n ā, f. (abcóite). Also adbacóitecht. advocacy: breitheamhnas, adhbhacōideachd, Mac Aingil 1772 . do dhol ar deis th'Athar d'abhcōideachd ar mo shon, 644 . ag dispōirecht ┐ apcōideacht, Fl. Earls 216.24 .

v , (*ad(in)-com-ta-) prot. stem ét- (*in-ta); cf. incotar, O'Dav. 510 . Irregular verb with redupl. future, redupl. s-pret., and without distinction of form between indic. and subj. (except in 1 s.) or between pret. and perf. See GOI (in particular §§ 544 , 680 , 708 ), Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 638 , Études Celt. iii 231-2 . Later fétaid, q.v. IGT Verbs § 60 .

Indic. pres. 1 s. atchotaim, Irish Texts i 8 § 25 . -etaim, LU 6217 . 2 s. (m)atumchotaise, LU 10872 (TE2, Ériu xii 182 ). -ētai, Sc.M² 14 . 3 s. atchota, LU 10267 . ? ba chota-sum , CRR 54.10 (`he obtained'). atcotand, PH 4949 . -eta, Ériu vii 144.3 . -éta, RC xxvii 298.8 . Cf. ad-féad, DDána 23.32 . 1 pl. -ētom, TBC-I¹ 1235 ( LU 5709 ). 3 pl. adcotat, Wb. 6a6 . -ētat, Arch. Hib. ii 58 § 1 . pass. adcotar, Ml. 92b9 . atchotaiter (pl.), Rawl. 80a36 ( ZCP i 497.24 ), ? ad-étar, BDD² 573 (see notes). -etar, Ml. 126b19 . -etaither, Laws v 184 n. 1 . With -ro- (or change of preverb?) arcotaim, LU 10258 = atcotaim, ZCP iii 234 § 18 . ar cota , O'Curry 440 (H. 3. 18, 237a).

Subj. pres. 1 s. adcot, Ml. 60c6, 92a17 . -etur, TBC-LL¹ 155 ( Ériu xiv 88 ). 2 s. -étasa, TBFr. 164 . 3 s. adcota, Ml. 20a13 . -eta, 32d15 . 1 pl. -étam, Ériu iii 108 § 51 . 2 pl. -étid, Wb. 22d 20 . 3 pl. -état, Wb. 31b18 . pass. -étar, Ardm. 17a2 ( Thes. ii 239.3 ). Subj. impf. 1 s. do-d-chotaind(?), Ériu xii 184.8 (TE2). 3 s. adcotad, Ml. 39c5 . (má)'d-chotad, BDD² 32 . 3 pl. -etis, Ml. 107c12 (? leg. -etaitis, note). -etaitis, 130b6 . ? fétais, LU 4065 . pass. adchotatae, Ml. 100c23 . ? adchota, LU 5832 = adcotad, TBC-I¹ 1360 (for O. Ir. adcotae, note).

Fut. 3 s. -etada, Ml. 129b5 . -etfa, RC xliii 56 § 57 . 1 pl. atchotfam (rel.), RC xiii 375.9 . -etatham, Cambr. 38a ( Thes. ii 247.23 ). On the future forms see Hull, ZCP xxix 175 - 6 . pass. ? aracotar, Ml. 118d10 (see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 638 , Études Celt. xl 78 ). ? bocotáidfer, TBC-LL¹ 3749 (1 s. with depon. ending, Ériu xiv 52 ). -étastar, Trip.² 1362 . -etfathar, AFM i 478.12 . Condit. pass. s. -étaste, Ml. 43d20 . pl. -étatais, Ml. 124d9 .

Pret. 1 s. adcotadus, Ml. 44c18 . adchodadossa (rel.), Wb. 7a16 . 3 s. adcotad, Ml. 43d24 . adcotade (sic leg.?), 89c1 . ad cotedae, Ardm. 18a1 ( Thes. ii 240.23 ). adcotada, AU 869 (i 382.5) . ? atcotaidhi, Auraic. 133 . -etade, Ml. 111b20 . -étada, Sg. 50a3 . do-ēt, Ériu ii 50 § 7 . Cf. rohet, SR 1058 . roet, 7510 . níros ét , Trip.² 2663 (cf. fétaid (but see Celtica xviii 52 )). 1 pl. adchotadsam (rel.), Ml. 92c5 . adcotadsam, Tur. 97 . asincotasum (with inf. pron.), Anecd. i 41.12 . -etarsem, ii 57.12 . 3 pl. atchotatsat (with inf. pron.), Ml. 54a9 . adcotatsat, 67b10 . adcotaiset, ACL iii 18.7 . Trip.² 719 . docotaiset, Trip. ii 647 . -étatsat, Ml. 57a3 . -edaisset, RC xvii 29.18 . -etaiset, AFM i 122.z . -etsat, Ann. Conn. 1230.3 (cf. fétaid). Pass. atchotad, LU 5711 ( TBC-I¹ 1236 ). do-etad, Laws i 66.6 Comm. -etatha, Anecd. iii 61.4 . etaide, PH 8041 . ro-ēta, Arch. Hib. ii 61 § 36 . ro-étt, Hugh Roe 2.11 . -étad, IT i 74.17 . étaithi, Ériu xi 43.23 . -féta, TBC-I¹ 1583 . -heta, Hugh Roe 152.5 . at-chotas, Ériu xxxv 72 § 4 , cf. KZ xxviii 350ff , GOI § 708 . -ettus, IT iii 239.131 . -fetus, Ériu v 28.5 .

Verbal of necess. ? et, LL 246a6 . Part. éttae. Vn. 2 ét (cf. étáil?).

I

(a) gets, obtains, procures: intan adcotat aní adchobrat, Ml. 87c3a . nā tīachar secha co rētar fer rolaa id samlaid, TBC-I¹ 255 ( LU 4740 ). nech guides banscal ┐ nisneta, Ériu vii 144.3 . fer conae deis nathar . . . amail atcota riam `in the same condition that he found it before him', Laws iv 348.2 . atcotai soc[h]ell saidbres (gnomic formula), Anecd. iii 10.16 (Briathra Flainn Fína maic Ossu). atcota bith bronnud, ZCP vii 297.z . adcoda lubhra luinne, O'Cl. (lubhra). in fail naill adcota dam? which thou obtainest for me, Lat. Lives 35.15 . etá dam . . . cid bia (leg. lá) conaidchi ittrib féin is due to me (verbal of necess.), LL 246a6 . With prep. introducing person from whom something is obtained: atchotatsat fordia `they obtained it from God', Ml. 54a9 . pret. (perf). perh. in sense has (lit. has got, see Études Celt. iii 231 - 2 ): amal adidchotatsat as they have (obtained) it, Sg. 50a3 . ní conétada . . . rainn, Sg. 188a4 . coic thintuda . . . / atchotaiter for salmu there are five translations of the psalms, Rawl. 80a36 ( ZCP i 497.24 ). Note also: ` adchoda' dlighedh dleaghair, Metr. Gl. 26 § 30 . adcoda .i. rotectad nó rodamud, Stowe Gl. 5 .

(b) Of an action, concession, permission, etc. : ní ḟétas guth asa chind he could not be prevailed upon to speak, BDD² 886 . mani éta nech a ḟrepaid if no cure is available to a person, Críth G. 59 . nār étar do brath may you not be betrayed, KMMisc. 264.15 . conad feta ni dib so that nothing could be done with them (of cattle), Dinds. 142 ( RC xvi 153 ). B . . . . / 'sē do-ēt comrainn i cū[ic] discovered (invented) (of a fivefold division of Munster), Ériu ii 50 § 7 . With prep. introducing person from whom the action is obtained: ni hētar forsin trēnfir comracc frim the warrior cannot be got to fight me, TBC-I¹ 1287 ( LU 5758 ). dochostis itir a tobor ┐ sliab acht nād ētad ō Meidb but that they could not get leave from M., 894 ( LU 5370 ). ni hetus h-uaim fess ri fer díb, IT i 120.21 . ni hetas on righ acht a bas, Lism. L. 1397 . ro guid Brenaind beus. Ní etus úaide, Irish Texts i 18 § 54 .

II Hence is able, can (cf. fétaid): forcraid a chethra[e] . . . nád éta [do] reicc ar thír which he cannot sell for land, Críth G. 251 . nī ētaim . . . techt sech nechdar in dā roth, TBC-I¹ 700 ( LU 5180 ). dena gen go heda do although you cannot(?), Triads 113 v.l. Cf. ní is n-etfaitis ethra no boats could overtake it (a monster), Lism. L. 2227 .

n o and u, m. a s. ag, SR 4814 . an t-agh , Feis Tighe Chonáin 1811 . g s. ind áig , LU 2812 . inn ága , TBC-LL¹ 3056 . d s. ág, Wb. 25a3 . g p. na n-ag (: Colmán), Rawl. 163a6 . d p. ágaib, SR 4688 . ágh m. IGT Decl. § 38 , § 96 .

(a) fight, battle, contest: cen á.¤ n-ergarb, SR 2014 . ic mórad chath ┐ chongal ┐ áig, MU² 11 . do diogail a aigh et a irgla ar in Donn C., TBC-LL¹ 6175 . nā hinguib nā hindsaig ágh do not avoid or seek strife, ZCP vi 272 § 10 . gan rún troda gan triall n-áigh, TD 26.40 . a haithle an ágha, 10.42 . fir marbha d'athghuin san ágh, IGT Decl. ex. 1115 . Dia Domhnaig déis an ágha / bhearfas Dia breith an bhrátha Armageddon(?), Celt. Rev. x 133.22 . ollband ága mebaid / for Domnall mac Aeda, LL 182b48 ( Arch. Hib. ii 60 § 22 ). do mhnaoi do cinneadh d'agh é was doomed to strife because of a woman (of Troy), DDána 119.23 . tar cheann a bhreith d'aitheas áidh / le Feardiadh, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 374.9 . ar luas a n-ádh nó a n-égin, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 372.19 . samhail síl Anmchadha an áigh, DDána 85.35 . ?saig brot n-áig forsan echraid, MU² 253 . ro claitti a n-uaga ága soldiers' graves, Metr. Dinds. iv 342.4 . Fig. in phr. referring to warriors: imscarad da aidlen áig na Asia, LL 243b26 ( TTr. 1997 ). da rind aga ┐ urlaimi, Cog. 56.24 . rinn áigh caithfhréimhe Ó gCuinn, DDána 79.21 .

(b) prowess, valour: a á.¤ a gal a gaisced, LU 8449 ( FB 30 ). hUa A. . . . is a h-agh ┐ echt . . . indister ann so, MR 100.1 . d'úaisli ┐ d'āgh ┐ d'orbert, ZCP viii 111.12 . méaraidh m'fheidhm ┐ m'ágh, ML 100.17 . int aenduine . . . roba mo ag ┐ engnam, Ann. Conn. 1306.2 . drong F. nar bh' olc n-áigh, DDána 90.11 . rem n-aga (cheville), LU 3602 ( SCC § 30 ).

n m. aighen (oighean, v.l.) m. IGT Decl. § 53 . ?aigheann f. § 12 . cooking-vessel, pan: patena .i. oighen, Ir. Gl. 86 . a.¤ .i. ōgḟæn, amail bid lethnaigthe (lethnuge MS.), Corm. Y 55 . in aignib gl. in patellis, Sg. 92b3 . mac aighin a spoon-fed child, Laws ii 176.20 Comm. in t-a.¤ bellethan, i 134.2 Comm. mina thi asind iurn in aighin (of a pot used for making pottage), Lism. L. 302.28 . crem oghin cremium in sartagine, Aisl. Tond. 97.5 . dorat Dia tri hedburta roptar ferr do Ciaran .i. coiri deis a aighin (where Lat. has sartago, Plummer MS notes), Lism. L. 4275 . for foessam duit in[d] aigin lán do crāibechān (in a comic blessing, where it comes after `coire'), MacCongl. 83.7 . na rucc uaind fri gainim ngarg / acht agen ardd . . ., ZCP iii 222.16 . la corran ind again (in aigin v.l.) úair, 18 . a.¤ ┐ biel leó, Ériu i 44.3 . baoí oighén . . . ag dénomh leanna, AFM iv 788.7 . aighin urgnamha `cooking utensils', v 1750.6 . adhan (aghan, v.l.) . . . crocán ceangail ná cnagaire, Ó Bruad. ii 234 xxxi . fághbais an fheoil 's an aighean, Aithd. D. 75.14 . oigheann, 2 Samuel xiii 9 . na hoighne teineadh, Exodus xxxviii 3 . annsan oighean friala, Levit. ii 7 . aighne is greidle gallchloch, Studies 1920. 417.35 . As n.pr. Aighen mac Angabhann, Anecd. ii 55 § 17 .

n (see déis ): rorog fóir fri firsuide / Goscen na ṅglangrés cach dú / foirb narb amdēs do cherdu `land that was no mean holding for a craftsman', Metr. Dinds. iv 318.8 (leg. -gres, amdes?). Cf. aindeis.

n Form and inflection variable. (i) n s. ainces, Ériu v 94.24 . aingcess, LU 8215 . a s. ainces, Trip.² 172 . g s. Aṅgciss (n.pr.) (: riss), LL 3281 , (: geiss, 3353 ). n p. aingcessa, LU 10831 = ainchesa, Ériu xii 178 § 9 (TE2.) (see below). a p. aincesa, Laws v 352.20 . angcessa, Ériu i 218 § 3 . (ii) n s. aincis, LU 6144 ( TBC-I¹ 1657 ). aṅceiss, RC xiii 446 § 27 . ingcis, Ériu iv 54 § 25 . an aingcis , TSh. 3303 . a s. aiṅgciss, TBC-I¹ 263 ( aingcess, LU 4754 ). ainciss, Metr. Dinds. iv 242.30 . aṅceiss, ZCP xi 83 § 28 . g s. aingcisi, BNnÉ 128.27 . angcisi, 126.33 . n p. aṅgcissi, LL 3366 . (iii) ainches (perh. separate word, cf. ceis f. = ceist, Contribb. p. xxvi s.v. cesach) a s. ainchios, A IV 1, 98.10 . d s. ainches, Ériu xii 186 § 18 (TE2). n p. ánchesa, 178 § 6 (ib.). d p. anchesuib, Laws ii 66.15 .

(a) pain, ailment, complaint: ní no ícad a ances (: les), LU 4292 . a nol meda dí dobreth / nī bo ances cech thucai `'twas no hurt whoever gave it', Thes. ii 347.4 (Hy. v) .i. ni bu domain, 348.26 . cethri . . . cen tedmann cen aṅceiss (aṅces foraib, v.l.), ZCP xi 83 § 28 . forithin gach angcisi etar dáoinibh ┐ cethraibh, BNnÉ 126.33 . ós siabhradh meallta meise / gan súil éirghe ón aincis-se, Dánta Gr. 47.58 . tréde neimthigedar liaig: dígallræ, díainme, comchissi cen ainchiss (ainces, v.l.) `a painless examination', Triads 119 (? or under (c) infra, certain diagnosis). Frequ. in association with galar: ro ícc cech ngalar ┐ cech n-a.¤ , Trip.² 172 . is ed fotera galar ┐ angcessa forsna clanna, Ériu i 218 § 3 . gallra ┐ aincesa, Laws v 352.20 . Note also: [fer] . . . don fainicc galar nainches, an unknown disease(?), RC iii 344.20 ( n-ainchis, Aisl. Óeng. 47 § 4 ); ?leg. galar ┐ ainces (but cf. (c) infra). saíba ┐ mortlada, ┐ gallra, ancessa for tuatha, ZCP xi 89 § 18 . Cf. galar .i. gnáthach ┐ aincis .i. ingnathach, O'Dav. 1049 . a sore: gerr ┐ loisg an aingcis 'cut and burn the sore' Celtica ii 34 § 8 .

(b) difficulty, trouble, vexation, annoyance: bid aingcess la Ultu in dal so do gleód it will be impossible, LU 8215 ( FB 16 ). ba aincis mór lei an ro bíth leis día slógaib she was greatly disturbed, 6144 (TBC). ba aingcess laiss in dál dodfánic he was perplexed about the matter, 8774 ( FB 58 ). is torcda . . . no taí frim mor decrai ┐ mór aingcessa do thabairt form, 10831 = mórdhecrai ┐ mórainchesa `to lay such hardship and infliction upon me', Ériu xii 178 § 9 (TE2.). iarsain imsaitis for deis / cen sil n-úabair na haincceiss, SR 1126 . noco tucad cucci ríam aṅceiss bud doilgiu leo `a more grievous annoyance', RC xiii 446 § 27 . cach aincis tar a racha a furtacht . . . dó, Acall. 6778 . agh ┐ accais ┐ aingces, LL 404b24 . ní ruirmiu . . . a tainic de ancessaib Eireann, AFM ii 600.17 . aingcis .i. mallachd, O'Cl. Fig. Of persons etc.: o 'tcuala . . . in n-ainceis sin (i.e. Antaeus) icc indredh na hAffraicci, CCath. 2920 . na hamaiti ┐ na haincisi atá ac milliud in tiri, Acall. 6767 . Of weather: bile Tortan trom a ḟúaim / fri hainciss síne rorúaid, Metr. Dinds. iv 242.30 . ro ferastur tromsneachta mor ┐ aincis ḟuardachta ar in cóiced, Acall. 3508 .

(c) doubt, difficulty, perplexity (frequ. ainches in this meaning): cid dogenaidh . . . don ainches doforfainicc `what will you do because of the doubt that has come upon you?' Ériu xii 186 § 18 (TE2.). do ceist ┐ do ances for Senchān in scēl sin S. was perplexed and uncertain about that story (the Táin), ACL iii 4.18 . fer dana . . . do ná bi ces na a.¤ i gcetheoruibh rannuibh fis filidhechta, Ériu xiii 18.10 ; cf. O'Dav. 409 : ces .i. gnáthach, a.¤ .i. ingnáthach [ut est] dí na bí ces na a.¤ i cetheoraib randaib fesa na filidechta (so in etymol. gloss on éces: .i. dona bi ces na ha.¤ do fhastodh fair, Laws iv 358.1 Comm. ēces .i. ēcmachtces .i. ēcmacht a ches d[o] airiuc i cetheora rannaib fis filidechta, Corm. Y 538 ). innis sgéala gan aincheas / nách beam i n-ainbhfeas umad, TD 38.1 . In phrases: atá i n-a.¤ x is in doubt about x: gibé rabh . . . / i n-aincheas bhar n-urfhoghaill `in doubt of thy speech' (i.e. of its meaning), Studies 1921, 74 § 7 . an chúis do cuireadh 'n-a leith . . . do bhí i n-aincheas a hinnill, DDána 63.14 . atá x ina a.¤ for y y does not know about x: sin do bheith 'na aincheas ort that you should not know that, Desid. 259 . ní feas ní 'n-a aincheas orra / d'ailcheas rolla ríghleabhar, DDána 122.16 . bíodh nach raibh orra aincheas `though they were not ignorant', Content. xv 39 . na seinleabhair do léughadh (ni nach bfuil 'na aincheas ar eolchaibh), RC iv 355.12 . fios ionaid an eiseirge / do bí orra 'na ainffios (aincheas, ainchios v.ll.), BNnÉ 198 § 30 .

(d) Legal difficult case or decision: cidh i fis, cid i nanfis, cidh i na.¤ [ro loisced], O'Curry 1168 ( H 3.18, 464a ). Here the `ainces' refers to an act which is not justified but is almost a necessary consequence or condition of one which is justified i.e., a man entitled to slay another has to burn his house to effect it but this he was not entitled to do, Plummer MS notes. lan-fiach . . . a fis, leth fiach i n-anfis ┐ cethraime a n-ances, Laws v 162.2 Comm. cach ninndligidh athgabala acht nimid ime (leg. mini dime) dethbere do ainfis no aincheas, ii 48.12 .i. nocha caoemnucuir gan na neche sin do dénum co inndligthuch, 50.3 Comm. leath fiach cach ainfis . . . ceathruma cach a.¤ , 52.26 . muna fuilet seoit acu [is] ances athgabhala do riagail riu, i 108.10 Comm. nocha racha in athgabail i llobadh dia rabat na deithbir(s)e so air .i. anfis, no ances, no econnus, no etged, 102.22 Comm. di anchesuibh athgabala, ii 66.15 . ma forae neach cinuid [i] nainceas no etghe, iii 66.15 . in t-aidni frisnindli breth .i. noco n-uil acht glanadh ┐ cinnedh luig (= luic, O'Curry 323 from H 3.18, 178a ) ┐ aincesa atarru ┐ in t-ollam, v 100.23 Comm. is tré erchóiliud foillsighter aincesa in betha it is though legal prouncements that the difficulties of the world are made clear, O'Dav. 812 . breth im ancesa tuath, O'D. 1573 (H. 5.15, 5b). lia do fír . . . [f]ri aiṅcessa (ancesa, anchesa v.ll.) mara .i. frisinni is anfis do neoch, forna-fagabthar breth acht fir ṅDe in cases of great perplexity, Cóic Con. 16 § 3 (see p. 64). ainceas a nendac echtrand itir manchu cille, O'Curry 986 ( H 3.18, 424a ). ? is hé . . . ba rí for Mume intan dobreth arances mbrethe alLeith Cuind co Mumain, Fianaig. 30.24 . a.¤ quasi anceps .i. aincid a fis ort, Corm. Y 89 . anches . . . .i. cuntabairt, O'Mulc. 45 .

As n.pr. Ibar macc nAṅgciss , LL 3281 .

n k, m. (orig. io, Pokorny, Celtica iii 308 , citing the n.pr. Lóigaire and d p. airib, AU i 394.10 ). In pl. indistinguishable from 1 airech, to which some exx. included here could belong. See Thurn., ZCP xx 353ff. and LEIA `In Laws . . . used to describe every freeman, `commoner' as well as noble, who possesses an independent legal status . . . Occasionally, however, aire is used in the more restricted sense of `noble' (as oppd. to `commoner'), which is its usual meaning in the literature', Críth G. p. 69 . On the various classes of a.¤ see ib. ff. and under 1 ard, bó, coisring, déis , écht, forgell, ócaire, tús. See also Laws Crit. p. 7 . Bürgschaft p. 53f. Cóic Con. pp. 32, 66 . MacNeill, Law of status xxxvi, C 16 pp. 267-70 . On the `eneclanna' of the various a.¤ 's see O'Curry 1262-5 ( H 3.18, 510 -2). a.¤ ainm coitc[h]end cech grāda flatha i tūaith, Corm. Y 1124 . O'Cl. a.¤ graidh fhlatha . . . a.¤ graidh feine, Laws iv 68.17 Comm. mad ingen in airech feibi tes co mac in bo-airech . . . aen trian o ingin in airech feibi, v 286.4 . ata[t] aroile airic i tuait na dledat acht letbiatad do aes a coemtechta, BCrólige 28 . cateat grád túaithe? fer midboth, bóaire, a.¤ désa, a.¤ ard, a.¤ túise, a.¤ forgill ┐ rí, Críth G. 11 . coiri . . . thige airech, 338 . secht seoit airech . . . caire, dabach, easgar, iarn, arathar, echsrian, no delg, O'Curry 1202 ( H 3.18, 479b ). flaith athuigh .i. ni flaith a athair na a senathair . . . .i. a.¤ itir da a.¤ , Laws ii 200.22 Comm. ben cach airech itir da airig, 380.8 Comm. briuga ┐ a.¤ desa, LL 3734 . saír ┐ a.¤ échta, 3738 . do airig aird, LL 3731 .

In more general sense noble, chief: a.¤ no sainṡamail gl. optimas, Sg. 50a27 (cf. airech no thoisecha.¤ gl. primas, 26 ). a.¤ díbergae, LU 7720 = airig díbergi, BDD² 1252 . cateat airig cecha aissi ┐ cadeat a saegla na n-airech sin, Rawl. 69a17 . na ríga ┐ na flatha ┐ na hairig, Trip.² 438 . airich na haesi tanaisi, LU 135 . cethrur airech tanic Partholon .i. sé féin ┐ Laíglinne . . ., LL 480 . ba hé a n-ord na n-airech, 777 . fert na n-airech di Grécaib, Metr. Dinds. iii 106.51 . roba ha.¤ (airech, airiuch v.l.) isin crích sin, Mer. Uil. 92 . ic airechaib na Eórpa, LL 234b18 ( TTr. 1305 ). soicheneol na n-oireach, MR 96.6 . dumha gach ae dia ro baidheadh d'aireachaibh a muintire, Leb. Gab.(i) 258.21 . adhbhar éccaoíne d'oireachaibh, AFM v 1682.21 . Fig. of trees and shrubs classified as airig feda (and athaig (aithig) feda), see fid (c). Of major virtues and vices: cen airich duálche gl. sine querella, Wb. 25c27 . nech concheil airig (sic leg.) ndualcha fora cheili, Ériu vii 158 § 21 . na hocht nairig sūalach . . . fri hīcc . . . na n-ocht n-airech ndūalchae, ZCP iii 24.31 . ocht n-airic[h] go ngolaige, vi 271 § 1 . d'ocht n-airc[h]ib na nduálach, BColm. 12.14 . Of the prow of a ship: adnaghaid a[c] tarraing oirech a luingi don charraic `prow', Aen. 1011 .

n o, m. (altra) fostering, fosterage, nurture: do cleamnus . . . ┐ d'ailtrindus, O'D. 592 (H 3.17, c. 448). luidh Fiachra . . . co Teamhraigh do chuinchidh altrandais for rīcch Ērenn .i. a rogha dia cloind (i.e. to ask that he might choose one of the king's sons to foster), ZCP xiv 218.9 . arna tuca a.¤ cisa . . . forsin eclais, O'Dav. 62 . dīburtud .i. . . . dered n-ērea indsin .i. a.¤ .i. arnā rob olc menma neich īarom, Corm. Y 425 = altram for chinadus natbé drochmenma iaram, Corm. p. 15 . Cf. dabruidiud altrannus ar na rab olc menma neich .i. altrandus gin tanaisi isin tan sa, O'Curry 1001 (H 3.18, 427b). cleamhnas ar deis duine féin / is a.¤ i n-imgcéin, DDána 66.9 . mar iomchras an tathair altrannus leanbh, Numbers xi 12 .

adj i ( ad-bong, GOI p. 92 ). Later also aibig.

(a) ripe, matured (of fruit, etc.): intan is apuid a cetna torad, Ériu ii 116 § 50 . antan as abaigh an fín, O'Mulc. 213 . būain guirt riasīu dob abaidh, Corm. Y 394 (= bas abbuig, LL 374b29 ). brón guirt a.¤ , Triads 68 . gurtu apchi in tíre do loscad, LB 127a35 . cnuas ic tuttim cnuas na bláth . . . ┐ cnuas abbaig, LL 206a41 . dā dēis dēc lān-aipchi, ZCP v 24.z . ba ferr gomtis aipche . . . ro fíoradh son go mbattar ina náen broin abaigh (of apples), BNnÉ 293 § 14 . na harbhuracha chum a bheith abuighe, Cín Lae Ó Meall. 23.15 . eang abaigh `that vigorous land', SGS iv 138 § 2 . Fig. tnúdh is abaidh (: cagaidh) adhuintear `it is a ready desire that is ignited', TD 1.46 . ripe, mature (of age): masé as sgél ar sgoith Line /gan bheith abaidh aimsire, L. Cl. A. B. 168.50 . In assoc. with éc: go lá m'éaga aibidh (aibig MSS), Hackett xx 55 . ? i n-uair ecai abbaid (: ainig) `at the time of death's warning' (see 1 apad), Fél.² cxix 10 .

(b) Fig. ready, ripe, well-prepared (frequ. with follg. vn. constr.): is mithig ┐ is a.¤ léo do ríchtain, Trip.² 259 . in tan as n-apaid fuil námad do testin, BDD² 1245 . conid abaid cech frithorcain do thidecht, RC xii 428 § 17 . is apaigh ┐ is urlam ac na deib dith . . . in ciniudha daenna do denum, CCath. 1012 . an barrach abaigh ré fadódh, TSh. 6731 . is abaid trá an tarrngaire the prophecy has come true, IGT Decl. ex. 726 . an ríghfhleadh ann do b'abaidh (: aguibh), DDána 48.24 . ag triall caguidh gibé bheas / ní habuidh é acht led t'oideas fit to wage war, Studies 1919, 439 § 5 . an uair do-gheibh aibche iomchuibhghe sinn, Mac Aingil 4940 . Adv. go abaigh ullamh, Fl. Earls 144.9 .

(c) Of mental qualities mature: flaith abaid, Todd Nenn. cv 9 . fan drongḟolt n-ālaind n-abaigh, ZCP viii 226.10 . ollamh aibidh, Ó Bruad. i 54 § viii . go ccomhairle n-abuidh, Parrth. Anma 3286 .

Superl. cnū lán is aipghi don fhiodh, O'R. Poems 1683 . an slog as aipchi āirmim `the most expert host', Hy Fiach. 228.14 .

x (asna) = 2 esnach ?: combo léir lorcc a asnaigh triana ionar, Mart. Don. 164.4 . a ha.¤ glan donn le dlús (of a castle), DDána 119.9 . cleth-cumgugad a cliab-asnaid, MR 256.21 . tromdacht isin leit deis fon a.¤ , Rosa Angl. 270.13 . torca.¤ , CF 884 .

n io, m. IGT Decl. § 2 . shoe, sandal, slipper: assa gl. soccus, Sg. 22b9 (see Études Celt. xi 116 ). isin asa roboi fo cois deis , MacCongl. 125.1 . rolaad gille fomm assai `a gillie would take off my shoes', 69.30 . nutasigthe du gallasu gl. gallicas (= caligas) tuas, Thes. i 497.18 . is e no ṅgébad a assa imme, LU 364 (ACC). da assa co foraíb óir impu, 4513 . asso argait imm a cosa, Anecd. i 61 § 90 . se dubassi dóib ar crand, BDD 112 ( LU 7586 ). dochūadar ar n-asa hi fūal, Corm. Y 596 ; ar n-asai, Thr. Ir. Gl. 20.28 . assai immálli . . . etir a thraigthi ┐ talmain, LL 231a44 ( TTr. 1039 ). ? ní té dogrés cen assu (assai, assa, aisi v.ll.: maissi) `he must never go without sandals', Ériu iii 96 § 5 . ros ben a assa ┐ a broga de dia chossaib, LB 236a49 . ro tebrinn ola tria talmain . . . go ttainicc tara assa (brogaibh v.l.), BNnÉ 17 § 33 . taraill a asa oc dul isinn tech in comla, Ériu v 28.15 . i coirtgead da ban asu . . . da fer asa, Laws iv 148.19 . direnar dagassaib, Críth G. 232 . hais .i. broga, amail adeir senchus hasaib haccrandaib .i. asa degarimoind(?) ima cosaib, O'Dav. 1068 . cona assaib slemna . . . ima bunnu, MacCongl. 89.6 . calciatos sandalis .i. o assaib, RC viii 369.4 . asa .i. bróga, O'Cl. asa fionn cáonna um gach coll mossy covering, IGT Decl. ex. 122 . dlaí a.¤ a wisp put in shoes for comfort: aitherach dlui n-assa, Laws i 268.7 . Used in divination: ic tarchitul forsin dlái . . . fil imm asso, LU 4460 . berid ind ingen dloí ind assa colleic, 4465 . in fil in dloí isind assa?, 4472 . For compd. máelassa see 1 mael compds.

Cf. 2 as, assán.

n.loc. f. Ireland. Orig. name of north Leinster = mag mBreg, hence from British compound *Banno-Magos, O'Brien, ZCP xiv 330 f. , Ériu xi 167 , Hamp, xxiv 169 or from *ban-w-yā as a theonym, ZCP xlix-l 96-98 : coicid B., Rawl. 87a1 . R. princeps B.¤ Mōre (Lagin), Corp. Gen. 48.11 . deis fri B. (viz. Tara), Ériu iv 92.5. for B.¤ banuill, LL 1297 (Leb. Gab.) . san Bhanbha (= Éire), DDána 81.28. As mythic n.pr. f. LL 1114.

n o, m. g s. beoil, Sg. 14a16 . n p. beóil, Wb. 7d9 . a p. beolu, Wb. 3b11 , beula (gl. ora), Ml. 19c9 . beulu, 35d22 . belu, Thes. ii 251. 16 . d p. bélib, Wb. 7d10 . b.¤ m., IGT Decl. § 61.

I

(a) In some exx. explicitly lip , in pl. lips, but here usually mouth: don b.¤ gl. labio, Ir. Gl. 107. Gild. Lor. 139 § 40. tri beulu dlútai gl. fixis labris (17), Sg. 6a18 . ni radi ní trí thalmaidchi, amal dundchuirethar inna beulu as it rises to his lips (`as he takes it into his lips'), Ml. 35d22 . anasberaid hó bélib `what ye utter with (your) lips', Wb. 7d10 . anasbérat mo beiúil, 12d12 . (of a hag) tacmaicced a b.¤ íchtarach coa glún, LU 6828 (BDD). i socraidi labrait biuil (: Iúil), 3875 ( SCC 38 ). niamdai a beóil partardeirg (partuingdeirg, v.l.) her crimson lips, IT i 69.8 . ( LMU 4 ). co ṅditned a srona ┐ a beolu `so that it protected his nostrils and his lips' (but perh. transl. nose . . . mouth), CCath. 5265. folcuit a n-aighti uile lena mbélaib úachtair upper lips, Maund. 176. beoil lethna thick lips, Marco P. 187. cúiseach bind asa bēalaibh `sweet piping from her lips', Ériu iv 174.15 . maille siabhradh beóil ( = labium . . . pervertatur), 23 K 42 , 54.14 . do scoltad an croimbeoil ┐ in béil iocht[a]ir of chapping of the upper and lower lip, O'Gr. Cat. 191.z . baile .i. maith . . . digbail dubha baile bel .i. is maith í o belaib no i mbel `from lips or in mouth', O'Dav. 224. (in application of an incantation) imbir in da mér . . . it bélaib, Thes. ii 249.11 . doberar in salann i mbelu `the salt is put into the mouth', 251.16 . asoilgg a bēolu . . . combo ecna a [g]inchrāes, TBC-I¹ 396. (of a witch) a beóil for leith a cind her mouth in the side of her head, BDD² 540 . gebid dano cenn in tarra ina béolu, Sc.M² 17.6 . do-lleblaing int éicne ara chend, ┐ gabsus inna béulu took it in its mouth, TBFr. 209. an tan immoro no berid an leg laun ina beolu `when he used to put the ladle full into his mouth', RC xii 86 § 91. nicon acca beolu eich / amal beolu ín liathainigh, IT iii 68.2 . inbat budig do bēoil do shainól ┐ do shainait, MacCongl. 77.4 . secht traigid eter a ó ┐ a beolo . . . ┐ secht n-artim inna bélaib, Ériu iv 26.9 , 10 . acht nad neibre dod belaib nama `although thou hast not said so by word of mouth', Laws iv 108.1 Comm. cuit mo b.¤ (term of endearment), LL 18576.

(b) mouth in sg.: sróin súil b.¤ , Ardm. 434a marg. (220va). i cinaid do laime, do sula, do thengad, do beil, Laws i 156.32 . issin ṁb. tacras sin in the mouth that asserts that, MU² 369. laech . . . belmar . . ., meit a beil beolu eich, TBC-LL¹ 5400 n.4 . fuil rochuiread tara bel ┐ dara sroin, TTebe 2414 . beiris i n-a bheōl . . . ar lampa airgit seized a silver lamp in its mouth, Fl. Earls 138.1 . Note also: na beula gl. ora, the mouths (?), Ml. 19c9 . Fig. gá tarbha an béal do bheith lais / 's an intinn in-a éagmhais, Dán Dé xxii 20 . an b.¤ dúnta as eadh budh ḟearr better be silent, IGT Decl. ex. 1285. Prov. is binn beál ó bheith iadhta, Dánfhocail 55 . By metonymy person : cerd cach ṁb. .i. eladu cech duni do ḟoglaim ar dáig forcitail caich (`art for every mouth', RC xxvi 22 § 62 ), LL 24410. crochadh ar bh.¤ na bréige! `perdition (lit. a hanging) to him who tells the lie' (Gloss.), LBranach 1072 . b.¤ na psalm (nickname of St. Fintan), Mart. Don. Mar. 27. Grigoir Béil óir `Gregory the golden-mouthed', BNnÉ 172 § 16 .

(c) In phrases: derg-mír i mbélaib lit. red (raw) morsel in (the) mouth apparently of property illegally acquired or attached: atait tri deirg-mireanda naidet usa a mbelaib cacha hecalsa (glossed: is indligthech do'n eclais a ngabail cuichi o belaib, 432.3 Comm. ), Laws v 430.22. at-ballat, ¤bailet (a) béoil with poss. or foll. subj. gen., see at-bail(l): co n-aplat a beoil i mmbron (leg. mbrōn ?) ┐ toirrsi `they perish', Ériu ii 114 § 38. Note also: bás fort béolu, Fing. R. 72 `death on your head!' RC xiii 378.11 .

(d) Of the mouth as the source of speech: iss ed bói i mbēlaib cáich this was the common talk, ZCP viii 317.26 . go rabhadar na lán béil ┐ buanteanga ag gach aon that they were a continual subject of conversation to everyone, RC xiv 28 § 6. lán beóil don ríoghfhuil Bhranoigh, LBranach 3581 . budh lán beoil an Brianachsoin, Studies 1925, 253 § 6 .

By extension word(s) ; subject of talk : fer na ropeccaig o bel na o gnim `in word or deed', Ériu v 20.2 . idna beoil integrity of speech, LL 3901. roiarfaided o Fiachroig Muillethan . . . dia belaib his advice was asked by F., ZCP xiv 156.14 . gurab mó do theagascdaois . . . ó theagasc beoil ioná ó scríbhinn by traditional instruction, Keat. ii 976. (explanation of the name of Eogan B.) b.¤ cach tuaithi ina thimchell `the mouth [i.e. the acclamation] of every country round about', SG 64.z . b.¤ cach flatha ina lenub / ar ó Fiachrach foltlebur, 65.2 . In phr. breth a b.¤ féin self-judgment, -doom: atetha breth do b.¤ (sic leg.) féin duit, RC xiv 430.8 . co tucsat Gaill breth a beoil fein d'O Neill, AU ii 270.8 . In adv. phrase ó óen-b.¤ unanimously: o aen bel, PH 7233. dh'aoinbheul, Luc. Fid. 2856. Legal. cor b.¤ , see 1 cor 12.

II Applied to various things resembling lips or mouth .

(a) edge, rim ; mouth of cavity, orifice, opening : b.¤ gaili, a mbél an gaile ( = orificium stomachi), RSláinte 3698. do fínégra ar b.¤ an gaile `on the pit of the stomach', O'Gr. Cat. 193.25 . b.¤ cridi (used as term of endearment): a bél mo chraidi, ACL iii 243 § 24. edge, opening of wounds: bador beoil na ccneth ag claoi a cheile, ZCP x 292.9 . a lomma cro ic teprisin dar belaib na n-alad batar fair, Grail 685 . rucc b.¤ na cneidhe chum a chéile ┐ ticc sele fuirre, ITS xvi 42.13 . Other applications: co fil āit a beōil isin c[h]loich fóss ann `the mark of its rim (i.e. of a bell) is still there in the stone', BColm. 64.9 . sileadh deór rúadh ar ruisgne / mur uisge a beól (mbéol v.l.) úar eisci like water out of a vessel (?), IGT Decl. ex. 1081. mé is b.¤ na cróine ar mo chind, ex. 81 . lase foruillecta beóil in chalich di mil, Wb. 7d9 . īadais indala sūil . . . asoilg alaile comba mor bēolu fidchōich as large as the orifice of a wooden bowl (?), TBC-I¹ 395. b.¤ dabcha ele 'na b.-si anúas (of one vat turned over another), BColm. 72.6 . (of a bag for chess-men) a ferbolc, is amra sceúil / de ór imdernta a beúil opening (`rim'), Fianaig. 14.22 . go bhfuilti claoidthe . . . a mbeul an tsaic (of opponents silenced in controversy), Luc. Fid. 4127. béil a ngunnadh `the muzzles of their guns', Rel. Celt. ii 194.11 . (of prongs of pincers) do briseadh teanncuir an ghobhann, ┐ an t-īarann dearg 'na beal `with the red-hot iron in its jaws', ZCP ii 562.30 . beola crot ┐ bolg ┐ buinne `mouths of harps and bags and pipes', RC xii 108 § 163. the eye of the upper millstone (Studies on Early Ireland 16 ) : iss e sin doberimsi a mbel in muilinn si, RC xiv 52 § 62. upper of shoe: bróg tar teach do teilgeadh leam . . . nar bhean tall a b.¤ fa a bonn `a shoe whose upper was detached from its sole was thrown at me' (Notes), Bard. Synt. Tr. 2.z.

(b) Further extended applications: mén mara .i. bel na mara, O'Cl. ( mēn .i. bēl, Corm. Y 948 ). fri beolu mara, Trip.² 1581 ( = in sinu maris, Lat. Lives 33 § 25 ). dá thraigid .x. lethet a b.¤ the width of its opening (an earthwork), Críth G. 571. (of Tara) deis fri Banba, b.¤ fri Bóin `her front towards the Boyne', Ériu iv 92 § 3. tir cen beula without entry, Corm. Y 674 ( Corm. 22 ). tir cin toin cin beolu bis itir da ferunn cin conair `ingress', Laws iv 158.14 Comm. cuiris comla dar a b.¤ (a well), Metr. Dinds. iii 326.19 . triall istech tar beolu na hecuilsi `threshold of the church', Marco P. 173. léigthear suas beoil na bruighne `portcullis', Aithd. D. 3.19 . siar go b.¤ na sráide `the entrance of the street', AFM ii 900.2. Of gunwale of a ship: chuir iad am beòil mhòr re chèile, SGS xviii 107.1 .

III In phrases with prepp.

(a) prepositional. With A: crithre sin a beól (mb. v.l.) bhruithne sparks from boiling heat (?), IGT Decl. ex. 1296.

With AR (FOR): huare romboi ar belaib tempuil `in front of the Temple', Ml. 48d8 . ar beolu diabuil `before the Devil', Wb. 3b11 . gontai Cūchulaind, co tabrad a marb ara (ar, LU) bēolu a brāthar, TBC-I¹ 1637. ar belaib ind ríg ( = in conspectu regis), Lat. Lives 10.8 . arbelaib (.i. a fiadnaise) fer nErenn, ACL iii 14 § 31. finta cia as toisech fodla ┐ ar a ndentar bélaib `before whom it is made', RC xiii 446 § 26. cathair . . . for bel ḟasaigh dhimhoir `at the edge of a great desert', Marco P. 20. dán bog ar bh.¤ na slighiodh `on the open road', Studies 1918, 617 § 5 .

Freq. of replacing in kingship, headship, etc. one who had the normal claim, before, in preference to, in place of : rogab F. righe ara belaib, RC xvii 233.32 (Tig.). gabais C. flaith ar belaib a athar, Ériu iii 142.4 . an crioch do ghabail for a belaibh `to snatch . . . the country away from him', Leb. Gab.(i) 226.5 . mar tugadh ceannas na slógh / ar bhéal Éibhir d'Éireamhón `to Ê. rather than to Ê.', Content. xvi 33. With verbs of coming, etc. do-tét indḟine ar beolu de(i)rbḟine `the ` indḟine' comes in front of (i.e. is preferred to) the `derbḟine', Ériu xvii 64 § 3 ( Laws iv 206.7 ). D. . . . do beith ag dol ar bélaibh a athar `attempted to depose', AFM vi 1891.1 . an tánaiste do theacht ar beulaibh mic tighearna an fhuinn `that the tanist takes precedence of', Keat. i 66.6 . dul fora mbelaibhsiomh `to anticipate them', Hugh Roe² 172.2 .

With FRI (RE) before, at, close to; on the point of : fri beolu báis on the point of death, Fél. 74.19 . cen bith ria mbeolu oc airiuc thuili dóib not to be close to them, Fing. R. 432. ag so anois an bás rem bhéal close to me, Dánta Gr. 63.15 . re béal a theachta don toigh `before its reception' (of the Blessed Eucharist), Dán Dé xviii 2 . cosg fiabhrasa re b.¤ mbáis, Studies 1919, 613 § 12 .

With I N- i mbeolu, i mbeól, i mb.¤ before : in bo boi 'na beola sin `that was in front of her', Dinds. 142.10 . a mbeol an dunaidh `in front of the fort', BNnÉ 187 § 27 . do-chífe bárc a mbeól chúain `in the harbour's mouth', Ériu ix 168 § 46. towards, to : do-bhir im béal teachtaire `He sends a messenger to fetch me', Aithd. D. 83.3 . sgath dealg 'na beol muna bheath `had not the thorn-points been in the way', 95.20 . over, across : seolais iarsin Brenainn . . . i mbéolu (a mbhél, v.l. , = for beluibh, Lism. L. 3590 ) in aiccéin iongantaigh, BNnÉ 97 § 5. Note also: ro herbad da oclach lais da chur i mbeolu na tuinne to cast it (an infant) upon the sea (?), LL 14623 ( ZCP xii 273.17 ). do chur a mb.¤ mara ┐ mor-fhairrge set adrift on the open sea, KMMisc. 313.13 . a mbēl na h-oibre at the beginning, ML² 1.15 . i mbeol airechtais at the very beginning of sovereignty (?), Ann. Conn. 1410.2 . ni ḟuil amuigh gidh seól síth / crích nach fuil a mbeól a bláith, IGT Decl. ex. 992 . i mbéal a tharbha do thoigheacht, Aithd. D. 25.4 .

With TAR: tar béolu out of : adre amach dar beolu in duin, Marco P. 23.

(b) Adverbial. With FOR (always with possessive) on the face, face downwards : for a mbeulu gl. prone, Ml. 131b6 . tairniud form béolu bend face downwards, LL 36766 = Goid. 180.10 = Fél.² cv 8. an corp bis ina rogad ar in talmain for a beolu, RC xv 491 § 31. tolduid iarum taurtaim fair fora beolu `a trance fell upon him, as he lay on his face', Mon. Tall. 155.15 . (of a collapsing house) amal ro clóenad a thech conda tarla for a lethbeólu uli, LU 8382 ( FB 25 ). (of a cup) rohimpa iarum Patraic in copan fora beolu upside down (?), Anecd. iii 35.9 . b.¤ ar b.¤ , ó bé(o)l go b.¤ face to face : truagh gan sinne bel ar bel, TTebe xv 7 (scribe's note). (of a bird-decoration) ealta 's a mbeoil béal ar bhéal, Aithd. D. 9.7 . ag labhairt libh beul ar bheul (os ad os, 3 Joh. 14 ), Eochairsg. 15.30 . go labradh se riss ó b.¤ go b.¤ `face to face', ZCP xi 118.2 ( BCC 236 ). meic ollamhan Innsi Fáil / . . . / god choimhreic ó bheól go b.¤ `repeating thee from mouth to mouth' (i.e. the contents of a manuscript Gaelic Miscellany), Studies 1919, 440 § 12 . adeirid o bheol go beul they say so currently, Luc. Fid. 4088.

With IAR N- iar mbélaib (contrasted with iar cúlaib): i ngilfine iar mbelaib, amuil atá athair ┐ mac ┐ ua ┐ iarmua ┐ innua co cuicer; ┐ geilfini iar culaib .i. brathair thathar, ┐ mac co cuicer beos `in the direct line', Laws ii 160.z Comm.

(c) In fig. phrase do-ní a b.¤ re turns to, seeks help from : do-ghén . . . mo bh.¤ ré seabhcaibh Saxan `I will turn my face to', Studies 1924, 242 § 11 .

Note also: muna thí dhíom bas rem béal unless I can keep a guard on my lips, Dán Dé ix 4 . a-tá 'gan chol bas rem béal `raises its hand against me', xxiii 31 . In nn. loc. see Hog. Onom.

Compds. With nouns. ¤braise: feib atféd mo bhélbraisi `eloquence', Leb. Cert.² 164 § 9. ¤deirge: beildeirge redness of lips, Prolegomena 43 § 26 . ¤étan: (of a charioteer) dara béletan mouth and forehead (?), LL 24905. ¤mod manner of speaking (?): caistidh ria bēlmod, ACL iii 307 § 28 ( Measgra Uí Chl. 153 ). ¤proicept traditional teaching, tradition : bēalphroceapta nó teagusg bheōil na n-absttal, Mac Aingil 5949 . béulphroicheapta asbaltha ┐ eagalsa, Desid. 4942. With vnn. ¤chengal: ar mbélcengal a mbeochréchtadh when their fresh wounds had been sewn up, Caithr. Thoirdh. 124.7 . ¤tuidme: fiacuil .i. fia figo . . . fiacuil didiu bēl-t. fastening for the mouth, O'Mulc. 507.

With adjj. ¤balb: do piastaibh bel-balba `dumb-mouthed', Ériu iii 164 § 20. ¤binn: longphort . . . bíthe bēilbhinn melodious (?), Butler Poems 556 and n. ¤blasta of excellent sound : (of `Gaedelg,' the language) in berla b.¤ bind, LL 17716. B. blaith belblasta well-spoken (of a hand-maid), BB 237a2 . ¤buide yellow-lipped : (of a famine-stricken appearance) ina n-ímágib b.¤ nochtḟiaclacha, LB 154b61 . In n. pr.: Eochaid Bēlbuidi, ZCP viii 274.1 . ¤chamm crooked-mouthed : la hUnchi mbrúachda mb.¤(-mall, v.l.), Metr. Dinds. iii 98.6 . ¤cherr: in senBodb Barchi b.¤ `wry-mouthed', Metr. Dinds. iv 338.20 . ¤chert: mo dhaltán búilid béilchert `right-spoken', SG 190.7 . ¤chorcra crimson, red-lipped : belchorcra banamla detgela, TTebe 730 . ¤chráibhthech hypocritical : Content. vi 270. ¤chumang narrow-mouthed, having a narrow opening, entry : a crocan (leg. corcán ?) belchumang narrow-necked, Lia Fáil iii 122.20 ( 23 P 10 ³, 11b7 ). ar na bernadhaibh bélchumhgaibh, AFM v 164.22 . ¤derg red-lipped, red-mouthed (in good and bad sense): buriud berna Baidbi béldergi, LL 10872 ( = TBC-LL¹ 4024 ). na brithemain bēilderga `red-mouthed brehons' ( = severe in judgement ?), Ériu iii 30 § 7. cáinead in barrchais béilderg `the curly-headed red-lipped fellow', iv 216.20 . F. file m. Oengusa Bēlde[i]rg, ZCP viii 326.1 . ¤dub black-mouthed : comairge b.¤ becenech `a black-mouthed guarantor of small honour', Tec. Corm. § 33.2 . a curaig blaithe belduba `black-prowed', Ériu viii 10.36 . sgéala libh go báirc mbéalduibh `tidings to your black-decked barque', RC xlix 173 § 32. ¤ḟairsi(u)ng wide-mouthed, having a wide entrance : .l. bléide buabaill belḟairsiuṅg, LL 7292. ro cóirged bruidin brotla bélfairsing `wide-doored', Fianaig. 70.31 . ¤ḟota long-lipped : D. b.¤ , LL 354c64 . a mbíala belfhoda `wide-edged', Hugh Roe² 174.24 . ¤ginach: na trī badhbha bēl-ginacha three witches with gaping mouths, ML² 1585. ¤glicc: mo bhreath bheilghlic gan bhine `my skilled oral judgement', Keat. ii 1287. ¤lethan broad-doored : ós bruidin béllethoin, SG 230.24 . ¤lúath hasty of speech : 'ná bheith baoth beul-luath aig teagasg cách, De Imit. 13.24 . ¤maith: C. b.¤ `C. Fair-lips', Metr. Dinds. iii 324.11 . ¤mall slow of speech : la hU. mbruachdha mbelmhall, BB 365b37 . ¤remor thick-lipped, big-mouthed : belremur bolcsuilech, LU 8516 ( FB 37 ). badhbh béil-reamhar, TSh. 6623. ¤ṡalach foul-mouthed : Badb birach belsalach, RC xxiv 52.1 . ¤scaílte wide open; split open ; scattered : i mbrudin bronnḟarsing bélscailti, RC xiv 414 § 28. ina mbuidhnib bega bélsgāilte, Fianaig. 54.4 . (of a cast-up ship) go ndéantar blogha béal-sgaoilte dhi, TSh. 735. ¤tais with soft, moist lips : an chuideachta chuanna bhuadhach bheóltais (of fair women), Hackett xxvi 57 . ¤tana: go mbiailibh blathsnaoighte b.¤ `thin-edged battle-axes', AFM vi 2126.25 . ¤tirim: bérla breganta beoiltirm (spoken) with a dry mouth, O'Gr. Cat. 518.30. ¤trúag: na bid fri baisi ṁbeltrúaig poor-mouthed (?), SR 3890.

See béillic, bélaites, bélscál, bélscálán, bélscáth.

v See Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 369 , 461 , GOI §§ 551 , 654 , 691 (a) , KZ xlvii 159. Indic. pres. 1 s. benim, Thes. ii 42.7 . benaim, LU 6170. 2 s. benai, TBC-I¹ 3592. 3 s. benith, Thes. ii 250.11 , benaid, Ml. 46d4 , LU 6206 , bennaid, 5213 . benid, TBC-I¹ 397 , bentai, 1201 (with suff. pron.). bentus, Airne F. 2.17 . -ben, 424 , Blathm. 98 § 26. Rel. benas, Corm. Y 1235 , Críth G. 556 , TBC-I¹ 3605. 3 pl. benait, Fél. Jan. 31 , June 30 , -benat, MU² 544. With ro-: 1 s. -rubaim, LU 6230. Pass. sg. benair, Ériu ix 47 § 19. Rel. benar, Thes. ii 254.3 (Stowe M.). 3 pl. -bentar, Ml. 91b3 . Indic. impf. 3 s. -benad, LU 9137 ( FB 88 ), 3 pl. -bentais, TBC-I¹ 30. Ipv. 2 s. ben, TBC-I¹ 3593. 3 s. benad, Wb. 20c8 . 2 pl. benaidh, Ériu ii 120 § 58. 3 pl. benat, TBC-LL¹ 5834. Pass. sg. benar, Ml. 93d16 .

Subj. pres. 3 s. -bia, Laws iv 124.10 . With ro-: 2 s. -ruba, TBC-I¹ 1596. -rubai, Críth G. 581. Pass. 3 s. -bethir, Ml. 36a5 . -ruibther, CRR 54. 3 pl. betir, Ml. 54a17 . Subj. impf. (with ro-) 3 s. -rubad, TBC-I¹ 2769. 3 pl. (?) -robeotais, Cymmr. xiv 118 § 19 ( Rawl. 132b35 ). -rubaitis, TBC-I¹ 806 , -rubdais, Metr. Dinds. iii 104.24 . Pass. sg. no-m-bethe, Ml. 39a19 .

Fut. 1 s. bīu, TBC-I¹ 3592. 3 s. biëd, Celtica xxi 200.6 . bíthus (with suff. pron.), LU 10481. Rel. s. bias, TBC-LL¹ 3453. With -f-: bifas, Rawl. 132b36 . Pass. pl. -biter, Anecd. i 44.4 . Rel. s. bethir, Blathm. 957 . Condit. 3 s. no bīad, TBC-I¹ 2942. -bífad, SR 5812 , -bífed, TBC-LL¹ 744. Pass. s. no mbíthe (nom bithe, MS.), Blathm. 506.

Pret. and perf. 1 s. beo, TFrag. 108.6 = AFM i 302.9 . 3 s. bii (disyll.), Blathm. 98 § 25. b, LU 1750 (ICM). -bí (= -bai, TBC-I¹ 696 ), LU 5176. Note also (with suffix. pronoun and intrusive -s-) bissis, RC xii 68 § 34 , bisius ib. Rel. s. bië (disyll.), Blathm. 279. 3 pl. -beotur, Corm. Y 698 (59.5) = -beodutar, Corm. 24 (gaire). With ro-: 1 s. -rubha, AFM i 242.9 (= RC xvii 177.2 ), 2 s. -ruba, Wb. 13d25 . 3 s. ro bi, Rawl. 88a30 , -rubai, LU 5334 , -rubi, BDD² 187 , rodmbi, Laws iv 176.26 . ros-bae, CRR 56. 3 pl. robéotar, LU 5110 (= TBC-I¹ 625 ). robeotar (beóatar, robeobdar, ro hortsat, v.ll.), Metr. Dinds. iii 98.3 . -rubatar, TBFr. 60 , BDD² 695. Note also: go n-da-rubdatar, TBC-LL¹ 4384 (see Ériu xiv 118.1 ). -rubhradar, ZCP i 464.29 . Pass. sg. bíth, Metr. Dinds. iii 94.23 . ro bíth, RC xxiii 308.33 . -rrubad (sic leg.), Fianaig. 10.21 . pl. bíthi (bithi, MS.), Blathm. 203. bitha, RC xxiii 308.33 , -bítha, Arch. Hib. ii 62 § 52. ro bitha, Ml. 100b2 , TBC-I¹ 1373. ro-bīthe, ZCP xi 62.4 .

Part. see bíthe. vbl. of necess. bethi, Ml. 114c12 . Vn. see béim, bíth. Later with stem ben-, boin- (cf. boingid), bain- throughout (with ā-subj., f- future and s- pret.). See rubaid.

I

(a) beats, strikes: in O. Ir. gl. pinso, Thes. ii 42.7 , perculsus, Ml. 45d6 , pulsat, 46d4 , iecta, 123c17 . beanaim .i. buailim, O'Cl. b.¤ in t-aingel in sruth co fleisc, LU 2117 ( FA 18 ). bi ind ala slabrad suil ind rig, Ériu iii 136.2 . co mbensom dia durnn inna ētan, TBC-I¹ 423. fer benas dam óenbéimmim who fells an ox with one blow, Críth G. 556. bentai Cuc[h]ulaind cona claideb, TBC-I¹ 1201. b.¤ in talum o chois deis he strikes the ground with his right foot, PH 1337. benith galar (a charm), Thes. ii 250.11 . araile fer . . . robenad on crithgalur was stricken by, Lat. Lives 98 § 93. benfat na demna o phianaib examla me, PH 2231. (of a head of hair) b.¤ braine a dá imdae it strikes against (i.e. touches) the edge of his hips, BDD² 963. drud rú asa mbearna bheanaid `whose gap they strike at' (Gloss.), O'R. Poems 859. an mheadh as lán dom lochtaibh / bean a clár dod chumhochtaibh `strike up . . . the scale weighted with my sins' (?), Dán Dé xxii 12 . Transfd. casts (a shadow): co mbentais foscod i medōn a dā gruaide (eyelashes), TBC-I¹ 30. reaches: benaidh immorro inis Breatan seach hErinn saerthuaid co cian (`extends', Todd Nenn. 31.2 ), BB 203b40 .

Of hand-clappers, bells strikes, rings: ben do chlocc, Trip.² 1370. clocán bind / benar i noidchi gaithe that is struck, IT iii 16 § 40 . benais Sencha bascrand, MU² 923. robenadur na cluic `sounded', ZCP vi 285.1 . benait cluig ┐ ceōlāin . . . uaidhip fēin `the bells and chimes . . . of themselves rang', Fl. Earls 52.2 . In phr. b.¤ (cloc) FOR (? AR), see II infra.

Strikes (fire), lights: co bethir gl. inuratur, Ml. 36a5 . roben in tenid Chascae = incendit ignem, Lat. Lives 5 § 4. do benusa teine ┐ doronus a fadodh, BNnÉ 69 § 114 .

Note also: F. féigbind ro ben bríg mbreth who passed weighty judgments (Thurn.), ZCP x 271.4 . With galar: benaim galar `I slay the disease´ Celtica xxv 252 . benim a galar, Thes. ii 249.7 . benith galar, 250.11 . See also 1 fris-ben.

(b) hews, cuts down, off: bíi Ququlaind a dī ord lāma ┐ a dī ortt coisse, ZCP viii 120.21 . bennaid Cu Chulaind omnae, LU 5213. do benuit leō roga ro-chleth . . . ┐ mīne mōirf[h]eda, ML² 1064. benat scíathu let them slash shields, TBC-LL¹ 5834. (of breaching, knocking down a wall) dia robenad in t-ochtmad múr, PH 8014.

(c) slays; wounds: beosa L. an[d] do chailg, TFrag. 108.6 (= AFM i 302.9 ). ra mbeótar i n-ecomlond, LU 6680 (= TBC-I¹ 2138 ). intī bifas nō genfas (sic) nech do slōg araile . . . arthús, Rawl. 132b36 . nad ro marb in bech rodmbi (glossed: ro gonastar e, 178.7 Comm. ) `the bee which stung him', Laws iv 176.26 . Eoin . . . do thriall tar sáil / is mó bhíth mé is do ghríos mé ná is mian do rádh `what has wounded me more sorely', O'Gr. Cat. 581.10.

(d) Of crops cuts, reaps; gathers: (of Adam) co n-aireadh ┐ co mbenadh gan allus, BB 16b2 ( ITS xxxiv 58.15 ). benaid in gort uile `they reap the whole field', Ériu v 116.14 . glenn . . . ina mbenaid dáoine ímforcraidh spísraid, Maund. 54. an chnú ní 'na bláth beantair, Dán Dé vii 15 . luibh leighis re báidh beanais with love (for us) He plucked a healing herb, DDána 48.1 . (of turf-cutting) mani bentar hi ina haimsir coir, Laws i 132.7 Comm.

(e) incises, engraves: ise in luathrindi sin robenadh i sciath C. that is the `luathrindi' (lit. ash-point) that was cut in the shield of C., Ériu v 72.23 . (of drawing Ogam characters) no da mbentar uile, LL 5338 ( Auraic. 5449. )

(f) takes (away), carries off: bensat giallu iar congail, RC xvii 145.14 . Of tax, tribute, etc. exacts, levies: mili dam mili bo benaim `I exact', 49.9 .

II With follg. adv. do ben a claidheamh amach drew his sword, ITS xix 44.4 . lér bhain sé a fhlaitheas . . . amach arís `recovered', Keat. ii 1089. do benadh luirech an ridire sin amuig `was captured', L. Chl. S. 38. do bean Úa B. . . an gealladh . . . ar aiss retracted, Expugn. Hib. 69. do benatar ar lár laim ris `they fell to the ground', BCC 132.

With prepp. With A takes from: in pars benar a hichtur in lithe `the particle that is cut off', Thes. ii 254.3 (Stowe M.). ercōit benus do ṡūil as do chinn, ACL iii 308.z. is tu rogab misi . . . ┐ roben fhuasgailt asum `got ransom from me', ZCP vi 285.8 . (of a rescue from a castle) go mbendaís an tiarla as d'áis no d'eiccen, AFM vi 2172.25 . do bheanadar as . . . they inferred that . . ., PublicRecords Appendix 40.22 . eunuchi . . . .i. na daoine as a mbeantur, 23 K 42, 94.18 . na h-ainmhíntidhe a mbaintear asta which are gelded, Corp. Astron. 90.21 . as e as adbur as a mbainter na catraca `that is the material from which cities . . . are formed', Ir. Astr. Tr. 36.7 . do benadh comnuidhe asainne forsan muir we were stayed, BNnÉ 7 § 22 . robenus lēim luthmur . . . as mo sdét made my steed leap, ZCP vi 65.9 . beantur fiuchad as `bring it (i.e. milk) to the boil', Rosa Angl. 94.2 . b.¤ custam as levies toll on: bentor custam as a n-eachroidh in gach baile dip, Fl. Earls 86.1 . b.¤ greim a see greimm. ? gan mo bhac, a Dhé, i ndeacraibh / ná beantair lat é as m'olcaibh, DDána 61.6 .

With DE takes from: robenaitt a lama ┐ a cosa donti dorone were cut off, Ann. Conn. 1224.3 . benuis screapall beg . . . de `broke off', Fl. Earls 34.17 . dobenadh a ceimniughudh de the power of walking was taken from him, Aisl. Tond. 107.3 . Of covering, clothing, etc. ben a erriud ┐ a étgud de take off his equipment and his clothing, TBC-LL¹ 4061. bensat a chroicend de `stripped his skin from him', PH 2146. bean an dá bhliadhain déag . . . do na hocht gcéad déag bliadhan úd `deduct . . . from', Keat. ii 1160. do ben minna da ṡíair fa marbad uile `he made his sister swear that she would kill them all', Maund. 82. go mbeanfaidhear cúntas 'na smuaintighthibh dhe an account of his thoughts will be demanded of him, TSh. 7304.

Various phrases. b.¤ céill, súil de, see cíall, súil. b.¤ cert de, see cert. do bhean Ír díobh . . . tosach `outstripped [them],' Content. xxx 4 ; cf. ag béin túsa d'íbh Táil, IGT Introd. § 38. ris an mbréig níor bhean dá mhóid he did not break his vow (?), A. Ó Dálaigh l 31.

With DO: lucht an bheatha dá mbeanfadh on whom it would fall (i.e. a deluge of rain), DDána 75.22 . do ben escor don nech the person fell, BCC 452.27 . do bhain a mhaoith (sic MS.) do gach fior affected everyone, Ériu i 98.32 . ro bhen a droch-dhiach dhó oir fuair a righedh ar carr `his evil destiny awaited him', AFM v 1818.12 . ní bhean th'aigneadh d'Eóghan thy opinion did not effect E. (i.e. E. was not of thy mind), Ir. Review 1912, 471 § 5 . dom anmain is eadh bheanas / an mac do bhí i mbraighdeanas the child . . . is my soul, DDána 7.21 . gidh cúich mé, a bhean, beanfad daoibh / madh áil leat leannán macaoimh I shall be yours, 67.14 . Caiter ḟíona .i. an chailleach dhubh do ben dó who adhered to him, Ó Héodhusa 42.8 . ní bheanann dúinn trāchdadh orra annso it is not our business to . . ., Mac Aingil 2586 . ní bheanand doibh offic Chriosd do ghabhail chuca `they have no right to', Carswell 225.

With FO: b.¤ foo (in ras. H) attacks them, LU 4874. bean far dtoirmisg-ne far dtoil try to prevent us from achieving our wish, DDána 95. 24 . má bheanann faoi ag mionsmuaineadh . . . ar na neithibh si if he happens to be thinking, Mac Aingil 360 .

With FOR (AR): forom-sa co m-benfat a n-osnaid ┐ a mmallachtain it is at me their sighs . . . will be directed, TBC-LL¹ 197. benais Medb béim n-aisce fair reproached him, 472 . benfait Ulaid form do lecud th'oenur sin cocrích, 1176 . ní bheanfa aimhleas no olc / ormsa inghean Con Connocht `Cú Ch.'s daughter will not charge me with hurt or harm' (?) Studies 1921, 589 § 8 . ro ben cotlud na haidhchi forro deprived them of, CCath. 2439. ni bhenabh sa a chuid don tsaogal fair, BNnÉ 182.15 . ar neach do bhean a mbúaludh / uabhur h'each mear dhā mūnadh `the mettlesomeness of your swift steeds . . . deprived a person of (the need of) beating them' (Notes), O'R. Poems 2535. nā benaidh amhiris for Dia imm immut a mirbhol do not visit God with disbelief (?), Ériu ii 120 § 58. b.¤ (cloc) for (? ar) lit. rings (a bell) against, hence excommunicates: gabais salmmu escaine foraib . . . B. a chlocc foraib, Trip.² 1303. cor benadh an Bernān Ciarāin (i.e. the saint's bell) fair, RC xvii 383.11 . benait co mBríg . . . / barr find for slúag enair they, together with . . . B., bring the host of January to a good end, Fél. Jan. 31. See 1 glas.

With FRI (LA): traig . . . isī benas fri lār touches the ground, Corm. Y 1235. is béss didu ind liacc benir (sic MS.) ilbeim friss gl. lapidem offensionis et petram scandali, Wb. 4d15 . fuair fearthain . . . / nochar bhean re brat an naoimh, Dán Dé iv 22 . in Brug risa mbenand tond, Ériu vii 219 § 6. ? co Luimneach lethanglas / frismbarca ben, iv 154.2 (see F 428.56). benum . . . frisna catrachaib filet fri toeb mara let us visit, LB 142a29 . acht co mbeantai (toccaibti, v.l.) mur friu `if only a wall were set up against them', Ériu viii 179.9 . inud in ro ben in nathair fris 'the place where the serpent had stung him', ITS xxxv 34 § 119 . Fig. touches, affects; is concerned with, meddles with: benad fria chubus fessin gl. opus suum probet unusquisque, Wb. 20c8 . benaidh rind labhairt ar aesaib(h) an domhain, Leb. Gab.(i) 2.7 . ná bean ris, Proverbs xx.19. Ronán . . . / Colman fria mbaig benaim `whom I entreat for their blessing', Gorm. Aug. 18 (? modelled on late Lat. use of pulsare in sense of rogo, see Du Cange s.v. 1 pulsare ). ara mbaig fris mbenab, Nov. 4. gach ní dar bhean le Tepoitt `all the possessions of T.', AFM vi 2146.19 . an té do-ní adhaltrannas . . nō bheanas ré mnaoi neamhpósda, Parrth. Anma 2495.

With I: b.¤ side sleg n-ind, LU 1522. suil beanfuighthear innte = before it be meddled with, Proverbs xvii 14.

with ó forms, derives from (gramm.): cia an t-éntuillréim dég iollraidh ó nach beantur samhlughadh amhuil, IGT Introd. § 2. ? aer o bard benar, Laws v 228.28 .

v (Lat. benedico). Later also bennaigid. bendachadh, IGT Verbs § 106. Cf. also bennachtaid.

I

(a) blesses: mani bendachae gl. benedicite, Wb. 5d23 . hóre nonbendacha-ni, 11b7 . indatbendachub gl. nisi benedicens benedicam té, 33d11 . nobendachthar (= nobbendachthar, edd.) gl. si uultis benedici, Ml. 33d23 . bennach, a Dé . . . / dot laim deis in cule sa `bless, O God . . . with Thy right hand this store-room', Thes. ii 333.18 (Hy. v Comm.). sēnta (*sénaid-i, edd.) .i. bennachais, 337.34 . rodbendacha int athair ┐ in mac ┐ in spirud nōeb, ZCP xii 371.21 . náim Hérend and . . . / robennachsat in óenach, Metr. Dinds. iii 12.8 . gach fert no bhennaighfedh (bennochadh, v.l.), BNnÉ 295 § 22 . beinneóchar i ló a éaga é (= benedicetur, Eccles. i 13 ), TSh. 1145. maille les na huile bhendachtaibh . . . le mbendeócha Athair na trócaire = shall blesse, RSClára 48b . With DO: ro bendach do Dróbéis (= Drobaicam autem bene- dixit), Trip.² 1693. consecrates a church, etc.: Siluester pāpa issē ru-s-bennaigh in naoimh-eglus sin, Fl. Earls 194.29 . Ruadhan d'ár beannuigheadh Lothra `to whom L. . . . was dedicated', Keat. i 154.3 . beinneochuid íad féin = shall consecrate, Ezekiel xliii 26.

(b) greets, hails, salutes: bennaichmait gl. admunemar, Thes. ii 349.4 . nob-guidet .i. nob-bendachat gl. salutant, Wb. 7b21 . condambendachtais in maicc, TBC-I¹ 587. With DO: tair round ar co mbennachat in maccrad damsa wish me well (Wind.), TBC-LL¹ 1136. bennachuis cach da chele dib `each of them saluted the other', RC xiv 50 § 60.

II Of a cleric exercises ecclesiastical functions: Cluana Boirenn, in ro beandach Caireach Dearccain, AFM ii 630.9 . robhennachsa is Rónán / isin chill, Ériu v 94.28 . Fiachraigh, dithrebhach, ┐ do bendaigh fos is in Frainc, Mart. Don. Aug. 30. beann ar ar bheannaidh in Táilghionn `a hill which the T. blessed by dwelling on it' (Gloss.), Duan. F. ii 372 § 7.

part. is dia bendachthe isna bithu gl. benedictus, Wb. 4c4 . is bendachda ainm Ísu Crist, PH 2329. an bhuighean bheannaighthe bhláthchóir `the blessed . . . band' (of books, harp, etc.), Studies 1923, 599 § 18 .

As pl. subst. the beatitudes of Matthew v 3 - 10 : do na hochd mbeannaighthibh, Parrth. Anma 3253.

vbl. of necess.: bendachdai gl. benedicendi, Ml. 138a1 . is bennachda dún Dia (sic leg. ?), ZCP ii 135 § 10.

Vn. bennachad.

n (Cf. Hiberno-Latin bes(s)us Latin Letters in Early Christian Ireland xii 207 ). u, m. b.¤ m., IGT Decl. § 95.

(a) habit, custom, usual procedure, practice; manner, way: ni fil linn in béesso gl. consuetudinem non habemus, Wb. 11c21 . iudide ó béssaib, 10d35 . ithæ inso bésse inna fedb `these are the manners of the widows', 29a3 . ishé didiu a mb.¤ adi intí diib bes tresa orcaid alaile gl. more uiuitur bestiarum, Ml. 19d6 . ón bes dóindu gl. homano more, 51d25 . iarsin bǽs doindu, 127d15 . bithbethu iar ṁbes for Dé deis according to custom, SR 1497. modh (ón bh.¤), IGT Decl. § 95 (127.9) . b.¤ modh o eincheill araen (v.ll.), ib. n. 7 . cach cenél dib cona deilb ┐ cona bes ┐ cona aicned foleith (of animals), Ériu ii 126 § 89. gach béas ban da, DDána 114.30 . b.¤ duine dhubhaigh likeness , IGT Decl. ex. 1089. is bes tra . . . briathra na salm . . . do erlabrai ánd `it is customary', Ml. 26c6 . isse a bees . . . fogeir a nggalar in uile corp the disease is wont to inflame etc., Thes. ii 245.33 (Cambr.). is béss didu ind liacc benir (sic leg., note) ilbeim friss, Wb. 4d15 . isé b.¤ ind fir se marbad a óeged, Thes. ii 323.13 (Hy. iv Comm.). With DO: is bées . . . donaib dagforcitlidib molad ingni inna nétside, Wb. 11b6 . is b.¤ tra dosom anisiu, 22c10 . is bes do som tra buith cen chomaccomla, Ml. 28d6 . is b.¤ duibsi . . . ní réidid it is not your wont to drive, LU 5093 ( TBC-I¹ 607 ). is béas don bhláth machuire the field is natural to the flower, DDána 7.3 . With LA and OC: is b.¤ leosom in daim do thúarcuin, Wb. 10d6 . is bǽs linni epert gl. nobis moris est dicere, Ml. 30c3 . ar ba bes la suidib .u. tar hesi ṅí , Sg. 4a9 . ba b.¤ oc Rómanachaib, etc., PH 3291. ní béas eilte d'éis a laoigh / agam I do not practise the habit of a doe bereft of its fawn, DDána 69.25 .

In prep. phrases: (ó) b.¤ , (ó) bésaib: trebait isin cathraig . . . o b.cethecailsi na n-apstal in the Catholic manner of . . ., Anecd. iii 69.25 . Cf. bés (cen bes, v.l.) mora, Lament 88 § 1 . étiud bān bēsaib srotha `white raiment after the fashion of an elder', Ériu ii 66 § 13. ni bia o besaib mogha, Laws iv 16.23 . See Celtica vi 234.z. fo b.¤ : fo b.¤ srotha luaith `in the manner of a swift stream', Wb. 32c16 .

(b) In more specialized sense (particularly in pl.) moral(s), good behaviour: ar chuit óisa et bésa, Wb. 28d24 . cid maith a b.¤ oca thig his conduct, TFerbe 521 . riaglóir . . . / conoathar b.¤ `who preserves good manners' (in a monastery), Ériu iii 106 § 43. intamlid a béssu, Wb. 9a14 . asbera frib coteeet mo béssise gl. uias meas, 9a17 . bési nodaberat inæclis, 28d26 . inna mbéso (`rather bése,' note) sainemlae gl. morum, Ml. 30d15 . ar indí atreba bésu aristotil, Sg. 33a29 . cen buaidred ar do béssaib `no deterioration in thy conduct', PH 7552. do bhéasa ód óige = thy manner, Jeremiah xxii 21. ar bhéasaibh ná ar mhíbhéasaibh, DDána 120.29 .

(c) Legal customary (annual) (food-) rent (glossed biad uais, Laws ii 222.14 Comm.), tribute, etc. (see ZCP xiv 340.19 , Críth G. p. 75 , PRIA xxxvi C 283.25 ): sudiges bēs foruib nō cacht (etymol. of forbasach), Corm. Y 658. turcrec cacha besa of every annual rendering of tribute (Thurn.), ZCP xiv 341 § 3a . ná[d] fuiln(g)e a b.¤ tar molt cona ḟosair. Ma ḟorbera folud a thige . . . co mbí b.¤ a thige and íarna míad, Críth G. 80 , 83 . do berthar boin cech lis a Mumain duit . . . acht na derntar bes de, RC xliii 16 § 10. fri comus a mbesa ┐ a císa doib `to assess their tributes and taxes', Ériu xii 162 § 2. v. tricha in rig do ┐ cis ┐ bes do estib `rent and tribute for the five King's Cantreds', Ann. Conn. 1235.19 . See airchenda

Note also: b.¤ gl. idioma, Ml. 51c25 , 62d8 . dun b.¤ ebraidiu gl. Ebreco idiomati, 71c11 . anat n-uaibrigthi in bæsai cosecarthi gl. ritibus sacris, 100c16 .

Compds. bésgnethid gl. morigera, Thes. ii 3.29 . trisin ṁbæstindrim gl. per tropologiam, Ml. 41a2 . 48c11 .

n f. See GOI § 60 , § 72 , § 340 . a s. boin, Corm. Y 1103 , Vita Br. 24. g s. bou, Thes. ii 278.2 . bo, Vita Br. 24. d s. boin (cf. a mboi leó do bhú, Hugh Roe² 36.4 ). n p. baí, LL 33395 (TBFr.). ba, ML² 34 (see O'Rahilly, EIHM 462 n.2 ). b, Hugh Roe² 46.y . a p. báu, TBFr. 395. b, Ériu ii 20 § 1. g p. bao, Sg. 22b11 , Báu, LU 5373. b, Thes. ii 335.1 (Hy.v), bó, LL 33391 (TBFr.). d p. búaib, LL 22315. n du. di bai , Ml. 2b11 . a du. dí báe , TBFr. dā boin , Corm. Y 1082 (prob. a neologism, GOI § 340.2 ). b.¤ f., d s. boin, g s. g p. bó, n p. ba, bai ( baei: cnai, ex. 1623 ), d p. búaibh, a p. b, IGT Decl. § 86.

Ox, cow: inna mbao (innabao, MS.) gl. boum, Sg. 22b11 . bō nomen de sono factum suae uocis .i. ainm arna dēnam d'foghar in gotha uodēin, Corm. Y 134. b.¤ gl. vacca, Ir. Gl. 159. buachaill b.¤ gl. bubulcus, 583 . bō a boue .i. is coitcenn aní as bós, ut est duo juga bouum, non enim uaccas dixit , O'Mulc. 161. domaincheass ainm do boin .i. dammainchess .i. mainchess bō, ar is cotcend do ceniul a mbos, 321 . dicitur . . . redg frisin boin mir, Corm. Y 1103. coro dart boin dia búaib, LL 22315 ( Dinds. 113 ). rocuinnig seom boin co B., Thes. ii 340.17 (Hy. v Comm.). blegon inna mbō fo thrī, 335.1 (Hy. v). co tucad na bu co Loch L. . . . dia mblegon, 334.43 (Hy. v Comm.). carais forglu inna mbō, 340.1 (Hy. v). bo blegar fri fit, bo co ngalur, bo ciss flatha no eclasa, bo brothcain, Laws v 260.2 - 4 . turcreic bo cona timtach tricha set, ZCP xiv 361 § 19. ite ainmead bo ara n-athchuir etc., O'Curry 250 (H. 3.18, 145a). trí aithgine in domuin: brú mná, uth b.¤, ness gobann, Triads 148 . eacmaing a bhái ana . . . do breith dolēic, ZCP xiii 172.18 . oc tabairt tānae b.¤ húait, Sc.M² 11. i rrechtaib b.¤ ┐ dam ┐ ech (rhet.), LU 8367 ( FB 24 ). rucad láeg mo bo fadéin . . . uaim-se, CRR 3. co mblighfidhe ó na buaibh / sáith f[h]er n-Ēirenn re h-aon-uair, ML² 138. cethracha b.¤ mbreithi mbalcc `forty strong milch cows', Celtica iv 12.21 . buachaill ag na buaib, Laws iv 86.3 Comm. gur f[h]āgaib gach bō 'gā bōthar, ML² 1255. no-chennachtís na bú, PH 4494. no-chennaigitis na bai . . . isin tempul, 4510. ar boin cach naidche ailes `for he deserves (i.e. claims) a cow every night', Laws ii 136.8 . ansom . . . bai briugad . . . teora bae i muin na trissi bo cows of a briugu (of interest due for use when given as pledge), v 400.20 . trí haige bruithi and, a dauim, no a boin, co na timthach di saill no charna, i 48.3 Comm. cuic ba imorro in gach indligedh athgabala `five cows . . . (is) . . . (the fine) for illegal distress', ii 100.4 Comm. in t-airi ard .i. da ba deg a eniclann, v 46.11 Comm. Bríg . . . is lé tomlachta na bae fothrí i n-oenló, Fél. 56.15 . cain Daire ga[n] bú do marbad, 210.33 . lenaid b.¤ odar eisium, ┐ corbo isin in Odor Ciarain (hence the name of the Codex Lebor na Huidre Book of the Dun Cow), 202.33 . intan dono no gesed in tarb bai ocaib no thiagdais ba in tire comfoco[i]s, Dinds. 142. ro ghad boin o Ciaran . . . ro innto an buin go Ciaran doridhisi, BNnÉ 109 § 38 . ní bhean boin do baintrebhthaigh, IGT Decl. ex. 509. luaith na b.¤ do bheith ar n-a hiodhbairt, TSh. 437. i gcuibhreann na mb.¤ fán bhféar (of Nabuchadonosar), 3464 . ó tharlais gan bhrat gan bhú, Measgra D. 27.34 . mairg nach tabhair bloigh na b.¤ / [san] chró [a d]taraidh 'n-a boin bheo alas for him who does not give (to God) a portion of the cow (i.e. some of his wealth) for it will be a whole cow in heaven, DDána 42.39 . ná bíodh aca choidhche, daimh, ba, ná tréuda cáorach = kyne, RSClára 108a . b.¤ sa bhoin `a cow for cow', Eg. Gl. 739. In legal contexts frequently a unit of value (Plummer MS. notes), see Binchy, Críth G. (p. 106 ): secht seoit sin da tecait ceithre ba .i. bo mór and ┐ se samaisce ar trí buaib, in bo riu, conid ceithri ba, O'Curry 195 - 196 (H.4.22, 8). naoi marg xxit do bhuaibh no darget `29 marks . . . in cows or in money', Trans. RIA xv (1826) 33.25 .

Of land: ined da boo deac di thir, AU i 288.11 (see Mac Neill, PRIA xxxvi 286 n. 2 ).

In phrr. in various applications: b.¤ bainne, Laws ii 176.16 Comm. b.¤ blicht, Lat. Lives 103.2 . ár mbadh bhí bleacht, ZCP v 214.368 (Midn. Court). in bo derba `milch cow', Laws ii 162.8 Comm. (`cow of the (milk)-pail' (Thurn.), ZCP xx 199 n.7 ). b.¤ ḟind óderg white red-eared cow `often mentioned in early Irish literature as a choice breed of cattle,' Bergin, Ériu xiv 170 and Peritia xix 239-55 : roerbad iarom b.¤ find audercc dia taiscid ┐ ba slan di, Vita Br. 5. bo find ó. leo, LU 4410. secht mba finna ō-derga, ML² 34. dobert a máthair dí báe déc dó assint shíd, it é finda óiderga, TBFr. 5. b.¤ bháthair a stray cow , IGT Decl. ex. 1354. Note also: bo fri blícht, Laws i 122.10 .i. i n-aimsir lachtha isin tsamradh, 126.19 Comm. bó allaid (`stag', Plummer MS. notes), perh. hind: tuc fer boin allaid leis dia hidpairt, LB 152a58 . b.¤ féich: tighail .i. (sic leg.) crīch dédenach tairic in bō fēich cow paid as last payment of debt due (?), O'Mulc. 862. b.¤ ḟeisi (see Bürgschaft 66 , 78 ): ised slan ngell .i. ba fesi gell, tricha a lin . . . ┐ diabludh fiach for bidbuid cows of spending the night (part of compensation payable by defaulting debtor to his surety, kept in captivity by creditor), Laws ii 136.5 Comm. cu nícand dech mbu feisi ┐ logh einech, O'D. 87 (H.3.17, 73). b.¤ indláeg see indláeg and, Ériu xx 231 - 2 . b.¤ gabála a (beef-)cow levied as a due (see gabál): bo g. .i. mart, no in b.¤ méth, ut est athgabail b.¤ gabala . . . .i. in bo marta nó atgabail gabair im boin marta, O'Dav. 284. b.¤ lethgabála (expld. by O'Curry, Manners and Customs iii 519 n. 580 as `rate in aid of a cow (perh. half the cow's value) levied to meet the requisition of the officer for the relief of the poor' (i.e. the huaitne fonluing, etc.). dlighidh . . . boin lethgab[ala], 519.17 . b.¤ marta beef-cow , see 2 mart. b. threlóeg a cow having had three calves: .i. cuinnid co hobonn boin treloegh , Bretha 42 § 33.6 . .i. ni truma na inni ata ina thoirsiugud umpu na bo trelaog , 44 § 34.9 . tri ba inlaega ar da m-buaib tre laega , Laws i 102.19 Comm . b.¤ thúir see 2 túr.

In nn. loc. (see also Hog. Onom.): Campulus Bouis . . . Ached bou, Thes. ii 278.2 . o Inis bo finne, Fél. 184.18 . Bernas ṁ Bāu (= Báu, LU 5373 ) Cūailnge, TBC-I¹ 897.

Compds. With nouns: cin boainmead without bovine defect(justifying, if present, the cancellation of a purchase, Plummer MS. notes), O'Curry 250 (H.3.18, 145). bó-ár name of a cattle-disease, RC xii 428 § 17. boár .i. sgamach nó maolgarb (see bódíth infra) no galur righín, O'Dav. 291. iar dteacht do bh.¤ nó do bhó-dhíth chuca i n-aimsir C[h]ormaic mic Airt, Ériu i 89 § 36. bóbard seventh class of sóer bard, IT iii 5.10 . bobard dō, suithi ndebidi scarta la sen etir fod ┐ cuimri, etir trebrad ┐ sned, 28 § 67 . aisti bobaird . . . .i. debidi nimrínd ┐ debide scailti etir fot ┐ gair, 45 § 66 . Dond Cúalnge . . . / co ndernsat imme in mbó-brait ` Cattle-Raid ', Metr. Dinds. iii 370.8 . screpul cach bóbotha ` cow-shed ', RC xiv 430 § 56. Dari [.i.] bóchana, fedb, Gorm. Nov. 2. Cf. cain Darí, cen bú do gait, Thes. ii 306.28 , see Thurneysen, ZCP xviii 386. ro metadh blicht cacha bo-cheathra, MR 100.20 . See bóchar. go ndeachaidh do chosnamh a bhóichreche orra `to protect his cows against them', AFM iii 224.6 . crecsluaighedh . . . d'ar comairmedh secht cata deg do bochrudh of property in cattle, AU ii 506.20 . leisin mbréid sróllchon sénta / bóchrodh téid dá thaiscélta, IGT Decl. ex. 71. bruach do bhiadhfadh bóchuingir a yoke of oxen, Ó Bruad. iii 88.16 . ? ba flaith os chuan cach curaich / fo bái slúag in bo-chumaid, Metr. Dinds. iv 338.8 . ina bai bit a mbodaingen `cows should be in a cow-fastness' (i.e. at nightfall), Laws iv 96.25 . See bódela. at crothle garmilíne / at búanaind bodelbae in the shape of a cow (?), LU 8366 ( FB 24 ). bodibad mor fo Erind destruction of cattle, AU i 470.22 . doroine bo-dhibadh mór (of an invad- ing chief), ii 118.21 . (as epithet) Bresal Bodibadh, MacCarthy 302.9 . bo-dhíth mhór ind Erinn, dá ngoirthí Maolgarbh `murrain', AFM ii 1044.11 . earrach an bhó-dhíthe, ALC i 494.15 . bó-dún see badún. moch i.e. bo-erge lit. cow-rising (gl. buaroch), O'Dav. 215 (see Ériu xiii 14.29 ). no sechmallad . . . in ṁbeoḟeoil `the beef ', RC xx 262.19 (ACC Comm.). co tuc boghabhail moir a great prey of cattle, AU i 526.4 . nía boidb bógeimnech (rhetoric), LU 5326 (TBC). bōger ` beef- lard ', MacCongl. 79.23 . bogeltach faithche .i. fer meite coimse na teit tar crich . . . bogeltach .i. fer fogelta a bu a faithce ar cach nach déis etar coin allta ime . . . ni dligh dire na saire ` cow-grazier ', Laws iv 344.5 , 352.18 , 21 Comm. bóguin, see Wortk. 146 : (g s. as epithet) Enna Bōguine (B. ōtāt Cenēl m Bógaine, v.l.), Corp. Gen. 163.2 . Cf. Boguinig `the descendants of Enna Boghuine' (note), MR 156.10 . co ro slecht in buar uile, co n-ebert: "Is bo-guine andso ┐ bid [sed] (?) ainm na benni[se]." Unde . . . Beann Bogaine `a cow- slaughter', Dinds. 142. ingen in righ .i. Boguine a ainm-siden, ACL iii 324.7 . sinum lactis .i. genus uasis .i. bomilge `of cows milk', Thes. ii 48.30 . boogam .i. lilgach ar aicme bethi . . gamnach ar aicme huatha . . . samaisc ar aicme muine, Auraic. 5759. bō-otrac[h] cow-dung , Corm. Y 196. conamailt saill ┐ bōṡaill foa corned beef (?), Corm. Y 883 (76.11) . ethar bec . . . bōshaille `of beef-fat', MacCongl. 85.10 . boseiche ` cow-hide ', Laws iv 148.19 Comm. it séoit bóṡlabra[e] direnatar dó, Críth G. 120. tri cóecait cét boslabraidh ` dower-kine ', RC xvii 214.4 (Tig.) = bó ṡlabhra, Keat. iii 2243 . bo-ṡlechta `the law concerning cows', Ann. Inisf. 810. rith cana boileachta `des Rinder betreffenden Gesetzes', ZCP xviii 383.14 . cain boiliuchta (i.e. `the law that treats of cow-killing, cow stealing, etc.' n. 1), Laws iii 110.4 Comm. seacht cumala lana for fer nurradais mboslechta .i. iar marba buachalla, no airamhain. No is comlaithred deisi iar ngait, O'Curry 2440 ( Eg. 88, 36 ra. ) ` cattle-tracking ', O'Gr. Cat. 97 § 42. bosluaiged lit. host of cattle gl. mammona, Ir. Gl. 300. botheach ` cow house ', Laws v 514.35 Comm. bótháin cow raid : rohir dam . . . .x. mbuachailli botana, Ériu ii 3.14 . ron-íurusa im chét mbó bódána, BDD² 267 = bóthána, LU 6763. co n-immad ech ┐ bótháinte, LU 3911 ( SCC 42 ). no geibed Flidais . . . do bóthorud of livestock, TBFlidais 88 . co tí in bo dia botreib, BB 397b2 . in a bo-tuar (`cow dung ', Plummer MS. notes), Laws v 464.13 Comm.

With adjj.: bo-abartach, abairt amail in mboin `behaving like the cow', O'Dav. 316 ( Ériu xiii 29.10 ). brucchaid bó-cédach, BNnÉ 137.9 `with hundreds of kine', Keat. ii 4682. Bernngal Bóchétach, Acall. 5322.

With bú-: ? maccaim beca buaigelta (buaidhghela, v.l.), TTebe 1372 . Cf. bógeltach. a ccreachghabhala cruidh ┐ cethra broide ┐ búalmha, Hugh Roe² 204.32 . for buageltach ṁBreg (of Cú Chulainn), LL 12569 ` guardian ', RC xiv 398 § 1 . Buagelltaig, LU 9084 ( FB 83 ), cf. BDD² 1209.

See bárach, bóaire, bóbath, bólacht, bómlacht, bóraime, 1, 2 búarach.

n o, m. See GOI § 80 , § 150 , § 279 . brat m. d s. brut, brot, IGT Decl. § 75. cloak, mantle , see Windisch, IT ii1 214.91 , Shaw, Ériu xvi 200 f . brat a bratio (Lat. brattea) ōn dulind libuir ar a cosmailes diblīnaib. Nō breō .i. tene ar fuit é, Corm. Y 164. brat graece brath in lamminas a tenuitate (βρατυν lamina, Etym. xvi 18.2 , ed. Lindsay), O'Mulc. 126. lend .i. . . . lō find .i. ainm do brut find, Corm. Y 837. brat .i. ba ar fuit .i. ar fuacht, O'Dav. 289. brael .i. brat, Goid. 75 § 30 (Dúil Laithne). amal immetimcheltar nech hua brot gl. sicut pallio amictus, Ml. 121a1 . trisin mbrat find gl. pallio . . . albo, Tur. 55. lenn no brat formtha gl. sagana (sic), Sg. 51b9 . triasin mbrat = clamidem, Lat. Lives 88 § 82. brat forptha `overcoat´ Études Celt. xxii 223 . i lleth a broitt = truncatus habitus, ibid. ticfa tailcend . . . / a b.¤ tollcend his (Patrick's) mantle with a hole at the top, Trip.² 340. atchiu form brat (brot, v.l.) brodrad nais `I see on my cloak the stains of age', Lament 25 . conidtuil L. for a brut `L. slept upon his cloak', Mon. Tall. 155.10 . brat cas corcra fo loí chaín a woven crimson cloak of smooth fleece, BDD² 6. asa brotsom, TBC-I¹ 503. co n-accai in mnaí bruit úani chucai, LU 3336 ( SCC 13 ). brat corcra, Cóir Anm. 55. bruitt forglassa uli impu, TBC-LL¹ 177. brat d'olainn oenchoerach, SG 80.34 . a beand imle bruít dar broind in balbduine, BB 295b25 . isin brut (brot, v.l.) caem corrtharach, TTebe 2437 . cēd brat, cēd matal mōirdhes (items of tribute), ZCP viii 116 § 2. do luigh fa a brat (: mac), DDána 26.31 . i mbrataib loma out at elbows, O'Gr. Cat. 482.13. an chloch uassal ro buī ag comdūnadh a bruit (of a Pope), Fl. Earls 172.29 . triar i mbrataibh bráthardha `in monks' habit', Aithd. D. 75.21 . With qualifying words. b.¤ co n-auib, i forcipul, i filliud, b.¤ luascach, see Shaw, loc. cit. and 3 ó, forcipol, filliud, lúascach.

In more general application covering, cover; cloth, etc. (lit. and fig.): imbet bruit ┐ bīdh food and clothing, Anecd. v 25.4 . ni biad tacha broit na biid ann co brath no scarcity of clothing or food, Goid. 104.8 (Lib. Hymn.). tarla in gaeth [i]na ndiaidh isin bhrut `sail', Lism. L. 2083. bratgal na mbrat siúil risna bennaib, LL 32230 `of the sails', TTr. 1420. co mbrut find `with . . . a white sheet' (of scaring oxen), Laws iii 270.20 Comm. ni coir fo brataib fer forinnet coemdai (of bedclothes), Laws v 132 n. 2 . roir dom . . . .x. mbrait (mbroit, mbrata, v.ll.) mbreccphupaill, Ériu ii 4.16 . bruit derga nó bruit loi .i. pill nó echdhíllat, ib. n. 71 . bruit luaidhe umpu wrappings of lead around them (of defensive spikes), CCath. 192. in brat uair nach nighter `the cloth', Laws i 176.9 Comm. brat roinnte an teampoill = the veil, Matthew xxvii 51. ailiff . . . ar ar n-a himfholach do bratoip saitīn ┐ sīoda hangings, Fl. Earls 172.24 . múir na cathrach . . . d'fholach do bhrataibh dubha, TSh. 5597. le brataibh `with flags', O'Rah. 198.z .

In pl. braitt beca: is air nohailtea iat asa mbratuibh beca `from their swaddling-clothes', Marco P. 36. Cf. ina becbrataib, Blathm. 34.

Fig. in brat uane `the cloak of green' (of new grass, etc.), Lament 21 . a brat líg (of a place), LL 7226 (Hail Brigit 20). brat geal re headh an Faíligh, IGT Decl. ex. 810 . im-rualaid b.¤ dar grēin `has drawn a cloak across the sun' (of a disaster), Ériu xx 194 § 14. b.¤ in aeoir fhuasnadaig, PH 8160. fai bhrat a ccré `under cover in clay', IT ii2 116. 14 . do thréig a brat clúmha an choill / brat ar mac Úna a ḟochaind a shroud on U.'s son, IGT Decl. ex. 1261. fada do bhádur fa bhrut `in obscurity', O'Hara 1189. ar cóir nDé go ndeachaidh brat, DDána 15.9 . sochaide ḟāgbus a brat / icon cōicait imchomarcc (i.e. will be baffled by or work hard at the fifty problems ?), ZCP iv 235.2 . bidh a cin for a lepuidh, bruit, ┐ biud responsibility for his crime is incurred by the harbourer who provides him with clothing and food (?), Laws iv 240.8 .

Other applications: hi ṁbrot glass `in a gray mantle' (of bird's plumage), Thes. ii 290.9 . da ndeach cum na sul . . . faguid brat orro (= tela, Vocab.), Rosa Angl. 310.3 . a cur fó na súilibh ┐ scaoilidh a mbrait ┐ a salchar ` webs ', O'Gr. Cat. 226.28. do thuiteadar na bruit bhí ar a shúilibh = squamae ( Acts ix 18 ), Eochairsg. 85.10 . lind serb do bratoib cuilend `of leaves of holly' (Index), O'Mulc. 815. In phr. bratt boinne placenta : is amlaidh sin gabus in lenam siubal ona teghais .i. on brat boinne, Irish Texts v 38.4 . cinnus is coir in brat boinne d'innarbad da roib fostad air deis in leinim do breith, Irish Texts v 40 § 22 . cuir grainne spuirsi no eorna a n-aigid gacha bliadhna annsa brat boinne, Irish Texts v 36.11 . ? ar is innte fo-gebed a sháith min-arāin; ┐ no bíd ┐ bratt boinni odarda imme, MacCongl.² 21.644 .

Compds. With adjj. caladh B. bhinn bhratduinn `brown-clothed harbours', RC xlix 173 § 28. tar muir mbraitfhinn ` white-cloaked ', Ir. Review 1913, 623 § 4 . fo chír blonci bratgile `of white-mantling lard', MacCongl. 37.34 . M. meic B. bratmhais, ZCP viii 218.z . os Banba bratrúaid ` ruddy-vestured ', MacCarthy 156 § 5 . ingen B. brat-ṡolois ` bright-robed ', Metr. Dinds. ii 78.2 . in ben bratthūaine ` green-cloaked ', ZCP viii 268 § 48. With subst. In follg. with semantic infection of bra lín: sínte a mbratlín (of the burial of Christ) linen cloth, Parrth. Anma 4332. bradlín, 5586 . See 2 blaí, brotbla. breathnas .i. dealg. ó bhratnasc tig, O'Cl. in brat-nellgal oeingheal (of chalk from shields), CCath. 5874 .

n prob. special application of 1 búalad. Expld. as bathing, healing, curing: bualadh .i. leigheas, O'Cl. do īcc ┐ būalad a crēcht do uscib Conailli, TBC-I¹ 2737. ní bhi déis gleó don Ruarcach / tarbha a mbualadh (glossed leigheas) fir othair, Hard. ii 294.16 . See 1 and 2 búal.

n (orig. both ā, f. ? See GOI 170 , 186 ). both, Wb. 25a13 , 26b21 , Thes. ii 344.4 (Hy. v), LU 10943. boith ( a s.), Hail Brigit 13 . buid 9 times in Wb., once in Ml. bith, Wb. 5a13 (d s.), 11c10 (n s.), Thes. ii 329.36 (d s.). bid (d s.), Wb. 15a20 . Usual mid. Ir. form bith (b.¤ occurs 3 times in LU Táin as against 7 exx. of bith and 2 of beith, Ériu xvii 127 . In Trip. bith occurs 9 times, beith once, ZCP xvi 446 ). g s. bu(i)the (bithe cited GOI 450 ). In later lang. be(i)th (cf. nébeth = nebbuith, Wb. 9b17 (1 nem-), beith, Fél. Ep. 172 , BDD² 260 ). See PH. On LU Táin and Trip. see above. See beith, Desid. p. 270 § 28. an bheith, cert ar a comair aici (med na bethe (beithe) aice, v.l.), IGT Verbs § 7.

Vn. of attá. (a) being, existing. Occas. as vn. where finite form would be copula (see GOI 493 ): b.¤ nochtchenn, Wb. 11c12 . iar mb.¤ socumail, Ml. 44c6 . forṁbith iarmui do A., SR 3498. a mbith cobsaid, Trip.² 41. ar mbeith ollamh n-ealadhan `when he was perfected in his art', TD 3.9 .

Folld. by prep. governing accus. or dat. (see attá ff. and the several prepp.) nom. b. cen æccne, Wb. 2a17 . buid and `to be there', 5b43 . b.¤ i mbethid noib, Ml. 74d9 . b.¤ re lechdachaib, Sg. 6a8 . b.¤ (beith, bith, v.ll.) i ngéillius maicc Maire, Thes. ii 321.4 (Hy. ii). manitcoiscea son bith for usci ┐ bargin `if this do not check thee, then thou shalt put thyself on bread and water', Mon. Tall. 142.12 (§ 37) . bith dia deis hi flaith nime, Trip.² 284. ní rēith b.¤ fris it is difficult to cope with him, TBC-I¹ 1490. ní heól do B. bheith le cóir `knows not contentment with justice', TD 29.14 . accus. and dat. foruar buid cen engne, Wb. 2a18 . tri b.¤ isna fochaidib doib, Ml. 46c11 . asrubartsom b.¤ cen anland `he told (me) to go without condiment', Mon. Tall. 144.9 (§ 45) . at-bert na ragad, acht bith oc frithálim, etc. but that he would be, MU² 43 (see note). gan bheith le Dia, Dán Dé x 27 . i gcoimmeas ré bheith i n-éagmais, etc., TSh. 4436. gen. buithe innadiad `in that it is after it', Ml. 35b23 . buthe for longais gl. cum metu, 39a5 . ré hucht bheithe ag déanamh crábhaidh, TSh. 424.

With subjective gen. a mb.¤ immallei `that they should be together', Wb. 10a4 . is airchen á buid, 11d3 . for mb.¤-si in iriss, 14c43 . ar mb.¤ fo mám pectho, 21b5 . mo b.¤ i carcair, 23b21 . dliged buithe in boicht fo mam int sommai, Ml. 27d7 . a b.¤ ind remṡuidigtheo fodeod, Sg. 212a10 . a buitsem hi comsuidigud, 216b2 . a bheith conad fidh neimhidh e `its being a "nemedh" tree', Laws iv 170.14 Comm. bá córu a bith combad aegairi he should have been, Trip.² 210. madh ro cinnedh ré fair, is a beith for in ré `it shall be according to the time', Laws iv 132.18 Comm. a mbith ule that they should all be (so) (of list of precepts), LU 3508 ( SCC 27 ). innat-ḟail tall ?—Cosmail mo bith it looks as if I was, Fing. R. 977. do bith-siu ar bantincur mnaa, TBC-LL¹ 8. a beith-si 'ga iarraid, TTebe 2752 . ar sgáth a beith pósta aige, TSh. 5506.

With logical subject introduced by DO: buid domsa in iriss that I am a believer, Wb. 5b20 . buid dond ingin inógi, 10b20 . buithe dúibsi i peccad, 14d7a . ní eperr b.¤ cen peccad doib, Ml. 76a6 . bith má de do b.¤ daitsiu hi coimthecht oco `from thy being associated in it', Sg. 2a7 . b.¤ donaib ócaib cen bíad, Fraech 126 . bith, 129 . fuarais ó Dhia . . . bheith saoghlach dúinn, TD 14.35 . bheith don Bhanbha . . . / 'na héantuinn ḟaghla, 7.28 . ar mbeith slán dóibh when they are whole, TSh. 904. go beith ar meisge dhó, 2006 .

With prec. DO expressing purpose: do b.¤ in óentid coirp crist gl. uocati estis in uno corpore, Wb. 27b23 . do buid fom chumachtu gl. quos mihi dedit Deus, 32d7 . it hé atá chórai do b. i foitsiu thaige ríg, Críth G. 584. na tri .xl. aidchi do bith for usciu ┐ bargin, Mon. Tall. 143.22 (§ 42) .

In dependent construction x do b.¤ that x is, should be : ni coir descad pectho do b.¤ i sollumun agni , Wb. 9b13 . cumtubart do b.¤ isindí as quis , Ml. 46c 18 - 19 . ba compes ba riagoldae do b.¤ `that there should be c.', Sg. 57b8 . menmæ do b.¤ hi figraib in offrind, Thes. ii 255.13 (Stowe M.). far coin . . . / do buid la far n-echtrata, AU i 138.12 . Ísu a (leg. do ?) beth 'n-a mac mna pósta, PH 2677. ní háil linn sibh do bheith ainbhfiosach = nolumus vos ignorare, TSh. 8629. cionnas is féidir sin do bheith ?, Donlevy 246.14 .

Life, material existence : ar mbeith ┐ ar mbeatha, Parrth. Anma 2450. grádh do thabhairt . . . don bheith = el ser (Gloss.), Desid. 2362.