n o, m. Later also cur, car, cora, cura, cara. Vn. of fo-ceird. c.¤ car (an tsíl ┐ na bḟíach ┐ na sligheadh ┐ fuaras . . . ┐ atá orum) . . . c.¤ (an eich . . . car an eich .l.) g s. -uir, m., IGT Decl. § 69 . cur (an tsíl) g s. cora m., § 70 . cura cora cara (an tṡíl) m., § 2 . Verbs § 58 . c.¤ a curvo , O'Mulc. 369 . in c.¤ , 499 . fuirmeal .i. cur, O'Cl.

1 act of putting, placing; setting up, etc. in a wide variety of contexts: mórfessiur . . . oc c.¤ cacha h-óenslaite (of building a house), LU 8059 ( FB 2 ). áes feig . . . do ch.¤ i n-óenfecht dia saichthin to send, 6145 (TBC). gan Aenach C. do c[h]ur not to hold, Ériu xviii 62 § 20 . ? ar c.¤ bissexa, LL 17463 . a chur ind `it shall be forfeited', Laws i 160.15 Comm. bid teora bliadna os úir gen a cur (of transplanting trees), Marco P. 165 . gan cur ná treabhadh soisgéoil planting, Mac Aingil 5005 . ? ac cur na sáraighthedh dictating the cases of s., O'Gr. Cat. 120.2 . clú M. ar c.¤ a caemna `has established her protection', Studies 1920, 419.12 . c.¤ eich spurring on a horse, Aithd. D. 77.27 . gan inghean . . . ré cur síoda ná gréis `wearing silk or embroidery', Keat. ii 2770 . an fhuinneóg . . . ar a mbī cur cléthe nó gráta = garnished with a strong grate of iron, RSClára 93b . ag cur chru `shoeing a horse', AFM iv 694.18 . ? sciath . . . do chur ber ┐ sleg ┐ saiget for . . . warding off(?), LL 24895 .

2 In figura etymologica: ní chuirfi c.¤ búada de `will not win thereby', Trip. 78.9 . noconfōicher c.¤ dia chind he won't stir his head, TBC-I¹ 706 (cf. ni lamad c.¤ de he dared not budge, LU 726 ). co rolád c.¤ isin dúnad take a turn round the camp, 154 (LU). asbér is c.¤ roda lláus immudu that I have simply lost it, TBFr. 168 . ba he met rolad c.¤ dia indtleacht na hingine such an impression was made on the girl's mind, ZCP xiii 262.20 . is níor fhéad c.¤ do chur dhi could not stir it, DDána 102.25 . Note further: do ghrádh ód thriath ná till ch.¤ `turn not by a single point thy devotion away', Magauran 2362 .

3 act of throwing, casting : c.¤ .i. urchor, O'Cl. di ch.¤ cruinn da-cer dul issa mmuir `from casting (the) lot' (gl. de ligno sortis), Tur. 132 . c.¤ cloiche (a game), Celtica viii 149.21 . cur clach, Cóir Anm.² i 179 § 10 . cur liac putting the stone, RC ix 454.18 . c.¤ ṅdeiled, Ériu iv 30.10 . ag cur dhísle, Studies 1923, 599 § 15 . foscaigthe na crann do chur fó thuaid don gréin that the trees were casting shadows, CCath. 1581 . gan fhuil a chnis / do ch.¤ , Ériu xvi 134 § 53 . le car snechta, IGT Decl. ex. 246 . lé linn . . . na gceath soin do chur, Keat. ii 2287 . Hence of feats, etc.: oc cur in rothclessa performing , LU 8844 . ag c.¤ iomána, RC xxix 116 § 13 . Note also: le cur claidem by plying the sword. Hy Fiach. 190.z . Of sounds: c.¤ ndelma, Ériu xvi 82.34 . a ngair ag a cur uttering cries, RC xiii 7.7 . Freq. of battles, slaughters, etc.: robu coscrach dia chur / a gleten fri diäbul `he was victorious from fighting his battle', Blathm. 175 . dotháet c.¤ mo diberga de, LU 7067 = BDD² 658 (`plundering', Gloss.). gan cath do c[h]ur, Ériu xviii 62 § 23 . ar cur āir after inflicting slaughter, BColm. 90.19 . fer cora choscair, IGT Decl. ex. 729 . Note also: corrthuafail (= c.¤ thuaithbil ?) gaoithe whirlwind , Corp. Astron. 112.17 . gaotha corr-thuaithbhil, 160.24 .

4 act of letting go, discarding : grís chaomh ar car a smáil, IGT Decl. ex. 1066 . ag car chnúais, ex. 594 . gach cnú chorr ag cur a bláoisce, KMMisc. 172.31 .

5 In a variety of idioms with prepp. (only a small selection can be given from a very wide range, especially where the later lang. is concerned): c.¤ lame ardodced getting involved in misfortune, Wb. 29b18 . car Mhoighe Aoí ar aitreabhadh renewing husbandry in Mag nAí, MS. Mat. 564.21 . c.¤ ar comrād fri canōin `intentness on (?) conversing with the canon', Ériu ii 65 § 11 . barr do chara ar an gceól gcrot, Studies 1919, 612 § 6 . dom char ort, DDána 90.12 `commending me to thee', Ir. Monthly 1920, 53 . ag cur mheic ar ḟer nÍ. imputing to, IGT Decl. ex. 1266 . cur chuca `interfere with them', TSh. 10169 . eolas gacha conaire no cingfitis do chur go crích doibh to lead them all the way wherever they went, BNnÉ 51 § 40 . ainm in míl-sin cen chur de (chev.; in full? precisely?), Metr. Dinds. iii 428.41 . cen a ch.¤ de, ZCP viii 268 § 44 . atá an chruinne dom chur (v.l.) dhí is discarding me, Dán Dé xxviii 24 . c.¤ gortha don ghalldacht `they undertake to set the Pale ablaze', Studies 1920, 417.14 . ag cur do chum an bhaile do ghabhail attempting, AFM v 1846.1 . C. . . . do ch.¤ do cum báis, vi 2368.15 . xx tunda fina do cur fo tir were cast ashore, Ann. Conn. 1310.10 . ic a cur for dail mbicc treating it as a small matter, CCath. 5014 . dám thrír táncatar ille / dá cur ra (= fri) Find, LL 29302 `sich . . . zu gesellen', Festschr. Stokes 9 . cur ré tuicsin cumacht an Airdrig to attempt to understand, Ériu ii 146 § 165 . decair c.¤ ré draoidheacht ndéin contend with, Duan. F. i 40.21 . cur red chlú ní chúala adding to, competing with, the equal of(?), A. Ó Dálaigh iv 1 . With i n-agaid, see agad, aiged ar c.¤ hi far selbad-si `putting ourselves into your possession', Wb. 8d26 . is c.¤ anma [ ] i mod confuses the spirit, Ériu xx 196 § 21 . cara im cheann to oppose me, Dán Dé xix 20 . Cf. 1 cenn dia c.¤ i cóic dividing it into five, Ériu iv 154.6 . a chur a gcrích uile = the whole disposing thereof, Proverbs xvi 33 . cach dá chur sin a n-ingnad air everyone marvelling at that, BCC 85 . gan iad féin le chéile ag cur `that they pull not together', O'Gr. Cat. 408.10 . rígh is sochair lén doirbh cur whom it is difficult to oppose, Content. xiv 55 . gan c.¤ le gan laghdugadh without addition, ZCP ii 350.10 . c.¤ do sétche uáit putting away thy wife, Wb. 10a21 . iar n-a chur roimhe rí Alban do ghairm de féin proposing, Keat. i 206.70 . do ch.¤ súlae taris `to cast my eyes over it', Mon. Tall. 136.22 . in c.¤ tar cenn gl. euersio, Ml. 36d23 . 72b12 . 99d7 . huan ch.¤ dar cénn gl. auersione, 118a15 .

6 With follg. adv.: iar na chur amach . . . co `after it had been reported . . . that', AFM vi 2226.16 . ? Íosa 's a dhá asbal déag / deacroide cur re a gcoimhéad / brath 'n-a mbun ó thigh do tigh / cur a-mach ar an muinntir, Dán Dé xxi 22 . ? is ferr do neoch a ch.¤ ass to give up (of unrequited love), LU 3943 ( SCC 44 ). ni bhi ga chur as ach sibal an re there is nothing interfering with it, Ir. Astr. Tr. 102.10 . ar mhórán do reachtaibh . . . iar n-a gcur síos written down, Keat. ii 4739 . teampall chille R. do ch.¤ suas `was re-erected', AFM iii 590.16 . cur suas de Dhia to renounce, O'Rah. 295.16 . óna neithibh atá agam' ch.¤ timcheall = a circumdantibus me, TSh. 4264 .

Transferred meanings.

7 leap, twist; throw (in wrestling): ro lá c.¤ n-iach n-erred de i n-arda, MU² 952 , cf. 1 eó, eú . c.¤ fo laim [no prep] (of a horse), Laws iii 180.17 Comm. tuc léim láidir ┐ car, SG 26.28 . troid beó fa comthruime cur, IGT Decl. ex. 529 . c.¤ arrachta `a powerful throw', Stair Erc. 1136 . Cf. rolá in scrín . . . curu dí, Fél. 76.38 .

8 twist, coil : anncoir gorm fa choraibh do chábla, óir, MR 349.z . snas donn a cúil 'na caraib, Prolegomena 45 § 27 . c.¤ d'irbull in dragun a timcill an leogain, ZCP vi 61.16 . ro latraigseat curu imm na cathaib `umkreisten', Alex. 247 = ro lasat curudu, etc,. ZCP xxx 113 .

9 twist, detour, circuit in road, etc.: curu gl. giros, BCr. 18b2 . do bretha c.¤ n-imruill fothuaid ┐ fodess do na sluagaib were led astray, LL 7931 (TBC). ar doirthi na c.¤ `des Weges', ZCP xxx 136.10 (Alex.). téid c.¤ seach an gcathraigh neamhdha `takes a course past Heaven', Dán Dé xxxi 21 . c.¤ sligheadh, PBocht 3.25 . c.¤ fo chosán = cenn fa eite (punctuation mark in Ir. MSS.), O'Don. Gram. 434 . Fig. do choraibh trúagha an talmhan vicissitudes, IGT ex. 770 . biaid cur da findfam there is a way of finding out, MU² 879 . c.¤ .i. cuairt, O'Cl.

10 tune, melody : c.¤ .i. ceol, O'Cl. cass c.¤ cuirt[her] guth ín luin, IT iii 19 § 53 . do sinn slithi senma cuir ┐ puirt, Fianaig. 58.14 . lucht athlaimhe ar choraibh ceoil, DDána 17.19 . ag senm a ch.¤ (a bird), IGT Metr. Faults§ 61 . ? nōnbor āesa cerdd[a] ina sessam imbi oc cur na clīara, Corm. Y 141 = occantain (no ocur), Corm. 7 .

11 In phrases: in cursa this time, LL 7650 (TBC). na bris dúin cairptiu . . . meni bethe ar in t-ṡluagud-sa a ch.¤sa, 8211 `now', TBC-LL² 648 . den chursin `in that moment', Mon. Tall. 148.14 . don chur sa, LU 6303 . dind ara chur `for the second time', Metr. Dinds. iii 4.33 . cedna cur, AFM ii 800.2 . ar ch.¤ éigin = aliquo modo, Rial. S.F. 1691 . ar éunch. at all (after neg. vb.), Parrth. Anma 2448 . gan a deunamh ar ch.¤ ar bith, Rule of Tallaght 27 . ar aonch.¤ ar bith, Párl. na mB. 308 . ar chor oile = aliter, TSh. 6482 . ar an uile ch.¤ in every way, A. Ó Dálaigh l 2 . ar dhá ch.¤ `for two reasons', PBocht 13.21 . ar gach c.¤ in every way, Measgra D. 70.15 . as gach cur, Anecd. ii 62 . ar an gc.¤-sain thus, Dán Dé xviii 19 . ar an gc.¤-sa, O'Hara 1413 . ar an gc.¤ gcéadna, PBocht 13.19 . ar an cc.¤ ad-chluinti `in the way you have heard', O'Hara 3098 . Cf. is é c.¤ ar a ráinig ríoghacht Éireann C. this is how, etc., Keat. ii 3701 . imon c.¤ cedna, Ériu viii 36.25 . c.¤ fri c.¤ together (?), ZCP v 487 § 15 . c.¤ nach ffiorfa an fháisdini `so that he shall not bring the forecast true', Duan. F. ii 56.31 . ar ch.¤ nach feas dó, TSh. 740 . In phr. ar chur in the power of, at the mercy of, at the disposal of: coíca laech ara chur, Metr. Dinds. iv 320.1 . ar mo ch.¤ , Content. xiv 53 . ar chur ┐ fa smacht Easpuig na Rómha, Keat. iii 11 . Hence in Keat. c.¤ ar power over: cur ┐ cumas aige . . . ar an eagluis (Peter), Eochairsg. 6.37 . cur ag an mbás ar na seacht ndrongaibh úd, TSh. 7893 .

Legal.

12 contract . `Irish equivalent of the stipulatio of Roman law, the solemn verbal contract', Críth G. p. 81 . Freq. c.¤ bél (where bél simply limits the general meaning of cor act of putting; not properly verbal as oppd. to written contract , which does not occur in early Irish law, Thurn. ZCP xv 307 - 8 ). Later in more general sense of bond, bargain, agreement, guarantee, undertaking , etc.: c.¤ bēl, Cóic Con. 71.15 . cuir ┐ cundartha, 20.10 . for curu bél, Críth G. 279 . cur (d s.) ┐ chairddiu, 373 . cintaib cuir (coir, MSS.) `to liabilities arising from contract', 339 . ni c.¤ c.¤ for nemthe. for eglais. for fhlaith. for éigsi, Ériu xiii 23.26 . cair cis lir chuir dochuisin? Nin. A do; sochar, ┐ docor, Laws iii 4.5 . acht na cuic curu ata taithmechta la feine, i 50.y . tellach tar curu bel `entry notwithstanding verbal agreement`, v 210.2 . raith fuasluictar coraib `a surety who is freed from contracts', 340.18 . fiadnaisi .i. fiadæ ro nass in c.¤ , O'Mulc. 499 . dentar lib iarṁbes cech cuir/ . . . / edpart matinda, SR 4401 . o roscarsatar ar cuir since our bargain no longer holds (?), 1725 . in c.¤ amra ronenaisc .i. comruc re hēnfer, TBC-I¹ 1185 . c.¤ . . . ┐ faesam rīg Hērenn . . . fair-sium protection (?), Fing. R. 939 . fā choraibh ag cliaraibh, O'R. Poems 2036 `under bonds', Gloss. ná táeb ré c.¤ Conaillech, IGT Decl. ex. 713 . liom gé madh maith an c.¤ chuinghim request , Measgra D. 61.103 . gurab uime do rinde se cuir re lucht na cathrach covenant, ZCP xi 140.12 . aitherrach cuir do ch.¤ don choróin `to transfer the crown', AFM vi 2258.13 . c.¤ nō oibliogāid riagla . . . S. Clára = the obligation of the Rvle, RSClára 145b . Of marriage-contract : issé dorigne curu a mathar fria athair, BColm. 6 § 7 . tucusa c.¤ ┐ coibchi duit amal as dech teít di mnaí, LL 7589 (TBC). maith risin mnáoi si amuigh / amhuil mur snadhmar a cuir, KMMisc. 346.19 .

13 Later in sense surety, guarantor (cf. aitire, naidm(m), 1 ráth): caide c.¤? tricha fear; caide arrae cuir? coic fir déc, O'Curry 347 ( H 3.18, 191 -2). c.¤ .i. urraidh téid an urradhas, O'Cl. it cora a fine fadeisin forra, Laws v 128.18 . fiacha do thobairt a laim an cuir, O'Curry 299 ( H 3.18, 165 ). cata cuir condaigi? . . . Na trí gillai etc., MU² 72 . Rauphel lium doráith / os cind cecha cuir, KMMisc. 255.1 . cuir ┐ rátha, Duan. F. iii 246 . ná (leg. na?) cuirsi do dheimnigh dún / na cuisne eighridh d'ḟadúdh, IGT Decl. ex. 368 . Note also: coro greis in t-ōclach na curu i cenn in rig .i. muir ┐ gaeth ┐ grian ┐ eoitheoir ┐ firmaimint, Dinds. 81 ( RC xvi 32 ). Less explicitly: tecait cura daingne dó, Metr. Dinds. iii 178.153 . ni epér . . . co m-bet cuir dam fria `pledges', MacCongl. 23.1 . neart ar do choraibh ┐ ar do shlāntaibh, Feis Tighe Chonáin 996 . In follg. late exx. the pl. form prob. means guarantee(s), undertaking, term(s): ro naidhmsiot a ccura . . . amhlaidh sin, AFM vi 2172.2 . gur ro naidhm a cura fris `league', iii 126.13 . tugadar cuir ┐ slána do Mhogh N., ML 8.12 . ro naidhmset a ccura friss `they . . . fixed terms with him', Hugh Roe² 132.13 .

In later lang. in various transferred and Fig. meanings.

14 Attrib. g s. cuir. Precise meaning unknown. See TD 1.6 note. go Cruachain cuir, Fen. 182.20 . C. P. na g-call g-cuir, Hy Fiach. 46.10 . Of trees etc. (us. transl. planted): a lubhghort cuir, SGS iv 66 § 29 . an dá chraoibh chuir `those two firm planted branches', Magauran 2064 . Of buildings: teaghdhais chumhang na gcloch gcuir `piled stones', PBocht 27.19 . sluagh na síodh ccorrbhroghach ccuir `strong round-terraced elf-mounds', O'Hara 3329 . asin cloich cuir (in wall), LB 157a63 . Note further: fear . . . go gcuirnín cuir, Hackett xliv 48 . ón chliabhán chuir, Duan. F. ii 62.y . in treas cleitin cuir `casting javelin', 24.17 . for cai cuir `upon the road of a circuit' (of poets), Auraic. 2221 . ? cá bhfuil fós caomhnuime gcuir (not transl.), Content. xxviii 62 (see cunnuimne). a haon trí céd cadla cuir, AFM i 562.1 .

15 act of overthrowing, defeating; defeat, reverse : a ch.¤ do Bh. `he has been outdone by B.', Magauran 225 . tearc flaitheas nach fuighe c.¤ `few kingdoms escape unshaken', Ir. Review 1912, 376 § 6 . fuair T. c.¤ `reverse', Content. v 101 . ? don tsaoghal so an chuir, Párl. na mB. 2179 .

16 state, condition, plight : dia do ch.¤ `awful calamity', PBocht 1.19 . c.¤ an phobuil, DDána 35.9 . an c.¤ do-chiam fúthaibh, 26.2 . cruth cen chēill, dōiriu cach c.¤, is neime i n-ōrlestar worse than anything, ZCP vi 267 § 2 . trúagh c.¤ chloinne Hādhuimh, ii 583.16 .

17 act of tiring; tiredness, fatigue (late; always cur): on brig arna cur = a virtute defatigata, Rosa Angl. 272.19 . a h-aitli tsaetair no cuir, RC xlix 5 § 2 . daóine do chur to weary men, Isaiah vii 13 . ? cen séis, cen cur, cen cumsanad, Laud 610, 25d (Plummer MS notes). ? bean is clann gá cur, IGT Decl. ex. 1117 .

18 V. freq. in later lang. in adv. phr. car(a) (seldom c.¤) in cháemlaí (-laithi) all day long, the livelong day : car an chaomhlaithi, IGT Decl. ex. 132 . car gach aon laithe, Fl. Earls 142.32 . car an chaoimhlaoi, A. Ó Dálaigh l (50) 34 . cara(?) in caomh-laī, Feis Tighe Chonáin 379 . c.¤ an caomlaoi, Grail 2759 . Also: car an chargais during the whole of Lent, BNnÉ 149.38 . c.¤ ind erraigh, Caithr. Thoirdh. 77.34 . car an ḟaghamhair, IGT Decl. ex. 950 . car an geamraidh, ex. 339 .

19 Meaning doubtful or obscure: is blicht la mnāi cur ar is donaite cach tua[th]bel, O'Mulc. 754 . dia coraib, Anecd. i 6.4 ( SCano 156 `agitations?' Gloss.). ba ard cīsel choscair chain / Cormac co n-āni a chuir, ZCP xi 109 § 21 . in mbuithib (leg. inb-) cor a saithe `at the time of the departure of his own swarm', Laws iv 190.13 . fear saor is a bhladh dá bhrath / dá char gion gur caomh a dhreach, DDána 91.6 (to 16?). thainig [siad] do'n chur to the place(?), Oss. vi 62 . ocus tuille: car beg da derbad inntaithmech in focail is aireacht the analysis of the word a. gives some additional proof(?), O'Curry 2272 ( Eg. 88, 20 (21)c ). trí fichid . . . gan ch.¤ and no more(?), Keat. Poems 1185 .

20 Compds. ? measam cundrada carlínad `the worst bargain is fulfilling a contract', ZCP xvii 69 § 7 ( ACL iii 230.153 ). crithre corphort sparkling melodies, Studies 1923, 598 § 11 . ? ba rechtaid críche / corsir `long enduring in contract', Celtica vi 234.y ( coirsear, Laws iv 16.22 ) = corsir .i. focard gulla .i. clocha, a cennaib a aile siu ┐ tall iar ngabail a tirí, O'Curry 849 ( H 3.18, 385b ). conclanna . . . corshnadmanacha (in wrestling), MR 254.26 . See abratchor, 1 gúala, tenchor.

n m. a salmon = éo: hæ aite .i. in bradan bis isin ait, CIH i 241.20 . Or áe as in the plant-name áe aba, see 1 áe, Peritia xvi 390-92 . is ainm do bratan é, ┐ is tri ebad scribthar side [i.e. éo], Auraic. 5599 . an t-`é' breac do bí a mBoaing, H 3.18, 611b . ee ab esoce , Corm. Y 570 . am hé i llind (ar luas), IT iii 61 (= am eogh, 62 ). nách ǽ mór gaibter i nEss Rúaid, Trip. 146.12 = éicni, 13 . hé TBC-I¹ 1168 (= éu Eg). Anecd. i 73.210 (= ecne RC x 88 ). See ZCP x 201 . ant hé gabtha isin lín, TFrag. 10.7 . domairced ē cāin cech laithi, ZCP xi 161 § 210 .

n ā, f. (?) spellings: n s. ebad, Auraic. 1358 . ebhadh 1196 . euad, 1285 . eba, 4300 . eua, 4379 . As obj. of verb: eubhai, 4760 = ebhadh, 1538 . a s. (?) tria ebaid , 5430 . tri ebad , 5600 . n pl. ébha, IGT, Introd. § 12 may represent ébada.

(a) name of a tree, the aspen: ebhadh .i. crithach, Auraic. 1196 .

(b) helenium, elecampane: ebad i. elend 5523 . 5661 .

(c) the name of the ogam symbol for e before a broad consonant (...×...), being the first of the `foirfeda'; one of the double letters: see Auraic. 4389 . ebadh a fhidh in anma asberar fer. e a guta, 1533 . Includes eo(éo) Auraic. 5429 . 5599 . 5600 . Hence of the same sounds as expressed in the ordinary alphabet IGT, Introd. §§ 12 , 14 . éabhadh .eó., | éabhadh .ea., Celtica xxvii 62 § 16 . Cf. eabha, aebha `The Dipthong ea or ae otherwise written x or x & is then called Amhancholl or cc back to back' P. O'C. `The Five Epthongs,' na choig éabhadha (viz. ea as in bean, eo as in beol; eoi; eu as in feur grass, ei) MacCurtin, Elements of the Irish Language p. 21 .

n the name of the fourth vowel of the ogam alphabet, e . Also said to mean the aspen (cf. ébad) : edhadh .i. ed uath .i. crand fir no crithach, Auraic. 1195 = edath, 4298 . ergnaid fid .i. edad...ar is don crunn crithaig is ainm ergnaid fid, 5589 , cf. e, ærc[n]aid fer nó fid .i. idhadh, Anecd. iii 43.25 . ærchaid fid edath yew (?) Corm. Y 606 . edad .i. eu , Auraic. 5522 . ba die edath no bith in flesc, Corm. Y 606 .

Apparently confused with idad, the name of the fifth vowel, in: ibine...arroichled iarom edhad as, co nderna ibne de, Corm. Y 1301 . But perhaps ibēne is meant here.

n io, m. n s. in t-écne , LL 250a28 (= ind écne , ZCP iv 40.3 ). in t-éicne , 251a43 . in t-éicni , Trip. 146.13 . in t-eigne , YBL 371a31 = Dán Dé xiv 6 . an t-éigne , TD 17.35 . g s. ind éicni , LL 251a9 . a du. in dá écne , LB 203b12 . n p. écne, LU 26b16 . éicn, Acall. 3761 . eignedha, KMMisc. 313.28 . a p. éicn, Trip. 142.5 . écne, LU 26b15 . éigneadha, Dán Dé vi 40 . TD 15.53 . g p. ecne, LL 7a24 . éicned, Acall. 3513 . d p. éignib, Dán Dé xxviii 27 . TD 15.30 . eicnedai, Acall. 3513 n.

A salmon: éigne .i. bradan, O'Cl. eigni no bradan (gl. eo), Leb. Gab.(i) i 264 n.5 . 104 n. 6 . cf. bradán ball-corcra d'aigneadhaibh [sic] Mara Romuir, ML 38.30 . rollásat a llína ocus rogabsat éicne móra, Trip. 142.5 . nach ǽ mór gaibter i nEss Rúaid ised atberat ind iascairi: Drobessach in t-éicni (because the salmon of the Drobaís were the best), 146.13 . rom chuir in Coimdhe...hi richt égne ar gach n-úarán, Anecd. i 26 § 14 . do lleblaing in t-écne ar a chend, LL 250a28 . dia toichle iasc i n-inberaib rot bia éicni, TBC-LL¹ 1833 (= hé, TBC-I¹ 1168 . eú , ZCP ix 148z ). na héicne áille eochurbrecca nobith ré grian ┐ re grinnell co mmbidis ré slisbordaib in churaig acco (in a storm), Acall. 3761 . LL 219b40 = TTr. 196 . lingid bric is eignedha (v.l. breiceigne) | do chlar-bharr gacha tuinne, KMMisc. 313.28 . = lingid eiccne ilbreca | tar drumcladh..., BCC § 355a . ráinic O. co griantracht an tobair ┐ atconnuic na hocht n-éicne áilli eochairbreaca ann, Acall. 2332 (= na hocht mbratáin, 2335 . ocht maigre, 2370 ). na coic eicne filead isin topur, IT iii 195.19 (= na bratán, Metr. Dinds. iii 292.24 ). (of snowy weather :) inum éicned do dul a cuassaib bruach ann (d'eicnedaib...do dul a cusalaib talman...v.l.), Acall. 3513 . cora alainn...ecne breca ballcorcrai | do lingdís os a cindse BCC § 355a = KMMisc. 314.26 . Eas Ruaid...cén beit eicne ga imlúad, Ériu iv 150 . dar Ess Ruaid ecne n-amra LL 7a24 (= Leb. Gab.(i) i 104 , where it is glossed by: na mbradán mór). an t-éigne ó Eas Ruaidh, TD 17.35 . mar ṡeargus sibh na sreabha | nách iomchruid na héigneadha, 15.53 . As an edible: dobert ind inailt in méis...┐ in t-éicne fonaithe fuirre isé fuillechta fo mil, LL 251a43 .

Somet. apparently as a generic term for fish: ro bendach Crist na cóic bairgena ┐ in dá écne, Ériu ii 198.24 . cf. sneachta... ┐ aig anaicenta...co ro la ar di cethraibh ┐ enaibh ┐ eicnibh, AU 916 . táinig gorta... | do bhí sí ar an ealtain éan | do bhí ar éignibh an aigéan, TD 15.30 .

in t-eiccne ercoitech .i. ceneli bratan sin, CCath. 4149 (= echeneis Luc. Phars. vi 675 ). Esp. in mystical or religious significance (the significance of the salmon in Irish pre-Christian cults seems to have blended with the use of the fish as a Christian symbol): ecne dergoir (the form said to have been assumed by the supernatural begetter of a saint) Fél. 112.25 (Ap. 7, Comm.) . éigne órda (a magical salmon) ML 38.34 . See also below (Meton.), and cf. eó. Fig.: is mise Fintan fili | nirsam écne óenlindi, Metr. Dinds. i 4 . mé an t-éigne is é ar mearaghadh | cuir slán ar an inbhear inn | ón trágh a inghean Iaichim, Dán Dé xv 11 . xiv 6 .

Meton., of a hero, champion: arsid Eorpa. eigni tuindi BB 290a1 = IT iii 72 § 29 . aitreabh gach aoinéigne of every nobleman Ó Bruad. iii 14.5 . The punning line: eicni nach bi err 'na adrad (of Christ), ACL iii 242 § 12 , is probably to be referred to the use of the fish as an emblem of Christ. Transf., of a banner, standard (?): ra arthraigsetar dam dna éicne n-án n-anrud ┐ timthachta na trenḟer LL 236b1 (nan added above; leg. é.¤ na n-ánrud? = étaige ┐ timthaige...na rig ┐ na tóisech, TTr.² 889 . Cf. eccim ?).

n o, m. a bird: n s. essen didiu ni hēn chadacht no ni hēn clūmda cedacht [sic leg.] not yet a fledged bird Corm. Y 511 (cf. cadacht, Thes. ii 252.18 . cedacht, Wb. 27d13 ). én immoniada sás, Thes. ii 294.27 . int én bec 343.14 . cuach findruini ┐ én óir for a lár, FB 60 . én do lic lógmair, 62 . in t-ēn gaires as in tsail | ālainn guilbnén is glan gair, IT iii 47.3 . éu , Anecd. i 28 § 27 . v s. a eóuin Accla, 24.15 . a eóin , 25 § 4 . a s. sénais inn ēn luamnech the fluttering bird Hy v 64 . amal én LU 69b17 = TBC-I¹ 1259 . nomad loighi na circi in gach en da henaib an airet bet re cois for every chick Laws iii 380.2 . g s. do anmaim ind eiúin , Sg. 93a2 . i ndeilb euin RC iii 346.19 . suide eoin , Hy v 1 . bés éoin ar luamain TBC-LL¹ 3615 . a chride ind eoin ittig, 3462 . tré sciath n-ete indala héoin, SCC 7 . hi tuaim inn eouin, CCC 5 (Eg.). i rricht eoin = sub specie avis Todd Lect. v 20.8 . guth eoin bhinn do bhilibh GF, Ériu v 54.43 . sgéala gach eóin don ealta, TD 15.27 . guth a néin, Eccles. xii 4 . d s. dund eún , Ml. 118b10 (ref. to pellicanus). donn eon , ACL iii 234.15 . Dán Dé ix 24 . n du. in dá én , SCC 6 . a du. da én , 7 . CCC 2 . g du. a ndeilb da eun finn, RC iii 346.34 . d du. don dá éan, TD 15.31 . n p. amal donemat eoin a suthu as birds protect their young Ml. 39c22 . amal ṁbite in euin utmaill sin (ref. to locustae) 127c12 . ind eóin , FA 33 (LU. ina heoin LB). ind eoin , SCC 5 . an éin , CCC 2 (LU). eoin aititin (.i. cerca ┐ geodh) `domestic fowl' Laws v 166.5 . eoin mara...eoin moige ná móna ...eoin choilledh, O'Gr. Cat. 487.14 . a p. dossib...inna heónu will hunt the birds LU 129a40 . 63a3 . ina heona TBC-I¹ 708 . gin euna , CCC 4 (Eg.). fostaid ocht n-eono díb, TBC-LL¹ 1335 . fastaid sé eóin déc díb, 1336 (heona St). g p. trírech inna ṅén , Thes. ii 290.8 . foraim én , SCC 5 . irrechtaib én nglégel, FA 33 . iall én , TBC-LL¹ 1952 . ingne éan, TSh. 3466 . d p. d'iasc ┐ di enaib, IT ii 173.8 . dona héanaibh, TD 15.28 . TSh. 3057 .

Special uses: a éan coluim ar cheannsa O dove for gentleness Dán Dé i 19 . gan uiread eoin chirce da mhaoin féin so much as a chick (? cf. under eréne, éirín(e), above, and Cog. 48.19 ) Keat. iii 2756 .

Fig., etc. nipu ēn comadus ina n-ēill not a suitable bird for their flock (of an uncomely fellow seeking to join a party of poets) Corm. Bodl. p. 180 . an t-ēn oirdnidi (of St. Gregory) YBL 164a47 = ZCP xii 368.3 . e.¤ baile bird of ecstasy (fig. for dream of love (?), the kisses of Mac ind Óc): eoin bale batar oc athigid Chairpri L. do Ráith Chairpri...cetheora póca in Meic Ooc ros delb i rricht cethri n-én co mbetís ic togairad cǽm nHerend, LL 166a22 . Dinds. 117 . Cf. Metr. Dinds. iv 212 . A Luim Laine nacham luaid | ...manibetis leca Luigdech lis | eoin bic baile rot betis were it not for the `leca L. l.' the birds of ecstasy (?) would be with thee LL 145b14 (cf. ZCP viii 107.6 and n 0 . MS. Mat. 478 . iii lecca lis Luighdech .i. gress ┐ ruicci ┐ mebul , RC xxiii 324 x ). é.¤ crosse: co hén crossi .i. saland `the bird of a cross—salt' MacCongl. 101.1 = co hen croithe (= croiche ?) 127.16 . eóin erchoille (v.l. earcaille), name given to a class of mercenaries , Triads 230 . é.¤ finn: éun fionn `ossifrage or white Eagle' Kirk = Eg. Gl. 289 ( ACL iii 155 ). é.¤ catha a bird-standard, an ensign: ra tócbait a signi sitharda ┐ a n-eóin chatha, LL 239b38 = TTr. 1702 . é.¤ gaile bird of valour, a phenomenon supposed to accompany the martial fury of heroes (cf. O. Ir. lúan láith): atrácht a én gaile ós a anáil, LL 225a47 (= TTr. 600 ). ra eirgetar a n-eoin gaile ós a n-analaib, 239b41 (= TTr. 1706 ). Fianaig. 94. 13 . adraig a en gaile co mbai for luamain uasa cind, Aen. 2567 . Cog. 188 . FDG 237 = MR 32.9 . én gualann pet bird: én gualann Dé (ep. of Colum Cille) ZCP x 340.9 .

COMPDS.: ¤abdul of big birds (?): conid fordub cu aér n-enadbul uas a cennaib as far as the sky where the great birds soar (?) LL 265a7 = MU 20.28 .

¤amar bird-song (?): tiaguit inn eoin remib...ba haluinn in t-enlorg ┐ in t-enamar cachnaitir for a lluamuin CCC 2 Eg. = ba cáin in t-énlorg ┐ t-énamar bói leu LU. e.¤fhlaith bird reign, bird kingdom BDD 16.171 and p. 121 .

¤lorg a flight of birds (?): see under ¤amar, above, and: suairc in t-énlorg én álainn | ní scélborb amar scáilim SG 347.18 .

¤ogam bird-ogam , a cipher in which the letters are denoted by names of birds, as `e' by `ela' and so on, Auraic. 5692 .

With pref. sen-én ancient bird i.e. a hawk, crow: sen-ēn .i. prechan no seabac ut est smacht peta seneoin ┐ sinnaig, O'Dav. 1414 = peata seneóin (.i. sebaicc), Laws iv 114.11 ( 16 ). i ndelbaib sen-én, LL 246 b6 (= IT iii 244.35 ). in da ṡin-én hí sin, 246b20 = IT iii 244.45 . siabra ┐ seneoin (hovering over a battlefield), Cog. 174.10 .

ind Note: in this diphthong the long quantity in most cases belonged in early Ir. to the e, but in the later language it became transferred to the -o, -u. Here eó ( eú ) is generally used in headings.

n k, m. ( Thurn. Hdb. 196 ; RC xv 99 ; cf. 4 é) a salmon: n s. eo .i. bratan, TBC-I¹ 1045 ( éu LU). O'Cl. `eo' éigne, LL 395a8 = Metr. Gl., Ff. § 5 . eó Banna the salmon from the Bann TD 17.35 = O'Gr. Cat. 429.10 . iasc ... .i. leth-eo cednama [cf. Anecd. i 1.13 cited below at gp.] no eo colgnama (the complement of fish for an allowance of twenty cakes), Laws v 40.23 . g s. (a) focress i mmuir ...co frith i mmedon ïach, Hy v 72 (with gl.: .i. bratan, Thes. ii 345.14 ). focheird cor n-iach n-erred de, FB 87 . LU 19b12 = MU 48.27 (see below at as.). bás iach, Triads 92 . (b) i rricht iaich , LU 40a16 . i rricht iaich abae, Imr. Brain ii 292.14 = LU 16b39 . cnaim inn iaich snamha RC xviii 382.20 ( = bratain, l. 17 . Keat. ii 5404 ). (c) eite eó , Gleanings from Irish manuscripts 17 § 20 . a s. fochiur an ich issan saile, Anecd. i 73.6 ( = bratan, 73.3 ). dobert iach (perp.) 73.7 . Esp. in phr. (foceird) ích n-erred makes a hero's salmon-leap (?) FB 24.51 . IT i 310 y . RC xi 452.138 ; 448.77 . cen ich n-errad, Ériu i 116.26 . itir ubull-chleas...┐ ith n-errath, TBC-I¹ 1502 (ích n-erred LU). Cf. dober for a rinn eeich brecai a Bōinn, ZCP viii 120.20 , where the adj. is apparently pl. but see ZCP xxix 313 n. 54 . Later form: as tú an beó... | do-ní idir eó ┐ énlaith, IGT, Decl. ex. 651 . d s. tri saegail an eoinsin ... | don eo baill-bric, don bradan, B. Fermoy 156b8 . n p. no lingtis suas frisind eassam...iaich thruim tolgaidh, Snedg. u. Mac R § 11 = YBL 12a23 (eas-sain ?). iaich breca bedcaca ZCP xiii 278.5 . iaich Berba bruinne, LL 297a34 . lingit ich bricc, Imr. Brain 38 . g p. oc teluch na n-iach cet[s]nama [cf. cit. fr. Laws v 40 above ], Anecd. i 1.13 . aclaid iach ZCP xiii 278.3 . Cf. trenasc iach treiach eo, BB 14a14 = ZCP v 184 (where eo = ibar, cf. Lism. L. xli 14 ).

Special use: eó fis salmon of knowledge (an item of Irish mythology, see Dinds. 59 , and cf. secht mbliadhna do F. for Bóin oc urnaige iach Linne Feic, air dobuí a tairrngire do eo Féic do tomailt, ocus cen ní 'na ainfis itir iarum. frith in mbradan, etc. Oss. iv 300 x = RC v 201.20 ). ni thig dīnd āiream a sciath... | muna ethaind in t-eō fis | ni ḟētfaind beath ris..., ZCP viii 227 § 11 . As epithet: eó fis forlámaighthe gacha feasa,...eadhon Fionntán fáthach... ML 96.7 .

pn Freq. as complimentary epithet of hero or leader: a éo óir, a Ḟir diad, TBC-LL¹ 4066 . in t-éo óir, Find mac Cumaill, Acall. 2531 . an t-eó a fionnchaladh Fréamhann (of Conn O'Donnell) TD 1.52 . leis an eo ó easaibh Leamhna, Ó Bruad. iii.48.3 . In religious contexts this epithet may have a mystical significance: in t-éo flaithemhnais... .i. Pátraic, Acall. 64 . in t-eō sēnta cas corcra (of Christ), ACL iii 245.8 . eo na dtrí dtobar (of same), Dán Dé xii 4 .

n m. a point, sharp end; hence skewer, pin, brooch (cf. delg): eo [.i.] rind, Corm. Y 502 (cf. Eómain: deólaid, Metr. Dinds. iv 124.16 . Eómna = Emna, LU 122b35 ). eo .i. rinn, ut est cia aithem éo .i. cia is géri ina rind ? O'Dav. 770 . eo .i. rinn. eo a shleighe .i. rinn a sleighe, O'Cl. da craisech...co rrinnaithi eoa fora n-innaibh with keenness of blades (?) CCath. 5303 . claideb amra, orduirnn a elta, airgidi a fulang, torordha a comet, breachtfaebrach a éo, IT iii 199.23 . Cf. claidem...cona eltaib snaidtib... cona mindruimnib...cona inntech do cnaimh elifinte, cona dib caelspeltib...ettarra-sein ┐ a eó, CCath. 4692 . ( eo do chochuill, Ériu v 120.15 = ói, 120.17 , and cetre heo corccra for gach brut, IT iii 238.99 probably belong to au (ó) ear, q.v. Cf. ó-chain, v.l. eo-chain, epithet of a shield, TBC-LL¹ 5982 , etc.). ba finda eoderga, BCC 78.33 .

Of a brooch: eo .i. dealg, O'Cl. LL 395a8 . Keat. ii 2416 . coro thóraindsi dóib in dún cona heo (.i. delg) óir imma muin, LL 20b49 (cf. Corm. Y 502 ). brat corcra imbi, eú óir and, LU 68b8 = TBC-I¹ 1157 . eo óir ina brut rosaiged a gualaind for cach leth, IT i 131.17 . fuán...imbi. heó óir intlaide uassa bán bruinnechur ina háthaurslocud, FB 51 . IT i 310.32 . eo áirgit ina brot, BDD 114 . eó óir isin brutt osa bruinne, TBC-LL¹ 5176 (= bretnais, TBC-I¹ 3147 ). 4316 . 5310 . 5567 . eó uma, 5286 . bratt...cona eo orchumhdaigh, ZCP xiii 170.33 . eo croind coimheccair [sic leg.] co ngem do licc logmar iga foriadadh ina brut osa desrigh TBC-LL¹ 5552 (St). brat...imbi hi forcibul; eo oir uasa doit TBC-I¹ 3159.3189 (fora doit; cf. under delg). Cpd. ? a ben co n-aillsin duib eógainn, EIS 154.54 .

n o (cf. g p. in n.l. Mag Eó and the compd. stem in n.l. Eó-chaill; g s. iuech: scïach, K. and H. seems due to the analogy of 1 eó), m. The meaning in the glosses apparently was stem, shaft, but in Mid. Ir. usually a tree: in eo na cros `in the stem of the crosses' Thes. ii 255.3 . a mbís hoṡen suas dind eo `what is from that upwards of the shaft' 255.7 . éo ainglech | crann croiche in Choimded, Fél. Mar. 10 (with gl.: eo .i. lignum .i. crand LB. O'Dav. 779 ). `eo' crand, Corm. Y 1272 . O'Cl. O'Mulc. 480 . Esp. a yew: eo (.i. ibur), RC xiii 222.28 . LL 395a8 . O'Cl. mairg do Chliu | dia fríth Fer fíth inna eu , RC xiii 460.22 (corresp. to: dus ibair, 436.21 ) = Fianaig. 32.20 . dercu iuech `berries of the yew' K. and H. 21 . Cf. edad .i. eu , Auraic. 5522 (edad `aspen' 1195 ). Of any tree remarkable for size or age: Éo Rosa, ibar é...dair dano eo Mugna, Dinds. 160 . Fig. of a champion, a leader: ba héo duairc dermór (of Goliath) SR 5752 . rop éo uas ind fhid, ropo rígda ind rail, LL 147a32 = PRIA iii 550 § 27 . o ro tencsat Cesair in[a] éo ard áighthidi i medhón in tslóigh, CCath. 498 . Murchad mac Briain, Eo Rossa rigdraidi Erend M. the yew of Ross of Ireland's princes (i.e. the most surpassing) Cog. 166.7 . COMPDS.: éo-chaill yew-forest: fig., of a band of warriors: dirsan dond eochaill amra, Fianaig. 10 § 8 . Cf. the n.l. Eóchaill. ¤chrann a huge or ancient tree, a yew-tree: eocrand...duillech dossfota, IT iii 42 § 48 = 13 § 23 . eóchrann darach dermhaire, CCath. 336 . eochrainn dermára, 1812 . 1389 . 1761 . ¤glas green-trunked (?): mong...iubair eou-glais, K. and H. 13 .

adj straight: only in etymological glosses: emuin .i. eo-muin, eo rectum vel bonum , O'Mulc. 388 . eochur .i. eo ni is direch, cor a curvo , 369 = eochuir, eo .i. rectum , etc., Corm. Y 546 . Possibly Gk. εὖ, as ed. of Corm. Y suggests. Cf. eo' ainm do gach maith moltar, Metr. Gl., D 56 (cf. graece eu .i. bonum , O'Mulc. 361 ).

n o, m. n s. ǽt, Wb. 5b20 . Ml. 56b33 . ǽtt, 56b34 . ǽet, Wb. 23b18 . æit, 23b13 . ét, 17b26 . TBC-LL¹ 2749 . étt, PH 7279 . héet, Wb. 5a13 . het, 17b25 . in t-eit , Laws iii 292.3 Comm. éd, ZCP viii 108 z . é, Psalms lxix 9 . a s. hétt, Wb. 5a13 . ét, Ml. 36d24 . TBC-LL¹ 31 . d s. éutt, Wb. 6b2 . éut, Ml. 56b33 . eut, PH 3841 . éot, ACC 105 . ét, LL 11b5 . Acall. 5425 . éu , Ezekiel v 13 . g s. (a) ind eoit , Ml. 32d9 . eóit, IT i 122.8 , 25 . Triads 154 . euit, Ml. 32d10 . (b) éta IT i 226.30 . ZCP vi 270 § 10 . etai, PH 840 . eda, ZCP vi 54.9 . éad, Numbers v 14 . éuda, Ezekiel viii 3 .

Emulation, jealousy (in good as well as bad sense): gl. æmulatio: Wb. 17b26 . 5a13 . 6b2 . 16b4 . in tan as nd'éut téit a n-emulari, ǽt són im ní nad techtai féin ┐ bís la nnach n-aile, a zelaveris immurgu, ǽt són im ní notechtai fein arnachróthechta nach aile hi cuturummus frit, Ml. 56b33 , Études Celt. xl 68 . ǽtt (gl. zelotypia) 56b34 . ar ét im chrabud (gl. pro zelo religionis) 36d24 . fer cen neóit cen ét cen omon, TBC-LL¹ 31 . ragab ét ┐ elcmaire ┐ immḟarmat Dubthach imma mnái TBC-LL¹ 2749 . idu eóit pang of jealousy IT i 122.25 . ida eda, ZCP vi 54.9 . gapuis ben oile doigh etta, imthnuith ┐ acaissi di imon fferscal, Fl. Earls 132.25 . slan don mnai in t-eit doni acht...corab et dligtech, et firi (on a woman's responsibility for acts committed through jealousy), Laws iii 292.3 Comm. in fuil ferus in cetmuindtir ac in et dligthech `in lawful jealousy' v 144.5 Comm. (cf. Triads 154 ). ic ét ma mnaí... | dia rosbréc in drui dósom LL 11b5 . Metr. Dinds. iv 278.13 . truagh mh'éad re hoidhidh an ḟir that I should envy (him) his death GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 624 . et um an eclais `zeal on behalf of the church' Laws v 128.8 Comm. otconnaircc Isu cennaigecht...do denum...i tempul Dé, rogab ferg ┐ ét spiritalla PH 4524 . rom gab ét im do tegdais, a Dé, 4525 . gebid étt mor iat, coticfat do chath fri Ancrist, 7279 . aduáigh éd do thighe-si súas mé, Psalms lxix 9 . in cloch-so... | sochaide bias uimpi ic ét striving Acall. 5425 . is ét limm I am jealous (of): amal bid ǽet limsa mo ort do gabá[i]l darm' chenn, Wb. 23b18 . bid héet libsi geinti do bith inhiris ye will be jealous that the Gentiles are in the faith 5a13 . combad ǽt leu buid domsa in-iriss that they may have emulation of my being in the faith 5b20 . æit leu precept domsa seccu they are jealous that I preach rather than they 23b13 . do comraiced-som fria mnaib aili ┐ ba hét le-sium [sic] anní sin she was jealous on that score ZCP i 104.10 . COMPD.: éad-nuachar `long-desired spouse' Ir. Monthly 1921, 329 .

x see eó.

eighth letter of the Irish alphabet, stood fifth in the vowel-group of the Ogham alphabet and was known by the name idad ` yew ,' Auraic. 5593. ida, 5523 . is o idhedh doinsgain ip[h]in, 4864 . fer didiu ... idad inna selbad ┐ ina thoghairm, 1676 . ioghadh, IGT Introd. § 9 , where it and u are described as impure vowels `ar son go ttiaguid a mbrígh chonnsuineadh'. The writer of the tracts is thinking in terms of the Latin vowels, as he instances uóbís and ihuinnéis (read iuuenis ?, Ed.). There is no evidence of the existence of consonantal i in Old Irish. Any diphthong beginning with i was regarded as a single letter in the Ogham alphabet and was called pin or ifin (iphin), Auraic. 5611 , 5524 - 5 . iphin a fidh ina reimim .i. don fir, 4862 .

The paragraph refs. below are to GOI

O.Ir. ĭ in stressed syllables may represent (a) IE ĭ: fir, GOI (§ 57) ; (b) infected IE e : mil (Gk. μέλι), —biur ( § 75 ). The syllables : ri, li, in, usually represent IE r̥ l̥ n̥: riuth, mlith, bind ( § 214 - §215 ).

O.Ir. ī in stressed syllables may represent (a) IE ī : lí (Lat. līuor), rím (Lat. rītus) ; (b) IE ē : rí (Lat. rēx), lín (Lat. plēnus) ( § 58 ).

In unstressed syllables ĭ is the regular vowel between two palatal consonants belonging to the same syllable : berid, suidigthir, timthirecht ( § 103 ).

ĭ may also occur in a stressed syllable as a glide to denote the palatal quality of a following consonant, especially when the latter ends the word : maith, clainde, guidid, láim; and in Wb. is sometimes written before a non-palatal consonant after a ē which arises out of the compensatory lengthening of e : céitbuid ( § 54 ).

Beside éu , éui (or éoi) of ds. and gs. before l r n, íu and íui sometimes occur : ceníul, ceníuil, éiuin, féiuir ( § 55 ).

The diphthong aí, oí may also be written oe, ae (`almost only when beginning a word in Wb.', Lewis and Ped. § 14 ). For its origin see GOI § 67.

The diphthong ía (to be distinguished from ïa as in grian `sand, gravel') may represent (a) arch. O.Ir. é : -tíagat (cf. -tēgot, Cambr. 38b ), fíada (cf. fēdot (gs.) Cambr. 37c ) ; (b) Lat. ē or oe: fíal `uēlum,' pían `poena' § 53 ).

In Mid. Ir. final unstressed i and e fell together in pronunciation and were often confused in orthography.

To this : i .i. íseal, O'Cl. a urisel .i. intan conosna in son in hi .i. cach baili is i níib is isel .i. a tarmartchenn do techt a ní is airi is urisel when the word ends in i ..., O'Curry 1480 - 1 (< H 3.18, p. 654 ).

n o, m. (? orig. neut.: iasc mbrec, LU 8651 (rhetoric), 8654 ). n s. in t-iasc , Laws v 478.8 Comm. in t-īesc , Corm. Y 736. iasc bailcc, Anecd. i 67 § 145. a s. um iasc , Laws i 2.13 Comm. g s. éisc, Sg. 37b20 . LL 168a6 . d s. do iasc , Laws iv 214.y Comm. d'fiasg , KMMisc. 315.13 . n p.? iasca, LL 12b y. na heiscc , Leb. Gab.(i) 266 n. 9 . g p. na n-iasg , ML² 663. iasgann, Comp. CC 131.21 . d p. iascaib, Lism. L. 3600. íasg, IGT Decl. § 96.12 .

fish (collect.), a fish: gae gona éisc gl. fuscina, Sg. 37b20 . ī.¤ .i. ind-escc .i. uisce ... ceand didiu ┐ clēithe cach mbīd in t-īesc, ar dotomail Īsu é, Corm. Y 736. doreithed doib asan tsruth-sin i.¤ bailcc bedhgach, Anecd. i 67 § 145 (ICM). aire éisc ( O'Dav. 60 , eisci) flatha ... da trian imarcra inn eisc dona chorthaib uadha sís massa i.¤ thic anuas, no dha trian imarcra in eisc do na chorthaib uadha suas masa i.¤ tic anis, O'Curry 1148 (< H 3.18, 457a ). ineich doberar a ind in uisci, for ind in bera, in t-i.¤ , Laws v 478.8 Comm. cora eisc `a fishing weir,' iv 212.23 Comm. nemshomhaoinech .i. um i.¤ ocus um toradh `unproductive of fish and produce,' i 2.13 Comm. día tomna dano i.¤ indbiru rot bia éu .i. bratán co leith arailiu, LU 5527. ní sladar i.¤ mbrec for ganim deirg, 8651 . tóla mur-éisc móir dorala and, LL 168a6 . co ndlegar esg ┐ uigi ┐ feoil do tobairt isna fiabrusaib righni, RC xlix 55.2 . asbert in fili ... dochechnad for a n-usciu connágébtha í.¤ ina n-inberaib, Imr. Brain 46.9 . amal roshasastar na .u. mile dona u. aranaibh ┐ don dhá n-iascaib, Lism. L. 3600. co nar'bo sleimne lam for iascc ... ina for gac[h] mball de, CCath. 2936. tomaidm neisc | iascc fo thuinn, Leb. Gab.(i) 266 § 186. ní ghiallaid na héisg ná na hainmhinnte oile, TSh. 2446. cona c[h]riss do lethar fírésc taris `and his girdle of salmon skin around him,' MacCongl. 89.9 . cora fir-éisc...┐ ba meidightech re colbtaigh bliadhna gach bradan blaith ... `a salmon-weir ,' BCC 386.28 .

Compds. ¤remur : Eass ard-mor iath-glan ... iasc-remur ... Ruaidh `abounding in large fish,' MR 104.13 . ¤thorthach productive of fish: o Bheinn fhéir-mhín fhásaighe iasgthórthaigh Eadair, RC xliii 280.4 .

n the name of the vowel i, the fifth vowel of the ogam alphabet: idho la hailm edho (i.e. i, a and e), O'Curry 370 (< H 3.18, p. 207 ). fer didiu ... io no iphin ina reimim ... is idad inna selbad ┐ ina thoghairm "i' is in its possessive and vocative,' Auraic. 1676. mil immorro ┐ fir ┐ lir is idho is coir intibh, BB 301b17 .

Also the name of some tree, yew tree? (but ibar is placed among the `airigh feada' ( Laws iv 146.21 ) while idadh is merely one of the `athaigh feada' ( ib. 25 )): idedh .i. iobhar, Auraic. 4299. edad .i. eu, ida .i. ibhar, BB 309a46 . tucad uad-side forsin fid ut i n-ogam dianad ainm idad, ar is uad tucad int ainm is idad fair; ar is do ibar is ainm idad, Auraic. 5595. Confused with edad, q.v. e, aerc[n]aid fer nó fid .i. idhadh, Anecd. iii 43.25 . flesc idaith ... ba hūath fri cāch a gabāil inda lāim ... ba die edath nobīth in flesc ... aerchaid fid edath, Corm. Y 606.

u, m. vn. of lethnaigid. Also lethnachad. act of broadening, spreading . With obj. gen.: do l.¤ a foguir `to broaden their sound', Sg. 9a10 . ind eclais iar n-a l.¤ fó chethar aird in domain, PH 5566 . an tuisci . . . ac lethnugadh ┐ ac ramrugadh an radairc ann (of the visual effect of water on a submerged body), Ir. Astr. Tr. 28.5 . ag lethnugad an craidhi co mesurda mar doni an croch 'by dilating the heart moderately, as does saffron', Rosa Angl. 146.8 . an úair leathnuighthe bhur lámha amach, Isaiah i 15 . do leathnughadh saicéduigh . . . faói, lviii 5 . líonfuidh leathnughadh a sciathán amach leithead do dhúithchesi, viii 8 .

Without gen.: ro bói [in loch] ic lethnachud tar in cuicid uile, Acall. 4532 . do-chuala . . . na loiscthi ac l.¤ ┐ ac lérscaíled, Comp. CC 93.15 . a leim luighe ar lethnachadh, Irish Texts ii 100 § 28 . bhías a ainm ag leathnughadh, Psalms lxxii 17.

Of vowels, broadening: leathnughadh .e. shínidh fhada ag dul a n. éu . Leathnughadh .e. shínidh ghirr no mheadhónaigh ag dul a nea , IGT Introd. 6. 32f . gach focal díobh sein ghabhus cáoladh ceirt chuige, as é fein arís as leathnughadh dhó. Dá mbeadh feidhm ar .ae. do leathnughadh as a n.a do rachadh (i.e. `ae' is the `cáoladh' of `a', and `a' i the `leathnughadh' of `ae'), 7.6f.

the twelfth letter of the Irish alphabet, stood second in the vowel-group of the Ogham alphabet and was known by the name onn `furze' (? `ash').

O.Ir. ŏ in accented syllables generally represents Indogerm. o. In declension it freq. interchanges with u according to the nature of the vowel in the syll. originally following: mug, g s. moga; sruth, gs. srotha; cú, gs. con. In Mid.Ir. o often > a: bos(s), bas(s) `hand'; for `your', far; fota `long', mod. fada; goba, gaba `smith' (O.Ir. d s. gobaind); ocus `and', acus, mod. agus. In bardic poetry o and a are freq. interchanged to secure rhyme; fola `grudge' beside fala; rogu `choice' beside rag(h)a.

O.Ir. ō generally results from the contraction of an orig. diphth. au, eu , or ou. Later it freq. gives way to the diphth. ua: ó, úa `grandson'; lóg, lúach `price'; slóg, slúag `host'; tróg, Mid.Ir. trúag `wretched'.

In Latin loan-words o generally remains (corn, corp < Lat. cornu, corpus); ō becomes ó, later ua (hóre, (h)úare, úaire < Lat. hōra); au also gives ó (ór, Pól < Lat. aurum, Paulus).

In Irish notation o also appears in combination with a follg. vowel: (a) oi (palatal o), denoted in the Ogham alphabet by a single character called oir `spindle-tree'. In Mid.Ir. oi is freq. replaced by ai (esp. after f, see Thurn. Hdb. 77 ): foil `pigsty', later fail; fairend, foirenn `company', O.Ir. foirinn, Ml. 33a8 ; foil(l)sigid `makes manifest', failsigid; O.Ir. clainde gs. of cland `children', Mid.Ir. clainne, cloinne; glaine `purity', gloine ( Corm. 900 ). Conversely orig. ai is somet. replaced by oi; Mid. oile `other' beside aile; ail `blame', later oil; oire `burden' beside aire. Such changes are freq. in bardic poetry. (b) ói = palatal ō. (c) oí (diphth.) in Mid.Ir. generally oe, ae, mod. ao, aoi (a single vowel-sound); O.Ir. noíb, Mid.Ir. noeb (noem), naeb (naem), mod. naomh. The diphths. oí and aí freq. fall together: áis `people', Ml. 94b18 , 19 , Wb. 21b12 , beside oís, Wb. 21c4 , óis, 28d30 ; táis `dough', Ml. 140b4 (mod. taos), beside tóis-renn, Wb. 9b11 ; see also oí `sheep', oíbell, oíbind, oígi.

v (*to-mon-, cf. 2 muinithir) reaches (?): subj. pres. 3 s. día tomna (.i. día tí) dano iasc indbiru rot bia éu , LU 5527 (TBC) = tonda, TBC-I¹ 1044 .

the third vowel of the Irish alphabet, in Irish called úr, Auraic. 1194 , 4297 , 5587 . IGT, Introd. § 4 . Before a slender consonant usually ui, called uilleann, IGT, l.c. In IGT, Introd. § 9 , u is described as an impure vowel, as it may have the force of a consonant, e.g. in Lat. vobis. In some MSS. of the Mid. and Early Mod. Ir. period the same letter occasionally takes the place of lenited b, e.g. vreiniv = bhreiniu, Aisl. Tond. 97.1 . a urathar= a bhráthar, AB 1233 ( RC xlii 299 ). fouithin= fobhithin, Anecd. ii 54.6 . doiu= doibh, 56.15 . Dallueimnech= -bheimnech, 54y . cuvur= cubhur, CCath. 4141 . u in stressed syllable may represent (1) an original u, e.g. dub, sruth; rún, múr; an infected -a- or -o-, e.g. sun, d s. of son ` sound '; bull (also baull), d s. of ball ` limb '; bullu (also baullu), a p. of ball. (2) Lat. u in borrowed words, e.g. cruchae g s. of croch (cf. Lat. crucis). (3) after initial f- freq. represents -o-, e.g. fulang, vn. of fo-loing. Cf. du, ru, beside do, ro. (4) a glide, written after -e- or -i- to denote the `u-quality' of the following consonant, e.g. deug ` drink '; fiur, ciunn, d s. of fer, cenn (Early Mod. fior, cionn).

In unstressed syll. may represent (1) primitive -ōs, e.g. firu, maccu a p. of fer, macc; (2) infected -e-, -o-, -a-, e.g. díthrub, dligud, tomus, lebur.

In late MSS. may be written for unstressed o or a; e.g. clochu (clocha), fedhbhu, adberur (O. Ir. asberar), fuarutar (fuaratar), Lism. L. p. xlv . Cf. also um, prep., (< O. Ir. imm, imb), etc.

In diphthongs: úa (<ō, Gall. eu, ou) corresp. to W. u, e.g. sluagh (W. llu), túath (W. tud). For éu , íu, etc., and ú < uu, see Thurn. Hdb., § 61 , § 66 , 67 .

uí may be written for oí (oe, ai), e.g. suir, Wb. 4a10 (=soír, see Ériu v 112 ). In Mid. Ir. uí (ui) may also represent a diphthg. arising from contraction, e.g. fuísitiu, PH 6444 .