conj. Orig. the prep. ó governing a subord. noun-clause
and itself belonging in syntax to the main clause, but later
felt as a conj. belonging to the subord. clause. See Thurn.
Thurn. Hdb. § 466
,
Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii § 511 Anm.
It must be distinguished from
ó n- (= prep.+ rel.) preceding a subord. clause, e.g. hua mbi
from which is,
Tur. 10
;
hua n-erbirmis,
Ml. 135d3
; ho torgab
whereby he committed,
32a23
. The form ua is not used as conj.
(but cf.
hu-batar,
Ml. 63a4
).
Lenites the follg. vb.:
o chretsit,
Wb. 31c7
.
o chaithes,
PH
4799
.
o dhoriachtatar,
190
. In Mid.Ir. often causes elision of
initial a in vbs. compounded with ad- (at-):
otchí,
PH 4606.
otbert,
6566
.
otchuala,
1008
.
ótconnairc,
TBC-LL¹ 3889
, cf.
3913
(both St.); but:
o atchuala,
PH 491
, cf.
96
,
100
. o atcondcatar,
355
. Cf. otnocbat (= o don-ocbat),
TBC-LL¹ 5674
, an analogous
form. Occas. eclipsis occurs in pret. forms of the subst. vb.:
o mboi,
PH 689.
ó mbátar,
5035
, cf.
1719
,
5110
.
Folld. by the deuterotonic form of compd. vbs.:
ó dom-
anicc,
Wb. 12c9
.
ó do-ánic,
Ériu iv 28.18
.
o doraitne,
PH
1349
. Later conjunct forms come into use, ó thánic, etc.
The preverb ro retains its accent after ó, except with cop.
(see below); but:
ór fhég,
LL 142a11
.
With the pres. tense of the subst. vb. ó is employed like a
preverb, forming a virtual compd.: 1 s.
ót[h],
LU 2985
,
LL
249b3
(
TBFr. 133
),
ZCP vii 301 § 10.
3 s. óthá (which early
develops into a prep., see óthá).
With cop.: pres. 3 s.
o as,
LU 1514
(
MU 52.8
); generally
with elision ós; ósa (common in PH and later Mid.Ir.). pret.
1 s. ?
obsa,
IT iii 68.3
. (with ro-)
or bam,
IT i 120.23
.
LL
282a12
. 3 s.
órba,
BColm. 96.4
. 3 pl.
obtar,
ZCP xii 378.22
.
With neg.: ó nach (ná); ó nár.
I As temporal conj., the orig. sense being distance from a
certain point (event, etc.) expressed by the subord. clause.
(a) the ó-clause states the point of time at which the action
(state) of the main clause began,
since
, Lat. ex quo. Folld. by
a pret. in O.Ir. (in Mid.Ir. sometimes perf.). hó boí mo chland
is oc frecur ceill Dae atáa since my clan came into being, it has
been engaged in worshipping God,
Wb. 29d6
. hu batar sidi i
nEgipt (gl. ab Egypto [usque adhuc]),
Ml. 63a4
. tri chét bliadna
. . . o bāte and Eocho find since E. was drowned,
LU 2986.
ni
ḟuilet trí thráth and o thucus-[s]a trí laíchcind uait,
IT i 102.9
.
cosindiu . . . ó gabus-sa Crúachna,
FB 44.
atú-sa sunn . . .
o rogenar since my birth,
IT i 120.20
. atu-sa or bam noídiu cot
ḟognam since my childhood,
LL 282a12
. coic laithe deg o do
benadh iad from the time they were cut,
Fl. Earls 196.1
.
ní
tháinig fear ó fearadh an díle,
Keat. Poems 822.
When the action of the ó-clause is conceived as still con-
tinuing, the pres. tense is used: ó tú-sa isin dún-sa as long as
I have been here,
LL 249b3
(
TBFr. 133
).
tri chét bliadna o tú
sund,
LU 2985.
is cían o as fásach it has long been waste,
1514
(
MU 52.8
). nocha cuinnghim bethaid mbí | o tú ar síth mo
Righ amuigh as long as I am outside my King's peace (?),
ZCP
vii 301 § 10
.
(b) the action of the ó-clause is anterior to that of the main
clause,
when, after
= Lat. postquam; with a vb. in perf. tense.
(If the vb. of the main clause is past, that of the ó-clause
represents pluperf.) o adcuaid ruín ícce in cheneli doíne . . .
asber iarum after declaring the mystery . . . he then says,
Wb.
21d11
. ho desid forlán . . . tanicc iarum gratia
when [sin] had
been superabundantly established . . . then came `gratia',
3a7
.
ho imrordai nech . . . dolbthai [= dolbaith-i] dano iarum,
PCr. 64a1
(
Thes. ii 229.32
).
o desid ógi na cretmi la firu Herend
and ┐ o ro pridcastar Patraic soscela dóib . . . conid íarum ro
chreti Loegaire,
LU 9735.
o ro glé a imrádud . . . dolluid,
FB
8
.
o ro taisfeóin Bricriu in fled . . . forócrad do B.,
ib. 13
.
is
mor for fācsam do maith | o ro chrādsam ar n-ardflaith,
SR
1486
.
o doriachtsat . . . ro chelebairset a tratha,
PH 579.
o
atchuala in ríg na gaire . . . ro iarfacht,
395
.
otrubairt in
demun sin, boí ina thost iarum,
1980
. o dubairt A. sin, ra
laigastair . . . ,
TTebe 1215
.
ó ro aitcheatar ainm Colmáin . . .
ternatar slán,
BColm. 94.12
.
Folld. by perfective pres.: o doréccu Cuirrech cain . . .
dobeir mac[h]dath when I gaze upon the fair Curragh,
Hail Brigit § 3
(
LL 49b15
). is ann is lestar spirto noib in duini, o
dondigsed na sualchi tar esse na ndualche when virtues come
to him instead of vices,
ZCP iii 454.26
(perf.-pres. subj. =
dodigthet, R). In
PH 928
: o ro dígset for a sét, the vb. is
prob. to be regarded as a spurious perfect.
(c) the action of the ó-clause is simultaneous with that of
the main clause,
when, as soon as, often while
; folld. by pres.,
past and fut. tenses. In Mid.Ir. the rel. form of 3 s. pres. and
fut. is commonly used in this sense. With pres.: ticc mo
tráth ó ticc an samh when summer comes,
ZCP viii 222 z
.
otchí Isu in ṅduine ic comallnad a thimna . . . faídid chuice
na suailche,
PH 4606.
o thecait na sualchi . . . dochumm in
duine, fuaslaicit a chorp ┐ a anmain,
4615
. o dfhéchas [leg.
déchas] in fíren brechtrad na sualach . . . togaid in sualaig,
7101
.
o chaithes in choland in mbiad, is sásad . . . di he,
4799
.
With subj. pres.: cuin is tualaing coisc alanali? O chanasca
[cutnasca v.l.] fadesin when is he able to control another? When
he can control himself,
ZCP iii 451.26
.
With fut., answering to a Lat. fut. perf., Eng. pres. or
perf.; common in Laws Comm. beirid cach dibad . . . o bias
in cuic raith cetach acu ┐ o bus ac oen flaith beit `when they
have the five stocks of a hundred head of cattle and are under one
chief',
Laws iv 42 y
=
Stud. in E. Ir. Law 149.5
. forrgid as
anim dō o rachas as a daghfēr fein (the calf) is called `f.' when it
leaves its own good grass,
110.29
(t.). o roinnfes in tir, nochan
egin do . . . when he has divided,
8.4
. o fasbus [= fásfas]
fogail when damage arises,
8.12
. donither trocaire ris o rosia
lan in marbhta `when (the fine) reaches the full amount for kill-
ing',
250.2
.
is e dobēra ola a throcaire do cách . . . o ragus fen
artús fo baithis,
PH 3813.
With past, gen. to express an action (state) during which
something occurred:
o mbatar na fir isin uamaid, . . . tanic in
t-imper,
PH 1002.
o mbatar icon cosnum sin, ro pritchastar
P. dóib,
1719
. Cf.
5035
.
o rabadar som amlaid sin . . .
adchualadar,
TTebe 2938
.
II As causal conj.,
as, since, inasmuch as
(not in Glosses);
esp. common with cop.
tescthar a thengaid o na hadrand na dee since he does not
worship the gods,
PH 733.
atbert in popul . . . in t-apstal do
crochad o nar fhétsat bás ele dó,
2555
. o nach fil nech ar
slicht Ádaim acht braithre since all of Adam's race are brethren,
7502
. ní dhéan ris acht léimreach tar líne . . . ó nach féadtar
réad do ríomh air as it is impossible,
Keat. Poems 755.
os e
in t-anumm is uaisle since the soul is the nobler,
PH 7367.
os
iat na céimenda since these are the steps,
7807
.
ro chedaigset
do Sir B. imdecht, os edh ba tol do,
ZCP iv 383.26
. os olc bó
. . . do goit, is messa . . . duine do goit since it is wrong . . . it is
worse,
PH 7778.
osa dáll a chride, berid diabul leis . . . he,
7755
. dentur do thoil féin dim-sa, osa me dorinde in gnim,
ZCP vi 277.12
. osa lim Albain cen fheill as I am ruler of Alba,
MR 60.15
=
FDG 518.
osa cara don naduir an fuil since blood
is the friend of nature,
Rosa Angl. 18.5
.