n n, f. (see GOI § 333 ). n s. aub, LL 1638 . ind oub , Thes. ii 340.5 (Hy. v). ind ob . Trip.² 3016 . abh, CS 6.24 . a d s. fri abinn , Thes. ii 242.3 . isin n-abuind , Trip.² 1635 . dind abainn , 1723 . g s. abae, Ml. 78b4 , Thes. ii 275.28 . na haba (:Banna), Metr. Dinds. iii 34.19 . abhai, K. and H. 29 . n p. aibne, LL 2033 . a p. aibne, LU 2214 . g p. aibni, LL 575 . d p. in aibnib , Ml. 81c3 . Later forms: n s. aba, Otia ii 87 § 8 . ind abann , Trip.² 1721 . a d s. abhann, Content. vi 69 . g s. na haband , TBFr. 211 . na habhana , Cín Lae Ó Meall. 29.12 . d p. abuindaib, RC xii 344 § 39 . aband f., IGT Decl. § 183 .

River: is ob cach etrice ān/ ┐ is loch lān cach āth , Four Songs 18.1 . sruthair na habae the current of the river, H 3.18, 710.3 . ar fut na haband, LL 13488 . uisce aba no locha, Laws iv 144.1 Comm. isin mBree .i. aband mor fail i Conachtaib, TBFr. p. 16 § 5 . tect ar cend usci oóil . . . dochum na haba, TBC-LL¹ 1555 . dabertis . . . slansen for glassib ┐ aibnib, 4211 . ro báided . . . isind abaind, LU 8927 ( FB 69 ). tar abhainn Life .i. obh fil i coiccrich . . ., Hugh Roe 24.17 (fo. 7a) . abh Liffe, CS 6.24 . samalta re sruithlinntip abann ṡleibe (sic leg. with v.l.), CCath. 5901 . is tú thug na haibhne ann, Dán Dé vi 38 . nocha chluinim fhuaim na habhann, DDána 41.38 . fonn . . . na seanaibhneadh dte, TD 32.54 . re huisgeadhaibh abhanna Jordan, Donlevy 438.12 .

Compd. -te: magh Uisnigh abhainnte, Aithd. D. 16.45 .

v subj. pres. 3 s. of *ad-cuimrig (* ath-com-reg-) binds: tacra im a reir conid n-acobuir pleading so as to make what is adjudged to him binding(?), Laws v 252.8 .i. co ro cuimrighi aí caich ina réir, O'Dav. 141 . acobhair .i. cuimrech, ut est ni acobair gell na bi gell `he should not bind', 50 . ? tri tire res na haccobair mac na raith na fiadnaisi, O'Curry 2469 . ( Eg. 88, 38 (39)a ).

prep. prefix used to form compds. See GOI § 822 ; O'Rahilly, Celtica i 337f. ; Breatnach, Éigse vi 339 . In close compds. remains as ad- before vowels and earlier w (preserved as spirant b): adamrae (amrae), adblam (ad-fo-lam).

The d is assimilated to c, t, g, d, b, s, m: abbrón (brón), Celtica xiii 14.258 . -accobra (adcobra), atrab (ad-treb), acarb, ag(g)arb (ad + garb), atód (ad-do-) apuide, abbuide (ad + buide), aslach (ad-slig), ammus (ad-mess). In the case of m, however, O'Rahilly, loc. cit., regards adm- as the regular development e.g. admass (ad + mass), admat (ad + muinethar), admall (ad + mall), admolaid (ad + m.). Before an original u in follg. syll.: audbirt, idbart, edbart (*ad-uss-bert), aupaid, epaid (ad-buith). Before r, l, n appears as á: áram (ad-rím), fo-álgim (*fo-ad-log-), áinsem (*ad-nessam). As perfective particle, see GOI § 532 . In pretonic position always ad-: ad-ella, ad-cobra, ad-gládathar, ad-slig, ad-midethar, ad-rími etc. except before t and d, to which the d is assimilated: attá, atá (ad-tá), ataimet (ad-daimet). For the forms with infix. pronouns see GOI §§ 412, 413 . The fact that ad- and ess- fall together before inf. pronouns has sometimes led to ad- being replaced by as- in pretonic position e.g. as-roilli beside ad-roilli (prototonic -árilli -áirilli). Sometimes ad- replaces in- in pretonic position e.g. ad-cumaing (prototonic -ecmaing), see GOI § 842 B (1) . Meaning orig. to, towards e.g. ad-gúisi hopes (wishes towards). In many compds. however it has a purely intensive sense e.g. adúath great terror; admór very great; admolaid praises highly. See various compds. below.

See ath-.

v ( ath-a.) asks again: dene mo athcomarc . . . atum-athcomairc ask me . . . ask me again, RC xii 76 § 58 .

v ( ath-c.). celebrates, extols: clú adcanar, BColm. 78.13 . ingen ordain adchanat, Metr. Dinds. iv 4.6 .

Vn. athchantain. See also -athchain .

adj ( ath-coémchloud-) gl. reciprocum, Sg. 209b12 .

v (* ad-com-sní-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 634 ) Indic. pres. 3 s. at-cosna, Fél. 156.11 . -ascnai, Laws iv 366.13 . 3 pl. adcosnat, Thes. ii 6.29 . Ipv. 1 pl. ascnam, Fél. Dec. 31 . Indic. impf. 1 s. adcosnain se, Thes. ii 2.26 . 3 pl. atcosnaitis, Fianaig. 10.19 . Subj. pres. 2 s. adcosnae, Ml. 56b39 . -ascnae, Ml. 56b31 . 3 s. adcosna. Ml. 51b6 . Subj. impf. sg. pass. adcosantae, Ml. 115d13 . Pret. and perf. 3 s. adruchoisséni, Ml. 69d4 .

Vn. ascnam.

Part. ascnaide.

Later also as simple vb. ascnaid.

(a) makes for, strives for, seeks (trans.): ni moa adcosnat bete in secundo genere . . . quam `they do not strive more', Thes. ii 6.29 . ní etaigthersu immanisin .i. ni ascnae ┐ ní charae, Ml. 56b31 . cach gell cona [ḟ]ritgill do di[a] nascnai coir `on the basis of which he attains his right', Ériu xii 48.2 . athlaech . . . nad nascnai sacarbuic `a lay-recluse who does not go to the sacrament', Laws iv 366.13 . nech atcobra dul for nemh, atcosna (atcosnae v.l.) in flaith, ZCP vii 310 § 1 . is ech buada dar mag réid / fer adcosnaid flaith Dé móir, Goid. 180.22 ( LL 284b42 .) is treothu adcosnaigther flaith nime, LB 12a46 . atcosnatis bidbad būaidh `they strove ever for victory over their foes', Fianaig. 10.19 . ascnaid Ériu seach inis Breatan sets out for E., BB 203b38 . in port adcosnaidís, 39a23 . gur bo hi an conair i ttudchad . . . don tir nó asgnáifedh, Hugh Roe 80.19 (fo. 21b) .

(b) proceeds, goes (intrans. with various prepp.): atchiu churach dar Muir Mend / ascnas i n-iathaib h-Erend, LL 12642 . adcosnat hi crich Ciarraigi . . . co Ath Féne, IT ii2 213.33 . ro-asgna Luguidh cona mhaithibh . . . i ccomhdhāil Conaill marched against, ZCP xiv 249.3 . ascnait assaide d'ardchathraig in tíre, LL 220b11 ( TTr. 246 ). ro asccna assaidhe co ros Comáin, AFM vi 1954.7 . ascnais A. co Poll Ruadhain, BNnÉ 322 § 31 . ro asccna ó D. tar Sruthair . . . ar fud tire hamhalghaidh, AFM iii 390.x . do easccna ara aghaidh he went forwards, v 1574.4 . ro asccnatar rempu they advanced, CCath. 4898 . ascnait . . . tria fort `they passed through a fort', Fl. Earls 104.27 . ascnaidhit a n-iermoracht Uī Nēill `they set out to overtake O'N.', 164.10 aon léig[e] dēg issedh ro ascnaidset in lā sin, 166.29 . ascnam . . . iarsin slicht let us go over the account (of a tale), Arch. Hib. ii 54 § 1 . asgnaidh esti a h-ainim life departed from her, Aen. 2869 . ra ascná uadib a mbruth, LL 244b42 .

Cf. ascnamaid.

v (* ath-com-ben-) strikes, cuts, wounds, lacerates . Later athchum(m)aid. adomchumben a dule its leaves tear me, Corm. Tr. 8. x . at[h]cuman amail rainn (leg. rind?), iterdiben amail faebar, ZCP iv 243.23 . eisce adcumann arm, O'Curry 245 ( H 3.18, 141 ) = atcuimen, 626 ( ib. 303 ); adcuimen, O'D. 868 ( H 3.17, 621 - 622 ) `a wound which a weapon inflicts', Plummer MS notes. huilliu adcumnet indate chlaidib `they wound', Ml. 77a1 . cichsit hÉrendmaig . . . atacumbat echtraind secht mbél fri firu Goedel (a prophecy), ZCP xiii 379.4 (fut. 3 pl.?). athcummaid amal rinne, LL 371a34 . athchummass cach immad, LL 243b6 , `wounds', TTr. 1981 . is bidba delg athchummas chness, LL 13802 . nóathcumad cech aén (of a demon), Lat. Lives 95.x . ? athcummai (atcumcai, v.l.) a delg, LL 14241 (rhet.) ro athchummai M. `he wounded M', TTr.² 1415 . ro cirred iarom ind lám sin ┐ ro hathchummad, LU 7995 . gur h-athc[h]umaid aighthi na mīled, ML² 1733 . ma adrochmaither , O'Curry 808 ( H 3.18, 374a (subj. pres. sg. pass.).

Part. aidchuimthe gl. cauteriatam, Wb. 28c17 .

Vn. athchumma.

v (* aith-cuir-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 499 ) subj. pres. 1 s. -athralor, BDD² 419 = -ralór, LU 6875 . Cf. atlathar dal, Laws ii 130.19 . 3 sg. it-ralai, BDC 124.315 . ? 2 pl. -atralaid, BDD² 417 = -roláid, LU 6874 . Perf. 3 s. athrola, O'Dav. 104 . 3 pl. athralsat, BDD² 428 = doathlasat, LU 6884 . Later as simple vb. athchuirid (in bardic verse athchraid), based on prot. stem and vn. athchor, q.v.

I Trans.

(a) restores, returns, transmits, entrusts: ?cofristacor aidchuirtis duaithis form gl. insultantes obiecirent, Ml. 118c3 (text prob. faulty, see note and Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 500 . Perh. to be referred to II). In the follg. three exx. probably pass., but cf. intrans. use below: adcuiretar (adcuirethar, MS) do hógi `they return to integrity' (of the elements in a compound), Sg. 73b2 . adcuireddar doláni `they return to completeness', 202b3 . is tre ḟír ḟlathemon ad-mórchatha crícha cu námat curetar great battalions are despatched to the territories of enemies(?), ZCP xi 81 § 11 . taítsi co n-atralaid for ndíberg im thírsea come and wreak again, BDD² 417 = conod roláid, LU 6874 . atomcuirethar sūas dó as mo ethar `raised myself up', MacCongl. 87.20 (impers. use?). adcuired suás a sceith, LL 167b54 . cur athcuir a amsaine ac ri B., RC v 200 § 13 `took military service with', Ériu i 184 . o'n aidchi ra h-athchuread Eriu ar h-au A. since the night when Ireland was committed to the keeping of, MR 110.1 . ro athchuirset da urchur . . . eturru exchanged two shots, 254.16 . madh fir fheib atralaid / mo riar[a] gan dermat / bidh leo a righe . . . `if they render as due honour(?) my dues', Misc. Hag. Hib. 28.17 . basseadh díoghal dobert Dia foraibh cecib cruth atrala `however it came to pass', AFM vi 2252.9 (cf. do-cuirethar). doratad crech . . . / conid-atharla Lugaid (sic leg., Corr.) `a raid was made . . . so L. made reprisals', Metr. Dinds. iii 202.30 , v p. 134 . achraidh sí an grás sul ghuidhthir she bestows grace before it has been prayed for, DDána 24.18 .

In Laws of the return of a fief (see 2 rath, turchrecc): cen anfolta flatha fora n-athcuirther to whom is given back (Thurn.), ZCP xiv 386 § 51 ( Laws ii 318 ). in tan is é in grad flatha . . . do rat itir rath dia céli athcuirid seic co seotu, ┐ athcuiridh comarba for comarba gen seoto returns . . . transmits(?), O'D. 1636 (H. 5.15, 18a). rath éirneis aire tuisi do aire árd, ní athcuirither co n-athcuirither comorbo for comarbo . . . ní athcuirither co tormala saoghal cach ngraid for araili, O'D. 2231 ( Nero A vii, 154b ), cf. 1635 (H. 5.15, 17b). Of a child: mac adchuirthur for fine n-athur a child which is returned to its father's `fine', SM Facs. 56a ( Laws v 198.5 ). ben slethe .i. ní fitir cia for a nathcuirfeadh (i.e. on whom she should father her child?), O'Curry 2006 (H. 4.22, 31). Note also: da fagha sé duine ar a ndenaigh a hathcor . . . athcuire[d] (of a sick wife), O'Curry 2308 ( Eg. 88, 23b ). Glossing fris-cuirethar: tri neichi . . . na firathcuired na comedaidh orba, gl. nad[f]rithrolat, SM Facs. 17a ( Laws iv 212. 14 Comm.).

(b) removes, expels, rejects: indmus manaig adcuirithear o [e]aclais, Laws v 430.x . intan ro atcuirius a sidh for in senadh rejected, CCath. 5043 . intan rohath[ch]uired asa deacht é `when he had been divested of his godhead', TTebe 2319 . athchuiris uad an sleig hurled, 4501 . ro athchuir cloidhemh an rígh uadha `resigned the King's sword', AFM v 1418.20 . as i sin adhaigh . . . ro h-athchuirid na h-ainfessa when ignorance was set aside, MR 100.9 . nír hachradh cách ó chridhe (: athchar) none have been driven from His heart, Aithd. D. 71.35 . atlochar don Rí adrala `who repulsed it', Misc. Hag. Hib. 43 § 63 .

? secip ní atcuire sind dib-línib ro-s-cluineb-sa in ni sin `whatever thing he shalt ask of us both', PH 1430 .

II Intrans.: ath-ralsat . . . dochum nÉrenn they returned BDD² 428 = doathlasat, LU 6884 . co ro athcuired doridisi cusin corp that he should return, FA 31 (LB) = co n-igsed ar cúlu, LU ( IT i 192 ). intan adcuirtís inna fochlói when they returned to their caves, RC ix 474.19 . is inn adcuirethar thither he returns, O'Mulc. 320 . ro athchuir Ua C. a cendus Oirghiall, AFM ii 1102.6 .

v A verb (*ad-com-icc-) distinct from 1 ad-cumaing (*in-com-icc-) seems indicated by the vnn. accmaing, tacmang (q.v.).? ath cumaing cach deistidh dithle, O'Curry 2497 (Eg., 40(41)c ). Prot. forms rare. Cf. subj. pres. 3 s. -acmai, O'Curry 58 ( H 3.18, 21a ) (bad spelling of -ecmai (1 ad-cumaing)?). Indic. pres. 3 pl. cia ro acmuinget mic a cain cluiche, 1585 (23 Q 6, 1 a) (deriv. of acmang? Bad spelling for ecmainget?); -acmaicet, 468 (H. 3. 18, 246).

Reaches, extends to, attains to: amail atcumaic in clí isin tegdais ō lár co clēithi sic adcomaic airechas in grādha so dianad ainm clí, Corm. Y 275 (= Corm. p. 10 ), cf. Laws iv 358.23 Comm. mad sligi adcumaid (leg. adcuma, ZCP xviii 326 ) ó thír co flaith, Laws iv 278.18 . ? cid duine ada drochma, O'D. 1975 ( Eg. 90, 9(10)a ) (?ada-d-ro-chma, Plummer MS. notes). roth n-óir isin brut . . . adcomaic húa smech cóa imlind, LU 7361 ( BDD² 1000 ). flesc . . . adcomced midlisse in tige, 8736 . atcumaing .i. rainic, ut est Táin; atcumaing iarum Cu Chulainn an abhann, Ériu xiii 64 § 39 . ?uair atacumang sa sein uile `thou art able (to do) all that' (lit. attainest to?), CCath. 4056 (cf. con-icc).

v (* ath-di-in-ci- , Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 489 ). regards, looks at: addéicider (subj. pres. 2 s.) gl. respicies, Ml. 43a19 . innithmigud inna soilse addecet, the contemplation of the light which they look at (see?) LU 1981 .

v (* ath-ar-reg-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 593 ).

(a) repeats, reiterates: aderrigsom forsanimchomarc fodí repeats the question twice, Ml. 46a21 . aderriussa gl. adieciam super omnem laudem tuam, 89b3 . atherracht ind co fo trí he repeated it thrice, Laud 610, 117b . nir aitherracht béim do bun chraind díb acht óenbéim co claidiub, LU 9063 ( FB 81 ). Cf. nir aitheraig beim riam do neoch acht oen beim, Cog. 188.26 . roaitherechtha uili limsa they were all re-made by me, Ériu iv 134.16 . quicquid iteratur . . . .i. gach ni athairrigthir, Auraic. 729 = cach ni athraigther, 3485 . Perhaps also in the following: dian ceis imitecht adreis riarra fri ollam nairidhi, O'Curry 1606 (23 Q 6, 5 a) = O'D. 535 ( H 3.17, 432 ). adreis .i. aiterrach, ut est Madnai do tes adres anai adgnai in cach oen bliadain adres .i. aitherrach in aithne, O'Dav. 120 . mad eirr (leg. ma ad-eirr?) ind aithgin iar tres cinud . . . .i. madia naitrigh no madia nairghe cin do denumh. Laws ii 188.9, 11 Comm. = dia naithrighe, O'Curry 2369 ( Eg. 88, 28 (29)d ). Cf. ZCP iv 348 . ? olliarraid a derigar altrum darese araile, Laws ii 176.1 . With prep. I N- in sense of relapsing into sin (possibly in this idiom * ath-ess-reg-): ma atheirr ind = si iteraverit, Ériu vii 146.5 . inge nād n-aithersed inn but that he should not relapse into it, ZCP x 47.10 . cenibad in olc naill naithirsed unless he should fall into some other sin(?), Laws i 10.6 . Cf. aithéirgid.

(b) changes. In O. Ir. glosses in sense of changes for the better, emends, improves: aithirgid bésu diandaithirsid ón isindeseircc . . . rigthir cuccuib, Wb. 9a23 . dúus indaithirset `if perchance they may repent it', 30b30 (see note). intí adeirrig treprecept do `he whom he brings to repentance', 22c2 (`der sich bekehrt', Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 593 ). atanneirrig gl. qui nos . . . emendat, Ml. 114d10 . robu cho adersetar gl. uel emendentur, 30d11 . arna aithirrestar gl. ne . . . emendetur, 32d13 . Cf. no-s-atherraig as a ulc, PH 5583 . mani aithir `if he does not amend', Ériu vii 162.17 . Hence changes, alters in general: ni aithergem na duile, Alex. 884 . ro hathirged a pell fo B. `was readjusted', Cog. 198.22 . nír aithearraigh aigneadh, IGT Verbs ex. 831 . créud far haithearraigheadh . . . saoire an tSathrainn ar an nDomhnach?, Parrth. Anma 2664 .

Vn. aitherrach. aithirge.

See 1 aithrigid, aithirgigid(ir), athairgtar and IGT Verbs § 84 , §106 .

v (* ath-gab-). gets back, recovers, takes back: atabgabed far caire gl. et reprehendentes uosmet ipsos aculeum uobis `let your reproach seize you', Ml. 20d11 . ar mad andess dobhí aurthuili a ḟlatho ni aithgebaid act bethi mogaid do, Anecd. iii 59.15 . (`you shall not recover anything but you shall be slaves to him', Hull, Publ. of the Mod. Lang. Assoc. lxii 897 and ZCP xxvii 68 ). cid ar a neipinar athgabail? . . . Ar indi adgaibter trebaire iar n-etrebaire, ar ni athgebad nach trebair a chennadaich ar trebairi . . ., Laws i 254.5 . is úad ad gēbthar Hēriu co bráth Ireland will be inherited from him, ZCP xi 87 § 52 . nír atgab . . . / talam `had not received him', Fél. Prol. 107 . lasin rig atagab ar coimet .i. Dia, Fél.² xxxi gl. 26(1) . do hathghabhadh í orthaibh `it was reconquered in despite of them', TD 17.9 . Note also: an luib ceadna do bhriseadh ┐ a cur ar ghreim na gcon gconfaidh, ┐ fóiridh a nimh ┐ ni athghabhann arís (the poison) does not have any further effect(?), 23 K 42. 437.12 . In sense of goes, comes(?) (see gaibid): cid adgaibsid iarom ol si. ni handsa ol se di themi maro what way did you take again(?), LU 10245 = atgaibsid, ZCP iii 234.4 . Obscure: ba hé tress rí adgeb (in stain, resembling adgeb- Facs.) guin, LL 19465 = ba he treisi do gellguin, BB 264b42 ( SG 335.14 ).

Vn. athgabál.

Meaning doubtful; Thurneysen translates sorcery (Beschreiung, Behexung) ZCP xxi 286 . Thurn. Ir. Recht 36 suggests vn. of ad-gair <* ath-gar-, but no form a(i)thgaire occurs. Cf. dith n-aee, dith n-a.¤ nad hi suilib sinemoin `ineffectualness in claiming back' (Thurn.), Bürgschaft 20 § 60 . Usually associated with ainem, referring to injury or damage of some kind: cin on cin ainem . . . cin a.¤ , O'D. 2226 (Nero A vii 152b). foceird in drúi . . . cúic essa imdegla fair ar guin, ar báduth, ar thein, ar a.¤ ar cach nolc, ZCP viii 310.35 . (Laud 610 96b1). mad ina aighe asrenar comlethet a aighthe do argat . . . ┐ a.¤ nainme i sochaide co cenn teora mbliadan `he sues him for every time that he is reproached with the blemish' (of the wounding of a bishop), Laws iv 364.1 . ruc fath-brithem Almaine / a.¤ cen inmaine, Metr. Dinds. iv 322.40 (`a loveless summons'). bersa atgaire mo lam feoire fir, LL 209b8 . a.¤ .i. adas-gair, O'Mulc. 23 (see adgair).

v (* ath-gni-n-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 546 ). Indic. pres. 1 s. -athgniniu, Liad. and Cuir. 16.4 . 3 pl. adgniatt, O'Dav. 156 . Pass. sg. -aithgnintar, Sg. 29b10 . -aithnentar, Triads 188 v.l. . Indic. impf. 3 s. atgnied, ZCP vii 300.11 . -aithgnead, LU 5921 (TBC). Cf. 3 pl. conatcomgeontais `so that they knew not', CCath. 4777 , cf. 4800 .

Subj. pres. 1 s. -athgneorsae, BDC 126.354 . 3 s. -aithgné , LU 5870 (TBC). 3 pl. -aithgnet, Ériu ii 118 § 54 . Subj. impf. 3 s. atgnead, LU 10323 . adgneth, O'Curry 2165 ( Eg. 88, fo. 4(5)d) . With inf. pron. in rel. clause asaithgned, LU 8384 ( FB § 25 ).

Fut. 1 s. atagensa, Ériu xii 186 § 18 (TE2). 3 s. -aithgéna Liad. and Cuir. 22.4 . Pass. sg. atatgentar-su, Ml. 121d22 . Condit. 2 s. -athgnitae, IT i 144.21 .

Pret. and perf. (in early lang. frequ. with meaning of present) 1 s. adgén-sa, Wb. 12c13 . -athgén, LL 274b32 . 2 s. -aithchéin, TBFr. 206 . -aithgein, RC iii 345.25 . 3 s. ad-geúin: ad-id-geúin, Wb. 12c13 . -aithgeuin, Ml. 52 . -aithgiuin, Ériu ix 48 § 26 . atgeóin, Metr. Dinds. iii 224.11 . ro aithgeóin , Ériu iv 94 § 11 . 1 pl. adgenammar, Wb. 14d28 . adrogenmair, O'Curry 1887 (23 P 3, fo. 22a). Cf. also -orgenamar, CRR 17 , 33 ? -aithgenamar, RC xiii 222.33 . -athgénmár, LU 10800 . 3 pl. atgenatar, Ériu ii 102 § 10 . LU 8384 ( FB § 25 ). -athgéntar, RC xxv 348 § 3 . With s-pret.: atgensat, AFM vi 2214.11 . ro aichensat , CCath. 5558 . ro aithgensat , 5560 . ? Pass. sg. aithgeonadh, SG 121.33 .

Later as simple vb., see 2 aithnid.

Vn. aithne. Part. (pl.) ætgnithi (corrected from angnithi), Wb. 1b14 . See also as-gnin.

See con-gnin.

(a) knows, recognises: air nicon bia-som manibé aní hua n-aithgnintar ┐ hua n-ainmnigther, Sg. 29b10 . atatgentarsu gl. cognosceris, Ml. 121d22 . ni naithgeuin ┐ leicsi huad `he did not recognise him', 52 . ni rabi la Ultu fer asaithgned amal ro salchad, conid i n-a labrad atgenatar there was not . . . anyone who recognised him . . . so that it was by his speech that they recognised him, LU 8384 ( FB § 25 ). ecmaic atgeoin-sium for erlabrai ind fir co mbo druth he knew by the man's speech, LU 5874 (TBC). atgéoin ba doib forruised in praind, 1715 . aithgin a athair and ornasc imma meor, his father recognised . . . the gold ring, RC xii 72 § 44 . Pret. frequ. used with pres. meaning: adgenammar a séis `we know his meaning', Wb. 14d28 . a mbelra-sa no labraimsi . . . atgenatarside they know it, Ériu ii 102 § 10 . ? nis fuighli nad ergeouin, Laws i 296.20 . atatgen, is tú rommalt I know thee, it is thou who fostered me, SR 2887 . atgénammár asa samail in fer sin we recognise, LU 8605 ( FB 46 ). aithgén ar a mbernaib beit mairt ili, LU 6623 (TBC rhet.). atgeon-sa isat filid, MR 68.3 .

(b) perceives, is aware of: ataat tri laa . . . o atam-ni ic imbirt na fidchille acht nat aic[h]enmar lasin mbansoillsi, TBFr. p. 18.10 . atgniat na Gaill gur bhó celg rohinnledh, Hugh Roe 84.17 (fo. 22b) . atngneadh i n-aghad hin duine in galur no-m-bid fair atgnied . . . al-lín no-mbid conn galur ann (of a physician), RC iii 344.11 . roaithgeóin (conaithgéoin, v.l.) smacht féig fíadnach he experienced keen well-known discipline(?), Ériu iv 94 § 11 . Of knowing sexually: nír forfáemusa mnaí atgnead fer, LU 10323 .

v (* ath-gon-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 548 ) Later athgonaid. lit. wounds again: adrogegon gl. repupugi, Sg. 181a7 . atgonat cride, ACL iii 297 § 53 . ? buaidh indsci anaib adgonar go gú bretha, O'Curry 1606 (RIA 23 Q 6, p. 5a) = buadh innsci banaib atgonar go gubrethaib, 2268 (Eg. 88 f. 20a) = buadh inngi anaib adgonar, 2273 (f. 20b). ruc C. furri . . . ┐ nira gonastarsum ní athgonad sum na díaid hí, LL 12328 (TBC). do hathghonadh eidhre Dé, Dán Dé ii 21 . gonais E. ┐ athghonais ┐ treasghonais éision, ML 140.13 . loitis Tuathal constapla na nGall dá cédḟurgamh, athghonais Taicleach é, AFM iii 234.6 .

v (* ad-(ath-?)-guid, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 551 ). Palatal quality in pres. forms prob. due to the influence of the vn. aicde, see GOI p. 355 . Indic. pres. 1 s. adguidhi, RC xvii 230.15 (Tig.). aicdiu (prot. for deut.), Bürgschaft 15 § 51 . -aic[d]im, O'D. 2330 (Rawl. B 506, 35c). 2 s. -aicde, Bürgschaft 28 § 75 . 3 s. ad-guid, Laws v 272.8 . 3 pl. ad-guidet, Laws iv 346.17 Comm. Pass. sg. ad-guidter, O'Curry 853 (H 3.18, 386b). -aic[d]ither, ZCP xiii 22.8 . Pl. ad-guiter, -aicditer, ZCP xiii 22.16, 17 . Ipv. 2 s. aicc (see GOI § 588 ), Laws ii 130.9 . Subj. pres. 2 s. ? ciatgeis, ZCP iii 37.33 . Pass. pl. (with ro) adrogestar, O'Curry 2396 (Eg. 88, 31a). -argesatar, Laws v 366.1 . Subj. impf. pass. sg. -aiciste, Ériu ii 106 § 16 . With ro: adrogesta, Laws iv 210.8 . Pret. 3 s. atgaith, Ériu ii 4.6 ? Perf. 1 s. adrogatsa, O'Curry 876 (H 3.18, 393a). 3 s. adrogaid, AU i 368.18 . adroegaid (cf. ad-goa), LU 9810 . adraeghaid, Anecd. i 42.15 . -urguid (leg. -árgaid), Laws v 476.24 . 3 pl. atraegatar, Anecd. i 42.16 . Pass. pl. atrogessa, Anecd. i 42.18 .

Vn. aicde.

Used with 2 macc, naidm(m), 1 ráth as obj. in sense of invoking sureties or guarantees for the fulfilment of legal obligations: dlega[i]r do cach déorad dé saigid a nadma[e] amal ad-rogesta[e] ind `for every exile of God is obliged to invoke their suretyship as though he himself had been invoked for it', Ériu xvii 66 § 7 ( Laws iv 210.8) . ní i n-aiccditer fir nime ┐ soscéla[e] Crist, ib. adrogatsa macu id gialli, O'Curry 876 (H 3.18, p. 393a) `i.e. I bound pledges [binding myself] to thy service', Plummer MS. notes. fiach dleghar dim . . . ad-guidiu macu inna híc, Bürgschaft 17 § 53 . `aicdiu' ol in feichem dia ndligther I give a guarantee, 15 § 51 . cadet tri gnima nadma? . . . imc[h]oimet neic[h] a n-aicdither, 13 § 43 . at-guidh in feichem ara-téit nadmen hi slan i.e. the debtor (on whose behalf the surety acts) invokes suretyship as a guarantee of compensation, 26 § 74 . aicc macu i n-ogslan co n-oghicc in[n]a raithe so furnish guarantees for complete compensation . . . of this surety, ib. atait tri nadmanda la feine nad roithead ní a n-aicaidter, Laws iv 56.26 . nit nadmanna na ratha adguidter ina dilsi, O'Curry 1767 (RIA 23 Q 6, p. 36b). atait secht nadmand segta ce ni argesatar . . ., Laws v 366.1 . lethnadmann . . . nadmann són ad-guiter dond ala leth ┐ ni aicditer dind leith eli i.e. suretyships which are invoked by one side but not by the other, ZCP xiii 22.16 , Bürgschaft 10 § 27 , ZCP xv 366.11 . lethslan fir (leg. fair?, ed.) .i. lethslan forsan mbidba[i]d, a lleth n-aill forsan flaith ad-guid in giall, Bürgschaft 77.26 . flaith atnuguid (leg. at-nguid, Bürgschaft 77 ), Laws ii 136.22 Comm. saigid feich a naicditar o mnai i.e. claiming a debt for which he has been invoked as surety, Laws v 308.18 . im coimet neich a naicdicher ar na tormastar ni fair, O'Curry 58 (H 3.18, p. 21a). is tar folta adguidet armaic friu, 803 (H 3.18 p. 372a). aic maccu dó samlaid 'appoint sureties for it thus', Cáin Ónae 38 § 2 . ? ben adguid aitire De no duine i fomatu a cuirp (of a woman for whose violation a man is not fined), Laws v 272.8 ( O'Dav. 913 ) (`eine Frau, die die `aitire' Gottes (eines Geistlichen) oder eines Menschen erbittet unter Darbietung ihres Leibes', Bürgschaft 73 ). ? nocu naicim imm[f]oichid air imma scuicthib acht maine tistar fo dochor chunnartha, O'D. 2330 (Rawl. B 506 fo. 35c). adguiter fír hOengasa (leg. nO.) . . . fris ┐ fir flatha na nDéisi `the pledge of O. and of the princes of the Déisi is requested as a guarantee for it', Ériu iii 140.170 . adraeghaid . . . Bran . . . ratha i n-ogh na saire seo, atraegatar na flaithi olchena airriu fadeisne . . . it é na ratha atrogesa sunn, Anecd. i 42.15 . conidh and do dechaidh Osraighi i n-dilsi fri leth Cuinn ┐ adrogaidh Maelgualai ri Muman a dilsi, AU i 368.18 `it was there that O. was alienated to Leth Cuinn, (i.e. came into direct dependence on the king of Tara), and Mael Gualai king of Munster warranted this alienation (i.e. pledged himself to renounce all claims to overlordship)', Binchy PICCS I p. 130 (1962). imroraid ni bad shairiu ara n-aiciste a chumachta that his power should be invoked, Ériu ii 106 § 16 . Note also: duli Dé adroegaid raith / tucsat dal bais forsin rig which he invoked as sureties(?), LU 9810 .

adv (with unlen. -d-, cf. atiu, AFM ii 920 .y ). Mid. Ir. adv. of place replacing O. Ir. deṡíu, see Thurn., ZCP xi 310 . hence, from this place (rarely of time): adrubradar . . . ní raghdais adu (adíu v.l.) anocht, Anecd. i 45.12 . reid atchíu mar chingimm / a.¤ ceim for kallaind, Gorm. Dec. 31 . dochuadus-[s]a a.¤ do acallaim brathar dam, PH 1891 . cach lia ┐ cach ligi fuil a.¤ go airther ṅh-Erend, TBC-LL¹ 5705 . immot breith assa leith a.¤ `about carrying thee hence', Ériu i 130.34 . clóen ind ráth d'ind leith adiu, SG 317.31 ( LL 291b34 ). tret dub fri sonnach a.¤ ┐ tret gel fri sonnach denall on one side, on the other, LU 1729 . búaid creiche adiu, búaid slúagaid henceforth, BColm. 50.30 . Freq. in phrase a.¤ ┐ anall on both sides: conid desin dogarar Áth nImfoit de dina fotaib a.¤ ┐ anall, LU 10467 . gein buadha . . . día mba lán béoil na ndáoine a.¤ ┐ anall everywhere, BNnÉ 291 § 2 . oc scribendaib na n-arsata adiu ┐ anall rofoglaind Béid ┐ rothinol later and earlier (native and foreign?), ZCP ii 322.3 . adiu ┐ anall imon abaind. Ann. Conn. 1315.4 . dochersat ile etorra atiu ┐ anall, AFM ii 920.23 . aithisc iomda etorra adiu ┐ anall many communications on one side and the other, v 1740.15 . secht mile isseadh torchair idiu ┐ anall eattorrae `on both sides', i 318.2 .

Cf. 1 so, diṡíu.

v (* ath-moin-(muin-), Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 580 ). Indic. pres. 1 s. admuiniur, Thes. ii 250.3 . 2 s. admuinter, Fél. Oct. 2 . 1 pl. admunemar, Thes. ii 349.4 . Vn. aithmet.

Lit. remembers, calls to mind; usually with ref. to saints, patrons, etc., hence commemorates, calls on, invokes: Eleuther in martir / admuinter (.i. adamraigther .i. bendaicher) a feili, Fél.² Oct. 2 = armuinter, Fél. cainbrec atmuinemar / brōen fīona fīradbail (in praise of Cainnech), ACL iii 219 § 1 . admuiniur sa Mothairén . . . romainse . . . ar cach nolc, SG 389.39 . admuinemar in caillig .i. bennachmaid, O'Curry 1464 (H 3.18, p. 651). In invocations against danger, etc.: admunemar (.i. bennaichmait no ailmit) mo Brígi . . . rop imdegail diar cuire, Thes. ii 349.4 (Hy. v). ar intiuch anaichnid / admuiniur mór-itge / maicc Eithne ainm I call upon the name of the son of E. (i.e. Colum Cille) in a great prayer against the unknown path(?), ZCP viii 286 § 2 ( Rawl. 107a24 ) ( admuniu móritge, LU 1182 ). ? mad oen fri oen n-uathad admuind findmac nEithnend, LL 14193 . Of a medicament: admuinur in slánicid foracab dian cecht lia muntir `I put my trust in the salve which Diancecht left with his family', Thes. ii 249.8 . admuiniur secht n-ingena [trethan] / dolbte snāthi macc n-āesmar `I invoke the seven daughters of the Sea', Misc. Hib. 19 § 1 ( IT iii 53.10 ). admuiniur teora ingena Flithais, LB 99.35 . ?ní coisc mná admainiur mórgnímaib asa coscaib glé (rhetoric), Ériu i 118 § 9 . admuinemur .i. tiagmaid ina muinigin, Lec. Gl. 67 . Cf. atmenad , atmuilniur.

v (* ath-no-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 586 ). entrusts, commends to (DO): Indic. pres. 1 s. ?atnoim .i. fulang, O'Curry 1300 ( H 3.18, 539b ). 3 s. atnoí do epscop Brón día altrum he entrusts (entrusted?) him, Trip.² 1611 . Aed atnoe (atnoi, adnai, adnaoi, att naoe v.ll.) huile oll doene dronchetal .i. . . . ┐ ro aithnistar Aed do Dallan . . . co mbad druine cech cetal in cetal-sa, ACC 115 ( RC xx 282 ). aithni timna . . . .i. timna in tí ad noi don tír, O'D. 939 (H 3.17, col. 659a). Pass. sg. sruith in aicdhi (ind aithne v.l.) adnur duit `noble is the knowledge that is imparted(?) to thee', Arch. Hib. iv 207 § 19 . ?adnuither cert (`let justice be dispensed'), Laws ii 130.19 . Ipv. 3 s. atnoad Concobar eim . . . ol is cetaicce Fionncoimiu let C. hand him over, IT i 142.15 ( Comp. CC 8.17 ). 2 pl. tairngid lib a aingliu . . . in anmain n-écraibdig sea ┐ aititnid (leg. aithnid, Ped. = tabraid, LU) i lláim Lúcifir dia bádud give it in charge to Lucifer, 183.22 . ?Subj. 3 s. (see Ped. loc. cit.) adnoodur gl. reseruare, Thes. i 714.11 . rodbo dia adroni et connói a rrad file andsom no is hésom adroni do dia in fochricc file do i nnim `either God has committed and preserves the grace that is in him . . .', Wb. 29d29 . uair ini ada chuir bel atbelat an ti adrona .i. icfa so in aithgin atrona, O'Curry 676 (H 3.18, p. 330).

With de: atnóe díobh gan tochar fris na Gallaibh he enjoins them, Hugh Roe 100.30 (fo. 27b) .

Vn. 1 aithne. Later as simple vb., see 1 aithnid. Cf. as-noí