prep. with dat., geminating out of, from . In O.Ir. glosses frequ. á (see Celtica ii 239 - 40 ). See GOI § 834 . The usual form before nouns is a: a corin[tib], Wb. 7c18 . a ppecad, 3b3 . a persin, 4c23 . a rrath, 12a7 . a rrangabáil, Sg. 196b5 . a llatin, Ml. 3a15 . a mmedón, Tur. 72 . á óensonaib, Wb. 12a10 . In later lang. also as(s): as talomh, Fl. Earls 112.29 . as Éirinn, Rel. Celt. ii 182.13 (see Desid. xxxiv ). Before proclitics as(s). With article: assin folud, Wb. 9c10 . asind óinrainn, Sg. 197a17 . as tír, BDD² 435 . as tig, 544 . Note also: as cech ṡét, Thes. ii 320.3 .

With poss. adj. 1 s. as mo chuimriug, Wb. 23b7 . 2 s. as do, Sc.M² 11 . ast, 12 . 3 s. assa, Wb. 2c7 . 20d13 . asa, 25d16 . 1 pl. asar, Wb. 15c24 . 2 pl. as for, LU 8551 (H) ( FB 41 ). 3 pl. assa, MU² 276 . asa, 390 .

With suffixed pron. 1 s. asum, ZCP vi 285.8 . 2 s. essiut, RC xiv 188.z . 3 s. m. and n. ass, Wb. 29b15 . as, Ml. 36c20 . es, RC xxv 346 § 2 . 3 s. f. essi, Ml. 85c14 . esse, 113d2 , 131c14 . eissi, Sg. 196b2 . esti, PH 197 . eisti, BDD² 1405 . este, ZCP vi 81.4 . aiste, TSh. 4477 . 3 pl. essib, Wb. 12a10 , b23 . Ml. 87b18 . eissib, Sg. 190a1 . esib, 51b11 . estib, PH 2878 . eistib, ML² 1478 . asta, TSh. 2791 .

With rel. as(s)a n-: asatoróimed, Wb. 11a19 . See GOI § 834 , IGT Introd. § 100 (25.12) .

I Expressing motion, out of, from: oc techiud a rroí, Críth G. 539 . co rróimid topar husci ass, Trip.² 93 . fuil totmad (leg. totma(e)?) a crann a wound sustained in falling from a tree, Laws v 362.z . in ti bis for imrama a inad d'inad from place to place, Laws iv 36.12 Comm. coillti an talman do thuitim as a premaibh will be uprooted, RC xxviii 312 § 9 . luid fer a cath, BColm. 94.15 . facbuid-si asin tir-si leave this land, RC xiv 56 § 69 . na fuirighedh a Temraig ach imthiged asti co hobann, Ériu iii 170 § 29 . co cuala géim bó ic tiachtain al-loch Ṡithgail `out of Loch S.', Dinds. 155 ( RC xvi 270 ). rosái assen dia thigh, RC xviii 184.28 . atracht focétóir in marb a bás, RC ii 390 z . no ássad bolgg corcra assa etun a purple blister would grow out of his forehead, Ériu iv 32.3 . With impers. vb. ní thig asta `they do not shrink' (of shoes), O'Rah. xviii 24 . Without accompanying verb: do rigne Dia firt . . . .i. in topur husci asin talmain, Trip.² 96 . cúiseach bind asa bēalaibh sweet piping from her lips, Ériu iv 174. § 8 . asa tuaisciurt inda deiscert `(to go) from the North (of it) to the south (of it)', Mon. Tall. 133. 22 (§ 17) . do chuir se iarraidh ar thigerna A. . . . as Eirinn chuige `sent to the laird of A. to come to him from Ireland', Rel. Celt. ii 182.13 .

In complement of object of transitive verbs: with various transitive verbs (see also under several vbs.): tóbe uitiorum assa anmin `the cutting of vice out of his soul', Wb. 2c7 . aní asatorbatha `that out of which they have been cut', 5b39 . . . . benus do ṡūil as do chinn, ACL iii 308, z . ni béram ass gl. nec aufferre quid possimus ( 1 Timothy vi 7 ), Wb. 29b15 . dobert . . . dí báe déc . . . assint shíd, TBFr. 6 . an ghairbhiachtach . . . chuirid asta which they emit, TSh. 6705 . tarslaic Petrum a slabreid released Thes. ii 304.1 (Hy. i). is as do leigi iat (of shots), as a ninat . . ., Laws iv 226.17 . atdobrarbadse a tír Hérenn you have been banished from Ireland, BDD² 416 . ar ndichur a nGall esib, Ann. Conn. 1338.4 . hoc a tafonn (ac a cur v.l.) asa gort driving it out of his field, ACL iii 2.8 . gabais . . . daur . . . assa frēnaib, Sc.M² 18 . dasrenga ais `drew it out', Mon. Tall. 150.29 (§ 61). is cían rosraeined amach / Iudaich a crīch Rōmānach, ZCP viii 115.17 . dá sraoilleadh . . . as a chéile, TSh. 5696 . di loscud a thige . . . di gait as—a leth di gait ind for stealing from it . . . for bringing stolen property into it, Críth G. 123 . tonindnaig . . . leithi in chon dó assa laim chlí gives him . . . with her left hand, RC iii 177.5 . adetha C. assa láim, 6 . do urail S. a cengal as scotaib ceathra sdet `ordered him to be bound to the tails of 4 steeds', ITS xix 100.7 . gairfidh Íosa uair nó dó / as an talmhain a dteasdó, Dán Dé xiv 9 .

Common in 3 s. n. as adv. with verbs of going, etc. tíagait ass na teachta-sin depart, Sc.M² 4 R . documlát ass do Chrúachnaib, TBFr. 42 . amal ossa is amlaid rorathatar ass they ran like deer, Ériu iii 141.208 . imsái as in mac the boy turns away, Ériu i 116 § 5 . Hence with verbs of going, etc. escapes: 'san domnach dodechaid ass / a broinn in bledhmil Ionas, Ériu iii 144 § 14 . bualadh Tairrdelbaig . . . acht cena terno som ass, RC xviii 35.27 . ní dechaidh as gan gabāil nō gan marbadh acht Sir Gyi . . ., ZCP vi 72.12 . creid nách fhuil dul as ar domhan agad ót olc shíordhuidhe, Mac Aingil 1857 . Related meanings. Dies, comes to an end: dia ndech nech dībh as `departs' (this life), Marco P. 140 . din ló dochúaid Cerball ass, RC xx. 12 § 20 . ni ragha in la-su ass `this day will not go by', CCath. 3573 . na heirig ass co madain / do deacraib rig in richid (sic leg., ed.) do not cease till morning from (recounting) the wonders of the king of heaven, Ériu v 26.22 . co n-erlai [int archaingel] a rrecht ind ríg `forsook the law', Ériu ii 108 § 22 . With other verbs in idiomatic phrases: not-ber as dom' inchaib get thee out of my sight, ZCP i 105.1 . beir as tú `escape' Keat. iii 3246 . tucsat as in oidhchi-sin co himsnímach spent that night, Fianaig. 52.17 . a bheatha do thabhairt as go measardha to lead a life of moderation, TSh. 268 . ruccsatt ass amhlaidh sin ifoimhdin aroile they continued, Hugh Roe 288.17 (fo. 76a) . ni rug og na sen a comfad-so as damh riam gan toitim lium `held out against me', ZCP vi 101.7 . cuir ass na dorchu tuccais expel the darkness thou hast brought, Anecd. iii 35.17 . ata si arna cur as anois `it is now destroyed' (of a city), Maund. 43 . a lecan as, he was set free, RC xviii 283.15 . leicem as ar n-imram let us give up, RC xxvi. 136 § 9 . leig as 'athair cease, father, Ériu iv. 51 § 7 . do lēic ech in rīgh ar a glūinibh hī . . . ┐ nīr fēdadh as hī she could not be got out of that position, ZCP xiii 182.31 . Without accompanying vb. (freq. as ipv.) ass, a duine, ar éat `get out, O man!' (be off), Fél. 184.6 . as tír duit get thee out of the land, RC xxv 24.6 . as as bhar Fraoch get hence, get hence, said F. ML 124.13 . asa sin doibh, Rel. Celt. ii 178.3 . aisidhe dhó co Tulaig na C. thence he went, ZCP xiv 259.8 . In phrase: ní has dó there is no escape for him, he has no chance of escape (see O'Rahilly, Celtica i 348 ): ma commhor th'eucht led bhriathruibh, ni has dhamhsa if your deeds are on a par with your words there is no escape for me, Luc. Fid. 344.12 . ni has dh'aoinneach aguibh there is no escape for any of you, 284.15 . nach bu has dh'iachtaranuibh no dh'uachtaranuibh, 260.22 . ní has d'Éirinn eatorra between them Ireland has no escape, DDána 92.7 . In phr. as ┐ ind: do ḟeitheam a long . . . as ┐ ind `to watch his vessels (going) out and (coming) in', Dinds. 135 ( RC xvi 142.6 ). cloictheach . . . ┐ eoin duba . . . ind ┐ as `passing into and out of it', RC xvii 394.y .

II Expressing origin, source.

(a) from, originating in: a grec anísiu `from the Greek' Sg. 148b14 . assin tein atgládastar `out of the fire he addressed him', Thes. ii 318.4 (Hy. ii). ba hingnád aisec asind inut sin (.i. a détaib in chon allaid), Trip.² 148 . in port asa n-accai Patraic inna naimtiu, 1500 . bá foderc dó . . . assa imduí, LU 8219 ( FB § 16 ). nír faei i tig as mbi eggna suillsi tenead, BDD² 175 . is hí ro hic súil ind ríg / a topor Locha Dá líg, IT i 131.29 . is a Hérind anair, MU² 513 . secht mile as so `seven miles from here', ZCP vi 295.7 . co fesamar can as tucad till we know whence it was brought, Ériu i 46.10 . ni fes can as tánic `whence it came', RC xviii 302.7 . a tírib hIndía do, PH 820 . niamh ḟíona a hór (drunk) from a gold goblet, DDána 119.25 . from (of a number out of a group): mart as gach creich, muc as gach crú, caora as gach trét, BNnÉ 265 § 230 . sé ar fichit a Huib Neill `six and twenty of the Húi Néill', RC xxiv 202. 14 . Of the ground of proof from: is follus as for ng[n]imaib ni dligthi comardad fris etir, LU 8551 ( FB 41 ). follus asna scélaib-so Colmáin it is clear from these stories about Colman, BColm. 102, 12 . is esti demniges, PH 2185 . créad is iontuigthe as sin, TSh. 161 .

With various vbs.: nī contesba banne ass `not a drop was wanting therefrom', Thes. ii 348.3 (Hy. v). a tír asa tairidnither `from the land out of which (the water) is drawn', Ériu xvii 68 § 8 . cid asa fordailtea grád túa[i]the? what is the basis of the different grades of the `túath'? Críth G. 6 . rí rodelb eisse cach ṅduil, SR 25 . asnabbrad hi sennathib `whence it was said', Fianaig. 30.13 . rofiarfaigh dib crēd asa fuaradar an cís aingid sin, RC x 185.y . gach ainm eile . . . nach sloinntear as tarbh, Maguires of F. 45 .

(b) Hence introducing the instrument or cause of an action, etc. by, with, because or by reason of: a faill do denam for being neglectful, Laws iv 50.10 . ro bendach Pátraic asa díb lámaib in Machai with his hands, Trip.² 2799 . asa réir budesin of his own accord, Ériu i 219 § 7 . as mothoil féin `of my own will', RC xiii 272.6 . nach maith dogni duine asa chorp isin domun any good thing a man does with his body, Ériu vii 172.y . Cluain maic Nois d'argain . . . a comairle Muirchertaig, on M.'s advice, RC xviii 30.25 . is a radurc atconnairc Ith . . . Slébe Irruis deiscirt, Ériu iv 142.16 . roslen Nél assa lurg, by means of his track, Metr. Dinds. iii 404.13 . cia mod as a mbrisend recht in what way, PH 2588 . do-rinne an tshoil cumhachda gáoidhilgi ortha as ar cóir do chomhardadh íad by reason of which, IGT Introd. 11.16 . lot mh'anma a silleadh na súl / do rinneadh, Dán Dé ix 4 . a caingean Dé do diúltadh, IGT Decl. ex. 1355 . mellaid mōr duini asa dath / gid buidi in t-ōr is otrach, ACL iii 238 § 16 . Note also: ragat gussin Rōimh as go ffuilēngat croch ┐ cēssadh, Fl. Earls 206.25 ; whereby they will suffer Celtica ix 117-18 . Cf. 8.18 , 170.8 . With créd: créd dorinne sí asa rabhus di marsin what she had done that they were treating her thus, Ériu v 168.82 . créad as nach adhradh . . . na dée mar chách why, Keat. ii 5393 . With adv. as: is as tugadh Nár air this is why he was called N., 3645 .

(c) Introducing the name of a language: ainm an inaidh sin . . . a Gaeidheilcc in Irish, Maund. 57 . laphruiss . . . assin bérla glan ghrécach in the pure Grecian tongue, Anecd. i 34.70 . berla na filed asa n-acaillit cach dib aroile wherein they all address each other, Auraic. 200 .

III Miscellaneous uses.

(a) In sense of attached to, compos- ed of, in etc. : amal bīs tuir már oc fulang tige ┐ illāma esti, Corm. Y 1224 . ro-lēcis gaī form-sa co-rrabae as mo scíath `so that it stuck in my shield', Sc.M² 11 . cipe [no beth] démnach asa mér no asa brága whoever was possessed by a demon in his finger or in his throat, RC ii 400 § 40 . a edach delradach . . . imi, as a ndenad idbarta do Baich `in which he was wont to offer sacrifices', TTebe 2842 . gu bhfaiceabh asin coluinn-si Dia, ITS xix 92.6 . Cf. rí sithamail asa flaithes in respect of, Rawl. B 512 fo. 69d .

(b) After vbs. expressing recognition, etc. : atgénammár asa samail in fer sin, LU 6805 ( FB 46 ). cinnas do aith[g]ēnmais in degmnái . . . asa deilb ┐ asa costud, a tlás, a fos, a féile, ZCP viii 112.22 . misi do aimsigh Eabha / as a basuibh bairrgheala / 's as a derc ramhoill raglais, Ériu iv. 112.26 - 27 . ad-mestar asa toirthib talmain, ZCP xi 94 § 33 . ? a samlaib én n-etarlúamain, LU 8628 ( FB 47 ) (rhet.).

(c) After vbs. of bathing, washing: do-dheochaid co mbricht neimhe lé do Frāech corusfothraic ás . . . a arma he bathed his weapons in it, ZCP xiii 175.6 . doluid Cuchulaind dia bualad asna huscibsin, TBC-I¹ 2742 . nocho raibi husce ocai asa ndénad in bathis, Trip.² 91 . ro tinsain usce . . . conid as ronig a derc with it he washed his eye, Dinds. 64 ( RC xv 462 ). usce asa negar Grip, ZCP iii 214.14 . roghonais mo dhalta / rodergais as t'fhogha thou hast reddened thy spear in his blood, BS 12.14 .

(d) After vbs. of paying, exchanging, etc. dobertha a chutroma d'or ┐ d'argat ass, Hugh Roe 220.3 (fo. 58b) . diass as in cethramuin ┐ da bho as an bfer nach fuighthi dibh .i. bó as in duine ┐ bo as in éidegh, L. Chl. S. 31 . tainic Ciaran dá fhuascladh, ┐ tucc moran oir ┐ argait ass in return for him, BNnÉ 117.27 . dober braighi maith duit asum fein `I will bring thee a good hostage for myself', ZCP vi 70.15 . dlighe do dhíol as, TSh. 10084 .

(e) After words expressing hope, trust, doubt etc. : go ndearna dall / dóigh as an té do thoghsam, Dán Dé iv 26 . as do thrócuire atá ar ndóchas, xix 21 . thairisi asa deghgnimradhaibh féin, CCath. 330 . an neimhiocht gnáthach do bhí aige as féin `it was sad that his brother always had a suspicion of him', his usual mistrust for him, Keat. ii 2504 . bith cunntaphuirt agut asi[n] nduine aithenus tu `be on your guard against', Ériu v 136 § 93 . etir cin co fiss / no co n-anfiss ass, ACL iii.222.30 .

(f) After vbs. of boasting, etc. : dia maide as a shúalchib, PH 4855 . itā mo chorp 'na c[h]amra / cid uaibrech as m'urlabra, ACL iii 239 § 34 . rom-moltar ar cech feib as mo ghail, ZCP v 503.24 . créad as a ndéine díomus, TSh. 633 .

IV In later lang. also of time from, since: ní nach dearnadh as mo nua ná as mo naoidheantacht ariamh riom, ML 100.14 . fer na dechaid asa naindin riam gan cenn Connachtaig lais `from his childhood', ZCP i 103.1 . asa naidendacht `from his infancy', RC ii 386 § 9 . sé is (leg. as) th'óige ort / [is] móide ar an ḟolt mh'fiafraighidh that thou hast it since thy youth increases my wonder (?) at the hair, DDána 114.2 . asa tosuch from the beginning, Ériu iv 214.18 . nambered cách a huair dena maccleirchib dochum a tige leo `would take him home in turn', Ériu ii 222.24 .

In prep. phrases, see aithle, céile, ucht, etc. In adv. phrase see núa.

n [ā], f. Initial a- somet. marked long, but quantity not fixed by rhyming exx. Prob. vn. of *ad-beir. The lenition in abhairt, H 3.18 603 prob. an error. f., IGT Decl. § 42 .

(a) game, feat, trick: ni hadha dom anmuin apairt romnett, Ériu ii 3.3 `not due to my soul is the deed (or feat) that has quelled (?) me', p. 7 . abras ┐ a.¤ dogní int ócláech . . . focheird a bunsaig rout n-aurchora úad . . ., TBFr. 49 . ba si abreth (a.¤, v.l.) dogniad C. . . . .i. dobeired a da mér immon cailg ndét . . ., Ériu iii 142.231 . cidne apairte dorigne m'athair ag bein a cind doit dé .i. dó Art, 23 E 29 34b2 . dosgní cuclaide . . . ┐ abarta inganta (of the ark), LB 128a50 . fochann . . . tresa ttángattar . . . na habarta fúalaing ┐ folúaimhnighe ain fáoi-siumh, BS § 1 . In association with reb: reb ┐ ā.¤ , TBC-I¹ 1796 . roboth ocond reibsin ┐ ocond á.¤ on tráth coraile, 1418 . lorg . . . ba sed a reba ┐ abairti, MU² 629 . reba ┐ abarta, TBC-LL¹ 5191 . a.¤ .i. ab arte .i. issī a.¤ doní .i. elada, O'Mulc. 10 . ar ae .i. ar a a.¤ .i. ar a dán, Laws v 460.4 Comm. a.¤ .i. cleas, H 3.18, 603a . a.¤ .i. bés, H 3.18, 51b . a.¤ .i. ealadha no bés, O'Cl. a.¤ .i. indell, Lec. Gl. 397 .

(b) performance, behaviour: fo dhaig dognith apairt dia sirsilliudh `for it was his wont to gaze at her continually', Ériu xii 164 § 3 (TE2). ba hisin . . . a abair[t] this was how he behaved, RC ix 470.16 . bliadain . . . ocund ábairt se (of birds), IT iii 244.39 . .i. cleas, 276 § 4 (H 3.18, 603.25). Freq. with prep. FOR; teora mí dó forsan a.¤ sin (of a magic ox), BNnÉ 186 § 23 . secht misa dhoibh forsan abart sin (of a host beleaguering a city), Marco P. 151 . dia coscc don apairt sin (of reviling), Fen. 116.10 . co n-á.¤ imtholta, TBC-LL¹ 5325 = co mmīad imtholton, TBC-I¹ 3263 .

n etc. m. (Engl. or Rom. loanword). advocate : aduocatus .i. abhcoide (abhcoidí, MS.), Ir. Gl. 432 . an tadhbhcoide . . . an Sbiorad naomh, Luc. Fid. 366.3 . an t-aduocáid . . . as mó éolus san dligheadh, Mac Aingil 4715 . mar abhcoid ┐ mar meidium adrainn ┐ in tAthair, Smaointe B. Chr. 2165 . bí at adhbhacóide thairisi damh, ITS xxix 208.22 . co faca a vvhcoittech (for abh-) adochum, Aisl. Tond. 106 § 5 . ar n-abhacóideach Muire, TSh. 33 . abhcóidigh oile nó patrún, Desid. 4084 . tráchtadh . . . ar ár n-adhbhcóidioch . . . .i. Muire, Párl. na mB. 4011 . Muire na habhcóididh edrain ┐ Críosd, Ó Héodhusa 118.11 . an tí bhias 'na bhreithemh agud, atá anois 'na adhbhacōididh agad, Mac Aingil 1508 . fuair compánach an aduocáid bás . . . do iafruidh an t-aduocáid dhe . . ., Mac Aingil 3916 .

n tucsatar na tri coecait da batar annagaid in oen a.¤ ar D. ` at the same time', Cog. 184.9 . For uball?

also spelt aicc, acca, aicce indep. neg. particle, see GOI § 868 no, nay: ac graece, nego latine .i. diultad, Corm. Y 96 . ac .i. diúltadh, O'Cl. a.¤, ol F., nachi nglúasid, LU 3291 ( SCC 9 ). aicc, ol se, mo breith don Teti Bric, 3296 . ar a chend dait a F. or cách. aicc ol F., 6698 (TBC). ac for si, 3112 . a.¤, or in rí, IT i 74 § 12 . aca nírbugaine domathairsi eim tochur fri Coinculaind, Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. ii 15.23 . aca, Anecd. ii 78.15 . acca, 13 . ecca sin `not so' (Faraday), TBC-I¹ 1494 = is acca a rad, TBC-LL¹ 2086 . a.¤ amae, LL 13838 . ac idir ón `not so at all', Fianaig. 80.9 . tuc dam-sa do gai or in cánte. a.¤ óm or Cú, LU 5806 (TBC). acæ (aicce, v.l.) om, CCath. 3781 . aca ámh, Ériu viii 139.8 . With follg. particle: in hi do shreb inso? ol Edain. a.¤ son, ol Midhir, Dinds. 65 ( RC xv 463 ). ac tra not so, RC xxvi 370.15 .

See nacc.

n o, n. Later m. in t-acomul, Laws iii 20.4 Comm. Vn. of ad-comla. act of joining, bringing together; junction, meeting, union: accomol Crist et næcilso, Wb. 22c11 . accumul a déachte ┐ a doenachte, 33b17 (cf. Bergin, ZCP xvii 224 ). ind accumuil gl. consortii, Ml. 15b8 . accomol gl. sinaeresis, Sg. 54a13 . tre accomol gl. per sineresin (συναίρεσις), 32a4 . tresa n-acomol in ddá aimmserda in dá gutae, 32a8 . do accomol inna cairddine ┐ ind oentath `for the junction of the friendship and the unity', 28a9 . filid dogníat a n-accomol in chrut sin ┐ ni midedar cenel n-indib a n-accomol sin, 63a14 . accomol ind óintuisil i persanaib écsamlib `the junction of the one case in the various persons', 208a10 . ius ind accomuil gl. coniunctionis, 212b6 . is trocaire Dé forcaemnacair ar n-ocomul (.i. ar tinol) dorisi, Trip.² 231 . naeim Hērenn do accomul i n-óenmaigin, ACL iii 3.28 . do a.¤ neich etarroscrad `to join together anything that has been separated', Hib. Min. 9.311 . na torothair . . . techtait da chorp i n-óen accomol, LU 2563 . ind eclais nemdai ┐ talmanda do oentaid ┐ do accomul, PH 5339 . inn accomul cairrci slébhe Eimh `adjoining a crag of Mount Haemus', CCath. 4106 . ruccastar Muire mac maith / . . ./. . ./ cen accomhal a hōigi, RC xxxvii 347 § 37 . As a gloss on comallnaid fulfils: fo da comilset .i. is maith in t-acomul sin, Laws iii 20.4 Comm. acomhal .i. coimhcheangal no cruinniughadh, O'Cl. With DO: at-cobraim-si . . . far n-accomal-si do macc ind ríg nemdai, Trip.² 1137 . ro chomarléicc . . . a ingin . . . do ócomul do Chríst, 2080 . With FRI: fidrad freccomail . . . .i. occomol a deirid fri tossach [ar]aile iar fedaib i.e. the joining of the final word of a stanza with the first accented word of the next by alliteration, IT iii 30.27 . dia accomhal fri dligheadh `to bind him by law', AFM vi 2334.15 .

(freq. act in O. Ir. glosses). See GOI § 908 . Later ach.

I As prep. with accus. (see Ériu xvii 79 , ZCP xxv 237 , Ériu lx 137-42 )

(a) save, except (lit. outside, Thurn.): cách act tiamthe `every one save Timothy', Wb. 23d5 . bacc de echaib a.¤ serrchu, Laws ii 118.9 . a.¤ cuit naige fine, iv 194.26 . roslechtsat do Patric a.¤ cóicḟir all except five bowed to P., Trip.² 1652 . fiche a.¤ sé bliadna i.e. 14 years, LL 15069 . ar di-legad síl Dubthaig Daīl ... acht claind Moathaire 'for [all] the descendants of Dubthach the Beetle were destroyed ... except for the kindred of Mothaire', Aided Echach 96 §4 (g) (h) . di-legath síl Dubthig Dōeltengath and act cethra conchuiriu, Aided Echach 94 § 1​ . achd ré n-aithrighe d'fhagháil save that there was time for repentance, DDána 64.9 .

(b) More freq. after neg. vb. as in: act aní ropridchussa dúib (nothing) save gl. nihil . . . sapietis, Wb. 20b4 . nand asse díchenglad cor mbél . . . inge (acht, MS) nóe curu it is not proper to dissolve contracts . . . except for nine contracts . . . Ériu xvii 66 §§ 4 , 5 .

(c) Hence in sense of Engl. only, merely , etc. (cf. Fr. ne . . . que): ar ni arilsem-ni act dígail for we have deserved only punishment, Wb. 20d14 . ni bí nach dethiden foir act fognam do día his only care is to serve God, 10b9 . ni gessid . . . act búaid precepte, 26a34 . nicon chloor act for caínscél, 23b41 . connaccon bet a.¤ degnimai less so that he may have only good works, Ml. 129a9 . ní rádat som a.¤ bréic ┐ togaís they speak only lies and deceit, 31a18 . in tan nád techtat a.¤ oin aimsir `when they have only one time', Sg. 5a10 . nī fūar a ssēt a.¤ Maire `I have found not her like save Mary', Thes. ii 349.4 (Hy. v). a.¤ fo thri nico rotroisci M. `that M. never fasted but thrice', Mon. Tall. 157.5 (§ 72) muna bed a.¤ don dornsann ní himtecar la suidaib, Laws iv 158.5 . nach ístais biad . . . a.¤ biad Conchobair, IT i 75.15 . conna-ruc a.¤ oīnchois ūaim, Sc.M² 12 . ni boi arm la Hiruath . ... a.¤ bocṡlaitt moir, PH 850 (a.¤ bocslat mor, v.l., ZCP xiv 147.7 ). na déantar lámh dhearg a.¤ dí let none but her be outlawed(?) Dán Dé ix 9 . nach fuil a.¤ talam ┐ luaith san cholainn daonna nothing but earth and ashes, TSh. 432 . gan a.¤ mac tíre 'na sesamh rena brollach only a wolf standing at her breast (instead of her own calf), BNnÉ 164 § 34 . Note also: dearna a láimhe a.¤ a lámh oile / clár do b'áilne snoidhe sain, DDána 32.22 , where a neg. is implied (see notes).

(d) With emphasising nammá, amáin: a.¤ comparit neutair nammá gl. non inuenitur nisi neutri generis, Sg. 41a8 . act seircc ndée tantum (= nammá) gl. non quaerit quae sua sunt, Wb. 12c2 . a.¤ nammá renders Lat. nisi forte, 9d21 , 12c32 . a.¤ éolas nammá, TBFr. 392 . ní thérna díb a.¤ oenchóicer namá, BDD² 1494 . teach . . . cen dorus . . . a.¤ seinistir ┐ forleas namá a house without any door but a window and skylight only, 81 . a.¤ dá angel amáin ní bátar and, LL 291a3 . ní bhí a.¤ an moladh amháin / ní don domhan a.¤ díoláimh `save praise alone', TD 31.8 . a.¤ trōcaire Dé amhāin, Fl. Earls 134.20 .

(e) So also with follg. mad (cf. acht má as conjunction infra): a.¤ mad a claind `unless it be her (own) children' (gl. docere autem mulieri non permitto), Wb. 28b13 . ni ruc . . . claind . . . a.¤ mad óeningin, IT i 130.14 . nád aithgainethar . . . a.¤ mad indred n-indligthech, Críth G. 564 . noco ria nech dib ar éc . . . a.¤ mad Essu ┐ Caleb, SR 4732 . a.¤ mad aenfer, Anecd. i 63 § 115 . indis dam firindi, riam nucha n-ebartais a.¤ mad guth ceart, Fen. 156.21 . ni bhíodh neach aga ghoire a.¤ madh na hoighe allaid `save only the deer', ZCP i 64 § 57 .

(f) Hence in adv. phrase a.¤ (mad) becc lit. except (but only) a little, hence almost: combo marb a.¤ bec until he was almost dead, LU 3290 ( SCC 8 ). a mboi de ór . . . oca a.¤ becc almost all the gold they had, PH 999 . fāsughudh C. . . . a.¤ becc `almost total devastation', RC xvii 384.23 (Tig.). corloiscit cella fer Midhi a.¤ mad becc, 389.7 .

II As conjunction

(a) In sense save only that, except that (folld. by nasalising rel. clause in O.Ir., see GOI § 503 ) (freq. with nammá): ro legsat canóin amal rundalégsam-ni a.¤ ronda-sáibset-som tantum `they have read the Scripture text as we have read it save only that they have perverted it', Ml. 24d24 . accobor la mmenmuin maid do imradud act nandléicci concupiscentia carnalis , Wb. 3d13 . Borg Emna ro tetha / a.¤ mairte a clocha `save that its stones remain', Fél. Prol. 194 . is bēlra dligthech concanat, a.¤ nat aithgnet cluasa dōine, Ériu ii 118 § 54 . a.¤ nach deachaidh tar muir Manann, riámh ní rosgabh rí ba fearr, Keat. ii 5755 . So also in the following (where rel. not marked): haue a.¤ ro noebad / do Dunlang `a grandson, save that he has been hallowed, of D.', Fél. April 11 . manid caindleóracht in tige as ail duit do chosnamh a.¤ namá bid mó bas loscud don tig oldás bas suillse don tegluch except that the house is more likely to catch fire than its inmates to get light, LU 9197 ( FB 92 ). conrotacht . . . a tech . . . fo chosmailius na Cráebrúadi . . . a.¤ nammá ro derscaigestar a tech so . . . do thigib inna hamsiri, 8046 ( FB 1 ). coro ṡollsigset in catraig na dluma derga . . . a.¤ ni loisctís nech nama without however burning anyone, LB 152b41 .

(b) With má, mani, cé (see Vendryes, Ériu xvi 21f. ). With má except if, unless: act ma chotchela gl. numquid Israhel non cognouit, Wb. 5a9 . act massu made in chretem rochretsid gl. nisi frustra credidistis, 13a34 . act mad melltach lassin fer `unless it be agreeable to the husband', 9d17 . act mad óentu dúib occa gl. ex consensu, 9d22 . tír Cannain . . . / nista . . . / a.¤ ma rannait . . . / for meic iar for n-adnacul unless your sons divide it SR 4735 . ní dligther fothud a thige do neoch . . . a.¤ ma ḟrisnasar a ḟlaith, Críth G. 79 . nocho chumcaid-si imchaisin Críst a.¤ ma blasti bás ar thús, Trip.² 1147 . ní talla a léni de a.¤ mad fria huaim `he may not take off his shirt except it be to stitch it', Ériu vii 140 . Note also: a.¤ má dothísad Arddrí secht nime dó ní reg-sa, Trip.² 1354 .

(c) With mani except if . . . not. So in some early exx., but later = a.¤ má or mani: a.¤ manidchomalnid a rropridchad dúib gl. nisi forte reprobi estis (you show that God is in you except you fulfil not what has been preached to you, Wb. 18b7 . ni ba messi dogena a.¤ manimléicther ind it is not I who will do it unless I am not allowed in i.e. provided I am not forbidden to enter, RC xxv 26.9 . noco mberthar uaimse ait na halma ass (leg. a.¤ Vendryes, loc. cit.) manip aúrderg limsa, LU 5029 (TBC) unless I do not consider them visible i.e. worthy of being seen (Vendryes). a.¤ minab edrud ┐ grian, `provided it be not between thee and the sun', Ériu viii 122.28 . In follg. exx. = a.¤ má, a.¤ mani: ni segar baithis acht menip dóig bes marb in gein unless the child seems likely to die, Ériu ii 208 § 32 . fotdáilfind i n-ilpartib . . . a.¤ manibad F. were it not for F. LU 5673 (TBC). ?is mesi . . . dliges a caurathmir a.¤ mani brister anfír form unless I am treated unfairly, LU 8986 ( FB 74 ). ni raga ass . . . a.¤ manit ainge ben unless a woman protect you, 3352 ( SCC 14 ). ní maith duit imthecht t'oenur a.¤ mani[d] dáil fir no thēig, Fing. R. 91 . acht mana maidi in talam found unless the ground breaks under us, TBC-I¹ 3577 = mono thaeth (muna maidhi, muna maoighthfe v.ll.), TBC-LL¹ 5975 . ni ra cotail C. risin re sin, a.¤ mani chotlad fithisin ṁbic . . . C. did not sleep during that time except for a little while, 2473 = a.¤ mad mani chotlad, LU 6338 . nach fer gentor a.¤ mona bentar a cend de unless his head is cut off, RC xii 88 § 99 . a.¤ mana bera lat in topur so `unless you take away this well', Lism. L. 4669 . a.¤ muna faghbam ní dar cobair orra sin ní bia duine a mbethaid unless we can find something to protect us from them there will not be a person alive, Acall. 6174 . ní dénann urchóitt do neach acht mona derna nech urcóit di, Maund. 33 . nad ḟetar-sa . . . act manip íat in Galían, CRR 11 . a.¤ munab í M. th' iarraidh, Eachtra Uill. 4300 .

(d) With cia even though, even if: act ci nip lour `even though it be not sufficient', Wb. 11d15 . nach facamur riamh roimhi, / a.¤ gér cian ar comnoide though long has been our sojourn, Ériu iv 114.32 . tu easbal dob annsa leis /. . ./ a.¤ ger ionmhuin gach easbal, Dán Dé i 9 . ba menmarc leis co mberadh buaidh a.¤ ge bhadar ced fan fer `he wished to defeat them even though they were a hundred to one', Stair Erc. 1471 . acht gidh mór do maith doronuis co ró-so, ZCP vi 67.8 . for imegla a bhāssaigthe a.¤ ge ro baoi i n-a Pāpa, Fl. Earls 206.20 . a.¤ gér laoch mear even though he was a swift warrior, LBranach 7210 . Samson, a.¤ gér chalma a neart, Éigse iv 188.71 .

(e) In conditional sense if only, provided that (folld. in O. Ir. by perfective subj. except where an impossible condition is implied, see GOI § 904 ): bíth and beos acht ropo i tuil dée `let him still abide therein provided it be in God's will', Wb. 10a25 . act ní arbarat biuth inna túari provided they eat not the foods, 10c1 . bid maith mo menmese act rocloor for cáinscéilsi `my mind will be glad provided I hear good news of you', 23d2 . atá comeisseírge act rocretem oipred dæ, 27a15 . ni imned lim act rop Crist pridches, 23b24 . buí cara damsa isin tírsea . . . a.¤ rofeasmais conair dá thig if only we knew the way to his house, BDD² 262 . a.¤ rop coir ní gellas, Críth G. 505 . a.¤ ropom airdric-se (ropa airdercsa LU), maith lim cen co bend buan acht oenlaa, TBC-I¹ 571 . ata lasna tuati beith lór dóib do ascnam nime acht doratat ní dona hanmchairtib (sic leg.) `the lay folk deem it enough to win a place in heaven if only they have given something to their confessors', Mon. Tall. 141.16 (§ 35) . doémat na trī sailm-sea . . . acht rogabthar gach dīa, ZCP iii 30.23 . With non-perfective vb.: a.¤ ni bed úall and `if only there were no pride in it', Wb. 10b27 . nico mórbrig laisim and a.¤ ní cometestar dond accobar `he counts it no great matter provided there be no yielding to desire', Mon. Tall. 152.7 (§ 63) . a.¤ com-messind-se mo maccu nī diṅgentais do chride chrád if only I were able to control my sons, Fing. R. 498 . Note also: noco nindligthech do gin co tuca abad acht techtugad do breith `provided that he has brought the means of taking possession', Laws iv 4.15 .

(f) Similarly with follg. co n-: ríge láech nErend . . . dait . . . a.¤ co nderna mo chomarlisea provided thou do, LU 8114 ( FB 8 ). a.¤ cor damthar fír fer dam ol sé atbér, 9213 (94) . a.¤ co rabat glinni mo diṅgbála ria provided there are sureties to satisfy me, MU² 64 . a.¤ co nde[r]nat maith / flaith uaidib co bráth, Trip.² 1798 . cretfemit do Christ a.¤ co ro-fhindamm a nert, PH 345 . nis-fil do plāig . . . for bith nachus-bera sin for cūlu, a.¤ corup léir guidter Dia occai, RC xii 430 § 21 . With non-perfective vb.: asbert . . . nod lemad a mbrethugud a.¤ co ndaimtis nammá fora breith, LU 9012 ( FB 76 ). dá fessed a.¤ combad fer ulcach nod ngonad no mairfedsom he ind (mixed constr.) 6110 (TBC). cuma a dteasda uan dom aois / gan suan feasda a.¤ go bhféadmaois, Dán Dé xvii 5 . a cōir féine a.¤ go bhfagha / ni dóigh Éire i n-aontamha, TD 24.1 . Hence as soon as: act arroilgither ind epistilse dúibsi berthir úaib Laudocensibus gl. et cum lecta fuerit apud vos aepistola [haec] facite ut et in L. aeclesia legatur, Wb. 27d13 . aiggelat sa hé a.¤ co roisc int oirned as soon as the ordination is ended, RC xlii 134 § 9 . acht co ndernair hoc rechtair romhat dochum an prainntighe, RC xxvi 374.1 . With non-perfective vb.: ragat a.¤ co fiasur in n-airm atá I will go as soon as I know where he is, LU 3373 ( SCC 17 ). bérthar cainnli duit acht co tumthar, Lism. L. 1996 .

(g) In adversative sense but: énirt a cocubussom . . . act nosnerta in sonirt, Wb. 10c3 . coir irnigde tra inso act ní chumcamni, 4a27 . robatar leosom eter desciplu . . . act dorigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru, 7d10 . cenél Maicc Ercae as tressam . . . a.¤ nochon follamnaiget amal ardrígu, Trip.² 1064 . lánsíth i nHérinn . . . a.¤ buí imneissi chatha iter dá Chorpre, BDD² 230 .

(h) Often introducing a positive clause oppd. to a preceding neg. one or vice versa: ni imdibe dualche . . . act is imdibe colno, Wb. 21b11 . conibé eter in peccato act co beid in pænitentia , 9b2 . ní bo ar seirc móidme act conrobad torbe dúibsi triit, 17a13 . ní dron act is diuit et is glé, 17b4 . ni ar Abracham . . . a.¤ is diar foirbthetuni, 2d2 . ni delb ad-rorsat act is cosmulius delbe, 1b19 . ba torad saithir dúun . . . act ní bad nertad na mbraithre, 10c21 . is hé láech is áildem . . . a.¤ níba s[h]uthain, TBFr. 5 . ni hainfis a.¤ día necar doniam indnos it is not in ignorance, but to set them forth that we proceed in this way, Mon. Tall. 154.27 (§ 66) . co rrabe . . . cen dig cen biad, a.¤ 'co immorchor ón taíb co araile, Sc.M² 3 . In sense at all events, however: mór di ḟertaib . . . doróne . . . acht aisnédfimne úaiti do ilib díb, Trip.² 110 . nī himda persa . . . is fessach crēd . . . in bāss geipit, acht nī thernoighit tar aiss amach go bráth, Fl. Earls 70.31 . Note also: munup do saighe selbha a.¤ for ecin `unless he seizes land by force only', Laws iv 26.16 Comm. nídnanaid a crothad nach a flescad a.¤ a nidi `it is no protection to shake or beat it, but only to wash it', Mon. Tall. 155.2 (67) . ná dearbh as a.¤ go hairech, Content. vi 27 .

(i) On cases where the prec. neg. sentence contains a word meaning only: ni hed a méit nonchretidsi act fodaimid fochidi airi `not only do ye believe it but ye endure sufferings therefor', Wb. 23c7 . nípat hé . . . nammá beite isind inducbáil sin a.¤ bieit cit geinti, 4c40 . nirbo chuit eperte tantum act robatar cid ferte dia imthrenugud, 24c5 . ni namá na duile aicside do chumscugud . . . a.¤ ro-chumscaigit gráda nime, PH 152 .

(j) In the idiom a.¤ ní . . . ní not only not . . . but not (cf. sech): a.¤ ní ructaisseom airesom ní rucadsom foraibsom not only could they not get away from him but he could not catch up with them, BDD² 300 and note. a.¤ nis leicim nis étaim, TBC-LL¹ 2334 (= sech LU). a.¤ ni trebad ni coimge, Metr. Dinds. iv 332.36 . a.¤ ni gonab-sa ni gonfa-sa mo moindter-sa, Ériu v 32.23 . a.¤ ní mó a cách ní lugu `not only is it not increasing but it is not less', Otia ii 81.2 . In positive constr.: acht ba dimdach ba debthach, SR 5688 . atbert in drui: a.¤ saerfaithir do mathair doberthar duit na bú as well as freeing your mother the cows will be given to you, IT i 40.x . Note also: a.¤ ní buaid a denam imbáruch is mó is dimbúaid a denam innocht, TBC-LL¹ 1866 .

(k) With cia: cindas rainnfither in mucc . . . cīa indas . . . a.¤ a-rann ar chomramaib in what other way, Sc.M² § 6 . cid, ol si, acht maillechut-sa tú co sír, PH 8262 . Introducing a phrase: cid fil ann didiu (sic leg.) a.¤ amal itcualae, PH 834 . cid fil ann immorro acht ni dechaidh aonnech ina ndocum, Stair Erc. 449 . Note also: aní ná roich lám, cid a.¤, / is écen dam a dúthracht, LU 3935 (`yet' SCC § 44 ).

(l) As quasi-conjunction in idioms with cen (gan): gan é a.¤ i naois ōiglenaib `seeing he was but of young child's age', O'Gr. Cat. 381.13 . gan lios . . . a.¤ lán do dhoire dharach, TD 28.7 . gan duine a.¤ ag dol ar séad, Dán Dé ix 34 . gan duine . . . do dol faoi . . . acht le custam do dhīol `that no one should go under it without paying custom', Fl. Earls 90.4 . brugh. loch. Lugh inand ghabhaid a.¤ gan illradh ag Lugh, IGT Decl. p. 81 § 29 . Note also: ní fuil mac Gaoidhil ná Goill / a.¤ lán dá éanghrádh uile, TD 17.57 . ní bhí leó a urdail a.¤ d'ór /. . ./ cinn a bhfagha suaine a sleagh / nó truaille tana dtroigheadh `they have not so much as the heads of their javelins . . . but is gold', 9.29 .

In introductory phrases: a.¤ chena is alaind cech nderg, LU 3914 ( SCC 43 ). gabhuis Columcille in salm . . . acht cena ni rolegh-som acht aibghiter namá cosin, Lism. L. 823 . a.¤ nammá atáa mí nád n-imthet rí a.¤ cethrur however there is a month when a king goes about accompanied by four only, Críth G. 535 . acht atá ní chena, bar F., is fiach fola ┐ feola dó-som é, TBC-LL¹ 2989 . See also cena. cid (trá) a.¤, cid fil and (trá) a.¤ etc., see trá II(b). a.¤ (mad) énní however, nevertheless, at all events: achtmadh enní, do marbhadh ceithre fir décc [dibh], AFM v 1328.4 . acht aenni, do bitis debtha dermara eturro, Ann. Conn. 1315.4 . acht aen ni . . . bemitt ar aenconair, 1315.8 .

III As subst. ise cuit in achta ann this is the function of the word `acht' in that passage, O'D. 745 (H 3.17 col. 541) (possibly to be referred to 2 acht).

adj I Adj. io, iā due, fitting, suitable: nephadae gl. nefas, Ml. 119a11 . adæ .i. ad-dee .i. dīr do Dīa, Corm. Y 67 . níbá hada rí co n-anim hi Temraig, LU 4056 . [n]i hadha (.i. dliged) dom anmuin apairt romnett `not due to my soul is the deed that has quelled me', Ériu ii 3.3 . teacht mís Marta a M. . . ./ do rígh Uladh ní hadha, Leb. Cert. 24.4 . cus in iarumdighe is adha dlechtuin don fir fine, Laws ii 282.29 Comm. areir in caich dana hadha in riaradh, i 286 z Comm. = agda, 288.1 . nir ba hadha do beith i Temair, MR 4.13 . ní hadha dhúin biadh ind fhir genntlidisea do tomailt, Lism. L. 1462 . ni hadha leosum fir a n-áeintig fria dathugud édaig, 4065 . noca nadha pennaid leo do liaigh, Ériu xii 16 § 20 n. 6 . cor imm Crúachuin día Samna / ní hadha acht is éttarba, PRIA liv (C) 18.104 . luid Odras 'na hiarn-gait / iarmairt nárbu ada, Metr. Dinds. iv 198.38 . Used attributively: rochind a aided n-ada / fo chlaideb in Galgatha, SR 5675 . delm n-ada, 4069 . ai eadha `lawful case', Ériu xvii 72.14 n. 1 . ?no sceinm a.¤ na suisti `the proper bound of the flail', Laws v 158.19 Comm.

adj II Also subst. io, [n.] that which is fitting .

(a) Of the prerogatives and perquisites of a king (as opposed to airgart): cúig aurgarta rígh Laighen . . . at iatt a adha immorro: mess Almuine . . . these, however, are his dues the mast of Allen . . ., PRIA liv (C) 12.4 . dénatt désheircc ar Día ndil / is léor d'adhaib cach óeinfhir, 22.148 . cadeat ada flatha ┐ cuirmthige costud im dagḟlaith, lassamna do lochrannaib, Tec. Corm. § 4.1 . adha ┐ aurgarta na rígh, ZCP iv 237.36 . fili . . . nach fiasara adha . . . na rig so, Leb. Cert. 6.24 . aga .i. buada, O'Curry 969 (H 3.18, 416). adha .i. buadha, Stowe Gl. 226 . Note also: ni ro hingabad geis leo ┐ ni ro hadradh ada they did not avoid taboos or cleave to customary dues, CCath. 1166 . ro imbir fair dano cach ada aili ba dir do imbirt for tarb idparta, 959 .

(b) In more general sense of appurtenances, accoutrements etc.: cach n-ada as ada do ócaib oc comruc, MU² 966 . dofuctha adai na fleidi the appropriate things for a feast, IT i 311.34 . atberim frib . . ./ ada, buada, belltaine / coirm, mecoin . . ., Hib. Min. 49.4 . carna, cuirm, cnoimes, cadla / it e ada na Samna, .20 . is iat a ada olla / stuic, cruitti cuirn chróes-tholla (of an oenach), Metr. Dinds. iii 18.233 . Note also: ada usce nosbera, LB 228 marg. sup. (see Pref. p. 39).

v Usually given as compd. of aigid ( Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 451 ), but in conjunct position -aig only is found. Perh. orig. ad-aig, -aig, a verb of the type described GOI § 543 (a) (ro-cluinethar etc.). Hence ad-aig here with deut. forms only and without vn. In mid. Ir. very common with tautological inf. pron. 3 s.m. (atn-aig). See aigid.

Indic. pres. 3 s. a-tom-aig, Wb. 10d26 . a-tob-aich, 9c20 . 3 pl. a-tn-agat, TBFr. 273 . Pass. sg. adagar, BB 252b27 . Pl. adagatar, Críth G. 93 . Ipv. 2 s. a-tn-aig, TBC-I¹ 935 . Indic. impf. 3 pl. ad-aigtis, MR 256.24 . Subj. impf. 3 s. ad-n -agad, Laws v 466.5 . Pass. sg. atagtha, Ériu ii 122 § 63 . Fut. 3 s. a-tan-ebla, Sc.M² § 3 . 3 pl. adeblad, RC xxi 382.12 v.l. pret. 3 s. adacht, LL 4899 . 3 pl. adachtatár, LU 5344 . atachtsat, Leb. Gab.(i) 116.16 . Pass. sg. adacht, LL 13608 . Pl. adachta, Dinds. 128 ( RC xvi 80 ). Later as simple vb. at(n)aigid.

(a) drives, impels to (DO): cid atobaig dó `what impels you to it?' Wb. 19d10 . is foirbthetu hirisse attotaig do neoch dogní `we know it is perfection of faith that impels thee to what thou doest', 6c16 . cid atobaich cen dílgud cech ancridi dognethe frib `what impels you not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you?', 9c20 . dílmaine aisndísen atannaig[n]i do, Ml. 93d12 . ar is ainbfius ┐ seimple adidnuid do, Laws i 94.7 . adaig a mmairtorad do digh `the produce of the sea impels one to drink', Ériu xii 20 § 25 . atnaig G. dó assin tig G. drove him out of the house, LL 13590 . atnaig dó for teiched, 13610 . Of driving animals etc.: fer adaig secht mbu i tir a cheile, Laws iii 128.2 . fer idaig cethra . . . ina fér . . . amail bid a cethra fodesin adnagad ind, v 466.4 . at-nagar gamain istech die marbad, Ériu vii 198 § 6 . ad-nagar cæra histech, 199 § 7 = doberar, 6 §§ 6, 7 . atnaigset na huain . . . docum a mmaithrech, Lism. L. 86 . adnaig tar fot cruach i nardnimed `he brings him away over gory sod into a high sanctuary', Ériu xii 83.14 . adacht Laigniu he drove the Leinstermen before him, LL 4899 . a.¤ i tenid sets on fire : adachtatár in crích hi tenid, LU 5344 (TBC). Note also: atan-ebla i luim luaith who will reduce us to bare ashes, Sc.M² 3 . ? adadar (adagar v.l.) tene ind, Trip.² 605 . atasaigid hi tenid, Cymmr. xiv 114.13 .

(b) pushes, thrusts, places, puts: ataig in cendáil occo isin sudi faire he puts the head beside him, LU 9093 ( FB § 84 ). benais mír don staic . . . ┐ ataig . . . ina beol, MacCongl. 65.11 ( LB 217a28 ). atnaig in di oibill . . . isin tellach, adnaidh a formna re comlaidh in dorois, Aen. 2296 . roadnacht F. grainne n-oir fo slinnen [a maic], ZCP ii 134 § 4 (form influenced by ad-anaig). atnaig C. foí atherruch C. thrusts him under it again (of wrestling in water), LU 5232 (TBC) = TBC-I¹ 755 . ataig a bratt tairsiu a triur, IT ii2 210.65 . ce at agtha fo claideb `though they were put to the sword', Ériu ii 122 § 63 . atnaigh-sium a mher tharse plied his finger over it (of playing the harp), RC vi 183.15 . atagat láim tairsiu they ravage them LL 231b5 ( TTr. 1046 ). atagat . . . cath cróda they prosecute a valiant fight TFerbe 741 . atnaig a bendachtain for Jacob, LB 114a5 . a.¤ aithne (for) recognises: ad-n-aig Corpre Músc aithne conarb' é Mac Con 'Corpre Músc realized that it was not Mac Con', CMMucr. (CCA) 92 § 13 . atnaigh in ingen aichne fair, IT i 126.9 .

(c) inflicts, imposes on (FOR): ataigh Midir . . . tri plagha foraibh, BB 390a39 . ataig cummasc . . . forsna slúagu `he caused the slaughter of the hosts', TTr.² 1480 . atachtsat (.i. tucsat) doeire forra, Leb. Gab.(i) 116.16 . atnagar rátha ┐ nadmand tenna . . . for muintir C. fria comall, MacCongl. 23.3 . ataigtis ratha airib / secht n-airig ata inir, LL 2596 . cach nidnacul .i. adanaig fair in flaith, O'Curry 830 (H 3.18, 380b). attaig Moysi forro in dam orda . . . do merliugud M. obliges them to destroy (?) the golden calf, BB 241a47 = atnaig, LB 120a37 . YBL 291a27 .

(d) proffers, gives: tescaid . . . in clérech a lúdain de ┐ atnaig don filid, Fél. 70.9 . ataig in poíc di ar dig, LL 4598 = dorat ind póice dí ar dig, Ériu iv 102.2 . adnaig side grád don gilla, RC v 200 § 15 . atnagar biad doib, MR 10.12 . ataig cuit cach trir, LU 1816 . atnagar cennacht macraidi Ulad do Choin Chulaind, LU 10494 . atnaghar doib Cú na cles `C. is surrendered to them', Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 44.22 . adnaigh .i. tabairt nó tidlacad ut est atnaigh uait surrender it, O'Dav. 131 . Of giving a blow: ataig taithbéim dia claidiub dóib, LU 3264 ( SCC § 6 ). atnaig T. bulli do, LL 329a7 .

(e) carries, brings: ataig C. lais ina fúair d'ór, TFerbe 745 . atnaig corp a athar leiss, LU 2796 . atnagad leo cen fhis they take him with them, YBL 139a45 .

(f) raises, puts forth (cry, shout): atreset iarsin ┐ dobérat (atbelat, adeblad, addeablatt v.l. ) an óengáir eisib, RC xxi 382.12 and n. andar lat batar fir betha adaigdis breisim foé Ériu xii 178 § 7 . atnagat a ṅgol, TBFr. 273 . ataig a díchelta ass he gives forth his secrets, LU 4457 . atnaig a gloim n-archon for aird, LL 12897 .

(g) a.¤ mnaí takes a wife (cf. do-beir m.): atnaigh mnai an Dunchada `he married the wife of D.', TFrag. 56.9 .

(h) undertakes, sets about, begins (with oc and vn.): atnagait (leg. ata-agat, Stories from Táin) . . . oc imtrascrad they set to wrestling, LU 5230 (TBC). atagat (atberat v.l. Ériu iv 102.41 ) ca rád ra Níall / dul don tiprait . . ., LL 4604 . attaig Isac ac lamachtad a láimí, BB 236b18 . atnaig oc blassachtaig `he began smacking his lips', MacCongl. 47.12 . Note also: atnaig in druí . . . for imthecht, Metr. Dinds. iv 60.29 . adnaig for iarraidh A `he went in search of A', Aen. 2656 .

(i) goes, proceeds: atnaig Ethne fades, LU 4465 . adnaig remib co Mag nGlass he sets out at their head to Mag nGlass, Ériu v 236.64 . atnaig E. i cocud crúaid `E. departs to stern strife', Metr. Dinds. iv 68.129 . adnaigh 'san imruagadh `he betook himself to flight', Aen. 2846 . atnaig and lá n-óen i m-boith aroli meic lēgind he goes into the cell of a certain student, MacCongl. 53.21 . atnagat uile inna agaid fadeoig, RC v 199 § 8 . atnagat (do chuiriter v.l.) nói do chauradaib ina dochum dia marbad, Otia ii 86 § 4 . atnaigim isin cuchtair, MacCongl. 91.17 . ataigimm isin tech mor, z 0 . Impers. atnagar hi cend breithi do breith they proceed to judge, 21.13 .

n later also aidche, oidche. iā, f. (see GOI § 294 ). adhaigh f. (g s. na hoidhche ), IGT Decl. § 93 . Early forms: n s. adaig, Ml. 140c3 . a s. aithchi, 95d9 . aidchi, Trip.² 2451 . g s. aithche, Ml. 95d10 . aidche, 21c3 . d s. aidchi, 62c6b . aithchi, 30a4 . adaig, LU 4781 (TBC). n p. aidchi, Trip.² 279 . a p. aithgi, Thes. ii 242.13 (Ardm.) g p. aidhce, Moling § 2 . d p. aidchib, MU² 127 .

Night: a.¤ tar æsi laíthi, Ml. 21c3 . ni bí a.¤ daitsiu, 140c3 . co roleg in nord neclastacda uile i noen aidche, Thes. ii 308.3 . a.¤ imlan, SR 20 . nocho rabi a.¤ hi Maig Inis acht soillsi ainglecda and, Trip.² 2997 . nip sí sin a.¤ bá sámam dóib, LU 4683 (TBC). combo chomsolus lá ┐ a.¤ , 8056 ( FB 2 ). cach fer díb a aidchi do ḟairi na cathrach, each man had his night for guarding the town, 9051 (ib. 80 ). midmedón aidchi, MU² 219 . urd aen laithi no aon oidchi, Laws i 22.24 . scela na haidche arér, PH 3203 . is fri aidchi dodéchatar chuccae by night (= contra noctem, Lat. Lives 18 ), Trip.² 2452 . loisc . . . longport Amlaib re naidchi, `before nightfall', Cog. 32.10 . fuair Ioseph . . ./ ar chionn oidche . . ./ áit, a place to stop the night, DDána 17.7 . lá áluinn don oidhche gheimhridh / do-ghéanta . . ./ lá geal gémadh adhaigh é, 2.13 . gemhaidhchi geimridh, ZCP vi 59.9 . oidhcheadha tuirseacha, Job vii 3 . feis aidchi evening meal, see 2 feis. nocht .i. aidche, ut est tabair mo miach cruithnechta cach nochtai[d]chi sceo dee, O'Dav. 1285 . Of battle fought at night : cath for Gull, cath for Ergull ┐ dubadaig Immair 'the battle at Goll, the battle at Ergoll and the black night[-battle] of Immar (?)', B. in Scáil² 35 § 10 .

In accus., gen. and dat. as adv. of time. Accus.: in naithchi n-uili during the whole night, Ml. 95d9 . amal nongnetis ón gním in n-aithchi dorchi, 30a4 . ni gleter dala lasna Déisi acht in n-aidchi, Trip.² 2451 . canaid cét salm cech naidchi, Thes. ii 315.5 (Hy. ii). cach nómad n-aidche, BDD² 174 . cech noidci, ZCP iv 176 § 95 . nuall-ghul gach n-oidche, TSh. 6430 . adhaig n-aen ann, BNnÉ 310 § 35 . Prob. also: doluid Duaid . . . aidchi roboi cucu inna ndunad `D. went one evening to them into their camp', Ml. 55c1 . in aidchi in gene `on the night of the birth', Wb. 28c12 . suánemuin do dénum in aidchi, 24d14 , 26b17 . lasse immerordus in aidchi, Ml. 96a3 . in a.¤ -sin . . . ro-saerait na maccu, PH 412 . an adhaigh rug Muire mac, DDána 15.9 . an adhuighsin, TD 8.13 . tánag adhaigh go hEas gCaoille one night, 25.1 . Dat.: trissa n-ínnaide arane- tersi ind aidchi (?leg. isind a.¤ , edd.) `in the night', Ml. 42c23 . ind aidhche, Gael. 50, 128 (` at night', Blathm. 325 ). isind aidchi dudchoisgedar `on the night that follows it', Ml. 62c6b . ní airgénsat bíada dóib ind a.¤ sin, LU 4780 (TBC). In pl. Dia do adhradh aidhc[h]ibh laithib by night and day, ZCP viii 198.24 . Gen.: orggaid .c. fer cacha aidche diib, LU 5583 (TBC).

In phrase (n)d'a.¤ (where (n)d- is the remnant of the article, see GOI p. 161 ) that night (i.e. the night following a specified day): con-tuili íarom [i]nd adig (ndadig, ṅdadaig v.ll.), Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. 37 § 5 . faeiss ind ingen dádaig leis, LL 11308 . anais . . . ann a lla n-isin . . . ┐ in n-aidchi d'adhaig `that day and the following night', Ériu xii 146 § 7 (TE2). co fargdais cuit na aidchi d'ádaig until they should have left behind (sufficient for) the evening meal that night, TBC-LL¹ 1954 . an fer muirse anocht dot marbud himbaruch d'adhuigh, ZCP iv 176 § 95 . tigid . . . uili amārach d'agaid, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 40.1 . Dun Gaillmhe do losccadh arabhárach d'adhaigh, AFM ii 1144.8 .

In reckoning periods of time (cf. Engl. fortnight, se'nnight): do galur tri noidhche, AU ii 28.3 . do trib cethorchait aidci `thrice forty nights', Mon. Tall. 136.8 (§ 24) . foidsi S. o ruan iii aithgi lais cu M. ┐ anis .iii. aithgi la suide, Thes. ii 242.13 (Ardm.). anait sidi leis trí laa ┐ tēora aidchi, Sc.M² 4 . re ré cethrachat aidhchi in corgais, Laws i 196.2 Comm. iar teora aidhcib, v 320.11 . damnatar la trí laaib ┐ aidchib ic ól, MU² 127 . ré cetheora n-oidhche con a láibh, Hugh Roe 30.18 . ro troicset trī lā cona n-oighthibh, Irish Texts i 43.28 . a.¤ longpuirt a night's encampment: aidce longphort (leg. -phuirt), CCath. 3444 . do batar a.¤ longphuirt inte, Ann. Conn. 1253.13 . badar da oidche longphuirt ag E., AFM iii 348.15 .

Eve of a day or festival: i n-aidche lúain (i.e. Sunday night), Ériu ii 206 § 26 . in ṅadaig ré notlaic, Fél. Dec. 24 . in his tribus noctibus .i. aidchi dardáoin aidchi sathairn ┐ aidchi ndomnaich, Mon. Tall. 132. 26 (§ 14) . o espartain aidchi domnaig co hanteirt día lúain, LU 1918 . dia Sathairn .i. oidche chásga Easter Eve, Ériu i 92 § 42 . aidchi fhele Laegairi, Lism. L. 268 . aidchi samna `the eve of samain', RC xxiv 178.17 .

See caidche.

denom. of adamrae, but in O. Ir. glosses treated as compd. vb. (except in Wb. 16c3 cited below) wonders ( at ), marvels ( at ). Indic. pres. 3 s. is hed adamrigethar , Wb. 5c16 . inna hí adamrigedar , Ml. 64c19 . 3 pl. adamraigetar gl. mirantur, 124a6 . Subj. pres. 2 s. adnamraigther gl. mirari, 56b39 . 3 pl. co adamraigetar gl. ut mirentur omnes, 39b8 . Pass. sg. con roadamrigther dia triit, Wb. 12d29 . Perf. 3 pl. adruamraigset gl. mirati, 88a18 .

As simple vb. is hed noadamrugur, Wb. 16c3 . a m-moltais ┐ an-n-adamraigtis in Comdid, RC ix 478.17 . adamhraigther ┐ oirrdercaigt[h]er an scel, Fl. Earls 128 z . ro adhamhraig in draí an firt, Lat. Lives 70.6 .

Verbal of necess.: innahi ata adamraigthi, Ml. 64c3 . as nadamraigthi, 69c1 .

Vn. adamrugud.

vn. of ad-amraigedar. act of admiring, wondering at; wonder, marvel: huare nach derni a a.¤ `because he cannot express admiration of Him', Ml. 128c3 . ho molad ┐ a.¤ in choimded, 26b10 . na spiruta tres-in iumfhoilngither firta ┐ adamraigthe isna noemu, PH 6251 .

x see at-bail.

x see at-bail.

v sees. Frequ. (outside O. Ir. Glosses) at-c(h)í with meaningless infix. pron., in rel. with inf. pron. sometimes also as-. Prot. stem -a(i)cc-. In O. Ir. with depon. inflexion in subj. pres. and with redupl. future. For active inflexion in subj. see Celt. Verb 138 . In pret. active prot. forms only are found, the conjunction co n- being used where no other conjunct particle is present (deuterotonic forms occur in pass.). In perf. deut. with root -derc- and perfective -com- (ad-condarc etc.). There is no special perf. form after conj. particles. Note also ad-rodarcar can be seen , Sg. 172a2 . In later lang. ad- (at-) is gradually replaced by do- and the conj. stem acquires inorganic f-, giving the forms do-chí, -faic-, both with b-fut.. In past tense the general independent form is ad-(do-) chonnai(r)c (from the perf.), the form after conj. particles -(f)ac(c)- (from the pret.), both with endings of the s-pret..

Early forms: Indic. pres. 1 s. atchíu, LU 4535 . adcíu (3 syll.), ACL iii 297 § 46 . atchim, Ériu ii 166.50 . -accu, MU² 1011 (LU). -acciu, LU 5347 . -accim, 6117 . With ro, -airciu, 6213 (? leg. -airchiu, GOI § 535b ). 2 s. adchí, Fél. Prol. 150 . atch, IT i 81.18 . -accai, Ml. 17b17, 25b14 . -aci, Sg. 15b6 ; Thes. ii 21.37 . 3 s adchí, Wb. 4a25 . adcíi, 12c11 . atobc, 25a26 . adcí, Sg. 149b6 . With inf. pron. 3 s. m. in rel. constr. asidc, Ériu ii 208 § 27 . -aicci, Ml. 94c3 . 1 pl. adciam, Wb. 6a30 ; Ml. 16c5; 112b12 . rel. adchiam, Ml. 42b22; 112b13 . With inf. pron. 3 s. asidciam, Ml. 2b4 . -accam, Ml. 111d1 . -aciam, Thes. ii 31.23 . 2 pl. atchíd, LU 9987 . -accid, Ériu ii 106 § 19 . 3 pl. adciat, Ml. 69b2; 103b13 . -acat, 93d14 . -aiccet, LL 13853 . Pass. sg. adcither. Wb. 1b15 . adchither, 12c12 . -acastar, 25b28 . -accastar, 26a12 . -aiccesdar (-aiccestar v.l.), ACC § 34 . (See Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 488 and GOI § 609 ). Note also ad-rodarcar, Sg. 172a2 . Laws i 230.11 Comm. adroarcar, O'Curry 2294 ( Eg. 88, 22 (23)a) . Pl. atchiter, Ériu ii 106 § 19 .

Indic. impf. 1 s. -aicind, Metr. Dinds. iii 310.84 . 3 s. atchíd, TBFr. 217 . With inf. pron. 3 s. in rel. constr. asitchid, Corm. Y 1059 ( Anecd. iv 91.16 ). 3 pl. atcitis, Mon. Tall. 147.14 (§ 52) . Pass. sg. atchíthe, LU 3452 ( SCC § 23 ). -aictea, RC xlvi 239.3 . Pl. atcítis, CCath. 873 .

Subj. pres. 1 s. ad-cear, Thes. ii 293.6 . rel. atcheur, Ériu ii 89 § 2 . -accur, Fing. R. 95 . -accar, ZCP viii 120.16 . -aicer, TBFr. 21 § 22 . 2 s. -aiccither, Anecd. iii 57.19 . -aiccther, TBC-I¹ 1556 . at-ce-su, Ériu xix 12 § 6 . 3 s. -accadar, Wb. 16d6 . Ml. 53a6 . -acathar, 68b9 . 1 pl. -accamar, TBFr. 195 . 2 pl. adced, Wb. 11b22 . 3 pl. (unless pass. pl.) adceter, Ml. 3a4 . -accatar, TBFr. 294 . Pass. sg. adcethar, Ériu iii 104 § 39a . atcethar, vii 150 § 20 . -accastar, Ml. 50a5 . -accaister, LU 6889 . ?With ro: -arcastar, O'Dav. 109 .

Subj. impf. 1 s. atcheind, TBC-LL¹ 4142 . -accinn, Trip.² 2436 . 2 s. atchethe-su, Trip.² 269 . (with má) madattceththae, IT i 144.21 = madhcethea, ZCP v 501.34 . 3 s. adcheth, Ml. 38c9 . atchet, Ériu v 30.17 . -aiced, LU 3733 . -accad, 4616 . 2 pl. adcethe, Wb. 19b6 . 3 pl. adchetis, BDD² 446 . -accaitis, Ml. 32d12 . Pass. sg. adcethe, Ml. 77d8 . Pl. -aiccitis, BDD² 627 .

Fut. 1 s. ? -accus, RC xii 110 § 167 . 2 s. condas-chichi (sic leg.: Liphi, see GOI § 655 ), Ériu vi 122 § 6 . 3 s. ?dom-chich (domcife, cotomchichfea v.ll.), ACC § 143 ( RC xx 416 ). -accigi, Trip.² 1503 . 3 pl. at-chichset, Ériu iii 30 § 10 . -aiccichet, Trip.² 1841 . Pass. sg. atatchigestar, Ml. 59c12 . atchichestár, LU 2760 .

Cond. 3 s. atcichead, BDD² 125 . -aiciged, TBC-I¹ 813 = acciged, LU 5336 . 3 pl. adcichitis, Wb. 7a2 .

Pret. 1 s. -acca, IT i 120.24 . 2 s. -acca, Sc.M² § 11 . 3 s. adcita-acae, Tur. 60 . (see Thes. i 488 n. b ). -acae, Ériu ii 222.27 . -acce, BDD² 156 . -aicci, Trip.² 264 . -accai, 265 . 1 pl. -accamar, Mon. Tall. 148.6 (§ 55) . 3 pl. -accatar, Wb. 26b11 . Pass. sg. adchess, Wb. 23c11 . adchess, Ml. 96d1 . ? matcias, Mon. Tall. 141.27 (§ 36) . -aiccess, Thes. ii 253.2 (Stowe Missal). -accas, TBFr. 258 . -acus, BDD² 238 . Pl. atchessa, Thes. ii 354.9 (Hy. vii). -accassa, TBC-I¹ 1413 . -aicessa, LU 10058 .

Perf. 1 s. atchondarc, Ml. 113b6 . 2 s. atconnarcsu, LU 5142 = atcondarccaisiu, TBC-I¹ 659 . atchonnarcaisthi, Trip.² 223 . 3 s. ad-condairc, Thes. i 488.23 (Tur.) ad-chondairc, 493.21 (ib.). 1 pl. adus-connarcmar, BDD² 473 . 2 pl. adchondarcid, Anecd. i 43.z . 3 pl. atcondarcatar, Laws ii 326.13 . atchonnarctar, Trip.² 1017 . o'tchondarcatar, 2641 .

Later forms. Indic. pres. 1 s. dochiu, Ó Bruad. ii 56.5 . dochim, ZCP vi 36.12 . -bhfaicim, -feicim, Acall. 6771 . DDána 6.6 2 s. dochi, CF 790 . -ḟacci, TBC-LL¹ 233 . -bhfaice, Keat. ii 5398 . -feicenn tú, ZCP vi 56.25 . 3 s. dochi, Lec. 185rb11 . -acend, LU 3988 ( SCC § 45 ). -fhaccend, MU² 640 . -faic, ZCP vii 303 § 11 . 1 pl. dochiam, PH 8130 ; DDána 26.2 . atchiamait, Acall. 5555 . atciamaid, BNnÉ 60 § 77 . dochímíd, DDána 54.12 . 2 pl. atchíthi, Anecd. i 35.78 . do-chíthí, TSh. 2818 . -facthi, MU² 947 . 3 pl. atcíat, Acall. 1562 . atchíd, TSh. 753 . adchiad, DDána 31.16 . dochíd, 17.12 . dochiat, SG 346.12 . -faicit, PH 7740 . Pass. sg. dociter, RC xlix 9 § 4 . -aicter, Lism. L. 495 . -bhfaicthear, Keat. i 82.21 . rocíter, Marco P. 42 .

Ipv. 1 s. nachataicim, Lism. L. 2297 . 1 pl. faiceam, DDána 119.28 . Pass. sg. faicthear, 60.37 .

Indic. impf. 3 s. do-chíodh, TSh. 4225 . -faiceadh, Dán Dé vi 30 . 1 pl. adcíadhmais, Duan. F. i 10.4 . -bfaicmís, O'Gr. Cat. 508.5 . 2 pl. -bfaicti, BNnÉ 67 § 103 . Pass. sg. dochíthe, Dán Dé xi 29 . -faicte, CCath. 897 . Pl. -faictis, ACL iii 224.y .

Subj. pres. 1 s. do-chear, -bhfaicear, DDána 37.39 . -accar, ZCP viii 120.16 . -faccur-sa, TBC-LL¹ 4061 . 2 s. -accara, PH 4960 . 3 s. -faccara, 6006 . -accera, RC xiii 440.18 . 3 pl. -acatar, PH 1352 . With active endings. 3 s. -faicea, PH 7402 . -facaid, Maund. 261 . 1 pl. -bhfaiceam, DDána 81.19 . 3 pl. -acat, TBFr. 21 § 22 . -faicit, Acall. 2246 , -fhaicet, PH 7678 .

Subj. impf. 2 s. -feictea, ZCP vi 87.29 . 3 s. atchised, TTr.² 641 . -bhfaiceadh, DDána 37.38 . 1 pl. -faicsimmis, RC x 92.10 . -faicmis, IGT Decl. ex. 607 . 3 pl. -faictis, IT i 175.10 . Pass. sg. ? -aiciste, Ériu ii 106 § 16 (perh. to be referred to ad-guid). -haicesda, Lism. L. 2302 .

Fut. and condit. Traces of the reduplicated fut. remain, sometimes with endings of the b-fut. The b-fut. is however the usual formation. With reduplication 2 s. atchicera, Fing. R. 118 . atíchera, PH 1182 . With ro: -aircechasa, LU 6098 . ? adidracacha, O'Dav. 123 . 3 s. atcichfe, Anecd. ii 27.16 . 1 pl. do chíchsiom , Content. xxii 22 . 2 pl. adachichisthi, TFrag. 180.8 . atichistisi, LB 223b19 . Pass. sg. atchichither, LU 3889 ( SCC § 40 ). -aicigther, 6119 (TBC). atcithfither, Acall. 5362 . Condit. 3 s. atcithsead, MR 112.6 . do chichsiodh , Desid. 2147 . Pass. sg. atchichesta, RC xlvi 239.5 . (See also Aithd. D. Gloss.). Without reduplication. 1 s. do chíeabh , IGT Introd. 28.15. (§121) . -aiciub, IT i 80.8 . -feiceab, ZCP vi 85.15 . 2 s. nodcífi, Ériu viii 123.1 . do-chífe, DDána 66.4 . atchífir, Keat. iii 2800 . dochifir, BNnÉ 82 § 164 . -faicfe, DDána 6.6 . 3 s. dochífe, TSh. 1089 . -aicfe, ZCP viii 332.24 . -acéb, LU 309 = ḟaiccbe, RC xx 38.14 . -faccéga (-aigfe, -faigfe, v. ll.), TBC-LL¹ 5581 . -faicfe, Acall. 6310 . -faicfid, ZCP x 342 § 8. 1 pl. attcífem, ZCP viii 207.15 . -faicfeam, TSh. 8624 . 2 pl. dochífide, Dán Dé xxv 31 . -faicfide, Ériu v 242.166 . 3 pl. atchífit, BS 6.3 . docífitt, -ffaicfit, BNnÉ 267 § 235 . Pass. sg. atcífider, RC xxv 390 § 4 . -accfither, LL 14280 . -aicfider, Ériu ii 144 § 161 . dochífear, DDána 12.4 . Condit. 1 s. adcíthfend, Ériu iv 220.8 . 3 s. dochífeadh, TSh. 6056 . atchífeadh, 6008 . -aicfed, Todd Lect. vii 6.68 . 3 pl. dochífidís, TSh. 305 . -faicfitis, Ériu ii 134 § 115 . Pass. sg. itcífea, Ériu ii 198.9 . dacitfidhi, Ir. Astr. Tr. 28.30 .

Pret. and perf. 1 s. atconnac. MU² 745 . dochunnuc, ZCP vi 29.2 . dochonnarc, TSh. 4298 . idconnarcos, ML 4.19 . -facca, SR 1336 . -faccu, TBC-I¹ 870 . -facus, Maund. 260 . -facadhas, Desid. 430 . 2 s. atchonnarcais, LL 13591 . adconnacuis, Lism. L. 1509 . daconncadais, ITS xiv 22.9 . atchonncais, Acall. 4612 . doconncais, 3320 . -faccais, 5143 . -facadais, Sc.M² § 11 . -acaghois, ZCP x 284.19 . 3 s. diconnairc, Ériu ii 15.19 . atchonnaic, TBC-LL¹ 3969 . rachonnaic, 2969 . -facca, 3374 . -faccae, 5099 . -facae, Mon. Tall. 155.11 (§ 67) . -facai, 135.5 (§ 22) . -facaid, 164.6 (§ 88) . -accaig, TBC-LL¹ 2827 . -agaid, Aen. 1396 . -facais, RC xxiv 196.14 . 1 pl. atchoncamar, LU 2331 . do choncamar , 3 C 19, 6 va17 . -facamar, Stair Erc. 2017 . 2 pl. atconncabar, PH 1711 . -facabar, 3360 . -faccabair, Acall. 5770 . 3 pl. atconncatar, Laws iii 168.8 Comm. dochoncatar, PH 6295 . -facadar, TBC-I¹ 311 . -acaiset, ZCP x 410.15 . Pass. sg. doces, RC xvii 416.30 . doconnarcas, ZCP ii 552.8 . atcondcas, Ériu iii 196 § 12 . do cunncus , RC xii 332 § 24 . ra condcas , TBC-LL¹ 2748 . -aices, -facas, IT iii 189.11, 12 . -accas, LL 14172 . -facus, Lism. L. 3804 . Pl. -facessa, TBC-LL¹ 5009 .

Vn. aicsiu, (f)aicsin, etc. IGT Verbs § 4 .

(a) sees, notices, observes: atobcí side `he perceives you', Wb. 25a26 . ní aicci ní lia mescai `he sees nothing for his drunkenness', Ml. 94c3 . do soí dond orient conaci a næscae, Thes. ii 21.37 . isin domnach atcess in cétna sollsi in lái. Ériu ii 198.1 . ranic iath nad adaig aiccesdar (aiccestar, accestar, acastar v. ll.) `he reached the country where night is not seen', ACC 34 ( RC xx 172 ). con-idn-acar ┐ co nidn-arladar that I may see him, Irish Texts i 13 § 40 . ni facaid deilb ┐ ni cumman lais ní do faicsin, Mon. Tall. 164.6 (§ 88) . nach álaind atchíd ba háildiu lee Fróech do acsin, TBFr. 217 . nā tēig, co n-aiccther in frithi fonnuar-sa, TBC-I¹ 1556 . dorala . . . do M. condacaid aislingi, Trip.² 220 . amail boí sí and conḟacaig in lochtobur, RC vi 174.26 . ní confacus beó aéin neich diobh osin alle, AFM vi 2092.5 . do chibh mo Shlanaigtheoir maille rium, ITS xxix 185.3 . rí na ndúl cá chuin do-chear / an dún i bhfuil go bhfaicear, DDána 37.39 . With various prepp.: arnachab-accastar as tír that you may not be seen from land, BDD² 435 . atcess immorro asin Temraig inni sin moreover that thing was seen from Tara, Anecd. iii 34.9 . telach ása n-acastar in tuath fri Luimnech antuaith, Trip.² 2412 . adcí . . . uad debrad na diadachta he sees in the distance . . . ACL iii 245 § 24 . ro-chidisium uathib . . . tigi arda, Celt. Rev. x 106.16 . Folld. by clause: atcondarccaisiu (atconnarcsu, LU) . . . indus imatiag-sa in lind, TBC-I¹ 659 . co n-aiced immar ita / in tech mór atchonnarcsá, LU 3733 . tabhair an taiplis don tigh / gu faicmis amhail imrid, IGT Decl. ex. 607 . With preposition indicating motion: co n-accatar C. . . . is' tech they saw C. coming into the house, Sc.M² § 15 . intan docunncus Fechín docum in dūnaid `when F. was seen coming . . .', RC xii 332 § 24 . atací in slóg cucu tarsa mag, TBC-I¹ 1440 . ó 'tchóndairc epscop Mél P. cuce día chairigud, Trip.² 982 . nir airigedur Cenel Conaill iat co facadur chuctha iat, Ann. Conn. 1247.7 . Cf. an tan atchídís ag triall chuca é, Keat. iii 1591 .

(b) Of mental processes perceives, discerns, realizes: ma adced torbe inna thect `if you should see profit in so going', Wb. 11b22 . da faicea ainfhis . . . ann a múnad, PH 7402 . truagh nach bfacas libh bhar locht, Ir. Review 1912 472 § 11 . atchíu rogabsat ar clanna ililtiugud, ZCP viii 318.31 . mar dobínn 'ga gruaidh gelbuic / docím úaim nach indermaid looking back I perceive that the treatment I got with him . . . is not to be forgotten(?), Prolegomena 45 § 24 . do citer corob i cuis in fiabrusa dlegar do leiges ar tuis, RC xlix 9 § 4 .

(c) Pass. in sense of appears, seems (DO to): atchessa fiad lucht na netarnade comtis aige alta they seemed to those lying in ambush to be wild deer, Thes. ii 354.9 (Hy. vii). ge daciter gorob maille Saturnus nan re . . . as comtrom a ngluasacht though Saturn appears to be slower than the moon their motion is equal, Ir. Astr. Tr. 114.16 . an tan bis an taer dorea tiugh ┐ docitear cum feartana e ┐ nach denann hi, 3 C 19 , 20 ra9 . atchíthe dó i n-aslingi innas ind ḟir no rígfaide and, LU 3452 ( SCC 23 ). is amlaidh doces do mac Gilla Lughan iat, RC xvii 416.31 . doces do muinntir co n-erbalus it seemed to people that I died, Todd Nenn. 210.4 . atcess dóib . . . múr na Rómae the wall of Rome appeared to them, BColm. 78.19 . atces doib tor oir for an muir, Leb. Gab.(i) 72.14 . do condcuss sin dó ina spiraid, gin go faca sé o suilib corpardha é, BCC 362.5 . mar do connarcas d'uaislibh Éireann an dochar do bhí ag teacht, Keat. i 66.19 . doconncus doibh a oirett shin ele d'airde do beith ann, BNnÉ 71 § 121 . pecadh aga bhfaicther dhó maith éigin do bheith ann a sin in which it seems to him there is some good, Ó Héodhusa 181.5 . do connarcus don Pháirlement gurab annteasbach bídh ┐ éadaigh do-rin sin uile, PCT 1677 . Note also: is mar sin dociter Galen aga tuicsin so G. seems to understand it, 3 C 19, 219 ra14 . By extension seems good to (cf. Lat. videtur): cidh anaill atcither duit acht a marbad? what else seems good to you except to kill them? Anecd. ii 12.18 . créad fa bhfacas dhíbh . . . na braighde . . . do chongbháil i ngéibheann, Maguires of F. 55 . déanaidh mar chífighthear dhíbh, 74 . dochonnarcus do'n Spiorad Naomh . . . gan ualach do chur orraibh . . . (visum est Spiritui sancto, Acts xv 28 ) Eochairsg. 14.26 . do connarcus don ōigh . . . eachtra . . . in tsēipēil . . . d'foillsiughadh . . . don naomh-priōir `it seemed good to her to make known', Fl. Earls 114.33 . do-connarcas damh trácht ar éiclipsigh na gréine it seemed good to me to treat of eclipses of the sun, Corp. Astron. 152.4 . do chonncas dhúinn . . . an leabhrán-sa do sgríobhadh, Mac Aingil 50 .

(d) Occas. in sense of do-écci, fégaid: o do conncamair do leighiusaibh uilidhi . . . na ptisisi since we have treated of, 3 C 19, 129 vb23 . da facaid le feirg no le fich ar duine if he look angrily at , Maund. 261 .

v (* ad-com-sní-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 634 ) Indic. pres. 3 s. at-cosna, Fél. 156.11 . -ascnai, Laws iv 366.13 . 3 pl. adcosnat, Thes. ii 6.29 . Ipv. 1 pl. ascnam, Fél. Dec. 31 . Indic. impf. 1 s. adcosnain se, Thes. ii 2.26 . 3 pl. atcosnaitis, Fianaig. 10.19 . Subj. pres. 2 s. adcosnae, Ml. 56b39 . -ascnae, Ml. 56b31 . 3 s. adcosna. Ml. 51b6 . Subj. impf. sg. pass. adcosantae, Ml. 115d13 . Pret. and perf. 3 s. adruchoisséni, Ml. 69d4 .

Vn. ascnam.

Part. ascnaide.

Later also as simple vb. ascnaid.

(a) makes for, strives for, seeks (trans.): ni moa adcosnat bete in secundo genere . . . quam `they do not strive more', Thes. ii 6.29 . ní etaigthersu immanisin .i. ni ascnae ┐ ní charae, Ml. 56b31 . cach gell cona [ḟ]ritgill do di[a] nascnai coir `on the basis of which he attains his right', Ériu xii 48.2 . athlaech . . . nad nascnai sacarbuic `a lay-recluse who does not go to the sacrament', Laws iv 366.13 . nech atcobra dul for nemh, atcosna (atcosnae v.l.) in flaith, ZCP vii 310 § 1 . is ech buada dar mag réid / fer adcosnaid flaith Dé móir, Goid. 180.22 ( LL 284b42 .) is treothu adcosnaigther flaith nime, LB 12a46 . atcosnatis bidbad būaidh `they strove ever for victory over their foes', Fianaig. 10.19 . ascnaid Ériu seach inis Breatan sets out for E., BB 203b38 . in port adcosnaidís, 39a23 . gur bo hi an conair i ttudchad . . . don tir nó asgnáifedh, Hugh Roe 80.19 (fo. 21b) .

(b) proceeds, goes (intrans. with various prepp.): atchiu churach dar Muir Mend / ascnas i n-iathaib h-Erend, LL 12642 . adcosnat hi crich Ciarraigi . . . co Ath Féne, IT ii2 213.33 . ro-asgna Luguidh cona mhaithibh . . . i ccomhdhāil Conaill marched against, ZCP xiv 249.3 . ascnait assaide d'ardchathraig in tíre, LL 220b11 ( TTr. 246 ). ro asccna assaidhe co ros Comáin, AFM vi 1954.7 . ascnais A. co Poll Ruadhain, BNnÉ 322 § 31 . ro asccna ó D. tar Sruthair . . . ar fud tire hamhalghaidh, AFM iii 390.x . do easccna ara aghaidh he went forwards, v 1574.4 . ro asccnatar rempu they advanced, CCath. 4898 . ascnait . . . tria fort `they passed through a fort', Fl. Earls 104.27 . ascnaidhit a n-iermoracht Uī Nēill `they set out to overtake O'N.', 164.10 aon léig[e] dēg issedh ro ascnaidset in lā sin, 166.29 . ascnam . . . iarsin slicht let us go over the account (of a tale), Arch. Hib. ii 54 § 1 . asgnaidh esti a h-ainim life departed from her, Aen. 2869 . ra ascná uadib a mbruth, LL 244b42 .

Cf. ascnamaid.

v , (*ad(in)-com-ta-) prot. stem ét- (*in-ta); cf. incotar, O'Dav. 510 . Irregular verb with redupl. future, redupl. s-pret., and without distinction of form between indic. and subj. (except in 1 s.) or between pret. and perf. See GOI (in particular §§ 544 , 680 , 708 ), Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 638 , Études Celt. iii 231-2 . Later fétaid, q.v. IGT Verbs § 60 .

Indic. pres. 1 s. atchotaim, Irish Texts i 8 § 25 . -etaim, LU 6217 . 2 s. (m)atumchotaise, LU 10872 (TE2, Ériu xii 182 ). -ētai, Sc.M² 14 . 3 s. atchota, LU 10267 . ? ba chota-sum , CRR 54.10 (`he obtained'). atcotand, PH 4949 . -eta, Ériu vii 144.3 . -éta, RC xxvii 298.8 . Cf. ad-féad, DDána 23.32 . 1 pl. -ētom, TBC-I¹ 1235 ( LU 5709 ). 3 pl. adcotat, Wb. 6a6 . -ētat, Arch. Hib. ii 58 § 1 . pass. adcotar, Ml. 92b9 . atchotaiter (pl.), Rawl. 80a36 ( ZCP i 497.24 ), ? ad-étar, BDD² 573 (see notes). -etar, Ml. 126b19 . -etaither, Laws v 184 n. 1 . With -ro- (or change of preverb?) arcotaim, LU 10258 = atcotaim, ZCP iii 234 § 18 . ar cota , O'Curry 440 (H. 3. 18, 237a).

Subj. pres. 1 s. adcot, Ml. 60c6, 92a17 . -etur, TBC-LL¹ 155 ( Ériu xiv 88 ). 2 s. -étasa, TBFr. 164 . 3 s. adcota, Ml. 20a13 . -eta, 32d15 . 1 pl. -étam, Ériu iii 108 § 51 . 2 pl. -étid, Wb. 22d 20 . 3 pl. -état, Wb. 31b18 . pass. -étar, Ardm. 17a2 ( Thes. ii 239.3 ). Subj. impf. 1 s. do-d-chotaind(?), Ériu xii 184.8 (TE2). 3 s. adcotad, Ml. 39c5 . (má)'d-chotad, BDD² 32 . 3 pl. -etis, Ml. 107c12 (? leg. -etaitis, note). -etaitis, 130b6 . ? fétais, LU 4065 . pass. adchotatae, Ml. 100c23 . ? adchota, LU 5832 = adcotad, TBC-I¹ 1360 (for O. Ir. adcotae, note).

Fut. 3 s. -etada, Ml. 129b5 . -etfa, RC xliii 56 § 57 . 1 pl. atchotfam (rel.), RC xiii 375.9 . -etatham, Cambr. 38a ( Thes. ii 247.23 ). On the future forms see Hull, ZCP xxix 175 - 6 . pass. ? aracotar, Ml. 118d10 (see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 638 , Études Celt. xl 78 ). ? bocotáidfer, TBC-LL¹ 3749 (1 s. with depon. ending, Ériu xiv 52 ). -étastar, Trip.² 1362 . -etfathar, AFM i 478.12 . Condit. pass. s. -étaste, Ml. 43d20 . pl. -étatais, Ml. 124d9 .

Pret. 1 s. adcotadus, Ml. 44c18 . adchodadossa (rel.), Wb. 7a16 . 3 s. adcotad, Ml. 43d24 . adcotade (sic leg.?), 89c1 . ad cotedae, Ardm. 18a1 ( Thes. ii 240.23 ). adcotada, AU 869 (i 382.5) . ? atcotaidhi, Auraic. 133 . -etade, Ml. 111b20 . -étada, Sg. 50a3 . do-ēt, Ériu ii 50 § 7 . Cf. rohet, SR 1058 . roet, 7510 . níros ét , Trip.² 2663 (cf. fétaid (but see Celtica xviii 52 )). 1 pl. adchotadsam (rel.), Ml. 92c5 . adcotadsam, Tur. 97 . asincotasum (with inf. pron.), Anecd. i 41.12 . -etarsem, ii 57.12 . 3 pl. atchotatsat (with inf. pron.), Ml. 54a9 . adcotatsat, 67b10 . adcotaiset, ACL iii 18.7 . Trip.² 719 . docotaiset, Trip. ii 647 . -étatsat, Ml. 57a3 . -edaisset, RC xvii 29.18 . -etaiset, AFM i 122.z . -etsat, Ann. Conn. 1230.3 (cf. fétaid). Pass. atchotad, LU 5711 ( TBC-I¹ 1236 ). do-etad, Laws i 66.6 Comm. -etatha, Anecd. iii 61.4 . etaide, PH 8041 . ro-ēta, Arch. Hib. ii 61 § 36 . ro-étt, Hugh Roe 2.11 . -étad, IT i 74.17 . étaithi, Ériu xi 43.23 . -féta, TBC-I¹ 1583 . -heta, Hugh Roe 152.5 . at-chotas, Ériu xxxv 72 § 4 , cf. KZ xxviii 350ff , GOI § 708 . -ettus, IT iii 239.131 . -fetus, Ériu v 28.5 .

Verbal of necess. ? et, LL 246a6 . Part. éttae. Vn. 2 ét (cf. étáil?).

I

(a) gets, obtains, procures: intan adcotat aní adchobrat, Ml. 87c3a . nā tīachar secha co rētar fer rolaa id samlaid, TBC-I¹ 255 ( LU 4740 ). nech guides banscal ┐ nisneta, Ériu vii 144.3 . fer conae deis nathar . . . amail atcota riam `in the same condition that he found it before him', Laws iv 348.2 . atcotai soc[h]ell saidbres (gnomic formula), Anecd. iii 10.16 (Briathra Flainn Fína maic Ossu). atcota bith bronnud, ZCP vii 297.z . adcoda lubhra luinne, O'Cl. (lubhra). in fail naill adcota dam? which thou obtainest for me, Lat. Lives 35.15 . etá dam . . . cid bia (leg. lá) conaidchi ittrib féin is due to me (verbal of necess.), LL 246a6 . With prep. introducing person from whom something is obtained: atchotatsat fordia `they obtained it from God', Ml. 54a9 . pret. (perf). perh. in sense has (lit. has got, see Études Celt. iii 231 - 2 ): amal adidchotatsat as they have (obtained) it, Sg. 50a3 . ní conétada . . . rainn, Sg. 188a4 . coic thintuda . . . / atchotaiter for salmu there are five translations of the psalms, Rawl. 80a36 ( ZCP i 497.24 ). Note also: ` adchoda' dlighedh dleaghair, Metr. Gl. 26 § 30 . adcoda .i. rotectad nó rodamud, Stowe Gl. 5 .

(b) Of an action, concession, permission, etc. : ní ḟétas guth asa chind he could not be prevailed upon to speak, BDD² 886 . mani éta nech a ḟrepaid if no cure is available to a person, Críth G. 59 . nār étar do brath may you not be betrayed, KMMisc. 264.15 . conad feta ni dib so that nothing could be done with them (of cattle), Dinds. 142 ( RC xvi 153 ). B . . . . / 'sē do-ēt comrainn i cū[ic] discovered (invented) (of a fivefold division of Munster), Ériu ii 50 § 7 . With prep. introducing person from whom the action is obtained: ni hētar forsin trēnfir comracc frim the warrior cannot be got to fight me, TBC-I¹ 1287 ( LU 5758 ). dochostis itir a tobor ┐ sliab acht nād ētad ō Meidb but that they could not get leave from M., 894 ( LU 5370 ). ni hetus h-uaim fess ri fer díb, IT i 120.21 . ni hetas on righ acht a bas, Lism. L. 1397 . ro guid Brenaind beus. Ní etus úaide, Irish Texts i 18 § 54 .

II Hence is able, can (cf. fétaid): forcraid a chethra[e] . . . nád éta [do] reicc ar thír which he cannot sell for land, Críth G. 251 . nī ētaim . . . techt sech nechdar in dā roth, TBC-I¹ 700 ( LU 5180 ). dena gen go heda do although you cannot(?), Triads 113 v.l. Cf. ní is n-etfaitis ethra no boats could overtake it (a monster), Lism. L. 2227 .

v (*ath-com-ben-) strikes, cuts, wounds, lacerates . Later athchum(m)aid. adomchumben a dule its leaves tear me, Corm. Tr. 8. x . at[h]cuman amail rainn (leg. rind?), iterdiben amail faebar, ZCP iv 243.23 . eisce adcumann arm, O'Curry 245 ( H 3.18, 141 ) = atcuimen, 626 ( ib. 303 ); adcuimen, O'D. 868 ( H 3.17, 621 - 622 ) `a wound which a weapon inflicts', Plummer MS notes. huilliu adcumnet indate chlaidib `they wound', Ml. 77a1 . cichsit hÉrendmaig . . . atacumbat echtraind secht mbél fri firu Goedel (a prophecy), ZCP xiii 379.4 (fut. 3 pl.?). athcummaid amal rinne, LL 371a34 . athchummass cach immad, LL 243b6 , `wounds', TTr. 1981 . is bidba delg athchummas chness, LL 13802 . nóathcumad cech aén (of a demon), Lat. Lives 95.x . ? athcummai (atcumcai, v.l.) a delg, LL 14241 (rhet.) ro athchummai M. `he wounded M', TTr.² 1415 . ro cirred iarom ind lám sin ┐ ro hathchummad, LU 7995 . gur h-athc[h]umaid aighthi na mīled, ML² 1733 . ma adrochmaither , O'Curry 808 ( H 3.18, 374a (subj. pres. sg. pass.).

Part. aidchuimthe gl. cauteriatam, Wb. 28c17 .

Vn. athchumma.

v (*in-com-icc). Indic. pres. 3 s. adcumaing, Ml. 19c11 . atchomaing, 24c16 (with inf. pron.). ad-comaicc, BDD² 1475 . See GOI p. 354 . Prot. -ecmaic, -ecmaing, used in Mid. Ir. in absolute position in sense (b) below. ?Pass. ecmaiṅger, Ériu vii 6.21 = -ecmongar, 199.7 (in sense of con-icc?). ? Impf. 3 s. adcoimced, LU 7993 ( = ad-comaicc, BDD² 1528 ). adcoimged, O'Mulc. 578 ( = adcomced, Rawl. 108b 37 ). Subj. pres. 3 s. -ecm(a)i, -ecma, Wb. 5b35 , Ml. 15d5 , LU 5855 . Later adchomga, Ériu vii 168.8 . -ecmonga, ii 122 § 62 . pret. and perf. are not distinguished, the most usual form being the 3 s. ad-comnaicc with inf. pron. as verb of existence (see (b) below). Apart from this construction special pret. forms occur mainly in the sense strikes , which is not found in the vn. ecmong (see (a) below). In the other meanings the pres. is frequently used as a historic tense (cf. Études Celt. iii 232 ). pret. 3 s. ad-comnaicc ( happened ), BDD² 1478 (see note.) With depon. inflexion adh-comnaccair, 1477 . adcæmnacair, TBC-I¹ 2248 . ? ecomnechair, ZCP viii 307.25 . As s-pret. 1 s. atacomcussa, LU 9388 . 1 pl. adcomchaissem, Ériu ii 122 § 62 . -ecmaingsem, Fél. Ep. 7 ( -ecmaicsim, O'Dav. 775 ). 3 pl. adcomcisset, Wb. 4d13 . adcoimcaiset, Trip.² 1648 . at comgaisit , O'Curry 2022 ( H 4.22, 49 ).

Vn. ecmong.

There are two meanings, (a) strikes (trans.), (b) happens . As prot. -ecmaic -ecmaing and vn. ecmong are found only in sense (b), and the s-pret. (found in O. Ir. glosses) only in sense (a) there may have been two distinct compound verbs. See, however, MU² 1049 and Ériu v 242.153 cited below under (a). But sense (b) could have arisen from sense (a), where, on the other hand, a compd. of icc could have been influenced by or conflated with boingid or a compd. thereof. Treated as one vb. by Pedersen Vgl. Gr. (ii 555) and Thurn. ( GOI 354 ).

(a) strikes, cuts: adcomcisset ilbéim friss, Wb. 4d13 . atchomaing friagitofil `he struck it against A.,' Ml. 24c16 . roáil .i. adcumaing gl. inimicorum ora pulsavit, 19c10 , 11 . adcoimcaiset crandú fri scíathu, Trip.² 1648 . atascomaing for oenchlaich he slew them on the same stone, SR 5320 . atacomoṅg dooenbeim, 6920 . díbaircid dí conda-ecmaic, MU² 1049 . manid in Leuidan . . . ad-comaicc a erball do thochur in beatha, BDD² 502 . adcomaing cach fer dīb biur n-indamsa, adcomchusa a mbiursa (leg. mo biur-sa?) tria cechtarde seom, TBC-I¹ 2825 . is and atcomaic ruadan in dub themrach (.i. cloc) isin tellach, LB 260b29 = adcomaing, YBL 136a27 . co necmaing a ceand dia suidiu `shore his head from off him', Ériu v 242.153 (to be referred to (b)?).

(b) happens, chances (frequ. in O. Ir. glosses in subjunct. with neg. glossing Lat. nē: coníecmi nádnairchissa gl. ne forte nec tibi parcat, Wb. 5b35 . Ml. 15d5 , 121c13 , 122b5 . KZ xxix 372 . nad n-ecma nad benur do chend dít, LU 5855 (TBC.2 1384). mad dia n-ecma nach ceallach if any dissension arises, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, 92 § 17 . tar crich aranecmai a saíd bre ca[i]ch on which somebody's property happens to be(?), Laws i 78.18 . ad-comnaiccc (sic) corthi cloiche foa chosaib Meic C. there happened to be, BDD² 1478 . ad-cumaing an abhann ina tuinn amail robhaoi riamh, Ériu xiii 13.6 . co n-ecmaing a tul immon n-all so that his forehead struck against the cliff, LU 8934 . ecmaic aroli fer chucca, PH 929 . eacmaing Fint dia tofund happened to go hunting them, ZCP viii 105.9 . The form ecmaing, ecmaic it happens (-ed) occurs with various constructions: ecmaing is dó nach terc ní, ZCP vii 269 § 14 . adcumbec bid mairb dia mairt, xiii 376 n. 7 ( iii 462, xx 223 ). ecmaic boí a chlaideb hi farrad Fergusa, LU 5405 ( TBC-I¹ 927 ). ecmaing . . . cocualutur ni, Fél.² cxxviii 22 . ecmaing nocha n-erbert riam, Anecd. ii 69.4 . eacmaing a bhaí ana . . . do breith dolēic, ZCP xiii 172.18 (TBFr.).

With inf. pron. lit. it has happened to x (to be), hence as verb of existence, the whole group usually being tantamount to a personal pron. (see GOI 480 ): cindas persine attotchomnicc what kind of person art thou? Wb. 6b 13 . Setanta mac Sualtaim atomchomnaicse, LU 4892 ( TBC-I¹ 405 ). ardchaerich adobcomnaic-si ye are mighty sheep, Anecd. i 41.25 . na haiti rosnaltadar ┐ na dá Maine ... ┐ ata-comnaicsi fa-deisin and she herself, BDD² 106 . dogairet i[n]na h-uile Érennaig atotchomnaicc are calling thee, Trip.² 258 . ní mó na mod maccáin lee atacaemnaic, TBC-LL¹ 1632 (in dar le ni mo ina meid mic bhic boi ann, St.) ?atamchomnaic dirgitetaid mo Crist cumachtaig, LU 1152 (ACC). di glain gil atacomnaicc it is (made) of clear crystal, 2039 ( FA 11 ). atacaemhnacair osse . . . merdána, CCath. 347 v.l. laoch amra . . . Art C. atacomhnaic to wit, Hugh Roe 14.12 . In colophon: finit Dubaltach Firbisigh adomcomhnvic, Goid. 79 . Note also: atacomnaic mac laiside .i. Néde, RC xxvi 8.4 . i ndomnach adcoemnaccair Día in sássad nemda .i. in maind, Ériu ii 198.12 (cf. do-indnaig).

v Indic. pres. 1 s. atadomu `I acknowledge thee', RC xxvi 52 § 289 . atmu, TBC-I¹ 409 . addoimim, Mon. Tall. 159.26 . 2 s. -atmaisu, Acr. 10d1 ( Thes. ii 4 ). 3 s. addaim, Mon. Tall. 141.19 . at[a]im gl. confitetur, Ml. 42b26 . -ataim, ZCP xiv 381 § 44 ( Laws ii 308 ). With inf. pron. at naim, O'D. 570 ( H 3.17, 440 - 1 , O'Curry 2421 ( Eg. 88, 33(34)a ; atnoim .i. fulang, 2019 ( H 4.22, 37a ). 1 pl. atamaid, O'D. 1604 (H. 5. 15, 11a). 3 pl. ataimet, Ml. 131d16 . atndaimet (with inf. pron.), Críth G. 279 . Pass. sg. -atamar, Laws v 314.11 . adaimter, 284.30 . Ipv. 2 pl. atmaid, LU 4663 ( TBC-I¹ 201 ). Cf. 2 s. admha (from subj.), A. Ó Dálaigh xlix 9 . ?Impf. 3 s. atnóimed, Metr. Dinds. i 6.16 (leg. addomed, Gloss.).

Subj. pres. 3 s. mani atma , ZCP xiv 382 § 46 ( Laws ii 308 ). slan dineoch adamae, O'Curry 66 (H. 3. 18, 24b). 3 pl. ma[d]-damut, ZCP xiv 373 § 36 ( Laws ii 286 ). Pass. a[d]-da(i)mthur, ZCP xiv 378 § 41 (sic leg. xv 239 ). att maither, Mon. Tall. 133.2 . Perfective. 3 s. adrat(h)mae, O'Curry 65 (H. 3. 18, 24a). madrodma, SM Facs. 19a ( Laws v 384.5 . ). Cf. adrogma, iv 104.24 , adrodma, O'Curry 25 (H. 3. 18, 11a). -ardama, Ériu xii 144.12 . Pass. pl. mad rodmaiter , Laws iv 212.2 . Impf. pass. pl. adrodmaitis, O'Curry 879 (H. 3. 18, 394a).

Fut. 2 s. atom-didmae, Fél. Ep. 494 . 3 s. adndidma, Imr. Brain § 51 . In Mid. and Mod. Ir. with stem aitém-: 1 s. aideb, Leb. Gab.(i) 96.3 . 3 s. aitemha se, O'Curry 1447 (H. 3. 18, 646a). Condit. 2 s. -aidemtha, LB 141b12 . 3 s. ademad, Metr. Dinds. iii 200.14 .

Pret. 2 s. -atamar, SR 1406 . atamur, O'D. 1604 (H. 5. 15, 11a). 3 s. addámir, LU 10930 . atdámuir, 10954 . 3 pl. atamatur, TBC-I¹ 2920 . Perf. 1 s. adrodamar, Acr. 28a2 ( Thes. ii 9 ). 2 s. adro[da]marsu, 7a1 ( Thes. ii 3 ). -árdamarsu, 10c2 ( Thes. ii 4 ). 3 s. adrodamair, Trip.² 1714 . -árdámar, LU 10735 . -ardamair, 9171 . ? atramair, Leb. Gab.(i) 274.14 . 3 pl. adrodamnatar. O'Curry 69 (H. 3. 18, 25a) = Ériu i 214.6 . Pass. s. adrodat, ZCP viii 314.1 . The form atroat .i. aititnighit, O'Dav. 114 = 154 may be for adrodat (supra). Cf. also Laws i 156.26 Comm. -ardat, ZCP xv 320 § 13 . O'Dav. 1301 (see Ériu xii 200 ). adrodmad, Laws iv 100.8 Comm. (cf. O'Dav. 114 ). adrodamas .i. rodaimed, Auraic. 135 (adrodmus, v.l.).

From the mid. Ir. period on as simple verb at(a)maid, ataimid, atmaigid, with fut. stem aitém- and s-pret.. See also aitit(n)igid. IGT Verbs § 68 .

Vn. aititiu, later atmáil. Part. atmaithe.

(a) acknowledges, admits, concedes, confesses: issamlid atadaimet cia chrechtnaigthi nathir mani eple de `they recog- nize them', gl. ei admovent (sic leg.), ut pangat, colubra; cum pupugerit, si de genere sit, uiuere, si non sit, mori, Sg. 181a5 . glé lim atom-didmae `that Thou wilt acknowledge me', Fél. Ep. 494 . adndidma F. mac n-dóu `F. will acknowledge him as his own', Imr. Brain § 51 . atndaimet do thoísiuch, Críth G. 279 `they acknowledge him as leader', notes. adtaimet immac do Etarscel they acknowledge him as son of E., Ériu vi 135.58 . uair atodaimet fir h-Erend úasaib ar allud. LU 8815 ( FB 61 ). secht n-aile . . . nad usa adrodmaither a ratha sureties for which are not easily agreed upon (?), Laws v 270.14 . —gaib it láim mo fáesom . . . —atmu, ol C., LU 4896 ( TBC-I¹ 409 ). atdaim nafoeige, SM Facs. 46a `one adopts what he does not disallow', Laws iii 8.y . ma'd-rodma fine, ZCP xiv 381 § 44 ( Laws ii 308 ). atamatur a moirseiser made the like avowal, TBC-I¹ 2920 . ní árdámar A. dó (i.e. the reason for his illness), LU 10735 (TE). ni ro-ataim in topur d'fagbail `did not confess that he had found the well', RC xxiv 198.11 . pennit dib linaib . . . conidatma nechdar de, Ériu vii 158.32 . admaim mo clodh d'O. I acknowledge ny defeat by O., Fier. 72 . admhuighis ríoghan na hAlban gurab í máthair Bhranduibh do rug Aodhán, Keat. ii 6358 . cia admhas m'anamsa accepts(?), Dán Dé iv 1 . gach duine . . . admhuigheas . . . teagasg . . . Iosa Críosd `professes', Donlevy 392.23 .

(b) consents to, accedes to, grants, allows: adrodamair láim Patraic do gabail ar Choirpre allowed P. to be taken captive, Trip.² 1714 . atdámuir Mongán fobith a énech granted (a request), LU 10954 . adrodamnatar Pátraic ┐ fir Érenn . . . a buith samla[id] agreed that it should be so, Ériu i 214.6 . co nach nadmadh nech a rādh / coimes (sic leg.) aigi is Crīst so that none need allow it to be said that he is in rivalry with C. (one of the reasons why man is not permitted to know the length of his life), ZCP vii 301 § 5 . atdamam pennait forainn we are prepared to do penance Lism. L. 2166 .

(c) avows, reveals, makes known; declares: atmam `we declare', ZCP viii 272 § 63 . ni fuighthear aoinneach . . . aiteumhus nach urusa . . . who will assert, MS. Mat. 575.21 . gach comaoin . . . aideomhaidh `will declare', PBocht 25.25 . do adaimh sníomh na nedh nóir / an fedh do chóidh ó chígh chuain showed how far he had travelled, Rel. Celt. ii 226.3 . addamhat combaoi fíon . . . leó, Hugh Roe 8.8 . sul do aidéumhadh ēinpheacadh dhīobh (of confessor who is entrusted with sins of others), Parrth. Anma 2932 . Cf. atmad .i. abradh, O'Dav. 12 .