n folad, -aid (later also fola, see below) o, n. later m.,
somet. f., see below. For suggested etym. see
Pedersen Vgl. Gr.
ii 39
; Zupitza,
KZ xxxv 267 ff
., Thurn.,
GOI § 104
. n
s.
(with art.)
a folad
,
Sg. 27a8
, cf.
Ml. 25c8
, cited below. a
s.
a foluth
,
39b8
.
a folad
,
9a14
;
b4
. g
s.
folid,
Wb. 32b3
.
Sg. 138a5
.
ind folaid
,
Ml. 22d9
.
in foluid
,
74d4
.
folaith,
Sg. 27b9
.
Bürgschaft
29 § 78
.
folith,
Mon. Tall. § 86
. n
p.
folaid,
Laws iii 54.3
(
SM
Facs. 52a
),
Laws
v 54.3
(
BB 341.44
=
folaidh,
YBL 197a34
. a
p.
folta,
Laws
v 430.3
.
Bürgschaft I § 55
;
63
. g
p. fri slond n-ilḟolad
Sg. 28b22
=
n-ilḟolod,
72b1
. In later lang. often treated
as fem.: n
s. fola, d
s. folaid (see
ZCP xv 325
;
xvi 220
,
and cf. 2 fola). n
du.
dí ḟolaid
,
PH 1766
.
According to Charles-Edwards, in the Irish law of contract the sense is (a)
wealth
, (b)
goods and services owed in virtue of a contract, (c)
consideration
, (d) the relationship of each party to a contract. Both folud and frithfolud can also mean
obligations arising from an offence,
FS Jenkins 346-47
. See Cáin Ad. 28 § 43
,
Stud. Hib. xvi 27-31
. (a)
substance, material
(`folad can hardly be rendered
by a single word. It denotes that which constitutes the
essence of a thing; in the case of words, the idea they
denote; in contracts, the objects or liabilities to which
they refer; in the case of lords and clients the essence of
their relationship
, the correct discharge of their reciprocal
obligations,' Thurneysen,
ZCP xiv 374
. See also MacNeill,
cited below under (d). In Wb and Ml used to translate
Lat. substantia in sense
substance nature, essence (both of
material and immaterial things): a folud inna doinachtae
Ml. 25c8
. du f.¤ nephchumscaigthiu `to an unchangeable
substance'
110d16
. dochum ind folaid tanaidi inna anmae
22d9
.
assin f.¤ appriscc inna colno,
Wb. 9c10
.
atat dí ḟolaid
ann .i. folad duine ┐ folad diabuil,
LB 174a13
(
PH 1766
).
is
aenḟoladh ┐ aenadbar dūn uili,
Alex. 877
. aondía ┐ aonḟoladh
ZCP viii 204.27
(cf.
Iosa Criosd ... as folaigh n-aonaonta,
Ériu xiii 18.27
).
i meit ... a folaid ┐ a n-aicnid dilis,
LU
2562
(
RC xxv 238
).
diabul ... cid ina ḟolaid diles no araile
fuath tarmchruta,
RC ii 398.2
(
Lat. Lives 97
; `in propria
substantia').
amal bedis esrainti din folaid corptai,
BB
498b37
(of the Brahmans, =
erranta ind fola
,
Alex. 923
.
erandai indo fola,
Anecd. v 5
). In material sense: dus
imbi maith a f.¤
(of testing malt)
Laws ii 242.18 Comm.
(
SM
Facs. 29b
). púdar ... arna cumusc re fliche .. a foladh
thsiltech `to liquid consistence'
O'Gr. Cat. 242.18
.
feoil ..
aga mbia f.¤ tiugh,
Rosa Angl. 42
. Cf. foladh `the thickness
or thinness of meat or drink
' hence the expression foladh
ieamhair et foladh séimh in old physic books, '
P. O'C.
a
f.¤ imarcach na lennand,
Rosa Angl. 42.25
. a f.¤ na bincindi
`in the substance of the brain'
226.15
. In loose sense:
gearr go bhfuair [lucht na Traoi] folaidh a n-uilc `the result
of their wrong-doing'
TD 18.22
(cf. 2 fola). tarngaire cen
folta promises without performances
ZCP iii 25.20
= fotla,
v.l.
folta,
Ériu vii 138
. Cf. under (c) below.
(b) in Sg used to transl. Lat. substantia =
substance,
signification (the notion
which a word, esp. a noun, stands
for, see
Thes. ii 61 n
.): gl. significatio
39b8
.
mani decamar
sainfolad cacha rainne,
26b9
. a f.¤ ┐ in chiall (= vis et significatio)
27a8
. issed a f.¤ cétnae sluinditae it is the same
substance which they express
9b5
. ni inchoisig in son a f.¤
cétne .. iar ndígbail in tinfith (gl. ut si auferatur [aspiratio]
significationis vim minuat prorsus)
9a16
. hercheilīuth
folaith definition of substance (function of a noun)
27b9
.
a f.¤ foṡuidigther fond ṡun the substance put under the word
(the notion expressed by the sound)
73b3
.
ar chuit folid
.. ar chuit suin,
138a5
. Oppd. to accidentia `accidents'
189b10
.
(c)
substance, property, wealth
(common meaning in lit.
(the exx. are not always easy to distinguish from those
under d) :
cid doratais ina tindscra? mo delg bec, or
D. Is bec ind ḟola, or cach,
YBL 118a14
(
RIA MSS. Ser.
i 174
).
tecmalla A. a folud ┐ a inmass issin less,
LL 118a3
(
Irish Texts i 34
).
cen dān cen folad (ḟolad, folaid v.l.),
ZCP
iii 449.20
(.i. cen inme R).
trian a folith do fodail do
bochtaib,
Mon. Tall. § 86
.
missi ac crábud 'sa comaid, |
tussu ic éirge ra folaid,
LL 300b17
(
SG 371.16
. perh. 2 fola:
rising with a grudge, in anger ?). cisne folaid tra rotbiat-sa
uainne ? (= what return shall we make you),
Anecd. i 41.22
.
co foltaib máine ┐ tíre,
42.4
. Cf.
as i falaidh bia do ann |
nem is talamh uaidh da chiond,
ZCP x 24.7
.
folaid cruidh
no bethamnais,
Laws ii 338.25 Comm.
(
SM Facs. 38b
: fol-.
The text is: nach an be do ḟolaid cena, where Thurn. reads
... be doḟolaid,
ZCP xiv 392
). bid commaithi a folaid fri
himscarad doib (of separation of wedded couple)
Laws
ii 388
(
SM
Facs. 43b
;
Stud. in E. Ir. Law 54
).
tecor folad mbritheman,
CIH ii 402.7
.
.i. da tecarthar ni da folud cruid on brithemain,
CIH ii 402.12
.
aisecc a ḟola ┐ a dhuithche dá gach aon,
AFM vi 2334z
(`his
blood and territory' O'Don.).
ag buain a bhfola ┐ a bhfearainn díbh go foiréigneach,
Miscell. Celt. Soc. 177.22
(
Caithr. Thoirdh. 2.32
). Esp. of cattle and stock
(cf. foladha .i.
spréidh no áirnéis cattle
P. O'C.
):
folod sechta lais—.vii.
mbaí ... | .vii. muca ..., .vii. caírig ...,
Críth G. 89
(=
Laws
iv 304
). cf.
Críth G.
432
.
soīre ecalsi Dé cona muintir ... ┐ a n-ule
folud beudu ┐ marbdu,
Cáin Ad. 34
.
dlighidh ... bōthar do
uisge, cona ḟolaidh,
Ériu xiii 33.21
.
can tucsaid a folaidh
(= folad,
LU 5793
) whence have you brought the kine ?
TBC-I¹
1321
(=
can doberid in n-alaid ?,
TBC-LL¹ 2030
).
can tucsait hi foluidh cruidh,
TBC(C) 613
. a mbad seisc
dind ḟolud the cows that were without milk
TBC-I¹ 1128
(=
LU
5608
). berar 'n-as blichta dond alaid dó those of the cows
that are in milk
TBC-LL¹ 1695
= don folaidh St.
co foladaib ┐
indilib Cuailṅgi,
TBC-I¹ 902
(=
folodaib,
LU 5378
).
co n-acotar in tain folaid issan gort,
ZCP iii 228 § 3
.
foladh bó
dicitur
,
Cóir Anm. 108
(fanciful derivation of sobriquet
Finnolaidh), cf.
oladh ainm do bhoin,
Keat. ii 3680
. Cf.
mad cētchin [cech cin; eccin MSS]
dono a foluth no dona
muccaib ...,
Cáin Ad. 42
.
(d) in Laws, the pl. folaid is `a frequent term for the
means, material or otherwise, by which a person sustains
his functions or liabilities' (MacNeill,
MacNeill, Law of status 275
n. 2
, cf. Thurn., cited above):
a teasband de foltaib caich,
teasbaid dia cataid,
Laws
v 70.9
(`what is wanting from each
man's means is wanting from his dignity' MacNeill op. cit.
MacNeill, Law of status
275
).
ar indí crenas in fer túaithe dia dagḟoltaibh hi túaith
co n-árimther inna grá[d] téchtu i mbí i túaith,
Críth G. 2
(
Laws iv 298
) i.e. the member of a tuath purchases by
his means his due rank in the tuath. Cf. ma ḟoi bera f.¤
(MS. foled) a thige co mbi f.¤ mbóairech should the property
of his house increase until it becomes [equal to] the property
of a boaire
Críth G.
81
(
Laws
iv 304.3
).
(e) in Laws also used to denote, of contracts, the objects
or undertakings to which they refer; of lords and clients,
that which constitutes their mutual relation, their correct
conduct towards each other in their respective capacities
,
Thurneysen
ZCP xiv 374
; Cf.
Stud. in E. Ir. Law 110
. Similarly
of the `fine' towards its members:
ni coir nach cor cen
lanfolad .i. folad lanloigi,
23 Q 6, 34b
(
O'Curry 1757
). cach
cor cunu foltuib, cach fola(i)dh cunu frithfolai `an jedem
Vertrag mit seinen Objekten, an jedem Objekt mit seinen
Gegenwerten'
ZCP xiv 373 § 36
(
Laws ii 286
). cach fola (.i. in set turclaidhe)
SM Facs. 34a
.
na folada
chuir ┐ conartha,
H 3.18, 482b y Comm
. (
O'Curry 1208
).
is
dileas cor cid gan folaid,
23 P 3, 23 (21)b
.
cor comair is
ruidles ... ┐ dligthir a folaid o dib leithib,
ZCP xiii 21.24
(
Bürgschaft § 19
). Cf. do fet focra folad .i. as remtechtai
lium foccra ... do tabairt fair anas fola athgabhala do
gabhail de 23 P 3 (
O'Curry 1874
). ite folaid fír flaitheman ...
for a tuatha the obligations which a just ruler has to his people
Laws iv 334.10
=
Críth G. 525
(`the sustaining means of a
true ruler over his tuatha' Mac Neill,
MacNeill, Law of status 303
,
does not suit the context). Cf.
nenaisc Corpre ... for
Dergthene ... folta dar esi flatha,
Ériu vi 149.61
(see
ZCP
xi 32
). is da foltaib fine gaire cach fir fine fogne fine ina
foltaib coiraib. folaid cōre fri fine cen ni cria neach acht
ni ria, etc.
`proper duties towards'
Laws
iii 54.3
(
SM Facs. 52a
).
tir do beir i coibche mna ... nad urnaigead a folta coire
Laws
v 510.6
.
ni saigh naidhm folta for feichemain,
ZCP xiii
22.18
(see transl. and comm.
Bürgschaft § 27
). iccaidtar
frisin flaith ... ma beith ina foltaib coirib if he has duly
performed his obligations as chief
Laws ii 326.3
(
ZCP xiv
388
). ma fris-rognaither flaith foltaib `if the [proper]
services have been rendered to the chief'
Laws
ii 318.9
(
ZCP xiv 385
;
cf. the note on flaith foltaib'
xvi 210
). mad maithi a
folaid (.i. im lubair ┐ im tech n-aidhedh ┐ im fochled ngrad)
Laws
v 54.3
(
BB 341a44
). is óg lōg ainech cech grāid ... mani
aurcriat a folaid `the honorprice of every grade ... is perfect,
unless their qualifications diminish' [i.e. by dishonorable
acts on their part]
Laws iv 318.20
(
Críth G. 303
). gabait
ma folta condoragbu a frith[ḟ]olta [they] `affect his property
till his counter-qualifications are regained'
Laws v 178.15
Comm.
(see frithfolud).
ni théid ḟoluigh na friothfolaigh
cāin n-einech,
Ériu xiii 14.14
.
filidh ad-ógha [leg. = ada
ógha ?] fireona folaidh,
18.8
. óighe a bḟolagh ib.
3
. (of
bards :)
... go tabair saoire dhoibh la. honngus, ┐ a ffolta ar
chena,
44.4
. mád ógha a bfolaidh fria tuaith, ┐ eagluis
32.19
.
fosernar saorḟolta,
22.28
. mac go sesaibh saorfolta
ib.
27
.
tir aduberar do eaclais ... nad oide folta ata cōire
fri hubairt (.i. nocu comoigenn-si na folaid is cōir dī risin
tī tuc udbairt),
Laws v 430.3 (10)
. Cf. folta coire;
folta
techta,
Stud. in E. Ir. Law 110
(
Laws v 510
).
ce cuintestar lánḟolaigh
gusna filedhaibh. ni mó dleghar dhoibh ionas dona
gradhoibh eagalsa ┐ dona gradhaibh flatha ┐ dona Fénibh
...,
Ériu xiii 19.11
.
tar flatha firḟolta,
ZCP xi 95 § 47
. conóiged
dliged téchta cech ḟir ... foltaib fíraib do thúathaib ata lais
cintaib láime (duty of a king)
Tec. Corm. § 2.24
.
ni ba ri
ri gan folaidh,
Ériu xiii 31.14
.
trebairi cen folad,
O'Curry 511
(
H 3.18, 259
). folaid [folta v.l.] chutrummae equal objects
(in a contract i.e. adequate consideration on each side,
oppd. to `diubart'
Tec. Corm. § 3.32
). Cf.
bid cert im
chotomus folad,
Cóic Con. 19 § 11
=
50 § 100
. nach
forbech bis la ríg Ciarraige do righ Locha Léin fācabar la
Ciarraigi ┐ la rig ┐ is hoén inna foltaib ō rīg Locha L. (i.e.
the king of L.L. is under the same obligations towards the
king of C. ?)
ZCP viii 316.15
.
intan nomber ri C. a giall do
rí[g] Locha L. dober dano rí Locha L. a giall do rí[g] C.
fria folta tecti,
316.17
. mad togu .. la C. a ndul co rig L.
conaimsa folaith doib .i. rechtaire huadaib la rig L. ┐ iiii
lanamna, etc. if the C. prefer to join the king of L. considerations have been established for them, viz. etc. ib.
316.8
. Cf.
flaith na folad,
Metr. Dinds. iii 102 (v 256)
. Of an article
borrowed for a definite period:
mana tairi dia ind laithe
airchinn sin atrire cen folaid n-airligthe,
Laws v 370.14
Comm.
f.¤ lóige price equivalent, price
; f.¤ cinad what is
payable in reparation for crimes (of trespass etc.):
ni
tabur caithe tire ... ar do-baidet a fochraic a folta (duine
ro recustar fearand ann sin ┐ is i fola loigi do-ratadh do
dia chind, beith fo cintaib ┐ ... dibaigid in decreic loigi
do-ratadh dia chind in folad cinad dleagar de),
ZCP xvi
220
. Cf.
nirbo ferr ind fola oldas fochraic in tire,
Caratnia
§ 16
. fer bis fri folta chinaid fine who is liable for the
crime-reparations of a `fine'
Laws ii 126.13 Comm.
(- fol-
H 3.18, 378a
). in fil folta innā sesed in feichem for araile
... ? fil ēcin. caide ? ni anse : toing do Dia, etc.,
Bürgschaft
I § 55
; similarly
§ 56
.
(f)
equivalent, consideration; reason, cause: a sense arising
out of preceding (cf. 2 fola) : int slabra dobeir don mac
tar folaid (fol- MS.) na gaire do denam `in consideration of
his doing the duties of maintaining the old'
Laws ii 364.21
Comm.
(expl. of `macslabra gaire,' cf.
is ruidles ..
macslabra dar folaid,
iii 310.7
, and see
iii 54
cited above
under e). Here, perh.: ar Christ coem tar folaid immeasurably noble
Fél. Ap. 10 (p. 471)
.
is cath écoir duitsiu in
cath sin do thabairt do rig Muman i folaid a ingine is
marb accut,
Acall. 3019
.
raghaidh láoidh na haghuidh
uaim | a bfalaidh áoir I Annlúain,
Book of O'Conor Don
13a
. ro hainmniged son dono cid asa lucc cetharda (a
folad cethardai, Harl.) for a fourfold reason
Hib. Min.
14.459
.
In:
di chumoil dí chos ar formteacht ┐ folad,
H 3.18, 17a
(
Laws iv 362.3
: `two cumhals for the leg, for walking and
supporting' the correct reading is evidently `folach' or
`fulach,' which is translated). ? fir foluith (in list of persons
who become accessories to crime)
ZCP xii 361.25
(
H 3.18,
8a
); leg. fola as in
Irish Texts iv. 15 § 9
,
§ 10
?
See anfolad, (anblod), frithfolud, mifolad, and cf. 2
fola.