v (pret. 3 s.). IGT Verbs § 49 . suffered, endured: truagh mar ad-ruibh tinme a thaeibh / dar cinn-ne idir fuil is ḟeóil, ex. 430 . truagh mar do [roigh] (ruib, v.l.) tinmhe a thaoibh, Aithd. D. 62.12 . ar ruibh do gairbhgleacuibh Gall / ní haimdeacair a ḟulung, IGT Verbs ex. 431 . Vn. ruibechtain.

v * ad-(ath-?) -tech-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 639 ). Indic. pres. 1 s. atteoch, Thes. ii 349.1 (Hy. v). ateoch, 350.14 (Hy. vi), 353.5, .11 . adeochasa (adeochosa LU), TBC-I¹ 1030 . adeoch, 1031 . addeoch-sa, LL 1021 . aiteoch, ZCP vi 258.2 . ?atethach SR 817 (with inf. pron. 2 s.?). 3 s. ateich, Ml. 39b6 . 1 pl. atabtecham, ZCP vii 485 ( Enchir. Aug. Aug. 84b ). aiteocham, ZCP x 347 § 17 . Ipv. 2 s. ataich. Thes. ii 258.11 . attaig, SR 1618 . 2 pl. aitchid, LU 8391 ( FB § 26 ). 1 pl. aitchem, SR 1613 . Subj. pres. (fut., Ped.) 1 pl. adessam, Thes. ii 300.2 (Hy. i). Pret. and perf. 1 s. adróethach, Thes. ii 353.5 . adróithach, Fél. Ep. 301 . 2 s. atum-roethach-sa, IT iii 242.225 . 3 s. atroithich, ZCP vi 257 § 6 . ataich, TBC-I¹ 1551 (= conattecht, TBC-LL¹ 2184 ). 3 pl. ra attachetar , TBC-LL¹ 2744 . Vn. attach. Later as simple vb. ataigid, aitchid. IGT Verbs § 52 .

Lit. flees to, resorts to (see attach), but invariably in more abstract meanings.

(a) In the constr. a.¤ x fri y invokes x against y. adjures or beseeches y by or for the sake of x. In Ir. Lit. 30 ff. the phrase ateoch frit is used before each of a long list of items: ateoch frit, a Isu . . . do cethri suiscelaige, etc. the actual prayer (co nimragba, etc.) following p. 34. aitchid a chenel fri Bran `he adjures B. by his race', Rawl. B. 512 fo. 120c32 (Plummer MS. notes). ataich Cuchulaind fris a chomaltus ┐ a muimi diblinaib Scathaich C. appealed to him by his foster-brotherhood, TBC-I¹ 1551 . aitchidh ainm nDe re Brigit um ní do tabairt do asks B. in God's name to give him something, Lism. L. 1316 . ō roataig-sim Colmān . . . riu `he adjured them by Colmán', BColm. 96.1 . attchim-se mo guide rutt, LL 374c23 . ro attaich Dia riss gan a clann d'easguine `she besought him for God's sake not to curse her children', TFrag. 102.9 .

(b) calls on, prays to, entreats: adiuro .i. atchim, Gild. Lor. 52 . arnādrīs iffernn uathach / ateoch in ríg adróethach (.i. roatchius) `that I may not go to awful hell, I beseech the King whom I have besought', Thes. ii 353.5 (Hy. vi). adróithach in rígraid / . . . / . . . atateochsa íaram, Fél. Ep. 301 . attecham (ateocham v.l.) na hóga / doairset ar ṅdála, Sept. 20. a Dé dulig adateoch, ZCP i 497.6 . aitchem na huili duli / . . . / cor guidet lenn, SR 1613 . ō roaitcheatar ainm Colmāin . . . tērnatar slán i tír, BColm. 94.12 . no aitchitis in coimdid, PH 4055 . aitchim a sídh `I beseech peace with them', Studies 1923. 599 § 18 . With cognate accus. issed attach adessam `this is the prayer that we will pray', Thes. ii 300.2 (Hy. i). atach ind so atroithich Colum Cille co mmáthair nÍsu, ZCP vi 257 § 6 . With follg. IMM and vn. constr.: ra attchetar . . . firu hErend ma tocbáil bar lebennaib scíath they besought the men of Ireland to raise them, TBC-LL¹ 2744 . ra adaig clanda Nemid imo hainm do beith forsin ferand ind-romarbad, Dinds. 147 ( RC xvi 160 ). ro-n-aitchiset im thomailt `they begged him to eat', PH 6547 . ro attaig a shetig Samson imme sin, LB 127b15 . aitchim an dá dheaghfháidh dhéag / fam (dom, v.l.) thabhairt do Dhia ar deighshéad, Dán Dé xxv 50 . aitchet na naoimh . . . im thecht cuca da ccabhair, BNnÉ 256 § 214 . Similarly with DO: roataigh Día codichra da furtacht, ZCP vi 94.27 . ro aitchister . . . Patraicc . . . dia choemna for a bidbaid, Irish Texts i 18 § 54 . aitchett an Coimdhe do shior / naoimh sleachta Conaill dár ndíon, iii 45.30 . adchi[s]-seom (curoataigh v.l.) in Gall dia comairqui `entreated . . . for his protection', RC xxiv 56 § 17 . Note also: aithchim ar bhar n-éigse sibh / gabháil `I implore you by your poetic profession to restrain . . .', Content. xvi 88 . Less freq. with person entreated introduced by FOR or FRI: ro atuighsead an sgol for Féinius bérla do theibeadh as na hilteangthuibh, IGT Introd. 3.17 . aitchimit fort gin ar clödh forcula do dliged ar sen, ZCP i 260.5 . is eadh aitcheas nó athchuingheas Ieremias . . . ar an duine, TSh. 1619 . in fer fodrácaib co claen aitchid fris a facbail co diriuch request him, LU 8391 ( FB § 26 ). tocht fo a thogairm ┐ an ro ataig fris do denamh `and did whatever he requested him', AFM vi 2054.7 .

[ā, f.]. Perh. vn. formation from *ad-cíall- or ad-cell- LEIA A-9 . Cf. 1 fochell.

Act of preparing for, against: aicell .i. ai ┐ ciall, O'Mulc. 15 . eccell .i. ciall ecca, O'Mulc. § 356 . mo dhéar d'aicill ní fhéadfainn (: bhfaicinn) `I could not face my tears', Aithd. D. 39.39 . aicill Gall do ráidhfinn ribh (: faicim) `I can only tell you to look out for the G.', 26.3 . is doirb a aicell, Magauran 2897 . aicill na hairdríghe management(?), TD 20.4 . In phrases i n-a.¤ , for a.¤ (with gen.) in readiness for: dogen-sa fled . . . i n-accill ┐ i n-airichill Conchobuir, CRR § 9 . in aicill a fedma d'fulang `who was about to support his exertion', MR 224.24 . co n-dubga . . . in aicill forgaim `in readiness to thrust', 198.21 . do thogadar . . . a n-da sciath . . . a n-aicill a cheili, CF 627 . for aicill do marbta, RC v 200 § 12 . Note also: faidis . . . P. dacaill arin coblach Persecdha, BB 491a20 = do airichill, Alex. 329 . (cf. acclaid?).

Cf. 2 aiccill, éccell.

n (comair) opposite position: ota aurchomair Sechim co sruth I. from opposite S. to, LB 125b35 . ro gab (sic leg.) . . . a erchomair he went straight on, IT ii1 174.30 . docuredar ass erchomuir in tslúaig they set out in the opposite direction from the host, LL 14093 .

With various prepp. With AR (FOR): ar a.¤ a n-aigthi ahead , LL 240a7 ( TTr. 1726 ). ar urchomair a gnúsi ┐ a agthi, TBC-LL¹ 5138 . inis fil for ercomair an essu for an ccuan, Leb. Gab.(i) 26.19 . With A(S): rapatar as urchomair Chruaiche P., Fl. Earls 8.z . as urchomair chāich before (i.e. in the presence of) all, 140.20 . With FO. In local sense: fo urcomair Innsi hE., AFM v 1580.12 . forsan bfairge fo erchomair Droma cliabh, ii 1104.14 . In preparation for, readiness for: ar oiregdacht a isdud fa nurcomair in readiness for (receiving) them, Hy Maine 140.5 . gan comarba meic leis fá hurchomair to inherit it, Acall. 4914 . dia imdeghail for na celccaibh batar fó a erchomhair `to protect himself against the snares which were laid for him', AFM vi 1920.3 . fait[h]chi urfolam fo ercomhair airechtais a vacant place for an assembly, CCath. 4912 . With I N-: is cuma loisces a mbis issa ┐ huasa ┐ inna erchomair in front of it, Ériu vii 160.12 . fial . . . i n-urchomair a gnúsi a veil before her face, LB 122a27 . tuargaib a tech i n-aurchomair a imdái, LU 8373 ( FB 25 ). iarna beith a n-urchomair na hec[h]tra `after having met the adventure', Ériu iii 158 § 12 . dochuaid cach 'n-a irchomair every one went straight forwards, TBC-LL¹ 1033 . In hostile sense against, in opposition to: i n-urchomair na n-anmonn ad nocendum animabus, Aisl. Tond. 108 § 2 . co nār fuilṅgetar hi n-urchomuir a aighthe `did not dare to face him', Fianaig. 74.19 . i n-urchomair Gall do ghein / Ó C. O'C. was born to oppose the G., Aithd. D. 5.6 . go mbeith-siumh . . . i nercomhair catha doibh, AFM vi 2128.2 . `nar n-urchomhair confronting us, Dán Dé v 20 . Lugaid tra a nirchomair na cell, in dias eili for in tuáith, Irish Texts i 17 § 51 . awaiting, in readiness for: braighde . . . do bheith aca 'na urcomair to have hostages ready for him, ML 52.32 . ocht fichit bó i férgurt ghabála ina urchomair, SG 139.y . gan chomarba meic lais ina hurchomair i.e. to inherit it, 194.26 = fa hurch., Acall. 4914 . Mac Aodha . . . / cáin Fhódla 'n-a urchomhair `the rent of F. awaits A.'s son', Aithd. D. 7.38 . for, with a view to: tri haige seasga . . . a nurchomair airbearnta do dul ina tochas, no a nirchomhair feola, O'Curry 1265 ( H 3.18, p. 511 -2) `i.e. to make good defects in stock, or to be made into beef', Plummer MS. notes. tir . . . a nirchomair féoir to be reserved for hay, ib. esbadh sét i nurcomair cacha haicde na ticfa de, O'D. 1677 (H. 5.15, p. 28a) `i.e. the `seds' are to be diminished to correspond with each `aicde' which is deficient', Plummer MS. notes. a nurchomair frescisin dona buaib in hope of increase from the cows, O'D. 1952 ( Addl. 4783 7d ). trian a nurcomair a hail . . . ┐ trian a n-urcomair a sailtince `in consideration of', Laws iii 372.17 Comm. i n-erc[h]omair in meic ecalsa, BColm. 18 § 19 . Corresponding with: da se bratta fo chis chain / da sé phairt 'na n-irchomair to correspond with them, SR 176 , cf. Laws i 20.28 Comm. Contemporary with: cenḟinna uile cen ail / bai Herend na erchomair in his time, LL 911 = ina aimsir, BB 31a4 . teist ro ḟersur ré siabordai ina urchomair sé ṁbliadna déc dlegma scur, LL 14290 .

n (oirgid) reaver, plunderer: airgtheóir gach cláir ainbhfine, Ériu xvi 192 § 9 . a airgtheoir Iofoirn o harrower of hell, A. Ó Dálaigh xxviii 11 . indrightheoir ┐ aircctheóir na ccoiccrioch, AFM vi 2218.29 . airctheoir Gall ┐ Gaoidheal, iii 256.8 . airgtheoiridhe aindiuide, Keat. ii 6123 .

n orpiment: argadluim ... arcetluim, Bretha 9 . g s. na hargallaime , 23 K 42, 358.12 . an argalluim , 19 . auripimentum arsenicum .i. anmanna in airgedlaim , RC ix 225 . arsenicon ┐ auripigmentum .i. argadluim, ACL i 335 § 62 . do luibib gall ┐ sraiff ┐ luingit ┐ airgetlaim, Laws v 84.10 Comm. ? aol ordlach d'airgetlaib, IT iii 69 § 12 = MacCarthy 124.20 .

(with len. -m-) (urramma, recte urrama) laudatory adj. of somewhat vague meaning, eminent, noble, brave, etc.: an t-áirsidh urramhanta ollbhladhach, ML 114.17 . ardmac uasal urrumhanta, Ériu v 74.5 . DDána 111.24 . dá ócc chonsabal uaisle urramhanta, AFM v 1688.25 . rígh acfuindech urrunta, Stair Erc. 1392 . la hirgail . . . urunta, Stair Erc. 1070 . urrunta a triath `daring its lord', ITS v 116.14 . trombhuille don tshúist imreamhuir urrunnta substantial(?), PCT 1054 . Superl. mise . . . ba hurrunta diob, TBC St. 13 = urraitiu, TBC-LL¹ 16 . as é ba huaisli ┐ ba hurrunta isin comairli sin, Acall. 406 v.l. = uiregda, text. urrunta (urramanta v.l.), CCath. 931 . do na hógaibh . . . is urramhanta do bhí san Midhe, Keat. iii 2816 .

In bad sense proud, tyrannous: an gall uaibhrech urramhta (sic), ZCP x 12 n. 5 . righ arnaidh uramhanda edrochair (= étrócair), RC xx 335.12 .

v (línaid): ro hathlínad Ériu do longsib gall Ireland became full again of Norse fleets, Cog. 26.14 .

n o, m. IGT Decl. § 11 .

(a) act of looking at. With obj. gen.: dobhí ag á n-amharc astech looking into the house at them, IT ii2 139 n.2 . ar ndul d'amharc uamha an leómhain, TD 16.37 . In proverbial expressions: seinm cruitte dara ha.¤ playing a harp without being able to see it (of an uncertain friendship), LL 18415 (but see Ériu xx 194 ). béim dar a.¤ a blow from behind, TFerbe 594 . Fig. d'amharc gach othrais . . . dá mbí ar a anam, TSh. 1631 . Cf. is fíorghlaine do shúile na chum uilc damharc, Habakkuk i 13 . Usually with prep. AR: do fhech Maolmuire tairis d'a.¤ ar in muinntir sin, L. Chl. S. 34.27 . ar namharc na dhiaigh ar an dorus, Rel. Celt. ii 190.18 . mar fuair Béacán amharc ar Dhiarmaid `got sight of', Keat. iii 1074 . ré hamharc ar néallaibh nimhe (method of divination), ii 5445 . i n-ēiric na n-amharc claon máiliseach do bheiridis ar fearaibh neamh-phósda, ZCP iv 416.20 . d'éis m'amaraic ar Bhanba, Hackett viii 2 .

(b) faculty of sight: díoth amhairc, Dán Dé xix 13 . dallta focétoir co mbói cen a.¤ , LB 146a20 . amharc . . . shúl, TSh. 7252 . atáim i n-easbhaidh amhoirc, DDána 6.1 . Fig. aiseag amhairc a intinne, TSh. 204 .

(c) object of sight, view, prospect: a.¤ súl is sáimhe `the most delightful prospect', Hy Fiach. 424.7 . amharc aiérach accat, Studies 1920, 261 § 2 . Fig. amharc súl glainḟréimhe Gall `object of the glances' (Edmund Burke), TD 18.31 .

(d) Various: rostenn cen nach n-a.¤ `he harried them, in- visible', Metr. Dinds. iv 74.87 (cheville ?). Críosd ara cubhaidh amharg regard, reverence(?), A. Ó Dálaigh i 7 . a hamharc out of sight, TSh. 5223 . feadh amhairc ón mhúr amach `when just in sight of the rampart', TD 8.9 . gan coimhéadaidh uaibh d'amharc `keeping watch for thee', 19.12 .

adj (gann) unscanty, liberal: Maelanfaidh amgand, Gorm. Jan.31 . May 10. Oct. 7. ? nírb a.¤ (niorba gall, v.l.) a n-uide, Metr. Dinds. iv 212.18 (`not extensive was their journey', v 143 ).

n ā, f. Orig. vn. of anaid. Celt. Verb p. 186 . Pedersen, Litteris ii 77 - 94 (Best Bibliogr.), LEIA anál f. IGT Decl. § 149 . n. sg. anáil, Loinges mac nDuíl Dermait 58 § 31 . act of breathing; breath: donanáil gl. anele, Gild. Lor. gl. 123 ( anhela, Du Cange , see Ascoli xxxiii ). ic egmig impu . . . fot a n-anali till out of breath, LU 1902 ( RC x 56.15 ). anála fer ┐ ech, 9246 . anáil nathrach, 5442 (TBC). rob imda airech . . . ica urgabail ar n-urnaidm a anala air through shortness of breath (of fleeing men), MR 318.11 . tocbaid bar n-anála i núachtur bar cléib du bar n-étrummugud tairis, Mer. Uil. 65 . tromtínfed a mbrenanala, BB 495a8 . bolad fína lía anóil (: óir), LU 3640 ( SCC 31 ). a.¤ mnáa lat ingin breathes like a woman, Fing. R. 373 ( ZCP iii 5 § 14 ). omun iar sin hi cride / iss a.¤ hi trommchride (on the situation (in the body) of the passions and propensities), ACL iii 223.10 . lán dom anáil ón uabhar puffed up with pride(?), Studies 1924, 87 § 16 . cuir mar thúis anáil th'ochta / fam ghnúis d'fhagháil fhurtochta, DDána 67.30 . goill dom athchur 'sdom arguin / . . . / rug a hanáil óm inntinn, 90.5 . do-bhir dá ḟine a n-anáil `who gives life to his kinsfolk', TD 32.80 . lé anáil na nél um nóna / fér ag fagháil chóra a críaidh, IGT Decl. ex. 1153 . d'anáil óirmheirgeadh the breeze caused by the waving of ensigns, L. Cl. A. B. 100.200 . lé séideadh nó lé súghadh a anáile, TSh. 1896 . oiret anala géoid the slightest breath, RC xxiv 381.18 . táinig d'anáil chuaigh fa Chormac `such fumes arose from the goblet', TD 29.34 .

In various phrases. do-beir a.¤ fo breathes on: a ndorat a anáil foí when he blew under it (of a fire), Trip.² 132 . tuc a a.¤ fai iarsin `the Devil breathed on him them', BCC 454.28 . do-beir a.¤ for: dobeir an sacart secht n-[an]ála Dē for a muin the priest breathes seven breaths of God on his back (significance obscure, apparently a form of appeasement), BColm. 96.27 . dobeir íarum an t-airchindech secht n-anāla Dē for a muin corigci an lic i ndorus a tighi apad, 29 . gaibid ar (for) a.¤ : no co ngaba for thrí ara anáil till he thrice holds in his breath, Mer. Uil. 135 . rogab for a anáil, CCath. 2072 . do léici, léicid a.¤ exhales breath: crét tái cen t'anál do lécud immach? PH 8136 . ro teilgedh a anál, CCath. 2164 . aithinne dubh . . . léicis Mlaise a anáil foillsigh / fúithib gur shoillsigh, SG 27.33 . dia ttealccat an lucht úd a n-anala get breathing time, AFM v 1766.24 . do-léici, léicid a.¤ do: ma tarlaic a nanala doibh if he gave them a breathing space (of driving cattle), O'Curry 2325 ( Eg. 88, 25 (26)b ). ro léc a tri nanala doib, O'Curry 2341 (ib. 26 (27)c ). intan dorelced mo anāl damsa provided I can breathe, TBC-I¹ 2192 . nír léig Gall ort a anáil 'no foreigner breathed upon you', Giolla Brighde 40 § 5 .

In descriptions of heroes' feats (precise application not clear): rothchless ┐ otar ┐ cless for análaib (of Cú Chulainn), LU 5972 (= gless (cleas St.) for a.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 2111 ). eter chles for análaib ┐ ubullchles ┐ siaburchles, 8442 ( FB 30 ). léim tar neimh ┐ cleas fur anala, RC xxix 128 § 35 . ro clisius for analaib / uasa uíb ( ? uas aúib) na n-ech, LU 9345 . immasleig cach la beirt immin n-araid gabáil na n-ésse biid uasaib ┐ análaib, 9294 . Cf. in descriptions of fighting: is amlaid bís mo chú . . . oc imguin ós analaib, TBC-LL¹ 531 . arfich ó aíb ech ┐ analaib fer, LU 8347 ( FB 24 ). atrácht a én gaile osa anáil co m-búi for folúamain imma chend (of Hercules), LL 225a48 ( TTr. 600 ). rachomaicsigsetar na catha da ceile . . . co raeirgetar a n-eoin gaile ósa n-analaib, 239b42 ( 1706 ).

Of recitation, ref. to the number of words, etc. to be spoken in one breath: intan ba roscadh . . . cindas nothomsidhe? . . . do focul forba anaile no-taispenta don choiceadh focul, uair is coic focail romesadh i n-anail in filed by a word completing a breath which was indicated by the fifth word . . ., Auraic. 930 = 3860 . dilius do bair[d]ne a tomus et coir n-anala their measure and correct phrasing (lit. breathing), 3528 . is é cóir nanála .i. narop sia las in bfer nít gaib (= nodgaib ?) ó aná[i]l cen (leg. cech ?) leth ┐ gach cethruma inás a céile, ar na roib cam .i. cin claen dona claenaib . . . that the man who recites it in (one ?) breath may not prolong any one couplet or any one line more than another(?), O'D. 1222 (H 2.15, 86b). Of the chanting of psalms: a sailm iar fersaib ┐ linib ┐ adhantaib ┐ analaib, Laws v 24.9 Comm. oc cetul a shalm . . . for aillib ┐ annalaib ┐ ernalib, MacCongl. 13.11 . Of the recitation of a magic formula: D. doroine dic[h]etal do cennaib for enanail do cuingidh feraind for C., LL 392b53 . Similarly: for óenchoiss ┐ óenláim ┐ óenanáil rachain dóib insin uile, LU 6983 = BDD² 562 . Legal: tucait mbinniusa .i. a foclaib ┐ a nanalib diction and enunciation (of speaking in court), O'D. 849 (H 3.17, c. 603). fot naen anala do boaire, ┐ .u. focuil inti, a dó do filid . . . a tri do flaith . . . a secht do eclais, ┐ nai focail cethrachat indtib, O'Curry 698 (H 3.18, 337). go deich do foclaib ┐ vii nanala don eclais ┐ vii focail in cach anail . . . da anail don fili ┐ v focail in cach anail, 227 (122).

On the connection between a.¤ and poetic art (aí), see Celtica vi 215 ff. do glaine n-anáile, Ériu xiii 37.15 . do-glind anáil / ailibh caoinibh / inghen gaoithe . . . eisimh teisimh / eallaing, teallaincc, 16 . a hainm (i.e. aí) i ccaoimthecht fria hanail, 39.24 .

Compd. anal-utmall of quick breath, panting , CCath. 4956 .

n = 1 glond. In TTr. ánglond and in later language usually with lenited -g-.

(a) heroic deed, exploit: im anglonna fó, LU 6181 (TBC). ainble angluinne, TBC-LL¹ 5638 (angluinn v.l., Gloss.) dá ech Aenguis angluinne, SG 100.23 . co lín a.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iv 260.26 . is dund anglund sain fec[h]ta cath Cūla Meinde, ZCP viii 309.5 . a met a n-a.¤ ┐ a ṅgnimraid, Cog. 52.14 . In bad sense foolhardy act: fá anghlonn ioma re triath, ML 146.13 . anghlonn .i. gábhadh, O'Cl.

(b) champion, hero: testin fola na mmíled ┐ na n-a.¤ (sic leg. edd., ananglond, MS), LU 6439 ( TBC-I¹ 1926 where same dittography). in t-ánglond ┐ in t-ársid, LL 222b24 ( TTr. 399 ). ri ánglund ága na h-Asia .i. ri Hectair, 238a34 (ib. 1584 ). uair bá h-anghlonn ┐ ba tuairccnigh catha eisiumh, AFM vi 1876.12 . in t-anclund ┐ ind ail bratha, CCath. 2917 . imthūs in dā anglonn, ML² 2034 . an t-anghlonn . . . Osgar, Content. vi 128 . anradh ┐ anghluinn Gall ┐ Gaoidheal, ALC i 6.1 .

See angclú.

n (smacht) oppressive rule, tyranny: triana anffoltaibh ┐ trena a.¤ forra, AFM v 1510.2 . med ansmachta ┐ annirt, TFrag. 184.22 . do fhalaigh gach annsmacht, Studies 1920, 418.22 . tré a.¤ na maor, Atlantis iv 164.10 . ainméen ┐ a.¤ . . . an impire, Fl. Earls 118.z . táinig d'a.¤ (sic leg., see Ériu xii 230 ) Gall , Keat. Poems 1365 . a.¤ Gall dóibh, TD 3.11 . tír fa a.¤ Gall do traochadh, O'Rah. 6.6 .

n o, m. (ON ármádhr, Bidrag 133 ) officer, official: armand an dúine, RC xviii 278.21 (Tig.). cath commór do ridirib ┐ d'ármannaib ┐ d'áirseóraib, 290.1 (ib.). ac fegad na long n-anaichnid ┐ na n-og ┐ na n-armund, Aen. 1836 . allgotha . . . na n-airdrig ┐ na n-armann, CCath. 5949 . ardmair ┐ armainn, 4850 . tainic cogad . . . eidir airmúin̄ In̄si Gall `chiefs', Rel. Celt. ii 162.9 . na hármuinn ar thaobh Eoin, 11 . ar neirghe da narmannuibh `rising of their champions', 262.35 . armainn .i. oificcigh, O'Cl.

n (1 assa(e)) shoes: nutasigthe du gall-asu gl. calciá té gallicas (= caligas) tuas, Thes. i 497.18 .

adj io, iā (1 as) of or belonging to milk . In etymol. gloss: gall (γάλα) enim graece lac latine dicitur inde Galliae (Galli, Corm. 23 ) .i. indastai, Corm. Y 683 .

n m. (ON hattr, Bidrag 30 , 98 ; probably of Germanic origin, Vendr. Lex.) head-covering, hat, hood, helmet: at lanmaisech lín uma chenn, Anecd. i 76.7 . a.¤ leccda línaide ba clethi a chend-mullaig, MacCongl. 63.4 . a.¤ clúaslethan, ZCP xiii 168.11 . lór lat dḟagháil a n-íarrfa / gabháil chlíachdha ar h'at órtha, IGT Decl. ex. 975 . ríoghraidh na n-at n-óir, TSh. 7875 . as amlaid tanic Colam . . . breid ciartha dar a shuilibh ┐ culpait tairis anuas ┐ a.¤ in cochaill tairis sin anuas, Reeves Ad. 322.15 . at .i. cumdach, H 3.18, 650a6 . galea .i. at cluic, Ir. Gl. 26 . at cluicc, Ann. Conn. 136 (s.a. 1261.9) (these decompounded forms of clocat acc. to Stud. Celt. x 313 ). an tatcluicc tuccustair a teampall easadara, AFM iii 382.9 . pelleus [pileus] .i. at pill, Ir. Gl. 831 . do thoguibh sí in t-at pill da cend ┐ roaithin é, ZCP vi 291.y .

See atán, 1 cenn, clocat, gall-, maelat.

n t, m., also o.

Not freq. in the earliest texts. Oldest ex. prob. aurrai (sic MS), Críth G. 457 , where used in the apparently secondary sense of leader, chief . If the form aurrad is old it could be < *ar-fo-rath, cf. deorad < *di-fo-rath, with which it is frequently contrasted in legal texts (thus Wortk. viii § 175 ). But derived by Binchy from 1 ráth ZCP xxxiii 88 . The inflexion and meaning are against treatment of aurrae as vn. of a compd. of renaid. urra, orra, earra f., IGT Decl. § 7 . urradh, orradh, earradh m., § 11 . Also with n s. -aid, Ir. Gl. 304 , Tec. Corm. § 31.17 (?), Ériu i 126.12 , Cog. 118.16 . g s. urrada, O'Curry 630 ( H 3.18, 364 ). urrad, ACL iii 228.74 . n p. urradha, AFM v 1654.5 , Cog. 206.21 . urraidhe, TSh. 71 . g p. uraidhe, BNnÉ 318 n.18 . Note also d. sg. uirridh, Celtica xxi 8 .

(a) person who is native within the bounds of a `fine', `túath' etc. , person whose protection and rights have been vouchsafed Wortk. viii § 175 , ZCP xxxiii 88 , as oppd. to `deorad'; native freeman, landowner, person of standing: indigena .i. urraidh, Ir. Gl. 304 . isiat na hurraidh atbeir and:—fir aen eirce, no aencriche, no cid lucht aen choicid ar meadhon dia cheile . . . ┐ dia mbedis fo smacht aen rig . . . asiad na deoraid, na cuigeadhaidh dia cheile, O'Curry 2011-2 (H 4.22, p. 34). mad mac imurro berus cetmuindtir do urradh is dilus da trian na n-orba sa do, uair berait mic na nurrad cinaid `because the sons of native freemen bear (i.e. pay for) liabilities', Laws iv 44.17 Comm. beirid cach dibad ┐ cinaid araili amuil cach nurraid, 42.z Comm. muinter Cennansa erraid deoraid, Misc. Arch. Soc. 128.3 (`both natives and pilgrims?' Plummer MS notes). ro edpairset . . . disiurt Choluim Chille . . . do deoradaib craidbechaib . . . cen seilb ṅdilis do nach erraid ann trea biuthu, 130.7 . urraid cách co fócra, Tec. Corm. § 31.17 . do maccaib deórad . . . do maccaib aurrad (urradh v.l. St.), TBC-LL¹ 19 . bud aurchur deoraid sin ┐ ni ba hicht urraid, 1289 . dligid Ū Gusān cáin a deorad ┐ lethc[h]āin urrad ó ríg Midhi, BColm. 64.26 . maccaib sceo ingenaib deoraid aurraid láichaib, LL 215a25 . ag dícendadh urradh ┐ easurradh na ccendtar . . ., AFM v 1698.2 . a thermainn toghaide d'fagbáil 'ga nurradhaibh ┐ 'ga noighredhaibh iomcuibhde dia éis, BNnÉ 264 § 225 . teagh ríogh Chruachan cuma a luadh / is (um, as, MSS) nach uathadh urra um Aodh, DDána 119.23 . idir urra is anurraidh `both freemen and wanderers', TD 16.53 . na huaisle ┐ na hurraidhe gentry, TSh. 71 . Attrib. g s. fer iar n-iocc recht (? secht) cumal urraid .i. in deora frecair, Laws v 185 n. c . aire urraid, O Cl. 959 (H 3.18, 413b) `a native noble', Plummer MS. notes. gataide urrada . . . g. deorada, 630 (ib. 364 ).

(b) leader, chief: ríi buiden, cid ara n-eperr side? airindí as n-a.¤ dá buiden nó theora mbuiden, secht cét cacha buidne, Críth G. 457 . bassa hurræ alma, Imr. Brain ii 288.32 (Laud 610 f. 102a) = bá-sa thóisech-sa do almaib, 21 ( LU 1274 ). torcrattar . . . ceithre hurradha gall , Cog. 206.21 . catluan catha ┐ urraidh ┐ airsid ímbualta, BB 490b47 . mac ógh-Mhuire is urra dhún, A. Ó Dálaigh v 4 . má tá tusa . . . / it urradh gliadh, Content. xxvii 11 . go reich urra a n-eadrána `until their defender come', TD 17.16 . ceann urraid soighdiúiridhe . . . Séamus, Párl. na mB. 173 . a bheith na chenn don Presptri ┐ na urruigh mhóir dona chovinentears, Rel. Celt. ii 178.33 .

(c) surety, guarantor (`?because only a native landowner could act as such. Cf. trebaire', Plummer MS. notes): ro gap F. ratha et urradha ar M. im na comhadaibh, TBC-LL¹ p. 461 n.2 . dona hurradhaibh fuair Adamnan na mná do shaoradh . . . Moshacra i.e. that M. was one of the guarantors A. got to secure the freedom of women, Mart. Don. Jan. 8 . iarrois a fiacha ar a urrad (translating debitor), Aisl. Tond. 120 § 2 . ro luaidhedh siothchain . . . gan urradha gan árach, AFM vi 1988.16 . bíaidh agamsa ina earruidh / mac Donnchaidh Í degCealluigh, IGT Decl. ex. 291 . sgéal gan urra unsupported, Aithd. D. 32.27 . urra an sgeóil `the hero of the story', TD 24.19 . bhíos durraigh ar son fhíach, Proverbs xxii 26 (`that are sureties for debts'). ós urra gan bhaoi gan ionamhus inn, Ó Bruad. ii 170.12 . urra an chonnartha is fearr, Hebrews vii 22 . ni abair an biobla amhluidh, no aonurradh, no aonughdaras nach breugach any authority, Luc. Fid. 5864 . uisge is teine mhór / 's urradh badh lór leat (of brewing ale) `materials' (Gloss.), Measgra D. 8.40 .

With FRI (RE): cia as earradh re hionnramh gcáigh? O'R. Poems 1551 . tapoir urra damhsa risna comhadha re geallois a Mheadhbh, ZCP x 277.33 . dá mbeith Dia ag cuma fa cheart / cia bhus urra re h-imtheacht?, DDána 23.1 . mairg as urra re héacht ríogh `it is a grave thing to be responsible for (ordering) a king's exploit,' Aithd. D. 59.1 .

With gen. of vn., used of a person who can effect the action of the vn.: fá tú urra m'anacuil you were the one who could protect me, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 334.3 . urra a ndīona ar Danaruibh, ZCP ii 339.25 . urra ar sásaidh-ne is sé sin, DDána 20.29 . tú urra cobhartha cáigh the certain help of all, 19.15 . níbu hurra deabhtha ad dhál he will be no match for you in contest, O'R. Poems 1818 .

adj (báid) Also spelt bágach. fond, affectionate, partial; amiable, affable, mild: ? bráthir bágach, Fél. Apr. 11 (` warlike '). bát bágaig, bat condalbaig, TBC-LL¹ 5586 (bidh badhach, v.l.). uair as badhach nech ima tir fen, TBC St. 2735. condailbhe .i. bághach nó leathtaobhach, Triads p. 43 no. 252 . fer bágach cennais condirclech, LB 150b43 . in mhacaoimh báidhigh, SG 27.32 . glór coimseach bádhach banda, DDána 66.13 . ollamh ceirdech binn bághach, IGT Decl. ex. 1223 (bádhach, v.l.). an béal . . . binn bádhach, A. Ó Dálaigh xl 8. bádhach neach ré ṡean-dhúthchas, Content. v 115.

Adv. go bádhach, Ir. Review 1912, 517 § 4 .

See 1 Gall compds.

n o, m. (baránta) (a) authority, command : tuccustair oircinnecht ┐ aird-cennus an bhaile fora breith ┐ fora bharántus into his power and authority, BNnÉ 265 § 228 . Iarla Cille dara . . . do chur barantais Gall na Midhe dhe, AU iii 364.17 . paspart ┐ barāntus in arsdiūc d'fagāil, Fl. Earls 24.z . barāntus ┐ augdarrās in athar naomhtha, 192.1 . L. . . . i mb.¤ tosaigh na sluagh `as commander-in-chief of the forces', Keat. ii 4801. ó dhílinn go b.¤ Maoise ar chloinn Israel, 465 . ag déanamh barántais ar shluagh gacha críche commanding, i 66.x . breug . . . gan b.¤ `unwarranted', 24.3 . barantus, 'Commission', Eg. Gl. 751. Note also: ar barantus an fhir

(b) protection : ar barantus an fhir, Smaointe B. Chr. 479 . atāmaoid ag guidhe dhīdin agas bharāntuis, Carswell² 33.1095 . See barántacht.