n f. Inflected partly as i- partly as a-stem, see GOI p. 449 . Later also m. oirbeart (g s. and n p. -irt, -ta) m., IGT Decl. § 25 . oirbhirt (g s. and n p. -e, -a) f. § 42 . Vn. of ar-beir. IGT Verbs § 83 .

(a) act of using, employing, exercising, practising: epscop dobeir ūasalgráda for nech nā bī tūalaing [a] n-airberta eter chrābud ┐ léigend ( i c. ┐ l., LB 11b46 ), Ériu i 218 § 3 . a.¤ bansgál i n-orgain using women in warfare, Cáin Ad. § 52 . In phrase a.¤ gaiscid: robai C. oc a.¤ (airimbert v.l.) gaiscid hi tuaimim a scēith, TBC-I¹ 1507 . combu thúalaing airbirt gascid, LU 1668 . in tan ro scáig do chách a.¤ a gaiscid, BDD² 1090 .

(b) Hence without qualifying word heroic deed, exploit: intan is mac bec dogní in a.¤ ucut who performs that feat of arms, Ériu i 114 § 3 . Alb na na.¤ , LL 21620 . ro molsat uili maithi na Tr. in oirbert ro triallsat praised the undertaking, Aen. 2087 . do ronsat airbirt tenn treorach attempt, Acall. 3408 . gibé oirbheart do-né neach / ní hoirdhearc é gan eineach `whatever exploit one may do', Studies 1924, 244 § 25 . minic do-rinnis-si . . . oirbheart nā budh nār do neach, O'R. Poems 415 . prowess. valour, courage: a uaisle a oirbheart . . . ag díon clú coróna Saghsan, Aithd. D. 25.17 . an t-Alaxandar . . . tanaiste . . . ar oirbert, Cog. 204.6 . gebtaitt . . . cuicced Ulad re nerbert `by prowess', Fen. 276.16 . imarbaidh einigh ┐ engnamha ┐ oirbearta na h-Erenn . . . d'imradh, MR 94.19 . fer co n-a.¤ , SG 18.33 . an tan ráinig Irial san ríoghacht ┐ doghabh oirbheart ┐ arrachtas ré a ais, Keat. ii 1829 . a.¤ .i. treoir, O'Cl.

(c) Of labour in general exertion, effort: roimigh A. lé oirbert féin `by his own effort', Ériu iii 166 § 22 . acht do rachad rea oirbert fein ina tir duthchais, Ann. Conn. 1315.9 . ni ar a n-a.¤ fein tangatar they did not come of their own will, O'Curry 2536 ( Eg. 88, 44(45)d ). oirbert no imram do denam, CF 57 . tús oirbheart ann mar do éirigh when He began to do things (of Christ), Aithd. D. 77.1 . do-ghéan uime mh'oirbheirt féin I will take my own measures about it, DDána 101.28 . Of making preparation: dēna fēin t'a.¤ colēic (of one being banished), Ériu iii 154 § 8 . In phrase a.¤ catha war equipment (cf. airmert): niba hannsa . . . gabail na nelipint sea fria hairbirt catha sin with that(?) war gear, BB 496a24 (IT ii2 101.) ro gabad . . . airberta in catha, Alex. 575 .

(d) act of practising law, pleading: tar a.¤ faesma in spite of protection being pleaded, Laws i 100.8 Comm. ni tathbongar a.¤ la aneolus, O'Curry 418 ( H 3.18, p. 229b ). dia ndernut serbus oc airbiurt, Laws i 296.4 Comm. recht nairberta .i. cin roairde cin roisli, O'Curry 2280 ( Eg. 88 fo. 21(22)a ). cin astad nairberta, O'Curry 813 ( H 3.18, 375b ). astad airberta ┐ a.¤ aoi iarna hastad, O'D. 560 ( H 3.17, c. 439 ). a ha.¤ feichemnais ┐ breithemnais, Laws iii 90.13 Comm. gan airbhert n-imṡena, Ériu xiii 27.29 ( O'Dav. 161 ). tri cumtaig gáisse . . . dagaigni do airbirt, Triads 178 . aigni airberta (special type of pleader), Ir. Recht 46.x . In phrase bérla n-airberta language of pleading(?): cloch, trī anmann lé .i. onn a īarmbērla, cloch a gnāthbērla, cloech a bērla n-airberta ar inní chlōes cach raod, Corm. Y 213 (or in meaning (e)?).

(e) import, use, application of words: bunad ┐ inde ┐ a.¤ conagar don focul is senchus, Laws i 30.y Comm. eitged . . . a a.¤ .i. a eipert fir ani nach [follus .i.] scoth is in focul [budein], co fagabar and trena tur, iii 90.16 Comm. insci .i. scientia (.i. ecna) a bunadh Laitne. Scothenga a a.¤ , Auraic. 571 . fid fundamentum a bunad Laitne fo edh a hinni fotha no fid ae a a.¤ , 763 . atat da aithfeghad for imchomarc .i. imchomarc iar n-inni thoirni ┐ imchomarc iar n-airbhirt nanairbirenn bith, 1895 . airbheart .i. tuigsi no ciall, O'Cl. cumgi airberta (of women), LL 344d34 . Note also: a.¤ .i. aircetal, ut est a.¤ cin [cil-]ceill .i. do denum cen claon ceille, O'Dav. 49 .

(f) In phrase a.¤ biuth (bith) (d s. of 1 bith world, see GOI p. 162 ) act of using, enjoying: a.¤ biuth comlabrae gl. bonorum ussu `the use of speech', Ml. 59a10 . ind erbert biuth gl. ut ipsarum rerum possit illis manere certa profussio uel functio, 68b14 . Esp. of food: ba ṅdílmain dossom a.¤ biuth di thorud a precepte, Wb. 10d14 . cid tol dó a.¤ biuth inna túare, 11b18 . rann aile do airbirt bith doibsom `another part to be eaten by them', 10d18 . oc airbirt biuth coirp Crist, 11b14 . do erbeirt biuth gl. esui, Ml. 20d1 . ind erbert biuth, 61c9 . ar a.¤ bith don crann urgartha . . . .i. ar na.¤ do roinne da bethughadh im chaithem thora[idh] in crainn, O'Curry 1750 ( 23 Q 6, 33 b ). edam .i. airbirt bith .i. edo , Corm. Y 518 . Hence of sustenance, food-supplies: riagail im aon airbirt bith o noin do noin one meal, Laws iii 14.21 Comm. an ccuimge a rabattar d'esbaidh airberta bith, AFM vi 2252.3 . tria aidilge airberta bith do beith for an mbárda in consequence of the warders' needing food, 2140.15 . do cuingheadh . . . airberta bith uirfheóla, Hugh Roe 272.10 (fo. 72a) . ag goid bhar nathardha ┐ bhar nairbherta bith foraibh, 208.26 (fo. 55b) . Note also: cid saill, cid feoil a a.¤ `whether his repast be . . .', Ériu iii 104 § 34 .

Later also use, custom, habit, mode of life: is ar chol dorímther leo dún ar n-a.¤ bith ┐ ar fógnam do dúilib dé, Alex. 925 . fogníatt dia na.¤ bioth ┐ bestatadh, Hugh Roe 178.y (fo. 48a ). ar deismirecht a betha inmedhonaigh, ┐ a a.¤ bith cach laithi, BNnÉ 19 § 42 . airbheart bith .i. beatha, O'Cl. aen airbeirt bith gl. catholicus, O'Curry 91 ( H 3.18, 66 ).

v (* to-mel-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 577 ). Ipv. 2 s. tomil, Wb. 6c7 . 3 s. -thoimled, 11b18 . Indic. pres. 3 s. rel. do-m-meil, 6c7 . 1 pl. du-melam, 13c12 . 3 pl. d-a-melat, 10c3 . Subj. pres. 1 s. dorromiul, LL 285b38 . arna tormal , Ml. 119b6 . 2 s. d-a-romle, FB § 62 . doroimle, § 17 . 3 s. -toroimle, Laws ii 374.11 . cia tormala , 342.3 . 3 pl. -thormalat, ZCP xiii 28 § 4 . Impf. 3 s. d-a-melad, Wb. 10d3 . nach thoimled , 11b18 . doromlad, Ml. 36a29 . 1 pl. do-s-melmais, Ml. 111b15 . 3 pl. domeltis, Wb. 10c3 . Fut. 1 s. -tomel, LL 285b38 . 3 s. -thoiméla, FDG² 8.229 . Perf. 1 s. doromult, Corm. s.v. fogamur . ní tormult , Wb. 18a10 . 3 s. dus-ro-mailt, IT i 109.4 . dorumalt, SR 2909 . dia tormailt , 2804 . co tormalt, 6171 . 3 pl. doromaltatar, PH 5109 . In Mid.Ir. often treated as simple vb., stem toml-, toiml- (somet. tóiml- in LB); subj. tomel-, toiml-, tormal- ( co rothormala , PH 5080 ); fut. toimél-; s.-pret. (by back-formation 1 s. doróimless, Fél.² cxl gl. Sept. 8 . 3 s. doromel, MacCongl. 7.3 ). ná tarmaltad , LU 4281 , is perh. a pret. pass. formed from stem tormalt-.

Vn. tomailt (see also tormailt).

Spends, consumes, uses up: quia luna tomel diem solis 'since it is the moon which consumes the solar day' Ériu lvii 13-14 (Munich Computus) . toimhéla .i. caithfidh, O'Cl.

(a) Esp. of food eats: edo .i. domeilim, Corm. Y 774 . edo toimlim, 619 . léic uait inna biada milsi et tomil innahí siu dommeil do chenél, Wb. 6c7 . ce dumelmis cech tuari, 10c21 . tomail in séire, SR 2905 . gebid in mbairgin-sea ┐ tómlid hi, PH 2989 . cip é thóimles bairgin in choimded, 5342 . toiméldait . . . corp ┐ fuil in choimded, 2998 . mine thomhlidh m'fuil 's mo c[h]orp, RC xxxvii 345 § 7 . atbél-sa . . . mani tomliur in lus sin, Trip.² 2349 . rotbia fiss uilc ┐ maithiusa acht co tomli aen uball don chrund, MacCarthy iii 52.25 . ceand cach mbíd int iesc, ar do tomail Isu é, Corm. Y 736 . toimleth in ingen (= bibebat), Lat. Lives 68.8 . ni thoimlit fín tria bithu, Marco P. 175 . feoil ┐ bainni notomuiltea leo, 36 . co tormolaind mo lór dona lendaib somillsi, MacCongl. 83.11 . nír thóimless mír no banna, 23.23 . lansoer in sealb domelar fer ┐ arbur; letsaor int sealb na tomelar acht fer no arbur nama the grass and corn of which is used for pasture or food, Laws iv 20.24 Comm. bundsacha . . . do chur os na lothraib asa tomlitis na coerig a cuitig, LB 114a24 . immalle dathómlitís a próind, RC ii 392 § 22 . co tormalaind praind, Metr. Dinds. iii 390 . is annsin domeilti feis Temrach, RC xv 283 § 26 . doroimliur in fleid dot méis may I partake of, ZCP i 497.11 . an bord dia rothomail in Slanaightheoir in suiper deigenach, Fl. Earls 200.10 . ind fhairend rotomlithea ó biastaib, RC xxv 236 § 6 . Used absolutely: nir thomail ┐ nír suan C. co matain, FB § 57 . ní choitél, ní thoimél, MacCongl. 61.25 . in clar ar ar thomail Naem Muiri, YBL 169a50 . rothomailset comdar doithenaich, RC xxiv 196.10 . Ruminates: na raip domela[t] na ba . . . na ruip na toimela[t] na capuill . . ., O'D. 585 ( H 3.17 446 ).

(b) Of time: ar ná tormal mo saigul n-uile i ndóiri that I may not spend my whole life, Ml. 119b6 . is amlaid domel Conchobar a fhlaith: a trian ind lái oc decsain, etc., TBC-I¹ 369 . toimlid for rē mar cach sruith, SR 4739 . dorumalt Moysi . . . ann tres raind a aimsire, 3783 . collá dot daim . . . uaire doromailt do ré thou hast spent thy time (thy time is up), LL 246a8 . co tormalta di bliadain ar míle (co rochateá, LU), Imr. Brain ii 286.35 . conadh amlaid sin domhelit a mbethaidh, Marco P. 183 . nin-toiméla leth a sháiguil he will not live out half his days, ZCP xii 236 § 55 . romarastair C. co tormail .ix. ndine a nÉrinn he outlived nine generations, IT iii 193 . co tomaltus (co tormalt, co rormalt-sa, v.l.) na cenéla sin uli, Imr. Brain ii 292.3 .

(c) Of clothing: ní tormult . . . for n-étach, Wb. 18a10 . techta fuillema gill étaig fognama . . . domelar cach dia of the working-dress that is worn every day, Laws v 398.1 . domelair tlacht cen corcair let us wear, ZCP xiii 278.21 .

(d) In various applications makes use of, enjoys, exercises: maisse dóine nístoimled of men's wealth he used not to partake, Hy. ii 5 (glossed nís-caithed). dorumalt Dauid . . . a horddan, a hairechass, SR 6989 . doroimle banrígnacht úas bantrocht Ulad mayst thou enjoy . . . the sovranty of queenship, FB § 17 . doromla Banba mbarrbricc he shall enjoy (i.e. possess) B., LL 4513 . ba cōir cen co tomled E. in ferand it was right that E. should not possess the land, 1539 . ma ratocad damsa as me domelad and argat-sa it is I who should use, Anecd. i 5.18 . cia tormala dia fuillium though he consume somewhat of its interest, Laws v 520.3 ( .i. cid gu n-a somuine caithes e, 12 Comm.) ( Ir. Recht 66 § 9 ). rige dorumaltsa .l. mbliadan I have enjoyed (exercised) kingship, RC xxv 24 § 4 . toimled . . . ord saer na sacerdóte let him exercise, SR 4487 . ro toimli breith na físi se mayst thou experience (the fulfilment of) the interpretation of this vision, RC xv 429 § 6 . mairg dorumalt a n-imned dorumalt-sa who has experienced (taken) the trouble I have, FB § 88 . da mbeth . . . ingen ar chóicait acum dobertha duit-siu co tormalta ben díb that thou mightst have (enjoy) one of them for thy wife, RC xiii 38 § 4 . ni thomel-sa mo mnai, D IV 2, 53va33 . cachtsus rosacht ind rígain | . . . | úair ná tarmaltad a suth | co tarmartad a lécud since no offspring from her had been enjoyed (?), LU 4281 ( SG 84.18 ). gein bad chumma fri Cormac, | a Dé, in tormalt domun? has the world known any offspring like C.? Metr. Dinds. i 36.112 (`hath the world devoured'? cf. follg. section).

(e) Occas. with specific sense of wears out, wastes, consumes (but this perh. *dī-mel-, CMMucr. 119 n. 370 ; cf. dímelte): cia dosroimli aes ┐ fognam though age and service may have wasted them (of cattle), Laws ii 316.18 ; 314.36 Comm. domail a déda frisin ngai it wears out (?) its teeth (of a bear), CCath. 3668 (or from meilid grinds).

ind edam .i. airbirt bith .i. edo; edom didiu dind airbirt bith ┐ din menbugud menbaigthe cach tuara chathes duine ; ni egam ut imperiti dicunt , Corm. Y 518 (edam .i. edó .i. domelim .i. oirberim bith LB). ? edom ebraice sanguinius, quia in sanguine uiuit vel edom quia edendo intestina vivit (sic leg.), , O'Mulc. § 371 , but see CMCS lx 20 , ZCP xx 482 . Cf. ? 1 etham.

n etham ab edo , O'Mulc. 463 . Cf. edam. Possibly identical with follg.

n iā, f. vn. of ithid. Somet. shows dental endings in Mod. Ir., see ith, IGT Decl. § 3.6 .

(a) eating, the act of eating, devouring: comithi gl. commensationes, Wb. 20b21 . son inchoissised longud ł. ithi, Ml. 56a13 . air ni foircnea in fini hi.¤ neich di anuas `the eating of anything of it from above,' 102a15 . huan ídi gl. edulio, 124c8 . in nephithi gl. inediam, 127c18 . i.¤ a verbo edo .i. domeilim, Corm. Y 774. coin dot i.¤ ind `dogs shall devour thee for this,' Fél.² cvi 35. ni caemnacair biad do i.¤ , ScM. R § 3 . lin a hi.¤ a number large enough to eat it (of the paschal lamb), SR 3910. fearunn do cennach dia ar, no d'ithi a feoir (i.e. for ploughing or grazing), Laws ii 358.25 Comm. dia ndenaid gait, no gat d'ithedh, Laws i 56. 10 Comm. ar dith a éan, ar n-a n-ithedh do'n phréachán, Celt. Rev. x 143.9 . dobheir da n-echaib iat re n-ighti, Stair Erc. 2315. gurab falláin do'n duine `amigdolum' re . n-a ithidh, Eochairsg. 100.2 . do bhi toirmeasgtha orra an iodhbairt ... do eitheadh, Luc. Fid. 246.12 . lochaidh ag i.¤ na ngort uile, AFM ii 988.16 . do shuigh an pobal síos do chum i.¤ agus ibhthe, 1 Corinth. x 7. ? To this: a gheoidh iarna ghabail ... a ithí ímil edaigh thou that gnawest the edge of clothing ? (in a series of abusive phrases), IT iii 103 § 193. Meyer, Bruchst. i 28 § 63 reads: a ithe i mīl ētaig `der du (? leg. du der) dich von Kleiderlaüsen nährst.'

(b) a gnawing pain: ar tsergaib, ar ithib, ZCP x 346 § 10. cordis morsum i.¤ croidhe, 23 K 42, 45.17 . re heasbhadh codalta ┐ re hi.¤ bhéil an ghaile, 149.20 .

n o, m., (méth) also with palatal stem, méithred. Fat, grease: ping[u]edo .i. methrad , RC ix 240. minnach meith .i. mengach é iman meithred 'a smooth swearer, i.e., he is guileful about the fatness', FS Herbert 176 ( CIH iv 1363.4 ). an feoil ┐ an méathradh ro caithsiot, TFrag. 124.4 . gabaid for ongad-comailt a cuirp do ola . . . ┐ do methrad, CCath. 2935. braisech . . . gan ionmar gan méthradh, Mart. Don. June 9 (p. 164) . an meithreadh no an bhlonnach, R.I.A. 23 K 42, 102b3 . anbruithi a n-ingnais methraig, R.I.A. 23 P 10³ 69b7 . Rosa Angl. 78.3 .

ind ethad ┐ etham ab edo, dicitur enim etam ni etham t.¤ arindí ethaid oine (?), O'Mulc. 463.