orig. part. of boingid (see Corm. Bodl. 55.13 ). For quality of -cht in inflexion see GOI § 351.

(a) Adj. o, ā poor : b.¤ gl. pauper, Ir. Gl. 1058. b.¤ .i. a nomine botus (βρακύτης, ed.) .i. angustia , Corm. Y 175. ind aiso boicht gl. inopes . . . et pauperes, Ml. 31c1 . a richt duine boicht in the guise of a poor man, ZCP iii 34.30 . fédb b.¤ , PH 1307. im oidigecht do duine b.¤ , 7154 . a tigh a deiscibail boicht fein, Smaointe B. Chr. 1724. a D. . . . b.¤ `unfortunate D.', Stair Erc. 2432. a dhuine bhoicht ná bí díomsach miserable man, DDána 43.2 . ó Mogha neamhmbochd Núadhad, IGT Decl. ex. 110. ēdaighe bochta = poore cloathes, RSClára 7a . críoch . . . bh.¤ an bhróin (of Banbha), Keat. Poems 983. neóide bochta buidhne Dé (of the murmuring Israelites), Hackett² xxxvi 54. re gnothuighibh na beatha boichte-si `of this miserable Life', Donlevy xix 5. Of one who has taken a vow of poverty: ar riaghail .S. Clára boichte riaghalta, RSClára 53a . In the phr. béo bocht penniless, destitute : do bhí bheó bocht isin sáoghal so, Ériu xv 42.31 . gidh mór dīobh do bhī beó bocht 'though there were many of them who were destitute', Ériu lxiii 56 § 30 .

Compar. as superl. an té is boichte air bioth, Donlevy 162.5 .

(b) As subst. o, m., ā, f. d s m. b.¤ , Ml. 61a5 . g s m. boicht (with superscript i), 27d7 . a p m. bochtu, 26b19 . b.¤ m., g s. and n p. (implied) boicht, bochta, IGT Decl. § 38. b.¤ f., g s. boichte (implied), n p. bochta, § 39 . poor person, pauper ; (the) poor (in collect. sense): intain conairleci inna bochtu fo chumachtu inna sommae, Ml. 27d10 . maith . . . du denum fri bochtu gl. cura namque pauperum Dei, 129c4 . taibred ní . . . do bochtaib `to the poor', Wb. 22b7 . iura . . . dorigensat int sommai frisna bochtu, Ml. 28d7 . donaib bochtaib, 28c3 . dán ecna do gni rig do b.¤ , LL 346a35 . amal . . . bochtu, Alex. 976. is na ainm sasaim-sea bochtu ár bid Crist i persaind cech b. iressach, IT i 40.17 . atbeirthi Conn na mb.¤ fris, ar a mhéd do bhochtaibh no biathadh do ghrés, AFM i 420.4 . an b.¤ bráthar `this poor creature of a friar', Aithd. D. 70.5 . go dtáiream b.¤ id bhochtocht (to Christ), 92.6 . cuid an bhochta the poor man's portion, IGT Decl. ex. 985. 'na banboicht gan ní fa nimh, ex. 1062 . a Cill Athrachta ní ḟuil / acht athbochta ar na n-argain very poor women (?), ex. 1063 . tegar boichti, ex. 1064 . do rochtain . . . an bhoicht ┐ an tsaidhbhir, TSh. 361. in b.¤ condig ind almsain, PH 6145. biathadh leis na boicht `(Coemgen) regaled the beggars', BNnÉ 162 § 26 . na mná, na boicht, na brughaidh, / na huird is na hollumhain, DDána 63.6 . lan eini in boicht (of a measure of food for debtors while in confinement), Laws i 106.22 Comm. ro fodlad . . . in biad sin do bochtaib na cell comḟocus bai doib `the poor of the neighbouring churches', RC xxiv 64 § 26. ro ḟodail Brigit na bú do bochtaib ┐ do aidilcnechaib Dé, IT i 40.z . dho bhocht Íosa Críost, Desid. 1330.

Compd. bochtballach ( Laud 610, 21b ) ` poor-limbed (of starving men),' Plummer MS. notes.

n f. vn. formation apparently from *to-ro-buith, but corresponding in meaning to do-rorban < *dí-ro-ben hinders (Plummer MS. notes cites Lat. turbatio). See Plummer, Ériu ix 32 , Thurn. ZCP xv 330 . For form and inflection cf. 1 esbaid, tesbaid. n s. also tairbad, Fianaig. 10 § 9 . turbhadh, DDána 40.3 . g s. turbaide, Laws i 198.24 . turbhuidhe, LBranach 690 . More commonly turbada. thurbhuidh, LBranach 3976 . ? Gleanings from Irish manuscripts 34 § 32 . n p. tirbithi, Wb. 14d13 . a p. terbaide, SR 8319 . turbaide, ZCP xiv 383 § 47 . tirbada, Rawl. 86a45 . turbadh, turbaidh, g s. -aidhe, -i, IGT Decl. § 12 , § 13 . See torbad, torbaid, trúig.

I

(a) hindrance, prevention, interference, delay: tucad t.¤ chotulta | do Mac D., Sc.M² 3 . is t.¤ ém damsa ... dul dia fhuaslucud-som ┐ mé alacht I am prevented from going to help him, LL 126a5 . techt do thrāthaib ... | cen terbud, cen meth, ZCP xiii 30.12 . dia tairmesc no dia terbaid, IT ii2 228.49 . mainbad tairbad bāis dīmair `had mighty death not intervened,' Fianaig. 10 § 9 . dá cét slechtain ... | ... | a ndenum cen nach t.¤ to be carried out unfailingly, Ériu i 197.3 . don turbhaidh thug ar an dtóir his harrying of the pursuit (?), DDána 64.7 . fa turbadh ḟíre d'Ulltaibh violation of the rights of the men of Ulster, IGT Decl. ex. 545 . créad an turbhaidh atá ort | gan teacht ?, TD 2.40 . lé Rughraidhe gur threabh Temhair | ben turbhaidhe d'fheraibh hí forbidden (?), 23 D 14, 32 cited TD ii 203 . terbadh aighae oenaigh Tailtean `prevention of the celebration,' AFM i 416.11 = derbaid, AU i 298.3 .

(b) trouble, misfortune, disaster: `turbhuidh' ainm gac[h] urbhadha, Metr. Gl. 17 § 45 . turbhaidh .i. urbaidh no tubaisde, O'Cl. cia rodbatar tirbithi aili fornn gl. ex multa tribulatione et angustia cordis scripsi uobís, Wb. 14d13 . ro múchad, mór tirbaid | míad L., Fél. Prol. 169 . ? mithigh lámh fri turbhaidhe domhnain cé, AFM ii 618.18 = tarbata, ACL iii 311 § 6 . a mbeith fri tress fo thirbaid ` in distress ,' Metr. Dinds. iv 130.3 . fūair turbaidhe agon tuind teas, ZCP viii 227 § 7 . gach turbhaidh a-tá chugoinn ` ruin ,' Aithd. D. 98.5 . do leath a turbhuidh timchioll (of a land bereft of its chief), C IV 1, 176b cited TD ii 203 . do chuaidh ar dheis Dé nimhe | oighre an Athar ainglidhe | a thurbhadh uaim dá fhagháil | uaidh a-dubhradh deasgabháil `we had caused his coming down,' A. Ó Dálaigh xlvii 12 . turbhadh d'olc na hEireann `ruin from the ills of I.', Studies 1921, 75 § 15 . mar mhac M. | do leas turba an tearcbhóllaigh `repaired ... the loss of the cattle-pen,' Ó Bruad. i 198.6 .

II Temporary exemption from fulfilment of legal obligations or from infliction of penalties (most commonly athgabail `distraint') on grounds of certain external contingencies recognised by law; the grounds of this exemption; the period of the exemption . See de Jubainville, RC vii 228 f. Thurn. ZCP xiv 383 , xv 333 f. is anad di (athgabáil) re [re] na turbaide, Laws i 198.24 Comm. taurbaid aithgabala ... mani deraib terbaid exemption from distress ... unless it be prevented by exemption,' ii 122.4 , 12 Comm. athgabail tar turbuid distraint in violation of an exemption, v 256.31 . deithbir turbadha `law of exemption,' i 102.21 Comm. do rer dligidh turbhadha, ii 36.22 Comm. turbaide breigi false claims to exemption, v 310.15 Comm. gach turbaidh cána nar hicadh fri ré in righ `every deferred legal due' (Plummer MS. notes), O'D. 687 ( H 3.17, col. 504 ). cach turbaidh tecmaic dlighid a tasc `every accidental t.¤ (e.g. due to death) must have notice given of it' (Plummer MS. notes), O'D. 944 ( H 3.17, col. 661 ).

A list of the grounds of exemption is given at Laws i 266.20 - 268.10 , ending with: cach turbuid co ndetbire iar ndia ┐ duine, dlomtar fiadhain fridh coimde cirt coir `every exemption on ground of necessity before God and man, witnesses are named after a just and proper manner.' Note also: athgabail fir bis ben fri uaithni .i. ... i n-uair gabala na hathghabala táinic in turbuid ann, O'D. 89 ( H 3.17, col. 76 ). athgabail fir for a nascar fir caire .i. dul do cairiu fira, ┐ ro ba t.¤ co toirsi on cairi muna gabadh apadh i turbaidh .i. sechtar crich tiagar and; damad a crich nocha bia t.¤ in fat sin air (i.e. a man travelling outside the territory to undergo trial by ordeal has exemption), Laws i 198.19 Comm. t.¤ conaire `Entschuldigungsgrund des Weges' (i.e. a man on a journey is exempt from prosecution), ZCP xviii 388 . t.¤ éca a athar ro airbertnai ... ann, ┐ ata in t.¤ seo do gach duine iar neg a athar, O'Curry 1619 ( 23 Q 6, 7a ). turbuidh .i. galuir exemption on grounds of illness, Laws i 282.26 Comm. secht turbaide im-a-dichitis cach re la Feine: geall sloighed ..., v 308.16 . turbuide athghabala sloighedh amuigh gonus ┐ loisgas, ii 102.2 Comm. [e]slān taurbad[a] tascuir rīg the exemption due to the arrival of a king, ZCP xv 332 § 25 , see pp. 333 f.

The period of exemption varied from one day to one year: turbuid urnadmu mna co hiar trisi ... turbuid eirce slabrad co de mis ... turbuid gaiti mad for innsi ... turbuid dearmuid dala co arabaruch acht imtongar ro gabu de a chuimne ... turbuid galair sirg iarmotha mis, O'Curry 737 ( H 3.18, 353a ). t.¤ bliadna ... t.¤ erraig no fogmair, Laws iii 392.y - 394.4 Comm. cain bera do dlighedh arbera do turbaidh. Turbaidh bliadhna do cach duine i nÉrind iar n-éc righ Érend, etc., O'D. 944 ( H 3.17, col. 661 ) = turbuidhe, O'D. 739 ( H 3.18, 353b ). in turbaidh bliadhna ata don n-ecodnach, O'D. 2352 ( Rawl. B 506, fo. 40b ).

Eccles. turbaide techta in domnaig (sic leg.) `lawful exemptions of Sunday,' Ériu ii 208 § 32 . cen t.¤ cen díchell do neoch bes hi cumung na eclaisi without exemption or neglect of all that is in the power of the church, i 220 § 11 . go cech t.¤ techtai conmestar brit[h]im, Anecd. iii 22.11 .

Hence in Mod. Ir. respite, cessation: go bhfríoth dar dtaoibh-ne turbhadh | do-ghéabhtha i mbais Dé a dhearbhadh that we have obtained a respite, DDána 40.3 . don té lér fhás t'oirbhire | níorbh é tráth na turbhuidhe `period of exemption' (Gloss.), LBranach 690 . turbhadh adhnadh `cessation from burning (castles)' (Gloss.), 2795 . timcheall tighearnais an tuaisgirt | ní turbhaidh tharla ar tuir mBaoi, DDána 110.30 . le turbha time `enjoying a respite from terror,' Ó Bruad. i 122.z .