prep., leniting, with accus. and dat. See
GOI
§ 823
,
Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 150
, Frazer,
ZCP viii 5
, Williams,
Celtica ii
305
;
IGT Introd. § 130
.
Usually spelt ar.
air,
Ml. 51c2
,
2d2
;
er,
122a16
,
BB 449a10
;
eir,
Ériu iv 180 § 39
. The spellings air, er, etc. (more freq.
in later lang.) and the modern pronunciation show that
O. Ir. ar as simple prep.was replaced by a conflation of
airi and fo(i)r (3 s.
n. of 1 ar and 1 for).
In Mid. Ir. 1 for and 1 íar are frequently spelt ar. See III,
IV below and the articles on these words.
With article arin, -int, -a, etc. Note also
airind,
Ml.
31b17
,
air ind,
53a15
.
arndi (= arindí),
Ériu vii 138.4
.
airnaib,
Ml. 110d9
.
With poss. armo (m'), -do (t'), -a, -ar, -far (-bar) etc.
Note also
ar mh'éigse,
Content. ix 26
.
aire slicht,
L. Chl. S. 2
.
With rel. part. ara:
aratobarr,
Wb. 12d29
.
arandéntar,
2a10
.
cid arambiat
,
Ml. 56b9
.
ara n-eperr,
Críth G. 1
.
With copula:
cid armbad
,
Wb. 11a19
.
cidar impotabis,
Ml.
56a13
. cid arnabu son, ib.
ardott áigthe,
LU 5656
=
arṅdotāigi,
TBC-I¹ 1178
(taking áigthi as vbl. of necess.).
ara trēn,
ACL iii 239 § 32
.
ara n-amra,
ZCP vii 312 § 26
. Before
inf. pron.
arindepur,
Wb. 5a31
.
aridlabrathar,
7d2
. With
neg.
arna airecht,
Sg. 198b3
.
arnach faca,
ZCP xiii 169.13
.
With pron. suff. Early forms. 1 s.
áirium,
Wb. 7a12
.
erum,
LL 286a25
.
erumm,
PH 1397
.
erom,
1503
. 2 s.
erut,
Wb. 27d19
,
29d7
,
YBL 326b42
,
PH 6565
.
ærut,
Ml.
2d8
.
airiut,
Blathm. 569
,
LL 289b30
.
airut,
LU 8086
.
GOI § 437
also gives airiut, aurut without reff.
as `old forms which occur only in later sources' (
p. 272
).
3 s. m. and n.
GOI § 437
gives airiu as the dat.
form (cf.
airiu,
O'Dav. 22
?), airi as the accus. airi is the usual
form passim in the early language. Cf.
áiri,
Wb. 11b21
.
f. (accus. and dat. not distinguished)
erre,
Irish Texts i 3 § 8
(sic MS. See
Ir. Hist. Stud. i 347
).
airri,
SR 405
(emended
to
airre,
GOI § 437
).
airthe,
LL 286a7
. 1 pl.
erunn,
Wb. 15d13
,
Ériu ii 124 § 65
.
erund,
LU 597
.
erond,
588
.
airiund,
TBC-I¹ 170
.
airriun,
ZCP xi 110 § 26
.
airund,
LU 593
. 2 pl.
airib,
Wb. 20a3
,
22d25
,
27c19
,
Metr. Dinds.
iv 232.33
.
airibsi,
Wb. 14d25
,
a33
,
16a26
.
airiubsi,
15c1
,
17a5
.
airiuibsi,
16c23
.
eruibsi,
27d7
.
Ml. 2a11
. 3 pl. acc.
erru,
Wb. 4d20
,
11a29
;
ZCP ii 315.26
.
erriu,
Wb. 9c8
,
11a20
.
erro,
LL 289b30
.
airriu,
Wb. 15a23
,
21d11
,
O'Dav. 985
.
airiu,
Wb. 11d11
,
Laws iv 176.7
.
erthu,
LL 280a1
.
RC
viii 154 § 5
.
airthiu,
LU 4915
.
ZCP viii 310.22
.
airtho,
TBC-I¹ 409
. dat.
airib,
Laws iv 162.2
.
airaib,
114.21 Comm.
In later lang. all pronominal forms influenced by those
of for, giving or(u)m, or(u)t, air, uirre (uirthe), orainn
(oirn.
oirinn,
O'Gr. Cat. 556.25
), oraib (
oirb,
BColm. 100.3
),
orru (orra, orrtha), etc.
The presumed distinction between ar with accus. when
motion is implied and with dat. when no motion is implied
(
Zeuss 622
; with reservations
Vendryes Gramm. § 283
; see
also
Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 73
-
74
, Williams loc. cit.) appears most clearly
in the stereotyped phrases ar chenn towards, ar chiunn
ahead of, before (see 1 cenn): ar beolu towards, ar bélaib before,
in front of (see bél). The dat. is usual in ar cach láu daily
(see lá) and in ar thosuch (
Sg. 203a7
, see tosach). Usage
is less clear outside fixed phrases, and that of the various
collections of O. Ir. glosses differs (the available material
is also much reduced by the frequent identity of form of
a
s. and d
s. of nouns). The accus. is regular in Wb. in senses
of taking away
from
and counting
as
, and also in glosses
on Lat. ob, the dat. where the meaning is
with regard to,
instead of
and in glosses on Lat. super. Both cases are
found where the meaning is
for the sake of, because of
. In
Ml. accus. is constant only in set phrases. The dat. is usual
in meaning counts
as
, do-beir ar (for?) calls and in glosses
on Lat. dat. without preposition (ar gentib gl. gentibus,
78a12
,
89c2
) and where a Lat. compd. noun is treated as
two words (arintinmlegun gl. promulgatione,
71c18
). In
general use the meanings saving
from, instead of, in meaning
of, in return for, on account of, because of, for the sake of,
for the purpose of
are all found both with accus. and dat.
In Sg. the meanings instead of and on account of are found
with both cases. See also
IGT Introd. § 130
,
Bard. Synt. Tr. 2
-
4
,
17
,
20
(where detailed rules are given for accus. and
dat. both with simple ar and for compd. preps. such as ar
aghaidh, etc.).
I
(a) Much less freq. in concrete or physical meanings
than in more abstract ones. Perh.
before, in front of
in
(case of follg. noun not certain): dá [n]dorus [n-]and,
comla[e] ar ala n-aí, clíath ar alailiu (-e, MS.) `in front of'
(Gloss.),
Críth G. 100
. ar Tuatha Dé Danann `before
the T.D.D.',
Ériu xii 152 § 15
(TE).
cethridoruis airri
(recte airre) im-mach,
SR 405
.
ó beit fíanna fer nÉrenn
┐ Alban do Chonaire ar thig,
BDD² 1416
. Cf.
1081
,
1400
,
1492
. ? airiu . . . iarmo in front of it . . . behind it(?),
O'Dav.
22
. Cf.
airber .i. frit anair bere .i. eter do dī lāim, ar is fort
muin bere ere [n-]aile,
Corm. Y 58
. Acc. to Binchy,
SCano
p. 33
, frequent in meaning east of, the only example cited
being: acon loch ar Mag Aí `by the lake east of Mag Aí',
Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 32 § 2
(`on'). Cf.
Airbri .i. fri Bri Eli anair,
O'Mulc. 70
=
Dinds. 16
(
RC xv 308
). ?
a nAicill ar
Temair,
Anecd. i 17.1
. Cf. perh.
Síd ar Femin,
LU 7846
(
BDD 140
), etc. (or for al?). Perh. orig. with concrete
force also in:
do té(i)t aitire ar ḟer feras in fuil,
Críth G.
52
`goes surety for', Gloss. Concrete meaning is perh. also
to be assumed in the phrases agaid ar (late, orig. for?), ar
agaid, ar amus, ar beolu, ar bélaib, bél ar bél, ar chenn,
ar chiunn, ar dorus, ar dreich, ar fed, ar gnúis, ar leth, ar
medón, ar ṡúil, ar thosuch, ar thús, ar úairib. See under the
nouns concerned. With more abstract force in ar aí, ar
apu (see 3 aí, 1 apa). Here may also be included: doire
acummisc arúir `of their being mixed with mould',
Wb. 13d3
.
úachtar ar lemlacht dó mixed with,
Críth G. 63
. loim
midc do chumasc ar usciu `to mix a sip of whey with water',
Mon. Tall. 143.25
. ba fial ṅdō buith arnaib ōcaib, cēin
dogēni calma among,
TBC-I¹ 1266
=
LU 5739
. ?
tiucfa in
mac cētna ar bar cloind,
ZCP viii 563 § 27
(for?). Perh.
for for in: ó fó-certa a ṡrúb ar géscoe against a branch,
BDD² 349
(=
ar gésce,
355
). conadh ar x. míli cathrach
do shiublaighdis techta Magnuis Cam . . . ō maduin co
fescor `to ten thousand cities',
Marco P. 96
.
Rarely of time. See ariu
before
.
(b) In the follg. exx. the meaning is also more or less
concr., though the precise meaning of the prep.is obscure,
and it would be possible to consider them as early exx. of the
replacing of for by ar (see III, and fo-ceird III):
arnarala for
cubus áiri,
Wb. 11b21
(see note). Cf. focheird mo menma
airi `my mind is set on him',
Ériu ii 92 § 2
.
ón lá tarrla ar
n-airi air,
iv 220.27
. torala dia archeill do degnimu su
`let God bring to mind thy good deeds',
Ml. 43b15
. iscor
lame ardodced buith ocairbiathad sainte gl. nam qui volunt
divites f[i]eri, incidunt in temptationem,
Wb. 29b18
. ? Cf.
ni comarleiced (.i. nir cetaig) dó cor lamha aire (.i. dul do
sacarbhaic) cin foghlaim,
Trip.² 243
.
mabeidní dirúnaib
dothéi armenmuin indfir,
Wb. 13a12
. Note also: arnaib
réib ilib gl. et qui ascendit super omnes caelos,
22a8
.
(c) In compd. numerals (with dat., see
Celtica ii 312
):
a n-óen ar fichit (fichet, MS) the twenty-one,
Ml. 2d2
. cóic míli
ochtmugat ar chét one hundred and eighty five thousand,
34b17
.
a ocht deac ar chét,
BCr. 32d2
.
deichinbair ar dib
fichtib ar trib cétaib,
Trip.² 3104
.
secht cathae ar chetharchait
/ ar secht cétaib is huilliu,
ZCP viii 313.34
.
cōicer ar
ceithri fichtib,
219.29
. fer ar sheisir seven men,
Celt. Rev.
x 348.23
.
fri re tri n-aidhche ar mís,
RC xviii 162.32
. Note
also: tāinic buiden mōr . . . dōig lim is ar trichaid cēt inti
approximately(?),
TBC-I¹ 3142
(text perh. faulty).
II In a wide variety of abstract meanings for the most
part deriving independently from those given under I.
(a)
for, for the sake of, on behalf of, etc. (often gl. Lat.
pro) (with accus. and dat. See
Celtica ii 309
):
cia dudrigni dia
mór di maith erriu,
Wb. 11a20
.
innahí dorigeni Día ar maccu
Israhel,
30
.
mirabilia dorígeni Dia ar maccaib Israhel,
28
.
massu arinbethid . . . dagníu,
13c11
.
mor ní as dénti ní
airriu,
15a23
(in sense of mod. déanaim rud ar I obey, see
Thes. Suppl. 51
).
niarséuti . . . robcarsi tíamthe,
23d4
. ar
erchru gl. pro defectu,
Ml. 31a4
.
dusrigeni dia erru amal robu
thol doib,
54a34
. fri assaru ar maccu israhel gl. rerum
gestarum (testimonio),
94d2
. ara bǽsaib som .i. ar denum a
thule gl. pro suis ritibus laborantes,
87b20
.
a ndorigēnai in
rí / do ḟertaib ar ṡanct Brigti,
Thes. ii 332.4
(Hy. v).
or ar Bran nailither,
286.34
(inscr.).
lānamain . . . nī fil etarscarad dōib acht ar Dia,
Corm. Y 824
. léicfider cach bean
do mnáib airiut thou wilt be preferred to all other women,
BDD² 59
. ar ghaol for the sake of relationship,
Studies 1918,
99 § 15
. dorindedh mainistreacha ┐ sepeil le ar anmain Gyi
`for the soul of G.'
ZCP vi 90.11
. See also under meince,
1 pairt. Freq. in sense of (praying) for, see airnigde, guide,
guidid, oráit.
(b)
for the sake of, by
in adjurations and invocations:
dilig dam . . . / ar Maire n-amra n-Ingin,
SR 7820
.
ar do
chumachtae . . . tesaircc dam-sa mo chūrcha,
BColm. 54.3
.
ar do thrīnōiteacht, a Thrīnōit,
ACL iii 241 § 2
. ar
t'fhírinni riutsa, na furáil etc. by thy honour,
CCath. 1659
.
ar na deib rib,
TTebe 4025
.
síol Ádhaimh . . . / ar do
thocht díobh slánaigh sinn,
Dán Dé ix 22
.
(c)
on account of, because of (with accus. and dat. Glossing
Latin ob, pro, propter): ar ar comoicsi do bás on account of,
Wb. 14b25
. aracethardese gl. quam ob causam,
31b24
.
ob
mirationem .i. airinn adamrugud,
Ml. 61a15
. ar chosmaili
ind fochuinn diaragbtha gl. causae uicinitate,
35b24
. ar ét
im chrabud gl. pro zelo religionis,
36d24
. arna lithu gl.
propter cultús diuini festa,
47b2
. arna pecthu immefolngat
guasacht do anmin gl. propter animae pericula,
7
. cid
arnaibhisiu .i. arnaib hi forodamarsa gl. ob ista,
58d13
. ní
ar pianaib do thabairt forru `not on account of the infliction
of punishments upon them',
114b7
.
ara foirbthetu fadesin,
Wb. 6c19
. tocombaig a ṡlán ara ḟornert because of,
Críth G. 415
. ar ṡóethaib because of grievances,
581
.
ar ilar
a imarbus,
ZCP viii 104.7
.
Corco Bāiscind ar a nert / nī
damaid cert d'Eoganacht,
v 500.16
.
With a variety of nouns in more or less stereotyped
phrases: ar na h-ádhbharaibh sin for those reasons,
ML
58.11
. ar[a] airmitin som through respect for him,
Ériu iv
30.23
.
ar t'ḟuath,
i 97.32
. ni diles ni doberar ar uathbas
`nothing is lawful which is given out of terror',
Laws iv 286.25
.
See also under áis, cairde, 1 cúis, 1 écndairc, éicen, ecla, 1 gart,
midlachas, miscais, omun, sant, serc, úacht, etc.
Common with abstr. nouns from adjj. in the construction:
nīr fētatar a tōcbāil ar a truma because of her weight =
because she was so heavy,
Anecd. iii 9.8
.
ar dúire a drochdelba,
Ériu iv 102.16
. ar ḟebus na cuidechtae because the
company was so excellent,
BColm. 78.18
.
ar a laechdacht,
ZCP viii 318.12
.
ar cumga in puill nír féd dul amach,
Ériu v 49.7
.
in senadh ic á adhradh ar a uaisle,
CCath.
334
.
ar ghoire do ghaoil,
Dán Dé xi 11
. Without poss.
or gen.: cona tisa . . . in dam tarais ar airdi (a fence),
Laws
iv 76.19 Comm.
Freq. in advv.and conjj. in O. Ir. glosses. 3 s. n. as adv.
on account of it, therefore:
fristemlighter cid ind aier airi,
Ml.
73c2
.
ni bad pronomen airi,
Sg. 203b2
. isairi doroigu dia
geinti hore . . . this is why . . . because,
Wb. 5b12
.
is airi
inso rogabad som hi rige,
Ml. 14a4
.
cinid airi doberr desimrecht acht ar atrebthach nand,
Sg. 35b13
. With article and
i: arindi gl. eo,
Sg. 190a4
. ni arindí . . . sed quia
not because
. . . but because,
5a4
. arindisin gl. ei,
Ml. 54c6
.
arndi
furumai sár for cach toil,
Ériu vii 138.3
. With se: ní nád
ṁbed arse di chorp gl. ideo,
Wb. 12a22
. arse gl. ob hoc,
Ml. 18d15
, gl. qua re,
29d1
. isarse gl. quo circa,
Enchir. Aug. 70b
,
81b
(
ZCP vii 480
,
484
). airechas ceneóil airsiu
(leg. airsin? edd. airriu, Ped. MS Index to Wb. glosses)
ní
airechas fidei,
Wb. 1b12
. Later: air sin on account of that,
CCath. 2350
. Note also: ar a smuaintighib do beith . . . a
mbeat[h]aidh an tigerna so that his thoughts might be in,
etc.,
BCC § 5
(cf. ara).
(d)
instead of, in place of, as substitute for, in meaning of
(meaning confined to O. Ir. glosses. With dat., occas. with
accus.): arnab geintib huilib taken as referring to all the
Gentiles gl. Iudeos et Grecos omnes,
Wb. 2a15
. foirbthe ar
anfoirbthu gl. decem milia, a perfect (number) for an imperfect,
9a10
. corda .i. arin duiniu huli lesom gl. a parte
totum,
Ml. 53a2
. todochide ar sechmadachtae n-anfoirbthe
gl. commotatio . . . temporum `future for imperfect',
62a16
.
arnaib bolcaib gl. pro uesicis,
99a4
.
fogur cechtar de ar
alaliu ┐ fogur na liter naile airriusom,
Sg. 4a8
. ni roscríbad
ar naill (leg. ar na aill, edd.),
6b3
.
a ṡuidigud ar anmmaimm
dílius,
27a1
.
Often with as-beir, do-beir etc.: dobeir inso arnab uilib
cumactib gl. supra omnem principatum et potestatem et
uirtutem et dominationem,
Wb. 21a13
.
epert innan (MS.
inna) aisndisen arnaib gnimaib gl. dicit autem non quia
talia locuti sunt Scribae . . . sed quia talia fecerint,
Ml. 16d3
.
a ndurigni duaid in gnim sin in tengad do airbirt ar gnimaib
in choirp,
31b24
.
intan asmbersom pes ┐ manus nochis
arnaib gnimaib són dungniat som honaib ballaib hisin
atbeirsom,
56b3
.
tri suidigud dosom inna cluas arin chorp
huiliu,
60b16
. arnaib fedaib sonartaib ardaib gl. pro terribilibus arbustís cedros possuit,
146a6
.
The idiom ad-rími ar
counts as
(with accus. and dat.) is
prob. to be assigned to this section:
ní ármisom ar chumactte,
Wb. 6a1
.
cenid ar chomsuidigthib adrímther inna fortórmach so,
Sg. 202a5
. See ad-rími. With LA: petra les arin
trediusa sís he takes petra as standing for,
Ml. 60a7
. in loc
lesom híc arnaib aitrebthidib gl. a loco habitatores intellegite,
144c3
.
(e)
in return for, in exchange for, as price of, in payment
for, as equivalent of
(with accus.): airitiu lóge ar mo precept
in return for,
Wb. 10d31
. rotbīa a lōg airi you shall have a
reward for it,
TBC-I¹ 585
. is lá cach(a) tíre do-tét dlega(i)r
aire `is due for it',
Ériu xvii 70.4
. Freq. do-beir lóg etc. ar:
ainm indlóge doberr domiledaib armílte,
Wb. 3c1
.
intan
dobera Dia fochraicci ar degnimu,
Ml. 90c14
. screpul
doberar do gilli . . . ar comaitecht do neuch o pecad `a groat
that is given to a lad for accompanying someone in a sin',
Mon. Tall. 143.9
. nī tibur-so in tinnscra sin(ee) cid ar
Meidb C. feissin I wouldn't give a brideprice like that for M.
herself,
ZCP iv 39.7
(cf.
TBFr. 185
). ní conrogab terochraic
. . . ar forbrissiud fir truaig `reward for oppressing a wretched
man',
Ml. 36a32
. ni riat na dánu diadi ara n-indeb domunde
sell for,
Wb. 28c2
.
ríthæ . . . ar ech ndonn,
Thes. ii 240.1
(Ardm.).
tale damsa a log ar epert do firinne lat,
Ml. 36a32
.
síodh Dhé 'gá ceannach ar chrodh being bought for herds,
Dán Dé xxvii 33
. With vbs. of leaving, abandoning:
ni
dérsid for sóiri ar fognam,
Wb. 20b10
. roleicc creitim ar in
paganacht he left the faith for paganism,
Anecd. iii 72.28
.
as uime do trēig Temraigh / ar Chend Maghair,
ZCP viii
108.19
. Denoting
preference: ragaid duit aire . . . rígi
hÉrend in preference to him,
BColm. 68.18
.
do mholfuinn
fear an leithléighinn 'gá mbíadh beatha ghlan . . . arfhear láinléighinn 'gá mbíadh beatha némhthromdha,
Mac Aingil 4782
.
(f)
for the purpose of, in order to obtain
(as far as the exx.
serve with accus. in Wb. and dat. in Ml. The exx. from Wb.
given here, however, could equally be referred to the
preceding section): precept arbiad in order to obtain food,
Wb. 10d13
.
madarlóg pridchasa,
23
.
is arnach nindocbáil
móir fodaimim se inso,
23b12
.
asberat isar indeb isdénti tol dǽ,
29b12
. arind etarimdibiu (arindetar imdibiu, MS.) gl. pro
interfectione aduersariorum,
Ml. 36b23
. ar chuindriug pectho
gl. instrumentum est divinae iustitiae `for the correction of sin',
49b7
. gabthe dunad les fris arinoillus for protection,
55c1
.
asberar ar thormuch pectha for the purpose of increasing
sin(?),
76a5
. bliadain lán dano do M. [┐] a muindtir uli for
usciu ┐ bargin ar tuaslucud anmae B. `to obtain the release
of the soul of B.,'
Mon. Tall. 133.29
. serc fochraici ara n-as[c]nam, piana do imchaisiu ara n-imgabail in order to
avoid them,
Ériu vii 138.28
. is rimsa . . . rohérbad ar
eisnéis it is to me it was entrusted for relating,
iv 144.21
. annsa
lebur tuc sé dóib ar choimét a ndligid feín `for keeping',
Maund. 61
. Also perh. in phrase ar olc fri, see olc (because
of?).
(g)
by virtue of, by means of, through
(dat.): condenad fingail
ar chuinged soinmige do gl. mercari peccato securitatem,
Ml.
39a6
. ? ar gressaib gal / glenaid luch inna línsam `by feats
of valour',
Thes. ii 293.20
.
ni ar lín óc brister cath,
Ériu
ix 47 § 18
. ar neart a n-engnama by dint of their prowess,
ML² 286
. gaibsit tír and ar chlaideb by the sword,
ZCP
viii 313.21
.
(h)
In general sense of in respect of, with regard to, in the
matter of, relating to, etc. (appar. with dat.) (the ascription
of some exx. to this section is tentative): desmrecht insin
ar aimsir deirb that is an example of,
Sg. 66b17
, cf.
exemplum
ara airiuc far diull tanaisiu,
106b20
,
exemplum inso ara
rangabalda asrubart,
39a5
.
annsom hi taurgillib tairgille ar
bechaib,
Laws iv 162.1
. rucus tairgilli ar bechaib `für Bienen
ist ein `tairgille' . . . zu stellen',
ZCP xv 319 § 12
. ? isam ómun
ar a aisnéis I am afraid to relate it,
LU 5349
. is fon samla-sin . . /gníth . . . a cét-chumma / Temrach . . . / ar áibnius
in beauty,
Metr. Dinds. i 10.64
. fear feadhma deas ar gach
ndān in every art,
ZCP viii 562 § 16
. bean as ghloine ar
ghníomharthaibh `purest in deeds',
A. Ó Dálaigh xv 15
.
issí
eisimplair Crist . . . do lenfadís ar míne ┐ ar buaine, ar deirc ┐
ar trocaire,
Maund. 123
.
ro derscnaigh d'ógaibh a chomaoisi
ar goil ┐ gaisccedh,
Leb. Gab.(i) 200.7
. Also in phr. ar chuit,
see cuit. For do-beir teist ar see teist. See airbág.
Common in phr. of type: teine . . . ar thes crabaidh (of a
person) a fire . . . in heat of piety = a paragon of piety,
Anecd. iii 5.19
. Muridach,
ba muir ar crūa[i]s,
ZCP viii
299.34
. deochain ar grādaib ┐ sacart ar ūaisle a deacon in
rank and a priest in reputation,
BColm. 82. 15
-
16
.
ba laech
ar gaisced,
RC xxiv 184.4
.
a éan choluim ar cheannsa,
Dán Dé i 19
.
mar lile ar lí,
Dánta Gr. 30.14
.
(i)
about (of stories, books, reading, etc. In late exx.
only. Perh. orig. for in this meaning): iomda ar Lasair
ferta amhra many wonderful miracles (are said to have been
performed) by L.,
Ériu v 90.4
. is mebair linn . . . / in seanchus
fil ar Mag Ráin the lore about M.,
iv 156.18
.
Leabhar Oiris
┐ An[n]ála ar Cogthaibh . . . Éireann,
i 78
. craoibsgaoileadh
ar chath Cluana Tairbh description of the battle of C.,
16 n.
léighmid ar Alexander n-uaibhrech, etc.,
Mac Aingil 872
.
léan ba sgéal ar fianaibh Fáil,
Magauran 2790
. Cf.
sgriobhthar ortha go . . .,
Ó Héodhusa 68.16
.
(j) With verbs of depriving, stealing, hiding, lacking, etc.
from
(accus. and dat.):
tri airchellad donaib sommaib a
n-anae airnaib bochtaib,
Ml. 90a11
.
is amne asruluús airi,
Wb. 17d16
.
a manaig do béim ar Lommān,
BColm. 84.16
.
ní bēram-ne t'áthius ort we shall not take thy victory from
thee,
74.22
. ni cumscaichthi cumachtae nairi gl. hoc
potestatem literae motare non debuit,
Sg. 6a5
.
ni fil nach
díchlith airi,
Wb. 1a4
.
tesbanat boíll aíriu,
11d11
.
in dá
ṡét tesbanat airi,
Críth G. 130
. ní gette na brithemnachta
becca erriu you would not snatch the petty judgements from
them,
Wb. 9c8
.
nī gatar a forgall ar domun degmnā,
Cáin Ad. 4
.
a tellad errusom,
Wb. 11a29
.
dives cui (.i. isar)
clam tollitur
,
Enchir. Aug. 76b
(
ZCP vii 482.27
.)
(k) With verbs of protecting, saving
from
, defending
against
(accus. and dat.):
ainsium Crīst ar cech nernbās,
Thes. ii 352.4
(Hy. vi).
Dīa dom chobair . . . / ar cech
ṅgúasacht,
350.16
(ibid.).
dia dítin ar in pecthach,
Ml.
57c4
.
dia diden . . . ar náimdib,
Thes. ii 354.2
.
airnaib
imnedaib doneimni a dǽ,
Ml. 110d9
.
fri himdegail cuirp
. . . ar demnaib,
Thes. ii 354.4
.
diar snádud . . . / ar gábud,
359.6
.
for soirad ar senachrib,
Ml. 33b21
.
air ni bói
numsoiradsa ar chumachtae ṅduini,
74b13
. Continuing a
Latin construction: ar thes inna gréne són ┐ ara naimtib
gl. quae etiam inumbraret eos et regeret,
97c4
. arnaib
cumachtgaib gl. difensionem,
103c7
. arnaib hi sin gl. ut
illis eripiat,
117b4
.
defensionis . . . ar maccaib israhel,
124b10
. Note also: comad chādus ar cach ngúasacht that it
might be a halidom against every danger,
BColm. 96.10
. tucc
dam a Dē mōir / . . . / ar pīanu na plāg / tonna dīana dēr,
ACL iii 232 § 1
.
III In later lang. ar and for become a single preposition
(often with surviving difference in follg. mutation, see the
examples in
Bard. Synt. Tr. p. 2 ff.
). The follg. are exx.
of ar for earlier for. Of local relations (for I): imda gol gargc
ar a brú many a fierce wail in its lap,
BColm. 100.6
. ar
saebchoire in a maelstrom,
94.12
.
tarrúd úire ar airib / for
leccaib ar láech-maigib,
Metr. Dinds. iv 232.34
. seóit Cluana
maic Nóis do foillsechadh ar Gallaib Luimnigh `were discovered with',
RC xviii 53.12
. Of quasi-local relations, etc.
(II). Of point of time (c): ar na tri soldomnaib `on the three
chief feasts',
Mon. Tall. 129.27
.
ar notlaice ┐ caiscc ┐
cengciges,
Ériu vii 150.30
. Of rule, sway, over (f):
ba rī
tenn ar Tūathmumain,
ZCP viii 119.28
.
flaithius ┐ forlamhus
ar crichaib . . . na cruinne,
CCath. 1
. In addition to (g):
cotardda trá ar se mo chendsa ardo chend my head in
addition to thine,
RC iii 185.8
.
credo ┐ pater . . . ar cech
m-biait,
xv 490 § 26
(
for cach mbiait,
§ 32
). Affecting,
afflicting, etc. (h):
bíd oirb oman Dé do neim,
BColm. 100.3
.
trom orm a innisi,
ZCP viii 200.25
. duaithnid ar dainib
in domain incomprehensible to,
Fen. 38. 16
. Subsisting on
(j): ar geilt féoir feeding on grass,
Ériu iv 156.12
.
ar usci ┐
bairgin,
RC xv 491 § 30
, cf.
for usci ┐ bairgin,
490 § 26
. In
a state or condition (k): na biad ar in mbreith sin `that she
would not abide by that judgement',
RC xxiv 196.1
. nírbo
borg báeth ar bruidin it was not a foolish castle engaged in
brawling,
Metr. Dinds. i 32.46
. With vb. of motion:
ge deach
rī Conaill a ccēin / ar slūaiged rí Temhra tréin,
ZCP viii
116.21
. To express the dativus incommodi (m): adbathadar
uile thorad parrthais ar Adam `were forfeited by Adam',
Laws iv 266.14
.
adbathadar ar Aongus a thire,
15
. rogabsat
tech air they stormed the house in which he was,
BColm. 72.4
.
ni cloifithir oirb bar cath,
YBL 314b55
. Perh. also: ben
clucc ar Cellach against,
Cáin Ad. 18
.
cogadh mór le
Domnall . . . ar Brian,
Ériu i 78.5
. In phrases (p): ar bith
c[h]é on this earth,
BColm. 100.3
. ar comairci C. under
the protection of C.,
86.28
. ar debaid in haste,
LL 7493
. ar
lár cháich in the midst of everybody,
Ériu iv 222.28
. ar
neam in heaven,
Anecd. i 39.114
.
ar ṡeilbh (sic leg.) éicsi,
Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, v 92 § 9
. With verbs (III): dorad min aire
`put meal over it',
Mon. Tall. 147.11
. dobert trian forcridi
. . . ar chuid cach lae `added one third of water to the daily
allowance',
7
.
do thabairt geinti ar ireis,
ZCP iii 22.6
.
Note also: rostatlaig ar thenn-medón he clasped her by the
sturdy waist,
Ériu iv 104.8
. roghabh nathraigh mbí ar
bolgán `by the belly',
CCath. 4194
.
IV Replacing ÍAR. Of time (I): ar cath Ch. after the
battle of C.,
ZCP viii 314.18
.
arsin,
Ériu iv 132.1
. is ar
sein anid sí co arnabárach thereupon she remains till the
morrow,
ZCP viii 309.20
. ar n-ēirghi grēine at the rising of
the sun,
ML² 1333
.
sóaidh co brónach dia taigh ar marbadh
a maic,
RC xviii 45.31
.
ar tteacht ór tticch,
ZCP viii
219 § 13
.
do bātar ar n-a crēchtnugad,
ML² 386
.
ar ngabāil
gīall for Mumain,
ZCP viii 119.31
. Of place (II): arsin
t[s]eit along the way,
Mon. Tall. 153.20
. ar slige Póil is
Petair in the track of Paul and Peter,
Ériu v 24.24
. According
to (III):
suidfither gach aon duine . . . ar miadh ┐ ar dligedh
┐ ar a sognim[r]adh,
RC xxviii 22 § 49
. ar a fidhair fen do
cruthaigh Día é in His own image,
BCC § 408
.
For use as conjunction see 2 ar, 1 ara.