n (acra) plaintiff, pleader: in trath nach derbhann in tagartoir a agra, O'D. 542 (H.3.17, 434). derbhadh an agarthóir is don cintach léigther, 847 (603). budh beag dtaraidh an tulchóir / it aghaidh don agarthóir, DDána 101.23 . breitheamh . . . cosantach . . . agarthoir, Luc. Fid. 273.3 .

v (* ad-com-sní-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 634 ) Indic. pres. 3 s. at-cosna, Fél. 156.11 . -ascnai, Laws iv 366.13 . 3 pl. adcosnat, Thes. ii 6.29 . Ipv. 1 pl. ascnam, Fél. Dec. 31 . Indic. impf. 1 s. adcosnain se, Thes. ii 2.26 . 3 pl. atcosnaitis, Fianaig. 10.19 . Subj. pres. 2 s. adcosnae, Ml. 56b39 . -ascnae, Ml. 56b31 . 3 s. adcosna. Ml. 51b6 . Subj. impf. sg. pass. adcosantae, Ml. 115d13 . Pret. and perf. 3 s. adruchoisséni, Ml. 69d4 .

Vn. ascnam.

Part. ascnaide.

Later also as simple vb. ascnaid.

(a) makes for, strives for, seeks (trans.): ni moa adcosnat bete in secundo genere . . . quam `they do not strive more', Thes. ii 6.29 . ní etaigthersu immanisin .i. ni ascnae ┐ ní charae, Ml. 56b31 . cach gell cona [ḟ]ritgill do di[a] nascnai coir `on the basis of which he attains his right', Ériu xii 48.2 . athlaech . . . nad nascnai sacarbuic `a lay-recluse who does not go to the sacrament', Laws iv 366.13 . nech atcobra dul for nemh, atcosna (atcosnae v.l.) in flaith, ZCP vii 310 § 1 . is ech buada dar mag réid / fer adcosnaid flaith Dé móir, Goid. 180.22 ( LL 284b42 .) is treothu adcosnaigther flaith nime, LB 12a46 . atcosnatis bidbad būaidh `they strove ever for victory over their foes', Fianaig. 10.19 . ascnaid Ériu seach inis Breatan sets out for E., BB 203b38 . in port adcosnaidís, 39a23 . gur bo hi an conair i ttudchad . . . don tir nó asgnáifedh, Hugh Roe 80.19 (fo. 21b) .

(b) proceeds, goes (intrans. with various prepp.): atchiu churach dar Muir Mend / ascnas i n-iathaib h-Erend, LL 12642 . adcosnat hi crich Ciarraigi . . . co Ath Féne, IT ii2 213.33 . ro-asgna Luguidh cona mhaithibh . . . i ccomhdhāil Conaill marched against, ZCP xiv 249.3 . ascnait assaide d'ardchathraig in tíre, LL 220b11 ( TTr. 246 ). ro asccna assaidhe co ros Comáin, AFM vi 1954.7 . ascnais A. co Poll Ruadhain, BNnÉ 322 § 31 . ro asccna ó D. tar Sruthair . . . ar fud tire hamhalghaidh, AFM iii 390.x . do easccna ara aghaidh he went forwards, v 1574.4 . ro asccnatar rempu they advanced, CCath. 4898 . ascnait . . . tria fort `they passed through a fort', Fl. Earls 104.27 . ascnaidhit a n-iermoracht Uī Nēill `they set out to overtake O'N.', 164.10 aon léig[e] dēg issedh ro ascnaidset in lā sin, 166.29 . ascnam . . . iarsin slicht let us go over the account (of a tale), Arch. Hib. ii 54 § 1 . asgnaidh esti a h-ainim life departed from her, Aen. 2869 . ra ascná uadib a mbruth, LL 244b42 .

Cf. ascnamaid.

n f. aiged, Thes. ii 254.4 (Stowe Miss.) , aigeth, ibid. 5 . Not found in O. Ir. glosses (see enech). n s. agad, LU 4514 . aghadh, Dán Dé vii 35 . ind aiged , TBFr. 219 . aigead, Ériu xiii 58.1 . aideadh, BB 427a50 . aghaidh (: samhail), DDána 42.6 . v s. aighidh, ZCP xiii 174.9 . a s. agid, TBFr. 223 . aigid, Trip.² 313 . agaid, Lism. L. 2968 . aghaidh , Aithd. D. 61.21 . acchaidh, AFM v 1640.16 . adhaigh, Ériu v 190.480 . adhaid (sic MS.), ZCP vii 301 § 6 . aghaigh, Laws iv 258.1 Comm. agad, Dinds. 18 ( RC xv 312.15 ). aiged, Maund. 257 . g s. aigthi, CRR § 17 . aichthi, TTebe 930 . aighthe, DDána 85.1 . Proverbs vii 15 . d s. aighid, ACL iii 4.28 . n p. aigthi, Sc.M² 5 . d p. aichthib, Rawl. 163b13 . aigthib, TTebe 4115 . agthib, TBC-LL¹ 4210 . aghadh, aighedh f., IGT Decl. § 4 .

I

(a) face, countenance: mad i nadaid ri[g] 'if it be [a wound] in the face of a king ' Bretha 26 § 9 . mad a naigid rig tuat roferta(i)r fuil graine 'if a one-grain wound has been inflicted in the face of a king' 28 § 12 . niba diles a aighidh do aoir, Ériu xiii 13.20 . agad ḟochoel forlethan, LU 4514 (TBC). ind aiged do chumtachtai the face for its comeliness, TBFr. 219 . eter in ṁbrágit ┐ in n-agid ṅgil, 223 . aged ethiopacda slemangorm aci, MU² 689 . niptar aigthi carat im ḟleid, Sc.M² § 5 . comleithet a aigthi do derg-ór, CRR § 17 . ag ínred a aichthi `tearing his face', TTebe 930 . dob iomdha aighthe giall ngonta, TD 11.32 . deōr tromthoirsi / co tī tar abra ar n-aigthi-ni, ACL iii 234.18 . dar a aighid, 4.28 . a.¤ fedil see fethal.

By metonymy of persons: a haighidh fhīr woman of the true countenance, ZCP xiii 174.9 . fer ard uas aichthib Emna / diar chomainm Tadg . . ., Rawl. 163b13 .

(b) surface: aigead gach airgit, Ériu xiii 58.1 (See xix 117-8 ). ordlach i tiget cech lainde dib . . . co m-ba haiged oir uli lais ár medon, Alex. 581 . dar aigthib sciath, TTebe 4115 . mar chaoin aighthe cupa ó cheard, DDána 119.34 . ar aighidh mhín Mhaonmhuighe expanse , Ériu v 66.8 . a haghaidh ghléigheal . . . (of a hill), TD 4.5 . ?ria n-aidche agaig (leg. agaid), Ériu iv 162 § 25 . fa aghaidh na firminnte across the face of the firmament, Aithd. D. 61.21 . ag cur bhairr ┐ aighthe mo bhaisi deisi . . . palm of my right hand, Parrth. Anma 1020 . ar aighthibh . . . an aigein, ML 48.10 .

(c) front: meitheal dar bh' aghaidh sinn súd we were in advance of that working-party, DDána 42.6 ; cf. baluid dia lethagid in luirg, ┐ tanic dia lettáib, TBC-LL¹ 651 ( LL 8103 ).

(d) shape, form, appearance: aen dib a fuath duine, ┐ aroile a ndeilb dhuim, ┐ anaill a naigid ilair, Grail 3399 .

(e) honour (see 1 enech II): dar cend aigthe Conculainn `for the sake of C.'s honour', RC xiv 428 § 52 . tuc Eochaidh a aenrosc do dar ceann a aigti, BB 383a35 . ar son a einich .i. ar son a aighthe, O'Cl. s.v. eineach. Cf. do tabairt aighti doib giving countenance to them, ZCP v 42.30 ( BCC 123 ).

Note also: ic fóbairt aigthe a feirgge for Troiánu, LL 236b22 ( TTr. 1458 ).

II In phrases implying motion, intention etc. (a) With follg. FOR, FRI etc.:

(a) dob aghaidh ar éttualang (of an impossible undertaking), AFM v 1646.1 . agaid for Ath Cliath to attack A. ALC i 2.19 . is tráth aighthe ar Allmhurchaibh, DDána 85.1 . fa neimhleasg liom aghaidh air `I was in no wise loth to approach it', TD 11.7 . ní hésgaidh linn ort aigheadh, IGT Decl. ex. 826 . a n-aighthe ar in sen-fhairrgi making for the sea, Fl. Earls 58.7 . aghaidh dhamh-sa do fhios Bhriain, Hard. ii 202.11 . déne prostrait ┐ t'aiged fri talmain face downwards, PH 454 . a agaid fria lochtaib, PH 8227 .

(b) With attá: ni bḟuil bur n-aighedh le clesaibh riderachta, RC xxix 112 § 8 . is indess ro boí a aged [.i. do Temraig], Trip.² 1011 . Note also: aghaidh gach droichsgéil amach! all evil away from us! Dánta Gr. 9.1 .

(c) do-beir a.¤ co, fri turns towards, makes for: tucsat agaid a long gu . . . turned their ships towards, Lism. L. 2968 . mad cucainni dobera Conch. ┐ Ulaid a n-agaid if C. and the U. make for us, CRR § 21 . tugaisse aghaidh ar Ifearnn, Aithd. D. 70.21 . do bhert a aghaidh ar uaithnibh `he directed his course by Uaithne', AFM vi 2144.20 . tuc an toiced a haghaidh ar in rí, fortune turned her face towards the king, Expugn. Hib. § 64 . tug R. / aighidh ar an lucht rosling `R. has turned to the people who had defeated him', Studies 1919, 256.3 . tucsat a naigid innaenfecht for Leth Cuind attacked, SG 369.2 . ( LL 299b1 ). tugadar a n-aighthe ar airgne ┐ ar éadála . . . do thiomsughadh turned their attention to, Maguires of F. § 13 . ro thriallsat . . . aghaidh do thabhairt ar dhol a nulltoibh `attempted to effect their passage', AFM v 1854. 13 . gibe ealadha ara ttiobhra duine aghaidh whatever science a person may turn to, Rule of Tallaght § 67 . tug a aghaidh res an uile he faced everybody, DDána 15.9 . Note also: tar Carrthaigh . . . / cuir aghaidh na himeirche tar cuan L. face the band over the shore of L., DDána 74.49 .

III In prepositional phrases.

(a) before, in front of (with AR, FOR, FRI, I N-, LA): nemhsgathmhar ar a.¤ a eascarad `undaunted before his enemies', Rel. Celt. ii 196.6 . an tan curtar ar aigid na gréne é when it is exposed to the sun, O'Gr. Cat. 259.8 . magh . . . do bī ar a n-agaid before them, ML² 1039 . ercid is-in less ar bar n-agaid, PH 4371 . for agid Tripolim, Rawl. 71b6 . Eoin re haghaidh an leanaibh in the presence of, Dán Dé xi 18 . fuair cricha na hEtáile re [a] aghaidh before him, CCath. 1225 . dogní munterus fri-a n-aichthibh they pretend friendship to their faces (opposed to behind their backs), PH 7704 . rucait i n-agid ríg Lochlainne they were brought before the kings of N., CRR § 13 . Peadar abstal na aghaidh / do shéan Iosa `in His presence', A. Ó Dálaigh li 11 . do radh go im agaid `to my face', MR 76.14 . Cf. an president . . . do shuidhe lé hacchaidh Sruthra `laid siege to S.,' AFM v 1640.16 .

(b) towards, in the direction of (with i n-): tainic . . . N . . . ana aigid-seom, Trip.² 313 . na daine do rala do na aigidh who met him, Laws iii 178.12 Comm. erigid-siu 'na agaid go to him, TTebe 4179 . dodechaid bó dasachtach ina agaid `came towards him', RC ii 398 § 37 . guais don tí nach tabhair lón / i n-aghaidh na dtrí dtionól (of Judgement Day), Dán Dé xxii 32 .

(c) against (with FRI, I N-): táinic Seth . . . is misi ann re aguidh `where I was awaiting him', Ériu iv 116 § 21 . do ordaigedar . . . a forairedha do c[h]ur re h-agaid Eōgain on the watch for E., ML² 445 . roeiridh an abhond ré aigid the river rose against him, TTebe 3582 . ba tearc d'Ultaibh re a aghaidh `few of the Ulaid would resist him', Aithd. D. 8.4 . ro chansat-side brechta druidechta ina agid, LU 4028 ( SCC § 48 ). in fer ro bai ina adaig i.e. his opponent, Laws iii 218.7 Comm. i n-agthib na srotha sain against the current, TBC-LL¹ 4210 . ata comaimserdhacht ina adhaigh sin there is a synchronism contradicting that, Ériu iv 144 n.19 . is amlaidh ata in leiges a n-aiged na nadura, RC xlix 25.z .

Up (of a slope, steps, etc. with I N-): cloch mulind do chur ana agaid shlebe to roll a millstone up a hill, TTebe 1669 . a n-aghaidh in staigri upstairs, Fl. Earls 218.16 . anagaid aird uphill, Maund. 31 . cuirid i n-a.¤ opposes, contradicts: doirbh leis an gcorp cor 'n-a aghaidh , Dán Dé xix 3 . doreir baramhla na ndaeine nglic nach fuil cur ina agaid accamsa `to which I do not object', Maund. 157 . gan ar breith do neach dhíobh freasabhra ná cur 'n-a aghaidh , Keat. iii 102 . ro chuir ina acchaidh a aindliccheadh ┐ a eccóir fair `upbraided him', AFM vi 1972. 10 . do-icc i n-a.¤ : na tecait i n-agaid in rechta atharda, IT i 170.9 . ní fetar teacht a n-agaid chainti an chumachtaigh sin, TTebe 1075 . tāinic O . . . . i n-a aghaidh sin O. disputed that, ML² 612 .

(d) for (with FRI, I N-): iasg i n-aibhnibh re a aghaidh `for him the fish fill the rivers', Aithd. D. 36.3 . aingeal re haghaidh gach aoin, Dán Dé xxiii 3 . dogēn-sa in cētna at agaid I shall do the same for you, ZCP xiii 181.z . i n-aghaidh mo dhísle dhuid / m'ḟaghail is tríbhse tánuig in return for, TD 14.37 .

(e) for the purpose of (with FRI, LA): fri agad bretha ┐ cocerta, Dinds. 18 ( RC xv 412.15 ). aingeal re haghaidh smachta an angel to correct (Michael), Dán Dé xiv 4 . fri h-aighid a biata `to prepare food for them', MR 50.18 . go mbeittis i náon ionadh re hacchaid báis an fhior-naoimh, BNnÉ 273 § 246 . lé haghaidh Somhairle do cennsucchadh, AFM v 1820.12 .

(f) on the point of, about to (with FRI and vn.): atámúid re hadhaigh catha do chur we are about to give battle, Ériu v 190.480 . do bí M. . . . le haghaid sil éorna do chur, BNnÉ 232 § 146 . re haiged techta duinne cum in gleannasa `before we entered', Maund. 257 .

(g) as an offset to, corresponding to, instead of, etc. (with I N-): ro badur bessa ac na mnáib sin a n-aghaid mathusa na fer sin as a counterpart to, Acall. 7310 . cid fodera foimeilt in ferainn do dul a n-aghaigh na eineclainni annsin? `what is the reason that the use of the land goes (is set) against the honor price in that case?' Laws iv 258.1 Comm. 'na aigid sin in compensation for that, TTebe 1633 . Aed mac T. do athrigad . . . ┐ Aed mac F. do rigad doib ina adaig in his place, Ann. Conn. 1350.9 . luagh i n-aghaidh th'anshóigh, Dán Dé xii 12 . bliadhain i n-aghaidh na h-uaire a maireann an t-éiclips uirre féin a year for every hour, Corp. Astron. 158.4 . i n-aghaidh a ndearna dhóibh / do shaothar is do sheanmóir in return for, Dán Dé xi 24 .

(h) In Laws in phr. ar a a.¤ féin on one's own, in one's own right: ara aigid fen a ænur, CIH vi 2281.13 (Uraicecht Becc) . no ara aigidh fein, UR 102 § 2.11 . o bus orgain airlechta in druith ar a aigid fein a aenar, cin adhbar, cin bidbanas `of his own accord', iii 158.8 . a lan dic ar a aighidh fein, 244.y. eneclann don triur is uaisli bis and ar a naigid uodein `on their own account', i 164.21 . .x. samaisci ar a n-aigid bodein `at their own natural value', v 66.28 .

IV In adverbial phrases.

(a) a.¤ i n-a. (FRI, AR, DO etc.) face to face (with). atáit dá clar-cisdi mora ann in n-agaid a n-agaid, Todd Nenn. 94.x . ragab tilaig agid i n-agid dona sluagaib, TBC-LL¹ 4557 . agid fri agid is Glenn Mamra directly facing, Rawl. 73a31 = is and ata sein aigid d'aigid fri glend Mambra, BB 6a9 . ag feitheamh na Tríonnóide aghaidh ar aghaidh face to face, Ó Héodhusa 54.16 . In Laws Comm. of things set off against each other: a da nindlighedh aghaidh inaghaidh, Laws ii 140.12, 78.29, i 114.5 .

(b) ar a.¤ forward, ahead: buille air aghaidh a step forward, Donlevy vi 19 . do chum gnothuighe móra ar nanama do chur air aghaidh `to help on the great affair of our salvation', 444.19 . ag dul ar aghaidh going forward, TSh. 10793 . Sometimes with poss. referring to subj. of prec. vb. toircidh . . . ar bar n-aghaidh , `right a head', Cog. 86.14 . triall do b'áil ar a haghaidh, Aithd. D. 81.2 . ara aghthib ┐ ara culaib forwards and backwards, CCath. 3612 .

(c) In Laws Comm. do a.¤ , for a.¤ of improper motion of flail: in cet sceinm do leth da aghaidh forwards, Laws iii 222.8 Comm. ata leth aithgin ann for a aighidh when it slips forward, y. noco naithfegtar acht aighidh nama account is taken only of slipping forward, 224.2 .

Compds. With adjj.: abach . . . agedban, CCath. 4099 . occlaech . . . agedchain fairfaced , CCath. 6026 . Aeneas . . . fer imlethan aideadhdherg red-faced , BB 427a50 . gach inad uiscidhe, agaid-fhliuch flooded , MR 256.15 . da óclach . . . agaidhgeala, TBC-LL¹ 4346 v.l. in allchnocoip agadlethnaibh broadfaced, CCath. 5634 . ind fir athlaim agedmóir broad-faced , LL 20345 . With noun: dá lethantrosdán . . . ag imachar a haighedhcnám front bones (shin-bones?), Caithr. Thoirdh. 104.y .

(d s. of 2 áe?). In phrase ar aí, and with demonstr. ar aí sin, araide (resolved by Zimmer, KZ xxx 5 ff. , as: ar a aí sin (the possessive is written only in late exx.), ar a aí side. Cf. ar apa, ar apaide s.v. 1 apa). Note the alliteration in: ba rogarb araí in robud, Metr. Dinds. iv 250.63 .

I As prep. phrase folld. by gen. or by verbal clause.

(a) on account of, because of: arái na feli Caindich `on account of Caindech's feast-day', Mon. Tall. 135.8 . enech cóicid do brith . . . araí óenḟir, LU 9209 ( FB 94 ). cíarbo dú dogra don tír / ar ái in ríg-sin sech cach ríg?, Metr. Dinds. iii 200.6 . ar aoi dioghla m'amghaire because I had avenged the ill-treatment I had received, Duan. F. i 86.26 . ar aoi an éinpheacaidh, DDána 20.12 . ar aoi clóghuine an Choimdheadh, 46.15 . ger bhó hoirdearc Sean mac cuinn . . . ar aoí a ccoccadh friSaxoibh , AFM v 1748.5 . madh ar máise (: báise) for my sake, ACL iii 295 § 16 . ronnassa secht qumala for in mbantrebtaich . . . ar ae tect il-lu[b]gort Gūaire, 1.11 . araí beith can bíad oentráth, RC vii 300.168 . ni haire ro-raid in t-aingel so ar-ái co mad i nGalilee toisech atcifitís a apstail Ísu `on account of its being in G. first that the apostles would see Jesus', PH 3416 . ar aoi a héiginsi d'fhurtacht, `for helping her necessity', Studies 1921, 75 § 18 . ar aoi ar fhuluing ar ar son on account of what he suffered for our sake, Desid. 6256 . araoi sin cuirit . . . for that reason, Fl. Earls 120.13 . co nar bo h-áil dóibh dol i n-imcheine on mbaile ar a aoídhi, AFM vi 2212.9 .

(b) as regards, in the matter of: is adbur rig arái delbha, Sc.M² § 14R . ni frith díb oenfer foleith / folilsad arái ṅgaisc[e]id, SR 5776 . a Capadóic dó ar-ái chineoil, PH 1124 . ni dlegad som arai dleastanuis sin `as regards legal right they are not entitled thereto', RC xxiv 186.20 . gidh im bhocht ar áoi mbiorair though I am poor as regards watercress, BS 86.14 (§ 43) . Aodh ba sóamh díobh ar aoí n-aoisi gion gurbhó hé ar aoí n-oirbertais, AFM vi 1916.7 . cidh daíne ar ai fhuatha is [anm]anna indligthecha ar aí n-ecna `for though men in form they are brutish beasts in intelligence', Stair Erc. 1311 . In dates: i n-oct kalaind Mái ar-ái lathi mís greni in the matter of the day of the month, PH 1106 . for-ái lathi mís grene,—inand ón ┐ ar-ái lathi sechtmaine is-in bliadain hi-tám, 6920 .

(c) for the sake of, for: ar ái oenḟer (n-aoinfir, v.l.) d'imchomét, TBC-LL¹ 1674 .

II As adv. with adversative force nevertheless, however: nad biu-sa resna sluagaib ní ba siriu, bar F. . . . dessid F. riasna sluagaib arái, TBC-LL¹ 496 . ┐ arai fessa dam mo thustidi féin nevertheless let me know (who were) my own parents, LU 1682 . ranic tra co ham tuismeda di ┐ arai nir scuir dind fhognam, RC xxiv 190.11 . tugad dise hé . . . ┐ aráoi ni móite fuair-siom sláinte, TTebe 807 . arai som dano dofocrait cath for Eochaid in spite of that, LL 14402 . tangatar . . . ina aghaidh, ar a aoi ni ró chumhaingset ní dhó, AFM iii 88.11 . bátar acc folmaise a bfobartha . . . ara aoí ní dheirgensat `but, however they did not do so', vi 1884.14 . arái sin ní théit immach, TBC-LL¹ 198 . arái sein barroega F., 4413 . ar-aí sin ra érig Crom D., MU² 504 . arai sin tra roshantaigh imon comairli . . . do dhenum, Aen. 779 . fairend . . . dogníat trócaire . . . ┐ biit araíde i llaxai, LU 2195 ( FA 27 ). ro chuindig ceat a athar ┐ ni tharut dí. Araide dochuaid si cen chetugud dó, IT i 40.8 . araide batar sonairte seom, 74.19 . robæ dano comēt leisseom ar inn ingin. ┐ araide rostoirrchestar quidam vir nobilis , Rawl. 147a44 . adlesc-som aráide do dhul i ndíthrub, PH 4743 .

Note also (as conj.): araíde nocha herbartha-su, lest you say, Alex. 828 = araba, Anecd. v 2.9 . See also Bard. Synt. Tr. 17.27ff.

i also aicméil. With -ch-/-gh- aichbéil, MR 308.20 . aighmhéil, TD 24.10 . See aidbéil.

Adj. with a wide range of pejorative meanings which may be classified approximately as follows.

(a) fierce, severe, harsh: rom-sáerat . . . ar cach n-ammus n-aicmeil (: Aipréil), Fél. 120.z . . . . amais aigmheile easscardemhla, AFM vi 2112.2 . gním aígsech acbeóil, LL 298b50 ( SG 367 ). T. na dtreas n-aigmhéil, DDána 64.34 . ar ndul i gceann a chéile / don dá fhoirinn aigmhéile, 85.16 . gor ba airbe aighbéil anrata iat-sein eturru, MR 140.11 . sharp, acute: dind ḟochaind amnais acbéil, Metr. Dinds. ii 68.42 . tria intliucht n-amnas nacbheil, BB 332a7 . Compar. and superl. mar is . . . ágmaire ┐ is aigbéli ro fédadar, MR 222.24 . aighmhéile, Desid. 4647 . Adv. co hacbéil, LL 244a10 ( TTr. 2025 ).

(b) dangerous, perilous: masa clesa neamaicbeile . . . masa clesa aicbeile, Laws iii 284.22 Comm. cid fodera o rab aicbeil hi cen a dilsi uile? `dangerous', 220.6 Comm. as aigmhéil toghluasacht do theacht uadha sin periculum est ne abortiat , 23 K 42 , 73.17 . do budh aigmeil gortugud . . . na menman timendum est de laesione . . . mentis, O'Gr. Cat. 204.26 . gona aigbeili, TTebe 4519 . sbairn 'na n-aghaidh dob aicmeil it was dangerous to fight against them, Ériu iv 222 § 39 . urchor . . . aighmeil, MR 284.27 . ar armaib . . . aigbeli, Cog. 158.z . aigmhéil dá (do v.l.) bharr / béim súl ar chách ré a chladhfhaicsin (complimenting a lady on her hair), DDána 114.8 .

(c) terrible, awesome: co nderna thúaig n-uathmar n-acbéil . . . de (of Cú Ch.'s distortion), TBC-LL¹ 3804 . sech ifrenn n-ūathmar n-acbē[i]l (: cēin), BColm. 48.9 . sechnon Ēirenn aigbēile, ML² 155 . dol d'argain an ollomhan / . . . / mon ngníomh n-éagosmhail n-aigmhéil `for the unseemly, woeful deed', TD 3.27 . adhnaicit siumh gerbh aiccméil / in gobainn isin aiccen, BNnÉ 65.5 . Of a person: an t-iarrla aghmhor onconta aigmheil `awful', Rel. Celt. ii 260.30 . da congbad a muinter fein / a gesa don naem aigbeil, Fen. 270.14 . Lasair inghean Ronáin réidh / an bhannaomh uásal aigmhéil, Ériu v 80.36 . lucht crúadhaighthe caingneadh réidh / grúamaighthe airrdhean n-aigmhéil, Studies 1919, 256 § 4 .

Compar.: aigmeili lais in ugdar in set do gait a haentig oldas a haenmaigin `the author of the law viewed the stealing of the seds . . . as of greater enormity', Laws i 164.31 Comm. aicbeile don rig a facbail amaich, iii 496.17 Comm.

(d) wretched, despairing: iachtadh aigmeil ┐ gair truagh, RC xxviii 312 § 12 . éagcaoine na n-anam n-aigmhéil, TSh. 6540 . bertaid-si aichni aicbeil for in scel sin ┐ teid a ciall uaithi `she turned a terrified attention to that tale', Aen. 791 . Adv. go haccaointeach aigmhéil, TSh. 4010 .

As subst.: i naicbelib in armuigi amid the horrors of the battle-field, MR 316.19 .

n (aidbirseóir)

(a) opposition, hostility, enmity: a ndéarna . . . dh' aibhirséoracht a n-aghuidh Padraig, Mac Aingil 6221 . in aibh[ers]eoracht doni thu re haidhigh bháis, Fier. 238 . Note also: in ti . . . do gheibh aibheirseoracht = de . . . collatione adversitatum, ITS xxix 150.17 .

(b) temptation: gur tria n-a aimsiughadh ┐ áidhbhirseōracht táinic marbadh dhiūc de B., Fl. Earls 136.21 . droich-spirut aimsigt[h]e aidberseóracht, 216.28 . ? neach . . . do rin aidhbhirséoireacht ┐ conntrácht ar Mochuda, ITS xvi 126.21 . a n-aghaidh aidhbhirseorachda an diabhail, Parrth. Anma 3080 . táinig draoi mar a raibh Mochuda do dheanam adhbhairseorachta air, `to tempt him', ITS xvi 92.26 .

n also ága(e). n., Críth G. Vocab . m., IGT Decl. § 2 . joint, member, part of the body: cach mball ┐ cach n-alt . . . ┐ cach n-áge, LU 6445 (TBC). cech n-alt ┐ cech n-aighe dhe, RC xiii 5.11 . corbó lán cech n-alt ┐ cech n-ága and dia grád, TTr.² 492 . fail sund á.¤ do churp ríg, Metr. Dinds. iii 190.1 . na fer fogla fri haga . . . .i. an gae do denum fri a memru, O'Curry 454 ( H 3.18, 242a ). cor trascair M. . . . coro scor i mminagib, LU 6721 . ní ricfad acht do chnámi mintai ┐ t'aigi fodailte arís dochum longphuirt, TBC-LL¹ 1856 . co ro-cuir úad i n-a n-ágaib minta, CRR 50 § 47 ( LL 10029 ). condaralsat é na ágib, LL 22396 . nambrethed i n-aigib, Dinds. 42 ( RC xv 433 ). roscáil a chnáma 's a chorp / ruc cach n-ága co hard-phort, Metr. Dinds. iii 372.78 . ni roan don beist conderna aighedha fogalta feolscaeilti di, Grail 2040 . gerraidh a cuirp ┐ doní aighedha ega dibh, Stair Erc. 2314 . ?gur fhobair aghaidh fhoghladh ┐ fheolsgaoilte do dhenamh de (of a young bird attacked by the mother bird), Celt. Rev. x 138.26 . ní faca ball nā aidhi di cen crechta, Grail 1776 . ciat imdha ágha mo chuirp . . . biaidh cell im gach n-ágha díbh, ZCP xii 391.14 . ar lár gach áighe . . . dhíom, DDána 42.16 . Of a joint of meat: míach . . . fri haithchumba[e] n-á.¤ dia chethrai, Críth G. 190 . no rannad cech n-ágae cona chlaidiub, TBFr. 126 . trí haige bruithi and, Laws i 48.2 Comm. creic aige carrnu i n-a tech, v 284.30 . tuc ága ar cach mbir fosech, RC vii 300.159 .

n m. Decl. varies. in t-a.¤ , Laws i 92.29 Comm. g s. aignath, ZCP xiii 19.31 . aignedh, Laws ii 80.16 . d s. aignid, ZCP xiii 20.12 . g p. na n-aidhnead , Cóic Con. 59.5 . d p. aighneduibh, Laws ii 80.27 Comm. With g. sg. aigni, ZCP xvii 50 § 19 . d s. a.¤ , Laws ii 80.26 Comm. n p. aigni, O'Curry 812 ( H 3.18, 375a ). With g s. aigneda, Laws i 90.y . n p. aighnedha, ZCP xii 359.22 . g p. na n-aighnedha , O'Curry 1269 ( H 3.18, 515 ).

One learned in law or in the practice of law; lawyer, advocate, pleader (on the functions of the a.¤ see Cóic Con. p. 11 ff. ): a.¤ .i. fer aiges ái; nó fer gníes ái .i. airc[h]etul nō cai[n]gen, Corm. Y 74 . cis lir aigni? . . . a tri: glas-aigni ┐ a.¤ airechta ┐ a.¤ frisinnle brith, O'Curry 812 ( H 3.18, p. 375a ). See glasaigne, 1 airecht, fris-indlea. ma ra foglainnsetar condat aigneda (aighne v.l.) fris n-indle breith . . . mas condat aigni airberta . . . mas condat glasaigneda (-aighne v.l.), Ir. Recht 46.w . See airbert. da trian na cuic set sin do fechemuin toicheda ┐ trian do a.¤ toxuil, dá trian cotuc a.¤ toxuil do a.¤ fechemnuis no dono cunabeth ní do na haighneduibh etir . . . .i. ruinn ar do itir aighne toxuil ┐ a.¤ tagra, Laws ii 80.26 Comm. aigni toxuil ┐ fiadnaisi, i 302.16 Comm. inge tri baegail naigneda, 90.y .i. tri hernaile ima baeglaither in t-a.¤ , 92.99 Comm. secip tacra dogniat na haicneda iar mbreith na brethe . . . ni bid smacht roairdi no roisli . . . and, O'Curry 250 ( H 3.18, p. 123 ). da-bera int aigni aichni forin conair coir the a. must be able to recognise the correct process (of judgement), Cóic Con. 17 § 7 . damad im leas n-eclasa nocho biad eiric arin n-a.¤ edir, 60 § 142. ni haighne nad óenaigedar ai he is no a. who does not unify legal process, ZCP xii 364.14 (see Cóic Con. 11 ). trí cumtaig gáisse . . . dagaigni do airbirt, Triads 178 . gen áigne ic nech 'n-a agaid with no advocate to speak for him, PH 7521 . inmain in fáid F. / ba haigni cáid . . . / . . . / ind ḟir lúaith o Lifechair, Metr. Dinds. iv 320.6 . cáit i bhfuil aighne mh'anma, Dán Dé iv 2 . dom aighne budh éadtarbha / bheith Dé Luain ar mo leas-sa, it will be a fruitless task for my advocate, 6 . a aithearrach mar aighne / it aghaidh ní iarrfaim-ne, DDána 11.33 . is tú bhus aighne, a Dhé, dhúinn, 57.21 . níat breitheamh ann niat aighne, Content. xiv 22 . ?orggain [in]na rīgingen / bid scél bid fhassach naenrē, / bid ōen di neort na flathæ / for haidni na borime, ZCP xiii 376.18 = for haidní, xx 223.6 (Baile in Scāil).

adj o, ā (ainécht) given to evil or violent deeds: ar marbad Chellaich chrechtaich / da ḟir-muintir ainechtaich, Metr. Dinds. iii 414.26 . ba heitigh aineachtac a dealbh . . . i lleth ra C., RC xliii 78.4 . As adv. tucc . . . a aghaidh go haneuchtach ar cath Conghal, ITS v 62.5 .

n = ainecnaid: co racha a n-aghaidh Dia mar ainegnaidhe, ITS xxix 111.32 .

m. Vn. of ar-cuirethar. g s. airchair, LU 5093 . aurchora, 5764.

(a) act of putting forward, extending; extens ion: ni haurchor saegail damsa in breath ron-ucus, BDD² 216 `it is not an extension of life to me', p. 76 . dommí aurchur amsere, IT iii 53.22 ( FS Mackay 230 ). sutrall . . . for lassad co léir / . . . / iarna terchur fri dídnad / cen herchur cen airdíbdad, SR 4372 (for airchra?).

(b) cast, shot: focheird N. . . . aurchor dó, LU 5764 (TBC). focheird . . . airchur trén forsinn-ailig, SR 6154 . guma cuigi budein no berad in t-urcur, Laws i 6.8 . tārlaic urchor do gaī mór form-sa, Sc.M² § 10 . do-leci . . . tri haurchuru forru ┐ is traidiu dusfanic int erchor dedenuch quam in tossiuch, ZCP xx 219 § 5 . co táirthed . . . in n-urchur dollécéd asa thailm, LU 5160 (TBC). bla liathroit urcur faichi prim cathrach, Laws iii 252.17 (perh. in sense (c), Plummer MS. notes). bud aurchor deoraid sin ┐ ni ba hicht urraid, TBC-LL¹ 1288 . meni arrais din chétbulli no din chéturchur, 1282 . ro gab int inar ┐ tuc urcur isin tened de threw it into the fire, Cog. 142.16 . tuc rogha n-urchair di masterly shot, Comp. CC 121.16 . guro cuir in tond urcur dib . . . ic calad na hEperi `the wave cast them into the harbour of E'., CCath. 3360 . snidis urchor d'ōenuball dó, MacCongl. 51.3 . ro athchuirset da urchur . . . eturru, MR 254.16 . téid crann ó Dhonnchadh fa dheóigh / bann tar orchar in áirseóir, IGT Decl. ex. 1309 . aga imdhiden ar urcuraibh a escarnamud, ZCP vi 57.6 . toisech M. do marbad annsin d'oenorchur tsoigti, Ann. Conn. 1288 § 5 . díc uiscidhi co n-urchur saigte a fidhbac fora lethi `an arrow-flight in breadth', Marco P. 123 . gur tolladh . . . d'urchor d'ubhall í i bparrthas (of the human race as represented in Adam), TSh. 2549 . a.¤ imruill a shot that misses, see imroll. In proverbial expressions: orchar re haill a shot in the dark(?), DDána 93.6 . urchor i n-aghaidh ruaige flogging a dead horse(?), 101.29 . Fig. d'urchar aithrighe, DDána 58.6 . Of a person: slat an urchair ioldánaigh `scion of artistic cast', Arch. Hib. i 91 § xvi .

(c) As measure of length: aurchor snedar cach leth is é córus a airlise, Críth G. 219 . an turcar cuires uadha an boaire dhí sin (i.e. the cnairseach) ┐ aé na tsuighi a ndorus a tighi ┐ así maigin digona in boaire um a setaib, Laws iv 226.11 . teora foirge ┐ urchar flescaidh, 126.10 Comm. da cuaid M. ed urcair re cach advanced the length of a cast in front of the rest, Cog. 168.27 . ruc Créide . . . edh urchair do mnáibh Eirenn, SG 112.14 . See 2 ed. fot n-aurchora on cathraig a stones' throw. LU 9136 ( FB § 88 ). no téigtis fot n-ahurchara riam, BDD² 138 . buí fot n-ahurchara etarru, 300 . rót n-airchuir see 1 rout.

(d) Concrete, the dart or weapon discharged: honnaib cetnaib erchuraib gl. primis telis, Ml. 34a13 . erchoraib gl. iaculís, 75b8 . Note also: airchur arathir (air chura rathir MS.) gl. temo, Thes. ii 48.35 .

(e) ni dlegar fochruic na urcor dib, O'D. 560 ( H 3.17, col. 439 ) (`? contribution, cf. English shot', Plummer MS. notes).

n In techn. term orgain a.¤ used of certain forms of assault: minab ann tora uadh ina conair dligteac cin a tarrachtain acht argain a.¤ , BCrólige 64 gl. 8 and n. ardslechta .i. ardfollus, ut est madh orgain ardslechta ro oir nech .i. dia n-oirgi co hardfollus for a adhaigh (= aghaidh) aonar nech. Nó mad orgain ardfollus oirgis se nech, O'Dav. 115 . [o bus] orgain airlechta in druith ar a aigid fein a aenar . . . is techta cach druit[h] . . . ina cinaid, Laws iii 158.8 Comm. , 202.5 Comm. mad orgain airrleach[ta] ro hoirg nech, Ériu xi 69 x . Note also: an t-ār-s[h]lecht oirlighthi, ML² 1792 .

n ā, f. Later also m. O. Ir. áram. áireamh (g s. and n p. -imh, -mhe) m. IGT Decl. § 101 . áirimh, f. (g s. and n p. -mhe), § 150 . Vn. of ad-rími.

(a) act of counting, reckoning, estimating; number, numeral: tri thogairm nanmae dæ ┐ arim a degmaine, Ml. 102d17 . ārem gl. et in calculo, Mittelalterliche volkssprachige Glossen 18 . bidh i a n-arim [fír]chert / do gaethaib da gaeth deec, SR 51 . baí ica n-áirim tria fisidecht, LU 2852 . Forgall . . . ansu árim a ilcumachta impossible to count, 10265 . teimel imorbuis Adaim / dodonarcheil ar araim `hath prevented us from being counted', Ériu xii 180.z (TE2). ocht míli déc a n-arim míli eighteen thousand reckoning by thousands, LL 219b5 ( TTr. 173 ). sé rígh ḟichead d'áireamh flath `in the reckoning of princes', TD 7.46 . is ed ro harmed ann xx. mili ar arem ainfir `twenty thousand to a man', Ann. Conn. 1256.5 . go ráinicc trí chétt cenn in airemh dibh, AFM iii 588.11 . áireamh a fhearta / lia ná áireamh sneachta sin, A. Ó Dálaigh xxxvi 10 . airim craeibhi ar conuibh Finn i.e. Finn's hounds are as numerous as branches, Acall. 192 . snaidhm díamhair ar tháobh na táibhle / sáor ag íarraidh áirmhe as, IGT Decl. ex. 1385 . dofarcat cech nárim `who surpass every number', Fél. July 15 . co ndechaidh tar airem a nesbadha their losses were innumerable, RC xviii 173.2 (Tig.). ni fuil airim ara med do clēirchib . . ., 30.33 . ro femed a airium and ar marbad do gallaib, Cog. 38.1 . number, numeral: huare is haram foirbthe ind aram séde `because the number six is a perfect number', Thes. ii 31.25 . numerus .i. is á n-aram `it is their number', Ml. 18d3 . isí chetne aram sainigedar fri hunáir, Sg. 41b9 . na nota áram gl. numerorum figurae, 6b21 . frisin n-araim ṅgrecdi gl. ad Graecum numerum, Thes. ii 34.28 . fotha airim (airmi v.l.) = fundamentum numeri, Auraic. 690 = fotha airme, 3319 . lochdach iomurbháidh a ttús chomhfhocuil . . . no áireamh i.e. a numeral is not to be used as first element in a compound, IGT Introd. 24.23 .

(b) certain collective quantity, amount, sum: in n-arim gl. summam, Ml. 36a27 . amal bid i n-araim gl. in summa, 88c12 . In Laws used in the technical sense of the proper number of stock which a claimant may place on land to which he lays claim, Plummer MS. notes: biri airem lat .i. da ech i llaim, O'Curry 850 ( H 3.18, p. 386a ). dobeir do airim isa tir, O'Curry 851 (ib.). berid forcraid nairme hi tir, ib. dilse nairme i.e. forfeiture of the cattle in an illegal entry, O'D. 746 (H. 3.17, col. 541). dia mbera airaín (sic leg.) for airím teachta do dainib ┐ eachaib if he brings any persons or horses in excess of the legal number (it is all forfeited), Laws iv 26.3 Comm. is leth dilsi nairme i sodhuin, 26 Comm. fiac techtai[g]the . . . ┐ dilsi nairme, iii 148.6 Comm. cenmotha airme ata mo, ii 110.14 .

(c) reckoning, computation (of time): 1602 do réir airmhe na Saccsan ┐ do reir rímhe na Romhan as 1603, AFM vi 2322.y . re n-aiream suas co saerNín, BB 14a5 ( MacCarthy 316.z ). do réir áirimh na nEabhraidheach, Keat. ii 124 . ind áireamh na naes, Leb. Gab.(i) 2.13 .

(d) grammatical number: áram inchosaig dede ar is áram ilair . . . acht asringba óen, Sg. 71a2 . dobriathar áirme `numeral adverb', 71b14 . ar is coitchen ade cacha áirme, 198a14 . dechor nuird in arim fil indib ┐ it anmmann uirdd fo ṡodain, 41b7 . ní aiccidit di aram air cia beit dobriathra persandi robiat sidi cen áraim, 71b8 . ni techtat arim, 161a2 . doḟoirdet áraim, 203b11 . do chenelaib ┐ áirmib ecsamlib `to different genders and numbers', 211a14 . etir di árim, 72a2 . trissin n-airim nilair, Ml. 48c19 .

(e) act of enumerating, recounting: ni tairesad a thuruim, no a asneis, no a arium no a innisi [an] ro odimset Gaedil, Cog. 50.18 . Machabeus . . . / cen árem ni foelab, Gorm. March 31 . áireamh ┐ iomrádh a n-éacht ┐ a n-áitheas do dhéanamh, TSh. 5578 . beag dhe ré n-áireamh na aghaidh little can be said against him, Content. xxv 10 . cóir a n-anmanna dh'airemh, IGT Decl. ex. 1136 . gi bé do dáileadh damhsa / gan é d'áireamh oramsa that you did not count against me, TD 14.9 . ní chlos éin-bhean aca sin . . . ós breacmhoigh Éireann d'áireamh no woman amongst them is heard of as having ruled over Ireland, Content. xxx 21 .

(f) estimation, repute, account: docuala h'airem ┐ h'ardnos, ZCP vi 25.21 . fuair ar eachtra áireamh ríogh `wins kingly glory on foray', Magauran 1683 . aon dhuine ba mó . . . aireamh, AFM iv 680.5 . ant aentaisech dob ferr icht ┐ airem ┐ enech, Ann. Conn. 1281.3 . [ní dearnadh] . . . ó ló [th'éaga] . . . / míorbhail nar chuir áireamh ort, DDána 59.32 .

(g) act of reckoning with, among (LA, I N-): is la brethir a n-áram gl. quare non sunt separanda a uerbo, Sg. 26b17 . nephdenom rainne di foleith acht a aram la ainm, 188a22 . mad t'árim immorro bail i m-biat dagláich, TBC-LL¹ 1851 . 'sgan mindeabhaidh ann d'áireamh, TD 4.18 . In phrases: téit i n-a.¤ : tet i n-airium aitgina do cuic seoit na hoidhche sin the five seds of that night are reckoned as part of his restitution, Laws ii 16.28 Comm. ni teit i nairem cinad do cuilain do breith having brought forth whelps is not taken into account in its trespasses, iii 416.1 . do-beir i n-a.¤ takes into account: nim-mór as tabart[h]a i n-árim na tacair, LL 229b44 ( TTr. 932 ). ni tardat i n-airium cenela n-examla, BB 3a7 . ní thibérsa tusa i n-áirem `I will hold thee of no account', PH 1804 .

(h) regarding, reckoning as (AR): ba háiremh ar easbuidh dUltaibh a iondsoigid fothaibh his attack as good as meant defeat (lit. loss) to the men of U., ZCP xiv 232.1 . meic ríogh san fhochla fhéinneadh / fíon gléigheal ortha d'áireamh they were reckoned as, IGT Decl. ex. 139 . clann M. . . . gé fhuairsed urri áirem though they have been reckoned amongst them (lit. her) (?), Hy Fiach. 214.2 .

n back, hinder part: for a.¤ in slebe on the ridge of the mountain, RC v 200 § 12 (cf. a .i. cnoc, O'Cl.). ? do treabaidh a.¤ na muire, Leb. Gab.(i) 36.11 . Cf. colla tha.¤ be off, Mon. Tall. 130.12

Frequ. in phrases with prepp., with or without poss. referring to accompanying noun or subj. of verb.

With AR, FOR: dena coinmed cruaid do shlūaig ar cech aiss (: tais) `on every side', KMMisc. 262.2 ar cach a.¤ co roicher Róim (: mhais) that somehow or other I may reach R., SG 29.34 . ar a.¤ back: tērnoidhiss ar a.¤ , Fl. Earls 130.33 . miana an chuirp do chur ar a.¤ to drive back, Dán Dé xix 8 . an séad-sain ar a.¤ d'fhagháil to get back, DDána 102.33 . do bhuain na hinghine ar a.¤ `to recover the maiden', TD 20.51 . ar a.¤ ní fhuighbheam do mhóid /cóig glais muna fhuilngeam uaid `I shall not set back Thy anger', Dán Dé ix 3 . With poss.: luid S. for a a.¤ S. went back, Trip. ii 394.17 . tángadar ar a n-a.¤ , Maguires of F. 22 .

With FRI: a.¤ re ha.¤ together, DDána 90.14, 38.10 . Frequ. in phr. gaibid fri ha.¤ (fria a.¤). Prob. in literal sense in: ra gab-sum a charpat re aiss he took his chariot on his back, TBC-LL¹ 6048 = fria ais, TBC-I¹ 3622 . In later lang. sets about, undertakes, takes over, takes charge of: crann snais do char ar mo cheanaibh / gabh ret a.¤ 'n-a aghaidh `set about plying an adze on my sins', PBocht 4 § 36 . g abhaim re ha.¤ clódh do ghníomh, Content. xxvii 12 . gabhaidh (sic leg.) re a.¤ . . . gach neach takes charge of, Dán Dé xiv 5 . cia ghabhas m'anmain ré a.¤ `who will take charge of my soul?' iv 1 . aire rogab ainm ria a.¤/ara altrom a Cromglais therefore he took the name, RC xvii 150.14 (Tig.). a leigheas ní ghéabh rem a.¤ I shall not undertake, Dánfhocail 210 . doghabh ré a a.¤ cádhas ┐ onóir do thabhairt don fhír-Dhia, Keat. ii 5370 . rogabh re a.¤ nach ligfedh aenduine tairis isin conuir, ZCP vi 56.9 ro gabh fein an oifficc sin fri a a.¤ , AFM vi 2020.5 . Note also: ro chuiredar ra haiss aris she is sent back again, LL 7482 .

Further uses (in some exx. in literal sense): dambeir ria aiss tarsin n-uisci he brings it on his back (brings it with him?), TBFr. 216 . mo dhuanaire tabhair ret a.¤ bring along with you, Studies 1923, 598 § 5 . Rí na hinogbála cona chroich . . . re a.¤ carrying His cross, RC xxviii 316 § 24 . an chroch d'iomchur ré a.¤ féin / do Chríosd dob éigin ei-séin, Dán Dé xx 22 . go n-iomchram an chroich ret a.¤ along with you, Aithd. D. 92.17 . fuarusa re ha.¤ an fhir / seal dob áoibhne dárbh fhéidir by his side . . ., Studies, 1918, 452 § 8 . fuireann d'fhíoruaislibh a chúigidh féin re ha.¤ gach ríogh dhíobh together with, Keat. iii 571 . re ha.¤ gcearcaill na cruinne in addition to the circle of the universe, Studies 1918, 281 § 12 . Cf. in dan Laidni ata uaidh le hais na bethadh do scriobh i Laidin follows (goes with?), Mart. Don. xxv 9 . ria a.¤ in addition, Leb. Cert. 32.z .

With TAR. Usually with possessive: ro chachain . . . laíd dó dara a.¤ over his shoulder, LU 6789 . fil suil ṅglais / fégbas Erinn dara ha.¤ , 308 . ro-ling isin carpat īar cūl C. co rragab a chenn dara aiss seized his head from behind (him), Sc.M² 20 . co rop ar m'agid sair toethus ┐ na rap dar m-aiss síar backwards, TBC-LL¹ 2310 . co torchair faon fortarrsna dara a.¤ isin luing, RC x 185.22 . trilis tara haiss síar over her back, LU 4519 (TBC). rolā a moing dar a ha.¤ , Fianaig. 16 § 43 . ní racha sibh tar bur n-a.¤ you will not go back, Fier. 79 . ni tiucfa beó tar th'a.¤ as súd `thou wilt not come back alive', ZCP vi 72.30 . na huili uisci do dhul ina certinadh . . . féin tarana.¤ arís, RC xxviii 310 § 3 . ros-láset ind ḟairend daranaiss behind them (oppd. to arambelaib), LL 219b34 ( TTr. 192 ). Without poss. cuirfe tar a.¤ a n-iomshníomh you will dispel their anxiety, DDána 74.57 . fógairthear tar a.¤ na huile `wrongs are repealed', TD 32.67 . iar dteacht tar a.¤ do Dhiarmaid, Keat. iii 2160 . nach féidir gairm thar a.¤ do dheunamh air cheachtar don dá bhreitheamhnas to revoke, Donlevy 186.21 . In phr. druim tar a.¤ (falling) over backwards, head over heels, upside down: co tarrla druim tar a.¤ dochum in tsrotha, RC vi 177.108 . an long d'impodh druim tara.¤ capsized , ZCP vi 294.20 . cuirfid se in cride druim tar a.¤ , PH 7798 . do theilgis mo ráitte-se druim tar a.¤ = retrorsum, TSh. 1596 . Note also: bid dál ḟota hí ni ba dál dar aiss (: brais) (of Doomsday), LL 307a10 ( SG 386.20 ).

adj i

I

(a) sharp, keen. In physical sense, of a blade, point, etc.: amal in n-altain n-á.¤ , Ml. 72b8 . ette no benn múir no pinna á.¤ gl. pinna, Sg. 67a7 . mar bad do altain á.¤ etruim nad berrtha, TBC-LL¹ 1892 . gae aith etromm, 5570 . cloidem á.¤ amhnas, 5501 . bera áithe, PH 1204 . clocha . . . aithe, IT i 190.27 . in torc cusna eochraibh aithi .i. cusna fiaclaib birathi, Laws v 444.16 Comm. a sheanshaoghlach á.¤ ḟionnḟuar (to a weapon), TD 33.10 . Equative: ba háthithir delc sciach, LU 5920 (TBC) = ba hathidir, LL 12539 . Compar. áithiu cech delg is ou, PH 4136 . cia mes (.i. faebur) is áithe na glám? Ériu xiii 81 § 287 . slega ba haithiu rinde, BB 490a16 . Superl. cía háithemh eó? what is sharpest of points? (of satire), Ériu xiii 25.6 . Cf. O'Dav. 40 , 770 . Compd. ¤rind: tar éis Bresail á. áith, Metr. Dinds. iv 144.6 . ? guaire aithrind fair he had sharp-pointed bristles (of a sea-cat), BNnÉ 77 § 146 = g. aitenndai, Lism. L. 3798 (cf. adrind).

(b) Of mental powers keen, acute, sensitive: ba há.¤ á inntlecht, MacCongl. 17.11 . ropat áithe étrumma a bretha ┐ a chocerta, Tec. Corm. § 6.49 . Cellachán á.¤ imgrind, Ériu i 128.18 . no shárgind én aith im og I used to rob the keen bird of its egg, IT i 158.12 ( LL 20181 ). gan fhear gcoimhghníomha an fhéil á.¤ , DDána 91.41 . einech urlam á.¤ , KMMisc. 274 § 67 . Compds. ¤-airec: aith-airec acutum inuentum , Hib. Min. 8.253 . ¤-chíall: in drui sin amnas co n-aithcheil (: Béil), LL 17750 .

(c) quick, active, keen: at aithi athluma for n-errid, BB 429b35 . a óghmhacaoimh á. éadtruim, DDána 67.13 . aith .i. luath ut est aithem gaibes tuinide .i. is aithi no is oibne gaibis tuinide ma don teallach medhónach (= is aithiu aem .i. is luaithiu, Laws iv 2.10 Comm. ). Nó aith .i. gér, ut est aith amail altain, O'Dav. 126 . aith .i. ger no luath, O'Cl. Adv. ro lenait . . . co haith, Cog. 76.12 . o romgeibh fúacht isind aigh / tigim go háith 'na aghaidh , BS 58 . ? aith ro classa ri airbriu / di ráith fri daigniu demniu, LL 705 (ait aitt v.l., ITS xxxix 170 § 12 ). Compd. tar tuinn anfaidh áithneartmhara, DDána 89.8 .

II Subst.: áith éachtach comhlainn (of a sword), Measgra D. 14.25 . ? esbadach aith īarna dīth inna thacht (of a pig), (B. na f.), Ériu vii 6 § 7 . ? aith cen lén (cheville), SR 5249 .

n o, m. See Lochlann ii 214 . act of rebuking, blaming; blame, rebuke, reproach: do thabirt dígle et do aidbiur foirib `to punish and to reprimand you', Wb. 14c40 . . . . illa prophetica detestatio .i. indath[b]er mo indasfenad, ZCP vii 481.22 (Enchir. Aug.). ferais in slúag athber ṅgúr / forsind ríg . . ., SR 6093 . cia focerdaiter do aithbiur, Laws iv 60.19 Comm. na ben-sa aithuer (frim-sa add., do add. v.l.), Anecd. ii 60.12 . nocha ragha aithfer fort, 28.1 . ro bás acc tabairt a aithbhir fairsiumh they were laying the blame for it on him, ZCP x 4.10 . co comraicet . . . na pecdaig fri cetaidber ┐ fri cetchesad na conaire, IT i 180.23 = -glífit, LU 2087 ( FA 15 ). na tabra ai[th]bhir na litir orum `do not reproach me concerning the letters' (appended by scribe), Ériu ii 224.y . fors in rig ba coru a aithbhir do bheith, MR 50.11 . a ndiongna sé d'aithbhear oirn to reproach me for what he will do, Dán Dé xix 14 . atá mé i n-aghaidh na n-aithneadh / faghaibh gan é d'aithfear (the sinner appealing to St. Patrick), xii 27 . an chlann dar dual dola ar neamh / ag tuar a fhola d'aithfear i.e. the human race was destined for heaven but had incurred the blame of shedding Christ's blood(?), DDána 27a.29 . a fúair sé dh'aithfer an ḟill blame for the treachery, IGT Decl. ex. 872 . aithfear do thabha[i]rt dár bhfearaibh, Párl. na mB. 2712 . gan aighfer a phecaidh do chor ar dhuine oile, Ó Héodhusa 211.2 . ba roscremda ind aithbiur, ZCP iii 228.20 .

With immaithber (-ir): bai aithber imaithber ogaib in aidchi sin: bai dono a n-aithber uili for Tuirrn there was reproach and mutual reproach amongst them that night but they all blamed T., Aen. 2886 . do badur ac aifer imaifir fria cheili, YBL 158a38 = co n-aithber imaithber occu fria araile, LB 111b58 . ar rob iomdha aithber iom aithbher mairgnech ┐ meirten . . . reproach on reproach, AFM vi 2288.20 . róide ar n-aithredh dob aithnidh / móide in t-aithber imaithbhir, IGT Decl. ex. 896 . In concrete sense of retribution, punishment (cf. perh. aithbe, 1 aithe): genaid cach fer araile ár nibá hecal leis a aitber fair that he will have to make retribution for it, LU 9749 . cual . . . no imarchainn gacha domhnuigh . . . ┐ is e a haitfer sin roberar orm `this is the retribution that is inflicted upon me', RC xiv 54.13 . With subjective gen. ar oman Foruinn ┐ a aithbhir, Laws i 20.26 Comm. ní hé a n-aithfer féin téit ḟorro . . . acht aithfer mh'uabair-se they are not being punished on their own account but in revenge for my pride (of slain enemies), RC xiii 86.3 . leic a.¤ na ndea formsa `let the gods take vengeance on me', CCath. 1784 v.l. With oc: ag aithbear an uilc ┐ an eccóra ar lucht m'inghrema, BNnÉ 266 § 233 . gib é do dhéna ingreim . . . ar I. C. beid na deich cet naomh . . . aga a.¤ air, ZCP x 22.19 .

adj -ech in Ml. Also atharrach. o, n. Vn. of ad-eirrig (see also aithrige). Later m. atharrach, aithearrach m. (g s. -ig, n p. -igi), IGT Decl. § 55 . aithearrachadh, atharrachadh, Verbs § 84 .

(a) act of repeating; repetition: is gnáth do a n-aitherrech `that repetition is usual for him', Ml. 94a3 . is gnath hi salmaib aitherrech forsna sunu cétnai, 133d2 . aitherrech forsanóinainm, 131a8 . atherruch i ṅguth ṅgnáth . . . is é in taitherruch . . . emnad óenfocuil i n-oeniniud isind runn ┐ cen lenamain dé o ṡein immach i.e. repeating a word or words as a device in poetry, LU 407 . aitherruch ar guth ṅgnath ar randaigecht moir inso, IT iii 79 § 50 . ar n-imdugud ┐ ár n-atheruch athgon ┐ athbulli, LL 226a23 ( TTr. 657 ).

D s. used as temporal adv. again: aithirriuch, Ml. 46b1 , 48d27 , 60a9 , Thes. i 489.36 ( Tur. 80 ), Críth G. 311 . oitherroch, Thes. ii 242.18 (Ardm.). aitherrach, Laws i 92.5 .i. . . . atharrach fechtusa eile, 98.23 Comm. atherruch, SR 1546 . atheruch, LU 1763 . TBFr. 228 . atherrugh, Ériu i 215.19 . aitherruch, ii 122 § 61 . Of dates, etc.: cusin samain a.¤ until next Hallow's Eve, RC x 224 § 14 . in seachtmad fichit isin mis chetna athirrach, Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 24.37 . With prepp.: d'atherruch, SR 7408 . d'aithearrach, Dán Dé xxviii 12 . canir dano biad fri aitherruch an extra Beati is sung, Mon. Tall. 131.7 (§ 8) .

(b) act of changing, altering; change: aitherrech cheitbada lesom anisiu `he has here a correction of sense', Ml. 98b5 . dom aithirriuch gl. mihi ad emendationem, 22d5 . tairmrith .i. atharrach, O'Dav. 1577 (Fél. June 4). aithearach dlui n-assa, Laws i 268.7 .i. in oiriut bes . . . ag athearrach dlui, 300.22 Comm . a aitherruch as 'and removal [of the corpse] out of it', Mar. Dis. 48 § 38 ( Rawl. B. 506.45 ). m'olc d'aithearrach to change my evil nature(?), Dán Dé vi 36 . gan síl Adhaim d'a.¤ / máthair Chríst gar comhfhortacht, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 338.21 . atharrach na breithi `abrogation of the decision', Hy Maine 142.7 . do-gnid . . . imircedha ┐ aitherraige longphort `changes of camp', CCath. 3439 . earbuis . . . an sēpēl d'a.¤ `to remove the chapel', Fl. Earls 122.32 . athearrach aigidh turning pale, CF 654 . fir Alban diar n-a.¤ , Duan. F. i 89 (in sense of malairt destroying us(?), iii 80 ). Gramm. gan connsuini láir an fhocuil nach pearsa d'a.¤ d'ogham le hégsamhlacht ngáoidhilgi not to alter, IGT Introd. 3.4 . With DI: ni indliged doib athairec din conair fora setchi to transfer from one procedure to another, Cóic Con. 23 § 23 (atharrac, v.l. See note p. 82.).

(c) Common with gen. in sense of malairt lit. a change of, hence a different, another (cf. malairt): dia roibh a seanathuir i nannoit ┐ a athuir in atharach annoite, Laws iii 66.12 Comm. cia domrad Dia a n-aitherruch ecaisc (of an abbot changed into a woman), Anecd. i 77.15 . a.¤ cresa, Grail 3249 . a.¤ cuir do chor don choróin `to transfer the crown' (of the Earl of Essex), AFM vi 2258.13 . do glacadh aitherraigh aēir `take a change of air', Fl. Earls 238.2 . nach iarrthar a aithearrach sin nought else save that, Parrth. Anma 1258 . a aithearrach mar aighne / it aghaidh ní iarrfaim-ne no other advocate, DDána 11.33 . ni bhfuil m'aithearrach ann `there is none beside me', Isaiah xlv 6 . Redundantly: nách fuil a aithearrach ann achd é féin, Mark xii 32 .

(d) diversity, variety: tuic co tuicter [atharrach] fiabrais do reir aiterruigh na córp ┐ na ceoand = secundum diversitatem vaporum et corporum, Rosa Angl. 50.7 . is imdha atherrach creidium innti `a great variety of belief', Maund. 145 . dá chinēl déc . . . d'atharrach céol, RC xxiv 376.16 . lia d'aithearrach aosa ciúil `more numerous the variety of its musicians', TD 27.10 .

n u, later o, m. (1 áith) Also áthas.

(a) sharpness, keenness: taithiunn . . . ni fristarddam ar n-áthius, Thes. ii 293.19 . ? is ē tricius ┐ āttius imoroget, TBC-I¹ 2554 .

(b) successful feat, exploit, victory: is maith in celmuine . . . bud lindi a n-ait[h]us `ours will be the triumph over them', Aen. 1943 . búaid n-échta ┐ áithesa for fer th'inaid, BColm. 72.14 . a haithli in áthais after the victory, Mer. Uil. 205 . dodēntar āthus dā druim victory will be achieved as a result of it (of the reciting of a prayer), ZCP x 345 § 7 . ba há.¤ go n-anáithes do desmumhain sin `a triumph without joy', AFM iii 388.3 . muinnter na bainrioghna dfaghbáil an áithesa sin ar a n-esscairdibh, vi 2176.3 . do cumhnaigh Oisín a áithesa móra, CF² 507 . do éirigh iomad áithis leis i n-aghaidh díbhfeargach `he had much success against rebels', Keat. ii 653 . d'aithius aenorchuir by a single successful shot, Ann. Conn. 1398.24 . re háithius aenbéime, MR 302.8 . á.¤ imgona, 254.23 . mar Fhionn ar ghliocas mar Oscar ar áitheas, Hackett xl 238 .

(c) joy: na bith athus ort tri beth ad ridiri `rejoice not in being a knight', ZCP vi 28.15 . See further under anáithes

io, n. Later f. Vn. of ad-noí. In later lang. with dental inflexion in pl. n p. aitheanta, DDána 20.4 . aichenta, SG 16.32 . g p. aitheantadh, TSh. 9691 . Note also n p. aithnighi, ZCP vi 83.22 .

(a) Act of depositing, handing over, entrusting. In Laws used of the handing over or depositing of any object of value with another person apparently either for safe keeping or on loan; also of the object so handed over, abstract and concrete applications not being distinguished. ? atait secht treaba . . . ariscuille coir urnadhma a.¤ ar cia loiscear ni tuillit aithgin seven houses in which according to correct procedure for binding contracts a pledge may not legally be deposited(?), Laws v 160.2 . secht n-a.¤ . . . na dlegat a taisic seven deposits . . . which need not be returned, 190.13 . atait secht n-a.¤ . . . dlegait a taisic . . . a.¤ laime do laim etc. seven deposits which must be restored, 196.1 . na huile a.¤ uile ro haithnighedh do duine all the deposits which have been entrusted to him (= sét, 5 Comm.), ii 304.15 Comm. trian isan a.¤ naenuaire `for taking charge of property for one hour' (during a battle), iii 218.23 Comm. cidh fodera co fuil trian ar a na.¤ seo ┐ co na fuil acht dechmadh is na aithnibh aile? 220.3 Comm. cid fodera co na fuil acht leth fiach isin a.¤ so ┐ co fuil lan fiach isin na.¤ eile? 500.13 Comm. aithni láime . . . a.¤ sula . . . a.¤ tengad, O'D. 938 - 9 ( H 3.17, 659a ). ingairi an aithni, O'Curry 240 ( H 3.18, p. 135 ). an a.¤ do dena duine d'a cheile . . . da ndechad amugha as ic do, O'Curry 302 (ib. p. 166). a slechtaib aithni . . . don tí da tugad ar oin no ar a.¤ , 2460 ( Eg. 88, fo. 37(38)c ). in cutruma . . . do ic o fir in tigi re fir na ha.¤ , O'D. 348 ( H 3.17, c. 268 ). corus aithni aracan fénechus, 938 ( H 3.17, c. 659a ). O'Dav. 692 . im oin ┐ im a.¤ ┐ im airlegad, Laws ii 280.4 Comm. sét óna no a.¤ , i 248.11 Comm.

In non-legal texts: a n-a.¤ gl. depositum, Sg. 66a26 . maraith sercc céin mardda a.¤ love remains as long as gifts (?) remain, Thes. ii xxii 1 . tri dorcha in betha: a.¤, ráthaiges, altrom `giving a thing into keeping', Triads 249 . trí a.¤ na dlegat taisec: a.¤ n-écuind ┐ ardneimid ┐ a.¤ fuirmeda, 157 . atcota aichne augra `giving in charge begets strife', RC xlv 63 § 17 ( Anecd. iii 11.13 ). aithnedh (a.¤, v.l.) tāinic ūad / ara rīsedh slān `the deposit that came from him' (i.e. the soul), Ériu iv 238 § 17 . cach n-aithni co coimdi every pledge is to be protected, ACL iii 228.73 . ba comrar aithni tuath ┐ ilcinel na h-uili Aissia it was a chest for the wealth of all the peoples and races of Asia (of a city), BB 444a32 . In cheville: dob olc an aithne, Content. xvi 70 . Of entrusting a person to another's care: dursan dam t'aithni dot aileamain . . . do mnui meblaig I am loathe to entrust you for nurturing to a treacherous woman, TTebe 2234 . do chaithfinn m'a.¤ d'Iosa I must commend myself to Christ, Dán Dé i 2 . sinn don aingeal gar n-a.¤ (i.e. Michael), DDána 99.44 .

(b) act of commanding, enforcing; command, behest: a a.¤ do cogad do dhenamh `exorting him to fight', Cog. 147 n.12 . ar a.¤ m'uachtráin at the behest of my superior, MS. Mat. 550.14 . cuiriss (viz. an pápa) a letrecha ┐ a a.¤ co n-a shēla mōr go priōir L., Fl. Earls 142.16 . ro thōcoibset na doctūiridhe de ier gcor a.¤ i n-a aghaidh against his orders(?), 144.18 . ní droch-a.¤ dhamh `it is not a bad principle of mine', Content. xviii 112 . Of enforcing payment of debt: rīg do aithne na fhīach, MacCongl. 45.25 . ? élud a.¤ athgabáil, Metr. Dinds. iii 18.224 (things not allowed during an assembly). In scriptural sense commandment: ga mhéud a.¤ ann? — deich n-aithenta, Parrth. Anma 2120 . tuccad na haithnedha do Móyci, Maund. 48 . crann na ha.¤ (the forbidden tree of Paradise), Dán Dé iii 6, 13 . mar do choill Éabha an a.¤ , DDána 6.8 . cúig a.¤ na heaguilse the five precepts of the church, Mac Aingil 3104 . cuirid fa a.¤ ar enjoins on: do cuir fa a.¤ orra dul isin oilen he enjoined on them to go to the island, ZCP xi 122.17 . cor chuir Dia fa a.¤ ar C.C. rí Alpan do denamh d'Aedhan, 126.11 . a cur fa a.¤ orra gan Cormac do chur docum bais, BCC 278.23 .

(cf. 1 íar, tíar etc.) Adv. of place stressed on second syll., see Bard. Synt. Tr. 25 § 217 and rhyming exx. infra. Also aníarana.

(a) from behind: in fobairthi-si éirgi tairis a.¤ ? Mer. Uil. 60 . occá sirḟegad imme anair ┐ a.¤ anes ┐ atúaid, LU 2028 ( FA 10 ). iter armaib . . . na laechraidi . . . uime anoir ┐ a.¤ `in front and rear', TTebe 983 . In phr. fri x a.¤ towards x from behind, behind x (indicating position rather than motion): condechaid triana chend ┐ co romarb nónbar ris a.¤ behind him, RC iii 179.12 ( LL 13994 ). cethraimthe Taige Midchuardda / bíd fri ríg aniar /teora cethramtha aile / sair co dorus dian, LL 3707 . Perh. also in: fer gill do gíal(d)naib friu a.¤ , Críth G. 586 . triar fris a.¤ ┐ anoir, BDD² 677 .

(b) from the west (very often implying position rather than motion): duimchella son in cathraig andes ┐ a.¤ , Ml. 67d8 . co nn-aca in scath chuci a.¤ , LU 9058 ( FB 81 ). ro-dālsat-som etir a.¤ ┐ anair, Sc.M² 5 . tuc leathtorad maistirtha aniar brought in (i.e. from the kitchen), Lism. L. 1296 = protulit, Lat. Lives 65 . Of the west wind: aniar (anair MS) ind odur engach, SR 72 . i n-aghaidh na gaoithe aniar, TSh. 10718 . With the idea of motion much reduced : coinnm[h]e a-níarana 's a-noir / foirne íarradha eallaigh, Bard. Synt. Tr. 25 § 218. 9 ( Ériu v 56.59 ). bean do ḟréimh Uidhir fa an-iar / ag réir chliar dar dhoiligh díol a woman . . . from the west, DDána 103.2 . inghean Con Connacht fa a-niar, 12 . fa a thuathaibh do iadh 'n-a fhéithleannaigh / gur léircheangail a-niar go Cruachain gcraobhchollaigh, Aithd. D. 4.13 . do fholchadar . . . / . . . / an maghsain a-noir 's a-niar (: Ghailfhian) on all sides, 33.21 . detiu . . . tair . . . aircsiu nama aniar `in the east . . . in the west', Laws i 66.21 Comm. airm itát na laith a.¤ bérait toilg trisin cath sair, TBC-LL¹ 5773 . do-bhir an ghrian fa Lach Léin / a dath féin a.¤ um nóin, IGT Decl. ex. 884 . don taoibhse aniar `to the west', TD 14.20 . In phrase fri x a.¤ west of x (of position): fri abinn a.¤ , Thes. ii 242.3 (Ardm.). fri grecia a.¤ `west of Greece', Wb. 6d17 . fri iordanen anear, ZCP xxi 288 § 42 . (cryptic) aninchiar (MS. aninoibiar) .i. aníar, Goid. 78 § 192 (Dúil Laithne) , ZCP xlix-l 612 .

Compds. ¤-dess from or in the south-west: aneordes, Thes. i 3. 18 note c. and p. 715 . adchíad nell a. a ndochum, RC x 72.17 . aniardess (of the wind called Favonius), Hib. Min. 40.10 . ¤-túaid from or in the north-west: a. (of the wind called Circius), Thes. ii 13.30 (BCr.). aniarthuaid (of Pessima), Hib. Min. 40.25 . don aird aniartuaidh, Ériu viii 121.28 . fri Domnach Mór aníartuaith north-west of D.M., Trip.² 2411 . re taobh Themrach aniartuaidh, ZCP xi 44 § 63 .