v (* ad-reg-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 592 ). Indic. pres. 3 s. adruig, O'D. 2222 (Nero A vii, 151a). Pass. sg. adregar, Laws iii 22.12 ; adragar, 14.11. -arragar, 2.2. -áraghar, Ériu xiii 13.23 . Subj. pres. pass. sg. ad-riastar, Laws iii 228.7 . ?Fut. 2 s. adroeris, Fél. Dec. 16 (see infra). Pret. and perf. 3 s. adracht, O'Curry 756 (H 3.18, 358a). 3 pl. atrechtudur, Laws i 22.z Comm. Pass. sg. ro arracht , Laws ii 78.25 Comm. Pass. pl. -arrachta, Laws iii 26.28 .

Vn. árach.

Later as simple vb. áirgid, áraigid.

(a) binds (in physical sense): acht bid o lias no airbe adriastar a laeg, Laws iii 228.7 . adragar don nomad cleith on dorus, O'Curry 564 (H 3.18, p. 281). in gaid airgither . . . don crand, O'D. 568 (H 3.17, col. 440). ma ro airge he . . . is cu ced cintach dligach hi . . . munar hargi . . . is cú céd cintach inndhlithach hi, O'Curry 2505 (Eg. 88, 41a). in ti ro airgestar he don crand crin cuachda, Laws iii 416.26 Comm. coro airgiset (araigset, choraigset v.l.) a n-eocho dergae do dorus in tige (with gloss .i. corcengailset,) BDD § 37 = áirgiset, BDD² 342 . Fig. airdugdu[i]r in tSencusa (i.e. Senchus Már) . . . atrechtudur suainemain filidechta fou who bound a thread of poetry round it, Laws i 22.z Comm. buaid find Ualentini / co cléir cháin atróiriss (atroiruis, atroris, atroirius, adroeris (.i. tarrais), atroeroiss, atreris, atroeris v.l.) `with a fair train thou wilt tie him' (but perh. difft. vb.), Fél. Dec. 16 .

(b) binds (legally): adragar cach fria techta .i. airgitir cach fria dliged fein everybody is bound to what is legally right for him, Laws iii 14.11, 17 Comm. laich ┐ laichcesa ┐ aes tuaithe adragar fri flaith, .i. airigther iat fo dliged na flatha, 14.28, 16.3 Comm. lanlog einiuch don fir isa faithe ma ro arracht [in athgabail] fris, ii 78.25 Comm. cid fris naragar aithgabail cuicthi in dul is gnathu do gres oldas cach athgabail, i 250.15 .i cid frisi nargither ana cuicti for in athgabail, 252.1 Comm. (cf. fris-áraig). ?cid i n-agar (aragar v.l.) breithemnus berla Feini . . . i fir ┐ dliged ┐ aignead, v 2.1 . dirithe cach dia flaith . . . do neoch adregar doib, iii 26.4 .i. do neoch airgither do dleisin doib, 8 Comm. adregar, inomblegar (sic leg.), fegar, asrenar cach ndliged do neimtib, iii 22.12 adregar .i. forin cintach, z Comm. arachta (?adracht) cach racht isa sund co n-arrachta in da recht, 26.28 . airgidh leat so ┐ ro bia so tar eisi, v 188.19 Comm. ar ni [a]ragar neach tar a cumang .i. uair noco n-oircther nech, 466. y , 470.22 Comm. co harragar a coraib bel? how are verbal contracts made legally binding? iii 2.2 .i. cindus airgithir, 5 Comm. óenchairde fon Eilg n-áragar one peace-treaty is established throughout Ireland, Ériu xiii 13.22 ( O'Dav. 768 ). is orrasin rosaraigh A. gan chlannugad fria a cheli those are the people whom A. bound not to intermarry, Fen. 390.8 . Perh. also: atomriug . . . niurt trén togairm trindóit, Thes. ii 354.24 (`I arise', see at-reig). Cf. ar-rig. See now Binchy Ériu xx 232 ff.

n [iā] f. See Lochlann ii 221-2 .

(a) As vn. act of guarding, watching over, tending, caring for: a.¤ inna aithche huile gl. uigelando, Ml. 95d10 . ara mbethe ico n-airi co llocharnnaib (of guarding relics), Trip.² 2828 . mo arise duib innocht olse fri triar caém dia muntir . . . is amluid . . . robatar ocond a.¤ you guard me tonight, LL 282a36 . ba marb-sa da iṅgnais de / cen co ti-sium dam a.¤ , to tend me, TFerbe 485 . roḟitir Cormac ord n-a.¤ (na ha.¤, v.l.) the order of the watch, Ériu iii 137.55 . are in puirt na tora tascur don lir, Laws i 128.12 Comm. tú liaigh na hanma d'a.¤ , Dán Dé vii 20 . Of `waking' the dead: clérich H. dollotar d'airi P., Thes. ii 320.3 (Hy. ii). batar ic airi in chuirp isna aidchib, Trip.² 3008 . baí . . . acc a.¤ na ccorp co nonóir, AFM ii 780.2 . airet robatur sruithi E. ica a.¤ , Lism. L. 636 . Note also: a.¤ (.i. grādh nó troscud) na sanct ina fēil (B. na f.), ZCP v 486 § 9 . In hostile sense looking out for (in order to attack): do bhiodhbha is é t'fhear faire / . . . / an t-olc reimhe is é ar th'a.¤ on the look-out for you, DDána 10.8 . na cóig námhaid do ní ar gclodh / . . . / a n-a.¤ nó go ndeach dhíom / bíodh faire ar an dteach i dtám until I cease to look out for them (i.e. the five senses), Dán Dé ix 7 .

(b) notice, heed, attention: dobéer desemmrecht dúib . . . frissacomricfea far n-a.¤ `I will now give you an example which your attention will attain to', Wb. 12c35 . connach cuiread as a airi cathuchud na T., and he could not put the fighting out of his mind, TTebe 1257 . tóghbaidh sé a n-a.¤ dona neithibh saoghalta it takes their mind off earthly things, TSh. 9272 .

Used in a large variety of idioms with verbs and prepositions.

(c) With prec. prep. in sét atá form' a.¤ , `the path on which I am intent', Ériu vi 115.3 . ní suan fír baoith boi ar mh'a.¤ `that I was bent on', Mart. Don. Dec. 4 . bith ar th'a.¤ take heed, Ériu iii 145 § 24 . is aithnid damh-sa créd ata ar h'aire `I know what is in thy thought', ZCP vi 58.24 . ní beag do thír é ar a ha.¤ , TD 29.4 . is edh sin . . . tuccadh ar mh'aire-si gurbho gillae amhulcach ócc tusa, Irish Texts iii 15.9 . With do-cuirethar: doralus ar m'airi / gréschi occa ṅguidi, Fél. Prol. 15 . oebind na tarla ar m'a.¤ , LL 210a19 . is trén tárla ar a airi strongly was his attention engaged, Hy Fiach. 210 . diongna an ní tharla ar th'a.¤ `strange is the task you undertake', Content. xiv 4 . do-beir x do a.¤ pays attention to x, heeds x: is tabartha do airi . . . indus in cheneōil cosa tīagam, TBC-I¹ 327 . ní rabi d'esbaid . . . ar duni . . . ríam a ra tucad da ari acht co facced R. that he would heed, MU² 701 . tabrad cách dia airi co ticfa bráth, LU 2495 . in tan nach tabrai dot airi in senoir Anachis . . . dobeth isin gabad atait, Aen. 570 . tan nā taibret dia n-a.¤ / na pīana . . ., Ériu iii 29 § 2 . tabhair dot a.¤ . . . nách ccuirfe aonchuid don choimhthionól ad leith guarded, Desid. 6483 . tabhair dot airi . . . nách drochumhla atá agat mirad, 1971 . an dtabhair Aodh dá a.¤? does A. pay heed to? TD 4.36 . tug th'a.¤ nach breith le báidh / do thagra féin ar Niall náir, Content. iv 2 . Note also: antar frim a.¤ co n-accar in coimriti in fer isind airide, ZCP viii 120.16 . ? fáilte ni thaet imm a.¤ , LL 261a40 ( IT i 79 ).

(d) With follg. prepp. With DI: do chloinn dochoidh a n-a.¤ they had given up hope of children, DDána 27a. 10 . With DO: masa th'airi téit don brut . . . rot fia if your mind is set on the mantle, LU 3112 . mairg a.¤ do chuaid don gus alas that attention was paid to the fierce advice(?), MR 14.23 . do bhéar-sa a.¤ dhuid-se / tar cheann Torna san troid-se `on behalf of T. I will face you', Content. vi 2 . With FOR (AR): roloisc[s]et a mbar(a)ca . . . conapedh a n-a.¤ for teiched `so that they should not think of retreating', RC xii 58 § 9 . dá mbeith a n-a.¤ oram if they heeded me, Dán Dé xxv 10 . ní bí a.¤ ac lucht an oilein sin ar raed ar bith acht ar chogad `the folk of that island care for nothing . . .', Maund. 168 . od conncatar goill a.¤ cenél C. for an marcsluaigh `when the English saw that the attention of C. was directed towards the cavalry', AFM iii 320.y . bídh a.¤ mhór agom orra I take great care of them, Desid. 6356 . With prec. do-cuirethar: is air dorala a a.¤ on this his mind became set, RC xxxvii 348 § 57 . is í sin aimser a tarrla a.¤ ríg na hE. ar fad aontuma a ingine, ML² 492 . ón lá tarrla ar n-airi air `as long as we can remember', Ériu iv 220 § 34 . With FRI: cóir are re dīgail Dé it is right to beware of God's vengeance, BColm. 100.5 . bíd th'a.¤ frisin lá atbél `keep watch for the day of my death', Metr. Dinds. iii 212.37 . ó nach raib a n-a.¤ re himgabáil a dtáisig for they had no intention of . . . Caithr. Thoirdh. 40.5 . amhail na biadh a a.¤ fri a niarmhóireacht itir `as though he had no intention of pursuing them', AFM v 1852.11 . a fhiarfaige dé an roibe sa baili enní re roibe a a.¤ no suil aige `anything that he liked', L. Chl. S. 44.1 . t'a.¤ rum, a rí na mbreath `list to me', Aithd. D. 51.11 . ar n-aireine re hiath Cuinn / ag triath dhaighfhine Dhomhnuill `my thought of Conn's land belonging in future time to Mac D.'s brave host', 29.15 . With prec. téit: na dechaidh a hairi re commamdacht uad (she said) that her mind was not turned to wedlock with him, CCath. 1150 . dochoidh . . . cidh mh'airi-si m'oenar ria boin I had set my mind on a cow all for myself, Lism. L. 1582 . = imm boin, Three Hom. 78.13 . úair ní th-ari-siu téit ria since it is no concern of yours, Ériu i 134.4 . ní dechaidh a hairi-si fri feall furri do Ænias she did not expect that deception would be practised on her by A., Aen. 788 . ní mó téit m'a.¤-si rem' comfurtacht duid nor have I any hope that you will help me, ZCP vi 64.23 . With I N-: admhaim go dtéid mh'a.¤ inn / gach ní ad-chím 's ad-chluinim, DDána 60.24 . tuc a a.¤ 'sin ningin, ZCP viii 268 § 45 . With IMM: dochuaid . . . cid m'a.¤ si m'oenar imm boin I had set my heart on having a cow all for myself, Three Hom. 78.13 = fria boin, Lism. L. 1582 . ro bo lughaide a n-a.¤ . . . fá fhaillidhe in comuill `they less than ever were inclined to fail in execution', etc., Caithr. Thoirdh. 103.y .

(e) As interj. look, take care: are, in gai-se for Bude, ol C. LU 5798 ( TBC-I¹ 1326 ). th'a.¤ chugat, a Uí L. look out , Maguires of F. 21 .

Later faire q.v.

neg. pref. (IE vocalic *n-), appearing as an-, am-, in-, im-(?), é- before different initials. See GOI § 869 ff. , Dillon, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1944, 94 ff. Even in O. Ir. the original phonetic distribution has been disturbed by analogical formations, e.g. an- for in- before d, g (andach, anglan); an- for é- before c in nouns (aincél, aincride); both an- and am- before vowels (anecne, amulach). This becomes more widespread in later lang., where in addition to regular formations of the type éccóir, étrócar we find the unphonetic édaingen, édána, édlúith, édóchas, édóig, édomain, éiderb, éidrímtha (with extension of -d-), éigrinn, éscus (scís), étriad (anríad, v.l.): énirt occurs in Wb. The form in-, regular before d-, g- (indles, with recomposition indíles, ingnad, also ingnáth) appears later in inḟebda, inḟoltach (= anfoltach), inísel, inmall, inmálla, innáire, intinne (teinne), inúath; note extension of -d- in ind(ḟ)úar, while imbil is a possible ex. of im- before b- (see GOI p. 543 ).

The forms an- and am- eventually become for all intents and purposes interchangeable in meaning (a), and many doublets arise (aindeóin, aimdeóin; anglan, amglan). But there are no exx. of an- before p- nor of am- before m-, s-, and t- (before i- only in amaires, before p- only in amprom, where prom is a loanword). Acc. to GOI p. 104 the neutral quality of the nasal seems to have been preserved before palatal vowels in the early language (note also amraid, anbal, etc.). The later tendency is for m and n to be palatalized before front vowels and palatal consonants. Cf. ainfírinne, Wb. 2a17 . The form am- presumably lenited l, r, n. In the case of initial b- the group -mb- later becomes -m(m)- (aimbrit aimrid). In its later extension am- lenites all other consonants before which it occurs. The original mutation after an- in the case of f, g(?), c was nasalization (anbal, anglan, aincride). In the later language an- lenites b c f g m (cf. aincreitem later ainchreitem, etc.); t apparently remains unchanged (ainteist aintenn); an- before d gives an(n)-, this combination falling together with original an- before n- (aindeoin, -nn-; aindíaraid, -nn-; ainnert). In old compds. a long vowel in the second element is shortened (anbal, amraid with subsequent recomposition ainfíal, aimréid) (cf. indles, ingnad above).

In frequent composition with nouns and adjj., and rarely with vbs. (ainlenaid, anadnaid, anaibsigid).

Though a few forms like aineóil strange occur fairly frequently these seem to be g s. of the nouns rather than adjj. of the type sochineóil etc. However, énirt is no doubt correctly given as adj. i-stem. The same may apply to the later aimnirt. See also aindeis, aindíles (see aindíles), ainféich, ainéitid.

(a) not, non-, un- (aimecna, aimles, ainbthen, aincreitem, aindebaid, aindeóin, aindíbad, aindliged, aineól, ainféile, ainfis, ainteist, am(a)ires; aimbil, aimdis, aimglicc, ainfesach, 2 anglan, amraid etc. For exx. with é-, in- see Fasc. E, I).

(b) The (later?) meaning bad, undesirable, unsuitable (with nouns) is found e.g. in ainben, ainbreith, aindía, aindíl, anduine, ainécht, 1 ainfine, anflaith, anfolad, aingním, ainimme, ainmían, 1 ainrecht, ainríad, ainricht, ainríge, aintír, anchruth, antocad. Words with a(i)m- in this sense are less frequent (aimbés, aimbéscna, aimles(?), aimricht; the adj. ainíarmartach is derived from a noun.

(c) As intensive prefix great, very (see Dillon ad loc. cit.). Though this meaning becomes common only in the later language there are some early formations; inglan is found in SR, ind(ḟ)úar, innáire in LL, ingarg in Todd Nenn., though inḟebda, iníchtar etc. are late. The form. a(i)m- is not found with this meaning (aimlesc is for aidlesc), in which a(i)n- has the widest extension and is still current in the spoken language. The follg. are early exx.: anfann (usual from the mid. Ir. period on), 2 aingel (Corm. Y), ainéitig (LL), ainecla (CCath.). The follg. are later: anbrath, ainching, andána, aindíchell, aindíummus, andóchas, ainfergach, ainnert, aintreise. With late byform ana- cf. anbroic, anbroit etc. Some forms are of doubtful origin. Cf. an-, am-, dīultadaig gāidilge, amail rongab . . . nert ┐ amnert, Corm. Y 23 . is inund in t-am fil ann ┐ mors nó . . . nem (etym. explanation of amrad), ACC § 140 ( RC xx 414 ). am .i. aigheadh, H 3.18, 416b23 . amh .i. olc, O'Cl. amh .i. diultadh, ib. Emain .i. amhaon; amh, aga dhiultadh nach aon rug Macha . . . acht dias, Keat. ii 2426 . ? and .i. deliugadh nó dethbir, Ériu xiii 81 § 291 .

v ( Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 531 analyses as *ar-ro-gaib, apparently on basis of Wb. 17d14 (infra), but there is no further evidence for the presence of -ro-). Indic. pres. 3 s. aritngaib (MS), Críth G. 556 . 3 pl. arusgaibet, TBFr. 398 . Pass. sg. airgaibther, LL 14563 . -aurgabar, Anecd. iii 43.11 . Subj. impf. 3 s. condomarrgabadsa gl. ut me comprehenderet, Wb. 17d14 . Fut. 2 s. argēba, TBC-I¹ 1089 . Pass. pl. argébtar, ZCP xi 87 § 48 . Condit. 3 s. -ergebad, Aen. 131 . Pret. 3 s. ardagaib, Ériu iv 22.18 . 3 pl. arangabsat gl. tenuerunt, Ml. 74b2 . Pass. pl. -argabait, BDD² 211 .

Later as simple vb. airgaibid.

Part. aurgabtha gl. temtum (of the arrest of Christ), Thes. ii 28.35 (BCr.). See also airgabthae.

Vn. airgabál.

Seizes, captures, takes hold of: costud sīde . . . .i. nī aurgabar acht a síth, Anecd. iii 43.11 . fer gaibes fer béogabáil ┐ aridngaib (aritngaib MS) i roí, Críth G. 556 . argab triar dib `he caught hold of three of them', Ériu xvi 37 § 4 . ar argaibtiside enech iar cech mebuil chetni, O'Mulc. 403 . ? a Eua cid arnotgeib ? SR 1693 . Aillend aibind airdgeba / Carman clothach comgheba , LL 386b31 = A.¤ ard co n-urgebha, BB 278a38 ( Leb. Cert. 202.3 ). inber Eathair airdgheba , LL 386b37 . irgabthair Loegaire, RC xiii 52 § 40 . roergaib indara comairlid do Dauīd he seized one of David's two counsellors, ZCP xiii 178.3 . intan roirghabh Magnus Cam in cathair sin, Marco P. 138 . co ronergab éc until he died, Arch. Hib. ii 82 § 6 . roirgabh robor ítadh in gillae, RC xxvii 300 § 69 .

In sense of raises up, lifts up (FRI against) (see airgabál): is fria maccu . . . ar-gébtar (airgébtair, arangebtar v.l.) gnúsi `werden sich die Gesichter erheben', ZCP xi 87 § 48 . berthe iarum don muir ┐ argaibhter frisin tuind `is held against the surface', IT iii 189 § 13 . ba mad arghabhais gnuis feil / . . . fri cobra ngaibrel `well did you assume', Blathm. 603 . With DO: dorad comartha do baili i n-ergebad do mucc find co trichai[t] banb `would appear to him', Aen. 131 . Note also: biaid Temair d'eis a fir / ergeabait uile indligid will arise (?), LL 19243 .

v (* ess-ess-reg-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 595 ). Also as simple vb. eséirgid, q.v. rises again. Subj. impf. 3 pl. ni tibertais piana foraib mani esersitis gl. si non resurgerent, Ml. 15c7 . roptis imdai piana donaib anmanaib ceni esǽrsitis in choirp aracenn, 8 . Fut. 2 pl. asneirsid et folnibthe lassin coimdid `that ye will arise and reign with the Lord', Wb. 25b25 . 3 pl. bid immalle asseírset omnes mortui , 13b26 . asseírset isind óinúair, 25b16 . cindas in choirp ineséirset, 13c20 . ní pa ar cend gnīmrad asseirset, O'Mulc. 446 . Pret. and perf. 3 s. asréracht crist hó marbaib, Wb. 13b12 . asreracht, 4d27 . 15d12 . antan asnéracht (sic leg.) an uher (= fer), RC xii 60 § 18 . asreracht in doman uile leis, Ériu ii 104 § 13 . isin coluinn i n-esserract Críst, Ériu ii 102 § 11 . -esarracht (eserracht v.l.), Anecd. ii 70.1 . do nert na heisēirghi . . . asmearrecht (sic) nech ( as narracht neach, Lec. 171a21 ), ZCP viii 206 § 36 .

Vn. eséirge.

v (* ess-reg, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 594 ) with inf. pron. agreeing in number, person and gender with subject in meaning rises (often also rises and goes, goes). Perh. archaic use without pron. in: ineresomni gl. suscitare, Thes. i 713.26 (`in which we will raise(?)', note). Note also: atomrachtatar, ZCP xii 365.17 (meaning not clear). Later with gradual obsolescence of inf. pron., beginning where verb is in dependent position, and ultimately as simple verb éirgid, q.v. Some forms of the s-subj. and fut. may explain exx. given under dreisid. In mid. Irish a form a(t)fraig(id) arises with inorganic -f- prob. originating in cases where the inf. pron. ended in a vowel (cf. ataregat, LU 8191 , atafregat, 8200 ). (Leniting forms a more likely starting-point Loinges mac nDuíl Dermait 85 ). The ipv. atré, etc. is an orig. s-subj. form ( GOI 375 , Watkins, Celt. Verb 139 , Zimmer, KZ xxx 118 - 119 ). The s-subj. and fut. are distinguishable only by context. The form atraacht occurring occas. in mid. Ir. may be a dissimilation-form from the perf. atraracht. Cf. also atralacht cited below. For archaic forms permissible in classical verse see IGT Verbs § 17 .

Indic. pres. 1 s. atomriug, Thes. ii 354.24 (perh. rather to be referred to ad-rig, see Binchy, Ériu xx 232 - 234 ). atomregar, MacCongl. 83.26 . 3 s. adreig, Wb. 13a12 . atraig, LU 8191 ( FB 14 ). attruic, LU 633 (ACC). adroigh, Studies 1918, 282 § 17 . ? adraidhe (: slaidhe), SG 148.11 = adraigi, Acall. 2421 . atfraigh (see above), ACL iii 3.31 . affraig, LU 8196 ( FB 14 ). afraig (atfraich v.l.), IT i 265 § 27 . atafraig (fem.), LU 8810 ( FB 15 ). 3 pl. atragat, 8843 (ib. 64 ). afraigid, RC xii 100 § 137 . Ipv. 2 s. (see above) atræ, Ml. 126c3 . atra, LU 3533 ( SCC 30 ). ardotrái (attraicc, v.l.), TBC-LL¹ 4766 = atrōi, TBC-I¹ 3012 (cf. ar-éirig and artotroi (.i. eirig) a Chuscraid, Ériu viii 173 § 3 ). érig, LU 3592 ( SCC 30 ). eirig, IT i 125.1 . 3 s. érged, LU 8130 ( FB 9 ). 2 pl. afraigid, TBC-I¹ 3081 , 3456 (afraighid suas dénaidh eachd, O'Cl.). Indic. impf. 3 s. atraiged, Rawl. 84a53 . 3 pl. atraidis, BB 300a12 .

Subj. pres. 1 s. -erus, Thes. ii 357.17 . 2 s. -eirreis, SR 1172 . 3 s. adré (: sé), IGT Verbs ex. 215 . -éir, TBC-LL¹ 3752 . 3 pl. condaǽrset, Ml. 46a12 . -eirset, TBC-LL¹ 2797 . -érsat, 769 . Subj. impf. 3 s. atressed, LL 12574 . adtresed, YBL 214b15 (printed addrecht , Ériu i 118.1 ). -eirsed, Trip.² 463 . TBC-LL¹ 4543 .

Fut. 1 s. atammresa (= res sa), Ml. 31c14 . -érus-sa, MU² 1047 . 2 s. ad-reis, Lism. L. 2660 . 3 s. atré, TBC-LL¹ 985 . asr, Anecd. ii 14.11 . 1 pl. atresim-ne, PH 3531 . 3 pl. ata reset, Blathm. 955 . atresat, TBC-LL¹ 985 . atrésit, PH 3596 . addreset, Gorm. Apr. 22 . attrasatt, ZCP x 344.6 . Condit. 3 s. atresed, PH 4753 . With change of preverb dotresed, PH 1859 . 3 pl. atrestáis, TBC-LL¹ 1166 . atreistis, CCath. 1093 . -eirsitis, BNnÉ 33.38 .

Pret. and perf. 1 s. adomracht, RC x 88.1 . atomraracht, MacCongl. 83.31 . conom érracht , LU 10761 . 2 s. ni rotéracht , Trip. 458.29 . -errachtair (erachtais v.l.), Lism. L. 2660 . 3 s. atracht, LU 8420 ( FB 29 ). atarecht (with fem. subj.), Vita Br. 33 . atraacht, TBC-LL¹ 1941 (see above). asraracht, LU 10790 . atráracht, Trip.² 612 . asráracht, 2287 . Cf. atralacht, LU 3655 ( SCC 32 ). a-dreacht, Dán Dé xxvi 32 . a-drécht (: écht), IGT Verbs ex. 216 . ro erracht , ACL iii 14.26 . -érracht, LU 312 . -erracht, 313 . -errecht, Todd Nenn. 180.6 . Note also: atra, LL 398b13 . at-re, ACL iii 311.1 . adre, Marco P. 8 , 54 (? scribal errors). With change of preverb: dotracht, RC xxiv 377.11 . 2 pl. atrachtabar, PH 3769 . 3 pl. asrarachtatar, Trip.² 2719 . atarachtatár, LU 4900 (TBC). atraachtatar, TBC-LL¹ 2643 . atráchtatar, 3601 . atrachtár, SR 4461 (guaranteed by metre). atrarochtor, RC xii 96 § 127 . -errachtatar, Alex. 895 . With endings of s- pret. 1 s. atrachtus, PH 1540 . 2 s. atrachtais, PH 1245 . 3 pl. atrachtsat, PH 1286 . atráigestar, TBC-LL¹ 3970 (sic. Leg. -setar?). atraighsiot, AFM vi 2098.y . atraidhset, Ann. Conn. 1230.4 .

Vn. éirge.

(a) rises: nach tan atraig ┐ . . . noch dand suides `whenever he rises and whenever he sits down', Mon. Tall. 140.20 (§ 32) . atresat uile la hescomlúd duitsiu `all will arise at thy going forth', TTr.² 101 . Of arising from sleep, etc.: geiss dó grian d'ergi fair . . . acht combad é atressed rempe, LL 12574 . ni indnais fort lepuidh dia not-erruis, ZCP xiii 280.15 . dorochair cotlud form conom érracht innossa, LU 10761 . Of recovery from wounds: atré slemun slán-chréchtach `he shall arise smooth and sound of wounds', Metr. Dinds. iii 166.28 .

With follg. accus. attruic (.i. atraracht) roard tráth Dé Colum cuitechta ascends to the company of God, LU 633 (ACC). adrē frach (? leg. fráech ed.) fírbrātha, ZCP viii 211.25 . at-rae buaíd ┐ bennachtain (a greeting), Grail 1690 . With cogn. accus. at-raachtatar Ulaid érgi n-aínfir ar a fathchi . . . amach arose as one man and went out, MU² 246 . la sodhain tra attrachtsat lucht na cathrach ēirgi athlamh aoinfhir, Fl. Earls 120.29 .

In various extended applications: atraidis bolga nemi for a ngruaidib appeared, BB 300a12 . Of noise, emotions etc.: asraracht a interiecht ngallraigthi, Anecd. ii 48 § 9 . ni errachtatar lind . . . ferga, Alex. 895 . atracht en gaili . . . ind, Cog. 188.15 . Arises, occurs, happens: conerrachtatar catha ┐ debtha occo fein, Anecd. iii 68.20 . Grows up, matures, extends: feib atré in mac bec atresat a gníma óclachais leis, TBC-LL¹ 985 . atraracht nert claindi Dedad the power of Clann D. increased, ZCP viii 303.14 .

Meaning frequently more closely defined by prepp. and advv.

With A: atrecht in lūan lāth asa mullach, TBC-I¹ 397 . co n-érsat Ulaid assa cess, TBC-LL¹ 769 . intan adregat asa suan, Ériu ii 130 § 98 . in t-inad asa n-errachtair (erachtais v.l.) innósa . . . is as adreis do mórdhail bratha it is from there you will arise and go to the great meeting of judgement, Lism. L. 2660 . adreisit na huili marbh a talam, RC xxviii 316 § 21 . atracht a bás, BNnÉ 14 § 18 . atrarochtor na Fomoire asa scoraibh sechtair `marched out of . . .', RC xii 96 § 127 . atracht as cach fasach i n-a cele she passed from one wilderness to another, v 199 § 5 .

With co: hi tiugnair atreset sil nAdaim cusin ḟuigell n-aurdeirc will rise to meet, KMMisc. 146 § 7 . atrachtsat na ríghu gusin airdrí, BNnÉ 324 § 37 .

With DI: atré lassar lond de loiscfess talum uli, KMMisc. 146.20 .

With DO rises to meet, to attack, makes for: co n-érracht cach di alailiu isin dail co rabi cach díib i n-ár a cheili, Trip.² 497 . ataregat ind fir dó the men attack him, LU 6164 (TBC). atractatar na slóig aile dóib, CRR 34 . atomregar dō . . . co herard `I advanced to meet him', MacCongl. 83.26 . atraacht glass-anfud in mara . . . dóib, CRR 10 . atraig Fergus dia chlaidiub F. rises to get his sword, LU 5412 (TBC). atrachtsad (adraigseatar v.l.) Laigin do gabail foraib, Anecd. i 18.1 . atraig Brían don tiprait tall goes, Ériu iv 102.1 .

With FOR (later AR): at-raachtatar . . . ara n-armaib they made for their weapons, MU² 161 . tecuit uile ┐ atraig forru they all come and she overpowers them(?), ACL iii 326.18 . co n-erecht a neart for Saxana his strength grew over the S., Todd Nenn. 180.6 . adre in sliabh . . . for an sliabh naill `the mountain arose and went on the other mountain', Marco P. 8 . at-raracht matin . . . for [rig]raith na Temrach went out on, ZCP xx 218 § 1 . ataregat int shlúaig huili ara chend rise before him, TBFr. 276 . atbertar sund asregad sidi ar cend a martra would go to meet, YBL 121a28 .

With FRI: ciphe gním frisan-erreis whatever deed you may undertake, SR 1172 . in t-epscop . . . na hérracht fri humhalóit asré fri denam cuil the bishop who did not rise up as a mark of respect from humility will arise to do evil, Anecd. ii 14.10 . atrestáis mathi in choicid rit báig the nobles of the province would rise to your call, TBC-LL¹ 1166 . atracht in mílid frisin mbéist the soldier attacked the serpent, PH 7234 . co n-eraig fri cach lin immodcing `rises against' (of a stream), Ériu ii 114 § 40 . at-racht grían ra lecnib na hIrlúachra, MU² 457 .

With I: adomracht am ṡeasam, RC x 88.1 . atraghat . . . Túath Dé imbaidh na nAthnensta then the T.D. form a confederacy with the Athenians, Leb. Gab.(i) 144.26 . ni eracht an fer aile ina aididh no cia atracht did not attack him, Laws v 304.19 Comm. atraghat an aenfecht (v.l.) ina[n] dóchum they arise to attack them together, CCath. 1886 . atracht Pilip i n-agaid Hiruaith co fhalti fris rose to welcome H., PH 844 .

With IMM: atresat righ ┐ rigfile[d] . . . iman orgain-si, Anecd. ii 50.8 .

With LA: genco heirset Ullta aile léo `should go along with them', IT ii2 123.35 .

With ó: atré slán o neimib a n-arm, Dinds. 39 ( RC xv 427 ). an doigh do chuaidh ad chridhe / adroigh uaibh ar mh'impidhe, Studies 1918, 282 § 17 . ? ar[n]a heirsed cogad uaidib doris asin Troi for Greco, BB 444bz .

With ÓS: re fiuchud na ferge fírgarge hitrácht úasto, LU 6466 (TBC). tic . . . tond baiti . . . ┐ adraig (adraid MS) a n-airdi uasin luing, Aen. 248 .

With RÉ rises before (in token of respect): is e ceta neracht riam, Laws iii 28.10 . rofuacradh lasind righ connach h-eirsiud nech reme-seom, Anecd. iii 34.z . ní érrac[h]t nech dibh reme, ii 14.5 . feraid . . . fāilte fris ┐ attraig riam, ZCP viii 311.38 . atrachtatar remi huile `they all rose up to greet him', Ériu iv 128.14 .

With advv.: adre amach dar beōlu in dūin `goes out', Marco P. 23 . at-racht sūas, Sc.M² 4 . afraighídh suas, dénaidh echt, marbhaidh an tréd immon torc, AFM i 506.14 . afraigidh .i. éirghídh amhail atá . . . afraighidh suas dénaidh eachd, O'Cl.

n o, n. Less freq. búirech (cf. búire, búirithir). Also appar. búarach.

(a) fury, rage; in some exx. perh. attack, onset: amb. roḟersat nacuraid, RC viii 56.10 . brath na baegul na b.¤ , LL 32383 ( TTr. 1574 ). cor'-imbir a b.¤ forru, TTr.² 1159. srenb. craidi cach míled, MU² 611. no-bíd danó Conchobar oc airbríathrad Chon Culainn, co-nna-rucad a búrach immach etir 'Conchobar, moreover, was ordering Cú Chulainn not to vent his rage at all', Tall. Étair 46.97 . rugsat . . . b.¤ / tré cath na ngall `made a brave charge', Cog. 114.5 . ó ro soich buirech a bedg (of hunted boar), Acall. 1792. in luthbás ┐ in b.¤ , TTr.² 1472. fri burach ferga, Ériu ii 130 § 99. co ro-cherddaind mo búraig (sic) ferge . . . far na sluagaib `my charge of anger', CRR 40. tabraid supa am crechtaib, corralar mo buaraigh mbais for Ultu despairing effort (?), B. Fermoy 32a . bud buarach bais duitsiu in comairle sin, RC xi 28.30 . ? nírop b.¤ betraighi, LL 386a44 , see 2 búarach.

In legal and quasi-legal contexts (here more usually búirech): is tre fhīr flathemon tēora blaī būirig im cach n-ōenach `Freiheiten von Zorn', ZCP xi 82 § 26 = tre blaī buraig cech coimdeth (buradhaigh, v.l.) . . . blaī āne ech . . . blaī . . . dūnaid . . . būaid cuirmthige, 93 § 28 (expld. by Thurneysen as occasions on which dissension might arise, but which are free of it during a good reign). Cf. messc n-aenaich fair mesc cuirmthige messc dunaid / a diguin im fer a faithchi is damna mburaig, Ériu xvi 182 § 32. ben for blai buirigh .i. for baile a ndentar agh borr ria, O'Dav. 309 = buire, 238 . ni tuidbenar ar baig na buirech . . . na forecar neicne aggression, fury, rape, O'D. 622 ( H 3.17, 463 - 464 ). ? dethbir ngnima ┐ buirech ninnraigh, O'Curry 1766 ( 23 Q 6, 36ab ). burach nindraig, O'D. 1617 (H. 5.15, 14a). buirach ninnra techt i slicht ga deirg iar nguin neich dot cairdib, 713 (H. 3.17, 521). indrud .i. orguin, ut est buirech [n-oldas v.l.] indrud ` outcry ', O'Dav. 1129.

(b) trench, pit, excavation (on relation of meanings (a) and (b) see TBC-LL¹ p. 894 n.6 , Loth, RC xli 372 - 4 ): concechlaid b.¤ (of a bull), LU 5332 (TBC). būrach trī fēindetha annīsiu, TBC-I¹ 2821 (of wound). b.¤ thrí bfeindeadh .i. borrágh trí bfeinneadh, no thri laoch, O'Cl. foclassa b.¤ dóib, TBC-LL¹ 6144. dá rás-tharbh . . . ic brisiudh búraigh, MR 298.19 . Perh. also: im burach do thene (`for the fury of thy fire'), Laws i 166.27 . co ramut bidbad, co buirech mbaiti, ZCP xii 363.13 .

In n. loc. Fergna . . . rí Búrig Ulad, MU² 326.

n i f. and m. n s. Déis, Rawl. 149b52 . déis, Laws iv 320.13 . dés, v 30.20 Comm. O'Cl. g s. Déisse, Rawl. 149b54 . Déisi, Trip.² 2330 . na Dési Bice, MU² 268 . But aire désa , Laws . Cáin Ad. § 51 . a. dése , ZCP ix 171 § xi . in déissi , Mon. Tall. 156. 30 . rí in Déissi , Cáin Ad. § 18 . d s. déis (same word?), SR 7856 . Déis, Trip.² 2433 . Desi, LL 48b5 . don Déisi bhicc, Cog. 92.15 . a s. déiss, Triads 167 (des, deissi, v.l.). AU 835 . Laws ii 328.13 , v 20.1 . For declension of pl. see Déisi.

I

(a) tenant, vassal; vassalry (usually collectively, the clients of a particular lord) Ériu xliii 193 ; see Críth G. p. 82 . deis .i. ceile, O'Dav. 613 . déis .i. ceile. anflaith . . . gonus a deis .i. . . . guin in ceile tre imad indligid, O'Curry 454 ( H 3.18 242a ). is mor leisim in mile cemenn . . . do aithidhigh (= aithighidh) in deissi i domnuch `to visit the tenantry' (land, neighbourhood?), Mon. Tall. § 71 .

(b) Hence in wider sense of the prerogatives of a `flaith' which arise from (a) the recognition of his hereditary rank, (b) the office or function he performs in the territory, (c) his clients, free and base, (d) his `senchleithe', Críth G. trí sóir dogníat dóeru díb féin: tigerna renas a déiss, etc., Triads 167 . fear reanus a tir no a deis, Laws v 20 . dlegar do flaithaib donimairget (sic leg.) cach dib for a deis, iii 20 (with gl.: .i. dlegar . . . timorgan caich dib for a ferann diles). a mignima . . . fria deis (.i. fria ceilib no fria fearund), ii 328 . is rechtaid cach for a deis fodeisin .i. ar a ferann no ar a ceilib, i 230 Comm. dun airig ac ata des feraind, v 30 Comm. caitti déis ḟlatha, dég dligid comditen dána? Dicoissin cetheora déisi do flaithib, Críth G. 320 . Aire désa, the lowest of the noble grades, p. 70 . aire désa cid ara n-eperr? Arindi as dia d.¤ direnar, 328 . caiti tothacht aireg désa? Deich céli leis: cóic céli giallna[i] ┐ cóic sóerchéli, 330 . Ellipt. d.¤ = aire désa: forus flatha .i. o d.¤ co ríg, 316 . sē bá donn aire dése (as enechland), ZCP ix 171 . ben airech desa, Cáin Ad. § 51 .

(c) In wider sense, land, domain, district: dés .i. fearann; dés druimneach, O'Cl. siu nobetis mōini ar bēs | nā grēs nā dōine fon deis (: séis) throughout the land (?), SR 7856 . ? ríi foides ēnlaith n-ēn ṅdil | cen lēn dar róendes richid, 1018 (cf. des).

II Host, band (?): deis .i. cuiriu nó slogh, O'Dav. 613 . dése .i. buidhne, O'Cl. Perh. also: co ndernsat cnámbrétaigh ┐ desi (deise, v.l.) fodhailti dá cnámaibh, CCath. 2108 (see daiss).

III As tribal name (properly = vassal or rent-paying community) and later n.loc.: in Deis tuaiscirt ┐ in D.¤ deiscirt, Rawl. 149b52 . do rig na Deisse deiscirt, 54 . luid isin D.¤ descirt, Trip.² 2433 . din D.¤ Tuaiscirt, 2396 . rí in Déissi tuaiscirt, Cáin Ad. § 28 . forsin Deis tuaisciurt, AU 835 . an Deis beg, Top. Poems 122 . i crích na Dési bice, MU² 268 . don Déisi bhicc, Cog. 92 . i nDes biuc, Lec. 422b26 . See also Déisi.

(* to-cuir-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 501 ), in O.Ir. a deponent vb. used in the senses (1) puts and (2) invites . For the development of meaning (2) see Gaidoz, RC xxiii 91 . In O.Ir. (1) occurs chiefly in 3 s. , often in impers. construction; in subj. and pret. the root la- is used side by side with cuir- and the fut. is supplied by *to-(fo)cherr- (cf. 1 cuirid); in (2) all forms are supplied by *to-cuir-. In later Mid.Ir. *to-cuir- comes to be represented by tochraid (tachraid), treated as a simple vb. and often forming an ē-fut. (see TBC-LL¹ 5707 , Cog. 225.18 = LL 309b3 , Acall. 1137 , Aen. 290 ), while dorala or tarla (the former of which survives as late as the 17th cent.) exists independently in the sense met, happened . The form tachraid may be regarded as a lineal descendant of do-cuirethar, dochuir[id], -tochraid rather than as a distinct denom. vb. formed from the vn. tochur, tachar, the syncopated form (common already in Mid. Ir.) being probably due to the need for distinguishing it from tochuirid invites, in which syncope does not as a rule occur. See GOI § 762 . IGT Verbs § 95 .

Forms.

I In sense puts

(a) Forms from *to-cuir-: Indic. pres. 2 s. docuire, Corm. s.v. taurthait . 3 s. ducuiredar, Thes. ii 19.36 . du-nd-chuirethar, Ml. 35d22 . dochuirethar, BDD 71 . docorethar, 106 . 3 pl. docuiretar, Fianaig. 84 . dochuiret, Metr. Dinds. iii 292 . Ipv. 2 s. tochre, LU 10881 . 2 pl. tocraid, 1486 . Subj. pres. 3 s. do corathar , O'Curry 1999 ( H 4.22 29 ). -tochrathar, Críth G. 418 . -tochra, O'D. 739 ( H 3.17 ( H 3.17, 537 ). dochora, LL 146b . co rathochra , Triads 117 . 3 pl. -dochrat, MacCongl. 99.4 . Impf. 3 s. tochorad, Ml. 44a19 . docorad, BDD 54 . nothachrad, TBC-LL¹ 1180 . 3 pl. -tochratis, RC ix 468.6 . Pret. 3 s. ducorastar, Ml. 52 . dochorastár, LU 5366 (TBC). co tochrastar , IT ii1 184 . rothocair, Metr. Dinds. iii 234 . tochuir, tachair. 3 pl. tochratar, LL 293b25 . tochradar, BB 33b22 , etc. Pass. pres. s. fora tochar (= tocharr, an archaic form), Tur. 14 ( Thes. i 485 ). tarsa tochuirther , Ml. 22c1 . cf. 80b7 and dofocuirther, 18c10 ( Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 301 ). docuirither, Laws i 170 Comm. Ériu ii 120 § 58 , etc. forsa tochradar , BB 330b22 . pl. docuirter, Anecd. v 24 n. 25 . Pass. pret. docuired, PH 7767 . Imr. Brain i 88 . co tochrad , MacCongl. 37.4 .

(b) Forms from to-(fo-)cherr-: Fut. 3 s. ? in (ní?) tuichred , BB 298a24 ( IT iii 15 ). 3 pl. co ndichret , Ml. 44a16 . ? ni tuichret , IT iii 15.4 . Condit. 3 s. dofóichred, Sg. 130b2 . toichred, ZCP i 66 § 113 . Later formations from *to-cuir-: docuirfed, Lec. 458c7 ; tochērat, TBC-LL¹ 5707 , etc. Cf. doceradh, BB 298a25 = tacerad, IT iii 15 (H)?). Pass. fut. dofoicherthar, BDD § 81 .

(c) Forms from *to-ro-la-: Subj. pres. 2 s. dindrala (= dia ndrala?), Bvi 74 ( Thes. ii 37 ). 3 s. torala, Ml. 43b15 . tairle, Ériu iv 24 ( LL 106a ). 1 pl. co tarlam , Fél. Prol. 319 v.l. Perf. 1 s. doralus, Fél. Prol. 15 . darolus, ZCP iv 44.12 . tarlus, LU 3863 ( SCC § 38 ). torlus, SR 1872 . ? tairlius, BS 48.24 . 2 s. doralais, Alex. 946 . fris-tarlais, ZCP iii 206 . 3 s. dusrale, Ml. 23c16 . co toralae , Corm. Y 698 . con-darraile, LL 272b21 . Mid. Ir. dorala, tarla; tarlathar, TBC-LL¹ 2069 . 3 pl. daralsat, LL 169a15 . Cf. doralaighset (they) happened to be, Fl. Earls 188 . doralatar, tarlatar, PH, etc. Pass. perf. s. doralad, Wb. 13d8 , Ml. 14b12 . duralad, 67d9 . ceta-tarlad, LL 515 . do-t-ralaid, SR 1307 . ni tarlaid , 3668 . ? dutárlid, LU 10938 (perh. fr. *to-ad-ro-luid). pl. doralta, Ériu ii 106 § 19 .

II In sense invites. Indic. pres. 1 s. docuiriur, Sg. 16b8 . tochuiriur, Thes. ii 357.1 . tochuirim, Corm. Y 77 . 3 s. docuirethar, Sg. 61a7 . dochoirethar, Ml. 29b1 . docuiredar, tocuiredar, ZCP xii 364 . tócurid, FA § 1 . Ipv. 3 s. tócuired, PH 5829 . 2 pl. tocuirid, 5614 . Fut. 1 s. docuirifar, Ml. 3a1 . Perf. 3 s. dorochurestar, Ml. 16c6 . dorochuiristar, 25c13 . ní rothochurestar , 18d16 . ro-s-tochuir, Leb. Gab.(i) 234 . rothochuir, PH 4413 . 1 pl. dorochuirsemmar, Sg. 6b18 . 3 pl. rom-tochuirseat, CCath. 983 . Pass. pres. s. dofocuirther, Ml. 18c10 (see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 501 ). Fut. pl. tocuirfiter, PH 4346 . Condit. s. ni tochuiribthe , Ml. 128a2 . Pret. co tocuiredh , BB 10a4 , tochuired; rodocuirit (= rotochuiritt), Cog. 74.8 .

Vn. tochur, tochuired.

I As trans. vb. in personal construction

(a) puts, deposits, places , often used as synonym of do-cuirethar or do-beir: is tre ḟír flathemon docuiredar ildelba muir the sea casts up creatures of divers form, ZCP xi 82 = is tré ḟír flatha ildelba il-míli . . . for tráchtaib téchtaib tochratar are deposited (cast up) on shores, LL 293b25 . di[a] ndrala huait if thou put from thee (gl. tolle), Thes. ii 37 . inna hí batar buthi ar thuus, dusrale fodiad he put them last, Ml. 23c16 . is hed doralad hi tossuch, Wb. 13d8 , cf. Ml. 14b12 . in tascair docuirither do tuinn which is deposited by a wave, Laws i 170 Comm. , cf. iv 194 . nech tarsa tochuirther sciath over whom a shield is placed, Ml. 22c1 . ro-tarlait a teinti their fires were placed (i.e. built up), Mer. Uil. 17 . torala Dia ar chēill do degnimu-su may God bring to mind gl. revocetur, Ml. 43b14 . doralus ar m'airi | gréschi occa nguidi, Fél. Prol. 15 . ó doralaim ar m'aire . . . lecca huara (pres. formation based on perf.), AU 877 (poem). tachraid for cēill dāib . . . senscēlai bar muinntire call to mind the traditions of your people, Alex. 191 . Cf. Ériu ii 136 : ar cid aingil nimhe, rosbi crith ┐ uamun intan forathmentar ┐ docuredar ar cēill (leg. forathmenatar ┐ docuretar . . . when they remember and call to mind). dochurusdar Cond an macamh ar comairci Airt placed under A.'s protection, iii 160 . ducorastar Dia deilb mordraige . . . forsinní Dauid, Ml. 52 . tegdais forsa tochar deg-lí anechtair is placed, Tur. 14 . nocon fetur-sa indat ilgné docuirther in folt fair (lit. different ways [in] which the hair is put on him, cf. RC xxiii 91 ), BDD § 105 . forsa tochratis tonna an mara na héicne, RC ix 418 . go rotochuir [an piast] ainbthine dermair forsan muir, BNnÉ 6 . co tocuir tāmnēll fuirri, RC v 199 . doconnairc . . . prinnsa in dorchuttois . . . da tochrad cét cenn fair there were (lit. had been put) a hundred heads, Aisl. Tond. xiv 1 . focherdsat na draoithe gaotha draoidhechta . . . co ttochradh an muirgrian iochtarach for úachtar an mara, Leb. Gab.(i) 256 . cia dám . . . ceta-tarlad for hErend? was first landed, LL 515 . nir tocrad Cessair for rig o sein amach no king was styled Caesar, Lec. 300b49 = ni rotocrad, 304a46 . co ndichret a ndruim fria naimtea will turn their back, Ml. 44a16 , cf. 44b19 . tocraid for ndrommand fri fraigid uli, LU 1486 . dofil in carpat . . . ┐ dorala clār clē frind it has turned its left side to us, TBC-I¹ 1192 (perh. impers.). cléirchin fris tarlais tinne `to whom thou hast shown stiffness', ZCP iii 208 . ni tocrad dam int aitheachmattud glēid frisin coin mōir should not have engaged in fight with, TBC-I¹ 1228 . do-curead cath Ruis F. re Nemed, Lec. 357b2 . rofich cath Naisi fri hEochaid . . . iar cath Chomair fri hEochaid n-eolach trén doralad, 592a26 (cf. do-beir cath). domchurithar Dia isinn abainn, Imr. Brain ii 292 . gidbead dochuirear-sa deit isin dig, nā hob a ōl whatever I put into thy draught, Lec. 155b27 . toichredh a chenn 'sa chuithe he used to plunge his head, ZCP i 66 . rangabusa in n-éicni . . . darolus i lláim na hingine, TBFr. 342 . co ndaralastar (leg. -ralatar) na halma i talmain a chorp the herds trampled his body into the ground, TBC-LL¹ 2056 = gur cuirsit, St. cid ar dotralaid hi cacht? why hast thou been put into durance?, SR 1307 . is i cruinne dorraladh cach dūil . . . is i torachta chruinne doralta na nime, Ériu ii 106 . doscorad (duscorat, v.l.) a triur isin muir plunge into the sea (reflex.), RC ix 460 . is lib-si fessin . . . in chair doralais inar leth-ni the fault you have brought against us, Alex. 946 = Anecd. v 5 . feib leir donralaid do nim | missi ┐ tussu, SR 1787 . conab-torlus a Phardus that I have put you out of Paradise, 1872 . con-dacuired dar cenn was overturned, SG 316 . con-daralsat é 'n-a ágib (i.e. tore him asunder), LL 169a15 .

(b) deposits, produces, brings forth: crann . . . docuiridar tri toraid cacha bliadne, Ériu ii 116 . nói cuill Chrimaill . . . dochuiret tall fon tiprait `drop their fruits', Metr. Dinds. iii 292 (docuredh, tocuread, v.l. perh. pret. pass. have been set, planted round). ba hinund brú rothocair | Fothad ┐ cóelChuirrech the same womb bore, 234 .

(c) throws, casts, sends: tochrae uait cast it from you, TBC-I¹ 1557 (LU) = tochra, YBL. docuire urchar úait, Corm. s.v. taurthait = focheirdi, Corm. Y 1229 . Cf. IT iii 16 § 37 . ni tharlus dom chirt | urcur anfis, LU 3863 ( SCC § 38 ). dochorastair Dochae ga for Fiachaid, TBC-I¹ 2110 . a arat dia tochuirther the distance from which it is shot, Ml. 80b7 . fochres [a c[h]end] isin mBrudin . . . ┐ dorralad eiste, BDD² 1405 . dochorastar echlacha uada, Anecd. iii 65 . dochuiretar sut a comuirli chugat-sa send thee their decision, Fianaig. 84 . docuredh Conall for a lurg, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 36 . docuirethar bedc throws, i.e. makes a start, bound: docuridar bedg de fodes starts off southwards, RC iii 176 . doscuiret[h]ar bedc as fa thuaid, IT ii1 175 . tathchuireathar bedg ar a ceand, BDD² 357 . tacurethar, YBL = docuirethar, Eg. = ta-cuirethar beadg ón tig, 645 . toschuirther beadc a Tracht F. they make a start from, 620 (the constr. here suggests that `beadc' is either nom. or else adverbial accus., the vb. being used impersonally). dochuirethar bedg anís, LL 281b13 ( GJ v 64 ). Cf. foceird b., ZCP viii 104.z .

II As trans. vb. in impers. constr. folld. by prep. phrase or other complement of pred., e.g. do-m-cuirethar lit. it puts me (in a place, condition, etc.), i.e. I happen to be (come). This construction is esp. common with the perf. dorala (tarla) and continues into the Mod. Ir. period.

(a) Of rest: dorala ind aimsir geimrid it happened to be winter, Trip.² 112 . focheirdi erchor uait . . . Docuirethar obonn anmannae ar a chind an animal chances suddenly to be in its way, Corm. Y 1229 (docuirither, LB). dī ōene sechtmaine . . . feib docorathar ind recht | do neoch las mbē nert as it is (laid down) in the law (?), ZCP xiii 29 . dia tarla Cond C. ┐ Eogan T. i comflaithis fo Erind, RC xvi 136 ( Dinds. 132 ). gon domrala crechtach ngarb so that I am wounded, TBC-LL¹ 2338 . cona-tarla faen so that he fell prostrate, Mór M. 267 . nach n-esconn rotmblaisi . . . dorala inna chunn slān became sane, Ériu ii 116 . ó domrala il-ligi leóin, ZCP vi 263 . co na-tarlai ina ṡuidi so that he fell on his haunches, LL 272b21 . dorala in tech ina ráithsechaib briathar, FB § 29 . ro-imthigset i frithsēt Grēg co nustarla tul fri tul i medhon in ṡéta, BB 419a35 . is and dosralai sede tunc, ic Ross na ferta she chanced to be at, Hy. v 65 Comm. ( Thes. ii 343 ). bái mesca mór for Ulto . . . Docuiridar immarbága móra . . . eturro there arise , Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 4 . Cf. further: ni chuincem colcthi . . . acht in talam cona sraith trit nó lomm amal docuirether (leg. docuirethar) covered with grass or bare as it may happen to be, Alex. 874 = Anecd. v 3 .

(b) Folld. by prep. denoting motion: doscuirethar as co trāig in baile, IT ii1 178 ; 'they set out' Loinges mac nDuíl Dermait 100 § 20 . conacca . . . dorrala inna huili fiadmila asin fidbaid that all the wild animals had come out of the wood, TBC-I¹ 3108 . domrala don áith I came to the kiln, Fél. p. 12 . dosrala do Dún na mbarc they came to, LL 4b33 . inis diandorala iar n-imram, Anecd. i 53 . toscuirethar dochom tíre they come to land, BDD § 55 . con-domrala dochum slúaig, Metr. Dinds. iii 120 . nirbo chian . . . condarraile (leg. dasraile) dochum indsi till they happened on, LL 283a21 . doluid in gilla . . . conusstarla dochum thopuir till he chanced upon a well, RC xxiv 196 . dotrala f[o] aineolass thou art ignorant, ZCP xiii 3 . [a]n du[c]uiredar bissext for nói kl. when bisext falls on . . ., BCr. 32c10 ( Thes. ii 19 ). fēil docuiredar for Sathurn, Mon. Tall. 135 , cf. intan doscuirither-si for áin, LB 9b10 (pass. ?). rocloenad a thech, con-datarla for a lethbeolu so that it inclined to one side, FB § 25 . ind eclas i tarla grada for Brigit, Hy. v 15 Comm. ( Thes. ii 330 ). dogní Neide glām ndicend dō, co toralae teorae bulgae for a gruadaibh, Corm. Y 698 . docorastar cess ┐ huamhon for na slúagho gloom and fear fell upon the hosts, Ériu ii 100 . co tarla a dí bond bána fair (he fell) with upturned soles, MU² 987 (LU). dichetal for ochtraig, co rathochra a mbi ina íchtur for a úachtar all that is below comes to the top, Triads 117 . dorala ana mbui . . . a n-íchtar an loch[a] co raibi forúachtar, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 32 . co tarla ind ní bāi ina hichtar co mbōi for a hōachtor, Anecd. ii 57 . con-tachrad cach ní nobith a n-ichtur na fairrgi 'na fuachtur, Lec. 569a7 = gu tocraid , BB 40b8 (pret. pass. instead of the impers. constr.). con-dasrala for combáig comimrama they began to race each other in rowing, LL 235a20 . doscuridar iarum for a rith cētnai they resume their course, Ériu ii 126 . documlaiset for fairgi ┐ docorastar a lūi fri tir their stern was turned to shore, Corm. Y 1059 . feib donrala fri comrád as we have fallen into conversation, SR 1214 . fri tala ind ríg . . . domrala tria tinninas I have crossed the king's will through my hastiness, 6188 , cf. 6013 . ní rádi ní tri thalmaidchi, amal dundchuirethar inna beulu as it rises to his lips (`as he takes it'), Ml. 35d22 . cia dotochra a robaegal though thou fall into great danger, BCC § 348 (poem). docuiredar cach ai i tuaim alaile each of them comes into another's place (of three currents meeting in a whirlpool), Corm. Y 323 = docuirither, LB. dotrala i mbeirn baegail, TBC-I¹ 2648 . dotrala ind, RC vi 183 . doscuiredar i cess they fall into sadness, Ériu ii 112 . darrala tar romuir who came over the great sea, Fél. Dec. 8 (darralad, doralaid, donralad, v.l.). focheird rout n-urchair din liathróit, conastarla dar gincraes a bragat dond archoin so that it went past the watchdog's gullet, TBC-LL¹ 1025 . na cōic mnā nostachair tra | maraen ria n-athair suna came here together with their father, BB 408b16 . atnaid id im choiss indaro fi(u)r . . . Docuirethar iarum ina deguid aitherruch (the withe) comes back after him, i.e. springs off (?), RC x 214 .

Later with indep. pron.: co tarla co Beind E. hí she came to, Ériu iii 152 . co ttarla é go Magh Line, BS 104 . tarlu go teach Laidchinn é, Keat. ii 6282 . co tarla Cormac ┐ isi ar oentaig fo cleith, Lec. 366b25 . lucht in feruinn cusa tárla é (of one cast on shore), Laws i 204 Comm. dorala he (Cain) a mbroind Euba in tan do thomail int uball was conceived, Lec. 385a20 ; ? cf. ba hé tatharla inna broind, IT i 139 (LU) = is he tathlai it bruinn, Eg. dusrala iad a n-ailén aili, RC xxvi 138 . mar dorala a n-imfhoixe chomraic na Fraingce íad as they approached the frontier, Fl. Earls 30 . rothimchill cach a chēle dīb . . . ┐ dorala 'n-a comracaib iad they engaged in combat, Celt. Rev. x 314 . ó tharla gan chroidhe dho é seeing he hath no heart to it, Proverbs xvii 16 . durson damsa . . . na mígníma sin do dēnam dam, gid tre anfhis ┐ aneolus dorala iat they have come to pass, Celt. Rev. vii 116 .

(c) do-m-cuirethar do (ar, fri) lit. it puts me to (on, towards), hence I meet, come upon, come across: docuirethar Banba doib i Sleibh M., Leb. Gab.(i) 250 (possibly pers. constr.). docuiridar simind dóib, RC xxvi 10 (LL). conustarla do díb latrandib he met two robbers, Lat. Lives 90 . tarrla ríg Laighen dóibh, Imr. Brain i 66 . co tarla do sē meic dēg Amalgaid, Lec. 124b26 . tarla dhóib a n-esgcaraid, SG 8 . tárla dh'a chéile iat, ML 16 . tarla da chēli . . . clanna Neill ┐ clanna Chaeman, Lec. 171b41 . ni tharla dia muinntir badēin é, Fl. Earls 28 . go ttárla Carbre ┐ rígh bhfear gC. air a chēile, CF 276 (Eg.). go dtarla é ré moghaibh came upon slaves, Keat. iii 2146 . In reciprocal sense: conustarla do Meidb ┐ do Thindi M. and T. met, Ériu ii 178 . tarla do and ┐ d'Adhamhnan, BB 233b3 . co tarla dō ┐ do Dairi ingen Cathair, 6 . dorala do Césair féin ┐ do lucht innsi Bretain C. and the people . . . encountered each other, CCath. 182 . batar maic Miled bliadain i comrige . . . co tarla doib im na trib druimnib until they quarrelled about, Lec. 30b4 . dorala dam arair fri muintir C. I had a quarrel with, MacCongl. 53 . Cf. further: dorala fri Connacht co mór, ōir do marbsat-som a brāithri he was in feud with C., ZCP i 103 , where the construction may be personal (as in III (b) below).

(d) do-cuirethar form (dul, etc.), lit. it puts on me, hence it is incumbent on me, I must: docorastar fair dul do acallaim na hingine it behoved him (?), TBFr. 13 (but perh. pers. constr. `he took upon himself', Gloss.). docorustair fair techt a Manaind, Corm. Y 1059 . co tarla fair techt i n-ailithre (of Colum C.), Lec. 369b9 .

(e) do-cuirethar etarru they fall out, quarrel: cēin co tochra etraibh fein until you quarrel, BNnÉ 90 . tachair eter na mnaibh, ib. darala eturru ic imbert ḟidchilli ┐ Fergus F. and he quarrelled, LL 103b39 . dorala eturru ┐ Munramar, Ériu i 124 . dorala etorra ┐ clann ócc iarla D., AFM v 1718 . 1874 . dorala itir Luicet ┐ Aed . . . isin chath engaged each other, RC v 197 . go tarrla iter Aichlech ┐ Oedh B. gur fersat comlann fria chēli, Fianaig. 94 . go tarla itir in ríg ┐ in rígain, SG 250 . co tarla eatorro im na tri ndromandaib, BB 42b34 = co tarla doib, Lec. 30b4 . tarrla eturru immon n-es, Acall. 7286 . conad impi sein tarla eturru, LL 242a40 .

III During the Mid. Ir. period, when the infixed pron. began to lose its significance, do-cuirethar and esp. the perf. dorala came to be regarded as an intrans. vb. in personal construction in sense of happens to be (come); it is, however, impossible to decide whether the vb. is pers. or impers. in the sing. except in cases where the accompanying noun has distinct forms for nom. and accus.

(a) Of rest, condition: bid hé dochorad and, BDD § 66 YBL = comad he notocrad and, Eg. = co mbad sé nobeth and, LU; ib. § 54 . ní tharla bó isin recleis ind inbhaid sin, Lat. Lives 72 . ní faca riamh abhann ann, ┐ ó tharla an abhann ann, as greama mur tharrla in droichid tairsi as the river is there, it is well there is a bridge across it, Imr. Brain i 64 . is ann dorála in rí ind uair sin, fó bun darach, SG 413 . an eich dorala foa on which he was mounted, AFM vi 2216 . tug . . . urchor do cloich tarla ina láimh which chanced to be in his hand, iv 788 . dorala ambassadóir righ S. sa gcathraigh in tan sin, Fl. Earls 22 . tarla an uair sin duine uasal . . . i bpríosún ag an bprionnsa, Keat. iii 5027 . tarla an tan soin neach cumhachtach 'n-a bhíodhbhadh ag C., ii 4847 . dorala ben an oirchinnigh ag gabail secha . . ., BS 50 . is ann doralae Onchu mac S. marb sechtmain reimhe O. had happened to die a week before, BColm. 46 . doralatar in dā hapstail [déc] uile i n-oen tegdais, PH 5560 . tarladar ceathrar do chloinn C. 'n-a ngiallaibh ag Niall, Keat. ii 5956 . tarladar triúr mac aige he had three sons, 4844 . do chidhfedh mar tharla an tír he would see the country's plight, O'Gr. Cat. 466 .

(b) With prep., etc., denoting motion: is annsin dorala Becuma amach ar an ḟaithche chanced to come out, Ériu iii 162 . ised dorala anair he came from the east, RC xiii 379 . co tacradh ass a bhiadh cōir do chāch, IT iii 188 . co tocraitis asa tíribh do décsain . . . crotha Hectoir they would have come, TTr.² 1091 . doluid A. for iarraid usci ┐ dorala cosin tobur cétna, RC xxiv 198 . dia tarla sí cusin mbandtrebthaig, IT i 48 . ni thacēra d'iarmēirge, Cog. 225 (LL) = ni ticfa don ērmēirge, 10 . araili ailitir dorala do Toirinis, Todd Nenn. 212 . rosirius Magh Fáil . . . tairlius do Cill Uí S., BS 48 . docurethar in lia forru anair the stone lights on them, TBC-I¹ 1415 (LU). doleig side in gae bulgae . . . co tochrastar annuass for a chathbarr, IT ii1 184 . dorala menma Faelain fuirri, RC xxvii 262 . dorála menma a mátha(i)r uirre, RC xxix 120 . conidh hí comairle forsa tarrla the plan he hit upon, CCath. 1378 (perh. impers.). (With reflex. pron.) dosraladar for merugud they began to wander astray, RC xxiv 196 = SG 328 . is mairg ances a bidbaid | in n-inbaid dochora il-lén when he falls into misfortune, LL 146b38 ( PRIA xix 544 ). lēicid C. in gae fair . . . conid anuas docorastar (tocorastar, LU) in-a mullach, TBC-I¹ 1296 . Cf. 3664 . docoras[tar] casal di nim i n-ucht Pátraic, Trip.² 1228 (impers.?). rotheilg L. in ngai . . . co tarlai il-Laeg, RC iii 178 . tharla tuagh Bhrodair i gceann Bhriain, Ériu i 88 . tus in tochrad i m-aigid to see whether she would meet me, Aen. 626 . dochear Lugaid Riabnderg do chumaid a mna . . . ┐ man a claidem fodein dorala he fell on his own sword (?), Lec. 588a43 . cia tochra int espach eturru though the onlooker should come between them, Laws ii 294 Comm.

(c) Folld. by DO (also AR, FRI) meets, comes upon, falls in with (in some of the follg. exx. the earlier meaning of the vb., not that of an intrans. vb. of motion, is still apparent): dogabh ag luamhairecht an curaigh co tarrla oilen ingnadh dō, Ériu iii 156 . docuir Nae an colum da fis an faighbeadh talamh . . . ┐ tarla dō an talumh ina roibhe, etc., Lib. Flav. i 10a30 . docurastar dam lethbarghen cruithnechta ┐ ordu ēisc = I found, got, RC x 90 (perh. impers.). tarla int ailen-sa ar A., ZCP ii 298 . docuiridar Bricriu dóib forsind ḟaithche, LL 186a42 = RC xxvi 12 . tachraid bocht dó ar in conair, Lism. L. 4305 (docuirethar, v.l.). tús . . . in taichēradh dō aen duine, Aen. 290 . dorala dam forsin sét mo choimdiu Ísu, PH 1892 . doralai dias fer n-arsatai dóib, SG ii 467 . co tarla do in bantrebtach, Hy. v 73 Comm. ( Thes. ii 345 ). co ttarla ben-gheilt dó ann, BS 108 . do bhrígh nach dtárla dhamh mo dhearbráthair T., 2 Cor. ii 13 . dochuir Banba doib, Lec. 28a30 . do-ralatar a námaitt dó, BColm. 94 . tarladur na trí righdha so da chéle, ZCP ii 38 . is mairg ar a tocherat, TBC-LL¹ 5707 . tárla bean air, Proverbs vii 10 . go dtarladar trí mic C. orra, Keat. ii 1300 ; 1273 . amail doraladar forsin topur, RC xxiv 202 . dorála a chos fri cloich, SG 403 . tárla trócaire ┐ fírinne ré chéile, Psalms lxxxv 10 . do mharbhsat gach a dtarla riú do lucht an bhaile, Keat. iii 5242 . doraladar a triur frisin n-uasal, YBL 191a16 . go dtarladar ladrainn ris, TSh. 1450 .

(d) With FRI encounters, opposes (this use is spec. frequent with the late form tachraid): roḟācaib [Fiacha] a clanna dia ēis . . . do thochar ria Padraic . . . ┐ ni tharla neach aile do cloind Ḟiachach fris acht Fothad F. amain, Lec. 143a37 . ni thagraim leat, a L., | ná re Tadg ré dtarlabhair with whom you are engaged in dispute, Content. xi 15 . mairg thochras ri clērchib cell, LL 149b26 = thochrus fri, SG 70 , 78 . gach nech tochrus ré rí[g] réil, Fianaig. 80 . tachraid re chele, Caithr. CC 52 . ba tresi nā gach trēn rotac[h]rad fris, BB 488b24 . baoi do mhéd a mhenman . . . go ttochairfedh friú, AFM v 1766 . ēcoir d'Fathod tachair frim . . . | ní do deoin Luighdech Meic Con | do thaichérad frim Fathod, Acall. 1137 . gomtis ionchatha ┐ co ttochraitis friu, Leb. Gab.(i) 144 . i mbeilgibh bélchumhgaibh i ttoc[h]raittís re aroile, AFM vi 2112 .

(e) With DO falls to the lot of, happens to, befalls (rarely in this sense with infd. dat. pron. instead of do): nachustarla anfaitchess may negligence never come upon them, BColm. 50 . dorala cōir gāithi doib fochedoir, Lec. 569a25 . co tarla anfud mór doib, Hy. v 13 Comm. ( Thes. ii 328 ). co tarla doib imsreang curad (i.e. they engaged in struggle), Lec. 352a44 . Fiacha Fear dā liach . . . .i. liach do cach echt dorala do, 337b42 . cia imned dorala duib?, ACL iii 225 . dorala gnim n-ingnad do he happened to do a strange thing, Ériu v 114 . o tharla dhuit an gním olc, SG 29 . gia nothachrad écht dó, TBC-LL¹ 1180 . cia and do ná tochradar | bét no bine nó baeghul?, ZCP iv 468 . do Chonall dorala imdegail in chóicid it fell to C. to guard, TBC-I¹ 592 LU. rolaesead dā mac Miled crandchar iar sin forsan aes dāna .i. file ┐ cruitire . . . do Erimon dorala in file, BB 42b13 . certar crandchor léo dūs cia do thoc[h]radh dul . . . Dochuir (dofuit, v.l.) son don tres comalta, RC x 78 . rolaset chrandchor . . . conid don dull dorala tec[h]t sis, Hy. v 13 Comm. ( Thes. ii 328 ). is ann dorala dosom a denam, Hy. i Pref . ( Thes. ii 298 ). is grad epscuip dorala do epscop Mél do thabairt for Brigit, Hy. v 15 Comm. ( Thes. ii 330 ). condarala di turgnom catha Findchorad she happened to be preparing for, Ériu ii 184 . as ag an mbile sin dorala do Dhomhnall do ueith, BS 16 . dia tochrad dó Hectoir do thuitim leis, TTr.² 973 . as maith tarrla dúind an chailleach do marbudh it is well for us that we have killed, Imr. Brain i 65 . dorala do B. beith ag saigdeoracht, Todd Nenn. 38 . is amlaid dorala do C. beith ┐ ingen alaind aici in tan sin C. happened to have a beautiful daughter, Lec. 168b16 . condusrala do Meidb dola co Boind, Ériu ii 178 . dorala intan sin do M. condacaid aislingi, ACL iii 10 . tarla dona beachuibh co ndeachadur . . ., Ériu ii 82 . tarla do beirt saighdiuir go ndechator astech i n-aroile egluis, Fl. Earls 60 .

(f) Hence in general sense of comes to pass, happens, takes place (chiefly in perf. dorala, tarla). With noun as subj. often in sense of there was , or in impers. constr. with inf. phrase or subord. sent.: forcaemnacair (.i. tarla), ACL iii 10 . in tan dorala in scēl-sa and when this event took place, PH 46 . cethracha rig dorala frisrohicad borama | o aimsir Thuathail . . . there were forty kings, Lec. 40b28 (perh. rather to be referred to II (a) = dorala cethrachait r.). ní tharla il-leitrib na lāidib . . . aen-triar ban neither in books nor songs is found a trio, 395a13 (II (a)?). go ttárla sneachta mór fán am sin ann, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 40 . tárla méad meanman na bhfoireann ar gcriothnughadh na long the courage of the crew was aroused, ML 46 . tarla iomchaineadh . . . eitir M. ┐ mhnáoi oile a dispute arose, BS 142 . tarla imressan eturru, Acall. 2717 . an ferand fa tharla imresuin adrum-sa ┐ C., BCC 179 . darala debaigh mor etarru, YBL 164b10 . tohruid (sic) frithnois fuigill etorro an altercation arises, Cog. 142 = tohraid (sic) frithnos, 144 . gidh bedh tochrus do bar comhrag-si whatever be the issue of your combat, Aen. 2968 (= quo res cumque cadent, Aeneid xii 203 ). maith tharla it is well, Keat. ii 4725 . dorala . . . Gortigernd mac G. do gabail airdrigi Breatan, Todd Nenn. 74 . amal dorala na dūile do chumscugud oc cēsad Crist, PH 1078 . dorala conid si sein aimser . . . (= contigit quod), Lat. Lives 5 . dorala co ndechsat immach (= casu accidit ut . . .), 76 . conid tairle co n-ebarthar mac ríg frim mac may it come to pass that, Ériu iv 24 . gé tharla gur fhōbair . . ., Fl. Earls 68 . dorala iar n-ég Gorthemuir . . . doronsat Saxain meabail for B., Todd Nenn. 102 .

IV Invites, summons (this sense may have arisen out of the meaning puts in cases where the vb. was folld. by co): gl. adsciscere, Ml. 25c13 , Sg. 6b18 , 16b8 , 61a7 ; arcessere, Sg. 184a2 ; citare, Ml. 3a1 ; exciere, 16c6 , 18d6 ; invitare, 29b1 , O'Mulc. 527 ; postulare, Corm. Y 77 . tocuiriur etrum indiu inna huli nert-so fri cech nert I summon today all those powers (put . . . between me and?), Hy. vi 48 ( Thes. ii 357 ). docuirethar cétna persan sin persana aili chucae takes other persons to it, Sg. 191a2 . docuiredar gōi, inairben fīr; tocuiredar ēcert, inarben cert, ZCP xii 364 . tócurid [in comdiu] dochum nimi chuci lucht na deirce, FA 1 (LU). tocuirid na sualchi, dichurid na dualchi, PH 5614 , cf. 4992 - 5 . intí is cendais . . . tócuired in fergach co mín (= revocet), 5829 . muna tocuirit fein chuca iat, Laws v 458 Comm. rotochuir an tír chucca, Hugh Roe 36 . rostochuir ┐ rostiomairg fine Gaoidil, Leb. Gab.(i) 234 . rotocuirisdair G. cuice dā druid dēg, Todd Nenn. 90 . romtochuirseat ina ndocum, CCath. 983 . tochuirter iatt gusin gcaislēn, Fl. Earls 70 . co tocuiredh Eoin . . . ó Ispís ad Bathmos, BB 10a4 . rotochuiredh do a brathair, LL 402b52 . rotocuiret dia indsaighidh a slōigh, 404b39 . rodocuirit (ro tochuiritt, v.l.) Dailcais uli cucu, Cog. 74 .

v (* to-in-com-icc-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 555 ) Indic. pres. 3 s. do-nd-ecmaing, Ml. 54a7 . do-n-ecmaiṅg, Sg. 40a16 . tecmaiṅg, 9a11 , 29a1 . tecming, 161a1 . décmaing, LL 291b3 . tecmoing, AFM ii 596 , etc. 3 pl. doecmungat, Ml. 63c8 . thecmoṅgat, Sg. 2a10 . Impf. 3 s. tecmainged, Mon. Tall. 129.19 . Subj. pres. 3 s. do-n-ecmai, Mon. Tall. 146.19 . do-t-eccme, 160.10 . do-ecma, Laws iii 252 , ii 114 . cid do-m-ecma , IT iii 63 § 129 . nach-an-tecma, Fél. Jan. 10 . dia tecmai , Laws v 372 . dia tecma , v 166 , etc. ? dosnecmaither, O'Curry 2006 ( H 4.22 32 ). Impf. 3 s. doecmoised, Wb. 5d26 . do-nd-ecmised, Mon. Tall. 143.6 . thecmaised, 133 . Pret. 3 s. (depon.) tecmoncuir, Mon. Tall. 153.19 . teccomnocuir, Wb. 10a4 . to-nd-echomnuchuir (ch = cc), Cambr. 38a ( Thes. ii 247 ). do-m-chaomnacuir, Mon. Tall. 144 . doecomnacair, Trip. 390 . do-coemnacair, BDD 157 . teccomnacuir, Corm. Y 1018 = docoemnacair, Laud 610 . tegmocair, ZCP xiii 262.13 . Pass. pres. s. tecmongur, Mon. Tall. 162.11 . ?pret. s. dorecmacht, LL 273b5 .

Secondary formations. From pres. stem, pret. 3 s. dorecmaiṅg, TBC-LL¹ 2025 , cf. 1292 and Lism. L. 135 ; forecmaing, ib. barecmaing, LL 264b32 . rotecmaing, Lism. L. 175 . 3 pl. dorecmaingetar, IT iii 185 ( BB 260b49 , YBL 181b31 ). From subj. stems. Indic. pres. 3 s. doeccaim, CCath. 4907 , 5005 ( dos-feccaim, 3661 ). doeccaimh, AFM v 1870 , Hugh Roe 294 . doecaiph, Auraic. 4323 . teccaim, BB 435a44 . fristegaim, YBL 167b5 . teaguimh, IGT Introd. § 22 (9.14) . Later tecmaid, mod. teagmhuidh. Imperf. 3 s. nothecmad, LL 168a4 . 3 pl. tecmaitis, CCath. 5730 . Subj. impf. 3 s. ma tecmadh , ZCP viii 111 . da tegmad , BColm. 94 , etc. Perf. 3 s. dorécaim, TBC-LL¹ 116 ( LL 54b36 ), doreccaim, Hugh Roe 192 . doreagaim, MR 178 . barrecaim, CRR 23 , 36 , cf. TBC-LL¹ 4758 . barrecaib, TBC-LL¹ 2897 , 4631 . arrecaim, 2 . Fut. 3 s. tecēma, TBC-LL¹ 1265 , 1285 . tegéma, ZCP viii 213.5 . teigeomha, Proverbs xii 21 . A mod. variant of this stem is teangmh-.

Also do-ecmaic, giving indic. pres. (pret.?) 3 s. doecmaic, RC ix 456 . da-ecmaic, LU 1540 . do-nn-ecmaic, Fél. Dec. 24 . tecmaicc, LL 161a35 . tecmaicid, LB 158a53 . 3 pl. doecmaittsium, Anecd. ii 23 .

Vn. tecmang, tecmáil.

See IGT Verbs § 2 .

I As trans. vb. hits (a mark, etc.), strikes ; this is possibly the original meaning, cf. 2 ecmaing (see 1 ad-cumaing), or may be borrowed from the latter verb: gabais L. cloich . . . ┐ díbaircid dí conda ecmaic tar a luthain struck her, MU² 1049 . ba erchor tecmaicc, Metr. Dinds. iii 108 . conid-ro-marb ┐ décmaing a chend dé, RC xiii 460 .

II Like do-cuirethar, used as impers. vb. with accus. and follg. adverbial phrase or equivalent: d-an-ecmaing he happens to be (in a place, condition, etc.). Later the impers. constr. passes into a personal one, and in cases where the noun is sing. it is often impossible to decide whether it is subj. or obj. of vb.

(a) is menic dondecmaing it is often the case is such, Ml. 54a7 . acht dond-ecmaing a ní-siu gl. fortunae casu, Sg. 137b5 . doecmaic aní sin that may be so, RC ix 456 (do fomaing, v.l.). la dēcsin a chrotha gil | la cach n-ōin is indeithbir, | mina tegma (degma, MS.) . . . cēill n-āith n-airetraim n-imglain unless . . . sense be there (along with beauty), ZCP vi 267 . bid fāilid frim dām(īn]e | cia do-mecma cēt marcach though I should happen to be (accompanied by) a hundred horsemen (cét m. dat. of accompaniment?), IT iii 63 , cf. Bruchst. i § 166 . cingit chorma didiu intan do-n-ecmaic ni hebar deog di when it happens to be at hand (?), LB 9b40 . lom medc-usci ind domnaich ma tecme if it is forthcoming (?), Mon. Tall. 143 . da fítt chert chutrume cid mín cid anmín dondecme whether it happens to be delicate or coarse fare, 161 . conad air[e] nach lamaid daene a tadall acht mines-tegmad troich unless they should be persons doomed to death, Todd Nenn. 210 ( BB 256b49 ). bid na sūili dūnta muna tegmaidh osguilti go haicideach iad, 3 C 19, 72 va 11 . antand do-n-ecmaing aircend praindo when it is the end of a meal, Mon. Tall. 148 . ma teccmai lith laithe if it happen to be a festival day, Laws v 396 . mani teccmai Lugnasad, 406 . mad immalde fris doteccme if thou happen to be beside him, Mon. Tall. 160 . barrecaim Conall ir-remthús resna sluagaib, CRR 36 . is and barrecaib-sium in-airthiur Ái, TBC-LL¹ 2897 . gach cor nochuiredh dhe, nothegmadh frais do dhealgaibh sgiach ann there would be a quantity of thorns in any part of the bush he might move into, BS 22 . acht ma tecmadh secht tengta filed i cinn aenduine though there were seven tongues of poets in one man's head, ZCP viii 111 . ni roleicceadh tathamh . . . dona Spáinneachaibh doeccaimh i Rinn Chorráin who happened to be in R., Hugh Roe 294 (prob. impers.). da tegmad a Carnn ingine Briain he, Lec. 167a note. a n-aón-ionadh ina tteigeobhadh é, Ériu v 100 . isin deidendáil thennta i tecomnaccair a mbiodhbhadha aca in the strait difficulty in which they had their enemies, AFM vi 2280 . isin ccúil chumhaing i teacomhnagair i teannta occa n-esccairdibh, Hugh Roe 148 . Folld. by prep. denoting motion: muna dteagmha chuige catha coimthiugha, ML 134 . na déra dolécet . . . is amlaid hi tecma i n-ucht in Duileman they fall into, Ériu ii 194 (v.l., LB 202b55 ). co ttecomhnacair an ccraoisicch ccruaidhrighin hi tula édain don eoch, Hugh Roe 256 . condaecmaing dar leic a hochta do Ecsi (of a missile), Anecd. ii 54 . is edh dosfeccaim-si, i mmullach a sūlu cli do S. (of an arrow; saiget, f.), CCath. 3661 . a tecmadh isin muir dibh whatever (missiles) fall into the sea, 2014 .

(b) In follg. exx. vb. appears to be in pers. (and hence intrans.) constr.: combad i n-aimsir na nAed . . . no thecmad int anmanna sin this creature lived in the time of, LL 168a4 ( SG ii 480 ). co trascair . . . cach ni teccaim ar a ceann overthrows all before it (of a flood), BB 435a44 . an tan teaguimh .th. a ndiaigh .n. when `th' happens to follow `n', IGT Introd. 9 . feudaidh an sagart eile theagmhas do láthair an tAifrionn do chríochnughadh who happens to be present, Eochairsg. 122 . docoemnacair coirthe cloche fo chossaib Maicc C., BDD 157 (impers.?). gur gemel . . . doreagaim itir cāch dā curaid there was a fetter between each two heroes, MR 178 . cách hi crích a thíre fesin nó hi crích ina tecmai (hi tecma, v.l.) or any (other) territory he may chance to be in, Ériu ii 206 , cf. Anecd. iii 21 . itharna | mad dia tecma i l-lithadba should it perchance be in a feasting-hall, Corm. Y 69 . muna theagmadh lucht a freastail ina focraibh da ḟoiridin had not . . . been near to help him, CF 51 . teccomnacuir Find fecht n-and i Tethbai cona féin ┐ luid for cuairt selgae, Corm. Y 1018 (= tanic, LB). dorecmaingetar maithi fear nErenn ic ól fesi Temrach, IT iii 185 ( BB 260b49 ). intan tecaim in lán mara ac diraim, CCath. 1971 . doreccaimh díreim dia mharcslogh occ sireadh na n-oirer happened to be reconnoitring, Hugh Roe 62 . cidh be aga thegmonn fiabras whoever has a fever, 24 P 22, 183.4 . dá dteagmhadais airm agom if I had arms, MR 278 . co tecmaitis na marcaigh foena fo a cossaib were prostrate, CCath. 5730 . conid tecmaing cucci in fennid cétna, Ériu iv 22 ( LL 106a20 ). mongēnair ecclas . . . gos tecmaig fer grāidh eccnaid, RC xxxviii 346 . in tecmait dochum ifirn? are we going to hell? RC xiv 48 . gébé againn chum a teigémadh macám, SG 302 . tracht i tecaib tond, LL 147a11 (PRIA xix 546). imaseach doecmaitt-sium they come down in turns (of ebb and flow), Anecd. ii 23 . tecema il-laind a scéith will alight (of a missile), TBC-LL¹ 1265 . dia mad me notecmad tair, BB 407a41 . In follg. instances perh. pass.: fecht robaoi tecmongar celdag hi Cluain mac Nóis `there arose a contention', Mon. Tall. 162 . dorecmacht aenach i Taltin lais a fair was held by him, LL 273b5 .

III As intrans. vb.

(a) happens, occurs, takes place (pers. and impers.): ol donecmaing gl. quod accidit, Sg. 40a16 . donaib hí thecmoṅgat gl. de accidentibus, 2a10 . tecmaing amin it happens thus, 29a1 . dia cóicc mbliadhna seasccat . . . tecmoing sin, AFM 917 (ii 596) . riasiu tecma bēt nó pudar, Hy. vi 10 Comm. ( Thes. ii 351 ). mar 'tberad Midir, maith dit, | dia tecma if it come to pass (is done) as M. said, Metr. Dinds. iii 456 . madh ona cūsibh so tecmus an íta if the thirst arise from these causes, 23 P 10, 33a4 . gurob o spasmus . . . tig ┐ teagmaidh se (i.e. grinding the teeth), 3b54 . accidunt . . . morbi .i. tegmaidh a foirimill an cuirp galar, 58.1 . truag, a Dé, do tecgmais it has turned out ill, ACL iii 240 (= do-t-ecgmais?). Folld. by vn. phrase or subord. clause: tecmaing buith briathar huadib-sem it happens that verbs are (derived) from them, Sg. 156a2 . tecmaing a buith hi comsuidigud, 212b9 . doeigemud a mbeth ar in espuc a aenur it might happen that (these grades) were (united) in the bishop, Laws v 54 . mas re deithbiris doecma rucadh sis hi if it were through accidental necessity it was taken down, iii 252 . dia tecma comadh calma do S. inās duitsiu if S. should prove to be braver than you, Ériu v 152 . adubairt go ndeachatar . . . ┐ dia ttegmhadh nach raghdaoiss, Fl. Earls 24 . tecomnacair gur ro iadh nathair nemidhe ina timchell, Leb. Gab.(i) 196 . rotecmaing gur ben mu cheann re cloich, Lism. L. 175 .

With infd. dat. pron. happens to: ced donecmai bás ind if he chance to die for it, Mon. Tall. 146 . náchantecma drochrann, Fél. Jan. 10 . gidh dom thegmadh, ZCP viii 544 . domchaomnacuir airisem hi fothrucud I chanced to stay in the bath, Mon. Tall. 144 . dus in fesad int imned do-sn-eacmaing, RC vi 174.22 (YBL), in n-imniuth do-tocoemnacair, ib. (Eg.). ciped dosnecmad on tráth co araile whatever should befall her, RC viii 150 . is ē beirius a domuine ma dosneacmu, Laws ii 284 Comm. (if it fall to him? but perh. -sn- is here fem. accus. pron. referring to domuine, vb. being impers.; cf. ib. 114 : ma dosnecma dí, i.e. dont ṡáire).

Generally folld. by DO (FRI): foditu chruche . . . am[ail] tondechomnuchuir dundaib abstalaib, Cambr. 38a ( Thes. ii 247 ). amal bid dúib doecmoised as though it had happened to you, Wb. 5d26 . inna fochaide ┐ inna n-ingramman doecmungat dūnni gl. accidentium, Ml. 63c8 . ni do cach brēthir tecming persona not every verb is personal, Sg. 161a1 . tecmaing dond folud hísin gl. qualitatis (i.e. the category of quality is added as determinant to that of mere substance), 30a17 , 18 . maith in cherd gaiscid donecmaic do Choinc[h]ulaind, TBC-I¹ 1699 . go tteacmhann do gach aon dip in fortūn . . . bhus toltanach la Dia, Fl. Earls 180 . budh maith tegmas dí good shall befall her, ZCP i 125 . do innis dóibh . . . gach nidh do theangmhadh dhoibh, ZCP ii 550 . um gach éinchinnemhain notheigēmadh dhóip, Fl. Earls 60 . d'egla go tteigeómhadh a leithéid so do chás dhuinn, Mac Aingil 109 . do thionnsgain sé na neithe do theigéumhadh dhó d'innisin dóibh, Mark x 32 . teicēmaid toirc[h]es duit ┐ bēra dā ingen, ZCP vii 308 . na mna . . . do nach tecmand clann, 23 P 10, 35a60 . ní teagmand clann di, 23 Q 5, 46.38 . mac cleiriuch dia tecmai oen inna cinath-sa who happens to commit one of these sins, Ériu vii 170 . is and barecmaiṅg dóib sin bith ar múr Temra, MU² 362 . da tegmad dam dul ar leth, BColm. 94 . tocaomnacair do Diarmaid ┐ do Blathmac . . . conid eiter a lāmaib rothathamir Cúrui, Mon. Tall. 153 . da tecma don curp allus do teacht de if the body should happen to perspire, 23 P 10, 6a25 . With FRI (RE, LE): urcoid teagmus re bunait na fethedh which occurs to, 23 P 10, 4a16 . cipé tan no tecmudh frit amal dorala do-som, ZCP iv 390 . do digail an anndligid forsin foirind fris tegaim ferg De, YBL 167b5 .

(b) Esp. is or comes in the way of, meets with DO, FRI, AR (FOR). As in the case of do-cuirethar the construction here seems to have been orig. that of a trans. impers. vb., cf. the follg. exx.: cach inad a tecmad clanna Néill dá chéili ┐ Connacht[a] wherever the Clan N. and the men of Connacht met each other, SG 50 . nā tegmad thū do nech inā nech duit, RC xii 348 . cia bith ara tecmainged dóib, Mon. Tall. 129 (do-ecmaing dom ar . . . I meet). doregaimh araill (sic leg.) don gasraidh tul i tul do he encountered a band . . . face to face, Hugh Roe 156 . robeired coscar do na huilib rígaib nothecmad ris, SG 391 . romuigheadh rompa for na sluaghaibh teagmhadh riu, Hy Fiach. 22 .

With personal construction: teit in fer . . . ┐ tecmhaing rón dó he came upon a seal, Lism. L. 1640 . in lucht tiagait tar dorus Dúid amach . . . tecmaicid drochut doib, LB 158a53 . is dóigh leo . . . gurab í an comuirle is ferr tecmus dóib `that the best counsel befalls them', Maund. 21 . aroile ridire . . . tegmaic doib-sen forsan sét, Fl. Earls 134 . tecmaid . . . Muire mór do mnai Jacim, ACL iii 244 . an t-ionnad at-teagmha dhuit ailbhín do thorcaibh, ZCP ii 552 . co rothecaim dó annsin tor he chanced to come to a tower, Lec. 602b24 . iss andsin barrecgaim echlach . . . do Chonchobar, TBC-LL¹ 4758 . doecomnacair dremm do Bretnaib doib, Trip. 390 . doreccaim dhó for a chinn aroile duine, Hugh Roe 192 . dorecmaingetar triar do-sum ag im[decht] na conairi, YBL 176b1 . teichemhaid laech dhuit ar an sligid, Lism. L. 3456 . teccemhaidh occ-laech . . . don ti bherus mo chorp-sa lais, BNnÉ 94 . an céadchrann do theigéamhadh dhó the first tree he should find, Keat. ii 2686 . beannughadh do chrois ┐ don comharsain an tan theigéumhaid dhúinn, Parrth. Anma 17 . secip foradhchnoc . . . i n-a tteicemadh imat snechta ┐ oigridh dó on which he should find a quantity of snow and ice, Fl. Earls 192 . With FRI: tegmaid gilla Bríain . . . re gilla Taidg, ZCP viii 231 . doeccaimh cobhlach na bainrioghna friú, AFM v 1870 . gerbó mor an glenn nothegmadh fris, BS 176 . teigemhad sa friut iar ttriochad bliadhan, BNnÉ 103 . teagmhadh mathghamhuin ré duine let a bear meet a man, Proverbs xvii 12 . dá teagma riut duine maith, O'Gr. Cat. 119 . do ghalaraibh le at-teagmhaidis diseases they might meet with, ZCP ii 550 . With AR (FOR): ní cian dochuaid innte in tan tecmaic ar in ndúil diablaide, SG 290 . na srotha . . . an trat[h] tegmas talam lac soscailti orra when they come to loose soluble soil, Ir. Astr. Tr. 40 . nó cu teagma ort nuimir óir na bliadna-sa until you hit on the golden number, O'Gr. Cat. 303 . nó co teagmad ort an silla atái d'iaraidh, 300 . imthigem in cruindi . . . co tecema forn an maigden till we find the maiden, Grail 3248 . ná cotail . . . dia tegmad drem folaid ort lest an ambush fall upon thee, ZCP vi 272 .

v (* to-icc-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 557 ). Indic. pres. 2 s. condid-ticci, Wb. 24b5 . tici-siu, TBC-I¹ 2610 . 3 s. do-da-ic, Ml. 123d3 . to-t-ic, Fél. May 25 . tic, SR 8117 , etc. 3 pl. to-nn-ecad, TBC-I¹ 475 . do-s-ecat, Lec. 85b1 . (Mid.Ir. tecat, tecait.) Impf. 3 s. ní ticed , Ml. 41d9 . doticed, SR 1116 . 3 pl. tictis, TBC-I¹ 1432 (LU). do thictis , SR 1120 . toi-n-ictis, BB 39a22 . Ipv. 3 s. ticed, LU 3660 ( SCC § 32 ). to-n-iced, TBC-I¹ 1061 ; do-m-icced, etc. 3 pl. tecat, TBC-I¹ 1402 (LU).

Subj. pres. 1 s. co tis[s]a , TBC-I¹ 938 . tíos, Lism. L. 2297 . co tiu-sa , PH 997 . 2 s. tís, TBC-LL¹ 1860 . go tis-[s]iu, 5979 . acht co tís , RC iii 181.14 . Mid.Ir. mina tisi , Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 40 . 3 s. do-mm-, Fél. Ep. 561 . co tí , Wb. 8d25 , Ml. 26a5 . 1 pl. ara tísam , TBC-I¹ 25 . 2 pl. tan tissaid , SR 3501 . 3 pl. cé do-t-ísat , Ériu i 198 § 17 . ar nacha-tísat , Wb. 17d10 . co tíssat , Hy. ii 36 . co ndon-tisat , TBC-I¹ 3066 . In Mid.Ir. often depon. in 1 and 2 s.: co tisor , TBC-I¹ 939 , Lism. L. 2315 . na tísir-siu , LL 262b28 . Impf. 1 s. co tissain , SR 1814 . 3 s. do-da-íssed, Ml. 39c15 . do-n-ised, TBC-I¹ 925 (LU). cia do-m-issed , 1728 . tised, Wb. 27c8 . mani thised , 4c15 . condid-tísed, 21a1 . condísed, 25a6 . contísed, Thes. ii 242.6 (Ardm.). do-r-issed, Corm. s.v. leithech (LB). 1 pl. tismais, TBC-I¹ 2357 . 2 pl. dia tistai , TBC-LL¹ 590 . 3 pl. do-m-istais, TBC-I¹ 2832 . do-n-ístais, Ériu i 114 § 3 . ? doristis, TTr.² 692 . tístis. Fut. 1 s. ticabh, Lism. L. 2299 . ticub, Ériu vii 229.11 , AFM i 308 (poem). 3 s. do-sn-icfa, Wb. 5c5 . do-nd-iccfa, 29c4 . to-t-icfa, SR 6855 . ticfea, Wb. 4d6 . ticfe, SR 8103 . ticfai, IT i 20.28 (LB). 3 pl. du-nd-icfet, Ml. 19b11 . ticfat, SR 8037 etc. ticfait, 8129 . Condit. 1 s. ní ticfaind , TBC-I¹ 2504 . 3 s. do-n-icfad, Wb. 21a3 . nad ticfed , Ml. 46a19 . 3 pl. du-nd-icfitis, 68a1 . In later lang. the stem tiuc- commonly occurs in fut. tiucfad (1 s.), TE 9 (Eg.).

Pret. and Perf. 1 s. tánac, SR 1684 , cf. 1695 . rotanac-sa, IT i 102.22 . 2 s. do-ndn-anac, TBC-I¹ 1613 (YBL) = to-nn-anac, (LU). tánac, 485 . 3 s. do-m-anicc, Wb. 12c9 . du-nn-ánic, 25a21 . du-da-ánaic, Ml. 123c3 . tánicc, Wb. 30d11 . nin-tánicc, 1d1 . tanaic, Ml. 35d1 . nín-tanic, 14d4 . condanicc, Wb. 3c27 . Mid.Ir. tánic, táinic. 2 pl. donfáncid, LU 1451 . donangid, 1452 . tancaibair, 2328 . 3 pl. do-m-ancadar, TBC-I¹ 2807 , du-sn-ancatar, 832 . táncatar. With -ro-: dom-ranic, TBC-I¹ 2787 . dosranic, ZCP xi 110 § 32 . damrancadar, TBC-I¹ 2850 . Pass. (s. only) ipv. na tecar , TBC-LL¹ 1767 . Pres. tecar, ni tecar , Laws , etc. Subj. pres. co tístar , Moling 71 . na tistar , RC iii 185.4 . Impf. tísta; muna thíosta , AFM vi 1918 . Pret. and perf. ticht (tohét, v.l.) . . . o Ch. i ndiaid mac mB., Cymmr. xiv 110 § 10 (see ZCP xviii 326 ). -tícht, Loinges mac nDuíl Dermait 56 § 22 . Vn. tíchtu, tiacht, etc. Later also techt.

Mid.Ir. deuterotonic forms with inorganic -f-: da-fic, TBC-I¹ 561 LU = doficc, YBL; impf. do-ficced; fut. do-ficfe, TBC-I¹ 203 . dobarficfa, SG 376.9 . toficfat, TBC-I¹ 1077 (LU). ficfit, 171 ; pret. dofánic, TBC-I¹ 1778 (LU). dosfánic, SR 1687 . donfáncid, LU 1451 . dosfangator, Hugh Roe 300.4 (donangatar, 5). Pass. subj. impf. do-s-físta, TBC-LL¹ 2818 . Cf. also: rasfecgat (= do-s-ecat), TBC-LL¹ 5088 ( LL 96a47 ).

With s- forms in pret. and perf.: 1 s. tangus. 2 s. tánacais, TBC-I¹ 2415 . tanacais-[s]iu, IT i 102.23 . Also 3 s. ticcis, tigis, e.g. Fl. Earls 32.22 , 46.1 , 78.14 .

The follg. subj. forms are perhaps due to contamination with -dichs-, prototonic stem of do-cóis- (tiagu): Pres. 3 s. dodsisigh . . . ticsidh , Ériu v 156 , 174 . Impf. 3 s. ticsead, Lec. 347a51 ; 342b22 . ara tigsed , 191b30 . 3 pl. co-ndn-icsitis, Lat. Lives 49 . In late Mid.Ir. subj. is often formed from stem ticc-, tig-.

I In O.Ir. usually with direct object (freq. an infixed pron. in accus.) comes to, approaches, denoting motion (physical or figurative).

(a) With pers. obj.: do-ss-icc seigh mar don muir, Anecd. i 70 . to-t-ic (do tic, v.l.) féil Iohannis, Fél. May 25 . ní ticed scís mo chnamai cid dian . . . nothéisinn, Ml. 41d9 . doticfa diliu trom, SR 2442 . toticfa dígal, 6855 . doforficfa foirit[h]in help will come to you, CCath. 3579 . dobicfat (doforfiucfad, v.l.) anbthine móra, Ériu ii 196 . túatha hÉrenn tairchantais | do-sn-icfed sídflaith núae, Hy. ii 19 . is ed rochreti cách duibsi . . . nachabticfed for rí, Ml. 46a14 . dommí co ndegairdib . . . mo c[h]ara cain may my friend come to me, ACL iii 221 . Michel uasal . . . doti for cech cái, Anecd. ii 52 . nachamthí bét nā bini, Ériu ii 92 . guidim-si . . . nachasti nach plāigh, Anecd. ii 34 . nām thí garga fri sluagh nArda may no resentment against . . . come to me, ACL iii 297 . cé do tísat morgressa, Ériu i 198 . co ndontisat a ndá trichaid cēt sin, TBC-I¹ 3066 . ma(i) domised-sa com thech | hua Mescain should come to me to my house, AU 617 . nicon fil frithorcain nachamthísed-sa, Ml. 107b8 . co nam tísad congain cride, ZCP v 497 . menim-thistais écne, Ériu v 210 . domanic ben maethainech, TBC-I¹ 2789 . isé ceta-domthanic who was the first to come to me, 2794 . boi C. ina otharligiu andside conatatanicc Senoll, 2735 . tainic anbthine mór a cobhlach, CCath. 162 . bennacht for cach donancamar everyone we have come to, Anecd. i 11 . tabraid far mbennachtain forsin flaith do-n-fáncid the prince to whom you have come, MU² 925 . dosfancadar uilc mora, CCath. 313 .

Rare in pass.: dammad ar galaib óenfir dosfístá Oengus, TBC-LL¹ 2818 (= do hionnsochtai, St.).

do-m-icc comes to me in sense of I get (ó from): is deolaid a trian tic fer mbunaid the third which the original owner gets, Laws iv 180 . a trian tic na flaithi, Ériu i 214 . tomiced biad cach n-oen-aichde uaidib let them send me food, TBC-I¹ 1061 . do-micced mo dlighedh let me have my right, Laws i 82 Comm. domiced claideb úaib give me a sword, TBFr. 229 . ni-n-tiucba a ndonfarnic arráir we shall not get what we got last night, RC x 66 . minab samlaid thēis, roticfa (for rot-t.) cloch huaimse isin tailm, TBC-I¹ 795 . día tísat eóin Mag M . . . . duticfat thou shalt have them, LU 3272 ( SCC § 6 ). ingaib ifern . . . rothí (= rotthí) nem so shalt thou gain heaven, ZCP vi 265 . acht co nomthi oen-poicc (for oen pócc?) duit provided I get a kiss from you, RC xxiv 198 . con-nachamthised uait acht oen-lám that thou shouldst use only one hand against me, RC iii 184 . bid fō lim tomissed comardha n-uait that thou shouldst send me a token, TBC-I¹ 925 . ara tisad a fīr cāch everyone should get his right, Laws i 152 . maic bic . . . resíu tosni a aicneth (= priusquam impellat natura), Ériu vii 144 . cuman lim amal domáinic labrad how I learned to speak, Imr. Brain ii 293 . co namthí techt do nemdaib till I gain entrance to heaven, Ériu vi 115 . Cf. also: Buarannach mac E. a síth L. domanaicsea I am B. from the fairy-mound of L., MacCongl. 75 (replacing atom-comnaicc, see 1 ad-cumaing).

(b) With obj. denoting place, destination, aim: hi ngrellig donnicc echrad rig to which the horses of a king come, TBC-I¹ 3545 . ba fornocht talam eturru ┐ daneccad hUlaid re fuined ngrēne reach it, TBC-I¹ 3418 . in tan tanic in ṁBruig ṁbúain, Ériu vii 223 . mac is amru tánic Laigniu riam, RC xiii 373 . do neoch nā toracht ┐ nā tanic an dunad, TBC-I¹ 3409 . tancatar a tech, Hy. v 53 . co tancatar Temraig, RC iii 182 . ? cén co tisam dutracht lind though we achieve not our desire, SG 45 .

co ticci till thou comest (to): condid-ticci till thou comest to it, Wb. 24b5 . rob áil damsa do dula-su co tici fail i fil Emer, TBC-I¹ 2425 . settai mná Ulad uli co nomthici-sea till thou comest to me, i.e. except me, FB § 24 . Usually as prepositional phr. as far as, up to, till: focheird C. tri bidgu ina ndiaid cotici in n-ath, TBC-I¹ 1324 . co tici Ath Da Fertai, 2135 . co ticci a dorn, 3163 . do sárluag . . . co tici do chutrommae up to thy full value (weight), TE 13 (LU). dochoid-si . . . codicce Dun S., TBC-I¹ 1317 . táinicc Brian hi Midhe co ticci Loch nA., AFM ii 728 . Cf. mod. gonuige up to, as far as, and co tí under II (a) infra.

II In Mid.Ir. and later lang. usually intrans. comes . So occasionally in O.Ir. glosses, e.g. Wb. 27c8 , 30d11 , Ml. 46a19 , and in the phrase co tí, Wb. 8d25 , 26a5 , 11 , Ml. 26a5 ; more freq. the obj. (person or destination) is replaced by a neut. infixed pron. inna persine dodiccfa, Wb. 29c4 . condid-tísed ind aimser, 21a1 . ciasidfiadat-som dundicfet in[na] fochaidi, Ml. 19b11 . ind aimsir dundicfitis Assair, 68a1 . So in the follg. exx.: fri snadud neich dodisad co n-airchetul who should come with poetry, TBC-I¹ 594 (YBL). is bráth fri bidbadu dodanic ann, 3192 . in laech dodanic, 3205 , cf. 3214 , 3216 . ba hé Cáilte dodánic, Imr. Brain i 48 . is bruthmar a bara in chaurad dadanig and, TBC-I¹ 3277 . is leth gliad dandanic (= dond.) and, 3252 . fíad ind óclaig dundánic, Imr. Brain i 47 . ar cind cach tascuir dodanic, Laws i 48 Comm. The freq. use of and thither, there in combination with this infixed pron. shows that the force of the latter was early lost. The orig. trans. construction leaves its trace further in Mid.Ir. and even later in the freq. occurrence of a nugatory infixed obj. pron.: dafic C. chucu, TBC-I¹ 561 (LU = doficc, YBL). nostic immach he comes forth, Ériu iv 100 (ergid, v.l.). dusfic Eoin gusin gcuid oile do na hapstaloibh, Fl. Earls 116 . a hArd C. dusfánaicc go Cenel Conaill, Hy Fiach. 76 . nostecat 'na ndáil, Ériu iv 106 . dusficceat darsna múraibh, AFM vi 2214 .

(a) In lit. sense: lion ticcthi tar tuile theinn as many of you as come, BS 20 . na fir-sea thecait anair who come from the east, Imr. Brain ii 288 . cech slamsrúam thened doniged ina bél asa brágit, TBC-I¹ 1947 . do choistecht fri timna | tictis isna sabbóteib, SR 4596 . doticdis na bāi . . . for ingeilt . . . a crich Dal R., Corm. Y 585 . dia tí iall i mag, TBC-I¹ 1168 . ticfa tálcend dar muir, Hy. ii 21 Comm. ( Thes. ii 314 ). muna dtíosadh aingeal Dé do nimh, Ériu i 91 . intan tíos aríss when I come back, Lism. L. 2297 . mina ticte-sa beo tar h'ais if you should not come back alive, ZCP vi 82 . ticfat a cind da colaind they shall lose their heads, CRR 22 . co tanic a inchind fora chluasa, TBC-I¹ 810 . fada ód' thír tangais alle, BS 58 . robá i ngalar ┐ tancabair dom torroma, RC iv 246 . roiarfuig doib canas tancatar, Hy. iv Pref . romarbhsat an manach ┐ tangattar iter a cend ┐ a cholann (i.e. beheaded him?), BNnÉ 41 . táncatár a traigthe co mbatar da éis turned backwards, TBC-I¹ 1932 . With co: acht co tís chucund provided thou come to us, RC iii 181 . ir-richt eoin ticed Uictor aingel co Patraic, Hy. ii 8 Comm. tainic Fergus co a pupall, TBC-I¹ 2313 . cach anmanna . . . doticed dochum nAdaim, SR 1116 . tanic nell chuice she swooned, MacCarthy 66 = dosfánic nél, SR 1637 .

Of seeds, sprouts, comes forth: tig síol is táire is ní thig | gráinne ríogh isan roilig 'a humbler seed sprouts in the graveyard but the seed of kings sprouts not', Giolla Brighde 28 § 23 .

Mid.Ir. do-icc (remi) advances, proceeds: tanic F. remi da pupull, TBC-I¹ 2419 . tainic roimhe fón toichim sin, BS 10 . táncatar rompu assan bhaile, Acall. 47 . tangadar rempo co hāth in c[h]omlaind, TBC-I¹ 2325 , 2472 , 2517 ; CRR 10 .

co tí lit. until . . . comes as prep. until: co tí in firbrithem, Wb. 8d25 . co tí lae messa, Ml. 26a5 . co tí Pátraic, Trip.² 2086 . ni fuil noeb conní a airde | co tí in Coimdiu, ACL iii 303 . óndiu co tí bráth until Doomsday, TBC-I¹ 2254 , cf. 2653 . co ti in brath(a), MR 174 . ticfa am . . . gid fada gairid go tí, Fianaig. 74.13 . o chruthughadh an domhain go dtigh so till now, Hard. i 206 .

Comes back, returns: sochaide scaras fria choemu . . . ┐ meni thiset uli i n-imslánti, TBC-LL¹ 197 . ond úair do-chúaid for conair cosin n-uair donánic, TTr.² 527 .

In fig. sense, of transition to a state, mental activity, etc.: doficfad Ulaid asa noeindin, TBC-I¹ 1077 . is minca teagaid locht an fiabrais seo cum beathadh nā cum bāis, 23 P 10, 168rb4 . is roluath tig chum tormuigh it increases, 3 C 19, 33ra10 . gurob mar sin tiocfus . . . a n-aithne na gcúisi shall come to know the causes, 62rb3 . tanic for menmain dó a breth, PH 832 . tainic ar menmain do Stait . . . bunadh, etc. occurred to Statius, TTebe 8 . gurab ón Diabhal tháinig dó an tAifrionn do chur ar gcúl (the idea) came to him of abolishing, Eochairsg. 22 .

Of time, comes, arrives: o thig aghaidh when night comes, BS 30 . o thig laa, 32 . tan dusficc tiughlaithe neich, AFM vi 2184 ond úair thanic a amser when his time (to die) had come, SR 4972 . is demin tánic mo lá my day (of death) has come, SG 91 . tainic dia fo chend a saogal, óir . . . do benadh a gcinn uile díbh their last day came, ALC ii 386 .

By extension, comes to an end, is spent (most freq. in pret.): a n-écmais do beith agum co tí an bliadhain till the year comes to an end, Imr. Brain i 67 . co táinicc trath don ló ┐ don laithe (leg. dond aidchi?) foesin (i.e. till twenty-four hours had elapsed), Moling 8 . tháinicc mórán don lá the day is far spent, Mark vi 35 . Cf. do-icc as (iii).

do-icc dom comes to me, befalls me: co ti taem dot daenacht duit may some stirring of thy humanity visit thee, ACL iii 243 . na ticfad d'ulc ┐ do maith dam all the evil . . . that might fall to me, CRR 11 . dofánic faindi dó, Ériu iv 154 . iarsin tánic galar glan, | feib tic do cach, for Adam, SR 2026 . anfud mór tanic do C. . . . co roattaig Brigit co tísad féth do, Hy. iv Pref . ( Thes. ii 323 ). tangattar doibh na huile so iar mbreithir Ruadháin, BNnÉ 16 . Rarely with LA in this sense: na trí fochaide ata annsom doticfad la Ultu the three worst pests that would befall Ulster, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 26 . atraig C. ┐ dofancatar a ḟerga lais, TBC-LL¹ 1982 .

Of states, events, etc., in general comes about, takes place, happens: ní thig re ré an raimheic ríogh | gníomh ar nar ainic sé an slógh, DDána 91.11 . gur tria n-a aimsiughadh . . . tainic marbadh dhuic de B., Fl. Earls 136 . bidh fis gach neich nadurtha ag na heolchaibh sul tigid siad ann, Ir. Astr. Tr. vi 6 . táncatar sain uile ó Media all these things came to pass through M., LL 221b21 ( TTr. 325 ). is aes ingine macdacht insin ┐ ni thangadar a fhergnima beos, TBC-I¹ 363 . dona tomhadhmannaib tangatar re a linn i nEirinn, Leb. Gab.(i) 54 . fios na neithedh nách táinig knowledge of the future, Ó Héodhusa 155 .

Comes into being, arises, originates: nia duine tiucfae will arise (of Christ), Corm. Y 959 . tiocfa sāi da c[h]loinn dia ēis | bhenfus do chāch a coibhēis, ZCP viii 109 . ar na huilibh da ttainig ┐ da ttiocfa, Luc. Fid. 49 . a chlērigh is ferr tainec thou best of clerics ever born, ZCP viii 302 . conid tainic Senchas Mar was established, Laws i 40 . ag so mar tháinig Béibhionn the descent of B. was as follows, Keat. iii 4041 .

Comes to pass, is fulfilled: táinig tairngire Chiaráin, Arch. Hib. i 83 . táinic in tarrngairi áigh, | táilginn treabsat Cluain Cesáin, Acall. 499 . táinic in tairngiri doronadh dam, D IV 2, 44ra39 . See also under tairngire.

In certain cases do-icc is loosely employed to denote state, development, etc., almost in sense is, becomes, etc.: tig ag Bodhmainn dha bhiathadh he is with B. for his feeding, is fostered by B., Duan. F. i 33 . cionnas tig Eire gan Aodh? how does Ireland get on? Ériu viii 85 . bith a ḟis ag S. gurub maith tainig cruithneacht na mbráthar has thriven, grown, JRSAI ii 360 (1858-9) . bid dis deireoil thu . . . ┐ na tis tar triar chaidchi thou shalt never come past three (i.e. shalt never have more than three descendants living at a time), Lec. 126a18 . tic sin timchell cheithri mile . . . ponnta amounts to, Fl. Earls 178 . cuic seoit .i. da tecait dā ba which amount to two cows, Laws iv 148 Comm. See IGT Verbs § 7 .

Escapes, recovers (also with prep. AS, see (c) below): tinnes . . . ┐ ticc fa dheoigh, C IV 2, 11b4 . dogheibh cunntabhairt bháis ┐ tiuccfaidh, 23b6 .

ní ticc it is not possible: ó nach tig riar an dá rann | gan bheith diomdhach since I cannot agree to both sides, Content. ix 17 . eimealtus romor . . . innus nach ticeann turoisimh 'n-a laeighi do dhenamh so that the patient cannot remain lying down, 23 P 10, 3a49 .

With adj., etc., as pred. almost equivalent to subst. vb.: dotí mac fir in baile slán, ZCP ix 485 . is midlachda tánac, TBC-LL¹ 1279 . tig ót omna ḟaidchennaigh | an chomhla 'na codchannaib the door is shattered, IGT Decl. ex. 69 .

Various idioms: do-icc cride (for) relents, is moved (towards, by): tic craidhe in chléirig gan cheilg | gur réidig as [a] ardfheirg, SG 27 . tic croidhe ┐ inntinn an righ for ghnúis an mhacaoim, BNnÉ 183 . tainig cridhe Moeog fuirte . . . ní tainic cridhe an righ for Moeog, 187 . tanic a n-aicned co mor forro ┐ ba truag leo a toitim, TTebe 3125 . d.¤ i tir gets on, succeeds: mar thigid i dtír, Ó Bruad. ii 170 ; cf. Gadelica i 64 and see 1 tír.

(b) Commonly used in impers. pass. where agent is indefinite: ní tegar dom airfidedh none cometh to make music to me, BS 84 . mina thistar a nēllaib . . . dot indsaigid, nā (leg. ní?) ticfaider anair nā 'niar dot indsaigid, TBC-I¹ 2510 . co tistar ó Dia do nim | d'ordugud mo chuirp, SR 2055 . gidmait . . . co tístar óm Tigerna . . . do cosecradh mo thóedan, Moling 71 . décce dún ammag na tistar chucund cen aicsin lest anyone come to us unseen, RC ii 185 . cumad o Dia tista do breith na muici, ZCP xii 399 . muna thíosta dia ccobhair a ttraitte, AFM vi 1918 . ní tiocfuighthior chuige le holc he shall not be visited with evil, Proverbs xix 23 . ó rofitir M. co ticfaidthea ina degaid that he would be followed, SG 404 . ba maith inti cusa tancus annsin .i. Fiachra, RC xxiv 184 . tancas o Ḟind dom chungidsa, TBC-LL¹ 26 . tangas amach o mac A. da radha a message came out, Cog. 210 . tangus ó shíol M. ar cend R. . . . do thabairt righe dó, AFM iii 86 . tangus orrtha le pícibh they were attacked, Rel. Celt. ii 188 . do thángathas ar gach taoibh people came on every side, ITS i 28 . in túisig risi táncas in techt `the leader with whom the expedition had arrived', LL 221a23 ( TTr. 292 ). ragaid limsa mu drutha . . . ┐ in lín dancus lim uile, Lib. Flav. i 26va38 . dothæt in rigan . . . ┐ ba caem tancas andsin for cach mbuada 'twas a fair coming, Aen. 722 . nir thigthi dho anall he should not have to come, MS. Mat. 542 ( Lec. 167a ).

(c) Idiomatic uses with various prepp.

With AR

(i) speaks of, touches on, mentions (also with TAR, see below): ag so mar thig Policronicon ar an ní gcéadna, Keat. iii 25 . is é so an comhartha ar a dtig Eoin san seachtmhadh caibidil, Eochairsg. 39 . tancamar ar a lān do briathraibh CC. we have related, BCC 362 . ar an ttres n-athcuinghid tigther ann so, Ó Héodhusa 100 .

(ii) agrees on: in ní ar a táinic O Néill ┐ misi re céili, O'Gr. Cat. 57 . táinic ar a chomhadhaib uile dó agreed to all his terms, ML 146 . tángadar leath ar leath ar na cuir ┐ na slánaibh sin dh'á chéile, 8 . gach nidh ar a dtángadar na hAithreacha d'aonintinn, Eochairsg. 21 .

(iii) begins with (in gramm.): an focal tig ar fearn, IGT Introd. § 73 . .h. as lomadh don fhocal tig ar ghuthaidhe, § 18 .

(iv) falls on, devolves on, pertains to: ar teora ferba tic so applies to, Laws i 68 Comm. ni horum-sa ticc guide ar bur son, BCC 282 . ainm . . . nach tiu[c]fad acht ar drochduine would be applicable to, 53 . Cf. also: rochuala-som int éces oc gúmháidim ala n-aile [ṅ-airec] n-inganta amail bid hé bodessin ar dorissed (no ara tísead) (`of whom he spoke' O'Don.; to whom it pertained?), Corm. s.v. leithech (= arahíssed who invented it, YBL).

With ASS

(i) comes out, escapes: (impers.) bróga . . . ní thig asta, is ní chrapaid le láin-teas (i.e. they neither come off, being too loose, nor shrink), O'Rah. xviii 24 . gach ní as a dtigtir `from which an escape is got' (?), Content. xxii 4 . da dtí as . . . muna dtí as recovers , 23 K 42, 347.20 .

(ii) results from: as dá maidhm . . . tig an tír do thiormochadh, Content. vi 69 . da ticfadh as sin co scrisfaide na healadhna, Ir. Astr. Tr. 8 .

(iii) runs out, comes to an end: tánic in bliadain ass fói sin, SG 237 .

With DE

(i) comes, arises from, depends on, is consequent on, due to: ni maith na airm-se . . . ni thic mo dingbail-se di sodhain my equivalent comes not therefrom (i.e. `they are not worthy of me'?), TBC-LL¹ 1094 . isé rí na Temrach túaid, | isé in triath da tic al-les from whom her welfare depends, LL 306b19 . de thainig a thiughlaithi, MacCarthy 420 . tainig tairmesg na duaine desin, Laws v 230 Comm. na minpheacaidh . . .tig díobh na fíréin do bheith i dteine phurgadóra, Eochairsg. 117 . ni thicfa dím-sa . . . a ndul uaitsiu I will not be the cause of their going from you, FDG 612 . go mbudh de sin do thiocfadh na glais do sgaoileadh that would cause the fetters to burst asunder, Eochairsg. 113 . dothicfad dia n-imut nach biath anóir forro such would be their abundance that they would not be valued, Marco P. 105 . gémadh é a oidedh no thiacht de though his death should be the consequence, ZCP xiv 228.6 (leg. nothísad?). dusfainicc dia fertoibh ┐ mhirbuilibh go ttarla toirrches don mbanrigain, Fl. Earls 222 . tainic da righi nertmhar | táth Erenn re haon-shechtmhuin, ZCP xi 42 .

By extension, (ii) do-icc dím it comes from me, i.e. I am able (to): inund són ┐ daic dím which is as much as to say `I am able for it', CRR 44 . ni thic do neoch molad do denum dó, FA 1 (LB). atcualamar . . . co ticc dit remhaisneis cach neith ticfa isin domum, CCath. 4040 . ni thic d'innscne aentengad . . . túr na teist na tuaruscbail Domnaill, MR 182 . ni mō nosticc do Thuirnn a loscad inā loscad in mara T. can no more burn them than he could the sea, Aen. 2032 . rí nime naemhainglech dá tig gach ní who can do all (from whom all proceeds?), ZCP viii 203 . ni thicfa dibhsi anum do thabairt ina dáinib romarbsabar, RC xiv 36 . is iat-sin lānemain dia ticfa mo lesugud-sa, ZCP i 103 . diambad áil dait ticfad dít Ulaid do sídugud, MU² 169 . ni rabi 'sin domun . . . oenḟer da tisad diṅgbail Achil, LL 244a28 ( TTr. 2038 ). achd go dtí dhíom mo thuras . . . do choimhlíonadh, Acts xx 24 . acht co tisa[d] de iomus forasna ┐ dicetal, etc. provided he knew (could practise), Anecd. ii 76 . rogheall a chobhair dia ttíosadh de, AFM vi 2056 . dús an ttiseadh dhe a bfurtacht if he could help them, Hugh Roe 300 . ba derbh leo, dia ttiseadh da nach n-aon oile a bfoirithin . . . combadh dhe a aenar dusfiucfedh if anyone could help them, he and he only could, 278 . gi bec fogla do tigfad de ra Gallaib however little injury he might be able to inflict on the foreigners, Cog. 60 . do Dhia táinic a thoirmesg, BS 6 . is dod gaiscedh-sa tanic in sīdh ūd do dēnum, ZCP vi 49 . go dtiocfadh dhí féin . . . Curaoi do bheith i n-uathadh sluagh she herself would contrive that C. should have few warriors, Keat. ii 3495 .

Note also: tánic de coa mnaí fessin, LU 3267 ( SCC § 6 ). Cf. next par. section (iii).

With DO

(i) falls to, befalls , see above.

(ii) pertains to, applies to, suits: is deas thiocfadh culaidh den bfaision so duit, GJ iv 29 . as follus . . . go tainicc an briathar adubairt Pol . . . do C. C. applied to, BCC 424 . go dtáinic sé dom' aois leigean dom dhíth ceille it became my age to give free course to my folly, ITS xvii 220 . In impers. constr.: ? ma dic dula dam-sa if I can go, Ériu vii 222 . claon cum . . . siubhail for thalamh coimhightheach le dtiocfadh dhó níosa fearr where he will succeed better, Corp. Astron. 132 .

(iii) do-icc dom co . . . (impers., see Celtica ii 216 ) it is time for me to . . ., I arrive at, attain to: acht tised doib co oes ferdatad provided they reached manhood, TBC-I¹ 505 (LU). ó thánic dóibh co dérgud when it was time for them to go to bed, FB § 80 . co tainic co tabairt a n-airm doaib when they had all things ready for plying their arms, Laws i 250 . o thanic dó co dul dochum nime when his time came to go to heaven, Anecd. i 44 . o thánic doib cusin aidche Sathairn when the eve of Saturday arrived, Ériu ii 204 . ó thainigc cusna dédenchu dó-som when his end was at hand, BColm. 106 . o thainicc dhósomh gusna deighencha, Hugh Roe 262 .

With FO

(i) opposes, impugns (Laws): int ap tic fo coraib who impugns the contract, Laws i 52 Comm. ni theacait fo curudh, v 224 Comm. co ma fon uiliataid tista and `to the entire action objection could be made', 184 Comm.

(ii) do-icc fúm it occurs to me, I form the notion, project (of): tainic fai a breith ar eigin co minicc he often thought of carrying her off by force, Lib. Flav. i 33vb (cf. PH 832 ). cidh teichedh do thísadh fútha, CCath. 1745 .

With FRI

(i) comes against, withstands, opposes, injures: ní bía a nert ar nech fo nimh | óir ticc ríu nert Dé dhūiligh, BNnÉ 255 . ní thicfad ri forngaire ind ríg, LL 220a27 ( TTr. 222 ). dia tístais firu in domain frim-sa ní thicfad Congal, MR 12 . ni bāi do dūilib Dē dil | dūil nothissed fri ar menmain | . . . acht int angbaid Lucifur, SR 1510 . tiocfaidther ret' rath ┐ bid é torad do bhronn tiocfus riut, SG 395 . cret ticc ritt? what ails thee? TE 7 (Eg.). rofiarfaigh L. dhi cread tainic fría what had happened to her, Ériu v 80 . an trath teagar reisin ngaili o rotheasaid[e] when the stomach is affected through excessive heat, 23 P 10, 141vb22 . annamh tréan nach dteagthar ris, Dánta Gr. 53.2 . ar oman co tiucfaidhe frib ó Dia uel ó duine for fear you might meet with a reverse, O'Gr. Cat. 132 . tiocfa crochadh an Ríogh riú, A. Ó Dálaigh xlii 9 .

(ii) submits to, agrees to (with), freq. in Laws Comm.: in tan tic-sium re dliged submits to law, Laws iii 116 Comm. . tegaid ar aen re dliged comruic `appeal to the law of combat', v 150 Comm. . co tisat fri dlighedh, i 106 Comm. . cia notisad ria aithrigi, 10 Comm. . in ni nā tainic nō nā tudchad frí breithir nDe did not agree with, 38 Comm.

Later with RE (LE) concurs, agrees with, suits: tigim ris an reachd gur maith é I consent unto the law, Romans vii 16 . fá an ní ré dtig se which he alloweth, xiv 22 . tig Camden féin leis an bhfreagradh so, Keat. i 58 . gur beag d'úghdaraibh thig ré chéile ar chomháireamh na haimsire, 86 . mar nach tigid na príomhúghdair seo le n-a chéile, 88 . ní thangadar a bhfíadhnuisidhe le chéile, Mark xiv 56 . ge tic apium ┐ alues le cele da rēr a serui though parsley and aloes agree in pungency, Ir. Astr. Tr. 72 . ní thig an preabán núa-éuduigh leis an tsein-éudach, Luke v 36 . ní thuigim go dtiocfadh rum | ar mhaoidhis d'oideacht oram that the teaching you boasted of giving me would suit me, Content. ix 5 . tainic celmaine Brenainn leis an faistine, BNnÉ 291 . nach ticfidís naeimh eile Erend re cinel Conaill mar tainic se féin les, BCC 275 . tig siad go maith le bheith 'na mbráithre they make good friars, Corp. Astron. 66 .

With LA; late Mid.Ir. ticc limm I am able (to), succeed (in): da ticed let a chosc dīm, ZCP vi 100 . ní thicfadh linn a rímh, i 424 . ionnus go dtiocfadh linn bunadhas cinidh Scoit do lorgaireacht, Keat. i 224 . go dtáinic le mnaoi a mhealladh, Gadelica 241 . tigthear le sunnradh do bheith san iollradh it is possible for . . . to be . . ., IGT Introd. 7 . Common in Mod.Ir. Cf. further: gach a ffuarus d'olc leo | tiucfaidh liom géin bam beo `will come against me' (= t. frim? or `will remain with me' = I will not forget?), Duan. F. i 21 .

With ó

(i) comes (safe) from, escapes from: ní thainic aón duine . . . ona chomlann riamh no one ever came safe from combat with him, Ériu v 174 . uatha ní tigthear le tóir, O'Hara 2364 . na daoine do gheabaid bás ┐ na daoine thiocfus on esláinti, 24 P 3, 169.9 .

(ii) comes from, i.e. is stated by: amal tic o Beid i n-a stair as Bede states, YBL 166b1 . is ed tic ó Ísu sund, PH 7953 .

With TAR

(i) transgresses, violates: cipé tí dar recht na ríg, Metr. Dinds. iii 18 . cid bé rí tí tar an saoirese, BColm. 44 . ní meisi ticfa tairis (of a truce), Moling 64 . is túscu rofaemomaisne sin inás do tiocfámais tar in mbreithir doratsum re Poimp, CCath. 1682 . o thanuc-sa dar timna nDé, PH 4019 . táncadar thar decrachaib ┐ tara cointindib na hecailse, RC xvii 154 (Tig.). cach fír dar ná tecar slán that is not transgressed with safety, Metr. Dinds. iii 6 . tuc-somh ratha tar nach ticthe do na tréinferaib inviolable pledges, SG 356 .

(ii) overcomes, subdues: ní ardadh fris trén ar nách tísadh (darna tisad, v.l.) whom he did not overcome, CCath. 359 . ní tarla friu tren tar na tiostais, AFM vi 2280 . Caisel an urláir do dhénamh lá comharba C.C. . . . ┐ dobhert mallacht forsan tí no thiocfadh thairis `would come over it' (attack, destroy?), ii 1146 .

(iii) touches on, mentions, speaks of: tic Oengus issin broluch tar bás Donnchada, Fél. 8 . teagaid seacht n-airtegail díobh tar dhiadhacht airdríogh na ríogh deal with , Ó Héodhusa 8 . ní tháinig áon duine thairis ós áird spake openly of Him, John vii 13 . na luinge Saxanaighe sin tar a ttangamar thuas spoken of above, AFM vi 2096 ; 2046 . Oliuerus da[ra] ticer (tara tegur, v.l.) go minic agaibh-si of whom ye often speak, Fier. 27 . adubhrais . . . ag teacht duit tar Eoghan mhór, Content. iii 22 .

(d) With adverbs. do-icc istech (mod.): muna ttí an tairrngire asteagh don Domhnall so unless the prophecy comes home to (is verified in) this D., 3 C 13, 814.13 . fáisdine athar, más fíor | tiocfa asteagh d'oighre an airdríogh, 18 . tiocfaidh an aimsir isteach go maith the weather will turn out (?) all right, Corp. Astron. 58 . a ré go dtiocfadh is teach `till his own day would come', PBocht 50 § 35 . do-icc istech ar (i n-) comes in on, interferes with, assails: ceathrar do shliocht Éibhir | tig tar ghealladh ortha isteagh, Content. vi 88 . do bhi aon mharcach . . . ag techt astech do shíor ionnta who constantly attacked them, Rel. Celt. ii 198 . do-icc suas (le) comes up (with), overtakes (mod.): tángadar suas le cailín óg, GJ iv 94 .

III In Mid.Ir. occas. for do-beir gives (see Meyer, ZCP xii 426 ; Thurn. Hdb. xiv 421 ; IGT Verbs §§ 5 , 14 ): ticimm bulli de frissin comlaid I deal a blow with it, MacCongl. 87 . tic uball dó, 51 . tig a láim dar[a] agaid, 109 . ticc an clerech aithne fair, Cog. 92 . ? gabais Gabriel . . . co hogh-Muiri | tic sanais da Muiri, gabais 'na craidi, ACL iii 244 . tic D. a beannacht a n-ucht an duine, 321 . ferais fáilti re T. ┐ tic póc dó, Imr. Brain i 64 . gabus Eba int uball bán | tig a cert-leath dá compán, Ériu iv 114 . tiucub duib na tuaruscbail na tarbcodnach `I will give you the description', MR 184 . he dobēra commain dam, is me ficfas commain do I will give him the sacrament, Anecd. ii 30 .

IV In Mid.Ir. occas. = do-ucci understands, etc. (see do-beir): rofitamar-ni ┐ donigemm co ndernsam peccad frit-sa, LB 224a54 . gibe neach da ticfad co foirfi cercalla . . . na firmaminti, da thicfad (do tiugfed, v.l.) nādūir na firmaminti co huili, Ir. Astr. Tr. 76 . dogēn fidair . . . as a ticfither an t-eclipsis co follus, 94 .

vb. of doubtful origin and meaning. Some of the forms could be explained as based on s-subj. and fut. of at-reig or dringid.

(a) breaks, bursts (?): Intrans. dreisfid (.i. brisfid) in bith, bia for lassad, H 3.18, 564 . dresfid in dubthalam | fri dreich na damthenead, Lec. 346a1 = dréchtfaid, ZCP viii 212.1 . Trans. dresfid (dreffid, facs.) huimni ┐ fern | do taig indiu a Ruithchern oaks and alders will break (through) thy house (?), LL 275b11 (`will break for thee', Mór M. § 11 ). a barca 's a churaig croma | dreisfidid tonna tar lear will cleave the waves (?), Anecd. ii 8.8 . dia mba rothimm notdreisfider you will be crushed, Tec. Corm. § 29.17 . tucaib dornd dó . . . condreised in carpat so that the chariot was broken (?), TBC-I¹ 2861 (but perh. we should read condgēised, cf. co cclos . . . amail ro geis in carpat, St., TBC-LL¹ p. 629 n. 4 ).

(b) rises, starts up (?) with FRI against: ardrí Ulad . . . ris dresend cách claidebruad, TFerbe 770 . ba rí Ailill . . . resin dressed cath crodond cruaid, LL 7237 (leg. fris ndressed against whom would arise , Hail Brigit 23 ). (Cf. dringid?) immedon aidchi tic dám . . . suil dreised suas fír racloss | bái tricha gae i Fergos before F. could rise (?), SG ii 481.34 (perh. = atreised impf. subj. of at-reig).

n o, m. duail, Rawl. 165b6 . Most freq. as pred. with adjectival force. With DO that which belongs or is proper to an individual by nature or descent; kind, natural , P. O'C. Hence

(a) native, hereditary, esp. of place: cidh as duthaig duit? ar P. Righi Tuath mBreg . . . as d.¤ damh ar int óclach, Acall. 478 . ca crich is d.¤ dit?, TTebe 1821 . Glenn Da Ruadh | mochen gach fer dána d.¤ welcome to me are all who hail from it, IT ii2 128 . na Gaill ic tocht isin fargi, āit is d.¤ daib, Cog. 192 . d.¤ Éire dháibh is dhúinne, 3 C 12, 164.2 . co Síd Sinche . . . dáig ba d.¤ do dag-Mider, Metr. Dinds. iii 350 . gaibes seoit ar aigillecht ó flaith nach d.¤ do, fris nā raib aithair nā sen-aithair from one who is not his natural (hereditary) chieftain, Laws v 360 Comm.

(b) native, natural to, wonted (of instincts, qualities, etc.): nirbo d.¤ ┐ nir bo duthaig doib tār nā tarcaisin do gabail, Cog. 68 . d.¤ d'fhoithnibh fás le ferthoin, IGT Decl. ex. 800 . co mbert uan . . . nár ba d.¤ do deilb duini, SG 84 . scéimh ghlac-shoillse gér dh.¤ dí, | snuadh na hathtuirse uirthi though Nature had given her white-handed beauty, Keat. Poems 1135 . dang (leg. dan) d.¤ a duibe to whom his blackness is natural, ZCP viii 226 . an táin dár dh.¤ gach gruaim do scaradh rinn whose wont it was, Ó Bruad. ii 22 . an mhuinntior chrónánach | dár dh.¤ bheith dórdánach, Gadelica 138 . ua d.¤ am deigrith don fir sin ō māthair he had racing blood in him from his mother, TTebe 2432 . dual-ghnimartha duchusa hereditary characteristics, MR 116 . Of natural propriety or logical sequence: da cuirther desiul a timchell sluaigh Cineoil Conaill é . . . is d.¤ co ticfidis slān fa buaidh they are bound to return victorious, BCC § 178 . co mbiadh in chú ac ithe in gerrfiaid ┐ in gilla ac dul chum na mná. Bud d.¤ sin féin, ar T. that would be what might be expected, SG 286 . as é as d.¤ . . . file faobhrach ┐ rí maithmheach, IGT Decl. ex. 17 . Inherent or hereditary nature or characteristic: dedól .i. dā d.¤ .i. d.¤ do laithi ┐ d.¤ do aithchi, Corm. Y 426 (dé dhual, LB). a n-airm fri d.¤ a ndána, | bacc is túag is trom-ráma according to their hereditary calling, Metr. Dinds. iii 198 . Cf. also: aipgitir ab agitorio . . . is e sin amain in duol cōir (i.e. the right derivation, origin), Auraic. 2718 . cen daidbri ndúail `with no beggarly inheritance', Metr. Dinds. iii 16 .

(c) belonging to by right or descent, right, possession: d.¤ do Chormac caurata | in borr-shlatt, LL 191b47 . is d.¤ deit-si . . . m'fithchell `my draught-board is thine', Fianaig. 14 . in corp tláith-sea nach d.¤ damh which is not my own, ZCP viii 563 . is duitse is d.¤ an lá, is leat-sa fós an oidhche the day is Thine, Psalms lxxiv 16 . nocha pfuil uaibh . . . neach dan d.¤ righe Breatain (K. Arthur to his sons), ITS v 162 . na sluaigh dár dh.¤ Baile an Mhóta, Keat. Poems 232 . rogab Cathal . . . in rígi, dúthaich nár dúail which was not his by right (?), ZCP ix 464 ( Rawl. 165b6 ). tug gach críoch do gach cine dar dh.¤ í, Keat. iii 262 . conidh ra Laighnuib . . . d.¤ Ua nDegadh Ossairge the hereditary possessions of the Uí D. . . . belong to Leinster (?), Anecd. ii 36 . ? Dunchadh . . . is do d.¤ na ndegh-Degha, ib.

(d) that which is natural, hence meet, fitting, right (for): .i. dligheadh no dleisdionach no cóir, O'Cl. .i. dligheadh, P. O'C. d.¤ .i. maith ut est d.¤ dāl do brithemnaib nā do gentib gaibset, O'Dav. 728 . ní combaig retha is d.¤ a comlunn, Aen. 3171 . a loscad 'sa rigan reidh | coscar gér digal nar d.¤ , BB 56b5 . d.¤ na sccela do sccaoiledh it is right to spread, BNnÉ 213 . budh d.¤ briathra Dé do dhíleaghadh, TSh. 1584 . ní d.¤ gan é d'inneisin, O'Gr. Cat. 439 . is d.¤ dō robē d'eolus les inna tēchtai he ought to know, ZCP iii 450 . ét inna fīrinne, is d.¤ inromastar a tēchta, 451 .

(e) due, desert: dod mhíon-bhais 's dod ghruadh gheal | d.¤ gach díoghrais, A. Ó Dálaigh xi 10 . galar trom is teinneas síor, | dá ní as d.¤ d'fhear m'ainghníomh, xxxvii 8 . is díbh as d.¤ ifrionn lán 'tis they deserve hell, O'Gr. Cat. 611 .

(f) nature, destiny: is rēill dún ata ar nd.¤ fri mōr olc festa, MacCarthy 56 . ni fhuil mo d.¤-sa re a dul 'tis not my natural destiny to go (to a fertile plain), BS 116 . Perh. also: a frescisiu ┐ a nd.¤ tesaircne he who might be expected to save them, TTr.² 1674 .

(g) kind, species: cad iad dā dual ┐ tri duail . . . in Auraicepta? . . . Lānfogur ┐ dēfogur dā dual na nguta, etc., Auraic. 342 .

(h) just cause, reason, fit occasion: tatham d.¤ do bruc I have cause for grief, LL 147a23 ( PRIA xix 548 ) glossed adbhar bróin, O'Cl. duthracht co tidnocol | dā tecma a d.¤ should occasion arise , Lec. 346b2 . ata lind d.¤ bar n-ēccnaigh, Leb. Gab.(i) 46 . mór múich attú-sa anocht . . . a Dhé mhóir, ata a dh.¤ damh I am in sore heaviness tonight . . . I have reason for it, BS 118 . tuaircfid basa, biaid a d.¤ , BB 259a33 . ní fuil d.¤ a ṡéna de, Anecd. ii 36 . Patraic dorat grada for epscop B., conid úa do P. asin dúal sin so that for that reason [C.] is a grandson of Patrick's, Trip.² 1947 (heredity?). Cf. also: nāi mīli for Moig Elta | ann roslechta re sechtmain, | arsin a d.¤ fri deadail | rodussealaich sluag serich (destruction of Parrtholon's host), Lec. 563b37 = BB 36b24 . d.¤ cairdesa dō-sidhe fri muinntir in righ (grounds for friendship, i.e. he was on good terms with?), Anecd. ii 68 .

(i) The exact sense is not clear in: bretha mac do Faenius Farsaid, | ba d.¤ co brāth, Todd Nenn. 228 (it was meet? or he was his father's son?). mo daigfer in d.¤ díriuch | ní laimed sluag a sārgud, LL 194a7 . ni fuicfea in t-ēc d.¤ in ḟir | nac[h]ar ḟēt in n-uag d'ḟaicsin, ACL iii 239 § 25 ( hereditary dues, possessions (?), referred to 2 dúal, Aithd. D. 80 ). Eocho mac Echach a hAilinn | ba trebthach a ainim duail, LL 295b43 ( dual, SG 361.30 ).

v (from prototonic stem of at-reig (as-reig)). The conjugation is irreg.; pret. 3 s. éirgis ( PH . MacCongl. 47.13 . TD 20.34 ). -é(i)rig ( LL 265b24 , 296b42 , etc. TBC-LL¹ . PH . CCath. TSh. ) -é(i)rgesta(i)r ( TTebe 928 . 1950 . Ir. Monthly 1921, 27 § 16 ). pl. -é(i)rgiset, -éirgset, LL 299a48 . 301b44 . Metr. Dinds. iv 44.17 ). é(i)rgetar ( PH . TTebe ). -érigedar, -éricheadar ( TTebe ). fut. é(i)reóch- ( PH . CCath. Aen. TSh. ). eirgēb- ( YBL 173a28 = LL 149b37 ). éireb- ( Maund. 82 = éirég- ?). érech- ( LB 257b ). éirigf- ( PH ). As pres. ind. 3 s. conj. -éir is found ( Ir. Monthly 1919, 4 . TD 22a5 ), as well as -éirgenn. For the impv. éirig, freq. in sense go (e.g. TSh. 5048 ), cf. 1 téit (O. Ir. imp. eirg, M.Ir. airg). Impers. pres. ind. ni hergithar, LL 150a12 .

(a) rises, stands up: ergis suas, MacCongl. 59.6 . éirghid romham they rise before me (in respect) TD 25.17 . tusa atá at chodladh, éirigh = surge qui dormis TSh. 1697 . éireóchad ┐ rachad i ndáil mh' athar = surgam et ibo 8836 . Of rising from table: ó ól do éirigh, TD 29.38 ; 9.33 . Of recovery from illness: ésium ga leiges i Cruachain risin ré sin. acus in lá thancatar...is é sin lá ra érig sium, TBC-LL¹ 6141 . mur gabus eslainti duine... ┐ aithnid a caraid nách ereocha, Maund. 167.82 . da n-ergersa if I recover Fier. 63 . Springs up, appears: ro ergestar bolga for a gruaidib, Laws iv 16.16 Comm. bail a n-ereocha in muc sin romhut, Aen. 1807 . eirgebaid uilc woes shall arise YBL 173a28 = LL 149 b37 . co n-eirged a guairi... amal fhidbaid osa cind `his bristles rose' (of a boar) TTebe 869 . ra gabustar aduath...an gilla co ra ergestair a fholt, 928 . Of the sun rising: ro erig grian seach imellbord talman, TTebe 2195 . Of wind, storm: ro eiridh ainmḟine...a sruth Ismen, 3620 . ní éir gaoth nach gluais mh'intinn, Studies 1921, 75 .

(b) of resurrection: is ann ro erig a bás, LB 158a47 . erigfet-sa o marbu, PH 2278 . trias a n-érechat a talmain i lló bratha, LB 257b41 . Parrth. Anma 115.8 . Luc. Fid. 67.18 .

(c) arises, mounts upwards, ascends, soars: 's an Éirne dá n-éir ealta and the Erne from which bird-flocks arise GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 4 . cáit ar éirigh uaim d'eitill TD 39.13 . ar eitil ni éir (of a bird), Rel. Celt. ii 228.31 . Of liquids, etc.: sreabh nach éair tar fiodhruigh bhfeaoir TD ii 263.35 . go n-éirghe fuil ós na formnaibh, TD 16.67 . éireóchaidh bréantas as a gconablaighibh = ascendet fetor TSh. 1286 . TTebe 4852 . é.¤ tar rises over, crosses over: eirgid tairis aniar climb out over him (of a sleeping giant) Mer. Uil. 64 = BB 445b33 .

(d) grows up, matures: cech mét no erged ┐ no oirbredh (of an infant) BB 239b4 . gach duine eirghius gurub cum saethair tigid... ┐ gach lenamh teid d'éc co tét a Parthus, Maund. 263 .

(e) of noise, manifestations of passion, anger, grief, joy, etc.: ro ergestar...sestan ┐ seiseilbi, TTebe 1950 . go n-éireócha mh' ḟoltonus re maithibh ch. gC. that my resentment shall arise against TD 3.51 . cás fár éirigh eólchoire 20.37 . briocht díbhḟeirge 'na ghnúis... | gá cúis ór éirigh? 8.30 . ro erig menma in miled o'tchualaich na stuccu 'ca senm, TTebe 1425 . do eirigh meanma mhór a gclainn D. their spirits rose ML 8.28 . combáidh as a n-éir anbhuain, TD i p. lxxxiii n. 1 . Cf. olc báigh do éirigh orthaibh, TD 26.19 .

(f) rises in hostility, takes up arms, rebels; attacks: ergid co hoband dochum bar namad, TTebe 1120 . ro erich cach dib dochum a cheli, 2535 . ereochdaid let a n-aigid Tuirrn, Aen. 1899 . YBL 337 b25 = Celt. Rev. iv 12 - 15 . éireóchaid leis líon a dtionóil, TD 16.17 . suil fuair adhbhar far éirigh a reason for rebellion 18.2 ; 20.47 .

(g) starts up; arises and sets forth, proceeds: a hEmain éirgset na slúaig | dar Loch F., Metr. Dinds. iv 44.17 . ro erig F. ┐ a ḟiann...et rogabsat rompo, LL 296 b42 (RC xiii 44.14). 301b44 ( RC xiii 15.17 ). a Ḟ., inn érgi ri báig 296b30 ( RC xiii 44.12 ). eiridh do Teib ` arise and go to T.' TTebe 3558 . ra ergedar uili...co hArgas `set out for Argos' 1281 . ro ericheadar...do digail Menelipuis, TTebe 3346 . eirig romat co Teib, 4792 . éirghis roimhe ar raon madhma, A. Ó Dálaigh l 11 . eirig d'adlucud na nabach ` arise and come to bury' TTebe 4785 . na herig in turus teigi `do not begin the journey on which thou goest' 4173 . lá éigin dar éirghiosdar ar tulaigh, Ir. Monthly 1921, 27 . lá n-aon dar éirigh C. amach ar each do thaisteal an ḟuinn, Keat. ii 4700 . lá dar éirigh sé amach...do shiubhal, TSh. 5034 . do eiridh A. as an teint amach, Rel. Celt. ii 196.12 . eirgit d' faixin Chaisléin A., Fl. Earls 66.27 . eirghit go tegh oile, 70.14 ; 22.15 ; 36.6 . na heirgeadh uait E. `let not E. escape from thee' ML 94.3 . Imper. éirigh don mhainistir, TSh. 5048 . éirigh, umhluigh thú féin, Proverbs vi 3 . eirgit...a ttir a mbaili bheag `landed' Fl. Earls 92 y . Cf. do cuir...slegh tri...luirigh Sir G., ┐ ro eirigh an slegh as ┐ ni derna si dith dia curp rebounded (?) ZCP vi 29 y .

(h) with various prepp.

é.¤ a(s) abandons: intí eirges as a firt, O'Dav. 967 . Laws iv 126. Comm.

é.¤ de renounces, gives up, forsakes: éirigh do Mhuire renounce Mary A. Ó Dálaigh l 19 . éireóchad dí, Hackett xxvi 75 .

é.¤ do

(1) springs up at, attacks; meets ; dála na nGall...ro eirigh Ua F. ┐ Mac M. doibh, AFM iii 234.8 . do chuaidh tarsa...no gur heirgedh dhó ar tóchar an longpuirt `was not attacked until he had reached' 576.4 . go n-eireóighdís dhó `would rise against him' ML 66.10 .

(2) befalls, happens to: mar do éirigh don lóchrann how the torch had been affected Fl. Earls 34.25 . mar do éirigh doip a ttaep a riastala `how it happened they were arrested' 22.7 . gur eirigh buaidhirt ┐ aineolus fairrgi doibh, 24.24 .

é.¤ le (re) nech increases or thrives with, benefits one; one succeeds (in), prospers: an t-ionadh i n-éir le neach | a mhaoin do bheith ar biseach where one succeeds in increasing his wealth TD 22a5 . ní thainic aonmhac...as mó lér éirigh do ṡén serbhisi ina an Sir U. sin, AFM v 1736.2 . an dream ré n-éirgheann acfuinn ionnmhusa `to whom a quantity of wealth accrues' TSh. 9980 . do éirigh iomad áithis leis he had great success Keat. ii 2530.653 .

é.¤ eter (a quarrel) arises between: do eirigh aturra they came to blows Ériu iii 166 § 23 .

é.¤ fo overcomes (?): ná heirgheadh fúd muirn Mhuiris, GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 512 .

(i) transitive (?); cf. crēt ērgius Pichan? why does P. rise? MacCongl. 59.8 . But cf. cia ar rét, Ml. 48b2 .

n iā, f. (fáilid, faílid). The -ái- of the Glosses could stand for either form. The diphthong is common in Mid. Ir.: ind faelte , LU 11020 . fáelte, 3306 . do ḟáelti 312 . foilte, ZCP iii 28.2 ( Rawl. B 512 ). foilti, Lism. L. 408 . faeilti, 2578 . Acall. 6901 . foelti, LB 3b40 . With rime: faoilte (: sgaoilte), Tadhg Óg Ó Huiginn, Studies 1924, 87 . Cf. failti (: Cailti apparently = Caílti), Metr. Dinds. iv 318.15 ; -á- is evidently intended in: falti, LL 262a30 . fálti, SR 6943 . LB 188a12 . With rime: failti: slainte, SR 1489 . fálti (Fortu-nāti), Fél., June 11 . fáilte (: -páirte), PBocht 19.3 . fáilteadhaibh (: báintealaigh), TD 1.14 . Joy, happiness: gl. gaudium Wb. 14d12 . beatitudo 19d22 . cid failte adcotsa ┐ dungneu, Ml. 92a17 (for dogní fáilti cf. PH 1904 cited below. Its meaning here is not clear). hilaritas Ml. 133c6 . nícon robae ní form acht failte, 104d2 . is failtigiud in popuil immefolngi failte inna ríg (ref. to laetitia) 43c6 . ni far mbrónsi immafolngi fáilti domsa, Wb. 16b8 . fáilte cáich bad fáilte dúibsi (gl. gaudete cum gaudentibus) 5d24 . atbert ... fris co fháilti moir ..., PH 1177 . ind fáelti chomlan fil dóib i nDia, LU 2658 . otconnairc ... a céli ro chíset ar fálti, 1696 . Often used of spiritual joy and eternal bliss: Basilla ... brethae úainn hi fálti was borne from us into bliss Fél. June 11 . co taitned in failte nemda ... for a gnúis (= laetitiam vultu praeferens) Lat. Lives 100 . cusin fhailte fhorordai fil cen crich, PH 8071 . in fáilte fil dond ernastaid spirutalda ina mbanernastaid [leg. ina b.], 3986 . denaid suba ┐ failte ar na sruthib ... sa do beth ocaib, 1904 . rochí I. ar fálti wept for joy 1566 . ro lasat mōrghāir ... ar fhailti fheghtha for P. `for joy of looking on P.' Lism. L. 524 . cíis B. ar fhóilte [ = fhoílte], BNnÉ 52.11 . nderchoined ... i timnaib De, foilte ... i ngnimaib deabail, ZCP iii 28.2 . dorinne an bhean obair ḟaoilte `an act of thanksgiving' A. Ó Dálaigh xlix 18 . do chuir ḟáilte ar croidhthibh cáigh | toisg na nIarladh, Ir. Monthly 1926, 475 . Of expression of joy: is besad leusom innuall in failte ho lamaib (gl. manu plaudere) Ml. 67b19 . As quasi-vn.: rosgab for foelti PH 235 . pl. (in concrete sense): ona fáiltib corpda physical joys PH 3574 . a failtib pardus, 4952 . na failtedha móra bātar isna longphortaib rejoicings CCath. 3731 .

With FRI (AR CHENN, DO) `joy towards' i.e. on beholding, hence welcoming: for transition cf.: catte ... for failte si [sic leg.] frinn ollim nobis facta? where is the joy you once showed on seeing us? (gl. ubi est beatitudo vestra Galatians iv 15 ) Wb. 19d22 . f.¤ fri noíbu to welcome saints 7b2 . is dírim failte muintire nime ... frisin n-anmain, LU 2124 ( FA 19 ). atracht P. i n-agaid Hiruaith co fhalti fris, PH 845 . dutiagar leu du failti fris[i]n ríg, Ml. 116b5 . condaaérsat do failti archenn a rríg that they may arise in welcome 46a12 . cia luag nomtha ... ar failti duit im churp chain? for welcoming (admitting) thee SR 1167 . atconnairc C. ... ic faóilti fris, BColm. 70.1 . Hence

(a) a welcome, greeting: falti fir connaig ascid sin that is the welcome of one who seeks a boon LL 262a30 ( MU² 61 ). rofer slóg Iuda ... fáilti fri Dauid ... ba fálti fóil, nirbo thrén, failti slōig mac nIsrahel, SR 6942 . tairisi liom in failte sin, TBC-LL¹ 2201 . is tairissi lind ind ḟaeilti sin, Acall. 6903 . táinic ... co faeilti moir fri Finden, Lism. L. 2619 . don Roimh mar rangatar sin | dob í a ffáilte arna faicsin | cluicc an bhaile arna mbúain féin this was their welcome when seen BNnÉ 283.14 . i dtaoibh m'ḟáilte (thy) welcome of me A. Ó Dálaigh i 6 . amail fuair ... mogh De faeilti ocut as God's servant got a welcome from thee Lism. L. 2577 . dogébtha faeilte thou wouldst be welcomed Acall. 7622 . tathut fáelte thou art welcome LU 3306 ( SCC 10 ). epert frissom rondbiad f.¤ libsi, Wb. 16b19 . rotbia-su fáilte, IT i 120.28 ; 99.6 . rodbia in failti sunda againni, Aen. 365 . boithus failte they were welcomed LU 10580 . baíthi ind faelte chetna he got the same welcome 11020 . pl., greetings: le fáiltibh ... ón airdrígh, TD 8.12 . go bhfáilteadhaibh chóig gcóigeadh, 1.14 . le fáiltidhibh fill treacherous welcomes TSh. 2116 . do-beir faílti (do) welcomes: ní ḟil ... ríg na tibre falte dún, IT i 73.11 . tabair fáilte ┐ aigidecht don fhoirind PH 5849 . dorat C. foilti dhó, Lism. L. 408 . do-gní f.¤ (fri) id.: dogní failte friu, LL 112b8 = IT i 99.10 . dorine B. foilti friu, Lism. L. 1278 . ní faeilti dorone friss, BColm. 96.22 . feraid f.¤ (fri) id.: fertha faelte fri Mongan isin taig LU 11045 . ro fer [Achimilech] fáilti fri Duid, SR 6190 . is í seo falti ferastar fris: Mo chen bithchen do thíchtu ... LL 262a27 ( MU² 56 ). ferais F. fáelti s[a]inredaig fri C. LU 3779 ( SCC 35 ). ferait Ulaid ... failte móir fri Conall LL 113b10 (= ScM. 15 ). do fer fáilte o Sgathaich ┐ uaithe féin risan macaomh, RC xxix 122.24 . tanic ... d'ḟerthain ḟáilti ra Coin Culaind, LL 262a26 ( MU² 55 ). cuirid f.¤ (fri, ré n-) id.: ag cur failti fris, Aisl. Tond. 122.28 . do chuiredar fáilte roimhe, Mark ix 15 . pl. do chuir failtedha romhainn BNnÉ 49z .

(b) a salutation: Failte an Aingil the Angel's Salutation (i.e. the Ave Maria) Parrth. Anma 126 . ag clos chluig na fáilte aingleacdha, 15.10 . pl. iós ionmhuin libh ... fáilteagha [dhḟaghail] ar na márguidhibh, Luke xi 43 . fáiltighe, Matthew xxiii 7 .

n ā, f. By Zimmer ( ZDA 1891, 1 ff .) derived from ON fiandi `enemy' (see RC xii 295 ; 405 ); by D'A. de Jubainville, RC xxviii 249 , and Thurneysen, ZCP xv 262 , connected with the people-name Féni; by Loth, RC xiii 507 , with `fine.' Acc. to Meyer, Fianaig. vi ff . it is from an abstr. meaning ` driving, pursuing, hunting ,' which has in Irish taken a concrete meaning and denotes `a band of warriors on the warpath .' Compare the mediaeval etymologists: fianna a venatione .i. on tseilg dognidis isberthi fianna friu; no fianna .i. finedha, ar is ina finib ┐ ina n-aicmibh nobidis ... no fianna .i. feinnedha rígh Erenn iat, Cóir Anm. 222 . Connected by Wagner, Celtica xi 265 , to fén. The people-name Féni is sometimes liable to be confused with the gen. of fian from which it is not always clearly distinguishable, e.g. airiseom óc féne, LU 5089 . Cf. bearla na feinei `the fians Irish' Eg. Gl. 522 . Archaic n p. féna for Fid, The Patrician Texts in the Book of Armagh 176.1 , Peritia iii 316 .

(a) a band of roving men whose principal occupations were hunting and war, also a troop of professional fighting-men under a leader. In later application esp. the warrior-bands under Finn son of Cumall, who are described as constituting a military caste: is e ropa thaiseach teglaig ┐ ropa cheand deorad ┐ amhus ┐ cech ceithirne ar chena la Cormac Find mac Cumaill, conad friusin atberat in daescarsluag `fianna Find', YBL 325a10 ff . ro hindarbad Finn ... ┐ ro sgaraid na fiano fris. ar ba hiad-sein cetherna ┐ teglach in rig Cormaic. Is de ad-bertaei fíana friu, ar ba siad fenidi ┐ milid in ri īad, Tochm. Ailbe 1 . See Fianaig. ix ff ., Keat. ii p. 324 ff . Traditions of Finn and his fianna are abundant in Irish and Scottish folklore. In Keating's time cromlechs were called by the people leapthacha na Féine `the beds of the Fian'. In Metr. Dinds. iii 280.49 : bátar fo diamair ... ic fiannaib, ic fomurib (of the chief roads of Ireland), and Cog. 114.28 : i folach fo thalmain inā fá dhiamhraibh díchealta ag fianaibh no ag sithcuiraibh, the fíana appear as belonging to a remote past and coupled with semi-mythological beings. Cf. opening pp. of Acall., where Finn's fíana are pictured as giants of other days. fian .i. ceithearn, Stowe Gl. 406 . Lec. Gl. M 114 . cona fein húathmair (of David's followers) SR 6283 . cona féin, cona fairaind [ = foirind], 6356 . nech dabur feind ná dabur foirind, Acall. 5142 . for formnu féne Forainn (of Pharaoh's host) SR 3992 . iugulavit me fian maicc Maicc Con, Ardm. 14a2 ( Thes. ii 267.38 . Trip. 324 ). arna guin do fianaib Maic Con, Corm. Y 883 . Fiachra Fobrecc fein co ngairg `with a fierce band of warriors' Hail Brigit § 13 ( LL 49b45 ). Find cona fein, Corm. Y 1018 (feind, Bodl.). docer la féin Cind tíre; la féin Luagne aided Find, RC xxiii 310 § 29 . fianna Find ... brecctais rinne | ... fianna Fothaid Canainne, ZCP viii 119 § 35 ( Rawl. 88b ). Find mac Cumaill ... in cētFinn ro tinoil fiana ar tús i nErinn, LL 379a38 . eter ḟiannaib fer nAlban, 261b3 . fíanna fer nÉrend ┐ Alban, BDD 144 (of reavers). fianna Eirenn, Acall. 5284 . fianna feochra, TBC-LL¹ 5683 . comérgid ... a fianna; arise, warriors (leader addressing a band of reavers) BDD 141 . mesir fiana iarna ngaluibh estimate warriors by their fighting (or valor) Ériu xiii 41.33 ( O'Dav. 1037 ). as mo thigh ro gab [Oisin] feind ┐ foirind (= took command of a company, became leader of a `fían ') Acall. 2467 . Finn's followers as a military caste are distinguished from the agricultural class, the settled population: doronad crandchar idir in bhFéinn ┐ aes na treabaire cia dhíbh da roised tūs do thabairt an chatha dona hallmharchaib, Acall. 1290 (`between the Fianna and the settled [i.e. non-nomadic] folk lots were cast' SG ii 132 ). Buanand mumi na fian ... i. daghmathair ac foircetal gaiscid do fianuib, Corm. Y 104 . fiana bātar i nEmain, | ir-Rāith Chruachan, i Temair, RC xxiii 304 § 1 (beginning an account of the deaths of famous champions). Temair Berg, baile na fían, Ériu iv 92.2 . se fichet findscél na fiann, LL 145a49 . for ḟíana rochalma ḟer nÉorpa, TTr.² 1691 . fiana ferrdha ... Franc, CCath. 5363 . d'ḟianaibh Fódla, d'amhsain Ile, TD 16.55 . fian Ghréagach `the soldiery of Greece' (i.e. the Fitzgeralds) 17.10 . see fénnid and fíanas. Here possibly belongs óc féne one of a roving band, a `fian'-warrior (?): g p. airiseom óc féne a resting place of fian-warriors LU 5089 . n p. inn óic ḟéinne , TBC-LL¹ 4950 .

(b) in wider sense a company, number of persons: rioghraid Laighen ... f.¤ mholuim, LL 394.1 . deich mic oile anba an ḟian ib. 4 . rī tarcai cech fēin, SR 7163 . fian sceith (sciath v.l.) shield-bearers (?) Ériu vi 135.45 . foḟuair féin fessaig findgil | im Chessair ingin Betha, LL 5b5 . Of pieces in a game, chessmen: imat fian fidhcelda, Anecd. ii 58.13 (cf. fíanchlár below). mar ḟéin na mbranán TD ii 199.1 .

(c) a warrior (late and rare): righḟeinnidh, f.¤ `a General ' Kirk = Eg. Gl. 523 . sir Sémus ... an fiann, O'Gr. Cat. (1700) 584.28 .

In BColm. 94.8 : a fían a saert[h]a ar cach cath; Plummer suggests reading fiach = in payment of their exemption from military service, making the preceding sent. (ar is ... ann) parenthetical.

Compds. ¤bla: fri f. fechta ` warrior-shout of fighting' (? field of fight) Leb. Gab.(i) i 68 = fri fianna fecta, LL 6a6 = re fiannaib fearta, BB 24b46 . ¤both a hunting-bothy . a hut of branches or similar construction in a forest or wild spot, an improvised shelter: fogeib in fianboith ┐ in mac ina codlad innti, RC v 199.3 . rosfuc leis dochum na fianboithi, ib. 13 . d'iarraid ḟianbothe, RC vii 296.96 ( LL 206b49 ). dognitis fianbotha folachta foslongpuirt acci i ndairib, Cog. 60.10 . i ffianboith folachtae i ccuas cairrgi, AFM v 1794.1 . tógaibh fian-bhoith fíréandachta do chumhdach do choguais, TSh. 2304 . Cf. ro ghabhsat longport fairsing fianbhothaigh an encampment of huts (?) AFM vi 2168.11 . See 2 fulacht. ¤chara a comrade in arms; `a mutual friend, one who protects and is protected' O'Don. Suppl. , from Eg. 88 f. 54d ( O'Curry 2639 ) : dot fiancarait .i. fear snāidhes ┐ sṅāidithar fear aile i n adhaigh [ = ina aghaidh ?] ┐ amail carait claochmoig iat ó dénait comairce a céile (cf. compact between Cú Chulainn and Conall Cernach : ciped chia dib nomarbtha ar tús a digail dia cheiliu, LL 122a8 ). nimrumart-sa mo f. Cú Chulainn, LL 125b10 ( Ériu v 210.60 , where the speaker is a woman). ¤chlár a board for (chess-)men: mó a clārḟiacail ... anda f. fidchille, LL 210a56 ( Metr. Dinds. iv 138 ). ¤chluiche (para)military game ( Celtica viii 151 ): In Laws v 150.11 ff . a distinction is made between `fian-chluichi' and `ruidles-chluichi,' the latter being apparently games proper for children. nocha uil ruidhles cluithi do codhnacha ┐ nochan uil col cluithi do macaib bega. Ruidhles cluithi na mac mbec is fiancluithi do codhnacha ┐ f. c. na mac mbec is col cluithi do codhnacha, Eg. 88 f. 28c ( O'Curry 2368 ). slán d'fir in eich na huile neiche ... acht a riagail re fiancluichi in codnaig uil uirre, Laws iii 182.1 (on injuries caused by a steed). fiach fianchluichi a fine for f.c. 192 20 Comm . (referring to a dog-fight) ; 250.27 ; 252.4 (ref. to boating mishaps, where it is transld. `foul-play'). ¤choscur hunting-slaughter, killing game: a foraim, a fomsigi, a fíanchoscur (accomplishments of Cú Chulainn) LU 4847 . 8453 ( FB 30 ). tairnic leo a bhfiadach ┐ a bhfianchoscar do dhénam, Acall. 187 . selg ┐ ḟíanchosgur, Fianaig. 54.26 . ac seilg ┐ ac fianchoṡcur 56.24 . ag fiadach ┐ ag fianchosgur, ZCP vi 38.13 . comus ḟiadaig ┐ ḟiannchoscair Fiann Eirenn, Acall 5281 . ¤deisel ? fochloch f. (text doubtful) ZCP v 499 § 7 . ¤ēirghe rising of warriors to battle ; a raid: Anecd. ii 73.12 . ¤erred warlike accoutrements: LU 6384 = TBC-LL¹ 2525 . ¤flescach a hunting booth of osiers: na fianḟlescaig fo thuga `the roofed hunting-booths of osier' Metr. Dinds. iii 112.31 (= tech, Dinds. 29 ). ¤gaisced 'fian'-valor: a[c] congbail in ḟiangaiscid, Acall. 5208 . ¤gal : (as pred.) f. Find Find brave as warrior-bands Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 20.5 . As npr. m. Fianghal, Caithr. CC § 33 , § 41 ; g s. Fianghail, —uil, § 85 . Cf. nom. Fiangaile, Rawl. 160b40 . Fiangaile gen. 160b32 . ¤galach valiant: g p. m. fer ngablach fíangalach , BDD 32 . As npr. m. AU 737 . 754 . 799 . AFM 732 . 750 . gen. Fiangalaich, Rawl. 144c14 , 150a19 . ¤glas `fian'-bolt, a pole, pike or spear (?) : tucait fianglasa ┐ airechra ochta ... risin luingsin ica cur ó chrích ... na Greci, LL 219b28 ( TTr. 188 ). acc srainedh araill da naimtib uad ... do sonnaib ┐ d'fianglassaib sithremra cona n-irellaib iairn imma cennaib, CCath. 3591 . foscerditís d'a ḟianglasaib isna tendtib flung (the serpents) from their pike-staffs (?) Alex. 714 . ¤rí (?) : Ält. Ir. Dichtg. 28.10 . ¤sruth `f.¤ -stream', fian-lore (`Fiannica', Stern, ZCP i 471 ) : fianṡruth Find, Metr. Dinds. iii 20.1 = fianruth, LL 216a19 . See ZCP i 471 . fiandsroth fian Find u Baiscne, YBL 119a36 = fianruth fiand [sic] in so, 325a0 marg. (prefixed to a list of Finn's captains).

v O.Ir. forms: Pres. 1 s. forbiur, Sg. 173a1 . 3 s. forbeir, 32a1 . -forbair, O'Dav. 465 ( Ériu xii 200 ). 3 pl. formberat (rel.) Ml. 71c1 . forberat, SR 7275 . -foirpret Sg. 48b5 . impf. 1 s. formberinn, Ml. 88a10 . 3 s. forberad ib. forbered, LU 10641 . 3 pl. forbartais, SR 3680 . ipv. 2 s. forbeir, AM 2.12 . fut. 3 s. forbéra, LU 4257 . subj. pres. 3 s. forbre, Ériu iii 4.13 (`one would expect forroibrea,' Strachan ib. p. 5 n. f ). 3 pl. -foirbret, Ml. 27c6 . sec. fut. 3 pl. forbertais, SR 2807 pret. and perf. 3 s. forrubart, Ml. 33c10 : 64c7 . -forbart, SR 5721 may belong to another compd., see fúabair. fororbart LL 6b16 , Fél. Prol. 173 ( GOI § 529 ); ro forbart , LL 168b38 . 1 pl. forrubartmar, Ml. 102a1 . 3 pl. forrubartatar 101a10 . Pass. subj. pres. s. -forberther, Thes. ii 255.18 . Vn. forbart, q.v. In later Mid. Ir. treated as a weak simple vb., stem forb(a)r-, foirpr-.

(a) intrans. grows, increases (in size, quantity, number); in Glosses transl. Lat. crescere, adolescere, inolescere, exolere, pollucere: forbiur (gl. redoleo) Sg. 173a1 . O'Mulc. 637 (gl. glisco). amal formbeir et toirthigedar (fructificat et crescit) Wb. 26c3 . in silne nemda triasa forbair gort na n-irisech LB 257b40 ( Todd Lect. vi 25.9 ). forbrigh [ = -idh] an charrac conidh mor hí, RC x 88x (v.l. roforbuir). feoil lenam dobertha di co raforbreg [ = ro forbred] co prap, Anecd. i 18 . ro fhás ┐ ro fhorbuir in righan co ro aibeil, Études Celt. i 79.9 . ro fhás ┐ ro fhorbreastair an ingen, ZCP xiii 199.9 . darorbair for cnāmaibh ēisc, Lism. L. 3827 (cf. rofhorbair ... co mor, in corresp. text, BNnÉ 77 § 147 ). intan ro orbair ┐ ro eirig a haeis, BB 236a36 . meni thairsed a marbad forbértaís na nathracha sain (= arforbertais, Dinds. 13 ) would have grown so much LL 159b45 . cia forbrid cia sergait in loch, Todd Todd Nenn. 194 . ar na ro foirbre in peccad aitherrach isin indsi seo, Laws i 12.30 Comm. ro ḟoirbriter ... ┐ ro métaighset na teinnte, RC xxv 392 § 8 . With cogn. acc.: in flesc maet[h] ... is suail for-bera forbeirt will have small growth ZCP xiii 264z . Rises (in value, rank, etc.): ma ḟorbera folud a thighe, combifolud mboairech, Críth G. 81 . a sētaib ... forberat fene ... otha isel co huasal (i.e. increase in value of honour-price), Laws iv 354.18 . foirbeir saeiri breatheamain ... corigi biatad dā fear dēg, v 90.30 . Increases in number, multiplies: (dialt:) is fotha ndeich, ┐ is ass forberat co forcend mbrechta i mbiat ocht ndiailt, Corm. Y 447 . ... ilar luba ... forberat uili immalle, SR 7275 . forbrid ┐ imdaigid (= crescite et multiplicamini) Rawl. 70b2 . fororbart a clandside ... obatar i mmílib LL 6b16 . ro forbredar ┐ ro imdaigedur na fir sin i n-ilmilib, Ériu viii 8 § 9 . no tigdis sluaig nuadh cacha bliadna cucu, co ro forbarsead ┐ go ro linsat o Inis T. co C., Todd Todd Nenn. 88 = ro forbriset, BB 210a23 . ro forbretar ... cuirp ┐ cinn ... i mmedhon in armaigh, CCath. 6032 . cech tinne no traeta mó sa mó no forbritis taris (of Israelites in Egypt) LB 117a8 = ro oirbridis, BB 239a45 (= in met fordingtis ... | forbartais, SR 3680 ). Increases (in wealth), prospers: sergait maíne in meic moir ... forbrid ... in ósar co mba saidbre he nā a athair, LB 158b9 ( ZCP xvii 230 ). forbeir a bfágoibh dia éis what he leaves behind prospers ZCP vii 269 § 16 . Grows i.e. comes into being: ró ḟorbratar tri hubla ... for barr na habla, ACL iii 322.27 . can forbeir coimaithces? `whence does co-tenancy arise?' Laws iv 68.19 (with gl.: can asa foirbre ib. 22 ). Trans. increases, makes greater (?): forbeir a gail ┐ a slaine, Dinds. 109 (= foirb-, BB 406a34 , but Ed. has forbraid a ghal, which seems intrans., Folklore iv 490 ). acht mad Mac Con ┐ Cairpre | ni ḟuil ar na fairpre a ḟeirg (: leirg), LL 146b31 `on whom he will not increase his anger' PRIA 1893-6, 542 § 15 . 'against whom he does not prepare his angry attack' Ériu xx 195 § 15 . Perhaps this belongs to ar-beir `uses, practices,' but possibly feirg is used for nom. (see also Ériu xx 200 ); see follg.

(b) sometimes almost = subsists: combo de forberedsi di bolod ... na lubi, LU 10641 (= do forbredsi, Ériu xii 156.5 ). Cf. (f) below.

(c) in follg. exx. folld. by a prep. the meaning seems waxes strong, stout, insolent (against): forbrid ar cách tria lunni | forbrid ar cach n-óen do gnáth | in rí co cuir bróen ar cách, LU 9705 ( ZCP iii 216 ). co forbart Dauid ... co leomain na lonnbága prevailed over (?) SR 5721 (= attacked ? cf. do-fúapair, -fúabair, -fóbair).

In: forbeir for nem, SR 2731 , `for' represents the inf. pron., see 2 for II.

(d) trans. outgrows; surpasses, prevails over: forbéra a bráithriu, LU 4257 ( SG 83 ). fuacht nā forbir loscath cold which no flame overcomes ZCP xii 296 § 7 . Cf. forrubart gl. torsit ZCP vii 482.2 ( Enchir. Aug. 75a ). increases, augments, makes grow : fasaich, forbeir fír 'announce, increase truth', AM 2.12 .

(e) in follg. exx. seems used for fúabair, fóbair: forforbairt Indech a bandāil ┐ ni forfaem Dúirgin dó sought to make a tryst Dinds. 24 . cach aen beres cocair cert | fortbeir bendacht easpoc Earc 'bishop E. confers a blessing on him' RC xvii 126 (perh. corrupt; the varr. are: fortraibh, AFM 512 . fodreith, LB 23 marg. inf.).

(f) confused with ar-beir (biuth)? forberat isnaib muirib i tāt, cu tochratar a mbiasta ┐ a bledmila for tire dia sāsad, Ériu ii 130 § 98 (they subsist?). Cf. (b) above.

n u, o, m. g s. always -aid. gábhadh m. (g s. -aidh), IGT Decl. § 11 . d p. gáibthib, Wb. 15d28 . Hy. vi 26 . gabthib LU 9340 . a p. gaibthi (: tánti), LL 198a30 (= gáibthe: táinte, Metr. Dinds. iii 82.71 , v.l. gaibti, gaibte. Cf. gaibti pl. of gábait, TBC-LL¹ 1901 ?). gaibthe, PH 4861 . g p. gaibthi, ZCP v 524.23 . danger, peril, stress: in gáibthib (gl. in necessitatibus), Wb. 15d28 . nírbo diūir in gābud, Hy. v 31 . ar gūasacht, ar gābud, vi 24 . Cf. PH 4861 . ronn-ain ar cech ṅgábud, Fél. Oct. 29 . Hy. v 89 . TSh. 4100 . íar mórgábud, FA 22 . gan grāin rē ńgābhadh, ML² 1303 . gabuth ... vel gaboth .i. buith i ngaib, O'Mulc. 604 . (In H 3.18, 81c s.v. gabat, the three articles 603-5 in O'Mulc. appear as one, ending ... .i. bot ingaib gabar .i. a capra .) adfét dún ní dona morgabthib rogábi, LU 9340 . mór ngaibhthi (.i. baeghail nó gúasachta), ZCP v 524.23 = mórgaibthiu, Ériu xii 154 § 19 . ag faghail gháibhti, `encountering dangers,' Duan. F. i 64.34 . fuair mor do ... dochar ┐ do ghaibhthibh mora, TTebe 27 . ar guinib, ar gāithfib (= gáibthib), ZCP x 346 § 10 . a n-uighbheam ... do ghabhthaibh, TD 13.36 . fer fuair ... gáibhthe, AFM vi 2350.19 . a n-éc do gábud na gorta, from the stress of hunger, LB 155a38 . re gabad na gealtachta with the stress of frenzy, MR 232.9 . Cf. teidhm tinnesa ┐ gabhadh ger eassláinte, AFM vi 2234.8 . g s. as attrib.: ar gach dáil ghabhuidh, ZCP x 277.13 . ger bhert gábhaid, BNnÉ 241.5 . a aichre a mbern gāboidh, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, v 93 § 30 . gur gab grinni na slega greim gaba[i]d (sic leg.) i Conan, MR 264.25 . i ngurt ghabhaidh, TD 10.29 . ?Lám Gābuid (nickname of a man who had his hand cut off), ScM. § 10 . (But see gába.) Hence the feeling caused by danger, fear (?): san oidhce do éirghedh gan gabhadh, BNnÉ i 136 § 5 . stress of necessity: dia tecmai gabud i n-agui a n-eurca if need [for them] arise at the proper time of their payment (of the seven loans that incur honour-price if not returned at the specified time), Laws v 372.12 , 13 .

(lit. into the plain, GOI § 130 ). Also mach, Celtica iv 100 . adv. loc. and temp.

I

(a) Loc. out, outwards: lotar maic Uisnig i.¤ , IT i 73.6 . manbad a lúas tísa ammach, LU 3771. maidit immach dano assind liss, Sc.M² § 18. tócabair immach, TBFr. 265. bérthair dam ┐ tindi dí ammach, BDD² 570. ra érig Laeg remi immach, MU² 222. atraig Laban ... | 'mach ar cenn meic a shethar, SR 2950. ocus doridnacht do immach | claideb Golai gér golach, 6191 . an immaig ┐ cogarar duit imach, Lat. Lives 6.2 . beiridh in fechem toicheda a gell ina láim amach re ré n-anta, Laws i 208.27 . lingthi immach do-beir do ammaig imm ┐ arbor, LL 286b30 . a hindarba a Tír Tairngire amach, Ériu iii 152.2 . teit si a haenur ambach, RC vi 174.z . do tilg amach fon muir iatt, Stair Erc. 2578. dobean a soighed-bholc amach `she plucked away his quiver,' TTebe 3759 . roimpatar-sum ammach dochum in rig, 750 . adc[h]onairc oilén uada imach, CCellaig 260.

With vb. of motion, or analogous vb., not expressed : ara choímtheacht a taig immach to accompany him in going out of the house, Críth G. 585. mad do [t]argaidhsimh fein a lan amach `if he himself has offered to pay the full amount out,' Laws iv 256.16 . nír faei i tig as mbi eggna suillsi tenead immach, BDD² 175. a di láim tri derca ṡedluch a llenith immach, IT i 119.24 . mar lān mara a-mach 's a-muig, ACL iii 240 § 36. lesc le fer a mallbō amach | isin tsamlō geal grianach, 244 § 5. trí caogad curadh ... amach ┐ asteach `(going) out and (coming) in,' RC xxix 118 § 17. rogeall in ben an gai amach `the woman promised (to send out the spear),' v 203 § 26 . co letrad feóil ┐ lethar o'n chnáim immach, PH 7213. feadh amhairc ón mhúr amach, TD 8 § 9.

Afar, abroad: Cluain Cesáin ro clos amach `as Cluain Chesáin it was heard of afar,' SG 105.1 . bantrocht nach bec mess immach `womankind not small in esteem abroad,' Metr. Dinds. iii 14.175 .

do-beir ... immach dispenses: in taenmacc rig ... is mō fuair ┐ tuc amach, ZCP viii 111.13 .

? fo-ceird i.¤ loses ? : rotchúalasa ... ind ingen rod[a]láa immach oco íarmóracht, TBFr. 332 (but cf. roda lláus immudu, ib. 168 ).

léicid i.¤ releases, lets loose: in bantrocht da lecud immach do ṡaigid in meic, TBC-LL¹ 1357. lec Barabás dún amach ┐ crochthar Ísu, PH 2814. do leicc se Prim ... ro bui a ndaeirsi ac Ercuil amach, Stair Erc. 750. leigid bur cruidh ┐ bur cethra amach, 1946 .

téit tar ... i.¤ goes beyond, transgresses: mar dochuaidh Luxcifer tar recht amach, RC xxiv 372.9 .

(b) Temp. esp. in phrase ó ṡin immach from that time forwards, henceforth: ba cara do Patraic he o sein immach, Thes. ii 307.8 (Hy. II pref. ). tesbuidh a leth eineclund fri cach itir on tres fecht amach, Laws i 56.8 . co nach íbad fín o uair na fledi-se immach, PH 5236. a tuarascbáil do thabhairt ó sin immach, MU² 786. ōn aimsir sin amach, Fl. Earls 176.25 . ō aimsir mac Mīled mach, Corp. Gen. 100 (Rawl. 128 b 24) . Used absolutely : dílsi dó cnocc Búi amach | ó Búa ingin Rúadrach its more proper style is henceforth Cnocc Bui from Bua, Metr. Dinds. iii 40.11 .

Of passing or spending time, out, away: with vb. : ar gcaitheamh na bliadhna amach, Keat. iii 1913. Vb. not expressed : nói ṁ-bliadhna d'a smacht immach | coromarb Fachtna Fathach, Todd Lect. iii 194.12 . vii ṁbliadna fa míad immach | ba rí Níall fianna Frassach, LL 130a22 .

II Fig.

(a) Esp. in phrase ó ṡin immach besides, exclusive of, as well, moreover: a comcetfaidib flatha .i. Laegairi ocus Corc ocus Daire .i. fer n-Erenn o sin amach `of the men of Ireland besides them,' Laws i 208.13 Comm. dogabhattar caora dona caorchaibh ... ┐ mar docenglatar hi, do lensat na caoirigh o sin amach ceterae oves, BNnÉ 56 § 63. co ffuil sochar mor accam gacha domhnaigh ... ┐ annsa feiltibh Muire uile ┐ gach uile lá ele o sin amach crochtar ┐ piantar me every other day excepting those, 67 § 102. dob anshocair ard a bhrúaich ┐ doba becc cruinn an t-oilén féin ó sin amach, 68 § 108. más ┐ nutmic ┐ cach uile spísrad ó ṡin amach, Maund. § 159. Cáilte is Oisín amach | maraen téigdís gach n-aenach Caoilte and Oissin excepted, SG 100.24 . coná baoí enní isin tír o ghlas geata ... amach nach baoí for a chumas, AFM vi 2006.4 . go bhfuil an uile, uatha féin amach, ar seachrán `except themselves,' Desid. 4055. ó bhailtibh móra amach `the big towns excepted,' Keat. i 60.20 .

(b) With vbs. of speaking, openly, straight out: adubairt hIrúath amach `Herod spoke out,' Ériu iv 178.19 . an[n]sein rocuingid amach `then it was asked openly,' 180 § 35 .

(c) As emphasising adv. : éirigh is mill in mnāi amach ` arise and utterly ruin the woman,' Ériu iv 178 § 25. ata drem nach sithach dib | ... | is mo da milled amach | inas cis na Fomorach `who do more for its utter ruin,' Ériu viii 4.17 . díth na bfian fa mór amach, SG 92.2 . cath do chaoíneadar mna amach `a battle mourned to the full (?),' Duan. F. ii xlvii § 6 . fuair deilb col-lí molta immach `she took on a radiant form beyond praise,' Metr. Dinds. iv 140.111 . is é sin cēt cath amach | Iudadh agus Cristaigech the very first conflict, ZCP viii 115 § 18.

n n p. `mishaps' ?: batar cuissi imdha ┐ adhbair or' cennaighthi iomordaigh in catha cathordha d'érghi isin Roim `there were many causes and reasons why the mishaps of civil war were fated to arise in Rome,' CCath. 235. `iomordadh reproach ,' O'R.