geminating particle used before numerals when predicative or substantival and not otherwise defined, see GOI 243 , 679 ; SGS v 42f. a hoen, a dó, a trí trel / a do friu conid cuicḟer, SR 741 . a deich , Fél. Oct. 9 v.l. nach sal aslénna ainech duini biit a trí ocá díunuch, Críth G. 308 . cis lir fodhla for cintaib . . . a secht, Laws iv 240.1 . a tri inda degaid cach caocait, Mon. Tall. 140.30 (§ 33) . arna hathleagad fecht for a sé i.e. seven times, CCath. 4679 . atáid a dó dheag re a n-áireamh, TSh. 1554 . cá mhéid obair . . . ann? a cethair deug, Donlevy 194.23 . a cūig dhíobh ar son esbuidhe na hegluise ┐ an sesiodh . . ., RSClára 152b . Particle omitted in: ó óen co a cóic, Auraic.² 51 § 6,3 . quae sunt unum et duo et tria, et simul sex fiunt gl. óin ... dáu a trian a trí alleth á sé, Thes. ii 31.27 .

v dá deich mbliadhan atgleam / ar naoi cétaibh as moam, AFM ii 606.16 . ?o rig Caisil adglési (: Dési) claidem co nór (ni chlé se, v.l.), Leb. Cert. 82.6 . is isin . . . asbert-som cet aer adgleoad a nErind riam that was ever composed in Ireland(?), YBL 138a5 . Cf. as-gleinn.

adj o, ā (1 áes) aged (so many years etc.); aged, ancient: ba hæsach deich mbliadne, Lism. L. 3404 . for Herind aesaig uasail, LL 596 . ó nach aiseach (aosmhar, v.l.) sinn re comrac primlaech, CF 443 . da mbeth sé aesach ann i.e. if he had long been in possession, O'D. 1959 ( Eg. 90 f.7(8)b ).

n (Lat. agmen, see Vendr. Lex.) host of ten thousand millions (according to list of large numbers in SR): deichturba derb na ṅdroṅg ṅden / issed tiagait in-a.¤ / deich n-aigmen aṅgel . . ., SR 774 . secht deich a.¤ do aṅglib, 780 . cia lín d'agmenuib aingel, ZCP iv 235.6 . deich n-agmine lín gach arcaingil, 25 .

n (with unlen. -d-). f. Doublet of ernail, O'Rahilly, Ériu xiii 182 . equivalent amount: urdāil frighed as much as a flesh-worm, ZCP vii 302.35 . gan urdail (: Gulbain) an uain, Irish Texts ii 8 § 15 . fogēbtha dam-sa a n-irdāil-se, Ériu i 46.3 (= foghébhaso an ernail cēdna doridhisi, RC xxvi 374.20 ). coic mili dec fad in fhoslongpuirt ┐ in urduil cetna ar lethud ann, ZCP vi 59.2 . urduil ind éin `as much as the weight of', 284.22 . urdail an dadoimh (not) even an atom, Desid. 2218 . na caith an urdail sin na mera fuigleach talgais agud do not eat so much that a little of your appetite will not remain, 23 P 10 (iii), 30a9 . urduil ar thuit do doinib ann sin, Ann. Conn. 1369.11 . tearc aón maith . . . gan a huirdail uilc, Ó Héodhusa 252.6 . céad urdail a ndubhairt mē adéarainn . . ., Content. xv 75 . tri hurdail, PH 7561 . na secht pecaidh . . . a n-urdail sin do ṡalmuibh glanus an anmain, ZCP xiii 10.5 . is airdhala do neoch frisa cinnenn ardaigh a áoisi namá `he is worthy of any man whom he may meet', Misc. Hag. Hib. 21.4 . a.¤ FRI (RE): ni bec limsa urdail ris i.e. as much as he gets, Acall. 6003 (is lor limsa a oiret v.l.). ni thibar . . . / acht urdail re cach noclach, Metr. Dinds. iv 6.20 . urdail d'aimsir ré a athair, TD 32.38 . atáid rér oile i n-urdail `are equal', Content. vi 59 . a.¤ ocus: da urdail (: cumgaig) é is énteidm i.e. it is a double misfortune, Caithr. Thoirdh. 59.35 . baoi Eochaidh a urdháil soin ┐ deich céad dá n-iomurcaidh E. was as much as ten hundred stronger than they, L. Cl. A. B. 26.25 . a c[h]oibēis ┐ a aurdail do loghadh . . . ┐ do raghadh . . ., Fl. Earls 212.18 . a urdail do deighinntinn . . . ┐ mar do ragdaoiss sa gcathraigh sin `as much satisfaction as if they had gone to that city', 12.17 .

n u m. Later also f. Peritia v 91-92 . oireacht m. IGT Decl. § 24 .

(a) name given to the public assembly of freemen and later of the more important families in the territory whose functions included the transaction of certain important legal business; hence court ; see Críth G. p. 73 . On use in titles of Law-tracts see Jn. Celt. Stud. ii 188-92 . Sometimes used with dáil (distinction not clear). In more general sense gathering, assembly: airect gl. curia, Thes. ii 42.5 . cis lir cenēla airechta dochusin la Fēne? . . . a cōic: taeba.¤, a.¤ uirdnidhe ┐ a.¤ fo leth et a.¤ fodesin how many kinds of a. are there? ZCP xii 359.13 ( Cóic Con. p. 62 ) (see also cúl, taeba. ¤, oirdnide, leth, fadéin II (g)). ni tualaing rodgaba athgabail . . . manis comtheit suithengthad fó searnad airechta conid fri rosc ruirther who would arrange the procedure of the a., Laws i 84.10 .i. fer gaeth . . . srethaig dligedh in a.¤ , 20 Comm. (see fo-sern). is dithre o lesaibh airechta is excluded from redress in the a., 12 . ecuma airechta i.e. persons unqualified to plead before an a.¤ (?), 27 . co roisc a.¤ do timurcain till an a. has been collected together, 202.11 Comm. tacra la fear nad airbir a leass a n-a.¤ , v 252.11 . is do anfuiglib airechta wrong judgements of an a., 442.27 . is go airechta a n-astad a false finding of the a.(?), 510.2 . is sed is roairde ngotha and ma[d] mo na lucht na airechta do cluin he (of methods of pleading), Cóic Con. 34 § 36 . inurcra a feib . . . .i. in urcra do dul ina airmitin airechta i.e. his qualifications for the a.¤, O'D. 519 ( H 3.17, c. 422 ). nach dál ┐ nach oirecht conrisar la túathu ┐ rígu, Ériu ii 210 § 33 . a ndail no a n-airacht, Cóic Con. 18 § 10 , 49 § 92 , O'Curry 1206 ( H 3.18, 482a ). bethi fo seilib . . . hi cach airiucht i mbed, Trip.² 1590 . naim airthir in domain ina n-airiucht fo leith, LU 1970 ( FA § 4 ). doscuiched dochum na hairechta . . . ni roairig duine isindairiucht (of a horseman approaching a concourse on a hill), RC viii 50.15 . [l]e toidheachd uī Chuinn chugoibh / ō [a] oireacht, O'R. Poems 2570 . doching side for lar na hairechto, IT iii 239.128 . ro marbhadh somh . . . ar lár an aireachta, AFM iii 48.13 . cen dul ḟer i n-a.¤ ṁban, Metr. Dinds. iii 18.225 . Iuil . . . ro marbad ina h-airect h-fein i.e. the Roman Senate, Todd Nenn. 62.1 . mor-a.¤ na n-uli Iúdaide the Sanhedrin, PH 3711 . Name applied to the collective `ollavs' and pleaders of a territory: gurab ar ollamuin ┐ aighni na crichi tug dliged d'ainm forro airacht eolach no aineolach, O'Curry 2270 ( Eg. 88 fo. 20(21)b ). aighne airechta, name of a special kind of advocate: aighni airechta . . . . fer son ro huca a les do a.¤ ┐ dodnacair indi. Indfiadar do in les. Tanacair iarum on trath co raile . . . aignis lais uile ┐ nascairecht ┐ berrad ┐ comaidhches ┐ cain lanomhnai ┐ maccslechtai ┐ deich seotu uad do fer belrai lais ndeni ┐ a recht ┐ trian cach besa do cadesin ma tobach, O'Curry 813 (H. 3.18, 375a).

(b) Collective name for the leading nobles of a territory: a.¤ na aicme na ard-cinedh d'feraib Ereann, MR 248.26 . Mac D. . . . ┐ gach aon oile dá oireachtaibh `vassal chiefs', Maguires of F. § 10 . a urradha ┐ a ardtóisig . . . ┐ a oireacht, Hugh Roe 12.19 (fo. 3b) . d'éag a huaisle 's a hoireacht, Measgra D. 55.61 . nó go mbeadh oireacht mar ibh / ag toigheacht go teach taoisigh, DDána 71.22 . as iad fa ceud oireacht do ag gabháil righe Condacht, Hy Fiach. 52.14 . atá d'a eagla ara oireachtaib he is so feared by his subjects, Hy Maine 141.1 . mac duine oireachta `son of a chieftain', AFM v 1582.y . oireacht Chonaill mic Aodha `the party of', Keat. iii 1427 . With extended meanings: Oireacht Mhaoise the children of Israel, DDána 74.21 . an t-oireacht brónach (of the damned), IGT Decl. ex. 1170 . oirecht na haithrighe (penitents), ZCP viii 216.5 . do b'é in toirecht gan imsním (of the sons of Morna), SG 138.39 . Of military divisions or levies: ro erig cach saer-slúag . . . .i. cach a.¤ 'ar n-iadud fa'n aird-rig, MR 214.13 . sluag Emna, a.¤ Uladh, 212.10 . tucsat a clár clé fri a.¤ ar ammus ind átha (here the a.¤ consisted of Cú Ch. and Laeg representing Ulster), TBC-LL¹ 1872 . cuir uait t'armu . . . co raccillem in n-a.¤ `till we parley with the host' (of champions in single combat), Metr. Dinds. iv 360.140 . ac forind dona fearaib . . . ac airiucht aile dib, TTebe 1400 . ón oirecht Fhailghech `the host of Offaly', Studies 1920, 417.21 .

(c) patrimony, territory: taisigh [do] nach biad oirreachta no fearann taisigheachta, O'Curry 287 ( H 3.18, 158 ). ni gebhaitt da éis go cert / righe ar iath na ar oireacht (a curse on a family), BNnÉ 285 § 272 . maithi inn arechta `the chief men of the lordship', Ann. Conn. 1225.18 .

adj io, iā See GOI p. 346 note and Celtica i 322 . evident, well known, famous: eirgnæ gl. evidens, Wb. 14a12 . nipo irgnae gl. peccatum non inputabatur, 3a1 . dígrais (.i. ergna) cloth, Thes. ii 344.3 . do séolcrandaib ardaib ergnaib, TTr.² 843 . in chros argna `the celebrated cross', Todd Nenn. 66.14 . ba cóem . . . ┐ ba hirgna in phelait rígda, TFerbe 401 . ba hurgna in pealaid righda, Aen. 1557 . deich caindelbra d'or ergna, Rawl. 79a38 . Of persons: co rig n-ergna (: slemna) n-Israhél, SR 5952 . abb Híae án ergna / Cummíne find febdae, Fél. Feb. 24 . mac Néill Ailig airgnai, LL 182a50 (= eargnae, AFM i 508.8 ). da mac deg in athar aurgna Iacaib, LB 114b5 . Eua ḟíal ergna, LL 16435 . F. proiceaptaigh eargna ina aimsir, AFM i 344.5 . bid urgna oirnidi a clanna, Lism. L. 1862 . cimbid ergna .i. Barabas, PH 3258 (= uinctum insignem, Rawl B. 512, 72a , Plummer MS. notes). ergna .i. maith, Fél. 220.29 . bresta .i. primda nó ergna, O'Dav. 262 (= Fél.² xcvii § 13 ). The follg. may belong to érgna: fer erccna iolldánach knowledgeable, AFM v 148.1 . ba hergna eolachsomh i fios ┐ i foghlaim, Leb. Gab.(i) 242.15 .

Superl. temair . . . cach loch ba hurgna décsiu iter mhag ┐ tech, Thr. Ir. Gl. 42.9 (= airgna, Corm. Bodl.; aurgnam, Corm. Y 1212 ). in t-en ba mo ┐ ba heargnu dib most conspicuous, Aen. 2984 .

Adv. co hirgna ┐ co hétrocht, Metr. Dinds. iii 110.10 . co hergna ┐ co honórach, TTr.² 1386 . in Róim co hurgna ara lár, LL 16396 (= Rawl. 78b38 ).

As subst.: Temair cech aird cech irgna / fors mbít sosta sodindgna, LL 21477 ( Metr. Dinds. i 10.65 ).

n (1 lann) Orig. o, later ā, f. urlann, orlann, erlann f., IGT Decl. § 12 . (a) end, butt-end, handle (of a weapon): an baile a negarthar a hadharc fuirre a fochair .i. a hurlann (of a spear), Laws iv 226.10 . Cf. aurlond . . . ainm d'oreill gae .i. ind adarc dub bis mon gai, Auraic. 1621 . ga . . . dá dorn .x. etar a hiarann ┐ a fochair .i. a hurlann, O'Dav. 495 . ro díbairg in ṅgai dó 's a urlond reme butt first, LL 13969 . tummis G. irlund a gai issin n-abaind, LU 1747 . tumais a herluinn, Ériu ix 178 § 13 . cresaigthi . . . in lagin . . . ┐ benaid a hurlond fria a bais, BDD² 1234 . da gae for cach óen crand leo gae for rend ┐ gae for erlond co mbad chumma dagontais do rennaib ┐ do erlonnaib, TBC-LL¹ 4531 . béim d'erlaind in rogaí, MU² 727 . sleg . . . co fethan óir impi o irlond co cró, LU 10665 . crann a c[h]raísighi o hurlainn co a h-innsma, ML² 919 . la tabairt a[i]rlaindi a tsligi for C. `fair t'irlaind dīm', Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 38 § 7 . sleagh . . . an n-uair teilgtear a ndeōigh a hurluinne, Feis Tighe Chonáin 464 . cindus do-béra mé in tsleigh duit . . . in é a gráin do-béra mé roimpe nó an é a hurrlann?, Comp. CC 99 § 31 . maidhm na nUrland . . . for Gallu, RC xvii 364.12 ( = na nErland, AFM ii 808.6 ). éirghi ard ar earluinn ráimhe / balg ar dhearnuinn láimhe láoich, IGT Decl. ex. 591 . point, tip of a staff: teit erlund na bachla triana chois, Trip. 468.26 . do bered in file aurland . . . fors in cend ┐ ro finnad a ainm, Laws i 44.6 Comm. (a form of divination). Cf. tabraid cend na flesci filed fair, Corm. Y 323 . Of the rudder of a ship: intan tra documlaiset ┐ docorustar a lūi nō urland (aurlunn v.l.) fri tīr, Corm. Y 1059 ( Anecd. iv 91.9 ). Fig. cona nurlaind techta, Laws v 438.24 .i. . . . cach grad da daim coir maraen ris, 440.8 Comm. = o a urluth techta .i. dam bas coir inna theg, O'Curry 862 ( H 3.18, 389 ab) `? a persons' retinue or attendance', Plummer MS. notes. co haurlaind a dithma end, completion(?), Laws i 102.8 = co n-aurlund, v 404.22 . Compd.: d'ordaibh . . . urlainnleathna, TSh. 1980 `with broad handles', Gloss.

(b) (? air- + slond) marker (of gender) Sages, Saints and Storytellers 1-3 . In Auraic. of the pronouns é, í, ed (and their Latin equivalent hic, haec, hoc) used to determine the gender of following nouns (cf. also the various applications of 3 a.): aurlond . . . ainm d'oreill gae . . . is di arsisidar in gai, imtha is amlaid arsisidar in indsce don trediu-sa .i. ise isi ised: no dona deich n-urlandaib-sea etc., Auraic. 1621 ff. tri herlonda indsge .i. tri remsloind . . . .i. is se, is si, is edh, 3120 . masgal ┐ feimin ┐ nemutur lasin Laitneoir . . . nus-deochrend a tri herlanna innsge, id est hic, hec, hoc , 3026 = a tri urluimi, 524 . urland ria n-urland ┐ urland iar n-urland ┐ urland inand iter da urland nach it inanda. Urland rie n-urland quidem, iní rie se no rie sí no re séudh. Erland ier n-urland .i. in se no in si no in sedh. Urland inand iter da urlaind nach it inanda .i. in se inand fil in gach focul, ni herlond is achd (leg. achd is) reimtsuidugud: no is fri se no fri sedh. i.e. the a.¤ before an a.¤ is the noun preceding sí, sé or sed; an a.¤ after an a.¤ is the word sí, sé, or sed; an identical a.¤ between two a.¤'s which are not identical is the sé which is the same for every word, whether it be for sé or sed, for `is sed' is not an a.¤ but an `anteposition' ( ni erlond is sed, 593 (i.e. does not indicate gender?), 3114 - 3120 ). cuin is urland, cuin is indsge? . . . Is he [isi issedh: indsci emh intan itberor] nama gan araill imaille fris. Urlond eim antan dobeire fria araill, ut est is he in feur (isé, isí, ised are innsce (gender) when used absolutely but each of these is an airland when it serves to indicate or point out a follg. subst. e.g. isé in fer, isí in ben?), 3103 . Also applied to gender forms of numerals: aurlunna ilair mascul ┐ femen in so sis: se, da, thri, cet[h]ri: si, di, teora, cetheora, 1714 , cf. 1623 ff. See 3 airlann.

v (astar). IGT Verbs § 706 .

(a) causes to move, brings: crǽt rotastraig ┐ rot imluaid chucainni indiu?, CRR 15 . cia rot-imluaid ┐ rot-aistrigh andes, Acall. 3351 v.l. is ná haisdrigh do shíol Shadhbha / acht líon baisdidh anma ort `bring not from their present lands any of S.'s. race', Aithd. D. 26.17 .

(b) travels: aisdrigh na slighthe seanma `travel the ways of music', Studies 1919, 611 § 2 . mo mhairg . . . / . . . / nár aistrigh mé im thaistealach chnámhach chórr / gibé flaitheas nó talamh, etc., Hackett xviii 26 . aistrig chugam a chroch naom, O'Gr. Cat. 486.39 . aisdrigh . . . as do chengal move from thy bondage, BNnÉ 141.27 . deich lēige ro aisstrighset in lā sin, Fl. Earls 108.1 . aistrighis dia t[h]igh, 118.11 .

Note also: créad nar aisdrigh sgéimh man sgéal? what has changed its appearance? Magauran 2822 (aisdigh, MS.).

Vn. aistriugad.

n o, m. See Lochlann ii 214 . act of rebuking, blaming; blame, rebuke, reproach: do thabirt dígle et do aidbiur foirib `to punish and to reprimand you', Wb. 14c40 . . . . illa prophetica detestatio .i. indath[b]er mo indasfenad, ZCP vii 481.22 (Enchir. Aug.). ferais in slúag athber ṅgúr / forsind ríg . . ., SR 6093 . cia focerdaiter do aithbiur, Laws iv 60.19 Comm. na ben-sa aithuer (frim-sa add., do add. v.l.), Anecd. ii 60.12 . nocha ragha aithfer fort, 28.1 . ro bás acc tabairt a aithbhir fairsiumh they were laying the blame for it on him, ZCP x 4.10 . co comraicet . . . na pecdaig fri cetaidber ┐ fri cetchesad na conaire, IT i 180.23 = -glífit, LU 2087 ( FA 15 ). na tabra ai[th]bhir na litir orum `do not reproach me concerning the letters' (appended by scribe), Ériu ii 224.y . fors in rig ba coru a aithbhir do bheith, MR 50.11 . a ndiongna sé d'aithbhear oirn to reproach me for what he will do, Dán Dé xix 14 . atá mé i n-aghaidh na n-aithneadh / faghaibh gan é d'aithfear (the sinner appealing to St. Patrick), xii 27 . an chlann dar dual dola ar neamh / ag tuar a fhola d'aithfear i.e. the human race was destined for heaven but had incurred the blame of shedding Christ's blood(?), DDána 27a.29 . a fúair sé dh'aithfer an ḟill blame for the treachery, IGT Decl. ex. 872 . aithfear do thabha[i]rt dár bhfearaibh, Párl. na mB. 2712 . gan aighfer a phecaidh do chor ar dhuine oile, Ó Héodhusa 211.2 . ba roscremda ind aithbiur, ZCP iii 228.20 .

With immaithber (-ir): bai aithber imaithber ogaib in aidchi sin: bai dono a n-aithber uili for Tuirrn there was reproach and mutual reproach amongst them that night but they all blamed T., Aen. 2886 . do badur ac aifer imaifir fria cheili, YBL 158a38 = co n-aithber imaithber occu fria araile, LB 111b58 . ar rob iomdha aithber iom aithbher mairgnech ┐ meirten . . . reproach on reproach, AFM vi 2288.20 . róide ar n-aithredh dob aithnidh / móide in t-aithber imaithbhir, IGT Decl. ex. 896 . In concrete sense of retribution, punishment (cf. perh. aithbe, 1 aithe): genaid cach fer araile ár nibá hecal leis a aitber fair that he will have to make retribution for it, LU 9749 . cual . . . no imarchainn gacha domhnuigh . . . ┐ is e a haitfer sin roberar orm `this is the retribution that is inflicted upon me', RC xiv 54.13 . With subjective gen. ar oman Foruinn ┐ a aithbhir, Laws i 20.26 Comm. ní hé a n-aithfer féin téit ḟorro . . . acht aithfer mh'uabair-se they are not being punished on their own account but in revenge for my pride (of slain enemies), RC xiii 86.3 . leic a.¤ na ndea formsa `let the gods take vengeance on me', CCath. 1784 v.l. With oc: ag aithbear an uilc ┐ an eccóra ar lucht m'inghrema, BNnÉ 266 § 233 . gib é do dhéna ingreim . . . ar I. C. beid na deich cet naomh . . . aga a.¤ air, ZCP x 22.19 .

n o, m. (aithe). See LEIA a.¤ (cóir), athach, eathach (lochdach) m., IGT Decl. § 11 , § 55 . Note however, athaig (g s.): athair, Éigse viii 290 § 12 and n. 0

Lit. rent-payer; vassal, peasant .

(a) In legal contexts used of a particular class of tenant and sometimes to describe the commoner as opposed to the noble. See Críth G. p. 74 ; ZCP xv 245 . ethach .i. quasi aithech .i. doniter a aithe for neach, O'Curry 105 ( H 3.18, 70 ). a.¤ .i. fer braith ut est taidhe cach a.¤ .i. is amail gataide in fer braith nó in fer forinaiter féich, O'Dav. 37 . Cf. táid gach a.¤ | a.¤ gach ainbh, Ériu xiii 20.14 . a.¤ = briuga, Harl. 5280, 53b (Plummer MS. notes). athaigh .i. íocaidhe, O'Cl. flaith ┐ a.¤ `lord and vassal', Thes. ii 238.12 ( Ardm. 17a2 ). fri tige cach na.¤ , Ml. 92d15 . athaig ┐ bachlaich domeled sin uile, SCano 345 . flaith athuigh na bid flaith a athair i.e. a noble whose father was a commoner, `Bauer-Herr', ZCP xv 245 § 4 . ní dlig a.¤ mraich cor[o]p flaith, Críth G. 254 . díre n-aithig honour-price paid by an a., 530 . athich cacha slointe di ṡhund huma anechclann the commoners of every family from here on with their e., Rawl. 118b38 . adnacol do cholaind aithich thuaithe a peasant of the tribe (laity?), RC x 82.12 . soifid roúall . . . i mmaccu a.¤ .i. grád fene no chille, LL 188c1 ( RC xxvi 42.1 ). ait[h]ech cách co hEogan húais, ZCP viii 299 z . ísel cech athech, Tec. Corm. § 15.15 . ó a.¤ co righ, ML² 836 . athig i comairli ríg / mairg tír i tic in scél, Ériu ix 48 § 23 . aondath i n-éadach moghaidh, dá dhath i n-éadach an aithigh, Keat. ii 1918 . aithigh Laighion / siad ós maithibh measfuidhior, LBranach 5776 = DDána 117.16 . gach saoirfhear ann badh aitheach, 72.32 . Prov.: as ait[h]ech cāch gan deōladh no one is so exalted but he can do with assistance(?), ML² 162 .

With qualifying clause, gen., etc. a.¤ ara-threba a deich (so called because his stock is numbered in tens, and represented as standing midway between the ócaire and the bóaire, Críth G. p. 77 ): cateat fodlai bóairech? dá ḟer midboth(a) ┐ óccaire ┐ a.¤ arathreba a deich , 17 . a.¤ arathreba a deich, deichde a búar sidi, 132 . a.¤ baitside (baitsid, baitse), meaning doubtful; is é a.¤ baitside inso dia mbé in[n]a enncai cen gait, cen brait cen guin doíne acht láa catha nó nech toṡaig a chenn fair, Críth G. 142 and n. a.¤ forrtha (fortha), one appointed to take the king's place in legal actions against him, see forrtha.¤ im athechu bunaid (.i. na aithig ḟortha) im athechu cis (.i. na doerchele), Cóic Con. 21 § 14 .

(b) In pejorative sense churl, boor, uncouth person: contall a chenn dind aithiuch labar, Ml. 58c6 . in triar a.¤ . . . ro anacht Cú Ch., BDD² 1287 . robo leanamnach int a.¤ (aidech, LU), TBC-I¹ 1207 . ni thecat da fuapairt / acht [mad] athig mith, TBC-LL¹ 3371 (see meth). is duit dosratsam ┐ ni dont ṡenaithiuch ucat (of Rónán), Fing. R. 67 . ni tú as cóir dia chairigud . . . a.¤ samlut (of Lugaid Mac Con), RC xiii 438 § 9 . bríathra athig churlish words, LU 5450 (TBC). in t-eathach, Acall. 5532 . dias aitheach oc ingairi cairech, YBL 122a2 . cumala ┐ athig na Pers, Alex. 390 . athig ┐ doeraicme, TTr.² 1303 . ar ba haitheach somh a h-ucht treóin `being a plebeian representative of a hero', AFM iii 178.17 . a tigh aithigh ┐ áonmná / caithidh sibh an cáomlá ar cúairt, IGT Decl. ex. 363 .

In phr. a.¤ feda base tree (oppd. to aire feda). Used of letters of the alphabet: athaigh feada, Laws iv 146.19 , 24 . airigh fedha ┐ athaig fedha . . . athaig fedha .i. fern, sail, bethi etc., Auraic. 1151 = aithig, 4249 .

(c) giant, monster: immacomarnaic dó ┐ don scál. tresi cluchi ind athig, LU 8538 ( FB § 39 ). da aitheach forgranna, Aisl. Tond. 98 § 1 . ar neimib a n-arm na n-athach n-uathmar n-agarbh, BB 43b1 . lorg in fhathaigh, Feis Tighe Chonáin 1006 . ris an athach darbh ainm Goliath, TSh. 10937 . combarala dam ┐ dond a.¤ (of the Cyclops), Mer. Uil. 56 . ethach ┐ arderrad ┐ fogmoir, Stair Erc. 1290 . is i in [n]aithir neime .i. in t-a.¤ aingide (of the custodian of the Garden of the Hesperides), 254 . tú an aithir sheang . . . / is ceann aithigh uirrei-se, DDána 50.10

COMPDS. ¤-aicme vassal tribe: seacht n-aitheachaicme robadar isin tir re tiachtain de Uib Eachach, ZCP xiv 44 § 6 . ¤-lus lit. churl's herb (protection against the evil eye ? Celtica xxiv 38 ): righlus ┐ tarblus ┐ a. . . . a. do ghradaibh feine, O'D. 2365 ( Rawl. B. 506, f. 43b ). ¤-matad base dog (term of contempt): ni tocrad dam int aitheachmattud [do] gleid (glieid, LU) frisin coin moir, TBC-I¹ 1228 . aithechmadad druthsotal, 1594 . ciarso dúal don athiuch-matud saigid forsin árchoin, TBC-LL¹ 1935 . ¤-phort rent-paying town: trí aithechpuirt (.i. bailte bodaich) Hérenn: Clúain Iraird, Glenn Dá Locha, Lugbad, Triads 33 and note p. 36.

¤-thúath subject people (see Mac Neill, Early Irish Population-Groups, PRIA xxix (C) 59 - 114 , O'Rahilly, EIHM p. 154 ff. ): ro díbdáit uili cland Ugaine Máir la athechthúathaib Herend . . . ┐ ro gabsat athechthuatha Herend flathemnas Temrach, LL 7308 . ba di athechthuathaib Herend dó, 14616 . na haitheachthúatha ┐ Cinél Conaill . . . ag argain an bhaile, Ériu v 76.16 . le daorchlannaibh nó lé hathachthuathaibh Éireann, Keat. ii 3702 . annam lib athechthuatha do tháinsemad bartrenfer, LL 238b25 ( TTr. 1617 ).

See next.

io, n. Later f. Vn. of ad-noí. In later lang. with dental inflexion in pl. n p. aitheanta, DDána 20.4 . aichenta, SG 16.32 . g p. aitheantadh, TSh. 9691 . Note also n p. aithnighi, ZCP vi 83.22 .

(a) Act of depositing, handing over, entrusting. In Laws used of the handing over or depositing of any object of value with another person apparently either for safe keeping or on loan; also of the object so handed over, abstract and concrete applications not being distinguished. ? atait secht treaba . . . ariscuille coir urnadhma a.¤ ar cia loiscear ni tuillit aithgin seven houses in which according to correct procedure for binding contracts a pledge may not legally be deposited(?), Laws v 160.2 . secht n-a.¤ . . . na dlegat a taisic seven deposits . . . which need not be returned, 190.13 . atait secht n-a.¤ . . . dlegait a taisic . . . a.¤ laime do laim etc. seven deposits which must be restored, 196.1 . na huile a.¤ uile ro haithnighedh do duine all the deposits which have been entrusted to him (= sét, 5 Comm.), ii 304.15 Comm. trian isan a.¤ naenuaire `for taking charge of property for one hour' (during a battle), iii 218.23 Comm. cidh fodera co fuil trian ar a na.¤ seo ┐ co na fuil acht dechmadh is na aithnibh aile? 220.3 Comm. cid fodera co na fuil acht leth fiach isin a.¤ so ┐ co fuil lan fiach isin na.¤ eile? 500.13 Comm. aithni láime . . . a.¤ sula . . . a.¤ tengad, O'D. 938 - 9 ( H 3.17, 659a ). ingairi an aithni, O'Curry 240 ( H 3.18, p. 135 ). an a.¤ do dena duine d'a cheile . . . da ndechad amugha as ic do, O'Curry 302 (ib. p. 166). a slechtaib aithni . . . don tí da tugad ar oin no ar a.¤ , 2460 ( Eg. 88, fo. 37(38)c ). in cutruma . . . do ic o fir in tigi re fir na ha.¤ , O'D. 348 ( H 3.17, c. 268 ). corus aithni aracan fénechus, 938 ( H 3.17, c. 659a ). O'Dav. 692 . im oin ┐ im a.¤ ┐ im airlegad, Laws ii 280.4 Comm. sét óna no a.¤ , i 248.11 Comm.

In non-legal texts: a n-a.¤ gl. depositum, Sg. 66a26 . maraith sercc céin mardda a.¤ love remains as long as gifts (?) remain, Thes. ii xxii 1 . tri dorcha in betha: a.¤, ráthaiges, altrom `giving a thing into keeping', Triads 249 . trí a.¤ na dlegat taisec: a.¤ n-écuind ┐ ardneimid ┐ a.¤ fuirmeda, 157 . atcota aichne augra `giving in charge begets strife', RC xlv 63 § 17 ( Anecd. iii 11.13 ). aithnedh (a.¤, v.l.) tāinic ūad / ara rīsedh slān `the deposit that came from him' (i.e. the soul), Ériu iv 238 § 17 . cach n-aithni co coimdi every pledge is to be protected, ACL iii 228.73 . ba comrar aithni tuath ┐ ilcinel na h-uili Aissia it was a chest for the wealth of all the peoples and races of Asia (of a city), BB 444a32 . In cheville: dob olc an aithne, Content. xvi 70 . Of entrusting a person to another's care: dursan dam t'aithni dot aileamain . . . do mnui meblaig I am loathe to entrust you for nurturing to a treacherous woman, TTebe 2234 . do chaithfinn m'a.¤ d'Iosa I must commend myself to Christ, Dán Dé i 2 . sinn don aingeal gar n-a.¤ (i.e. Michael), DDána 99.44 .

(b) act of commanding, enforcing; command, behest: a a.¤ do cogad do dhenamh `exorting him to fight', Cog. 147 n.12 . ar a.¤ m'uachtráin at the behest of my superior, MS. Mat. 550.14 . cuiriss (viz. an pápa) a letrecha ┐ a a.¤ co n-a shēla mōr go priōir L., Fl. Earls 142.16 . ro thōcoibset na doctūiridhe de ier gcor a.¤ i n-a aghaidh against his orders(?), 144.18 . ní droch-a.¤ dhamh `it is not a bad principle of mine', Content. xviii 112 . Of enforcing payment of debt: rīg do aithne na fhīach, MacCongl. 45.25 . ? élud a.¤ athgabáil, Metr. Dinds. iii 18.224 (things not allowed during an assembly). In scriptural sense commandment: ga mhéud a.¤ ann? — deich n-aithenta, Parrth. Anma 2120 . tuccad na haithnedha do Móyci, Maund. 48 . crann na ha.¤ (the forbidden tree of Paradise), Dán Dé iii 6, 13 . mar do choill Éabha an a.¤ , DDána 6.8 . cúig a.¤ na heaguilse the five precepts of the church, Mac Aingil 3104 . cuirid fa a.¤ ar enjoins on: do cuir fa a.¤ orra dul isin oilen he enjoined on them to go to the island, ZCP xi 122.17 . cor chuir Dia fa a.¤ ar C.C. rí Alpan do denamh d'Aedhan, 126.11 . a cur fa a.¤ orra gan Cormac do chur docum bais, BCC 278.23 .

v (cf. 3 aithne) avenges: indich .i. aithne, ut est ni duthracht do dia n-indiche .i. dia n-aichnide, O'Dav. 1096 . ni comraiti dia n-indichi .i. di[an]aichnidhe, 389 . See in-deich .

n ā, f. cup, drinking-vessel: techta fuillema gill aine trenege, Laws v 410.21 .i. sithla tre-bennaigi .i. sithal umha sea ┐ sithal craind thuas, 412.4 Comm. = O'Dav. 150 . an .i. sithel ut est ana tuilcenna, O'Dav. 174 . an .i. sdábha no soidheach, O'Cl. es bec a ain iphthi compí sāithech, ZCP vi 257 § 6 deich longa deich nāna deich cucho, Ériu ii 28 § 12 . ? Fig. an mac [bāid] robói / nói mīsaib im āin (: bāin) womb , BColm. 16.22 . A silver cup left beside a well was a test of the king's peace: āna .i. stāba beaca bītis for tiprataib isnaib cānaib dlúthib inde dicitur: daimid āna for lindib ┐ ba do argud batir mincib . . . fri hōl tra do dāinib scīthaib esib dobertis na lestair-si forsna tibradaib ┐ ba ō rīgaib dobertis forra do promad a cāna, Corm. Y 48 . ind rā[i]th . . . / i mbīth tiprān fo āin gil, ib. á.¤ .i. sithal no soithech asa nebhar uisce na srothan ut est a n-ána for sruamannaib i sidh socoméd sernar flatha .i. is fir lium conad comét sida dona flathaib ic a srethnaighther sithla for na sruthanaib, O'Dav. 119 , 1464 . Hence perh. án explained as fír by glossators = test (cf. leastur Baduirn, IT iii 191 § 19 ): án [.i.] fír, Metr. Gl. 9 § 4 . an is rann ban is binne/anmonna íad d'ḟírinne, 27 § 34 . á.¤ fír is ní forus fand, LU 528 . á.¤ .i. fír, Cóir Anm. § 13 . More doubtfully in: ana cach tuinide do nescarthar .i. fir lium in ferann dontí escerthar ina tuinide, O'Curry 337 (H 3.18, 185b), 711 (ib. 342) = ain cach t., O'D. 621 (H 3.17, c. 463). ana gala gaudai lama luatha . . . .i. is fir lium in galannas do gniat na lama tre gail, O'Curry 342 ( H 3.18, 190a ), O'Curry 716 ( ib. 344 ). ana gallda luathit lama .i. is fir lium an gaoil gallda no luaidhit ó lama, 1765 (23 Q 6, 36 a). á.¤ gach gala gonta nurrad, 2314 (Eg. 88, 24 (25)b). ba há.¤ fis no ainchis, ib.

n ā, f. Orig. vn. of anaid. Celt. Verb p. 186 . Pedersen, Litteris ii 77 - 94 (Best Bibliogr.), LEIA anál f. IGT Decl. § 149 . n. sg. anáil, Loinges mac nDuíl Dermait 58 § 31 . act of breathing; breath: donanáil gl. anele, Gild. Lor. gl. 123 ( anhela, Du Cange , see Ascoli xxxiii ). ic egmig impu . . . fot a n-anali till out of breath, LU 1902 ( RC x 56.15 ). anála fer ┐ ech, 9246 . anáil nathrach, 5442 (TBC). rob imda airech . . . ica urgabail ar n-urnaidm a anala air through shortness of breath (of fleeing men), MR 318.11 . tocbaid bar n-anála i núachtur bar cléib du bar n-étrummugud tairis, Mer. Uil. 65 . tromtínfed a mbrenanala, BB 495a8 . bolad fína lía anóil (: óir), LU 3640 ( SCC 31 ). a.¤ mnáa lat ingin breathes like a woman, Fing. R. 373 ( ZCP iii 5 § 14 ). omun iar sin hi cride / iss a.¤ hi trommchride (on the situation (in the body) of the passions and propensities), ACL iii 223.10 . lán dom anáil ón uabhar puffed up with pride(?), Studies 1924, 87 § 16 . cuir mar thúis anáil th'ochta / fam ghnúis d'fhagháil fhurtochta, DDána 67.30 . goill dom athchur 'sdom arguin / . . . / rug a hanáil óm inntinn, 90.5 . do-bhir dá ḟine a n-anáil `who gives life to his kinsfolk', TD 32.80 . lé anáil na nél um nóna / fér ag fagháil chóra a críaidh, IGT Decl. ex. 1153 . d'anáil óirmheirgeadh the breeze caused by the waving of ensigns, L. Cl. A. B. 100.200 . lé séideadh nó lé súghadh a anáile, TSh. 1896 . oiret anala géoid the slightest breath, RC xxiv 381.18 . táinig d'anáil chuaigh fa Chormac `such fumes arose from the goblet', TD 29.34 .

In various phrases. do-beir a.¤ fo breathes on: a ndorat a anáil foí when he blew under it (of a fire), Trip.² 132 . tuc a a.¤ fai iarsin `the Devil breathed on him them', BCC 454.28 . do-beir a.¤ for: dobeir an sacart secht n-[an]ála Dē for a muin the priest breathes seven breaths of God on his back (significance obscure, apparently a form of appeasement), BColm. 96.27 . dobeir íarum an t-airchindech secht n-anāla Dē for a muin corigci an lic i ndorus a tighi apad, 29 . gaibid ar (for) a.¤ : no co ngaba for thrí ara anáil till he thrice holds in his breath, Mer. Uil. 135 . rogab for a anáil, CCath. 2072 . do léici, léicid a.¤ exhales breath: crét tái cen t'anál do lécud immach? PH 8136 . ro teilgedh a anál, CCath. 2164 . aithinne dubh . . . léicis Mlaise a anáil foillsigh / fúithib gur shoillsigh, SG 27.33 . dia ttealccat an lucht úd a n-anala get breathing time, AFM v 1766.24 . do-léici, léicid a.¤ do: ma tarlaic a nanala doibh if he gave them a breathing space (of driving cattle), O'Curry 2325 ( Eg. 88, 25 (26)b ). ro léc a tri nanala doib, O'Curry 2341 (ib. 26 (27)c ). intan dorelced mo anāl damsa provided I can breathe, TBC-I¹ 2192 . nír léig Gall ort a anáil 'no foreigner breathed upon you', Giolla Brighde 40 § 5 .

In descriptions of heroes' feats (precise application not clear): rothchless ┐ otar ┐ cless for análaib (of Cú Chulainn), LU 5972 (= gless (cleas St.) for a.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 2111 ). eter chles for análaib ┐ ubullchles ┐ siaburchles, 8442 ( FB 30 ). léim tar neimh ┐ cleas fur anala, RC xxix 128 § 35 . ro clisius for analaib / uasa uíb ( ? uas aúib) na n-ech, LU 9345 . immasleig cach la beirt immin n-araid gabáil na n-ésse biid uasaib ┐ análaib, 9294 . Cf. in descriptions of fighting: is amlaid bís mo chú . . . oc imguin ós analaib, TBC-LL¹ 531 . arfich ó aíb ech ┐ analaib fer, LU 8347 ( FB 24 ). atrácht a én gaile osa anáil co m-búi for folúamain imma chend (of Hercules), LL 225a48 ( TTr. 600 ). rachomaicsigsetar na catha da ceile . . . co raeirgetar a n-eoin gaile ósa n-analaib, 239b42 ( 1706 ).

Of recitation, ref. to the number of words, etc. to be spoken in one breath: intan ba roscadh . . . cindas nothomsidhe? . . . do focul forba anaile no-taispenta don choiceadh focul, uair is coic focail romesadh i n-anail in filed by a word completing a breath which was indicated by the fifth word . . ., Auraic. 930 = 3860 . dilius do bair[d]ne a tomus et coir n-anala their measure and correct phrasing (lit. breathing), 3528 . is é cóir nanála .i. narop sia las in bfer nít gaib (= nodgaib ?) ó aná[i]l cen (leg. cech ?) leth ┐ gach cethruma inás a céile, ar na roib cam .i. cin claen dona claenaib . . . that the man who recites it in (one ?) breath may not prolong any one couplet or any one line more than another(?), O'D. 1222 (H 2.15, 86b). Of the chanting of psalms: a sailm iar fersaib ┐ linib ┐ adhantaib ┐ analaib, Laws v 24.9 Comm. oc cetul a shalm . . . for aillib ┐ annalaib ┐ ernalib, MacCongl. 13.11 . Of the recitation of a magic formula: D. doroine dic[h]etal do cennaib for enanail do cuingidh feraind for C., LL 392b53 . Similarly: for óenchoiss ┐ óenláim ┐ óenanáil rachain dóib insin uile, LU 6983 = BDD² 562 . Legal: tucait mbinniusa .i. a foclaib ┐ a nanalib diction and enunciation (of speaking in court), O'D. 849 (H 3.17, c. 603). fot naen anala do boaire, ┐ .u. focuil inti, a dó do filid . . . a tri do flaith . . . a secht do eclais, ┐ nai focail cethrachat indtib, O'Curry 698 (H 3.18, 337). go deich do foclaib ┐ vii nanala don eclais ┐ vii focail in cach anail . . . da anail don fili ┐ v focail in cach anail, 227 (122).

On the connection between a.¤ and poetic art (aí), see Celtica vi 215 ff. do glaine n-anáile, Ériu xiii 37.15 . do-glind anáil / ailibh caoinibh / inghen gaoithe . . . eisimh teisimh / eallaing, teallaincc, 16 . a hainm (i.e. aí) i ccaoimthecht fria hanail, 39.24 .

Compd. anal-utmall of quick breath, panting , CCath. 4956 .

adj (with unlenited -b-) very great, huge, vast . Attrib.: tug leis feirg n-adhbhal n-a.¤ (: ionnarba), BS 6 . ré haigneadh na.¤ (: eachtranda) `with high spirit', Studies 1919, 255 § 2 . creacha a.¤ , AFM iv 1056.y . Predic.: is a.¤ luas mo churaigh, Measgra D. 127.45 . dob a.¤ an esbaid sin, Ann. Conn. 1408.4 . Frequent in chevilles: deich mic oile, a.¤ an fhian, LL 394.4 . fa ha.¤ in fedh great the distance, Anecd. i 30 § 44 . a.¤ an coimhéad wonderful protection, Dán Dé xiv 2 . a.¤ an bhroid, Keat. iii 370 . torchair Éibhear a.¤ an fear, ii 1635 . Cf. next.

n (forlann) o, m.

(a) great superiority in numbers, overwhelming odds: damsa nība hanborrlond (said by Cú Chulainn of Fer Diad), TBC-I¹ 2394 (= ecomlond, TBC-LL¹ 3205 ). gan fobairt in anforlainn not to attack the superior force, CCath. 3749 . mar dorocht Dáirine donn / rop adbal in t-anforlonn, SG 367.40 ( LL 298b46 ). ro ba mor in t-anborlann . . . in da chath mora d'ḟulang, Acall. 3148 . ro fhuaisg. . . . an irgail fris an a.¤ `pressed the fight on unequal numbers', MR 274.8 . gidh deich deich céad beithdis ann / dhūinne nī badh hanforlann, Feis Tighe Chonáin 1822 . tanicc sé do chabur Sir Gyi on anfurlann-sin overwhelming onslaught, ZCP vi 30.21 . no go rucc anfforlann orra fo dheoidh `but they were at length overpowered by the main body', AFM iii 356.8 . odchualattar . . . dáil an anfforlainn dia nionnsaiechidh `the approach of such an overwhelming force', v 1736.15 . fuair goin 'na guin anḟorlainn, DDána 64.13 .

(b) straits, difficulty, plight: a n-airc nó a n-éiccion nó a n-anbḟorlann, ML 86.19 . do innsedar a n-éigean ┐ a n-anforlonn dhó, 82.11 . doba doiligh leó an t-anforlonn a raibhe M., ITS v 126.z . d'fhóirithin ar n-anḟorlainn, DDána 74.16 .

(c) injustice, oppression: anforlond na indliged, PH 4150 . cia hain[i]m no a.¤ tarraid sib, Ériu v 154.146 . rap anforlond aicnid lé dímiad . . . Í. di, LL 222a17 ( TTr. 359 ). do digail a n-eccorach ┐ a n-anbforlainn forro, Ann. Conn. 1256.5 . d'fhōiridhin a hanbhforlainn, O'R. Poems 4063 . feadh éagcaoine a hanḟorluinn / do-chí an Bhanbha . . . , TD 24.33 .

(d) In more general sense violence: fuair esgal is anforlond, Metr. Dinds. iii 128.18 . ris an ndroing chailleas a maoin . . . lé gadoighibh nó lé hanfhórlann oile (= violencia), Desid. 3396 . ag smuaineadh ar anfhorlann luchta an díomusa, TSh. 614 . imris oidedh anfforlainn fair put him to a violent death, BNnÉ 322 § 28 . trē anfhorlann na teine bhíos faoi, Párl. na mB. 3475 .

v (báidid): atāt a deich ara-bādat (arabaithed arabáad v.ll.) goí cach flaitheman ten things which submerge falsehood, ZCP xi 97.1 . Vn. airbádud.

v ā (trebaid) = ad-treba in: it he sin . . . artrebat hiffern, SR 8350 . gebait a mathre in tir artrefat (arattrefat co bráth v.l.), Cymmr. xiv 108 § 8 . Appar. distinct compd. in: aithech arathreba a deich , Críth G. 17 , 132 `the churl who farms with his tens', p. 28 .

v (1 ás) Pret. 3 s. ásair, Rawl. 164b21 . Perf. ro assar , Anecd. iii 67.20 . rohassair, 22 . IGT Verbs § 123 . Also fásaid.

(a) grows of plants, people, etc.: in fualascach bec ásas asin chrunn, Sg. 65a7 . roásaiset drissi . . . tar sodin, Ml. 2a6 . lase nastae `when they are growing', 87b12 . di neoch asas á terra, Thes. ii 11.36 ( BCr. 18a2 ). nocon ássa froíchne isin maigin sin, Trip.² 1021 . bíam cúsa do imdegail do chethra . . . cor ása in cú hísin, LU 5028 ( TBC-I¹ 539 ). co mbad prapiti no asad, 4436 . a bith roóc ar níro ásatar a renga, 10157 . ind ḟidbad ro ás triana chend, LL 4478 . trian cach neich losas ┐ asas ┐ infoirbres air o thir, Laws iii 126.22 Comm. co ro asa a rind for a feor `until the top grows on the grass', iv 48.17 Comm. fidbudh . . . fora n-āsatar . . . ubla, Anecd. i 56 § 45 . ní ḟás luibh a húir, TD 11.11 . noch d'fas faoi an bféinn `grown of the Fianna's stock', O'Gr. Cat. 583.36 . co roasat a n-ulchada, Rawl. 79a20 . ro den . . . a ó co ná farcaib feoil . . . fair ┐ co ná ro assair fair riam, SG 310.x . Springs from (DI, ó): síl Aeda . . . diar ásair mór ríg, Rawl. 164b21 . ni fhāsann ech dia ngroighibh, Marco P. 175 . da nasa coimpert uathaib, Laws ii 406.31 Comm. in fhrém o fhás in uli olc, PH 7603 . an céad athair ó'r fhásamar, Eochairsg. 27.24 .

Of inanimate things increases: fásaidh slios ré ar n-a raghuin the side of the moon grows after waning, DDána 90.9 . roḟas ceo . . . dun a fog gathered around us, Ériu v 146.24 . roás ind n-imguin foraib cach dia `the slaughter increased on them', Ériu ii 30 § 15 . an mhéide ro fhāss forsan mbairghin `how much the loaf had increased', Fl. Earls 228.1 . Spreads, covers: ésga órrtha ar nár fhás dubhadh `whereon no eclipse has spread', Studies 1919, 75 § 17 . tuile gan tráigh daonnacht Dé / ar gach aon-olc nar fhás sí has it not covered every evil? A. Ó Dálaigh xxix 1 . Becomes: d'fhás feoil an leinimh te, 2 Kings iv 34 .

(b) arises, develops, esp. of dissension, war, etc.: ásaidh comrac úathmar, TTr.² 1462 . fasaidh gredan mor, Aen. 1987 . roḟás ceist adhbhalmhor ag feraibh Érenn 'mon caingin sin, Ériu iii 154 § 8 . rofás ceist mór ag Finn don ghním-sin, Fianaig. 56.14 . rofitir fein ga[ch] ni asfas dochair ind, TTebe 2325 . réidhiughadh roinn / ór ḟás d'éiliughadh eadroinn, TD 15.1 . fásuidh aimhreighe eidir e ┐ athair, Rel. Celt. ii 162.8 . Subj. unexpressed: is iarum ro ás dó ┐ do C. a quarrel arose between him and C., Rawl. 134b22 . Results from, arises from (DI, A): conid ed roḟás de sidhe . . . cormarb cach dib a cheli `it resulted that . . .', RC xviii 273.4 . ro assar iartain oc Bretnaib fledog(ug)ud imda . . . rohassair assaide sarthol ┐ etrad . . ., Anecd. iii 67.20 . is de ro fas bas Cheit, Ériu viii 176.25 . nir fas don tsluaiged sin doib-sim acht in tir . . . do lot, Ann. Conn. 1225.25 . dond errlaime asas donn iarraid, Laws i 36.10 Comm. conad he sin adbar d'ár ḟasastar fuathnell, MR 240.4 . dia tuctha na deich fo cethair is .xl. fhásas dib, Lism. L. 4620 . is as sin ro ás indiu na h-uli datha i n-etuch epscop, LL 2040 . is as fhásas in faisne[s]-sea, PH 1616 . as assin ro fhás co na deni sacart oifrenn i fiadhnaisi epscoip, AFM i 358.7 .

Occas. in impers. (trans.) use (but see Ériu xxxvi 193-94 ): nirás nach ṅduine dalbda / commus huili a aurlabra, SR 4809 = conid de sin is follus nach la duine fen comus a erlabra acht la Dia, LB 123a6 . ro ás gnóe móir in n-ingin, LU 3161 ; 'she grew with great beauty, the girl' Ériu xxxvi 193-94 (= ara n-ingin, YBL 175b50 ). Cf. Ériu ii 30 and Fl. Earls 228 supra. Vn. ás.