prep. with acc. For etymology see Thurneysen,
GOI
§ 839
, Fraser
ZCP viii 37
, J. E. C. Williams,
Celtica iii
126
. In later spelling prefixes h- to following initial
stressed vowel; does not leníte following consonant (cf.
frinna aill,
Sg. 45a16
.
fri nnach ...,
Ml. 75a9
, fri nnech
23c20
; but fri nech further on in same gloss and regularly
elsewhere); the initial s- of the article following fri is
preserved. In Middle Irish gradually replaced by the
forms RI, RE (already in Ml:
oc eregim re Abisolon,
44b4
, cf.
fre,
90c27
); RA (common in
some LL texts, see
CRR 54
,
TBC-LL¹ 499
,
602
,
740
, etc.); rarely
RO (
SR 1990
ZCP xiii 204 15
); FRIA, RIA, RE also common.
Hence in Early Mod. Ir. there is occasionally confusion with
ré, RÍA `before', see Bergin's note
Stor. Keat. p. xix
, and section IX (e) below. Apart from this
the latter prep. sometimes replaces FRI after fáilid, fáilte
and kindred words (as in Mod. Ir.). On the parallelism
of some of the pronominal forms of FRI with those of LA
see
GOI l.c.
(with Translator's
n. 178
).
Though FRI still appears in some later texts, especially
those of the archaising type, it had become obsolete in the
classical language. Its later form (RI, RE) remains down
to the end of the Early Mod. period and is recognized by
the grammarians as distinct from LE (LA), see
IGT, Introd.
§ 75
,
24 P 8, 194
(
IGT VI
,
Bard. Synt. Tr. p. 7
). In the
modern spoken lang. it is replaced partly by LE, partly by
CHUN (O.-Ir. dochum). For a contrary development cf.
Engl. `with,' originally `against,' which has absorbed
the functions of A.S. mid `(together) with.'
In development of meaning generally FRI shows a
remarkable parallelism with Engl. `
with
'; it also agrees
with `
against
' in several senses.
Forms: With suff. pron.
sg. 1 frimm St. Paul Codex
Thes. ii 298.17
.
rimm,
IT i
123.24
.
frim,
SR 1422
,
2049
.
LU 5228
.
LL 110b26
. frím
Ml. 38c19
.
frium,
Ml. 71b9
.
frimsa,
Wb. 26d17
.
Ml. 33a18
.
friumsa,
Ml. 127a2a
.
2
frit,
Wb. 5a31
.
10a29
;
Ml. 103d14
.
SR 1425
. fritt
LL 93a10
.
249b1
.
friutt,
PCr. 62b2
(=
ḟrit,
Sg. 151a3
). fritsu
Ml. 91d8
.
112b8
.
rut,
SR 2031
IT i 123.15
.
rutt,
LL 110b27
.
3 m., n.
fris,
Wb. 14c37
.
15a1
.
22c15
.
ACL iii 304
[: [Mael]
mis]. (: eisleis).
SR 6109. 6317
. ([mēt] anfis)
LL 33b21
.
friss,
Wb. 2c24
.
3c6
.
6a4
.
8a12
.
14d22
;
Ml. 91a21
. frissom
Wb. 5d39
.
f.¤
frie,
Sg. 72b1
.
Ml. 40c15
.
67d15
.
friae,
130c9
.
Wb.
28a20
. cf.
frise,
Ml. 74c21
, which Ascoli corrected to frie
(
Thes. i 722b
).
pl. 1
frinn,
Wb. 4b12
.
17b10
.
19d22
.
rinn,
Ml. 54a3
.
SR 1821
.
rind,
SR 1905
(: herḟi[o]nd).
friunn,
Ml. 38d20
. riund
TBC-LL¹ 1874
.
frind,
LL 177b39
.
frinni,
Wb. 17b32
.
17c5
;
Ml. 32c15
.
93a13
.
106c12
.
raindi,
BColm. 68.9
. frinnai
Ml. 91c9
.
114a8
.
2
frib,
Wb. 17b16
.
22d9
.
24d26
. cf.
frithib,
Ériu iv 162.13
.
fribsi,
Wb. 14c42
.
17b14
.
3
friu,
Wb. 4a10
.
4c37
.
24a4
;
Ml. 54c23
,
72b22
,
110c9
.
LL 35a21
(: fiú)
friú,
Wb. 17b9
.
Ml. 74a2
, diss.
friu,
Hy. V. 54
,
cf.
friü: at-chiü,
ACL iii 294 § 10
;
frithiu,
Blathm. 94 § 17
;
friithu,
LU 4671
(see
further
GOI 515
).
friusom,
Wb. 20c25
;
Ml. 17c5
,
54c18
;
26
.
For forms found in later texts see citations below.
In the Early Mod. Grammatical Tracts the forms given
are: riom, rum; riot, rut; ris; ria; rinn, ruinn; ribh,
ruibh; riú,
r,
24 P 8 194
(
Bard. Synt. Tr. p. 7
).
With following poss. pron.: frim, frit, fria, friar, fribar,
fria, e.g.
frim ort.
Wb. 29d2
.
frim peccad,
28a14
.
frim
foraithmet,
Ml. 23d9
;
ram anmain,
TBC-LL¹ 3692
(rem St.).
frit adrad su,
Ml. 136c11
.
frit c[h]ele,
70d2
;
frit laim,
SR
5854
.
rit láim,
TBC-LL¹ 3055
.
rat láma,
3052
.
rot chlaind,
SR
2031
.
friar corp,
Wb. 15c22
.
friar fochric,
33a9
;
fribar
n-ícc,
Wb. 24b3
.
fribar pecthu,
13b19
;
fria mbriathra,
Wb.
31b30
. In Mid. Ir. the form `fria' is often used for the
simple prep., hence occas.
fria a = prep. + 3 s. pron. In
Early Mod. Ir. 3 s. and pl. form re-na sometimes appears:
rena ardnaem,
BCC § 12
(see III c below).
fria n-a,
Fl. Earls
214.4
. Cf. the n- prefixed to poss. after le, ó, tre in Mod.
Irish.
With rel. pron.: O. Ir.
fris(s)a n ...; Mid. Ir. also frisi-,
risi-, fris-, ris-:
frismbiat,
Sg. 202b3
.
fris-mbruchta,
Fél.
June 21
.
fris n-agar,
E. 406
.
fris-reith,
Prolegomena 302
.
fris-tarddam,
Thes. ii 293.19
.
risa n-abar,
Acall. 53
, etc. With
cop. frisin-, frisnid,
risnad ail,
LB 257b9
.
ris na duthracht
256a44
.
fria ndechraiged (=
frisa nd.)
Sg. 28a14
may be
a mistake. In later MSS. the form re n- becomes common:
fria-cosmailend,
PH 7674
.
re ndubairt,
7464
. ra-n-adh
KMMisc. 156. 124
.
re n-abar,
Acall. 1241
, etc.
re rāiter,
Ériu viii 139.4
.
ré raibhe,
Keat. ii 4467
, etc.
Composition.
(a) In vn. and prototonic verbal forms,
before a vowel, frith-; before a cons. fre-, e.g. frecre, fretech;
with syncope of a follg. vowel, fres-, e.g. frescsiu, fresndid,
fresndís, fresngabal. In Glosses fri is often used in compos.
with a vb. to represent Lat. ob-. Later frith- is used before
cons. with or without lenition of following cons.: see
frithgnam, frithsét, etc.
(b) In deuterotonic verbal forms
fris-; before an infixed pron. in rel. construction frith-
or friss-: fritum-chomart-sa (= frith-dum-)
Wb. 33a12
;
but
friss-idn-oirctis,
Ml. 39a20
(see
Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 147
and cf.
Strachan's OIPG⁴ ed. Bergin, p. 27 n. 2
).
SYNOPSIS OF MEANINGS.
N.B.—The classification is perforce somewhat arbitrary
as, perhaps in the majority of instances, the meaning could
derive from the original sense in I. Cf. J. E. C. Williams
Celtica iii 122 ff
.
I Of local relations
(a)
towards, facing, turned to
;
(b)
against (touching; cf. d); alongside, down along, by
;
(c)
against
(implying violent or hostile action);
(d)
next to,
at, in contact with
(cf. b).
II To express association, along with, beside
(both of
local and mental relations).
III To express figurative direction
(a) aim, purpose
(cf. VI), frequently of function, specific purpose;
(b) after
adj. in sense of Lat. gerund or with ad or supine in -u;
(c) to express direction of feelings, behaviour towards
(cf. I a);
(d) of prayer, etc.
to
;
(e) of opposition to,
hostile feeling, attitude towards
;
(f) to express protection,
guard, watch against, also limitation, boundary;
(g) in
elliptical sentences with these meanings.
IV
(a) after adjs., nouns or verbs expressing resemblance, equality or comparison;
(b) to express difference,
distinction from
.
V
(a)
with respect to, with regard to
;
(b)
on account of:
(c)
on behalf of
;
(d)
according to, in agreement with (cf. II).
VI To denote occasion
(a) with vn. or other abstract
after subst. verb or equivalent;
(b) denoting the occasion
(event, cause, etc.) on which something takes place.
VII To denote mental subjective attitude,
in the opinion
of
.
VIII
(a) to denote agent;
(b) to denote instrument
through, by means of
.
IX In expressions of time
(a) in O.-Ir. in locatival sense;
(b) to denote period during which something continues or
takes place;
(c) fixing a limit within which something
takes place;
(d) of point of time;
(e) used for RIA `
before
.'
X In regular or occasional construction with many verbs.
A classified list of the instances in Wb is given by Fraser
ZCP viii 37 ff
.
I Of local relations
(a)
towards, facing, turned to: do
rosc frisna nemdaib = looking heavenward
SR 1604
. a
n-aiged fri Dia facing God
LU 2048
(
FA 12
. Cf. III c). a lām
chlē fri muir the sea on their left
SR 4074
(see lám).
do
cumlaiset for fairgi ┐ dochorsatar aurlunn fri tir,
Corm. Bodl. s.v. prull
. bai D. 'sa druim fri fraig D. had his back
to the door
SR
6053
.
is amlaid bai in gilla ┐ a druim fria
thigerna,
TBC-I¹ 2327
(see druim(m)). Ethne ... fria chossa
E. (standing) at his feet (i.e. at the foot of the bed)
LU
3300
(
SCC 10
).
Carpre ... 's a hucht ra hág,
LL 32b49
(see
ucht).
a druim re dimsachaib, a des fri deiblenaib,
ZCP
viii 204 § 26
. an let[h] bis rinne don rē the side of the moon
turned towards us
ITS xiv 90.19
. fri bun cruche at the foot
of the gallows
Mon. Tall. § 1
. síl nÁdhuimh ... re sáluibh a
senathar at the heels of (i.e. following)
Ériu iv 118 § 33
.
níor chubaidh tigearna ... d'ḟágbáil re caladh on the beach
[i.e. when about to land; perh. fig. cf. beirid i gcaladh
brings to safety, see 1 calad]
viii 139.23
. dā traig .x. ... a
[sic leg.] fot fri dún its length towards the stockade (of the
internal slope of an earthen rampart)
Laws iv 336.23
.
dā dúncladh ... ré dá taebh na clasach along both sides of
the fosse
CCath. 1747
. ní thurcaibh crand ... cét míle fria
taebhaibh within a hundred miles from (lit. towards) its sides
Marco P. 11
[cf. the temporal use IX (c)]. See also phrases
s.v. agad, ais, enech, gnúis, sáil, taeb, ucht.
This use is regular in Old-Ir. in stating relative position:
fri Grecia aniar ... fri Etáil anáir west of Greece ... east of
Italy
Wb. 6d17
. fri Alpai ndesiu (gl. cisalpina)
Sg. 217b8
.
frie anall ... frie desiu (gl. ultra ... citra)
71b1
,
2
.
fri Ath
F.D. desiu,
TBC-I¹ 2183
. frie anechtair outside it
Ml. 40c15
.
fri Pardus amuich outside Paradise
SR 111
. ra chuala sa
fri hEmain andess I heard it (as I was) to the south of Emain
LU 5056
.
altoir fri dorus antuaid,
SR 4261
[cf.
la taeb ind
rigthaige aniar,
LL 3810 (30a)
]. a mmag fris anair the plain
in front of him
LL 122a33
. co ndechaid [in gai] triana
chend ┐ co ro marb nónbur ris aníar behind him
121a21
.
frit aniar,
LU 4134
. is e a chorp in taitneamach rit anall the
shining one opposite thee
RC xxiv 60
. Also fig. : foscichret
i crandchor ... fáicebthair Lugaid fris anechtair they will
cast lots for it... L. will be left out of the chance
RC xiii 444x
(
LL 289b8
). See also s.v. lám (fri l.).
It is doubtful whether: i mbae neach fri hopair immuig
BB 362a21
(=
Dinds. 20
) is an instance of this construction;
the literal meaning here is was anyone at a work outside ?
The Rennes `amuig' is perhaps merely a late spelling.
After verb or vn.:
tan turcbad E. a di láim fri Coimdid
nime,
SR 5085
. suidig do da laim fri ... clasp thy hands
(in prayer) to ...
1606
. rosecroth a chend frisin slúag
brandished his (severed) head at the host
LU 5269
.
crothad
in chind frisin slóg,
5280
. donnochtat a mbruinni fris
bared their bosoms to him
5199
. rochoraig fri tenid he
arranged [them] before the fire
RC xiii 6.21
. roscóraig gnúis
fri gnúis (see gnúis)
LU 2046
(
FA 12
).
Cf. tuídhleach ind óir frisin ngréin the glistening of the
gold against the sun
BDD 1
. crand airgit ris tatin grían
LU 3700
(
SCC 33
).
(b)
against (touching), alongside, down along by:
doesetar ┐ a nglūne fri talmain,
TBC-I¹ 3164
. éc fri
hadart death against a pillow i.e. a natural death
Lib. Hymn.
i 62.72
(see adart). fri etnu dam ... bátár fedmand la
firu Herend = [till then] the loads had been harnessed to the
foreheads of the oxen
LU 10816
(=
Ériu xii 178
). tennait
a n-ette fria curpu press their wings against their sides
LU
2281
(
FA 33
). cf. doimmaircet ind eoin a n-ette friu ┐ a
cossa can scibud ette ná cosse co tairic in precept the birds
fold their wings, etc.
LU
1361
. dosnimthasa i llai a broit
fri a bruinde `gathered her to his bosom in the fleece of his
cloak'
Ériu xii 154y
. co tard a druim frisin liic leaned his
back against the stone
LU 3284
(
SCC 8
). dossleced fria thoeb
he let them (i.e. his arms) fall to his sides
SR 5091
=
no thimoirced a lama fria thoeb,
LB 124b29
(cf.
LU 1361
above).
In local sense of attached to or pending from: úathroic
... cona cimais do banór fria having a fringe
LU 6421
.
beilge óir friu golden bits on them
TBFr. § 3
.
srian ... fria
graig,
LU 3649
. Cf. srian do thabairt fria thoil to bridle
his passion
PH 4990
(see srían). Cf. la I (a).
Here perhaps: i ngialnai fri fraigid in hostage-ship at
the wall
LU 7015
;
7295
(
BDD 66
;
94
). (of the brazen
serpent,
Numbers xxi 9
:) turgabar fri crann ... uasin
[t]slúag fri sirsellad let it be hung on a pole to be gazed at
SR 4163
.
Cf. an carracc ard ar cuiretar ... an Tigerna da teilgen
ría sís to cast him down from it
Maund. 106
.
tuitim sioss
re beinn an ailt,
Fl. Earls 86z
.
(c)
against
(implying violence or hostility; cf. III e):
rop saiget húan fri demnai,
Hy i 20
.
friu conuccaib ind
oub,
Hy v 54
. conéracht Glaiss Ch. friu the stream C. rose
against them (= to bar the way)
LU 5362
. Cf. conocbath
in carpat fris ... ┐ concligtis ind h[e]ich fris the chariot would
tilt up before him and the horses would spring at him
Ériu
vi 134.21
.
bēim a cinn fri cloich,
Ml. 139c3
.
beim cind fri
hall,
LL 225b38
(see benaid).
esarcain cind fri hallib,
176b33
.
aiges (feras) in tond frisin mbruach,
Anecd. i 12.19 (21)
. cf.
FB 44
, see fri.
See also phrases with cúl, druim(m), lám).
(d)
next to, at:
folt dond fri toind a chind, folt croderg
iar n-airmedon,
LU 2564
.
dond fri toind cind,
6542
.
lene
de sról ... i custul fri gelcnes ... dó,
6296
.
léne ... sita fria
gelchnes,
1810
.
cona luirigh ... ria cnes ... ┐ lethan sciath
fria gualaind,
Stair Erc. 1243
. In this use frequent with
ais, cnes, taeb.
II To express association, along with, beside (of local or
mental relations, cf. V d): ní bí friu hi comasndeis it is
not with them in apposition
Sg. 212a5
. in tan mbís nihelas
do .u. fri .g. when u is silent beside g,
6b11
. nobiad fri
femen `it would be [used] with the feminine'
207b2
. ní biat
remsuidigthi friu `there are no prepositions with them'
215a5
(cf. biit remsuidigthi ... cen briathra leo ib. 6). See
also s.v. comṡuidigud.
is tabarthi `bonum est' fri cechtar
in da fersa so,
Ml. 112d1
.
cen tabairt anman trén fríu,
30a9
(see do-beir). ni bai crand dond indsi fri aroile (i.e. the
walls were shattered)
Anecd. i 2.5
.
ar choibnius frisna
comaccomla sa,
Sg. 203a10
.
in oentid fri Crist,
Wb. 15a12
.
ni ba suair[c] comlepaid no comaentu frissi,
TBC-LL¹ 2079
(fris
St) In:
ni reid bith fris im longud no im ligi,
LU 5957
, the
meaning may be different; see atá (fri). toeb fri toeb ata in
ri is Eocho F. side by side
LU 2839
(see taeb).
comaitecht
re hairdrigh,
ZCP viii 116.5
. méraid ra cách a chumne
TBC-LL¹ 740
(here perhaps: meraid hua chlaind fri claind
Ml. 100b4
). is frit mo chairde `with Thee is my compact'
Fél. Ep. 534
. (see cairde). iar corai fri I. after making a
pact with I.
SR 5946
. Cf.
córe fri Dia,
Wb. 2d16
. is core
doib fribsi (gl. salutate invicem)
18b19
.
bad chore dúib
friu,
7b4
; -
14
(`lit. let it be peace to you towards them' Thes.,
but the original meaning of córe points to `with' as the
sense of the prep. here). Cf. also: biid pax libsi fri cách
(gl. cum omnibus hominibus pacem habentes)
5d33
.
Here probably:
isi no beired teora pōc fria cach copān ...
dō,
TBC-I¹ 2218
. Cf. further: hi cocetul fri Eman in unison
with
Hib. Min. 4.12
.
do dlommad E. is A. ... fri gorta,
SR
1419
.
ara toimlid fri sid sain | toirthi Parduis,
1085
. taed
as fri sidh ┐ fri subha `let him go ... in peace and happiness'
AFM 979
.
In this sense with verbs of joining, connecting, also
occasionally with verbs of motion and in nominal phrases,
such as imma llé fri, immaróen fri, see s.v. lé, óen (cf.
Ériu xiv 142 n
. ) also cos, taeb.
In: crithnaigset ... immar bocsimin fri sruth the
meaning of the prep. is doubtful. curtar a fuigill re sruth
┐ re fairgi `be the remnant cast out to be carried off by the sea-tide'
O'Gr. Cat. 182w
. Cf. perhaps: Drochet Atha do
dhul re sruth `D. was carried away by the flood'
ALC i 260.7
,
though these may be exx. of the confusion of re (FRI) with
le (LA).
curcas fri sruth,
FB 44
; `against a stream' Strachan
ZCP iii 419
. Cf.
Ériu i 194.4
. See 1 téit and la I (d).
Passing into sense in addition to: tris fer friu (gl. te
tertium)
Sg. 2a5
.
cethri chet bliadan ... a noe sechtmogat
fri sein,
Rawl. 68b31
(
ZCP iii 18
). Cf.
is fri ni dona salmaib
dognid a figild,
Mon. Tall. § 5
. fris sin
moreover, besides
,
Leb. Gab.(i) i 88.1
.
Hugh Roe 114.1 (f. 30b)
. Cf. mod.
freisin. For a special sense of
with
see Mon. Tall. cited
under V (d).
III To express fig. direction (cf. V a);
(a) aim, purpose,
freq. of function, specific purpose: cen nech dim chlaind
frim foraithmet to preserve my memory
Ml. 23d9
. ce notechtad ilgotha fri inchosc in mrechtraid sin `that it should
possess many sounds to express that variety'
Sg. 197a11
.
ní fris arícht fri slond persine it was not for that it was invented,
to signify person ib. (cf.
cid arna airecht pronomen ... dia
ṡlund,
198b3
). in bríg frissa ndéntar a saithar sin the value
for which that labour is performed
Wb. 11a9
. am loor fri
cach reit (gl. ego ... dedici, in quibus sum, sufficiens esse)
24b16
. altoir ... | fri loscud n-edpart an altar for burning
[ = on which to burn] offerings
SR 4162
.
dá magh ... do
ṡlaidhi ... co rabad do grés fri geilt do ceithrib ┐ fri trebad
do daīnib,
Ériu xii 150.6
. primepscop ... accu fri huirdned
a n-oessa graid, fri coisecrad a n-eclas ┐ fri hanmchairdes
do ḟlaithib, etc.
Ériu i 218.2
. sechtmoga fer fria cobair
to aid them
SR 4196
.
drong ngilla ... fri timthirecht,
6280
.
ra ergitar ... dalemain fri dail,
LL 173a27
(
CRR 13
).
mōr
salm | fri hindarba plāg-tedmann,
BColm. 70.8
. slóged
hi crích ... fri indnaide slogid tairse a hosting into a country
to delay a hosting (coming) across it
Críth G. 511
.
fergniae
fri forngaire ndoirseo,
591
. In this sense perhaps in: fót
fri haltóir, see 1 fót (d). pars de feoil fri foimtin terci as a
precaution against scarcity
Mon. Tall. § 12
. Here perhaps:
dognith Saul intleda ... fri Duaid used to lay snares against
D.
Ml. 30a3
. techt do Roim ... fri foglaim n-ecnai,
Trip.² 241
. roairis re sloind senchasa he remained to relate
Ériu iv 152.6
[or remained relating ? See VI (a)]. cid
frisi farcbad int id for what end the withe was left
LU 4752
(=
cid imma ndernad int id,
TBC-LL¹ 597
). cid frisindrolais in
cloich why hast thou thrown the stone ?
LU
5092
. o tancamair
friss `since we have come for it' ( = for that purpose)
Fél.
72.24
(cf. inní imo tainic ib.
30
). co ndernur inní fris tánac
LU 4347
. Cf.
doluid Saul fri tāirsin David i fus,
SR 5959
.
lurech imme ... fri cathugud,
SR 5757
.
treb Leue ... immon
eclais fria immarchur,
4883
. docúaidh B. frissan umaloitt
sin gusin muilenn `on that service'
BNnÉ 26 § 19
. téit
féin re toisc ┐ re túrus a crichaib na hEspáine on business
CCath. 1806
, cf.
do chuaidh gach aon rea dtoisgibh ┐ rea
dturasaibh féin,
ML 26x
(=
le tosgaib fein,
ML² 347
). The
follg. perhaps are elliptical: the idea represented is
anticipating, forestalling: dogniad pars de feoil fre terci do
t[h]ecmong = as a provision against the occurrence of scarcity
Mon. Tall. § 12
. do na .u. gaiscedaib dec no bitís ... hi
tegluch C. fri maidm n-airm no fri gabáil ngasced do neoch
LU 5046
. Cf.
Fél. Nov. 14
cited VI b.
(b) after adjs. in sense of Lat. gerund with ad or supine
in -u:
leiscc .i. fri fognam,
Wb. 31b23
. conid mesc fria rim
so that it is confusing to count it
LU 4794
.
ba gnim ṅdangen
fri himluad,
SR 7229
.
ingnad fria innisin,
LU 2074
(
FA 15
).
adhbal rea n-innisi prodigious to recount
ZCP viii 204 § 26
.
cenco beth ... and acht C. ba lór fri immarbaig,
LL 107a19
(
Ériu iv 28
).
lia iná rúainne ... re n-áireamh,
IGT, Decl.
ex. 1201
. Cf. atait ... re a ttaispenadh go follus are plainly
to be seen
Fl. Earls 50.12
. In this use modern Irish has le
(LA).
(c) to express direction of feelings; behaviour towards,
after nouns or adjs., both of persons and things (cf. I a and
V a):
conroib deserc leu fri cách,
Wb. 26d22
.
fáilte fri
noíbu,
7b2
(see fáilte).
ar formut fribsi,
12c29
(see format
and formtech).
ropat ḟáilti frimsa,
Fél. Dec. 18
(see fáilid).
hissel fri hard, sleman fri garb,
ZCP iii 447z
.
anmne fri
fochaidi,
449.15
(see ainmne). mailli fri cloc slowness at
(answering) the bell ib.
21
. dána fri tōla tromsluaig daring
in face of an army
SR 5778
.
uair ná dernsam huimli fri
forngaire,
1854
. ar gart friu for generosity to them
ZCP viii
313.12
. créd nach frim atā a maithe ? why is not their
bounty bestowed on me ?
ACL iii 296 § 38
. ní ar maith
friu it is not for their good
Wb. 4b37
.
ar ulc friu,
Ml. 72b22
.
tar aesi n-uilc huai[m] se friusom,
74a2
(see also s.v. maith,
olc). bad chert do cluchi frim play fair with me
LU 5228
.
ar ngabáil bāide ... dō rena ardnaem having conceived
affection for his high saint
BCC § 12
.
lére duit frí ríg ngréne
┐ réde fri doíni,
Ériu i 193
. is buide linn frib (gl. rogamus
vos)
Wb. 25a39
(see 2 buide).
is maith robai Dia rind,
SR
1905
. ní maith ro mbátar frim they have not treated me well
LU 4891
. Cf.
is maith ro ngabus fritt,
TBFr. § 11
. bad
faitig frisin foirin sin (gl. observate eos)
Wb. 24a23
(see
faitech). bid cennuis a gnuis risin lucht ra-nadh
(= frisndid) rathmar to whom he is gracious
KMMisc.
156.124
. in maith frit menma ind airdríg whether the king
is well-disposed to thee
SR 6114
.
ba fearr di frib menma
bar mathar,
RC xxiv 56
(
YBL 206a47
). Cf. is beite duit
menma fris `thou must take heed of him'
Ériu xii 176.16
.
Similarly in expressions like: do-gní maith (trócaire, etc.)
fri (see do-gní). nech no comaildfed fir fer frimb uime
RC xiii 29.6
.
(d) of prayer, etc. to:
irnigde fri Dia,
Wb. 4d18
. cf.
abstanait fri Dia,
PH 4988
.
ro throiscset ... fri Dia im a
ḟurtacht,
7258
(see troiscid). im aīne fri Dia cora faillsigthi
dō ... fasting towards God, that ... might be revealed to him
Ériu v 120.12
. Similarly:
frit, a rí ..., mo dēr | conom
thī ... Mīchēl,
SR 2091
.
co ndēraib frisin coimdid,
PH 6292
.
(cf. use with ad-teich).
cossoít a thuaithe fri Dia,
Wb. 5a23
(see cosaít). Here, perhaps, should come such expressions as the following:
ar Christ frit, aithirigh pēin dam,
Cáin Ad. 13
.
ar do chubus riut, a ingen, crét tuc ort ?,
Acall. 6012
.
ar bar cubus rib..., crét...,
5476
.
ar fir do chubais riut...,
5824
. cf.
4544
.
ar t'ḟírinne riutsa, nā furáil,
CCath. 1659
.
(e) of hostile feeling, attitude, conduct towards: fri
aicned contrary to nature
Wb. 2c25
.
ba fri aicned ... in
talam ... do indluch,
Ml. 129d8
. frisin n-uall (gl. adversum
inflationem mentis)
68c1
. trifar pecthu fri Dia through
your sins against God
115b8
. Common after verbs of opposing, hindering, fighting: hóre nád comeicnigther nech
fri toil no one is constrained against [his] will
Wb. 28b1
.
tuidecht fri toil Dé resistance to God's will
4c23
(see do-tét).
cf. o dorala ... | frim thala mac I. | duit ... | niba céle
SR
6014
, where opposition seems implied despite the similar
phrase cited below under V (d). soud a gnuso fri nech
frisa mbi ferc do (gl. ne auertas [faciem tuam] a me
Ml. 47d8
(`to turn his countenance from one against whom he cherishes
anger' Thes., but surely `fri nech' here must also mean
either against ... or towards ... ? See soïd).
fergach fris
Fíadu,
SR 6837
.
iar ndebaid do fri Duid,
6994
. na cathaig
frim do not contend with me
2877
. ni sirsan do Ch. a n-imned
i tá a óenur fri firu Herend not happy for C is the trouble in
which he is, alone against the men of E.
LU 5995
. Cf. do
thoitim fria Cu | ba dirsan sad that thou shouldst fall by
[ = fighting against] C. (?)
TBC-I¹ 2715
(see also III g).
Mairg
fris ticfa a ḟerg ... Mairg ticfa re cert,
Fen. 200
(see do-icc).
ar bruc fris `in displeasure at him'
Mon. Tall. § 58
.
namthi
garga fri sluagh nA.,
ACL iii 297 § 55
.
atat frim hi cotarsnai,
SR 1520
. Cf.
ni bia th'anim fri fugall | ind ríg hí
laithiú brótho,
Ériu i 196 § 13a
. With adj.:
cotarsne fri
Dia,
Wb. 26a18
.
is torcda ┐ is díchéill notaí frim,
LU 10831
(=
Ériu xii 172
).
is bairnech mo menma frit,
LU
10832
(= ib.).
is tromda atai rim,
RC vi 183.13
.
olc roba rim,
Ériu v
208.8
(see III c). Here perhaps:
tromde ... ro buí frisim
ind chaillech oc atach Dé,
Mon. Tall. § 7
(=
do bhí sí roliosda
ar Dh.,
Rule of Tallaght § 41
). But cf. VII below.
(f) To express protection, guard, defence, watch against:
gabthe dūnad les fris,
Ml. 55c1
.
inna cathrach conrotacht
la Duaid fri Ebustu,
48d27
.
múr trén ... fri dóini, fri demnai,
Fél. Ep. 152
.
tocuiriur etrum ... inna huli nert so fri cech
nert n-amnas in ...,
Hy vii 49
. cor gabad Sinann friu the
Shannon was held (defended) against them
RC xviii 10.28
.
gébtaít ar tír frind,
LU 4634
(see gaibid). iadad Caisil frim
eochu the closing of C. to my horses
Anecd. iii 63.4
.
cóir duit
arechus ri siút,
TBC-LL¹ 1280
(aire do tabairt fri ... St; see
1 aire).
Dia lem fri cech snīomh,
Ériu iv 236
.
Crist credal
fri demnaib,
ACL iii 221.12
.
dín ... re holcaib,
ZCP viii
202.18
. Of limitation, boundary: nā bí crích la nech fri
peccad that no one sets a limit to sin
Ériu i 218.9
. Cf.
samaiges crích fri aidchi,
Hy ii 55
, corresp. to contra noctem
terminum pones,
Ardm. 8a1
. See also s.v. inillius.
(g) In elliptical sentt.: leic ... in fognam, ol se; ni
lamaim, ol sī, frisin rigain = I dare not disobey the Queen
RC xxiv 192
(but perh. FRI here = because of; see V b
).
ro an ... ina aenar ru remained alone to oppose them
ZCP
vi 56.31
. rofetursa a n-as maith dúib fris I know a good
way for you to deal with him
LU 5934
. tarmairt mo Dia
dil frisin tuaid ... a cor fo leittreib lethglenn = my dear God
had well nigh (in His resentment) against them cast them
down ...
SR 4718
. Cf. lām fri idal to renounce idolatry
SR
4845
(see lám).
IV
(a) after adjs. and nouns denoting resemblance or
equality (esp. those compounded with com-) and vbs. of
resembling or comparing: cosmil fri cethir (gl. animalis)
Wb. 8b14
.
cutrummus fri Dia,
17c8
. i cutrummus fribsi
17b14
. ɔodernain hi cutrummus frim cheliu `to do like my
fellows'
PCr. 2a2
.
(pariter) fri,
Sg. 77a2
. i tomus fri nech
Wb. 17b11
.
intamail ... fri nech,
Ml. 22c1
.
cen a chondelg
fri nech,
Sg. 42a6
.
cosmaili tuisil `sui' fri tuisliu `ego' ┐
`tu',
200a12
. (similiter)
fri,
203a5
. cf. (eandem significationem habens)
.i. fri `cum',
218a1
.
diatā oenḟolaid ...
frissin Athair,
PH 177
.
ba cudruma re core mōr é,
RC xviii
183
. ni caithedh acht coibeis fri gach manach he used to
eat only as much as any other monk
BNnÉ 300 § 3
.
nir chumma
nech ris im chath,
Metr. Dinds. iv 344
.
ru boí i comré ri
Cormac,
LL 3796 (30a)
. i comhrē ris coeval with him
Moling
4
. rogheanair i n-aenuair fria was born at the same time
as she
BB 406bz
(=
Dinds. 111
). Cf. IX (b).
Replacing O. Ir. construction with equative:
comdhub
fri hec,
Thr. Ir. Gl. 36
(prull) =
duibidir éc,
Corm. Y 1059
.
Bodl.
comard fri fid,
Ériu iv 138.26
. meidithir fria hasal
as big as an ass
Marco P. 10
. corbo chomfota frisin sroin
LU 6472
.
See also verbs and adjs. of comparison, e.g. 1 do-ella,
samlaithir, in-samlathar; cosmail, 2 cutrummae, etc.
(b) to express difference, distinction from : frissaní immeraidtis (gl. longe aliud)
Ml. 61c12
. sain fri .c. `different to c'
Sg. 6b7
.
do dechor fri praenomna aili,
28a13
.
huare nád
deligedar fri praenomen
,
28a15
.
do dechrugud persine fri
alaili,
202a4
. is allail pronomen aní sin fri `sui' (gl.
`is' aliud pronomen...)
209b10
. (differentia)
fri,
213b15
, gl.
contra
214b4
. Cf. nipo choím less frinn He was not dear
to Him compared to us (?)
Wb. 4b12
[Fraser l.c. suggests
this rendering,
ZCP
viii 41 n
. `in our case (?),' Thes.].
See s.v. 1 dechor, dechraigidir, deiligidir and other words of
similar meaning.
V
(a)
with respect to, with regard to (cf. III c) : is sain fri
cath sain fri scor different for battle, different for unyoking
(of trumpet-call)
Wb. 12c46
. idain fri cach réit faithful as
to
31c13
.
cen chinaid n-uaim fri nech,
Ml. 54d16
(see cin).
nach é Dia is ciontach riú is to blame for them
TSh. 10499
.
as eola fri aidgne ind Athar,
Wb. 19d9
. it maithi a arilti
frib `He deserves well of you' (`literally good are his merits
as to you' Thes.)
Wb. 16c11
.
airle Dé fri Herind,
LL 49b13
(
Hail Brigit § 2
). .iiii. seóit a dire ... is fechem is fiadnaisi
friu `four seds are his `dire'-fine ... he is a suitor and witness
for them' (i.e. he is liable to that extent)
Laws iv 308.2
(
Críth G. 138
). is amlaid in t-athair frisin mac ngor; ...
nimtha in t-athair frisin mac n-ingor thus the father acts
with regard to the dutiful son; ... not so with regard to the
undutiful one
Laws
iii 56. 22
;
z 0
. ba fria as-breth: cruth cách co hÉtaín 'of her was it said, 'every woman is fair till compared with Étaín''
BDD 43-44
,
Celtica xv 57
. 'fer hi lorcc so,' ol in fer deginuch fri Nero 'a man is following us,' said the last man with regard to Nera
RC x 216.48
.
conidh ed isberdís cách fris,
Cóir Anm. ii § 150
.
Cf. further: crādiis Ultu fri Cethirnd guin Fécc the
slaying of F. imbittered the U. against C.,
ZCP viii 305.32
.
ferdha a cathuibh iat, ar is friu ronnaltadh oc imairecc fria
geinnti,
Marco P. 189
.
ro alt ... ind ingen co digrais fri
légend ┐ gaís,
LL 279a47
(
SG 413
). Possibly the last two
exx. belong rather to III (a), also :
is me is cintach fris ni
he is cintach frim,
BB 479b14
(see cintach). See also : a
lleth fri, s.v. leth.
(b)
on account of (cf. VI b) :
ro lega in snechta ... fri meit
brotha in miled,
LU 5858
.
ba lond F. friside (-suidi),
RC
xxvi 12 § ix
. saeth mār fri luga dige great distress from [?]
lack of drink
Fianaig. 12 § 20
.
cid mís no bheinn gun ríg
thess | ro-fess ná bíad mo scís fris,
ACL iii 304.20
. ní
ḟaicim-si ... ni rís budh choir t'obadh for which it were
right to refuse thee
Ériu iii 154.5
.
atchess ... na haīble tened
... uasachind re fiuchud na ferge,
LU 6466
.
ba mertnech
Moisi fri hilchaingni ... fri orddugugd cāich fo mām,
SR
4542
.
batar toirsech fri Moisi,
3886
(in these two exx. fri =
oc of prose
LB 122a
etc.). féimdid sim imt[h]echt fri scíss
he cannot go on from weariness
BColm. 94.16
.
ni ro chotail
C. fri himṡním,
LB 274a55
. ni faict[h]e ise fri feidm a léiginn
she used not be seen because of her duty of study
ACL iii
308
VI 13
. Cf. la III a.
(c)
on behalf of: aitchitt an C. ris comad he noberad, etc.
they beseech the Lord for him that it might be he
BColm. 98.15
.
dogníther airnaigthi frisin ríg co nambed fot saegail do,
MacCongl. 59.23
. ica cantain fria Cianoig chanting (a prayer)
for C.
ZCP vii 308.7
. Cf. also :
ata mo briathar ┐ mo
comairghi fria ar Tuatha D.,
Ériu xii 152.9
.
o doratsat
briathair fris,
CCath. 1236
.
in tī bes rí is fris beimmi,
ZCP
viii 316.3
. See do-beir, gell, and ráith.
(d)
according to ; in agreement with, with pers. somet. =
in obedience to: ni ni nach breith nā bi fri canoin cumtastar [sic leg.] no judgement is valid that is not framed according to the canon
Corm. Y 1224
. cf.
manib fri fasach fuirmider,
Ériu xii 199.23
.
fri mes airechta adrimter,
Laws iv 298.25
(
Críth G. 22
). fri saltair nogebad ... a salmu by the psalter
(i.e. with the psalter before him),
Mon. Tall. § 39
, cf. ni
lugae mbis ind menme hisin cheill dia gabail ind tsailm de
memur indas cid fri saltair ib.). fosernd clothri Connacht
... fri senchus ... fri buaid ┐ breatha in conformity with (the
claims of) pedigree, with prowess and legal decision
ZCP
viii 108.10
=
Ériu v 234
. bid som iarum fria toil (= they will
be able to do as they like)
Mon. Tall. § 35
(=
go mbid ... aca
ara ttoil fein,
Rule of Tallaght § 35
). fri tala ind rig ... domrala
I am about the king's business
SR 6187
(Rex praecepit mihi
1 Reg. xxi 2
). cia ro delb fria thuil a ndath who coloured
them to please himself (?)
SR
7675
. For FRI TOIL in a different
sense, see III (e). Cf. nitattorbi fri toil Dé (gl. non omnia
expediunt
1 Corinth. x 22
) `against God's will' Thes.,
Wb. 11b 17a
.
Also : ind tí dogní ní do maith fria menmain fadesin ...
ar ind bo neoch gabti he who does a good thing in accordance
with his own inclination ... should openly proclaim it
Mon. Tall. § 21
(=
chuirios ní maith ... do dheunamh uaidhe
fein,
Rule of Tallaght 71
).
VI
(a) with vn. or other abstract after subst. vb. or equivalent = to be at, engaged in or about to engage in (some occupation, process ; cf. III a) : in tinscanfam .i. in biam fris
(gl. incipimus ... commendare ?)
Wb. 15a1
. ní uisse do mug
Dae buith fri debuid to be at strife
30b26
. cf.
ní bethe fria
acre,
9c20
.
ni piam fri aithirgi,
30b17
. ni biat som fria
togais adi (= non fallacia ad quoscumque loquuntur)
Ml.
31a17
. cechtar nathar fria saindān `each ... at his special
art'
Thes. ii 293.14
.
feib donrala fri comrad,
SR 1214
.
indí ... bíte fri tnúith `those that are given to lust'
Mon. Tall.
§ 11
. nebbuith fri éthech not to be lying
Ériu ii 64 § 6
. céin
bete fri soíthar while they shall be at work
Fél. Ep. 298
.
in tan natbi fri frestal na n-anmand when he is not attending
to
LB 110b43
(cf.
SR 1199
).
ní mo chean ... tarrla re freastal
... na fairrgi sin,
CF 42
. amail do beith se re goibhnecht
ríam as if he had always been at smith's work
BCC § 92
.
na
saoithe do bhí re seanchus,
Keat. i 74
.
cuirim suas don
ghrádh, | ní fiú é bheith ris,
Dánta Gr. xiv 3
. Cf.
boí a ben fri idna in travail
LU 105.86
(see 1 idu). Similarly
without subst. vb. : nachitochthad fria choscc `let him
not wear thee out in admonishing him'
Wb. 31d11
. conus
tarttsat fria ttoghairm chuca an lucht they set about calling
the people
Hugh Roe § 8
. Cf.
airfitech re tetaib,
ACL iii
223.23
(=
Keat. ii 5358
).
dias fri cerdacht,
SR 190
(perh.
III a). dá mbeinn re héagnach `had I purposed to revile'
Content. v 7
(cf.
le hóradh bhriat[h]ar da mbeinn,
Ó Héodhusa 4
). In class. lang. `re' is used with vn. to express
futurity : an chathair atá ré teacht ( = civitatem futuram)
TSh. 2751
.
i n-oirchill na n-olc bhíos ré tuirling orra,
532
.
(b) denoting the occasion (event, cause, etc.) on or from
which something takes place (some of the exx. could be
explained as extensions of other uses (cf. V b ; IX a) ;
often the construction is elliptical) :
gaibed cach a greimm
... | fria brethir in primsacairt,
SR 4400
. ba huisse soillse
fri éitsecht na noeb at the death
Hy ii 60
. Cf.
co mbidis i
nd-aenmaigin fria n-ég,
Corm. Y 1233
(fri héc LB. ria n-ec
LL 179b
).
fri gein Críst ... tindscan lechsa léri,
Fél. Nov.
14
(cf. III a).
ro eirgis fri breithir Isu,
PH 2780
.
ret[h]it
daim ... ri dorddan na damgaire,
Ériu vii 2 § 1
.
phreab
as G. risan gair,
Ériu i 18.33
.
ac cantain cheóil ... fris
coteltais Síl Adaim,
LL 3305
(
Ériu xiv 156
).
VII To denote mental subjective attitude, in the opinion
of
(cf. similar use of Lat. apud, and see la) : ni cumdabairt
fri Cirine is tre metur Jerome does not doubt
Hib. Min. 6.187
.
nad maith fri C. ciasperthar ...,
7.235
.
frithir frisin mac
i n-ebras riss,
Ériu vii 225
(
LL 209a16
).
ba bind fri cach
na canaind,
LU 1301
(`sweet to all was what I said'
Imr. Brain
ii 298
. But this may be ex. of : canaid fri). bid inmain
fria cách a ainm loved of all
PH 4299
.
ba hingnad mor
frisin popul sin,
2959
. ba mo a grad fri Gargán oldait a
uli cethra G. loved him more than all his cattle
7178
. Cf.
Mon. Tall. § 7
cited under III (e) where the meaning seems
different. gurbh annsa ré hEóin Críost ioná ré Peadar
Christ was dearer to John than to Peter
TSh. 10327
.
VIII
(a) to denote agent (a late use, mostly in texts in
artificial style). ar na bennughadh fri sanctuss Silvester
consecrated
by
Fl. Earls 196.19
. laech ... frisimbia mo
thiglecht (= who will cause my death)
Metr. Dinds. iv 360
(but perh. this is ellipt. and belongs to III (e) ; cf. TBC2
cited there). romarbtha na maithe ... frisna crechairib
LB 154a63
. in lucht frisa tucad in digal .i. Uespiam ┐ Titus
ib.
16
. Constantiana ... .i. eclas rocúmdaiged fri Constantin
157b48
. Of parenthood
:
trī meic Medba fri Fergus,
Corp. Gen. 279.33
.
sē meic do Mīlidh fri Scota ┐ dā mac frisin nEspānaig 'Míl had six sons of Scota, and two sons of the Spanish woman',
ITS xliv 64 § 424
.
do chomthusmed clainni fri hA. to have children by A.,
Alex. 512
.
(b) to denote instrument, through, by means of, by dint
of
(cf. similar uses of Engl. `with') : sénais Brigit fria
bachaill with her crozier
Hy v 58 T
= lia F. fria noebainm
... séntae cech slóg subach by [or at ?] his holy name every
happy host was sained
Fél. Prol. 99
.
ícaid [Tipra C.] gallrae
... fri troscud aici,
BColm. 52.15
. argain fri daigid (destroying by fire
LL 107a21
(
Ériu iv 28
), cf.
multi nobiles
ceciderunt ... fri daigidh ro horta uile,
AU 900
(see RIA
Dict. s.v. daig). go nach deachaidh neach re siúbhal ... as
no one escaped by flight
ML 88.31
. re dán nglas ... dán
breaghdha do bhréagnachadh with a simple poem to refute
an elaborate one
Content. vii 13
.
ro ēirigh fri nert seoin ┐
solaid,
Moling § 4
(possibly = with here cf. dol ar fairrge ...
ré cóir na gaoithe = with a favourable wind
ML 36z
= le
ML² 466
.
cuir me ... chum seoil ... re cóir ghloin,
Measgra D. 48.16
).
IX In expressions of time :—
(a) in O. Ir. in locatival sense in phrase : fri dē
by day,
in the day-time
Ml. 121d8
.
Wb. 6a30
.
fri dei,
9a5
,
24d14
,
26b17
. Cf. in gabail fri dei ... in gabail cech ráithi a catch
(of fish) daily (?)
Trip. 250.14 (2950)
.
fri díe,
Mon. Tall.
§ 55
. fri haidchi
by night
Trip. 208.25 (2452)
. gl. contra
noctem
Lat. Lives 18
.
re lá,
Ériu iii 148 § 3
.
arna imbreth
... i n-aidchi cía nosgonad fri dé,
LU 5609
.
(b) usually to denote period during which something
continues or takes place : 'na fuair frisna secht ṁbliadnaib
SR 3394
. fri a n-aimsir in their time
Laws iv 210.28
.
niro
chotail C. frisin ré sin,
LU 6337
. fria ré hi fut a saegail
for their lifetime
SR 5932
. bai cocad mor etarro fri re ciana
RC xxiv 186
.
batar ... fri re secht la amlaid sin,
ACL iii
225.1
.
conosrala for sechrán fri re bliadna co lleith,
LU
1279
.
bá-sa i Tul T. fri ré inna dílenn,
Ériu iv 144y
. maith
graig dorat damh rem lá in my day
ACL iii 304.23
. D. ba
talchar fria ré in his day
Metr. Dinds. ii 40
.
dorumaltsa
... m'aimsir fri hamsir Nemid,
LU 1276
. nir siubhuil in
conuir-so re bliadhain aenridiri for a year past
ZCP vi
104
z.
(c) fixing a limit within which something takes place :
ni ba marb-sa fri sin I shall not die before that
ZCP i 105.4
(co sin v.l.). Cf. also the locative use in
Marco P. 11
cited
I (a). tanic ... uidi na .xii. mís fri .xii. laa made the twelve
months' journey in twelve days
LB 139a31
. icuis fri teorai
nomaidhe within thrice nine days
RC xii 66x
. nos ithend ...
friha brathad sula in the twinkling of an eye
LU 1895
(
RC x
56
; fri b. v.l.)
do imredar ... re trí lá, ┐ ní ruc G.
énchluichi rissin,
Acall. 1348
.
(d) of point of time ; in some cases approaching VI (b)
above.
fri dead n-aissi,
SR 2829
. in tan nadbi fri húair
i fos | frithalmi when he is not here at the hour of attending
...
1199
(cf.
LB 110b43
cited under VI (a) above).
cech
dūil ... rosdelb fri oenuair,
SR 7864
(similarly
7234
,
7386
).
grend Muman ... grend Connacht ... ra hóen-úair at the
same time
Ériu i 130.36
(
LL 46b
).
buaidh ... damh fri
deiredh mo ṡaoghail,
ACL iii 231.1
.
ra dered flatha
Domnaill,
LL 185a48
(
Arch. Hib. ii 85
) =
Rawl. 154a52
.
Rí dorat na deich plāga | forthu fri huair combāga,
SR
3942
. ? cid fri geld bāis nobeth `though he were at the point
of death.'
Mon. Tall. § 48
(see gell). re húair nfaicsiona
at the time of looking
RC xxix 128.13
.
fri huair tacrai do
ghníma,
Ériu ii 228.7
.
(e) in follg. exx. perhaps used for ria
before: na buidne
... robatar fria Crist...rofhogain don Choimdid fria tuidecht
soscela (= turbae quae praecedebant ... ante evangelium)
PH 4573
. dorad som a cuibidil fria mbass made his confession before death
RC xviii 53.19
. Cf.
co ro muid fri maccu
Israel,
LB 122b47
=
re,
YBL 293b40
(corresp. to mebaid remib
SR 4765
).
(f) In later lang., 3 s. ris occurs as
adv.
bare, exposed, uncovered
: mar do leig ris a n-aoinfheacht 'how it left [her] uncovered at once'
Duan. F. ii 332 § 9
,
Éigse ix 228
.
do theilg Ercuill a bhrat de ┐ ro leig a lorg ┐ in croicenn leomainn ro buí re cnes ris,
ITS xxxviii 997 (Stair Ercuil)
.
chonarcadar a ccroicinn go coirtighthi buídhe ris,
Smaointe B. Chr. 150
.
ó bhí mo chroiceann-sa nochtuighthe síos reis,
160
.
cia d’innis doit-se a bheith nochtuighthe síos reis (leis, v.l.),
161
. See also la VI (d), léicid.
X In regular or occasional construction with many
verbs (and nouns of cognate meaning with them), e.g.,
those of speaking, addressing, boasting, complaining,
asking, thanking ; meeting, touching, striking, rubbing,
grinding ; listening ; waiting, expecting ; entrusting ;
co-operating, associating, helping ; visiting ; resembling,
comparing, differing ; parting, severing (from) ; doing
(something to), acting (towards), giving, distributing,
apportioning ; requiting, paying, selling ; refusing, rejecting, denying ; hindering, restricting, opposing, combating,
etc. See especially : ad-cosnai, ad-gair, ad-teich, ad-tluichethar (attlugud), aigid, 1 anaid, ar-báigi, as-beir, benaid, beirid,
1 caithid, canaid, 1 cingid, comalnaithir, 1 con-clich, con-delca,
con-gní, con-ricc, con-sní, con-túaisi, crenaid, dálaid, dlomaid,
do-beir, do-gní, do-icc, do-rogaib, do-slí (tuillem buide fri),
do-sluindi (diúltad), do-tét, dúnaid, 2 erbaid, fáiltigid(ir),
feraid, fo-gella (2 fuiglid), fo-rig, fris-oirg, fris-tairissethar,
fris-taít, gaibid (fris-gaib), gellaid, íadaid, 1 íccaid, imm-beir,
imm-fogni, imm-fresna, in-samlathar, in-túaisi (éistid),
labraithir (labraid), laigid, 1 ligid, lingid, 1 luigid, meilid (con-meil), naiscid, ráidid (ol, ar), rannaid, renaid, saethraigidir,
scaraid (and compds.), soïd (do-soí), 1 téit, tongaid.