n (Lat. ēdictum, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. i 209 . See LEIA Perh. rather adoptare, Marstrander, Lochlann ii 206 . Not a loan-word, O'Rahilly, Ériu xiii 161 n. 4 and see also ZCP xxxix 53 , Ériu xxiv 183-85 , xxix 154 ). Also audacht, idacht, udacht, edocht, aidachta. Decl. varies: as m. g s. in aidechta , AU i 54.2 . udhacht m. (g s. and n p. udhaicht, udhachta), IGT Decl. § 25 . udhachda m., § 2 . Also ā, f. a s. udaichd, Parrth. Anma 5688 . g s. na hudhachda , 5875 . Note also a s. udhachtain, RC xiv 62 § 77 .

Will, testament, bequest: issí inso coibse Fétho Fio ┐ aedocht di bliadin re mbas dáu du manchuib Drommo Lías `this is his bequest two years before his death to the monks of Druim Lías', Trip. ii 338.21 ( Thes. ii 238.18 (Ardm.)). ba hésin a hedacht adbul / dia chlaind, LL 16091 ( Todd Nenn. 248.203 ). Audacht Morainn , name of a tract, precepts to a young king given by Morann at his death, ZCP xi 73 . udhucht Aithirne ann so do thairchedal gheine Criosd, Ériu xiii 18.24 . fáidis Morand in n-audacht sa chuice, ZCP xi 80 § 1 . a n-aimsir ar mbáis; ar n-udhachd do dhéunamh gan mho[i]ll, Parrth. Anma 5864 . do réir udhachta Oiliolla Óluim, Keat. iii 3118 . lá an udhochta day of my death(?), PBocht 17.22 . ge ratuillsium mallachtain / nir' millsim ar n-udhachtain we have not perverted our confession(?), RC xiv 62 § 77 . In strict law a name for a will made in articulo mortis (3 imna name for one made in bodily health), Plummer, Ériu ix 31 . The distinction, however, is not always observed: cach n-ord iarna cirt . . . ┐ a nudacht a nimna co rabat don eclais iar netla uird, Laws iii 32.z . a nudacht .i. fri bas, 34.14 Comm. is amluidh sin ranntar a imna ┐ a udacht, 68.4 Comm. cuit neclaise fris a mbi audacht, iv 194.26. mád espug cin uducht, i 202.y Comm. ro fag mac Seain a nudacht nar gabudur . . . cóir na cert uaid timcell Anaidh moir `Mac S. provided in his will that they should derive no title to Annaghmore from him' (Plummer MS. notes), O'D. 1961 ( Eg. 90 fo. 7(8)c ). muna tarraid ughacht itir é a denam donti ro marb he co nach roibe caomthachta a fhastaithi aici, O'Curry 1651 (26 Q 6 p. 21a) i.e. if he (the slain thief) died without confessing, the slayer must prove that he had no other means of stopping the thief than by killing him, Plummer MS. notes. Attrib. g s. doḟagaib in scrin ac a comarba udachta testamentary successor, ZCP xiv 152.13 . cloc in aidechta, AU i 54.2 (a famous bell at Armagh said to have been bequeathed by St. Patrick, see Reeves Ad. pp. 205 , 323 ). i ndigail sharaighthi cluicc ind edechta, 582.12 . cleirig an Chluig n Udachta do marbad ann, RC xviii 268.18 (Tig.). Solamh . . . maor cluig an edhachta, AFM iii 608.13 . delg aidechta, a brooch bequeathed to Iona by Colum Cille, Reeves Ad. 205 .

The thing bequeathed, bequest, legacy: Epscop Aed bói i Sléibti luid du Ardd Machae. birt edoct cu Segéne du Ard Machae. dobert Segene oitherroch a.¤ du Áid ┐ adopart Áed a.¤ ┐ a chenél ┐ a eclis du Pátricc cu bbráth. fáccab Aed a.¤ la Conchad Aed was bishop in Slebte . . . he brought a bequest to Segéne in Armagh. Segéne gave the bequest again to Aed and Aed offered his bequest and his kin and his church to Patrick forever. Aed left his bequest with Conchad, Thes. ii 242.17 (Ardm.) ( Trip. ii 346.22 ). audacht ceneoil a tribal heirloom, IT iii 199.29 .

In phrase fri a.¤ (báis) at the point of death: robái fri feba cach thucht / a ben Eua fria iducht i.e. at his deathbed to receive his last words, SR 2028 . dollotar fir . . . / . . . fria hedacht `to receive her last behest', Metr. Dinds. iv 148.40 . cach bean fri hudacht mbais, Laws v 454.28 Comm. nā bad marb hé co mbeith-som fria hudacht a báis that he should not die till C. should be at his deathbed, BColm. 46.16 . erbaidh do A. co mbeth F. ria udhacht, Lism. L. 2885 . in tan robui Alax. fria hidhacht a bais i mBáibiloin when A. was dying, Alex. 1108 . fā[g]bhuim-si an peacthach bochd reum udhachda báis, Parrth. Anma 5877 . Note also: audacht .i. uath fri feacht .i. antan tēte in duine fri fecht n-ūatha .i. bāis, Corm. Y 38 .

In more general sense: do ním d'udhachta ar a fhuil / a cumhachta gur cubhuidh `I solemnly attest his race', Arch. Hib. i 91 § xv . fa hí ughachta mhóráin / nár dhíol róghráidh ar ndáinne `many protested', Studies 1918. 617 § 3 . ?budh árus ócch d'udhachtuibh, Acall. (Leabh. ó Laimhsgr.) i 218.3 .

n iā, f. (adbal) vastness, greatness: co naidbli a slógaid, Fél. Dec. 19 . a.¤ n-dinge / ainble angluinne, TBC-LL¹ 5637 . ar immad a necnai ┐ ar aidbhli a noclach, LL 217bx ( TTr. 67 ). ar a med ┐ ar a na.¤ , MR 66.17 . re haidhbhliu na fedmann, CCath. 5872 . re haidbli in airlig, TTebe 1910 . go bfionnaid cách ar n-aidhbhle, ML² 942 . dursan do mhartra, a Mheic Dé / eagal linn aidhbhle an fhínné, Aithd. D. 92.1 . ar aidhbhle a eolusa, Geneal. Tracts 6.4 . d'aibhle an uabhair, L. Cl. A. B. 270.1 . In chevilles: aidbli bann with full many feats, Sc.M² 21(k) . a.¤ gal, CRR § 4 . aidhbhle réimeann, Keat. iii 1675 . aidblib ṅgleo, Ériu v 222.46 . aidblib níad, 223.61 . ? to- aidbli (MSS iubla, aibli, aibne), éisc i sruthaib -snáither 'with abundance of fish it is swum in streams' Ériu xxx 197 (Audacht Morainn) .

n also baicet neck: baicead .i. braige `cervix', Goid. 75 § 13 (Dúil Laithne). b.¤ .i. bráighe, O'Cl. sīn Morainn . . ./ 'mo b. a lō dālo, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, 93 § 25 .

n i, m. Earlier cimbid. Later cimme; cimeach, TSh. 120 etc. cimbi, Trip.² 1938 and cime (: Seinchille), LL 394.38 are perh. nn. loc. cimidh m., IGT Decl. § 52 .

Captive, prisoner, condemned person (somet. one fated to die, victim): cimidh .i. bráigh, O'Cl. cimbith .i. a cimba (= cumba) .i. ō nōi enseche indi fri bās no longuis, O'Mulc. 225 , based on cimbith (cimba, MS.) quasi cimba ( cymba , LB) .i. ōn nōi ōenṡeiched, Corm. Y 229 where the reference is to Charon's boat. am cimbid-se `a captive', Wb. 27c22 . ciarpsa cimbid, 30a6 . cimbithi gl. uincti, Ml. 107d2 . cimbidi .i. (e)os quos custodiebant , Thes. i 498.35 (Ardm.). dilse cimbetho gl. Iesum flagillatum, 484.3 . cechaing cēim cimbetho `he went the way of a captive', Celtica vi 232.33 (ZCP viii 306.29 ). tromdér . . . / oc coíniud an chimbetho (of crucified Christ), Blathm. 528 . mac an tṡáir, cain cimbid, Fél. Aug. 14 . ba cain cimbith, Blathm. 491 . in lecfide in cimbid (of one condemned to death), Vita Br. 32 . cleireach lasa marbtar c.¤ `a cleric by whom a captive is killed', Mon. Tall. 158.17 . eirr broga Murthemni millsit ammaiti dich.¤ n-etain, LL 14234 (in rhetoric). nī cen chimbedu no beind / do macaib Fer Lugach lonn, Ériu ix 45 § 3 . 'na cimmidib cumrechtai (of sons of Jacob), SR 3562 . c.¤ ergna . . . Barabas, PH 3258 . cimidh go gceird nathrach, Aithd. D. 70.26 . in fogmoir buí ina cime lais `who was his captive', Stair Erc. 711 .

Legal: niba díles do nech guin an chimbidh acht don tí frisi ndéni cion, Ériu xiii 45.28 (g s. chimedha, 26 ). ni cria do baeth . . . do mnaí, do cimid, Laws iii 58.6 .i. is dilsech bais, 22 Comm. cro cimeda `the death of a captive', v 236.12 . log .vii. cumal niath .i. lógh cimedha, ar is cimidh ind aitiri iar ndithmaim fuirri, Bürgschaft 24 § 67 . fer forgaib cimbid cen aurlúd (in list of people fit to prepare food for a king), Críth G. 557 . iarmoracht . . . cimidhi (regarded as an exemption), Laws i 266.22 . secht necmachta ratha la féine: mug, cumul, c.¤ . . . , glossed .i. duine fuaslaicter ó bás, O'D. 2074 .

More specifically victim : cimbid gl. anathema, Wb. 4b30 (see note in Thes.). ni dlegar c.¤ dom cheniul `it is not right that one of my family be sacrificed as a victim' (said by each one of the Connacht host when asked to fight Cú Chulainn), LU 6684 = TBC-LL¹ 2855 . nimmó na dán cimbeda ro thoegat (said by Medb of the Ulstermen), TBC-LL¹ 5120 . ? Cf. a Morainn . . . a mochta co trebar co caomar cimedha .i. cethra, O'Curry 2897 ( Eg. 88, 91b ) = cotrebar, cocaemar cimedha .i. cethra `let the captives . . . be secured(?), be doubled(?)', O'Dav. 1535 .

n (Lat. circulus). Also cercal(l), -uil(l), -ail(l) etc. In old exx. usually o, m., but gender and inflection vary. Circle, orbit, zone : circal .i. a circulo .i. roth, Corm. Y 263 . fubíth doṅgníat cercol ocondocbáil gl. apsidas (Gr.), BCr. 18d2 . atcess in circall imon ṅgrein (at birth of Christ), LB 132b41 . .vii. circalla conuicci ind Trinoid ┐ aighi (= uidhe) mile bliadhna tigi cacha circailla dib, Irish Texts i 24.x-y . circull tentide . . . imón tír sin, LU 1987 ( FA 5 ). Loch Lein; ceathra chircilla uime .i. chircall sdain, ┐ chircall luaighi, ┐ chircall iarind, ┐ chircall uma, Todd Nenn. 220.n. doniat circlu dib (of serpents winding about person's body), Aen. 492 . re hais gcearcaill na cruinne (: seantruim) (ccearcholl : seantrom v.l.), Studies 1918, 281 § 12 . spéar gréine na (= 'na) cearcuill (: chruinn), Content. v 40 . tricha circull airccit bhain (of the thirty pieces of silver), BNnÉ 101.21 . cearcall clár ndearg, DDána 119.18 .

In phr. c.¤ bodba attacking circle (of foes): focheird in circul ṁ-bodba sin morthimchell chethri n-ollchoiced ṅ-hE., TBC-LL¹ 2645 = in circul modba, LU 6504 . daronad circull bodba impo d'ogbaid na hAffraici, CCath. 3147 . Of defensive armour: ic ecur a airthossaig di chressaib ┐ de chirclaib cruaidíairn (of ship), LL 30953 ( TTr. 135 ). circaill cithneimneach cláriarnaighi uime (of warrior), CF² 933 . Of ornaments etc. : maelch.¤ oír co clucinib fo bragit cech eich díb, TFerbe 14 . inar . . . co circlaib óir ┐ arcait, Manners and Customs iii 161 n. amail circáill ḟeta (of the Id Morainn), IT iii 190 § 15 . robói cercuil imma medhon amail cnis (? leg. cris) fhir chollnaigh, Cóir Anm. 140 . mo ḟail-si 'na circaill teintidhe imo braghait, RC xxvi 364.7 .

Hoop of barrel, vat etc. : sreth di muntorcaib óir . . . mar chirclu dabcha, LU 1710 ( RC ix 476.14 ). do dénam circall de to make hoops of it (of bones of a whale), Laws i 134.31 Comm. in chetna dabach . . . ro díscáil da cláraib ┐ da circlaib, TBC-LL¹ 1366 = ro disgaoil a clair ┐ a ciorcla, St. ro mheabhattar a cciorcaill dona lestraibh, Ériu xiii 24.28 .

Note also: amhail do-ní an togharmach san chiorcaill aníu `in the circus', Keat. ii 5453 . an chiorcuil lochtach vicious circle (logical fault), Luc. Fid. 4445 . a chearcall teintidhe tréan (a chief), Magauran 431 .

In n. loc.: Cnoc in chircaill, Acall. 6447 .

o, ā (clith). Later also cluthar, clothar, cluthair.

adj I sheltering, protective : ro scucsat iarsin i nglend ┐ i fidbaid clicair, BB 496a39 . cuan cluthar, comdaingen, ZCP vi 294.23 . fidh cluthur caointortach, Grail 3695 . lucht na mbrat gclúmhach gcluthar, Hackett lvi 49 . suadhach shámhghlan shármhaith shearccluthair (epithet of a woman), xii 11 . an treabh chumhthach . . . / cluthair a grádh liom go luan `will by me be warmly loved', Ó Bruad. ii 130 xviii . ? roir dom . . . .x. mbruit cuinsce c.¤ , Ériu ii 4.17 (cheville?). Adv. protectively, closely(?): bīaid relec d'arc[h]anglib / im c[h]lūain co clothur (clothaib, MS.), BColm. 30.22 (: atlochur). dfhagháil cumainn go cluthar ó dhaoinibh, Hackett xxxix 188 . clothar .i. toghaidhe no toghtha, O'Cl.

II As subst. o, m.

(a) shelter, covert, fastness : mor fer ro boí com iarraid / eter chlitar is diamair, LU 3938 ( SCC 44 ) (`both roof and hidden place', SC2 n.). gáir na Gairbe, c.¤ fid, SG 366.3 ( LL 297b50 ). gēsid ōs caille c.¤ above the fastness of the wood, IT iii 67 § 2 . i clithor .i. i mbuaile, O'Curry 1464 ( H 3.18, 651 ). c.¤ mbaiscaill .i. buaili, Auraic. 5551 . c.¤ boiscell kenning for quert apple-tree in Bríatharogam , Auraic. 5552 (cf. clithc[h]ar boscill .i. eilit nó geilt, Anecd. iii 43.16 ). fidbuid . . . / re haltrom én [n-]ilgothach / ria c.¤ dia cleith `hiding it with its shelter', Ériu i 39 § 3 . ō c[h]luthraib crīc[h] ┐ ō f[h]osgaduib iath, ML² 666 . do-rataid a long ar feisted a cluthur an cuain, Grail 3298 . as cluchar a coillte, BCC 282.17 .

In n. loc. ro láiset a nernail búair ┐ braite seoco fodess i C.¤ Bó Ulad, TBC-I¹ 1774 . hi C.¤ Fidbaidi hi Commur Cetharsliged, LU 8510 ( FB 36 ). pl. Clothrén i maigh Chliach atá. is úadh Cluithri Chlíach, Cóir Anm. 195 . in tan bátar hi Cluichrib, LU 5403 (TBC) = cluithrib, TBC-I¹ 926 .

(b) Fig.

(i) protection, shelter : is ruca don righ olc do dhenumh . . . is ina chlit[h]ur imteit cach, O'Curry 478 (H. 3.18, 249). fer gonur fia sochuide, cia tuilledh for slogh fiadh ndéntur, no as a clithor a ndéntur, O'D. 545 ( H 3.17, 435 ).

(ii) Of a prince, protector, refuge: clet[h]ar sēt .i. rī[g]-sēt, ar is ainm do rīg isin Dūil Feda Māir c.¤ , Corm. Y 209 . is e in t-ard-ḟlaith hUa Ainmirech c.¤ dana craeb coibneasa ro raidsiumar romaind, MR 98.x . ata triath os cionn Ruarcach / . . . / isse cleathar is cuibhdhe, H 3.18, 766.22 . ? c.¤ .i. urachill, ut Udhacht Morainn: ar clitharsidhe (? sīdhe) sgeó thuatha, Ériu xiii 67 § 69 ; cf. ZCP xi 97 § 60 .

In phr. c.¤ sét appar. the `sét' of highest value, a milch-cow, an in-calf cow or a ploughing ox. `sheltering sét' or `insurance sét' Plummer MS. notes (comparing gell tóirithnech). clithar sēt. Alii dicunt do mbad ainm do boin inlāig .i. arindī doceil a llōeg n-inde [quod non est uerum, sed uerius] Clet[h]ar sēt .i. rī[g]-sēt, Corm. Y 209 . clithear set, slaindte forgu na nuile .i. cleithe ar set .i. loilgech, Laws iv 28.4 , and 16 Comm. c.¤ sed .i. laulgach no daum timchella aratar no buo inlaoge, O'Curry 852 ( H 3.18, 386b ). Also sét clithair (attrib. g s.): ro saig set clithair enech bo-airech coruicce cumal n-uinge no boin nu-da-craid, Laws v 392.1 . set clithair gill ainech boairech inna muin, 390.z . .i. clethe or na sed, gellas tinchaib (= do inchaib) in boairech mailli ris imuig .i. in lulgach, 392.14 Comm.

Compds. With noun. a cliotharchuan D. sheltered harbour, Hugh Roe² 6.11 . do clithardiamaire (sic leg.) an inuid, Acall. 2332 v.l. (do dhiamhair, text).

With adj. cuan cobhsaidh. cluthardaingen, ZCP vi 28.y . in cheirt combrec clithar-diabultae (sic leg.) bui uime, Anecd. iv xiv 27 (`? folded as a covering', Plummer MS. notes). tresna coilltib clithirdiamraib `with their secret shelters', TTebe 312 . tug corn . . . a clithardíamuir a édaig `hidden shelter', Fianaig. 58.17 . rotheichset fo clithárdiamraibh in tíri, CCath. 1249 . fo chailltib clithardlúithe `close-sheltering', Fianaig. 52.11 . mo chroinn . . . cliothardhlúithe, Buile Ṡ. 82.x . imdatuigethar celt clithargarb finna, LU 7732 (BDD). cuan cluthar-mīn Celga, ML² 721 . a da sgiath corcra clithir mora, ZCP x 306.23 .

n (námae) (see O'Rahilly, Ériu xiii 213 ) fellow-fighter: at- a mórchatha for crícha comnámat -cuiredar 'he dispatches his great battalions towards the boundaries of his fellow-fighters', Instructions for Kings 371 § 11 (Audacht Morainn). do chomhnámhaid do chleamhnaoi / cruinnigh fad chéibh n-imealnaoi `thy battle-allies', TD 2.9 . aurslaid crícha comnart comnámat cen Ultu imbi, LU 8291 ( FB 22 ). See comnámaí.

(see greimm) vn. of con-greinn. apparel, equipment; appearance, bearing : congraim .i. culaidh .i. culaidh .i. glés no gliocas, O'Cl. a crúth a écosc a chongraim, LU 8588 ( FB 44 ). 8326 . crúth chéill chongraimmim, 8302 . coṅgraim n-án ferdaide forro `of splendid manly appearance', TBC-LL² 3696 . a ndrechta togai, a metrida āille, a congrimma, Ériu iv 163.18 . fo chongraimimm cháin .i. brat uanide léine . . . (of Fergus), LL 32893 , cf. ACL iii 5.22 . hi comgraim rigna, LU 10313 . ba dochruid a congraim `his apparel' (of Dagda), RC xii 86 § 93 . fo lántrela[m] gaiscid ┐ chongrami, TTr.² 1095 . ? congreim . . . fo coir a congrema, O'D. 2201 (Nero A vii, 139b). Cf. a Morainn a mainigh a mochda, moruath anfis congrem natirus, 924 ( H 3.17, 656 ). Fig. congraim lag (chev.) a poor show, Content. vi 135 . In title of tale: Craeb ingen Congarmna (Congrama, v.l.), Anecd. ii 56.7 .

u, later o, m. vn. of con-suidi, whence properly act of placing together, arranging, establishing, setting up; checking, restraining ; but used vaguely and in such a wide variety of applications as to render classification difficult and uncertain.

In follg. act of checking, restraining : c.¤ co numlai restraint, ZCP iii 447.4 = castót, Celtica viii 58.1 (earlier reading than c.¤ , note). a ch.¤ i Temraich `he was checked', Ann. Inisf. 840 (see note). tenga do c[h]., ZCP viii 231 § 4 . in nert . . . / na fētaider cosc na c.¤ , RC xxxvi 262 § 6 . c.¤ ruirech a match for (?), TBC-LL² 492 (`sustainer'). re c.¤ ┐ re cúrsuchad a cheli, MR 224.15 . ? Ísa Críst costadha, ZCP viii 204.w . a comdail . . . mait[h]e chostaidh an caomh-sluaig `the sturdy chiefs', Celt. Rev. iv 110.21 .

With follg. IMM (stereotyped expr.): ba c.¤ im churaid sain ┐ bá tairisem im thigerna, LL 32761 (`a halting', TTr. 1971 ). ba cosdad im righ leo ┐ ba treass im dam ndilend taking a stand (?), BB 435a25 . ba costudh imm righ costudh imbe (of Hector), ZCP xxx 65.1210 . c.¤ im dagḟlaith `good behaviour', Tec. Corm. 4.4 . mithig frim c[h]orp . . . / costad im chrābud to engage in (?), ACL iii 311 § 5 . With cath, etc.: fri catha castud (: astud) `beim Ordnung der Schlacht', Ält. Ir. Dicht. 39 § 6 ( Corp. Gen. 2.31 ). co nderna costadh catha, CCath. 3072 . cath gan chostadh `without check', Caithr. CC 54 . C. re costad catha, MR 150.7 . itir ch.¤ ┐ chorugad catha, 214.16 . ba costadh sloigh iar sraoineadh forra (of person), Hugh Roe² 54.y . With cenn: in cend costuda ┐ in cirriud mór-ṡlúaig (of Cú Chulainn) `supporting leader', TBC-LL² 397. 658 . a ccenn costadha ┐ comhairle, Hugh Roe² 182.32 . Cf. c.¤ Ulad `the men of Ulster', TBC-LL² 2421 . With feis, fled: c.¤ feisi for feoil tairb Dairi (of prohibitions of king of Ulster) `to celebrate . . . ', Leb. Cert. 6.3 . rocoraidhid . . . cách . . . im ch.¤ na fledhi, Ériu v 234.36 .

Behaviour, manner : ar ro bói drochc.¤ is'taig, there was trouble inside, Sc.M² 17 . dorōnsad . . . na slúaigh micostadh .i. a aonbhó do mharbhadh `maltreated (him)', RC xxiv 46 n.14 . is ē trā c.¤ inna clērchechta ` practice ', Celtica viii 58.12 ( ZCP iii 448.8 ). de déscin cathai ┐ cosdotha Túath nDéa 'to reconnoitre the battle and the practices of the Túatha Dé', CMT² 56 § 124​ . ? báig ┐ ch.¤ , TBC-LL² 4302 (`contention'). Appearance : is rígda in c.¤ , LU 7065 (BDD). cinnas do aith[g]ēnmais in degmnái? Asa deilb ┐ asa c.¤ , ZCP viii 112.22 . cech dírim i ndegaid araile for oenchóe fó oench.¤ , LL 31086 `in one guise', TTr. 267 . eter lín ┐ ch.¤ ┐ timthaige, TBC-LL² 4330 . ? cinnus in tsloig ┐ in chostaid atchondcatar, RC xxi 318 § 43 ` usage '.

Miscellaneous: ? ruc do chaithrib (chathrachaib, MSS.) c.¤ clārach, Bruchst. 6 § 4 . ? fora chostathaib cuicilche arechta rān riuth, ZCP xi 93 § 28 . cinsiu di churp ríg sceó rígnai / richt for caíni c.¤ , LU 8283 (rhet. FB 22 ). hi c.¤ forchaíni, 10312 . in c.¤ febda fedes `excellent restraint', Ériu ii 65 § 9 . cunnlacht an c[h]ostudha, ZCP viii 200.13 . costadh, ceōl, cumsanadh celebration (?), 204.8 . c.¤ réil `clear arrangement', RC xxvi 24 § 84 . cert cech cana ┐ costaid, Metr. Dinds. iii 18.214 v.l. do ch.¤ mo lenna ┐ do chathim mo bíd `to consume ', TBC-LL² 898 . co fáiter i nEmain ra c.¤ a ríg ┐ ra bréthir a flatha `at the behest', 4104 . feochra costoda, 4661 . níam .i. dath ut est costadh néime .i. fasta[d] iarcae in datha `the staying of niam', O'Dav. 1295 . costad sída .i. nin sen (letter n in Briatharogam Morainn), Auraic. 5543 , 4270 . cosdudh sidha uindis `a check on peace', 1174 . c.¤ sida `establishing peace', RC xxvi 24 § 72 . ar cill Ciarain do chostad occo `because C.C. was disputed (?) by them', Fél. 88.14 . ic dún Chairin cét c.¤ `of a hundred feastings', Metr. Dinds. iii 278.31 . sgol 'n-a cosdadh ós mo chionn `in ordered rank', Aithd. D. 1.28 . ? co facadar ann ar castadh / teine ar lasadh thuas na thaigh, SG 22.z . do bai-sem ┐ a costad ar mullach in chairn `he kept to his position', Ann. Conn. 1230.6 . co rochtain dóibh gus an ccosttadh ┐ gus an ccomnart ` camp ', AFM iv 1936.w . isé Ciarán ro uraib (leg. -l) dóibh air Chill Ch. do chostadh aici ar tus `to grant him', Miscell. Celt. Soc. 22.3 .

n [iā, f.] (cruinn)

(a) roundness, rotundity: round mass : ind tóraind .i. cruindae no dirge gl. ex qualitate . . . figurae, Sg. 3b18 . cruinde gl. figura . . . nucis, BCr. 36d2 . sīn Morainn .i. ar a cruinde, O'Mulc. 854 . 'na c.¤ slaedaighti lump, MR 260.2 .

(b) universe, world : cruinde, cruine (sg. only), m. and f., IGT Decl. § 1 . ríge ac hua D.T. ar in ch.¤ , Stud. Hib. iv 71 § 57 . i n-póngc medonach do-n chruinde, ZCP xvii 229.27 . a cethar aird na cruinde, PH 7198 . fan cc.¤ cain, Ériu xvii 24 § 32 . an ch.¤ ché, Ir. Syll. Poetry 38 § 6 . an chruine (: duine), IGT Decl. ex. 14 . clár na c.¤ , ex. 16 . Ceard na c.¤ , TSh. 887 . Hence in phr. isin ch.¤ (anywhere) at all (cf. 1 bith, 1 domun): in cach crích isin chrunni everywhere, LL 31000 ( TTr. 181 ). re haenduine isin cruinde anybody at all, Stair Erc. 709 . aonní as treisi san cc.¤ , Párl. na mB. 4193 . níl críoch san cc.¤ , 4102 .

(c) thrift, hoarding, niggardliness : cruine co foichlighe, ZCP iii 27.33 ( Ériu vii 172.9 ). a uile ilmaine . . . ara ṅdentar cruinde ┐ cessacht, Acall. 6335 (cf. LU 1760 ). nochonḟidir mac duine / cía cá ndēnand a c[h]ruinne collection, ZCP vii 303 § 9 . ? lór do dhuine fan digh cuisg / cruine an ḟir um an amuisg, IGT Decl. ex. 1039 . gan ch.¤ um chrodh, Magauran 1905 .

Compd. lán duirn de chruinnechloich round stone , E. O'Rah. 296.y .

n o, m. (O.Ir. froích, W. grug) fraech (an tsléibhe) IGT, Decl. § 96 .

(a) heather, and in wider sense low scrub growing on moorland, including bilberries, etc. g s. inna dærcae froích , gl. vaccinia Sg. 49a10 ; cf. derce ruich (vaccinia) Thes. ii 48.11 = derce roig, 360 (leg. ḟruīch, ḟroīg). f.¤ .i. brucus `heather' Ir. Gl. 565 . f.¤ (one of the losa feada `herb-trees'), Laws iv 148.1 . Auraic. 1157 . fraoch, fraech ` heather, ling ' Hog. Luibhl. pursibatum Timus .i. bilur Muiri .i. f.¤ , ACL i 334 § 30 (a water-plant ? See fochloc). donarlaic ... isin fraech, LL 114a18 ( ScM. 20 ). antrenn .i. sliab fraich ┐ aiteann asuiduig (= assuidiu) `a heathy mountain and furze upon that' Laws iv 276.20 Comm. ni dechaid fráech ... inna béolu (of a cow) LU 8123 ( FB 9 ). ro lommair seom in fróech isin maigin, Trip. 92.9 (1020) . baile ... aénaig in tulach sin. nicon ro fhás f.¤ na aiten na fidh fuirre, Ériu xi 50 . cosmhuil ris an bhfráoch annsa bhfásach, Jerem. xvii 6 . guth circe fráoich an tsleibhe, BS 152 .

(b) a heath, moor: inis aluinn ... f.¤ ferglas ina medhón RC xiv 54y . In n. l.: do taraill le F.¤ nAirend ... conid F.¤ Slemna a ainm di sodoin, Dinds. 113 (= LL 168a27 ). do loisc ó fhráoch go tuinn ... `he burned ... from the heather to the sea' Duan. F. ii 320 . Hence in wide sense of an expanse, indefinite tract or distance: baí acum dar fraech immach | cóeca ingen, LU 3980 ( SCC 45 ; `über die Heide begleiteten mich' Thurn., Sagen 102 ). ní rontétlai fiad dar f.¤ `no quarry escaped him over the heather' Metr. Dinds. iii 158 . dlighidh righ Fear Luirg ... trí heich áilli tar ard ḟ.¤ `from over the deep sea' (= from abroad ? or [for riding] over the moor ?] Leb. Cert. 132.14 = for ardḟ.¤ , BB 274b8 . ruc a curach for fraech fairge, Anecd. i 52 § 15 (hardly 2 fráech, fine weather being implied); ib. 57 § 56 v.l.; cf. tar fraich Erb (.i. Alba [Alban ?] ZCP v 487 § 12 (B. na f.).

(c) transf. of anything rough or bristling: cuiris f.¤ a dromo a n-airde (of a boar), Fianaig. 66.7 . soichfidh crú tar fraoch fuilt `over dishevelled hair' ML 122.7 . Cf. ar ḟraoch th'fuilt ... do earmuis gaoth puirt Parrthais, 23 H 8, 60 (Skene, Celtic Scotland iii 424 ). f.¤ frithrosc (name of a species of Ogham in which the letters of two groups were interchanged in inverse order) : ogam rind fri derc .i. f.¤ f.¤ , Auraic. 5994 . cf. 6008 . See frithrosc.

(d) the Ogham name for the letter u : ur .i. fraech, Auraic. 1195 , cf. gruidem dál .i. fraech, Anecd. iii 43x (Briatharogum Morainn ; not in the Auraic. version).

(e) npr. m. Fróech mac Idaith, LL 248a12 = Fraech mac Fidaig, YBL 55b47 . Froech, TBC-I¹ 741 . , Fráech, LU 5224 , etc. Fraech, AU 496 . Froech s.o. Cuscraid, Rawl. 161a38 . a s. Fraich, Rawl. 161b2 . v s. Fraích, LU 5221 . g s. Froich, TBC-I¹ 760 . Fraích, LU 5236 = Fruich, TBC-I¹ 759 . See Onom. s.v. Ath F.¤ , Carn F.¤ , Síd F.¤ & cf. Nia (Nat) F.¤

Compds.

(a) with subst. : fraoch-choileach ` grouse ' P. O'C. (cf. cerc ḟraích). ¤finna coarse or shaggy hair: tría fróechfinnu (-findfad v.l.) ferb, BDD 130 ( LU 7733 ). ¤mag a heathy plain: an Fraochmagh, ML 72.20 ( ML² 1038 ). ¤mes ` heath-fruit' (bilberries, etc.). fraechmeas Brig Leithi Leb. Cert. 2 . ¤madra heath-dog, wolf (?) : fána fraochmhadraibh, TSh. 5698 (2 fráech ?). ¤dond : co Fingin fergga fráechdond ` heather-brown ' Metr. Dinds. iv 336 .

(b) with adj. : ? ¤lethan : (as npr. m.) Findchad ... mac Fraechlethain, TBC-LL¹ 4760 (Traiglethain St) = Fraeglethain LL 262a9 ( MU² 36 , traig-, traidh- v.l.). ¤mín (epithet of hair) : barr fraechmin ... ar laechraid Luchra, SG 241.24 .

See also froíchne.

v (glé). Trans. & Intrans.

(a) Trans. makes clear, purifies (in phys. sense and fig.): cruth ron-glea a form that may purify us, Fél. Jan. 5 . gleam ar les ria n-aidche let us make our lights clear..., Auraic. 5097 . ocht n-airic[h] go ngolaige | rongléat go grīan may they make clear to us to the depths, ZCP vi 271 § 1 . srotha ionnallta an iomais | do ghlé mé m'oige eisdibh `I purified my poetic learning in them,' Content. xxii § 17 n. adorns (?): Āed ... co ngelblaid glinn glēthe rann, Bruchst. § 127 ( AFM i 252.11 [an. 1004]).

(b) Intrans. clears up, becomes clear or bright: o roglé an lá cona lanṡoilsi, Hugh Roe § 41 (21b) . Fig. an gartoirear far ghlé Conn `... where Conn was made famous,' Studies 1919, 258 § 17 . co ro gle (sic leg.) itir maithre ocus aithre, Laws i 192.14 = co roglea, O'Curry 800 ro ( H 3.18, p. 371b ). bá-sa ... i n-imṡnim mor ... co ro glé dam till I made up my mind (lit. till it became clear to me), IT i 98.16 . ? To this: gle .i. tife nó toingfe ut est gle fo erc n-ebron, O'Dav. 1026 ; cf. no. 773 and O'Mulc. 635.

(c) Trans. in fig. sense: clears up, decides (a question, dispute, etc.): co ro gleus an comtapairt sen till I had cleared up that doubt, IT i 98.16 n . coroglethe a mbrethugud, LU 8472 ( FB 33 ); 8751 ( FB 56 ). gleithir eturru a settlement is made between them, LL 118a4 . o rogléset ... a córu, TTr.² 1827 . rogle sen in curadhmir do Coin C. he adjudged ... to C., Dinds. 106 . Isaac fri dead n-aissi | glead gnima glangaisse, SR 2830 . an idh sin Morainn nó ghléedh fírinne do chách, Cóir Anm. 107 . glefid dia edruind, Ériu v 236.59 . dia nglēifidher cech caingen when every question will be solved, iii 29 § 4 . ní gleter dala lasna Déisi acht ind aidchi matters are not decided ..., Trip. i 208.23 = lvi 23 . gleithe[r] ria cach she is settled with before everyone, Laws i 138.20 Comm. fiadain ... .i. glees a n-imresain, ii 332.29 Comm. ní rogleithi gubretha, O'D. 535 ( H 3.17, c.432 ). co rogleiter (.i. co rodeili[g]ter)..., O'Curry 374 ( H 3.18, 208a ). is and gléther cert ime, O'D. 1653 ( H 5.15, 22b ). ara glethea cath Almain when the battle of A. was decided ? TFrag. 48.14 . Of computations: deich cunia co leir cia gléis..., SR 766 . léir rothuirmisemar ar crónic | cia noṅgléëd (sic leg.), Todd Nenn. 268.328 ( LL 135a23 ). cea noglea, 250.216 ( LL 134b 18 ). Of the Annalist Flann: ro glé tre a gním a guth | ré cach ríg do réidiugud `dessen Stimme hat durch ihre Tat es zu Stande gebracht,' ZCP x 271 V .

(d) concludes, finishes up, is done with: o ro glé ... a scrútan uli inna menmain, LU 8108 ( FB 8 ). o roglé a toisc, RC v 203 § 27 . o rogleset in les frisa tancatar when they had completed the work ..., Lism. L. 2030 . innisidh M. do uile mar do ghlé isin Róimh how he had completed his affairs (?), SG 32.18 . go ro gle dó a caithim uile till he had eaten it all up, BNnÉ 300 § 3 . Cf. Fél. 92.40 . o roglé dó indred ind ídhailtaighe, TTr.² 506 . co ro glea dó a foropoir indhí sin till that man's special business be finished, Mon. Tall. § 16 . is buide lem ronglēos I have done with it, Otia i 126.20 .

n i, m. , later f. (see Bidrag 45.10 ) n s. in idh , O'Curry 518 (< H 3.18, p. 261a ). id iarnaidi, TBC-LL¹ 1229. int id , TBC-I¹ 262. ind id , 259 . g s. edha, Laws v 188 n. 3 . inn eda , TBC-LL¹ 565. ind idi (St. na hidi ), TBC-LL¹ 580. ige, KMMisc. 168 § 8. na hidhe , Keat. ii 3660. n p. ? na idai , ZCP viii 103.y . a n-idi , TBC-LL¹ 3825. idhe, IGT Decl. ex. 1295. a p. na hidhe , RC xix 272 § 195. g p. idheadh, DDána 106 § 36. go n-ilmhét n-egh , Rel. Celt. ii 232.11 . na n-edh , 226.3 . n du. in da id , Laws v 484.18 Comm. See idh, IGT Decl. § 14.8 .

(a) a hoop-shaped object, a withe (bound around some object): tópacht ... cétbunni darach ... ┐ doringni i.¤ de ... ┐ tuc in n-i.¤ im chael in chorthe, TBC-LL¹ 563 - 5 . cid frisifarcbad int i.¤ , TBC-I¹ 262. in n-ogum bōi isinn ith, 252 . gabsat oc fegad ind idi barbarda, TBC-LL¹ 580. in da i.¤ ┐ in leithri `the two withes,' Laws v 484.18 Comm. (gl.: bir-crand treige n-urcomail, 482.28 ). Of the withe put round an anvil when distraining on a smith: darin n-i.¤ im indeoin, O'Curry 518 (< H 3.18, p. 261a ), cf. gat im indeoin, Laws ii 118.22 Comm. idh lúptha um cengal céchta, IGT Decl. ex. 959.

(b) a fetter, a chain, a spancel: an idh im cois in crochaire, Laws v 188.23 Comm. um dunta edha im cois in cimeda, ib. n. 3 . risin i.¤ luim, risin slabrad, i 106.20 Comm. firend .i. id bis im c[h]olpa niad, Corm. Y 586. i.¤ iarnaidi na thimchiull ┐ i.¤ niachais éside, TBC-LL¹ 1229. slabrad imo braigid ┐ i.¤ tre na slabraidi tria coirthi toll, BB 134b41 . i slabhradh nó i n-idh iaruinn, TD 9 § 24. gan bheith san idh ní háil liom `my wish is to be in bonds,' Dán Dé ix 2. idh geimhle cháigh do choimhdhe `the chain of the world's salvation,' Aithd. D. 64 § 32. idh cháol chimidh, IGT Decl. ex. 1330. na hidhe iaruinn dobhí asan droichid `the chains of iron,' RC xix 272 § 195. idh do cheir fa eitibh eóin, Rel. Celt. ii 228.32 . Of horses: ro maidset a n-idi ┐ a n-erchomail (here id by itself seems=id fata, see below), TBC-LL¹ 3825. ? i.¤ ara ḟastas cech ech | a ellma as dech do cech rath, Ériu ix 47 § 18. ? cuma leis [in] eich na idai immbi [┐ in] c[h]onair forsa tēit (? sic leg.), ZCP viii 103.y .

id erchomail a spancel, a shackle between the forefeet: atnaig F. id n-erchomail tria a di pherid, LU 5697. asso ... i[n]d i.¤ n-irchomail duit i nduais t'airchetail, Anecd. i 8.14 . idh urchumail gl. trica, Ir. Gl. 279. i.¤ ercomail. quia eq[u]us in eo it .i. imthét, O'Mulc. 702. buiseom oc snim irchomail fo Grip .i. gabar Diarmada. Beir lat indn idh sea, Anecd. i 8.13 .

id fata the long spancel (i.e. hindfoot to forefoot) (Plummer MS. notes): i.¤ [ḟ]ata (sic leg.) (v.l. idh fata) aurslaicthi a ech, TBC-LL¹ 2539.

(c) a collar: a n-aimsir Ḟearadhaigh robói an idh Mhorainn, Cóir Anm. § 107. cosmhail barr a ghlaice gile | ré tarr slaite ige úaid `the thick part of the hoop of a torque (?),' KMMisc. 168 § 8. ar dhealgain a ghúalann gile | deargaidh búabhall idhe (v.l. ighe) óir a golden trumpet-shaped torque, IGT Decl. ex. 306. an iodh Morainn; agus do ba do bhuadhaibh na hidhe-se cibé do chuirfeadh fá na bhrághaid í ..., Keat. ii 3659 - 60 . ? To this: focheirded i.¤ n-óir immi, Metr. Dinds. iii 104.22 .

(d) a ring: do lámh gan idh órdaighthe | is céad fáinne fád bhráighid, Dánta Gr. 13.15 . iodh óir ... an tan do bhiadh a mhac chomh arrachta is go líonfadh a mhéar an iodh, Keat. ii 3382.

ringlet, curl: ciabh ... go n-ilmhét n-egh, Rel. Celt. ii 232.11 . folt i n-a óir-idhibh air, DDána 67 § 27. ar gach n-iodh d'idhibh a chúil, Studies 1941, 125 § 36 .

? To this: idh .i. foilghi no cumdach, Ériu xiii 80 § 277.

def. art. the. See GOI § 467 ff . Zeuss pp. 210 - 217 . Paradigm in O.Ir. Masc. Fem. Neut. Sing. N. in, int ind', in', int a n- A. in n-, -(s)in n- in n-, -(s)in n- a n-, -(s)a n- G. ind', in', int inna, na ind', in', int D. in' -(s)ind', ind', -(s)ind', in', ind', int, -(s)in', -(s)int, -(s)in', -nd', -n' -(s)ind', -(s)in', -nd', -n', -nt -(s)int, -nd', -n', -nt Plur. N. ind', in', int inna, na inna, na A. inna, na, -(s)na G. inna n-, na n- for all genders D. -(s)naib

The forms int, -nt, -(s)int are used before ṡ, except int of n s. masc. which occurs before vowels.

The forms na, inna g s. fem., n p. fem. and neut., and a p. of all genders, geminate follg. consonants and prefix h to vowels (but this h is very rarely written in O.Ir. Cf., however, inna hirise, Sg. 209b24 ).

Before the dual the art. always has the form in, -n except ind da la, Thes. ii 33.21 (Bv.).

The dat. forms without preposition, in, ind, int, occur in the formation of advv., see II (a) below.

Irregularities are not uncommon, e.g. ind for int, int for ind, etc. See Strachan, ZCP iv 62 - 3 and Zeuss, loc. cit.

The original initial s- appears only in the dat. and acc. after prepositions which originally ended in a consonant, with which it unites to produce -ss-, e.g. cossin n-óin, Wb. 2a21 . isin anmim, 9c30 . The s- does not remain after OC though this does not lenite a follg. subst. TRE lenites a subst. but the s- of the art. remains, perhaps through analogy. After FOR, which did not originally lenite, occur forms both with and without -s-, those with -s- being the more usual: forsin dígail, Wb. 1d2 . fornaib gnímaib, 5a5 . After prepositions originally and in O.Ir. ending in vowels both the initial s- and the vowel of the article are lost: ón bunud, Sg. 33b2 . dind insci, Wb. 5c16 . dont lathur, ib. With OC occur ocin(d) (so always in Wb.) and ocon(d); with IMM, immin and immun.

In medial position -nd- had become -nn- by the O.Ir. period but in a few archaic examples, -nd- is written: indá érrend gl. stigmata, Wb. 20d5 (a prima manu). inda fodb gl. exuias, Thes. ii 47.24 (see Thurneysen, ZCP iii 53 ). dundaib abstolaib, Thes. ii 247.12 (Camb.). dendibh Airgiallaib, AU i 178.8 (A.D. 726) . After prepositions the -n- is single even between vowels: cosnaib, frisna, donaib.

Occasionally even in the O.Ir. glosses the first syllable of the dissyllabic form is dropped, and this becomes the rule later: na teora persana, Wb. 9c30 . na cétne tuisten, 21b4 . na cetnae rainne, Sg. 18b1 . For other exx. see below. In the follg. instances from Sg., in (acc.) seems to have dropped out after -r and before a numeral, leaving an eclipsing n. etar ṅdi rainn `between the two parts,' Sg. 2b2 . etar ṅdá n-ulla , 45b19 . far n-óeṅdeilb `according to the same paradigm,' 90b2 . for n-óin ṅdeilb, 201b6 .

The forms in -d (ind, -sind, -nd) remain only before vowels and before lenited f, r, l, n and, in Wb., sometimes also before lenited m and b.

In forms such as dinab fochidib, Wb. 11b4 , dinab gabalib, 13d33 , arnab uilib cumactib, 21a13 , the quality of the final -b of the article is assimilated to that of the following initial. d p. forms without the final -b developed from such examples as donaballaib, Wb. 12b2 , huana fochaidib, Ml. 54a18 , hona mainénaib, 69c5 , where the final of the article became assimilated to a following initial labial. These forms, however, are still infrequent in the O.Ir. period. Three times in the glosses the n p. fem. and neut. form occurs as masc.: inna leomain, Ml. 80a10 . na tri recte, Wb. 29a16 . na sothe, Sg. 64a14 (see GOI § 309 ).

The art. is regularly sg. before collectives and personal numerals.

When an ordinal numeral adj. follows the art., in the older texts the inflection is regular: na dechmaide bliadna, IT iii 54 § 99. inna treisi dūalchae, ZCP iii 25.35 (but see 2 tress). inna cōicthe dūalche, 26.26 ; but later it varied, the masc. form of the art. being somet. used before a fem. noun: n s f. in ochtmad taidbsi, PH 6716 ; but cf. in cethramad taidbsi, 6702 . is í so in t-ochtmad plāg, 7653 . g s f. na hochtmadi oesi, 3582 . i gcionn an treas bliadhna, Keat. iii 1919.

The chief changes occurring in the form of the article in Mid.Ir. are

(i) The n p. masc. forms ind, in, int gradually disappear and are replaced by the forms common to the fem. and neut., inna, na.

(ii) By 1000 A.D., a n- in the n s. and a s. neut. has virtually disappeared, the only certain examples in SR being: a lleth n-aill, SR 5152 , a mbé, 5974 (see Strachan, Phil. Soc. Trans. p. 7 ).

(iii) -(s)naib in the d p. gives way to -(s)na.

(iv) the -d forms are less common.

(v) the monosyllabic na tends to displace inna.

In Mod. Ir. in, ind > an, an t-.

I Forms (divided into (a) forms from O.Ir. glosses, (b) forms from other texts).

Sing.

nom.

masc.

(a) in fer, Wb. 22c9 . in corp, Ml. 22d9 . in ball, Wb. 12b11 . in senduine, 27b8 . int athir, 4b13 .

(b) int othrus, Críth G. 47. in sluag, LU 4563. in t-ara, 4507 . in cing, 347 . in fer, PH 92. in t-espuc, 25 . in slog, 7237 . an samhradh, TSh. 6345. an t-adhaltrach, 6482 . an ciste, 2951 .

fem.

(a) ind leire, Wb. 13d15 . ind nóibe, 9c30 . ind rún, Ml. 45a3 . ind fáilte, Wb. 16b2 . in fírinne, 9c30 . ind almsan, 17a3 . in ben, 22c9 . ind bendacht, 19b15 . in tol, Ml. 18c9 . in chiall, Sg. 27a8 . int ṡillab, 25a1 . cf. ind sillab, 26a4 .

(b) ind ḟlaith, Críth G. 573. ind ingen, LU 4525. ind rígan, 5205 . ind lánamain, 5403 . in tslige, 5077 . inn orcuin, BDD² 493. ind aimser, PH 5032. in eclais, 86 . in tslanti, 275 . in rīghan, ML² 45. an aislinge, 69 . an chiall, TSh. 985.

neut.

(a) a n-accobor, Wb. 3d3 . a mbás, 15b28 . a teg n-oiged, 4a7 . a ndede n-isiu, Ml. 62c3 . a laithe, 21c3 . a folad, Sg. 3a2 . a rrind, 70b7 . a nnu-iedniss, Wb. 15b2 .

(b) a n-ag, LL 112b31 (Sc.MMD). a n-ude, LU 4866. a llá-sa, 5039 . in laa, 5057 . a llathe, 9743 . a n-ainm, 6182 . in n-écosc, PH 6442. a sessed ngrad, 6246 . (Cf. in t-ochtmad grad, 6251 ). in ainm, 672 . in iach-lind, 381 . in ní, 897 . ind ni, 5251 . an ni, 6194 .

Acc.

masc. and fem.

(a) frissin popul, Ml. 46b26 . trisin recht, 46c20 . in digail, 40c3 . in soscéle, Wb. 18c10 . frisin n-iarfaigid, Ml. 20c9 . in n-almsin, Wb. 16d7 . tresin n-aimsir, Sg. 188a26 .

(b) fón slóg, LU 4654. lasin n-íngin, 4522 . in domon ndron, 3566 . in mbelra, PH 2619. frisin ṅdeilb, 125 . in anmain, 2068 . romolsadar in t-ardrīg, ZCP v 25 § 10. ro gab naire in t-airdrigh, Stair Erc. 1135. gurab é Dia ... do-rinne an bás, TSh. 1052. an cheist, 2855 .

neut.

(a) a mbúaid , Wb. 11a6 . tresa n-acomol, Sg. 32a8 . trissa ndede-se, Ml. 123c5 . cossa laa-sa, Wb. 23a17 .

(b) isa tír, Imr. Brain § 62. a fér, LU 4733. lasa comérge, 4880 . isin n-ármag, 4943 . issa sudiu, 9080 . isi[n] sudi, 9082 . in n-aicned doennai, PH 179. in mboimm, 2373 .

Gen.

masc. and neut.

(a) in betho, Wb. 1a3 . in cháich, 2b11 . ind lóge, 3c1 . ind rechto, 15a34 . ind fir, 13a12 . ind ḟolaid, Sg. 28b19 . ind apstail, Ml. 26a2 . int soirtha, 46b26 . (cf. ind senduini, Wb. 27b8 . ind ṡrotho, Sg. 35b7 ). int srotho, Ml. 93b11 . in tairmchrutto, Wb. 15b6 .

(b) in muilt, Críth G. 73. in tairb, LU 4610. in chon, 5013 . in pheta eóin, 5289 . ind ríg, 4757 . in rothclessa, 8844 . ind laí, 4858 . in locha, 9098 . ind athig, 4684 . ind fir, 4765 . in tṡeuin, 4508 . ind rig, PH 4365. an fhir, 1177 . in apstail, 1991 . ind ecraibthig, 6062 . ind imdibe, 5652 . in t-sacairt, 2508 . in slaníceda, 5146 . an fhedhma, ML² 20 . ind fhir, TTebe 1544 . and fhir, 2433 . inn eich, 2278 . en foulachtae, CMT² 60 § 133 . an bhrátha, TSh. 1014. an tsein-reachta, 404 .

fem.

(a) inna deacte, Wb. 5c16 . inna flaithemnachtae, Sg. 2a1 . inna aidche, Ml. 21c3 . na aimsire, Sg. 188a28 . inna hirise, 209b24 .

(b) na llongsi, IT i 77.3 . na mmucci, LL 112b43 ( ScM. § 8 ). inna conaire, LU 4710. na glassi, 4797 . na haidche, 9058 . ina óidche, PH 1490. na hindsci, 6213 . na colna, TSh. 947. na haithne, 1009 .

Dat. m., f. and n.

(a) isin chétne tuiste, Wb. 1a1 . forsind immarmus, 1d2 . dind fiur, 22c9 . dind failti, Ml. 21c3 . isin anmim, Wb. 9c30 . huant firinni, Ml. 57d8 . isind laithiu, 21c3 . dont lathur, Wb. 5c16 . isint saltair, Ml. 23c19 . isind salm, 50d4 . isin biuth, Wb. 12c16 . dind béstatu, 5c16 . don duini, 4b3 . dond macc, 7c13 .

(b) don chath, LU 4557. isin phupull, 4620 . iarsind frecra, 4772 . don tslúag, 4570 . don ṡlúag, 4748 . dond ríg, BDD² 99. don ríg, 85 . asind aimsir, PH 4928. isin eclais, 3181 . don tsacart, 3140 . assin sinagoig, 110 . asind lucc, 4099 . donn ītadhach, ZCP viii 215 § 75. don fhíréan, TSh. 1146. don pheacthach, 1137 . don tsaidhbhir, 954 . san bhioth, 832 . (cf. san mbioth, 837 . san Sabboit, 4114 ).

Plur.

nom.

masc.

(a) in phreceptori, Wb. 5a2 . in chnamai, Ml. 22d7 . in pecthaig, 55d11 . ind rig, 85d10 . ind apstail, 42b7 . ind fir, Wb. 5a5 . ind ḟilid, Sg. 162a3 . int soirthi, Ml. 19b11 . inna leomain, 80a10 . na tri recte, Wb. 29a16 .

(b) na trí maccáin, Fél. Aug. 2. inna druing-sea, Fél. Ep. 285. (All other examples in Fél. follow strict O. Ir. paradigm, Stokes). inda sacairt, Mon. Tall. 134.11 . in doíni, TBFr. 55. na doíni, 306 . in maic, LU 4900. ind eich, 4733 . na heich, 5070 . in tṡlóig, 4609 . inn óicc, BDD² 896. na heóin, 142 . ind eolaig, PH 7313. in augtair, 6944 . na noim, 3649 . na hapstail, 1826 . inda hapstail, 5371 . ind apstail, 6720 . ind ēcis uile, Anecd. iv 93.10 (Corm.). na tri coicait, LL 114a29 ( ScM. § 21b ). na trenmilid, TTebe 4478 . na cinn, TSh. 73. na haidhmillte, 6088 .

fem. and neut.

(a) indá érrend (gl. stigmata), Wb. 20d5 (a prima manu). inna briathra, Ml. 22c5 . inna ancride, 27b15 . inna anmmann, Sg. 28b18 .

(b) na tigi, IT i 74.7 . inna buidne, LU 4685. na bai, 5398 . na cenna, 4806 . na mna, PH 4997. na créachta, TSh. 1013.

Acc. m. f. and n.

(a) inna fíraingliu, Wb. 9c10 . frisna preceptori, 14d37 . lasna fileda, Sg. 63b4 . na rúna, Wb. 12c11 . lasna anmmann, Sg. 51b10 .

(b) na firu, LU 4626. inna heonu, 5159 . inna echraidí, 4712 . na pecdachdu, PH 3619. na briathra, 3660 . na cóic ṡéotu, Críth G. 162. inna .vii. sa, 307 . na teasta, TSh. 6771.

Gen. m. f. and n.

(a) inna ndóine, Wb. 5c16 . inna fer, 7c8 . inna mban, 22c10 . na n-abstal, 18d14 . na sacardd, Sg. 54a11 . na conson, 9a19 . na forcetal, Wb. 16a12 . inna rrath, 15c3 .

(b) ina ndescipul, Hib. Min. 54. inna muccaide, LU 4670. na nGalión, 4648 . na fíren, PH 437. na ḟer (sic leg.), 1017 . na mbeo, 3648 . na n-ilberla, 5484 . airdena ana cóic la ndéc ria mBrath, RC xxviii 310 § 1. inna fer, TTebe 1845 . na n-ánrad, 951 . na bpeacthach, TSh. 991. na sácramainteadh, 1561 .

Dat. m. f. and n.

(a) donaib ballaib, Wb. 7d14 . donaballaib ailib, 12b2 . arnab uilib cumactib, 21a13 . dinaib fochaidib, Ml. 19b11 . isnaib consonaib, Sg. 9a22 . donab huilib doinib, 189b9 . forsna huilib remṡuidigthib, 212a13 . ocnafothaircthib palnacdib, 217a4 . honai gabalaib, Ml. 54b25 . donab nemindithib, Thes. ii 33.28 (Bv.).

(b) oconaibh insibh, AU 851. donaib Galionaib, LU 4659. dinib collaib, 4937 . dona druídib, 5061 . dina lecaib, 5889 (H). forna bochtaib, PH 3603. dona noemaib, 3620 . donaib maithib ┐ dona holcaib, Ériu iii 2.13 . fornaib coic cathrachuib, ii 140.5 . dona hōgaib, ML² 173. dona daoinibh, TSh. 968. arna heasbadhaibh, 973 .

Dual.

(a) In the O.Ir. glosses, before the dual, the art. always has the form in, -n: Nom. m. in da fersin, Ml. 58a11 . f. in di bai, 2b11 . n. in da n-ainm, 34d6 . Acc. m. in da airdigtha, Sg. 77a8 . f. etir in dí ṡillaib, 59a17 . Gen. m. cechtar in da popul, Ml. 46b30 . n. cechtar in da leithe, Sg. 25b6 . Dat. f. isin dib bliadnib, Thes. ii 30.35 (Bcr.). n. isin dib desmrechtaib-so, Ml. 114b1 . ( ind da la occurs in the Vienna Beda, Thes. ii 33.21 .).

(b) Later the art. preceding the dual is sometimes na, but in remains more common: in dá erred (g.), LU 8057. na dá ech (a.), 8590 . na da ban (g.), 8375 . na dá Maine (n.), BDD² 106. in da gilla chétna (a.), TBC-LL¹ 677. túath in dá Maine (g.), BDD² 210. na da ánrath ┐ na da rind n-agha (n.), TTr.² 583. na dá n-ug n-urchoidech (g.), MR 110.4 . na dá neirrech (g.), Laws iv 336.16 . an dā rīg (na, v.l.) (n.), ML² 776. asna dib berlaib, Lec. 167d31 . don da thóisech, Ériu v 152.126 .

II Article used in formation of adverbs ( GOI § 251.3 and § 379 , § 382 . Zeuss 608 - 9 ).

(a) When nouns of time and manner are used adverbially in the dat. sg., they may be preceded by the article, e.g. in chruth as coir, Wb. 7b1 . in chruth sin, 7d16 . ind echt sa, 3a7 ; but cf. cruth ro pridchissem, 24c17 . inni rombatar riam hí tempul, Ml. 62b2 .

(b) In O. and Mid. Ir. the article (but see alternative explanation, GOI § 379 ) was used with an adj. in the dat. sing. neut. and with some participles in -de to form an adverb. The follg. list is illustrative only: in biucc gl. paulatim, Sg. 12b1 . in mór, Wb. 14b21 . in már gl. adeo, Sg. 8a2 . in deurb ` certainly ,' Ml. 70b2 . ind fír ` truly ,' Wb. 14c32 . ind ḟír, Sg. 106a5 . in demin gl. quidem, Ml. 37a13 . int soer gl. libere, 31b18 . int sainriud, 54a22 . in chomocus ` nearby ,' Sg. 188a19 . ind imdu gl. passim, Ml. 35b5 . in fortgidiu ` covertly ,' 30a3 . in chlidiu, 50c13 . in chotarsnu gl. e contrario, Sg. 17b9 . ind ulcc male, Hib. Min. 432. ind infholach secretly , PH 6085. in infholuch, 7998 . In a few exx. the form of the adj. is that of the nom.: ind utmall, Wb. 26b10 (but this form may also have been used for dat.). in madae, 19d16 . ind immdae, Sg. 26a5 . Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii § 419 explains this as being due to the similarity of nom. and dat. masc. and neut. forms in some adjj. Cf. also: in tsainrethaig, LU 5514.

With compar. and superl. of adjj. to form comparative advv.: ind ichtarchu gl. inferius, Ml. 24d30 . int serbu gl. amarius, 24c10 . in máam gl. primum, Wb. 1c20 . ind luindiu gl. commotius, Ml. 32d1 . ind feliu gl. uericondius, 58b1 . ind lugu gl. minus, 123c12 . in mó ┐ in mó, Trip.² 2108 , 2628 . in mor-mo, PH 3369 , 3605 . See GOI § 382.

(c) In the case of adjj. in -d(a)e (except imdae) and participles in -th(a)e (but see in fortgidiu, in chlidiu, above), instead of the dative a form in -id, -ith combines with the art. to form the adv. A few instances also occur of advv. formed in this way from substantives. From adjj.: in doracdid `in the Doric fashion,' Sg. 204b9 . in chorpdid gl. corporaliter, Wb. 27a12 . ind óindid once , Ml. 29a3 . int slanidid ` salutarily ,' 71a1 . in tuailngigthid ` deigningly ,' 78c1 . ind inchlidid gl. latenter, 100c7 . in tuasailcthid ` absolutely ,' 32d5 . From substt.: in mesid (<mess) gl. iudicialiter, Ml. 51c21 . ind frithoircnid (<frithorcun) ` offensively ,' 127c23 . in diglaid (<dígal) gl. ulciscenter, 62d3 . ind áirmith (<árim) ` numerically ,' Sg. 27a17 .

III Usage.

The article is always proclitic and is used before a substantive to express the definite character of that substantive unless this is already apparent either from the nature of the substantive itself, as in the case of proper names, or from some accompanying defining word or phrase, e.g. when the substantive is followed by a definite genitive, or preceded by a possessive adjective.

A Exx. of the ordinary use of def. art.: accaldam auctor ind recto `an address to the teachers of the Law,' Wb. 3c4 . risiu rocloammar in fogur `before we hear the sound,' Ml. 112b12 . intan labratar ind ḟilid `when the poets speak,' Sg. 162a3 . oc déscin na macraide, LU 4859. in trénfir ┐ ind láith gaile, 8104 . an cúigeadh cinéal, na mairtírigh, TSh. 4842. In: amal in scrissid .i. amal in n-altain n-áith `as a scraper i.e., as a sharp razor,' Ml. 72b8 , translate: as the scraper etc., regarding it as a type of instrument rather than a single instrument of its kind?

The article is used

(a) in the sense of each, every, also a single in such phrases as: ced fan fer, Stair Erc. 1471. 1532 . berad-sa anam a flaithess duit a n-agaidh an ruainde da fuil ad brat `for every thread in thy cloak,' BCC 358.14 . is assu duinni in fer cech laí andás a cét cach n-aidchi one man every day, LU 5622.

(b) sometimes with cách, when this is followed by a relative clause: ní lat in cách forsa mmitter `not thine is everyone on whom thou passest judgment,' Wb. 6b22 . úar in cách dodechaid úad, Trip.² 1198. congnamh lásan ccách nó chathaighfeadh dar cenn an chreidimh, AFM vi 2290.22 .

(c) with oen-, intensifying the idea of singleness: nabīd D. fut ind ṡamlāi oc breith na hēnbrethi `giving a single judgment,' ZCP xiii 179.1 . con-accai ni ... .i. in n-aenmnái for fertais in charpait, TBC-LL¹ 202. hespach do neoch a thríall acht dond oen ḟialluch, 415 .

(d) in speaking of two things (cf. Fr. l'un, Germ. der eine): focherded a líathróit ┐ focherded a loirg ... Níbo moo in band oldas a chéle one stroke was not greater than the other, LU 5006. timchillid a teach ón dorus colaile, RC xxiv 145.14 . dā ṡenrand ... dun rand díb ... don rund aile, Fianaig. 48 § 14 , § 15 .

(e) frequently, and particularly after verbs of seeing, before a noun which is logically indefinite to draw attention to it and to render the narrative more vivid (for an alternative explanation see GOI § 470 ): co facatar in tsentuinne they saw an old woman, Corm. Y 1059.43 . co n-acca ara chind in fer ┐ leth a chind fair, LU 4933. co n-aca Cú in n-ócben cuchi, 6082 . co n-acca in tech find, MacCongl. 67.12 . co n-accas na trí coícait ban co n-inaraib corcraib, TBFr. 258. rataiges in triar marcach dochom in tige, LU 6779. is and dosnarraid in fer máeldub, 6820 . doringni in mac bec in tres gním `eine dritte That,' TBC-LL¹ 1068. duscōtar īarum condusrulai isin mag n-ālaind co n-acatar an rīghrāith isin [maig], ZCP iii 459.18 . is iarum bert in Liath Macha na tri dergruathra, RC iii 181.36 .

(f) before nouns followed by the demonstratives so, sin, tall, ucut: in chrud sin, Wb. 13a6 . tarsin corp sin 15c16 . in teintide tall, ZCP v 25 § 7. isin tsalm tall, Ml. 58a11 . don mac so, BDD² 107. in tan sin, 130 . in triar ucut, 295 .

B The article is not usually used before

(a) personal names. In O. Ir. names of individuals take the article only when they are qualified by an adj. or a demonstrative, or when used as common nouns (e.g. á ṅIacob the name Jacob, Ml. 34d6 ): ol Duaid, Ml. 95d7 . mad la Cirine `according to Jerome,' 74d13 . ho Isaác, Wb. 4c7 . for érlam Patraic, Thes. ii 305.5 ; but: in Scip Emelendae gl. Emilianus Scipio Sg. 31a2 . in Caesar Octauienda gl. Octauianus Caesar, 31a3 . in Fiac sin, Thes. ii 307.3 . co tech in Dubthaig sin, ib. 9 . Exceptionally: Nabál sin slebi Carmil, SR 6307. In Mid. Ir. it is somet. used with anaphoric force: a n-Inis meic Uchen robai in Gartnan, Anecd. i 1.3 . in Cathal, MacCongl. 41.28 . iman Mormael, Ériu xii 190 § 23. do marbsad in tEochaid andsin, ZCP viii 274.13 . ba rí hi Temair in Fīachu Sraptine amal adrubrumar, 317.16 .

(b) place-names: i Corint, Wb. 14b5 . i nEgipt, Ml. 88a12 . téicht do Róim, Thes. ii 296.3 . co nōgaib Hérenn, 306.1 ; but: ind Róm fil hí Constantinopoil ... inna Rómae, Sg. 174a1 . In Mid. Ir. the article became more common particularly before a noun in the genitive, but the omission of the article was still much more frequent than its use: ind Eriu, LU 4042. íar sligi na Temrach, BDD² 131. do Themraig, 149 . fonaidm ṅgíall Temrach, 164 . sethnu na Hérind, 608 . i tír Hérend, 690 . i nOenuch na Crúachna, LU 2888. hi cathair Cruachna, 2886 . isin Taltin, 2894 . hi Taltin, 2896 . In Mod. Ir. some geographical names regularly take the article, e.g. an Fhrainnc, an Spáinn. Others sometimes take the article, but in the gen. only: Éire, i nÉirinn, tír na hÉireann. Alba, muinntear na hAlban; but cf. lucht cuarta Éireann, Dáil Éireann (Dinneen, s.v. Éire).

(c) names of peoples and patronymics: arindí atrebat Romáin and, Sg. 33a11 . atrebat Laitnóri and, 14 . di Romanaib, 33a10 . Romoldai, 31b4 . la Ebreu, Ml. 26c1 . di Iudéib, Wb. 27d4 . fri Saxanu, Críth G. 523. la hUltu, BDD² 977. do ríg Rómán, LU 6389 ; but: ind Romain, Sg. 31b5 . int Ṡabindai, 28a10 . forsna Egiptacdu, Ml. 96c11 . do choscc inna nIsrahélde, Wb. 5a16 . na nDéisi, Thes. ii 297.5 . in Galióin, LU 4656. co tríchait chét na nGalión, 4648 . The absence of the article would seem to be the earlier usage, cf. la Féniu (a phrase common throughout the law-tracts), Críth G. 125. chórus Féne, 588 .

(d) nouns that refer to things of which there is one only, or one outstanding example (these nouns approach in meaning to proper names): is samlid dano gniith demun, Wb. 21b2 . amal indocbáil dáe, 21a10 . as tualang deacht todiusgud Crist `the Godhead,' 13c15 . i tempul, 26a8 . hi fudumnaib talman, Ml. 40d16 . di chosecrad tabernacuil, 48b11 . gein maicc hua athair `the birth of the Son from the Father,' 85b11 . conapad firdía mac `that the Son should not be true God,' 21c12 . amal as toisegiu grián indáas laithe, 85b11 . o hescgu co grein, SR 113. o thosuch domuin, 517 . dochuaid diliu don domon, 2592 . co lluid trít co talmain, LU 5767. do diabul, PH 4889. nī dlig sāire ... i tūaith nā i n-eclais amongst the laity or in the church, Ériu i 218 § 2. roaithbeōaig Cairbri ō marbaib from the dead, ACL iii 225.v . Siuir agus Máigh ag gréin dá ngeimhliughadh, DDána 109 § 11. for fairgi, Corm. Y 1059.14 . fri tīr, ib. 15 . slánaigh le hóigh t'oileamhain `make good to the Virgin her nursing of Thee,' Aithd. D. 67 § 26.

Here belong the names of parts of the body: ho giun et ... hi cridiu, Wb. 5d14 . ind foisitiu i ngiun `the confession in the mouth,' 4d33 . a n-asberid hó bélib, 7d10 . a lleth o laim deiss `the half from the right hand,' Sg. 17b2 . risiu rocloammar in fogur hua chluasaib with the ears, Ml. 112b12 . anuas co imlind, LU 5780 ; but cf. intan citambí ind lám in terochraic, Ml. 36b1 . in geno gl. oris, 82c5 .

(e) a noun occurring in apposition to a proper name as a sobriquet: for Lomnae Drúth, BDD² 705. Suibne Geilt, Thes. ii 294.10 . for Tamun drúth, LU 6670. Cauland cerdd, 4975 . aided Redg cáinte, 5803 .

(f) the names of abstract ideas, virtues, vices, etc.; nachin rogba úall `that pride may not seize us,' Wb. 15d40 . is asse dúib maid do denum, 4a4 . inne maith ł uilcc, Sg. 39a32 . nephdenum neich di ulc fri nech dogní olc frit, Ml. 23c20 . dechair eter olcc is maith, SR 1255. erig, ... córu achāch duit mormenma, TBC-LL¹ 3978. ni rabi a samail ... ar maisse ┐ míne ┐ mórdacht, TTr. 621. ní fhuil nert agud gun techt lium, ZCP vi 48.12 . na ndenad (leg. denad) uaill na diumus, PH 4255. Exx. with the article are: ind huall gl. arrogantia, Ml. 51a11 . gl. elatio, 28a1 . frisin noibi ┐ in glaini, 98d2 . ised a nnert foirbthe imgabail cech huilc this is perfect virtue, 35d14 . immeradi a n-olc, 33d2 . a mundit[i]a .i. ōn gloine, Corm. Y 900. attach inísel ... tairnid in díumus `superbiam excludit,' PH 8035. sanntaiged in rig ... in fírinde, 4254 . ro coimnertaigiss an coir `thou hast strengthened justice,' Stair Erc. 429.

(g) a subst. followed by a definite genitive. (The article is used when the gen. is attributive rather than defining, e.g. á cenele ndoine, Wb. 5c16 . a llaa mbrithemnacte sin, 6b26 . forsa cenélae metir sin, Sg. 8a13 . in Briccriu Conaill Chernaig (name of a shield), BDD² 977. in Brug mna Elcmair, Ériu viii 175.9 . an Iodh Morainn , Keat. ii 3659. as an gCraoibh Dheirg Chonchubhair, ib. 3086 ).

The gen. is a proper name: ar iriss Crist, Wb. 25a10 . di doiri Babelon, Ml. 46b26 . ó Thuind Clidnai, BDD² 1087. la firu Hérenn, 123 ; or approaches in meaning to a proper name: precept soscéli, Wb. 1b10 . Exceptions are rare: in tṡlóig Herend, LU 4609. gol mo matharsa so ┐ na mban mBoine, TBFr. App. § 20 (= ... ┐ bantrochta Boínni, text).

The gen. is preceded by the def. art.: ar meinci inna indithme, Ml. 85d1 . ardlathi in betho, Wb. 1a3 . dar cenn ind Iudidi, 2a4 . tri hiris in cháich, 2b11 . fri bás inna clóen, Thes. ii 320.1 . for lorg in tslóig, LU 4782. lucht in baile, PH 49. In O. Ir. there are a great many exceptions to this rule but in Mid. Ir., comparatively few, and fewer still in Early Mod. Ir.: inna ndánae in spirito, Wb. 21c2 . in pian inna diglae, Ml. 28c19 . din chamull in diumsa, Tur. 60. in dluthe ind flechuid, Ml. 81c8 . in dán inna litredachte, Sg. 33a28 . an fír-thsochraidecht an bethadh suthain, Ir. Lit. 26.18 . leth in orba in athar, Laws iv 46.24 Comm. in prīm-cathraig mōrglain ... in dúnaid, MacCongl. 87.27 . an dara cuing an catha, Irish Texts ii 9 § 24. issind aurlaind in dúine, TBFr. 60. isin sinagoig moir na nEbraide, PH 48. na cuic cuicidh na hEirenn, ZCP xi 43 § 31. oc saigid na cána in domnaig, Ériu ii 208.15 . in mér medhon na láime clí, O'Gr. Cat. 270.29. in fer na tocla, TTebe 1601 . ingen in rig na nEberda, 4645 . In PH there are two cases where this rule does not apply (a) when the governing noun has a demonstrative suffix ¤sa or ¤sin, (b) when it is defined by an ordinal. Exx. (a) na scéla-sin in aingil, PH 2975. in rath-sa na n-ilberla, 5484 . cf. O. Ir.: don dlúim máir sin inna pecthach, Wb. 9d5 . in gnim sin in tengad, Ml. 31b24 . (b) in cetna mís na bliadna, PH 3516. isin tress uair ina óidche, 1490 . In TTebe, s.v. in , Calder notes that while a few instances of the double use of the article occur this is especially the case when the governed noun is followed by sin. The use of the double article when the governing noun is defined by an ordinal though very common is not invariable: cosin tres mac imlesan na hoensúla, BDD² 641. in treas rann sesgat ind uile, Laws ii 370.21 - 22 Comm. an tres gaisgedach na Tiabanda, TTebe 4879 ; but cf.: dorumalt Moisi ... | ann tresraind a aimsire, SR 3784. tres ṅdírime na tána, TBC-LL¹ 2656. i tres boin in brugad, Laws v 402.7 Comm.

The gen. is preceded by a possessive adj.: di foirbthetu for nirisse, Wb. 1a9 . lóg a pecthe, 1c3 . do thudidin do menman, 1c15 . do ind a oenláime, TBC-LL¹ 676. lín a teglaich, TBFr. 8. Exception: lasin flaith far mbretha ifos, SR 1215.

The gen. is defined by cech (Mid. Ir. cach), nach: du thuistin cech dulo, Ml. 85b16 . imfolang nach gnima, 80d2 . tri thesbaid naich baill, Sg. 5a5 . fo cosmailis nacha cat[h]rach, Hib. Min. 219. céol cach ḟir, LL 207a18 . cend cech ḟir díb, TBC-LL¹ 682. i tossuch cach dúnaid, 571 .

The gen. is defined by a further definite genitive: ó soilsi deachte Crist, Wb. 26a17 . irchre fla[tho] Román, 26a5 . co maithib fer nÉrenn, BDD² 1441. An exception is: dar fíartharsna in dunaid fer nÉrend, LU 6291.

C The article is optional before an ordinal adjective: isin chétne tuiste, Wb. 1a1 . cetnae accuis inso `this is the first cause,' Ml. 118d12 . co nómád n-aó `to the ninth generation,' Críth G. 327. cetna gnim gnisset, SR 4197. cethramad gnim, 4209 . (The omissions in SR are necessitated by the metre). Cf. in chethramad accuis, Ml. 118d18 . ón chétna duini, SR 7889. in tres gnim, 4205 . Cf. ll. 83 ff. col. 183 above.

D As a rule substantives defined by a relative sentence take the art. unless they are preceded by is é, conid é, is inunn, etc. (However, before words like airm, baile used adverbially the article is omitted: ría ríg Hérenn airm hi foí, BDD² 488. co ránic na díberga baili i rabatar, 647 . tancattar na hingena airm a mbói Hiruath, PH 905. bail hita a athair, 1380 ): dund óis nad chaithi cach tuari, Wb. 6c11 . a forcell doberam, 25d21 . isind huiliu labramar-ni, Ml. 31b23 (exceptionally: ra mbía ... carpat bas dech bess i n-Aii, LU 5587 ); but: is hé cruth inso áem no-s-messammar, Wb. 9c10 . is inunn chiall isindi as scit ┐ as nōuit , Ml. 114b1 . issí inne fil hi cechtar de, 114b1 . is he titul fil i ndreich ..., Hib. Min. 1. is é óencharpat insin nad foglentais dirmand na hecrada, LU 10177 - 8 . is tú láech as dech fil i nHerind, 5768 . is ed gen n-imarbága fil la firu Hérind, BDD² 1135. is é céadchrann tarla dhó, soileach, Keat. ii 2687. is é áit ar ghabhadar tír, i gCúan an Bhainbh, iii 5055 . is e recht ro buí isin Libia in n-inbuidh sin, Stair Erc. 1101. When the antecedent of the relative sentence is qualified by an ordinal the article sometimes occurs: fá hé Colum ... an céadduine do thógaibh mainistear i n-oiléan Í, Keat. iii 1344. ionnus gurab é an treas fear do chreid ..., ii 5372 . conidh e sin an cedcath do cuir Ercuil, Stair Erc. 966 ; but: gurab é C.C. céaddoctúir do chuaidh, Keat. iii 1347. is si sin cedmainistir caillech ndub ro buí isin Teib, Stair Erc. 890.

n death: anart .i. hin-irt .i. hi.¤ bás, amail rongab isin tig-anāil Morainn maic Māein : `dath don dich (donic, v.l.) i.¤ .i. bās (sic, Corr.), Corm. Y 37. adart quasi ad-i.¤ .i. adae mbāis, ar is bās dorīmther codlud ┐ is ainm i.¤ do bás, Corm. Y 43. lathirt .i. laith lind ┐ i.¤ bás, Thr. Ir. Gl. 27.8 . bad n-e (for bad hé, Ed.) mo erthoghae | cotom artad i.¤ eter mo comchoicle `that death be dealt to me,' Ériu viii 172.y . ? conredraigsed i.¤ annī Domainchen, YBL 178b49 . ? To this hi.¤ (MS. hirc) .i. orguin, Lec. Gl. 52 , but see irc.

n u, m. a pl. lessu, Wb. 27a28 . leas m., IGT § 95 (127.14) .

(a) The earliest meaning, exemplified particularly in the Laws, seems to be relief, redress, remedy . les(a) airechta redress obtainable through court proceedings. Hence also cause, case; affair, matter : is dithre o lesaib airechta is excluded from redress in the assembly, Laws i 84.12 . is luga ro sailter leas airechta an aide do denam di iar n-aís diailtre (a reason why fosterage fee is higher for a girl than for a boy), O'Curry 281 ( H 3.18, 151 ). athgabāil arindī atgaib cāch a less treithe, Corm. Y 50 . no ainfaind-se al an dalai n-ai, acht is andsa dondni do-boing; is he a l.¤ anas it is his relief that is delayed, Laws i 250.22 . im saige lesa suing for redress (after a killing), O'D. 563 ( H 3.17, 440 ). ní gaibiut athgabháil ima lesa, O'D. 183 ( H 3.17 150 ). secht n-athgabala . . . nacon toibget lesa which do not exact redress, Laws v 254.2 . fris tobug cach a l.¤ .i. resi toibgenn nech in ni dligius, i 256. 6 , 10 Comm . na deoradha ┐ na murchuirthe . . . nocha n-indlighthech nemurfaemad a toicheda . . . cid ima l.¤ uodein, cid im l.¤ neich eile whether it be for their own relief or for the relief of another, 86.23 Comm . cach duine um a l.¤ fadeisin, v 284.5 . less coitchenn la F. insin do cāch, a less fesin immurgu dognī F., ZCP vii 300. 26 - 27 = Ériu xiii 46.22 . arda-lesaib labrait(h)er cirt coir `die für ihre Sache reden', ZCP xiv 379 § 43 ( Laws ii 306.4 ). asbér fris do lesu amuil bid leam fén in ceist I will plead your case, O'D. 945 ( H 3.17, 662 ). tacrait-si far less! ol olldam state your case, Anecd. iii 27.17 . cealla . . . o nach acrait airchindig a leasa `do not sue for their claims', Laws v 118.10 . tacra im leas mna nad eta urlabra, tacra la fear nad airbir a leass a n-airecht who does not plead his own case, 252.10 - 11 . atat .iii. [meth] fesa do rig, a fuirired, a faigthe, a dligid . . . a dliged adsuidet lesa . . . co nach mbi ┐c. his due which claims establish(?), O'Curry 805 ( H 3.18, 373a ). ríi túaithe di[b] feraib deacc do lessaib túaithe i.e. when he is engaged on the affairs of the `túath', Críth G. 598 (opp. to fria thaiscidi `for his private affairs'). gell slógad, gell rechtge, gell cairddi; ar it l(i)essa túaithe huli insin, 507 . dá ḟer deac dano dám epscuip do les[s]ib ecalsa ┐ túaithe, 600 . breithem tuaithe fri l.¤ tuaithe, ┐ breithemh fri l.¤ eclaisi, O'D. 535 ( H 3.17, 432 ). cisne lesa donaibh sen tascnat treise? Sloged, cis . . . fuba ┐ ruba, meth feise la rig . . . rot, ramat . . . matter, affair(?), Laws i 230.21 . ni daim enecland anadh cach l.¤ bes dir aurfognum ┐ imchongnum, 228.17 . ba imned la Fráech cen acallaim na ingine, sech ba hé less nod ṁbert, TBFr. 156 . o rogleset in l.¤ frisa tancatar when they had settled the matter for which they came, Lism. L. 2030. Cf. leas .i. cúis no caingean . . . gléodh gacha leasa .i. criochnughadh, no glanadh gach cúise, O'Cl.

In phrases with vbb. do-gní l.¤ x acts in the interests of x, looks after x: ach be nach aile dorona a lesa .i. . . . ni fagbuit neach eile dfechiumnus a caingin i n-aisce, Laws ii 86.y . dognim less na n-anm[ann]a I look after, SR 1196 . ingen Echdach oc báig mo marbtha frim . . . uair nach dēnaim a ll.¤ frit-so, Fing. R. 50 . rap áil do Choin Chulaind less Ulad do denam, LL 9942 ( TBC-LL¹ 2881 ). indis scēla dūinne, ar siat, ┐ dodēnum do l.¤ in cach conuir ambeir, RC x 180.18 . tri fichit rigan . . . / bátar acum i n-aoinḟecht / do[gh]nínn a leasa uili, Acall. 504. Cf. ar nī dēin a l.¤ intī saltras in lā dognī he who walks (thereon) does not prosper the day he does it, ACL iii 225.31 . gé go ttainic mé as / ní dearnadh mo leas san lá, Duan. F. ii 368 § 26 .

Also do-gní do x: Corr Derce . . . / do Ḟothud dogní ard-less, Metr. Dinds. iv 122.14 . do rinne leas nó díoth dhúinn `for our weal or woe it was', PBocht 27.11 .

ro-icc l.¤ see s.v. ro-icc. Add: In RSClára the phr. is usually ro-icc do l.¤ Also once in Carsw.: gach uair dá rigfe sé do leas é whenever he shall need it, 156 . na halmsana . . . do roinn . . . ar an druing ricces do l.¤ (unto those who have need), RSClára fo. 110a . an tan regar do l.¤ leis na Sethruibh a ṡamhail so do ṡáothar do dhénamh, fo. 116a . innach rigend an bhanab náid na Sethracha bráithre túata do l.¤ (where the Abbesse and the Sisters have no need of lay Brothers), fo. 90a . Cf. also ro-s-furic a less in coimdiu (Dominus his opus habet), PH 4373.

Cf. ríachtanas a l.¤ : gidh sochaidhi ita ina riachtanas a leas, Laws iv 162 n . in duine bís it riachtanus do lesa who needs you, O'D. 676 ( H 3.17, 495 ). ro-riachtanus a leas an bídh, O'D. 521 ( H 3.17 423 ). See also s.v. ríachtanas.

fri l.¤ x engaged upon x's affairs : gad ar techtaire .i. re l.¤ fir bunaid rucait on the business of the owner(?), Laws v 492.4 - 5 Comm . ceit[h]re trīr, trī cet[h]ruir, / cuibde re gach l.¤ no matter what activity they are engaged on(?), Ériu i 39 § 6 (`fit for every need'). Ualer lem rom lessaib, Gorm. 14 . mad cumma ech ┐ ech, / . . . / madat comlūatha frim l.¤ , ZCP viii 217 § 2 . ní lim-sa nach carthair, / uair it ráe rem léas (: a ndeas), RC vi 177.100 . inmain triar . . . / ragus lemsa ar chenn in bhuair / inmain triar . . . / do ragat lemsa rom (leg. rem) l.¤ , SG 382.9 . a nglacadh go lompuisneach re na l.¤ , (to take the bare use of them), RSClára fo. 147a . ? inniss dam gach dal ret leass, / co nderntar lim do leges, IT i 123.13 ( TE 9 Eg.).

(b) advantage, good, benefit, profit, interest : ni ar less ro bói and gl. quod erat contrarium nobis, Wb. 27a18 . ni táirci lessu utmille `restlessness causes not benefits', 28 . is oc bar less ataat `they are benefiting you', 25c16 . ni aurdallat dāna sona na maíne mára na lessa for lubra léim, ZCP xi 94 § 31 (Audacht Morainn). nī fess coich less coich amless, 84 § 32 (do.). ni fes cuich l.¤ cúich amles, LU 10822 . aithne eich techtaire fri himrim a leasa `for his [sc. the owner's] benefit', Laws v 190.18 . cech airchindech fritái in[na] (sic leg. ?) lessa who opposes (the granting of) these benefits (ref. to the cleaning of oratory and graveyard and the supplying of altar vessels), Ériu i 219 § 7 . is í dias as dech fail i nHerind im less a tigernae, LU 7692 ( BDD² 1220 ). na tiagat ceím forddail acht ammar as dess ┐ as less, LL 189b41 . na légid bar leas do lot `your interests', Cog. 122.28 . cen chessacht lessa begrudging (another's) good fortune(?), Ériu iii 96 § 5 (`wailing after prosperity'). ar daig lessa sochaide, PH 7991 . robé l.¤ Dē ┐ a choimnesa isna cosaib-sea, ACL iii 232.x . mās é a leas a luadh go grod if it is to her advantage(?), Celtica iv 120 § 39 . eochoir leasa `the key of profit', Studies 1918, 98 § 2 . ar tí mo leasa intending my good, Dán Dé xix 2 . madh é a aimhleas, madh é a leas, TD 4.40 . l.¤ ┐ líth advantage and prosperity : ic tairdeilb do lessa-su ┐ do lítha, TBC-LL¹ 216. o thanic mo ṡiur aness / nocon ḟétaim less na líth, LL 208b26 . as cómhairle ar l.¤ ┐ ar lith Uladh an chomhairle sin, ITS v 8.20 . dia forroghena rīghdha ēcnairc / hi lantt leasaibh (? = hi lesaibh lann on behalf of churches), ZCP viii 198 § 23. ? ní léir leo leas a fighe / aos aitheanta ar gceirdi-ne, Content. xxii 17n .

ar l.¤ x for the benefit of x: leasaighthear libh ar leas cháich / sguird gheal an ghréasa neamhghnáith, Aithd. D. 3.2 . ar a leas nó i n-aghaidh Airt, DDána 100.26 . bheith dé Luain ar mo leas-sa `to defend me on Doomsday', Dán Dé iv 6 . na biodhbhaidh nach bia ar mo leassa `the band set to ruin me', PBocht 24.5 . go ngabhann fearg . . . an liaigh ris, ar a leas, an tan bhíos ag diúltadh aneith budh mhaith dhó do ghlacadh, TSh. 8250. Also ar l.¤ do x; [is] ar leas doib icar tar a ceand `for their good', Laws v 184.1 Comm .

In moral sense: tol Meic Dé cech a ndena / iss e do less rochuala, LL 19086 . do inchoisc a lessai dóib, Mon. Tall. § 23 (135.15) . a n-imtheacht do badh hé ar leas / na seacht róid-se . . . (of ways leading Heavenward), Dán Dé vi 12 . nach creidfeadh briathra Dé ná teagasg a leasa, TSh. 1653.

Especially l.¤ anma: ní l.¤ anma ar sui ardon condíath .i. ni fil ocund nech lessaiges . . . ar n-anmain, LU 583 ( ACC 12 ). bad less do anmae dogné, ná bad less do chuirp, Ériu iii 106 § 48 . ar ghrádh Dé . . . ┐ ar l.¤ a hanma (for the health of her soule), RSClára fo. 67a . Cf. Sentainne ┐ Senbachlach / rop seis srofais a crínḟess / acht nocon adrat Mac Dé / nocon ḟagbat a primless, LL 22273.

Attrib. gen. rop soraid in sét-sa, / rop sét lessa im lámaib profitable, Ériu vi 112 § 1 . lucht lesa supporters, advocates : gémadh maith mo lucht leasa / t'ucht deassa ní mhaith meise, PBocht 21.15 . lucht leasa don bhanḟáidh `favorers', TD 21.23 (votaries ?). mo lucht leasa, DDána 30.9 . For lóg lessa see lóg.

(c) usual hospitality provided for guests (as opp. e.g. to `fled' for special guests): boi leor l.¤ oiged .i. robo leor no lesaiged aegedu, LU 928 ( ACC 79 ). boi l.¤ lán .i. boe-seom co tabrad a lánl.¤ do cach, LU 926 - 7 ( ACC 78 ). ceathrur do dus . . . / is triur fri fleada filed, / dias for coe, . . . / is fria leass a aenuran, Auraic. 2246 . dias for fleadhaibh, . . . / oen coe, oen leas roghnathach, 2250 . cétadaig aigidechta duni do thig a cheli conid lánbiathad dliges iarum in n-aidchi-sin . . . Gnáthl.¤ im̄. dó cech tan rachas o sain immach. ní dlig acht leth-biathad, LL 187a48 . cia lin dam na firfhiled / . . . / for gnathlessaib, for fledaib, Auraic. 2222. See also s.v. gnáth.

(d) care(?); manure(?) (see Dinneen , s.v. leas): an treabhadh ar nech téid leas / ní hé trá as taosga gheineas, DDána 121.3 (`the uncared field', Ir. Monthly 1923, 586 § 3 ).

The follg. exx. are obscure: ar cid a lles issa llūam nott-lūathar air, ZCP viii 104.2 . nam iarrair cosin nalaide cúlaid di maith (.i. dirorben) lessa ar fechtaib, LU 5500 ( TBC-I¹ 1020 rhet.). ré bliadna nir luaid l.¤ / cruaid lé ┐ tiamda a torrches good fortune did not move it(?) (of a delayed birth), LL 7110 (line one syllable short). timpān ri cotlud! ar cách, / l.¤ cecha samna, gním gnáth the special advantage(?), Fianaig. 46 § 6 (`the practice at each Hallowe'en'). lesdruim .i. leas uait [┐ fris] cucut, no leatarsna darin druim bis aicmi muine, Auraic. 988 . sona go ttigit leasa `all is well till claims arise'(?), Duan. F. ii 134 § 40.

Compds. These seem to suggest the meaning substitute, not properly belonging(?) (usually with pejorative sense): ¤ainm nickname, sobriquet : gach frithainme .i. l. a n-aighi a cheile, O'Curry 1763 ( 23 Q 6, 36a ). mifocul mna dia raile .i. in drochfocul do beir in ben ar a cheili im a l., Laws i 148.6 Comm . im on lesanma, 236.28 . tubu n-ainme no l., ii 156.19 Comm . l. lenus (one of the seven kinds of satire for which `díre' was exacted), v 228.26 . mac na mbachlach cusna lesanmannaib, LL 13153 ( ScM. 12 ). ní l. dait . . . Cú Chulaind inappropriate name, LU 8146 ( FB 11 ). ó tócbhail a nGulban gairb / lenaidh don laech an l. / Conull . . . Gulban, Irish Texts ii 6 § 4 . ¤anmad vn. formation from preced.: in glaim dicenn, .i. in tuba n-ainme, no in l., Laws i 240.21 Comm . ¤athair: lesathair ┐ lesmāthair, Corm. Y 798 . ¤chlann stepchildren: raba miscais léside a leschland, LL 218a26 ( TTr. 86 ). idir fhiorchlainn ┐ leaschlainn na heagluisi, Luc. Fid. 2815 . ¤macc stepson: lesmac gl. priuignus, Thes. ii 231.13 . l. .i. prius genitus gl. priuignus, Sg. 38b6 . lesmac, Corm. Y 798 . robo lesmac di é, LU 319 ( ACC Introd. ). lesmac ecalse an undutiful son, ACL iii 313 § 13 . feochoir mo luan rem lesmac, 310 vii § 1 (B. na f.). Tiberius .i. l.¤ Augusti , Rawl. B 503, fo. 7a (Plummer MS. notes). ¤máthair stepmother: lesmāthair, Corm. Y 798 . l.¤ gl. nouerca, Ir. Gl. 48 . huairi cotusaisi a les-mathair on nogatad si cach ni isin thig do cheilib Dé (of Brigit), Irish Texts i 5.9 . breth lettrom lesmathar, LL 4531. Fig. leasmháthair na subháilceadh an conách (noverca), TSh. 8337.

subst. pl. Midera Morainn, Molta maic Lonain (in a list of literary productions), Anecd. ii 53.4 ; ` satires ' O'Curry Manners and Customs ii 133 ; perhaps judgements , cf. bretha Moraind, IT iii 187.11 ; but see midrera.

v (saeth) takes unfair advantage of: cia rosuithi (= ro-saíthea) 'obschon … übervorteilt hat' CIH ii 593.11 (Berrad Airechta § 29) , Bürgschaft 10 . ? inníi saothar (soetair, v.l.) uada 'the thing which is unfairly taken from him' Contract Law 164 § 32 . ? Cf. air ni-saítha (sáidh, saithe, v.ll.) soithcedach sechtair, Études Celt. xxi 160.151 (Audacht Morainn).

adv. Later also sechtar under influence of prep., q.v.

(a) without, (on the) outside; out, forth: intan dufuissemar s.¤ a sil sin ┐ gainethar hon mathir, Ml. 44a11 . is sechtar rolaa a dilledchi ní i mmedón ` 'tis outside he has put its declinability, not in the middle', Sg. 75a4 . beirthius dano dia n-airitiu(th) s.¤ , Críth G. 365 . flaith congbāla co slōgaib dianechtair, in-soet a slōig side, in-snádat a adilce, air nī sáith soitcedach s.¤ , ZCP xi 97 § 61 (Audacht Morainn). tuailing coicerta .i. beas cuimgeach etargnud na breithi s.¤ iar na coimcertugud do for menmain `who shall be competent to interpret the judgement externally after having first decided it in his mind', Laws v 98.12 Comm . cid ara n-eipenar gaire ? . . . gairmther ani sin fer ceineoil bis a sechtair, O'D. 549 ( H 3.17, col. 436 ). doluid a Bendchar s.¤ , Mon. Tall. 66 (154.13) . día fercaichther tra fria nech cid s.¤ cid frit muindtir `whether a stranger or one of thine own monks', 36 (141.22) or perh. read: fort menmain, i.e. whether outwardly or in your mind. topair tocair soccair sectar | foccail doccair deccair di, IT iii 65.4 = sectair, 64.20 . nach tan dofurgaib int augtur brethir for a gin s.¤, bid briathar for a menmain frisgair do suidev `whenever the author lets out a word on his mouth, there is a word in his mind that answers to it', Hib. Min. 12.411 . comba samalta ┐ orṡnáth cach finna . . . dara formna síar sell s.¤ , LU 6546 (TBC). ro gabastár a dond-úathróic ndondlethair . . . fua dara fúathróic srebnaide sroill s.¤ , 6424 (TBC). ni ó briathraib . . . nó ó gothaib corpdaib s.¤ dogénat na noím in molad sa, 2675 . con cichre Cuchulaind cethri múru móra de chollaib doene immon cath s.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 5586 . slicht inn oenláich assind áth sair s.¤ , 713 . echlach ra-s-ruc . . . in élúd uait-siu tri lár catha fer ṅHerend síar s.¤ , CRR 7 . locharn lassar imorro i ngnimaib na fírinne, ó taitnet s.¤ do chach, PH 5863 . foillshlechta na crécht ro-thecht-sum s.¤ i n-a churp, 6735 . is he in brécaire in t-í thadbanus sechtair do dóinib a beith maith ┐ sé olc ar-medón = sé bonum palam ostendit, 6051 . acht mina thí triam taebh s.¤ , RC vi 176.59 . set sir[bh]uan sonashercach . . . re silliud s.¤ fair to look on it outside, TTebe 764 . do bi dáontoil fris da lathair agus s.¤ `present or absent', ITS xvi 34.z . mīle cēimenn seachtair ō ballaigip na Rōmha, Fl. Earls 194.16 . comdach ┐ imdēnomh ōir . . . i n-a hurt[h]imchell . . . go peinntēladh . . . sechtoir, 144.8 . seachtair .i. don taobh amuigh, O'Cl.

i s.¤ : mad oc a thig fe[i]n . . . mad theis (?) lais hi sechtair . . . biathad ochtair cach aithig, Irish Texts i 19 § 4 .

(b) beyond, in the next life : nach fil sochmatu lib hi fus na torthigi sechtair, Alex. 967 .

(c) besides, as well (?): cach soim is cech doim seachtair | cach aen fo mbī coim colcaidh, ZCP vi 265 § 26 .

n the name of the ring or collar worn by Morann mac Máin. According to another tradition it was an epistle used as a charm. Thurneysen ( ZCP xii 278 ) believes the name to have arisen out of a misinterpretation of a passage in Audacht Morainn: dīrge dlegar cach flathemon in sin, ad-mestar dar midrīana ad-mórchlotha miditer, xi 80 § 3 .

sin .i. muince, O'Curry 119 ( H 3.18, p. 73 ). sīn .i. cruind. Unde sīn Maic Māin .i. sīn bōi imo brāgoid fri foichill fīrinde. Intan atbereth fīrinde ba fairsing, ba cumang intan atbered gō. Nō eipistil bōi immo brāgoit fri foirgell fīrinde, Corm. Y 1160 . `sín' muince, `sin ainm slabraidh, Metr. Gl. 20 § 63 . Cf. sindon (? leg. sin dono) .i. slabrad, O'Mulc. 842 . bai sin aile la Morand .i. cuaird bec bai lais amal circáill ḟeta, IT iii 190 § 15 . dorigneadh cumdach oir ┐ airgid lesin imon sreabann sin, co rob é sin `Sín Meic main' iarum, § 14 . in dā fīr dhēc flatha . . . .i. Tre-sin Moraind, Tal Mochta, Crannchur Seancha . . ., 188 § 11 . otchonairc . . . in epistil ima bhraigit imcomarcaid de cid sin (= cid sin sein, IT iii 190 § 16 ) a Moraind. adde ol C. . . . bídh sin Moraind ondíu co brath he, BB 261b23 . in s.¤ .i. idh Moraind, ZCP xi 65.3 . Sīn Morainn . . . | 'mo bacat a lō dālo, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919 v 93 § 25 . ? To this, by transf.: dar sin a mhant the circle of his gums, TFrag. 146.11 .