orig. part. of boingid (see Corm. Bodl. 55.13 ). For quality of -cht in inflexion see GOI § 351.

(a) Adj. o, ā poor : b.¤ gl. pauper, Ir. Gl. 1058. b.¤ .i. a nomine bot us (βρακύτης, ed.) .i. angustia , Corm. Y 175. ind aiso boicht gl. inopes . . . et pauperes, Ml. 31c1 . a richt duine boicht in the guise of a poor man, ZCP iii 34.30 . fédb b.¤ , PH 1307. im oidigecht do duine b.¤ , 7154 . a tigh a deiscibail boicht fein, Smaointe B. Chr. 1724. a D. . . . b.¤ `unfortunate D.', Stair Erc. 2432. a dhuine bhoicht ná bí díomsach miserable man, DDána 43.2 . ó Mogha neamhmbochd Núadhad, IGT Decl. ex. 110. ēdaighe bochta = poore cloathes, RSClára 7a . críoch . . . bh.¤ an bhróin (of Banbha), Keat. Poems 983. neóide bochta buidhne Dé (of the murmuring Israelites), Hackett² xxxvi 54. re gnothuighibh na beatha boichte-si `of this miserable Life', Donlevy xix 5. Of one who has taken a vow of poverty: ar riaghail .S. Clára boichte riaghalta, RSClára 53a . In the phr. béo bocht penniless, destitute : do bhí bheó bocht isin sáoghal so, Ériu xv 42.31 . gidh mór dīobh do bhī beó bocht 'though there were many of them who were destitute', Ériu lxiii 56 § 30 .

Compar. as superl. an té is boichte air bioth, Donlevy 162.5 .

(b) As subst. o, m., ā, f. d s m. b.¤ , Ml. 61a5 . g s m. boicht (with superscript i), 27d7 . a p m. bochtu, 26b19 . b.¤ m., g s. and n p. (implied) boicht, bochta, IGT Decl. § 38. b.¤ f., g s. boichte (implied), n p. bochta, § 39 . poor person, pauper ; (the) poor (in collect. sense): intain conairleci inna bochtu fo chumachtu inna sommae, Ml. 27d10 . maith . . . du denum fri bochtu gl. cura namque pauperum Dei, 129c4 . taibred ní . . . do bochtaib `to the poor', Wb. 22b7 . iura . . . dorigensat int sommai frisna bochtu, Ml. 28d7 . donaib bochtaib, 28c3 . dán ecna do gni rig do b.¤ , LL 346a35 . amal . . . bochtu, Alex. 976. is na ainm sasaim-sea bochtu ár bid Crist i persaind cech b. iressach, IT i 40.17 . atbeirthi Conn na mb.¤ fris, ar a mhéd do bhochtaibh no biathadh do ghrés, AFM i 420.4 . an b.¤ bráthar `this poor creature of a friar', Aithd. D. 70.5 . go dtáiream b.¤ id bhochtocht (to Christ), 92.6 . cuid an bhochta the poor man's portion, IGT Decl. ex. 985. 'na banboicht gan ní fa nimh, ex. 1062 . a Cill Athrachta ní ḟuil / acht athbochta ar na n-argain very poor women (?), ex. 1063 . tegar boichti, ex. 1064 . do rochtain . . . an bhoicht ┐ an tsaidhbhir, TSh. 361. in b.¤ condig ind almsain, PH 6145. biathadh leis na boicht `(Coemgen) regaled the beggars', BNnÉ 162 § 26 . na mná, na boicht, na brughaidh, / na huird is na hollumhain, DDána 63.6 . lan eini in boicht (of a measure of food for debtors while in confinement), Laws i 106.22 Comm. ro fodlad . . . in biad sin do bochtaib na cell comḟocus bai doib `the poor of the neighbouring churches', RC xxiv 64 § 26. ro ḟodail Brigit na bú do bochtaib ┐ do aidilcnechaib Dé, IT i 40.z . dho bhocht Íosa Críost, Desid. 1330.

Compd. bochtballach ( Laud 610, 21b ) ` poor-limbed (of starving men),' Plummer MS. notes.

x see 1 bot .

n o. See Pokorny ZCP xvi 405.

(a) tail: bód .i. erball, O'Cl. ro gab in ben ar but ┐ dosrenga asin crecht seized it (viz. a wolf) by the tail and drags it out of the wound, LU 7971 (BDD). tēt an fer tarat amal tēti bott tar catt, TBC-I¹ 2680 (but prob. belongs to (b); see Pokorny, ZCP xvi 278 ). ard bót fiaich ocaind, íseal b.¤ con `the raven's tail stands high with us, the hound's low' (signs of scarcity), Hib. Min. 66.13 , 14 . don bod bunnremur, barr-daingen robui aige, ZCP vi 80.32 .

(b) membrum virile: bot quasi put a puteo no fot a uerbo fotuo (futuo) no quasi pot Grec .i. a uerbo poio (ποιέω), H 3.18, 80b13 . tri hordlaighe do bhuain do bhod E. . . . d'orcar do gunna, AU iii 438.16 . triobhas buid an bhóthuir bhrealluigh, IGT Decl. ex. 667. cé beg in sen gerrfa duine éigin in bod a richt na potóigi (scribal comment prefixed to law tract), O'Gr. Cat. 113.5. bun do bhuid-si gan dóth, Eg. 88, 15a1 , cited Contribb. 242. scuir díomas as spleóid luchd chraoísach na mbód, Hard. ii 22.y . b.¤ cruaidh codad . . . co ceteora troighidh trenmiledh ina fod (of a monster), Stair Erc. 1238 , ITS Sub. xvii 25 .

n (-ó- ?) expld. as fire: b.¤ .i. tene ut dicitur b.¤ Aine ingeini Luighdech loisceas , H 3.18, 64bz. bót .i. tene. unde dicitur isin anamain cetharreich b.¤ áne hui Luigdech loisces, Corm. 8. Bót fo Breagaib (sobriquet of Fergus Caisfiaclach), RC xvii 16.2 (Tig.). Feargus Bót tar Bregaibh .i. tene tar Bregaibh, nam bót tene .i. teine tug tar Magh Bhregh gurus-loisc, Cóir Anm. 262. féil bán Buiti búadaig, Fél. Dec. 7 , glossed: . . . buti .i. tene, ut in prouerbio dicitur b.¤ fo Brega, unde dicitur hodie buittelach ubi fuit ignis magnus, p. 256, O'Dav. 265. aed ┐ tnū ┐ smēr ┐ bōtt (.i. beo-ait) ┐ tene, quinque nomina ingnis (sic), O'Mulc. 95. bod .i. teine, Lec. Gl. 297. bód .i. tine, Stowe Gl. 241. bott .i. teine, O'Cl. Cf. buitelach, buti.

n o, m. (1 bot ) bodach m., IGT Decl. § 11 (54.10) . serf; rustic, peasant: S. . . . do marbad do b.¤ ina tig fein, Ann. Conn. 1388.4 (= churle, Annals of Clonmacnoise, AFM iv 712.2 note). echtra . . . bhodaig in chóta lachtna `Carle of the Drab Coat', SG 296.7 . fomhór boduigh a churlish giant (?), IGT Decl. ex. 1277. síol an bhodaig peasant offspring, ZCP v 221.6 (Midn. Court).

n expld. as great fire : buti .i. teni, ut in prouerbio dicitur: bot fo Brega, unde dicitur buittelach ubi fuit ignis magnus, Fél. 256.32 . Cf. CGSH § 231 n. i (Lb) , O'Dav. 265 . buitelach .i. teine mhór, O'Cl. See also 2 bot , buti.

n expld. as fire : buti .i. teni, ut in prouerbio dicitur: bot fo Brega, unde dicitur buittelach ubi fuit ignis magnus , Fél. 256.32​ . buti .i. teni, CGSH § 231 n. i (Lb) . b.¤ .i. teine, O'Cl. See also 2 bot , buitelach.

pron. the one, each, everyone, all, etc. gen. cáich, later also cáig ( chách, Párl. na mB. 985 , 1038 v.l.). IGT Decl. § 64 . Takes sg. vb., in later lang. either sg. or pl. (see PH 1053 , 1426 , DDána, Aithd. D.). As antecedent of rel. clause often with prec. art. in. Note also: cith anidan ind c.¤ `though all (who bring it) be impure', Mon. Tall. 160.2 . don c[h]ach sin to each of those(?), Laws iv 196.22 Comm. Unstressed form cach (separate entry). See GOI 310 - 11 ; O'Brien, Ir. Hist. Stud. i 351 .

(a) In general sense (the) one, each one, everyone, all, all others, the rest : do Duaid sech c.¤ , Ml. 36c11 . diglae for cach, 37c21 . hua ch.¤ , 56b45 . dibochtai chaich, 61a9 . dulogaid do ch.¤ `ye forgive everyone', 65a10 . it huaisliu c.¤ gl. transcendis, 108d2 . dénum maith fri c.¤ gl. operemur bonum ad omnes, Wb. 20c17 . precept do c.¤ gl. Grecis et Barbaris, sapientibus et insipientibus debitor sum, 1b8 . a n-imdibe adchi c.¤ , 2a2 . doberat maldact in for c.¤ , 2a23 . is dílmain la c.¤ ar n-orcun-ni, 4b23 . is sain dán cáich, 5d5 . nertad ch.¤ `let him encourage everyone', 5d11 . a n-as maith la c.¤ dénad gl. unusquisque, 6b18 . taiccéra c.¤ dará chen fessin gl. unusquisque nostrum, 6b28 . ícce caích tri iriss gl. dies salutis, 15d24 . ni fiad ch.¤ gl. seorsum his . . . , 18d8 . i taig ríg amal . . . i taig cáich, gl. in ceteris omnibus, 23b9 . condid diib ro gab c.¤ deissemrecht gl. omnibus credentibus, 24c14 . nad soiriu cach `is not nobler than anyone (else)', Sg. 161b10 . cáich auuair `every man's in turn', Thes. ii 235.15 . is cāich a hūair a n-āros so, ZCP viii 312.3 . sluind dó ri cāch brēthir, beir dó ri cāch brēthir, xi 80.22 . ma fri cinta caich fadesin gabur athgabail `of the person himself', Laws ii 100.8 . amra! amra! ol c.¤ they all said, TBFr. 290 . lí súla cáich, LU 8319 ( FB 23 ). ropo thír cāich ala n-úair it belonged to others, Hail Brigit 2 . i ndíaid cāich after everyone else, BColm. 94.28 . nach síoth broide cheanglaid c.¤ , DDána 3.9 . mór do ch.¤ do chuaidh, PBocht 5.41 `much of the world', notes. c.¤ `thy foes', Aithd. D. 20.23 . nachar scríobh neach oile do c.¤ `none of the others', Keat. iii 441 . gibē ele do ch.¤ `of the rest', RSClára 134b . ní fiú éin-ní c.¤ = nihil prosunt caetera, TSh. 9402 . fear mar chach an ordinary man, Luc. Fid. 5060 , Dánta Gr. 34.24 . fonn . . . a cc.¤ eile dhá mholadh to be fond of being praised by others, Desid. 765 . arnach dechsad fo cāch inro triallsat `that it might not get about', Grail 3356 . luid L. dano cumma cháich with the rest, Fing. R. 339 . a ccumma chaigh, Hugh Roe² 10.9 .

(b) In sequence cách . . . alaile the one . . . the other, one another, each other : c.¤ fri alaile gl. inuicem, Wb. 1c1 ; 5d15 , 21d12 , 22b9 . is ball c.¤ dialailiu gl. alter altirius, 5d4 . con rochra c.¤ alaile gl. in alterutrum, 6d1 . forcanad c.¤ alaile gl. loquentes uobismet ipsís in salmis, 22c8 . ó ch.¤ dialailiu, Críth G. 9 . cotnerig cach díb diaraili rose up against each other (of three warriors), LU 8993 ( FB 74 ). With céile: natiubrad c.¤ a chéle gl. inuicem, Wb. 9d20 . celebrais c.¤ dia-cheile díb, RC iii 180.5 .

(c) With follg. prep. DI, ó in partitive sense: ní tucai c.¤ dib belrae alaili gl. nulla gens, Ml. 42c7 . cach díb i ndiad alaili gl. ut semen eius continua successione regnaret, 42b5 . c.¤ díob, Mon. Tall. 132.14 . c.¤ úaib contra alium gl. inuicem, Wb. 25a34 . tuitfidh c.¤ uaibh you will all fall, DDána 10.2 . See cach I (d).

(d) With follg. emphasizing word: cach uile, LB 132b11 . re cach etir `with the rest', Cog. 168.13 . do fen . . . ┐ do chach archena, TTebe 1500 .

(e) With follg. rel. clause he (who) (see O'Brien, loc. cit., Bergin, OIPG 208 ) everyone (who), all (who) (the sg. and distributive senses cannot in all cases be distinguished with certainty): aineclann cháich as a aí of the owner (of a mill), Críth G. 240 . bennacht for cach ó tuctha on him who has given it, Vita Br. 27 . bennacht . . . for cach donancamar, Anecd. i 11.19 ( SCano 350 ). ba calma cach isa cend `valorous was he', Ériu v 244.205 . c.¤ thanic and (in cách, v.l.) he who is there, TBC-LL¹ 5290 . In sense of everyone, all : ó ch.¤ nád fil and gl. quicunque sunt fratres, Wb. 24b30 . sech c.¤ fodglein olchene `beyond all others who learn it', Ml. 37b12 . c.¤ rodgab `every one who has sung it', Thes. ii 349.8 (Hy. ii). do-bebae do-beba . . . cāch boī cāch bias, ZCP xi 85 § 37 . mairg c.¤ roda-ortsom, Fél. Prol. 57 .

(f) With preceding article in singular sense: ni thucci in c.¤ rod chluinethar he that hears it, Wb. 12c46 (see OIPG 208 ). in cāch dosfuc do bethu, Thes. ii 316.4 (Hy. ii). menmain (accus.) iond caich dia n-aisnedtar, Mon. Tall. 127.19 . in cach ferus na fuili he who inflicts, BCrólige 58 n.1 . cosin c.¤ no charim. Fél. Ep. 50 . fo bíth . . . in cháich o tudchad, LU 3431 ( SCC 20 ). mo-ngenar do'n chach do-s-gní, PH 8423 . gach cara . . . / loiteas an c.¤ nos carond `who injures his lover', O'Hara 1270 . croidheadha an cháich léghfeas, Desid. 120 . In sense of everyone, all : in c.¤ dobeir . . . frisin c.¤ diatabir `every one' (he who ?), Sg. 188a31 . in c.¤ gl. omnis . . . qui . . . , Ml. 43a1 . ní lat in c.¤ forsa mmitter, Wb. 6b22 everyone ? (perh. he who , Bergin, OIPG 208 ). tri hiris in cháich cretes, 2b11 . for in cach is rig `against every king', Laws iv 52.12 . dígde ind caich rocradis `to beseech pardon of everyone thou hast offended', Mon. Tall. 141.25 . Pl. sense seems intended in: is foirbthe in c.¤ diaro scribad et ni ecen acairigud ref. to omnibus sanctis, Wb. 23a10 . don chach frisambí immalde de aos sruith `in regard to such elderly people as live with him', Mon. Tall. 152.23 . ag díubhrugud in cháich boí annsa tor, Cóir Anm. 146 . So also: robtar foiltigh remibh an c.¤ baoi fora ccind, Hugh Roe² 50.9 .

(g) In phr. ar ch.¤ , a ch.¤ , sa ch.¤ in general, on the whole : truagh sa ch.¤ an comhorrtha `what a sad portent', O'Hara 1588 . ? aonrāith a gc.¤ do choigleas, Butler Poems 930 `of all dwellings the one I have chosen', Gloss. Usually with comparatives indicating successive increases in the quality denoted by the adj. (Engl. bigger and bigger, the bigger): trummu á peccad ar ch.¤ nachmod formberat `their sin is heavier and heavier as they increase', Ml. 71c1 . combat foirbthiu ar ch.¤ for ṅgnímae `more and more perfect', Wb. 13d29 . ní ba messu ar ch.¤ a ngné, Metr. Dinds. ii 22.56 . is ferr a chāch it is better than ever, Bruchst. i 62 § 141 . iss messa a cach ar cach ló, IT i 121.23 ( TE 7 Eg.). ní ba mó ach.¤ óṡeo immach ever greater, Metr. Dinds. iii 46.83 . ni bot scithæ acach at all, RC xii 82 § 80 . fuaire a ch.¤ a-taoi fám chionn ever colder. Dánta Gr. 86.8 . With omission in writing of unstressed a: iss assu 'ch.¤ lind, MacCongl. 103.18 . budh truime ch.¤ ar gcodladh, Dán Dé xvii 6 . núidhe ch.¤ , PBocht 1.38 . With sa: ní mo ní lugu sa chach hí it is neither bigger nor smaller, BB 262b19 . fa ferr sa c.¤ do bi sí an uair sin féin it grew better and better from that very time, ITS xvi 56.18 . teirce sa c.¤ mo charuid, KMMisc. 358.9 . móide sa c.¤ do chuntas, A. Ó Dálaigh xl 7 . nī lugha-sa-chāch nō `not less than', Fl. Earls 70.8 . ní lughaide-sa-chāch roimeglaighset `nevertheless', 30.31 .

? teccait āigid, fācboit ail, / saigit go glain nGāidil ngil / nocha chumai cāch is cách / dia ferta-sa an fāth, a fir, ZCP xii 292.10 .

n i, f. The opposite of cétbuith. Etymologically = de-buith, only it contains one prep. more (-cét-). De- is short and the identification with dé- `two' wrong ( PH p. 632 . Contribb. s.v. ).— Dissent, discord, difference, diversity of opinion, quarrel = drochcétfaid, debuith; also like debuith of an armed conflict, a fight, acc. to O'Clery: dechédfaidh .i. cogadh ( dechéudfadh .i. cogadh, P. O'C. ); the latter sense, however, is not sufficiently supported. debaid ┐ dechétbaid: n s. is triasin scriptúir nóib...síthlaigther cech debaid ┐ cech dechétfaid, LB 251 b 14 = Trip. clxii 26 (dissent). n p. dechétfaide: cech debaid ┐ cech decetfaide, Rawl. 67 a 1 . debtha ┐ decetfaide, 68 b 1 . atrachtatar deabhtha ┐ dechétfaidhe derṁára etorra conár bot riaraig dia fflaith, Hugh Roe 32. 19 . is ar tairmthecht timna Dé tuaslaicther síth ┐ comchétfaid ina popul ┐ tódúscthar debtha ┐ decétfaide etarru, PH 4230 . —Obs.

n u, o, m. g s. always -aid. gábhadh m. (g s. -aidh), IGT Decl. § 11 . d p. gáibthib, Wb. 15d28 . Hy. vi 26 . gabthib LU 9340 . a p. gaibthi (: tánti), LL 198a30 (= gáibthe: táinte, Metr. Dinds. iii 82.71 , v.l. gaibti, gaibte. Cf. gaibti pl. of gábait, TBC-LL¹ 1901 ?). gaibthe, PH 4861 . g p. gaibthi, ZCP v 524.23 . danger, peril, stress: in gáibthib (gl. in necessitatibus), Wb. 15d28 . nírbo diūir in gābud, Hy. v 31 . ar gūasacht, ar gābud, vi 24 . Cf. PH 4861 . ronn-ain ar cech ṅgábud, Fél. Oct. 29 . Hy. v 89 . TSh. 4100 . íar mórgábud, FA 22 . gan grāin rē ńgābhadh, ML² 1303 . gabuth ... vel gaboth .i. buith i ngaib, O'Mulc. 604 . (In H 3.18, 81c s.v. gabat, the three articles 603-5 in O'Mulc. appear as one, ending ... .i. bot ingaib gabar .i. a capra .) adfét dún ní dona morgabthib rogábi, LU 9340 . mór ngaibhthi (.i. baeghail nó gúasachta), ZCP v 524.23 = mórgaibthiu, Ériu xii 154 § 19 . ag faghail gháibhti, `encountering dangers,' Duan. F. i 64.34 . fuair mor do ... dochar ┐ do ghaibhthibh mora, TTebe 27 . ar guinib, ar gāithfib (= gáibthib), ZCP x 346 § 10 . a n-uighbheam ... do ghabhthaibh, TD 13.36 . fer fuair ... gáibhthe, AFM vi 2350.19 . a n-éc do gábud na gorta, from the stress of hunger, LB 155a38 . re gabad na gealtachta with the stress of frenzy, MR 232.9 . Cf. teidhm tinnesa ┐ gabhadh ger eassláinte, AFM vi 2234.8 . g s. as attrib.: ar gach dáil ghabhuidh, ZCP x 277.13 . ger bhert gábhaid, BNnÉ 241.5 . a aichre a mbern gāboidh, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, v 93 § 30 . gur gab grinni na slega greim gaba[i]d (sic leg.) i Conan, MR 264.25 . i ngurt ghabhaidh, TD 10.29 . ?Lám Gābuid (nickname of a man who had his hand cut off), ScM. § 10 . (But see gába.) Hence the feeling caused by danger, fear (?): san oidhce do éirghedh gan gabhadh, BNnÉ i 136 § 5 . stress of necessity: dia tecmai gabud i n-agui a n-eurca if need [for them] arise at the proper time of their payment (of the seven loans that incur honour-price if not returned at the specified time), Laws v 372.12 , 13 .

n bot. the iris of gladiolus : iris .i. gloriam, RC ix 236.3 . iris .i. gloiríam, Mackinnon Cat. 19.36 . iris adhon gloriam, C IV 2 26va9 . scopa reghia ┐ hipericon .i. gloriam .i. fenel, ACL i 333 § 22 . Hogan Luibhl.

n (gorm) o, m.

(a) bot. `blue-bottle ' (= cornflower ?), Hogan Luibhl. g.¤ searraig `heart's ease, pansy,' ib. g.¤ sercach the pansy (?), 23 K 42, 420.z . (of amethyst) is derg a dath amail blath gormain tshearcaigh 'violet' Celtica ii 80 § 2 . g.¤ beg violet, Irish Texts v 7.5 .

(b) npr m. Gorman, AFM i 236.5 (an. 610) . im Gormán, 486.20 (an. 853) .

(c) npr f. Gormman ingen F., AU i 238.4 (an. 769) .

n o, m., (mael)

I A blunt or flat hillock: do na trib máelanaib Átha Luain, TBC-LL¹ 6097.

II Some kind of shoe (cf. mael-assa): dá mǽlán argit imma cossa, RC ix 490.4 ( LU 1808 ). tucsat Saxain scena etarru ┐ a mmaelanu (= in medio ficonis sui, Nenn.), LU 237 ( Todd Nenn. 102 ) = mælu, BB 211b2 .

III (Bot.) some kind of grain (or herb); awnless wheat (?) EIF 228 : na hocht n-orbaind . . . secul seruan mælan, etc., `beare', MacCongl. 99.4 . Cf. 1 mael (g). m.¤ muilche, see muilche.

IV A beacon: maelan, O'R. Poems mar mháolán ar mhullach an tsléibhe, Isaiah xxx 17. Cf. 2 mael (g).