n f. In O.Ir. glosses accuis (Lat. occasio, see GOI § 302 ). Pedersen Vgl. Gr. (i 476) distinguishes a word accais < *adcais (We. achas), but the various meanings can be explained as easily from a single form accais < Lat. occasio. g s. accuis, Alex. 297 . accais, O'Dav. 399 . acaissi, Fl. Earls 132.25 . n p. acsi, Corm. Y 1082 v.l. (achuis, text, Anecd. iv 96.23 ). Also as n-stem a s. aicsin, Ml. 38c4 . n p. inna aicsin , 51d15 . d p. dinaib aicsenaib , 62a22 . See aicsenach.

(a) cause, reason: acuis .i. a causa , Corm. Y 10 (cf. O'Mulc. 11 ). ? bri gach ṅ-a.¤ , Corm. 8 = cach n-ogus, Corm. Y 149 . issí ade accuis `this is the cause', Ml. 104c1 . ní si accuis insin arinrogab Duaid `that is not the reason for which David sang it', 35a8 . nach accuis trissanétatsat som inna anu hisin, 57a3 . sainaccuis do Duaid sech cách, 36c11 . cen fochunn ┐ cen accuis, 46b14 , 126d17 . ar main bed accuiss na precepte sin `for if it were not because of that teaching', Wb. 9b19 . in di accuis, Sg. 200a13 . it hē achuis (acsi, v.l.) ar a nglanaiter, Corm. Y 1082 = aicsin, Corm. Bodl. 38 . sain didiu accuis as rohainmniged cach āe, Corm. Y 1079 . nisber nach a.¤ aile acht dul tar bur cenn-si there is no other reason for it(?), Anecd. i. 43.18 . acais toirge na nDéise, Ériu iii 135.2 .

In prep. phrases: ar accuis pectho `because of sin', Ml. 60b19 . ar accuis tesairgne do mnai ríg Érend, LU 10770 = ar cuis, Ériu xii 170.5 (TE). ?fu acis gl. sub obtentu, Thes. i 498.29 . hua accuiss sulbairichthe `because of politeness', Sg. 45b3 . trena a.¤ (i.e. because of Findabair), LL 11323 (TBC).

In Laws cause, occasion of injury to others, hence offence, crime(?). Cf. it he ceithri anmand cinath conlat ar diuit: tucait, ag, acais, etgid, O'Mulc. 456 . dilis do ceilib . . . seoit . . . acht fris-rognat a flaithe . . . na dernat acais a mbais `wenn sie . . . ihren Tod nicht verursacht haben' (i.e. have committed no crime leading to their lord's death), ZCP xiv 362 § 22 , see p. 363 . caide fochonn, caide agh, caide acais . . . acúis don gnímh son do gní nech for torbha do budein ┐ imaric aimles nach aile de cin elguin ┐ ní duine féin is fer láimhe di `acuis' is that deed which one does for one's own advantage and from which disadvantage ensues to another person though he has committed no crime and is not the perpetrator thereof(?), O'D. 577 (H.3. 17, 444). See 3 ág. gan ágh, gan a.¤, gan urcoid . . . a n-adrad h'arm, MR 294.15 .

(b) hatred, enmity, rancour etc.: acais dhlighidh, Ériu xiii 25.6 glossed .i. aor no mallacht . . . no a.¤ .i. immidh, O'Dav. 40, 399 (cf. ZCP xiv 7 ). aincis (acais, v.l.) is miscaith namá / dhá ṡenainm na mallachta, Metr. Gl. 14 § 29 . fí fo builc .i. a.¤ fo thuind, RC xx 252.1 (ACC). ferb .i. bolg .i. acuis fo tuinn, O'D. 27 (H 3.17, col. 25). na bi ar acais na miscais do gní acht do rellad na firinne, O'Curry 2599 ( Eg. 88 fo. 51 (52)a ). is tromsceo a.¤ ┐ duabais ┐ neime for cech n-aen, Alex. 297 . ro aorfadaois o acois ┐ o breachtradh an dána virulence(?), ZCP x 278.3 . doní geōin ┐ acu[i]s ┐ díghbhāil, Feis Tighe Chonáin 464 . narbham uan go n-acais fhaoil (i.e. a wolf in sheep's clothing), Aithd. D. 73.16 . lomnán d'imneadh is d'achais (sic), O'Hara 3262 . gapuis . . . ben oile . . . doigh ētta, imthnūith ┐ acaissi di, Fl. Earls 132.25 .

Of disease, illness (cf. is aon n-aicsina fo dera gallra ┐ aincesa, Laws v 352.19 ): rom-soerae, á Ísu / ar a.¤ cech thedmae from every disease, Fél. Ep. 518 . rot gob acais .i. mor galara, YBL 137a17 . indtan rob āiniom ndō, rotgab acais mōr (of disease of Emperor Constantine), ZCP iii 227.2 . galar gan a.¤ gan anbḟorlann, ALC ii 400.15 .

In concrete sense poison, venom: delg co n-acais ina chois co nderna tart ar feith inti `festering', BColm. 42.18 .

n [n.?] mo da n(h)ed, ZCP iii 224 § 10 (Amra Senáin). a s. aed, LU 8895 ( FB § 68 ). g s. áeda, Fianaig. 4.6 . Note d s. Áid, Thes. ii 242.18 (Ardm.) See Vendr. Lex.

Fire: aod .i. tene is imaircide sōn cid tria delidin an anma as aod .i. dea .i. bandéa, ipsa est Uesta .i. bandea tened, Corm. Y 33 (on the connection of aed with a god of fire, see Duan. F. iii p. lxviii ). dir aod īside .i. a losgad bad dir quia fit aodh .i. tine, 473 . fí áeda .i. olc teine .i. teine neimnech, Fianaig. 4.6 . amal aed (.i. tenid [H]) tria fithicén, LU 8895 ( FB 68 ). `aedh' ┐ `tnu' teine tra, Metr. Gl. 9 § 5 . Dealbaed .i. delb aeda .i. tened no dolb aedh .i. teni doilbthi doroine, BB 251b15 . rongeilt in gāeth feib geiles / nemāed forderg fidnaige as the red fire of heaven consumes twigs, Bruchst. i 67 § 155 . cetho aodho ona mbelaib, Aisl. Tond. 100.7 = cetha tinedh, 126 § 1. ēta duit ced mogad ndaor / re dēnam aodh co nirt c[h]ruaidh. ML² 2006 . curt[h]ir ar aed īarnlestar, Ériu vii 4.4 . fér forglass for laich lilestai áed ág asa mag, LU 5326 (TBC) (rhet.) Fig. aodh go ffeile (of S. Maedóc, in a poem), BNnÉ 240 § 172 . Also expld. as eye , the pupil being regarded as the fire of the eye: aedh .i. súil, O'Cl. aodh ┐ derc ┐ cais / tri hanmann in ruisg rionnghlais, Metr. Gl. 16 § 39 . ingen Áeda Abrat .i. áed tene is hé tene na súla in mac imlesen, LU 3375 ( SCC 17 ). mo da nhed .i. mo da suil, ZCP iii 224 § 10 . adám aed .i. adám ṡúil, Ériu i 72.17 . Frequ. as n.pr.

v (áer): ce nonmolid ce nonairid `whether ye blame us' (gl. per gloriam et ignobilitatem), Wb. 16a1 . satirizes, lampoons: nir' áerad lia muintir / Cenn-faelad abb Bennchuir, Fél. Apr. 8 . cein mair molthiar . mairg áerthiar Áed, LU 355 (ACC). mairg in íath ecnairc airthíar, 357 . ni romaerad-sa . . . riam i cinaid mo drochthidnacuil, RC iii 178.8 . asbert in fili nod naírfed dia áithgiud ┐ no áerfad a athair. . ., LU 10947 . ba dībech in rī frisna filedu: ranaersat co tarla teora bolga corcra for a grūaid, ZCP vii 300.17 . ( Ériu xiii 46 ). diabul n-eirce feib aighthe aertar, Laws v 228 x . ni aora, ní áorthar munab tar toirgsin ngill día ghruaidhe gris, Ériu xiii 17.18 . fili .i. fī a n-aoras ┐ lī a mmolas . . ., Corm. Y 600 = filidh .i. ani ærais, Auraic. 669 ; ani aorus, 3308 . nus-oerub ┐ nus-anfialub, RC xii 90 § 115 . no āerad ┐ no molad cach, MacCongl. 9.3 . ro aorsat iaramh muintir Uiginn, AFM iv 818.6 .

Vn. áerad. Part. áertha, Tec. Corm. § 7.16 . IGT Verbs § 80 .

n Also aice. iā f. oigi, oigdhe (if same word) f., IGT Decl. § 3 . Prob. same word as 1 aicde.

(a) material, substance: sruithium a.¤ .i. feirius, Anecd. iii 44.3 . sruithem aicdi .i. o[i]r, Auraic. 5602 . ferr uma cech aicdi aird, Ériu ix 48 § 26 . ad-mestar humae asa daingnib denib dlūthaib dlūmaicdib, ZCP xi 94 § 40 . sug na srona robo i aicdhe ina tinne oir `the mucus which had become the material of the golden chain', RC xii 344 § 38 . suifid a.¤ i n-órdathu, xxvi 48 § 257 . tre-fot .i. tri foide meini (menn, MS.) dibertae as cach tir dib co ndenta oena.¤ dib tre druidecht, Corm. Y 1265 . da aic[dhi]i sechtmogat eter ael ┐ bitumain, etc. `building materials', Auraic. 266 . aigdi, 2580 . ni frith . . . oenchrand . . . na hoicdhe bud chúibde do chumm in tempuil, LB 222a19 . cia du tarclamtais a trelmu ┐ a naicdida tools and materials, ZCP iii 7.13 . aicdi in duine ac[a] denum (of the foetus forming in the womb), O'Curry 557 (H. 3.18 p. 275a).

(b) structure, building, manufactured article: a.¤ .i. ecdoe graece, aedificium latine, .i. cumtach, Corm. Y 84 . aicdhe .i. cumhdach, O'Cl. isochma do Día coro cumtaige cen adbar . . . cech n-admat no cech n-a.¤ bes áil dó, LU 2602 . nách n-a.¤ do dénam . . . do adbar, 2728 . adram in coimdid / cusnab aicdib amraib, IT iii 43 § 54 . cluined mo glanitgi / coimde na ndron a.¤ (aigde MS.), ACL iii 220 § 6 . ro rádi P. nád mbíad a.¤ dognethi di fiuth na cailli sin that nothing could be made from, Trip.² 2283 . amal ní confil ní arachoat a nargat nglan acht á techt in aicdi, Ml. 31d10 . cach dán dogní aicdi flatha nó ecalsa, folongar lethḟolug a míad cháich asa a.¤ dogní, Críth G. 486 . batar gobaind Chonchobar oc denam aiccde don rig, IT ii1 178.122 . teora primaig[d]i Erenn . . . barr Breoin . . . fi[d]chell Crimt[h]ain . . . ┐ mind Laegaire, Anecd. ii 3 § 5 . techta fuillema gill a.¤ airgit, Laws v 396.8 . in tuma ina cloithib ar cuicthi na tanalaig ar treisi na aicdib urluma ar aine finished products, i 188.36 Comm. cid ina tanailgib, cid na aic[d]e urrlaim, iii 204.1 Comm. aisic in ethair co na ramadaib ┐ cona aicdib urrlama fittings, 212.9 Comm. in goba acht mo (= má) do rigni in oigdi do gach coimaitech, v 14.y Comm. in soer . . . do rinne in aice . . . dfiur na hoige, ii 36.5 Comm. in bendachadh na haicdi, i 132.26 Comm. a tri ranntar an aice .i. trian d'adhbar ┐ trian do biúdh ┐ frichnam in fir lais i ndentar the cost of an a. is made up of three things, a third for materials, a third for sustenance and a third for the work of the man by whom it is made, O'Curry 2083 (H. 4.22, 70a). na uli aicdi ica recar a les fiallach borbfrithgnama, O'D. 937 ( H 3.17, c. 658 d). ro-fitir intí ro rec in n-aicdi ┐ ni fitir intī ros-cennaig, ZCP xv 307 § 2 . trí ná dlegat turbaidi: athchor maic, aicdi cherdai, gíallaigecht, Triads 156 . mac cerdai no fir fo gní nach aicdi éicin di ór, MR 78.19 . Various applications: bid hé corp ar n-a.¤ / admat na ba tíamdae, Fél. Prol. 293 (of the structure of the Martyrology). radharc ar aicce an fheallsaimh (ar aittibh feallsamh MS.) / fhuair an t-am fa céidleanbhsain the work of the philosopher, L. Cl. A. B. 176 § 113 . ba coemi esium a oenur inat doine in t-shaegail . . . cid oen a.¤ amra dognithea dib (of Christ), LB 148b32 . Coiri da Ruad in roglas / a.¤ sruthaidi senbras (of a whirlpool), Anecd. i 12.y .

(c) literary composition, poem (see also oige): feirrde an aigdhe (oige v.l.) a cur i ndlús, Content. v 48 . n-a oigdhe d'uaim, DDána 38.13 . a fighe d'oige iomshláin (of a `marbhna'), 118.17 . gach oige dar innigh mé, Content. ii 212 n.4 . oige dána ib. snáith th'oige, ib. do bhí . . . / . . . / geall gach oide 'gá ucht ṡlim / a hucht a oige n-inghill, DDána 73.33 .

Compd.: ar gcall a n-oigeaghaoil / gan rann dá oigealaoidh `after losing their poetic lover . . . they got no stanza of his artistic work', Aithd. D. 19.8 .

Note also a.¤ menman .i. doréir menman cáich nom molaim, RC xxvi 24 § 82 . O'Cl. Cf. aiced.

n (1 ríar). Also ainríar. disobedience, unsubmissiveness: aimhriar níor ghabhais mud ghoin / do shanais Ghaibhrial, Dán Dé xxix 11 . do agair a fhíoch ┐ a aimhréir . . . ar Ulltaib unsubmissiveness , ML 86.10 . ropad lor doib Congal ciar / ar ulc ┐ ar anriar, MR 128.14 . do gach olc, da gach anríar, ZCP x 32.18 . `fí' ainm d'ulc ┐ d'aimhríar, Metr. Gl. 9 § 4 . In phrase do-gní a.¤ x disobeys x: mairg . . . doghenat aimhreir in meic-sin, Lism. L. 1859 . dáig noco dingnea m'amréir since he will not oppose me, LU 4008 ( SCC 45 ). olc dorighne aimhréir a athar do dheunamh, Eochairsg. 82.26 . d'eagla aimhréire na n-uachtarán saoghalta do dhéanamh, TSh. 3548 . As quasi-vn.: ata mo chorp dom aimréir my body is disobeying me, IT i 123.26 . do dlistea, a Ioraird, th'aimhréir, ZCP viii 220.32 . mairg nach imgaib a n-aimréir, MR 162.27 . amail rosluicc talam Laegaire ar amré[i]r Páttraicc for being disobedient to Patrick, BColm. 58.16 . tria aimreir in choimded, LB 131b37 . 132a3 . córaide an cholann d'aimhréir, DDána 53.16 .

n (1 ríad) evil course, bad conduct: ruibni riastrai fri anriad, SR 877 . tria diumus is tri anriad, 4462 . dia tormailt in fáith in ṁbíad / dar timna ṅDé, ba anríad, 7070 . mór do ulc, do anríad, 7082 . fí ainm d'ulc ┐ d'anríad (no ┐ d'etriad, gloss), LU 527 . écnach, écraite, anríad, Metr. Dinds. iii 18.222 . ra tinóil Medb aníar / ingen Echdach ciarb anríad, CRR § 4 . ar anord ara n-anrīad `in their wild career' (of horses), BColm. 90.4 .

v (*ar-fen-) erects a fence before: arros-fí de chrí `he had fenced them in with clay', Ériu xviii 10 § 1 . ? daer cach dichell ar-fenar innd chun dithma (sic leg.?), Laws ii 124.1 (cf. arfeadhur in dicinn dithma, 16.20 , 18.1 ). Fig. excludes, debars: ar-fenat anfolaid flatha fuillima the disqualifications of the chief exclude (the payment of) interest, ZCP xiv 387 § 52 ( Laws ii 322 ) = arfenat anfolta flatha fuillemh .i. iterdibat a drochfolta imon flaith, O'Dav. 952 . arfen fiadhna co foltaib, 943 . arafenar .i. o cinntear no urfaemar, ut est arfen dire necalsa, O'Curry 1383 (H 3.18, 629a). ? mad deistinaib athar aon dan ara fen fergnima .i. mad ed do claind nama doruaraid ann ingen aurfaomaidsi gnīma a fir, O'Mulc. 327 , see Ériu xii 217 .

Vn. of 1 airbe.

v (* ess-ber-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 466 ). IGT Verbs § 6 . In the prot. -epir there is some fluctuation between e- and a-, see GOI p. 54 , 508 and forms infra.

In Mid. Ir. a form atbeir (prot. -epir, -ap(a)ir) replaces as-beir, see GOI p. 268 . Later this becomes a(t)deir (prot. -apair) and is the usual form in late Mid. and Mod. Ir. Occasionally adeir (sometimes deir) is given the endings of a simple verb, see infra. The early conjugation (ā-subj., ē-fut., t-pret.) continues with Mid. Ir. personal endings. In the pret. new stem-formations appear: adubart (< adrubart); adebart, adébart (? conflation of adubart and -epert); adobart, adóbart. In depend. position -dubart; -ebert, -ebart, -ébart, -debart, -débart; -óbart, -dobart, -dóbart. In classical verse (IGT loc. cit.) adubart, adobart alliterate with d; adóbart, adébart with a vowel and with d.

Early forms. Indic. pres. 1 s. asbiur, Wb. 8a9 . -epiur, Wb. 4b26 . -epur, 5a31 . 2 s. asbirsiu, Wb. 12d17 . asṁbirsiu, Sg. 208b5 . asbir, 66b10 . -apir, ibid. -epir, TBC-LL¹ 1763 . 3 s. asbeir, Wb. 5a1 . asṁber, 10b13 . With rel. inf. pron. assidbeir, 20a10 . With neut. inf. pron. adbeir, 5a11 . atbeir, 10d5 . -epir, ibid. -epeir, 17d11 . -eiper, 33b7 . -eper, Ml. 69a21 . 1 pl. asberam, Ml. 14a19 . Sg. 55b1 . -eprem, Sg. 208a7 . 2 pl. asberid, Wb. 5a31 . 3 pl. with rel. inf. pron. asndonberat, Wb. 2a12 . Pass. sg. asberar, Wb. 3c21 . asberr, 21c7 . asmberr, 33a18 . asber, Ml. 110d16 , 114a2 . -eperr, Sg. 73a11 . -aiperr, Ml. 14d13 . Pass. pl. asbertar, Wb. 28a20 ; Ml. 123c8 . -epertar, Sg. 3b6 . With inf. ro: 3 s. asrobair, Sg. 198a18 . ? asrobar, Ml. 17b23 . With inf. neut. pron. atrobair, Sg. 190b4 .

Indic. impf. 1 s. asberinse, Ml. 54c26 ; asberinn, 91b10 . 3 s. asbered, Wb. 15a18 ; Ml. 54c18 , 23 , 55c17 ; asberad, 53d6 . 1 pl. With neut. inf. pron. atbeirmis, Wb. 26b19 . 3 pl. asbertis, Wb. 25b27 . asbeirtis, 4c23 , Ml. 106d3 . Pass. sg. asberthe, Thes. i 492.25 . With inf. pron. 1 pl. asṅdanbertheni, Ml. 114a7 .

Ipv. 3 s. epred, Wb. 10a16 . 2 pl. eprid, TBFr. 396 . TBC-I¹ 1570 .

Subj. pres. 1 s. asber, Wb. 16a24 . -eper, 32a20 . 2 s. asbere, Wb. 12d13 . asbera(su), Sg. 209d30 . 3 s. asbera, Wb. 22b23 . With inf. neut. pron. atbera, 12a4 . 1 pl. asmberamni, Wb. 2a13 . 2 pl. asberaid, Wb. 7d10 . 3 pl. asberat, Wb. 1d1 . -epret, Wb. 7d8 . Pass. sg. asberthar, Wb. 10a12 . -epert[h]ar, Wb. 5a5 . With inf. ro 1 s. -erbora, LU 6659 (TBC). 2 s. -ǽrbara, Sg. 209b30 . -erbara, LL 286a1 . 2 pl. -érbarid, Wb. 13c13 ; 15d6 . 3 pl. -érbarat, Wb. 27c8 . -ērbrat, Sc.M² 1R . Pass. sg. asrobarthar, Thes. ii 17.34 . -érbarthar, Wb. 10d13 .

Subj. impf. 1 s. asberin, Wb. 14c23 ; asberinn, 17b1 . 2 s. asbertha, Sg. 217b15 . -epertha, TBC-LL¹ 2161 . 3 s. asberad, Wb. 13a13 , 19 ; Ml. 59a7 , 67a8 , 95b7 . With inf. pron. 3 s. n. atberad, Ml. 62c2 . -epred, 28b11 , 69a21 . -epreid, 70a6 . -aipred, 33c17 . 1 pl. asbermis, Wb. 18a18 . 3 pl. -epertais, Ml. 28d8 . Pass. sg. asberthe, Wb. 15d20 . asberthae, Ml. 77a6 . -eperthe, Wb. 19a5 ; 23d25 . With inf. ro 2 s. -erbartha (-erbarta v.l.), Alex. 829 . -erparta, BB 498a4 . 3 s. with rel. inf. pron. asindrobrad, Ml. 50b8 . -ærbarad, Ml. 31b20 , 24 . -erbarad, SR 5642 . 3 pl. asndarobartis, Ml. 31b22 .

Fut. 1 s. asbǽr, Ml. 91b10 . asbéer, Wb. 32a22 . asbér, TBFr. 168 . -épéer, Wb. 32a20 . -epér, SR 1309 . -eper, PH 2382 . 3 s. asbéra, Wb. 12d6 . 1 pl. asbéram, Wb. 17c23 . 3 pl. asbérat, Wb. 12d12 . Pass. sg. asbérthar, TBFr. 177 . Pass. pl. asbertar, Sg. 73b8 . With inf. ro 3 s. -erbǽra, ZCP vii 484.25 (Enchir. Aug.).

Condit. pass. sg. -eperth, Ml. 127d14 .

Pret. 3 s. asbert, Ml. 16c10 , Thes. ii 241.12 ; 242.3 , 6 . asmbert, Ml. 58c6 , 124d9 . -epert, Thes. ii 242.15 (Ardm.). 3 pl. with rel. inf. pron. asindbertatar, Ml. 124d9 . -epertatár, LU 8079 ( FB 5 ). Pass. sg. asbreth, Ériu iii 137.52 .

Perf. 1 s. asruburt, Sg. 91a3 , Ml. 50d7 . With rel. inf. pron. asidruburt, Sg. 58b1 , 75b2 . asidrubart, Ml. 3a15 , 66c1 . -ǽrburt, 44b19 . 2 s. -erbort. Ériu xii 166 § 5 (TE). 3 s. asrubart, Wb. 4d16 , autrubert, Thes. ii 246.14 (Cambr.). -érbart, Wb. 13c12 . 1 pl. asrubartmar, Wb. 8d26 . asrubartmmar, Sg. 55b5 . adrubartmar, 197b16 . 2 pl. arrubartait (sic), RC iii 345.16 . 3 pl. asrubartatar, Wb. 18d1 . With rel. inf. pron. asinrubartat, Ml. 131d12 . -ærb[art]atar, 29a4 . Pass. sg. asrobrad, Wb. 3c31 , 5a4 , 10d8 , 12d26 , 33b16 . asrobrath, Ériu ii 104 § 15 . -erbrad, Wb. 32c8 , -érbrath, Sg. 220a10 . -érbrad, Ériu iii 137.52 . -éabrad, Celtica xiii 13.248 .

Later forms. Indic. pres. 1 s. atbiur, TBC-LL¹ 610 . adbirsa, Mon. Tall. 154.23 . atberim, SR 1873 . atiur, TBC-LL¹ 2990 etc., natiur-sa, 4269 . tiur-sa, 2975 . attear, 3180 . atderim-sea, 4403 . aderim, PH 2760 . adearaim, DDána 113.29 . adirim (: eisinill), IGT Verbs ex. 84 . -apur, Mon. Tall. 140.24 . -abbair, Ériu ii 92 § 6 . -apraim, PH 2188 . -abraim, TSh. 2694 . -dirim, Content. xxix 10 . 2 s. at-beire, SR 1268 . atberi, Trip.² 584 . at-biri, Sc.M² 3 . natbere, TBC-LL¹ 1679 . ateri, MU 420 . adere, PH 2712 . aderi, 2705 . adir (: fir), IGT Verbs ex. 83 . -abbrai, Ériu iv 98.7 . -abra, DDána 37.17 . 3 s. atbeir, SR 4169 . itbeir, Trip.² 64 . atber, TBC-LL¹ 430 . atbir, 1222 . adbeir, ZCP viii 109.10 . adeir, PH 2714 . ader, 2688 . -abair, TSh. 127 . -abrann (: cablom), IGT Verbs ex. 87 . 1 pl. atberam-ni, TBC-LL¹ 5017 . adearam, DDána 42.30 . adireim-ne, 70.1 . adermait, PH 2685 . idermaidne, YBL 142b19 . adeirmíd, TSh. 5863 . adearmuid (: dhuid), Dán Dé xv 22 . adirmid (: sirmid), IGT Verbs ex. 76 . -abramait, PH 2666 . 2 pl. atberid, PH 297 . atberthe, TBC-LL¹ 861 . atberthai-si, 1959 . atberthi, PH 5268 . itirid-si, TBC-LL¹ 1636 . -aparthi, PH 5268 . -aparthai, 2362 . -abraid, -aburth, CCath. 601 . 3 pl. atberat, Trip.² 1175 . TBC-LL¹ 2659 . adberuid, Laws i 34.4 Comm. atberait, PH 6985 . aderait, 2676 . aderaid, CCath. 1700 . adeirit, Ériu xv 14 § 1 . adeirid, TSh. 751 . -abraid, 2514 . Pass. sg. atberar, BDD² 582 . TBC-LL¹ 843 etc. atberair, PH 2870 . aderar, 7396 . aderair, 7345 . iderar, CCath. 722 . dearair, DDána 48.10 . adirthir (: sligthiph), IGT Verbs ex. 93 . adirthear, DDána 78.12 adeirthear, TSh. 2515 . deirthear, 5652 . -eperar, Laws ii 254.6 . -ebarar, ACL iii 247.5 . -apar, MU² 265 . TBC-LL¹ 1148 . -abar, DDána 23.18 . -aburar, Maund. 8 . -abairthear, Ó Héodhusa 50.16 . -abarthar, TSh. 1924 .

Indic. impf. 3 s. atbered, TBFr. 223 . adbered, Ériu i 46.10 . atdeired, TBC-LL¹ 2854 . a-deireadh, DDána 52.17 . conaprad, Ériu iv 32.4 . 3 pl. adeirdis, Maund. 16 . Pass. sg. atberthea, TBC-LL¹ 1453 . adberta, Ériu ii 176.5 . atberte, CCath. 4446 . aderthai, Irish Texts i 22 § 5 . frisi n-aburti , Ann. Conn. 1310.3 .

Ipv. 2 s. apursiu, Mon. Tall. 150.22 . apair, TBFr. 323 . abbair, SR 1213 etc. abair, PH 351 . 3 s. aprad, PH 1768 . abradh, Ériu xv 14 § 5 . 2 pl. apraid, TBFr. 144 . abraid, Ériu iv 140.18 . aprit si, Mon. Tall. 131.31 . 3 pl. abraid, RSClára 7b . Pass. sg. abarthar, RSClára 4a .

Subj. pres. 1 s. atber, Ériu v 30.4 . -apror, LU 6662 (TBC). -abrur, LB 141a28 . -abra-sa (abru-sa v.l.), CCath. 3340 . cia therar , Ériu i 227.5 . 2 s. ciadera, Metr. Dinds. iv 356.58 . -eibre, Laws iv 108.1 . -aprai, Fing. R. 381 . -apra (-aprae v.l.), CCath. 4209 . -abra, PH 431 . -erba, 3155 . 3 s. adbera, Laws i 120.27 Comm. -epre, Ériu iii 106 § 41b . ? -eperta-som, TBC-LL¹ 2153 . -apra, IT i 128.26 . 1 pl. -epram, PH 6887 . 2 pl. -apraid, LU 4009 ( SCC 45 ). -abairthe, TTr.² 337 . 3 pl. -abrat, Sc.M² R 20 . -aprat, PH 7891 . Pass. sg. -ebarthar (- erbarthar MS), Ériu iv 24.3 . -abartar, RSClára 103a .

Subj. impf. 1 s. -abruinn, KMMisc. 354.17 . 2 s. at-bertha, Sc.M² 3 . TBC-LL¹ 1730 . aderthe, ZCP vii 301 § 7 . -ebertha, TBC-LL¹ 1730 . -erbarta, Anecd. v 2.10 = erbartha, Alex. 829 . 3 s. atberad, LU 2511 . -ebrad, IT i 175.16 . -aprad, Fing. R. 30 . -abradh, TSh. 2509 . 1 pl. atbermais, Trip.² 63 . 3 pl. aderdáis, Fianaig. 70.27 . -abbraitis, TBC-LL¹ 3592 . -hapraitis, 3291 . Pass. sg. -abartháoi, RSClára 77b . With inf. ro 3 s. -erbrad, IT i 175.31 .

Fut. 1 s. at-bēr, Fing. R. 971 . atér, LL 298b40 . adér, BNnÉ 252 § 207 . adéar, DDána 67.7 . -eibér, FDG² 57 . -aibéar (: caigéal), Content. xxiv 10 . 2 s. atbēra, SR 8133 . atbéra-su, Trip.² 1141 . adbera, Laws i 302.26 Comm. -adéruir, Laud 610, fo. 18d (cited from Plummer MS notes). 3 s. atbera, PH 2038 . adēra, ZCP viii 212.23 . adéara, DDána 29.24 . rel. adérus, RSClára 152a . -epri, LU 2513 . -ebre, IGT Verbs ex. 82 (subj. ?). -aibéra, ZCP viii 212.30 . -aibeóraidh, TSh. 534 . 1 pl. adéaraim-ne, DDána 67.35 . déaram, ML 120.15 . -aibéaram, DDána 95.18 . 3 pl. atberat, TBC-LL¹ 1613 . adēraitt, RSClára 22a . -aibeórait, 14a . Pass. sg. atdérthar, RC xx 12 § 21 . -habeórtar, Maund. 268 .

Condit. 1 s. adearainn, DDána 59.26 . -eibrinn (: deighgreim), IGT Verbs ex. 91 . 2 s. atbertha, TBC-LL¹ 1730 . -ebertha, 1730 . -aibeorta, TBC-LL¹ p. 221 n.4 . ádertha, ibid. 3 s. atbered, SR 5903 . adberad, CCath. 754 . atberad, 755 . adéaradh, DDána 94.13 . -ebéredh, BNnÉ 323 § 33 . -ébradh (: érlam), IGT Verbs ex. 86 . -eibreadh (: fleadh), ex. 81 . -aibeoradh, Keat. i 62.17 . 1 pl. adéarmais, DDána 99.43 . 3 pl. adiartáis, TBC-LL¹ 4018 . adérdáis, ZCP viii 223.20 . Pass. sg. adéarthaoi, DDána 21.22 . adéartha, 11.33 . -aibértaide, Maund. 55 . -aibeorthaoi, Keat. i 234.16 .

Pret. and perf.

(a) 3 s. atbert, Trip.² 168 . TBC-LL¹ 962 etc. adbert, Mon. Tall. 136.18 . itbert, CCath. 412 . 2 pl. atbert sib, PH 1384 . 3 pl. atbertatar, TBC-LL¹ 456 etc. atbertar, TTr.² 560 .

(b) 1 s. atrubart, PH 1548 . 3 s. adrubairt, Anecd. i 11.13 ( -a(i)rt, SCano 309 ). atrubairt, SR 1325 . adrubairt, Trip.² 554 . 1 pl. atrubartmar, CCath. 2865 . atrubrumar, PH 554 . adrubramar, 3460 . 2 pl. atrubrabar, PH 2774 . 3 pl. atrubartatar, LL 401b42 . atrubratár, TBC-LL¹ 2076 . atrubartar, TTr. 422 . Pass. sg. adrubrad. Trip.² 1392 . atrubrad, PH 107 .

(c) 1 s. atubart, TBC-LL¹ 4110 . adubhart, DDána 39.14 . 3 s. adubairt, TBC-LL¹ 1494 . atubairt, 956 . gitubairt, 3764 (ce dubairt , v.l.). itubairt, RC xlvi 227.19 . adubert, ZCP xiii 182.26 . dubairt, PH 7464 . adubairt, IGT Verbs ex. 80 . duibhert, Rel. Celt. ii 190.33 . adeibairt (idubairtt v.l.), Ériu ii 184.16 . -dubhairt, TSh. 3198 . -dobort (: comolc), IGT Verbs ex. 88 . -dóbart (: cródhacht), ex. 89 . -debhairt, CCath. 421 . -debert, RC xiv 46 § 54 . -débairt, TTr.² 245 . -débuirt (: énuilc), IGT Verbs ex. 75 . 1 pl. adubramar (atrubhamar v.l.), CCath. 2641 . adubrumar, Laws i 92.9 Comm. adubramair, 42.21 Comm. dubrumur, 142.27 Comm. -dubhramar, TSh. 1158 . -dubhramair, 99 . -dobramair (: gormlannaig), IGT Verbs ex. 79 . -dobhramair, DDána 101.25 . 3 pl. adubratar, PH 2679 . dubrudar, RC xlix 5 § 2 . -dubhradar, TSh. 3210 . Pass. sg. adubhradh, DDána 21.7 . má dubradh , IGT Verbs ex. 80 . -dubradh (: chunnradh), ex. 90 . -debhradh, Lism. L. 3310 . -déabhradh (: téarnamh), DDána 108.3 .

(d) 1 s. -óbart, IGT Verbs ex. 85 . -éabhart, Content. viii 4 . 3 s. -eabert, Ériu ii 186.13 . -ebert, CCath. 4061 . -ebairt, TBC-LL¹ 137 . -ébairt (: mérailt), IGT Verbs ex. 74 . -éabhairt, DDána 97.24 . 3 pl. -ebradar, Ériu ii 180.10 , Pass. sg. -ebrad, Fing. R. 1030 . -ebrath, ZCP viii 313.30 . -ébrad, IT i 132.19 .

(e) 3 s. condérbairt, TTr.² 1764 . 3 pl. -derbertatar, BS 50.30 . Pass. sg. asroepred, Mon. Tall. 159.4 .

Pret. and perf. with s-pret. endings. 1 s. atbertus, PH 1517 . adubartus, 1785 . 2 s. atbertais, TBC-LL¹ 1414 . adubartais, PH 3332 . adobhartois, Desid. 799 . -ebartais, Fen. 300. x . -dhébartais, ZCP viii 552.14 . 3 pl. atbertsat, LU 9223 ( FB § 77 ). asbertsit, Alex. 690 . atbertsatar, PH 2743 . -epertsat, PH 750 . -ebertsat, 2305 . -ebirtsit, TBC-LL¹ p. 649 n.7 . Pass. sg. adubortas (: bfoltchas), IGT Verbs ex. 78 . -ebras, Ériu vii 225.6 .

Also 1 s. -erbertus, PH 4958 . 2 s. atrubairtais, PH 5046 . -erbortaiss, Ériu xii 166.30 (TE). 3 pl. atrubhairtset, Leb. Gab.(i) 244.9 .

Vn. epert. abairt, IGT Verbs § 6 .

Part. of necess. abarta, Anecd. ii 20 § 4 .

Says, speaks (folld. by direct obj., verbal clause or vn. clause): dogníthe a n-asbered Moysi, Wb. 15a18 . arna epret is ara miscuis in cúrsachad, 7d8 . ní arindí asndarobartis . . . inna briathra hisin, Ml. 31b22 . atbeir C. . . . inní so, Trip.² 10 . in ferand . . . a n-apar a mbith, 43 . ní abbair acht fírinne `I say only the truth', Ériu ii 92.15 . intan promthar epred ced, ZCP vii 312 § 24 . asrubairt ni regad co rrucad mo chendsa, TBC-I¹ 1219 . adbert co ndingnead, Ériu ii 180.9 . brat an druadh adir an leabhar / 'na smual ón tigh theineadh, Dán Dé xii 23 . dā n-abruinn gurab dubh an fíach, / adēardis Laighnigh gur geal, KMMisc. 354.17 . ná habair 's ní aibéar-sa / m'ainm, Dánta Gr. 95.13 . adeirid uile, crochtar é, TSh. 3196 . an madradh adeir sé do bheith i n-ifreann, 1030 . an dream adeirmíd do mharthain quos vivere dicimus, 5863 . In phrase a.¤ bréithir (bríathar) gives one's word: asbir mo bríathar . . . beith ré dosom ría n-ecaib ┐ ní dognéa . . . `by my word', Mon. Tall. 141.6 . natiur-sa brethir manu thísat . . . is missi conairgeba bás, TBC-LL¹ 4269 . asbiur mo bréithir . . . narb' ail damh nech d'anacal, RC xxvii 268 § 16 . In sense of orders, commands: asbert Colmán a scor reme C. ordered it to cease, BColm. 58.22 . má adubhairt cairt a roinn ribh / an tírse `if some charter orders you to divide this country', Aithd. D. 30.32 . céard gach fhir do dhíol adeir he orders the craft of every man to be rewarded, DDána 91.45 . adeirim ris an saoghal cromadh, TSh. 190 . sings, chants Celtica xxi 62 : co n-ebert an laoidh, BS 17.487 .

With prepp. With FRI says to, calls: amal asindbertatar som fris, Ml. 124d9 . is sain indí asidrubart ┐ indí frisa n-érbrath, Sg. 220a10 . asbert D. fri Pátricc, Thes. ii 241.12 . eprid frie for toisc, TBFr. 396 . Rí frisin-erbairt in slúag, SR 7689 . Conall C. atubrad rium-sa do gabáil ann `I was told that C. would settle there', Ériu xvi 67.93 . ní apur frit ol M. ní fodgní lind `I do not tell thee (to do so) says M., such is not our practice', Mon. Tall. 140.24 . notaitchim ar Dia . . . co n-erba rind . . ., PH 3155 . adbirsa fritsa cuicc bliadna dec pendi `I pronounce upon thee fifteen years of penance', Mon. Tall. 154.23 . apraid ríu . . . anat dina cuínib co fodailter dóib, TBFr. 144 . coimhlíonaid . . . mar a dubhradh riú `as it hath byn commanded them', RSClára 114b . is airi asbiur frit stultam, Wb. 8a9 . as uime adeirthear neamhghlan rú this is why they are said to be impure, IGT Introd. 5.12 . Druim C. risa n-apar Áni Clíach which is called, MU² 294 . as ris aderthai Mac Duinnshleibhe, L. Chl. S. 17 . mac do Fíachaig Mullet[h]an risinnabar Fer da Líach, ZCP viii 303.29 . an ced earnail dib re nabar morbus uniuersalis, RC xlix 3.4 .

With DO gives as a name to, applies to, calls: conna epreid ainm dia ndoib, Ml. 70a6 . ání as deus is du folud nephchumscaigthiu asberr, 110d16 . conepertar doib ylementa , Sg. 3b6 . ní eperr acht hilar dóib `only the plural is used of them', 73a11 . cid ara n-eperr fer midboth don[d] ḟi[u]r so ? Críth G. 30 . is hé in suide itberar doib, Trip.² 40 .

With DI calls: is de atberthe in siriti de ara met no delbad i n-ilrechtaib, LU 9008 ( FB 75 ). is airi adberta Furbaide de, Ériu ii 176.5 . cia tugaid ara n-ebarar berla tobaide din Gaedilg ?, Auraic. 2.10 . Says of: issed asberedsom desuidiu `this is what he used to say of this', Mon. Tall. 142.18 . is don ingen siu atrubrath cruth cach co hEtain, IT i 120.12 . conadh aire atberar in foranmach de .i. Nuada Find Feimin, ZCP xiii 197.15 . cé dearaid cách éag re hadhart / d'onchoin R. . . ., Magauran 1172 .

With ó names from: iar marbhadh . . . Charolusa . . . ó n-abarthar cloidheamh Charolusa from whom the sword of C. is named, Ériu i 80 § 8 . cia ó ndubhradh ainm gacha litre, IGT Introd. § 1.4 . Féine ó Fhéinius atbearta, Keat. ii 319 . Aed mac . . . Fergail on abar h. Fergail, Ann. Conn. 1232.2 .

adj o, ā. Later also bailc i.

I stout, strong, sturdy, firm, vigorous, powerful: b.¤ .i. calma no trom, ut est ailidh sidhe aurarsan a cét direch balca (leg. b.¤, ed.) in maic .i. is calma no is trom a inne (sic leg.) in maic ima ndergither é .i. in t-étach. Nó taidlis bo slicht (compd. ?) b.¤ (used adverbially ?) .i. tadall erca isna búaib go calma, O'Dav. 277. bailc .i. mor no calma no tren . . . ciaptar bailc a mbresa, 255 . Cf. Fél. Prol. 74. b.¤ graece balanin .i. grande , O'Mulc. 119. bailc .i. calma, Stowe Gl. 239. b.¤ .i. calma, Lec. Gl. 184. b.¤ .i. trén, neartmhar, no mór, O'Cl. Benedicht, b.¤ áge, Fél. July 11 . tescmart brait bhailc co mbuaidh (brait b.¤ , ed.) `he has saved a prey with stout victory', Blathm. 137. Indrechtach . . . / . . ., bailc baind, Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 25 (a) . co brāth mbairnech mb.¤ , Bruchst. i 55 § 123. is bēsad na cleithe, is b.¤ oc lār, is caol oc clēit[h]e, Corm. Y 275. fer tailc tuillethan, isé bailc brádorcha, MU² 642. buidhne bailci beoda, CCath. 5367. ba balcc bríge, MacCongl. 69.13 . ben b.¤ , BS 70.z . b.¤ Belltaine / do bheir bláth sugh a sughdhosaib, IGT Decl. ex. 342.

Compar. co mbuidin ba balcu, Fél. Jan. 4 (balcdu, balccu, v.ll.). bailci, TTebe 394 .

II As subst. strength, firmness, vigour: gabsai format, fí fo bailc, ZCP xi 108 § 2. buan in b.¤ , CRR 57.

Compds. With nouns: conid mind cach maige / balccbuile (sic leg. ?) na mbard the strong one of whom the poets sing (?), IT iii 57 § 108. tri balcbemmenda Bodba, TBC-LL¹ 5984. Balcbend gilla A., LL 25078. Nabál . . . / balcbethraid os betha blá, SR 6291. ras gabastar chuci ar a balcbolgán by its stout middle (of a standard), LL 31773 ( TTr. 962 ). cotlud nā longad nī sām lam balcbrain, TBC-I¹ 1215 (rhet.). balcbriathra Bodba, TBC-LL¹ 6056. fiora betha co mbalcbrigh `with strong might', Blathm. 76. sorcha in balcbuaid, Snedg. u. Mac R § 31 . bongos fidh a balcfremaibh, Blathm. 229. ba balc-gent co mbeó-gletin, Metr. Dinds. iv 188.24 . fót co mbalcraind, Metr. Dinds. ii 20.39 . buidnib balcthoir (: altóir), SR 6882. asa mbruintis balcct[h]onna, ACL iii 218 § 6.

With adjj.: athair Bile bailc-dremhain, Leb. Gab.(i) 218.24 . ailen . . . balclan do cairibh, Stair Erc. 227. As subst. the full: balclan gelglaici C. i tacmaisi crainn gac[h]a craisigi dibh, CCath. 5307. dias . . . it é damdabcha balcremrai, BDD² 1214. ben balc-thorrach, Metr. Dinds. iv 126.36 . buidni balcthruim, LU 10882 (rhet.).

With adjj. derived from nouns: ech . . . balcceimnech balcbéimnech, LU 8667 ( FB 50 ). Balar Balcbemneach, Cóir Anm. 289. tricha bliadan balcbuidnech (sic leg.), MacCarthy 204 § 4 . a balcbullig Brég, LU 8110 ( FB 8 ). [in tarbān] . . . / bailcerblach adircech `strong-tailed', Ériu vii 6.2 .

n ā, f. (bert). Also bertlach. Expld. as load, burden; chessboard: b.¤ .i. oire tromm nó fi[d]chell, O'Mulc. 178. b.¤ .i. aire no fidhchell, H 3.18, 64 b32 . beartrach .i. fithcheall no clar imirthe, O'Cl. As n. loc. dodechuid . . . do Bertlachaib aníar i mBertlachaib sair i n-inbiur Muáidi, Trip. 136.26 . a bBertlaig i mBertlaig Calrigi Culi Cernadan (= a Bertlacijs Occidentalibus, Colgan, Trias Thaum. p. 167, 251 n. 3 ), 250.11 . Cf. ad flumen Muaide de Vertrige in Bertrigam , ib. 327.15 ( Ardm. 15a1 ). O Floinn on Bheartraigh, Hy Fiach. 166.19 . B. bláith, 250.1 . brúgaid . . . na Bertraigi, 4 (see note).

part also beos. Later beós, bós, fós (see fós). Disyll., Lament 13 , as monosyll., SR 5046. See Pedersen Vgl. Gr. i 271 , 457 . b.¤ in Ml. ( beous, Ml. 77b2 ), beos in Wb., Sg. 201b15 . b.¤ , LU 3395 , beós, 3740 . béus, LL 12521. bhius, TBC-LL¹ 6014. bós, Mon. Tall. 158.32 . bhós allit. with bhás, DDána 34.26 ( fós . . . fúthaibh, 26. 2 ).

(a) still, yet: b.¤ gl. usque (adhúc), Ml. 63a5 . do-b-tromma a n-accobor collnide beos gl. adhuc, Wb. 8c8 . beos gl. adhuc, 14c1 . atbiur beos `I say it still', 9b20 . béus = adhuc, Lat. Lives 52 § 44. ind hí lanamnas atái béus? `art thou still in the married state?' Mon. Tall. 134.25 . baí in t-imcosnam cetna beius imón curadmir, LU 9035 ( FB 78 ). bá ógṡlan b.¤ it was still whole, 10022 . cundat marthanaig béos still in existence (pillar-stones), MU² 310 (LL). co se b.¤ as yet, LU 5087 (TBC). With neg. ni thucat beos ruín ind rechto `they do not yet understand the mystery of the Law', Wb. 15a34 . ni rochumscigther són beos `it can never be moved', 30b15 . nimda sátech dom cluchi béos, LU 4996 ( TBC-I¹ 508 ).

(b) further; moreover, again; besides, also, in addition: do irgairiu na sainte beos `also to forbid greed', Wb. 12d32 . epert do Duaid b.¤ dombera Dia fortacht dond fiur firíen gl. etiam, Ml. 57c4 . ar cech lau b.¤ gl. (eorum)que, 75d1 . debe tintuda inso b.¤ `this too is a difference of rendering', 65c8 . forberad mu chland b.¤ `further', 88a10 . du adamrugud flatha solman ón b.¤ `to glorify the rule of Solomon again', 90a5 . cid fó cid for beous beme whether we sink moreover or swim, Snedg. u. Mac R 9.14 . dligid bēus (beos, bheós v.ll) cach dothge miscais, ZCP xi 84 § 34g . sruth tentide beos and andside, LU 2112 ( FA 18 ). dambad étaid in fer ca mbeind, nibad chomdas béus that too would not be fitting, TBC-LL¹ 41 ( LL 7586 ). co tarla anfud mór doib b.¤ isin bale cétna `again', Thes. ii 329.6 . lotar ond indsi sin for culu forsin n-ocian beos, RC x 60.5 ( LU 1922 ). dorad beous ár for choblach `also', xvii 419.23 . co ro móti bus ingnad lib beos `that ye may be yet more astonished', PH 3746. bheós = also, RSClára 42a .

With verbs expresses sense of continues, keeps on with the action of the verb: tecmallid dia domnich beos continue to collect on Sunday, Wb. 14a1 . á tinnacul a llaim hi llaim b.¤ that they should be passed on from hand to hand, Ml. 96d6 . aithrus ind anmcharat dia bliadna b.¤ `to consult his confessor once a year regularly', Mon. Tall. 144.2 tictis drecht díb b.¤ `kept coming' (Faraday), LU 5900 ( TBC-I¹ 1432 ). in comram do thairisem b.¤ (beos, v.l., R11), Sc.M² 11. do-das-athiged C. béos (MS.) C. continued to attend on them, MU² 922 (LU). tairissid beos `wait a while', PH 1415.

(c) yet, nevertheless, in spite of that: is fo chétbuid alanaile beos inso this, however (?), is according to the opinion of others, Sg. 201b15 . ní té(i)t a luige ó ḟi[u]r midbotha (?) beos his oath is still that of a f. m., Críth G. 70. ro-cechlastai a toitim in tan labras beóus it (viz. a needle) would be heard falling even when he is speaking (?), BDD² 793. rotmuirbiu[b]- sa beos I shall kill you all the same, Ériu v 72.12 .

n (Fr. fi(ls), Risk 6) proclitic = 1 mac IV: Ioan Fi Tomas, Ann. Conn. 1296.9 . Dauid bi Milis, 1347.6 .

io, iā part. of benaid. GOI § 715 , Greene, Ériu xix 113.

(a) struck: a nnarobsa bithe gl. perculsus, Ml. 45d6 . bithe gl. iecta, 123c17 . A . . . bithe ` mangled ' (`uxorious', Gloss.), Metr. Dinds. iv 112.68 .

(b) As laudatory adj. smooth, mild, modest: briathraib bithib bithblaithib, SR 5814. for lurg a búair b.¤ (: fíche), Metr. Dinds. iv 198.44 . O. setig Séim bláith bíthi, LL 16477. [fi]r bláthi bithi (beodha, v.l.) borba, Ériu viii 70.7 . gid borb is búilidh / gid beodha is b.¤ , Caithr. Thoirdh. 76.27 . Ultan bíthi, Gorm. May 24. (of women) cadla .i. . . . bithi, O'Dav. 433 ( Fél. Dec. 9 ). buidne bithi banamla, TTebe 2228 . ben b. bannda dhiadha ` demure ', AFM vi 2222.16 . bithe .i. bannda, O'Cl. a chraobh bh.¤ bhanda, DDána 80.28 . In comic n. pr. mac . . . meic bairr braisce b.¤ , MacCongl. 35.4 . at b.¤ `hood', Eachtra Uill. 1889 (`soft hat', Ériu xix 113.36 ). ? nístibred im báig mb.¤ / dáil fria cness fria cóem-chíche, Metr. Dinds. iii 190.23 .

Compar. bithe ina cach náidhi (of Brigit), Lism. L. 1226 . bíthi nā marb more exhausted than a dead man, Caithr. Thoirdh. 117.12 .

See benta.

adj i earlier mláith q.v. Also bláth [o, ā]. n s. f. mblāith, ZCP viii 202.13 . bean bh. g s. f. blaithi, forms given as `cáol uile,' IGT Decl. § 136. bean bhláth, § 137 .

(a) smooth (in orig. sense from subjection to grinding, friction, etc.): bláth (leg. bláith, ed.), mín, réidh `smooth', Eg. Gl. 68. (Of objects of metal, wood, stone, horn) filet ann brugi bláthi, SR 477. deich mbeanna bōnadarc būabaill mblāith, Ériu ii 28.20 . bogada blathi ` polished ', Cog. 158.23 . do bleidedhaibh blaithe, 114.20 . fidchell . . . cona foirind blāith bricc bendaig, MacCongl. 69.26 . do thighibh bláithe, Ériu v 58.27 . ar slios bh.¤ an bhrogha te `on the smooth wall', 62.5 . a measc na ccloch mb.¤ , Isaiah lvii 6. dia mbiailibh bláithibh, AFM v 1556.4 . garbh ṡáithe ┐ mín mheile / sgín eibhe bláithe buidhe with a smooth yellow haft, IGT Decl. ex. 1119. (Of skin, leather; cloth) a inar b.¤ bíannaide `soft tunic of skin' (Faraday), TBC-I¹ 1871. fa mbratachaib blaithi, MR 224.3 . geabhuidh lamhuinn mbreacchuirr mb.¤ , KMMisc. 170 § 12.

(Of food and drink) fít bec b.¤ a small light ration, Ériu ii 65 § 8. bid b.¤ do deog, iv 106.8 . blongi bláthi `smooth lard', MacCongl. 81.24 . In comic n.pr. meic borrchrothi blāthi, MacCongl. 33.16 .

? fosair blaith boairech . . . cred é b.¤ annsin. Inand é ┐ dag boaire co mbail foranaeí ┐ isé sin b.¤ atber ann, H 3.18, 646b32 ( O'Curry 1449 ).

(b) (In fig. sense) smooth, gentle, soft; comely: is amlaid sain bis ríge / garb a thús . . . / b.¤ a mmedón, Ériu iv 106.6 . i márḟlaith . . . / indat bláithe beccáin, Fél. Sept. 4. muinter b. romín (the inhabitants of Heaven), LU 2041. ind ḟírflaith blaith builid búan (of Conn Cétchathach), Airne F. 267. blaith .i. suthain, Stowe Gl. 245 (an inference ?). in énlaith búan b.¤ , LU 3696 ( SCC 33 ). fer blaith cennais ` mild ', PH 1974. Bēbinn blāith, ZCP vi 269 § 6. mor . . . do bhann- trachtaibh blaithe bíthe, Cog. 42.15 . [fi]r bláthi bithi borba, Ériu viii 70.7 . blāith ro-gabais cucut corp (to Christ), ACL iii 242 § 16. a abhlainn bh.¤ bheannaighthe `O bright . . . Host', A. Ó Dálaigh xxxvii 6. in troigh ṡlisseang, boindgeal b.¤ `smooth . . . foot', Ériu iv 218.15 . brēthir b.¤ `with gentle word(s)' (Gloss.), Sc.M² 21f . gut[h] blāith, ACL iii 306 § 9. na tuill buide mblāith / fria duine nach dlúith, KMMisc. 274.15 . oentu . . . blaith, Cog. 122.17 .

Equative: bláithidir scotha, Eg. 1782, 18a1 (cited Contribb. 225 ).

Compar. bláithe ná blaosg na huighi smoother (of a mansion), O'Gr. Cat. 354.1.

Superl. is é rígh as bláthem ┐ as mínem . . . dod-ánic, BDD² 1072.

Adv. atá slíghe . . . déanta go b.¤ = the way is made plain, Proverbs xv 19. gi-bé thairgfeadh a riar go b.¤ ` satisfactorily ' (Gloss.), Measgra D. 29.4 .

As subst. tairm na bláithe buige of the smooth, gentle (harp), SG 108.25 .

Compds. With nouns: ag binnghabháil a bíáidae ┐ a blathurnaighthe gentle prayers, Ériu v 86.17 . blāthc[h]aomna bocht, ZCP viii 215.16 . im bláitheing mbric ngreanta `neat border' (of embroidery), Magauran 2086 . ar beinn a bruit ┐ a bláithédaigh, Ériu v 76.38 . blaithliag `a pumice-stone ', Eg. Gl. 735. an cethramhad mionn dibhsin, / an mblaithminestir mbuadhach `smooth . . . reliquary', BNnÉ 270 § 241 . bláthoige gach ball id mhiocht smooth perfection, Magauran 2077 . Aedh mac C. . . . /. ui. bliadna fa blaithríadail, BB 59a31 .

With adjj.: i n-iomdaidh bhuiligh blaith-bind full of soothing sounds, BNnÉ 273 § 245 . is mic Cairbre bhuig bhláithcháoin fair and gentle, Ériu v 86.8 . mias . . . bhláthchaoin (of fine earthenware), TSh. 889. do breacsrol blathetrocht `smooth -bright', CCath. 4665. la C. mbúan mblaithfial soft and modest C., Gorm. Jan. 12. righti . . . blaithghelai smooth, white arms, TE 4 Eg. cona dib caelspeltib blathmaetha biannaide (of a sword-case of skin), CCath. 4692. blaithmín fri boctaib, Gorm. Sept. 25. re táobh na learg mbláithslim mbán, IGT Decl. ex. 417. beith ind-ēccmais Brīain bláith-rēidh, ZCP viii 218.31 . a bodhadhaibh blaithrighne smooth, tough bows, AFM v 1646.5 . With part. bróg bhláithghreanta, Magauran 4133 .

n [ā, f.](cf. brandub, branán) (playing) a board-game: dobered [Lóeg] leth brandaigechta ┐ fi[d]chillachta fora thigerna `he used to win every other game of `brandub' . . . from his master' (Faraday), TBC-I¹ 2327 = ZCP x 279.2 . incoiscithur do . . . brannuighecht ┐ diubrugudh ┐ fichillucht (accomplishments taught to an aire's son during fosterage), Laws ii 154.6 Comm. fithceallucht ┐ brannuidecht, 156.28 Comm.

n o (appar. 1 bran + dub) brandubh (brandamh, brannamh, v.ll.) m., IGT Decl. § 11 (54.13) . Name of a board-game , (associated with fidchell and búanbach) see Zimmer, KZ xxx 79 , TD ii 198 - 199 , MacWhite, Éigse v 29f . (`clearly modern chess' in TSh. 852 ff ., ibid.), see branán. b.¤ .i. bro ḟind ann ┐ bro dub nó b.¤ .i. a dub fora broin (ed. broin[n]), Lec. Gl. 204. luis .i. lam, ut est luis fir fora mbrandubh decraiter, O'Dav. 1158. búaid fidchilli ┐ branduib `the gift of playing b.' (among Cú Ch. 's gifts), TBC-LL² 550 . ic imbirt b.¤ ┐ ḟidchell, 745 . imbert b.¤ ┐ búanbaig ┐ fithchille `back-gammon and draughts and chess', RC xiii 442 § 17. ór corcra ar chlár a mbrannaimh, DDána 100.17 . Fig. bearta brannaimh na beatha agá n-imirt leó, TSh. 859. Of the board, the pieces: b.¤ ┐ fi[d]chell `chessmen and chessboards' ( Corm. Tr. 129 ), Thr. Ir. Gl. 34 s.v. orc tréith. etir . . . fidhcill ┐ brandam `draughtboards, and draughtmen' (a king's treasures), RC xviii 182.8 (Tig.). ata mo b.¤ . . . / cuiciur airgit gil can glór / ┐ ochtur do dergór, Acall. 3949. coic ḟidchella ┐ u. branduib, LL 7277. la fichit b.¤ brecboirdnech, 7284 . go n-a brannuibh déad, Ériu i 95.4 . bhar mbrannaimh / . . . do chéadarraibh, DDána 74.48 ` draughtsmen ', Ir. Monthly 1919, 342 § 48 . See foirenn (c). Fig. imirt ar ghuin ghallbhrannuibh `playing for a check at foreign chessmen', Miscell. Celt. Soc. 150.14 .

n u, m. IGT Decl. § 95 .

(a) battle, fight : fo béesad fir téte do ch.¤ , Wb. 9a3 . in chatho gl. proelii, Ml. 34a20 . amal dunem-side nech iarna chúl hi c.¤ `behind him in battle', 112a5 . fon ch.¤ gl. sub Marte, Sg. 44a1 . dochum in chathai, Cáin Ad. 17 . fuil fearthar a c.¤ , Laws v 142.9 . d'ēt chatho `through seeking a battle', Ériu xvi 146.4 . glond catha comramaig, LU 8957 ( FB 71 ). cuimling móir ┐ catha etir Ulta ┐ Un Neill, Lat. Lives 19.9 . nocha comhain cath fiora battle does not spare men (prov.), Hugh Roe² 186.6 . amail ch.¤ sula gl. palpetratione (leg. palpebratione), Ériu iv 182.x . catha, ┐ urtha, ┐ irgala (of types of stories), Laws i 46.4 Comm. Of individual battles: cath Muigi Tuirend, Airne F. 187 . i c.¤ Aird Ladrainn, MacCarthy 156.z . Cath Moigi Slecht . . . ainm in katha-sin, Ann. Conn. 1256.7 . In Cath Cathardha (title of text), CCath. p. 2 . Of spiritual warfare: teannobthor c.¤ ar an chloinn temptation, Magauran 2217 . go gceanglam ar gcorp san gcath, Aithd. D. 80.43 .

As descr. gen.: ciṅg catha, Fél. Aug. 24 . ina cipi . . . catha, Stair Erc. 1513 . lán do chonfadh catha, TSh. 1073 . d'écin catha ná comlaind, MU² 172 . gan fhíor catha ag C. he fought against odds, Aithd. D. 33.22 . cen līn catha imbi sufficient to do battle, TBC-I¹ 335 (see 1 lín). míl catha, Fél. Ep. 275 . róe catha = c.¤ : re catha `a battle of war', Laws v 300.x . gnúsi námat i rói chatha, Tec. Corm. 9 . See 1 cró.

In phrases: cid cia ar ar cuirestar ceist in catha whoever was worried about the outcome of the battle, MR 166.14 . ar cor cestu (cesta, v.l.) an morcatha dim, CCath. 3784 . c.¤ fri x battle against x (somet. with Vn. force): oc c.¤ fri diabul `in fighting against', Wb. 23d8 . c.¤ fri Demon détlae, Fél. Prol. 242 . co ticfat do chath fri A., PH 7279 . With vbs. of offering, giving, winning, losing etc. : for diabal ro brisis c.¤ , Ériu xix 15 § 13 . robris c.¤ . . . for demun, PH 4732 . conboing catha cróchombág, LU 8352 ( FB 24 ). indiu cuirthir in c.¤ , 3661 ( SCC 32 ). tabairt catha do Assarib, Ml. 34c11 . maní dene chathu oc ditin do thuathe, 37c15 . gniid cathu, LU 3415 ( SCC 18 ). ita in c.¤ oca ferthain, 3664 ( 33 ). do f[h]resdal c[h]atha do C[h]onn, ML² 198 . du frithteirissem in chatho gl. ad resistendum, Ml. 83a11 . do fhuacgra catha fair, Stair Erc. 1653 . mebaid c.¤ ria Sīl C. . . . for Coin-Corb, Corp. Gen. 27.23 . See maidid, maidm, roínid. gidh roimhe do-chuaidh an cath though he won the battle, Aithd. D. 33.22 .

(b) troop, battalion : tinol catha, LU 3367 ( SCC 15 ). flaith fri Nīall ro chathu clói, Hail Brigit 21 . is na cathaib gl. in acie, Gild. Lor. 23 . ciṅgset inna c.¤ co fí , LL 336 . ba cain géim a chatha company, Fél. Prol. 139 . c.¤ do lucht na catrach group, BB 414b34 . na seacht ccatha boí san fFéin, Duan. F. ii lvii 29 . c.¤ Aodha Find . . . / gibe díbh gebhus righe family, BNnÉ 258.w . tréanaingil Dé i gcathaibh iata, Hackett² xxxii 103 . More specifically: tri ch.¤ ┐ .x. cét ar fichit cét cach catha, RC xvii 416.26 (Tig.). trí catha na Gnáithḟéine, ┐ trí mhíle san ch.¤ , Keat. ii 5155 .

Of animals etc.: secht cat[h]a deg do bochrudh (captured cattle), AU ii 506.20 . in cath crumh the army of worms, Aithd. D. 80.27 .

V. freq. in composition, with nouns in sense martial, warlike, military , with adjj. (in battle, as regards fighting ), and with adjj. derived from nouns. Somet. tautological ( ¤imairecc, ¤irgal), and freq. as alliterating prefix. A few permanent compds. ( ¤barr, ¤ḟeis (see cathais), ? ¤ḟer, ¤réimm ( ¤ech), etc.) are given as separate entries.

With nouns: go ro chinned . . . a cath-oirbert `valour in battle', MR 114.y . coras croith asa cathurlaind, LL 31787 (TTr.). a chatharm catha, LU 6425 (TBC). clú i ccaithbhearnaibh ` battle-gaps ', O'Hara 3400 . Conchobur caid cathbernaid, Rawl. 165b32 . caithbili Cruacan (of a king), ZCP ii 336.9 . caoga bliadan a righe nErenn do ┐ cathbuaidh do frisin re sin, BCC² 245 § 5 . Cathbuadha Conroi (name of tale), Anecd. ii 43 § 3 . Of crozier of Colm Cille: bachall C.C. . . . adberas Cathbhuaidh fria, TFrag. 230.6 . ra leiced a chathbuali . . . dó i cath na ṅGréc he was given a wide berth(?), LL 32298 ( TTr. 1486 ). sithithir slegh . . . airde cach cathbuailedh, TBC-LL¹ 5601 `compact body of troops', TBC St. Gloss. do reblaing . . . i n-a chathcharpat serda, LU 6479 (TBC). hi caithfheis ┐ hi ccathchongraim battle-gear , Hugh Roe² 264.26 . Conchobar cath-chingid, Metr. Dinds. iv 126.38 . ? cathclái gelbdai, SR 4227 . soí frit churad cathchlessu, LL 13781 . amal bid tre ermúru no tre cathcliatha gl. ut per propugnacula, Goid. 65.4 . sé cét elefinnte cona cathc[h]liathaib foraib lán d'ócaib (of howdahs), Alex. 568 . cathcliatha aidbli umaide . . . do diden a corp `cuirasses', TTebe 1434 . mac Cāirthinn in cathcobair, Corp. Gen. 9.47 . hi cathchomlond, BDD² 810 . cathchoscradh re nD. . . . for A. `destructive battle', AU i 270.13 . ro gabastár a chathcriss curad taris (of Cú Chulainn), LU 6415 (TBC). tréad an chathchraoi-se Criomhthainn, Measgra D. 54.80 `of this embattled land', Gloss. trena chathétedh, Cóir Anm. 200 . fer i cathfochrus bruit deirg, TBC-I¹ 71 `in a battle-girdle (?)', Faraday. ac sirgairm ┐ ag cathgairm a mic, TTebe 3588 . dog-nitea cliatha cathghaisccedh, Anecd. ii 25 § 6 . Nīall is Dathī co ccathgoil, ZCP viii 109.3 . cath-garrdha coraigthi do curadaib, MR 224.11 . in gach caith-ghliaidh, Leb. Gab.(i) 208.25 . A. nar' clói chathgreim ` battle-might ', Gorm. 16 . feis fōit ind ōic inda cathgreimim co matuin sleep under arms, Corm. Y 245 . meic Morna in cathgrinde, Acall. 2153 `battle-phalanx', Gloss. cathimairecc itir da ua Cernaigh battle-encounter , AU i 247.5 . a[c] cur na c.¤ asa cathlaithrechaib `positions', Ériu viii 38.23 . tri cathluain glana, Anecd. ii 61.y . cathluirech dluith drolach, CCath. 5211 . na cruadh-celmaini cliatha cathmaitti (maidid, maidm) ` battle-rout ', 4313 . mo chathmerge cenand battle-standard , LL 18597 . S. cathmīl cōemḟata, Ält. Ir. Dicht. i 17 § 2 . Cathnia nepos Guaire, AU i 274.5 . cunach dernat C. a catharcuin, Caithr. CC 46 . cathrī crāides / crīcha, Corp. Gen. 2.43 . āeris trī cētu / cathrōe battlefield , 56 . lia rīg a cathrōe ┐ a ndūnad ┐ a cāin ┐ a ndliged, Corp. Gen. 92 (Rawl. 127 a 43) ; 'military obligation', The Kingship and Landscape of Tara 110 . ni fuigli co ngoí cathroí, ar ni fríth ni fuigēbthar brithem bas fíriu cathroí, 'do not undertake a duel in falsehood, for there has not been found and there will not be found a truer judge than a duel', AM 64 § 31 , GEIL 211 . rob tu mo cathsciath, rob tu mo cloidem, Ériu ii 89 § 5 . ? fri cathslait cairi comlain, SR 3258 . cathṡluaig, Acall. 5429 v.l. da cathuaithne . . . iarnaidhi, TBC-LL¹ p. 817 .

With adjj.: soighde cathalaind (leg. -aille), TTebe 3808 . in cath-amra (subst.) `the famous fighter', Metr. Dinds. ii 64.2 . lasna Collu cathchalma, Trip. 536 § 30 . lēo . . . / cathchob(b)ur fond of battle(?), Corp. Gen. 8.12 . slán do chlainn cathgloin Ceallaig of the bright battalions, ZCP viii 230 § 16 . in mír don Choin chath-labhair ` battle-boasting ', Metr. Dinds. iv 180.15 . cathlabhar .i. do labhradh a cc.¤ , O'Cl. fir na cerda cath-mire `martial', Metr. Dinds. iii 272.28 . ic Cumull chath-mór, ii 74.32 .

With adjj. derived from nouns: clanna . . . cath-airbeartacha ` warlike ', MR 118.18 . curaid caín . . . cathbúadach, LU 3913 ( SCC 42 ). fo chích curad / crēchtaig cathbūadaig, Sc.M² 15 . an cathbuadhach (as subst.), Blathm. 257 . cathchorach cruaidrī skilled(?) in battle , Corp. Gen. 9.49 . cathmiled . . . cathchoscrach victorious , LL 13469 . mac cathlínmar Cumaill `of many battalions', Fianaig. 78.11 . C. cath merggech, IT iii 82.1 .

With vb.: do shíl Chuinn, roscath-métaig `that made it great by war', Metr. Dinds. iv 208.80 .

n t, m., GOI p. 206 . For n p. cinnta, Ml. 62d5 see ib. 205 . n s. also cionaidh, Ériu xiii 30.18 . a s. gan a cen, ZCP x 49.1 . d s. lán do chen, Rel. Celt. ii 206.z . c.¤ f. (dental infl.), IGT Decl. § 4 adding acht na ceananna; comair na gcenann is noted ceart do chanamain, ex. 247 while co centaibh is prohibited, ex. 246 . c.¤ m. (g s., n p., ceana), § 71 . Latter inflection v. freq. in later language. ? g p. cion, Content. xiv 18 (unrhymed).

I Guilt, fault, crime : ni nach c.¤ aile `it is not any other fault', Wb. 19d26 . brithemnacht forsin c.¤ -sa, 9b10 . ní fil ci[nta] doib fri Saul gl. culpae . . . conscii, Ml. 30b2 . na bad eola inar cintaib, gl. conpati infirmitatibus, Wb. 33b21 . is ái in c.¤ `his is the crime', Sg. 203a18 . it móra mo chinaid `great are my crimes', Fél. Ep. 387 . i cóictidi doluigdís cinaith la hóes rechtgae, Hib. Min. 26.x . cen fīach fair ina chintaib, Corm. Y 472 . bec in c.¤ tria chaingne chon, Sc.M² 21b . din chutrumma chinad noslenand, LU 2094 ( FA 16 ). ní ba c.¤ ṁbreithe in chlaidib beithir dí her crime in bringing the sword, TBFr. 248 (where c.¤ a s. ?, cf. v.l. p. 20). nībbōi c.¤ nombeith dóib, TBC-I¹ 2907 . olc in cosc cinad romchrín (Eve speaks) punishment for sin, Ériu iii 148 § 2 (`the wicked advice'). fiarfaighidh damh créad mo chion the charge against me, Magauran 856 . toil na gciontadh love of sin, Dán Dé xviii 10 . cealg ar gcionadh, DDána 12.4 . bean chúitigheas ar gceana (of Mary), 7.32 . maor measta ar gcean (Archangel Michael), PBocht 2.39 . sein-eol an cheana `the old way of sin', Dán Dé xxi 16 . marbh ó bhar gceanaibh ┐ ó bhar bpeacaidhibh mortui delictis et peccatis, TSh. 1192 .

Attrib. gen.: m'fhear cionadh enemy , DDána 101.52 . im intinn cheana sinful mind, Aithd. D. 92.21 . ní ro-theacht Ísu nach ṅgaile chinad do pecud any stain of the guilt of sin, PH 4826 . dáil cheana occasion of sin, DDána 10.34 . With follg. gen.: co . . . foltaib fíraib . . . cintaib laíme `for crimes of hand', Tec. Corm. 2.24 . silliud súla, cintaib bél, 26 . cin laime, cin coise, c.¤ tengad, c.¤ bel, c.¤ sula, Laws i 238.10 . cin leagha, IGT Decl. ex. 1138 . Prov. gach ciontaigh a chion, Celtica i 103.507 . In cheville: cid lór do chion, BS 68.7 .

Of specific sins, crimes: cion na drúise, Dán Dé xxxi 34 . cin na hecni sin of violence, PH 7537 . cion an fhormaid, Dán Dé xxxi 39 . cion an fhuatha, 38 . cion na sainte, 37 . cen duine do marbhadh ina cintaib comraiti `intentional crimes', Laws i 14.8 Comm. cionta comhraite .i. cionta as a riocht, O'Cl. Of sexual sin: c.¤ do epscop Mél fria fiair, Trip.² 980 . connach fedar-sa c.¤ ó ḟir eli ó ro imig sin (Penelope), Mer. Uil.2 238. go ngébhadh Oigh toircheas gan chion fir, Carswell 114.19 . Med.: foillsigid . . . cionta na nae vitia hepatis, 23 K 42, 125.13 .

II In phrases. Preceded by prep.: ferr duit nech aile ar na cintaibh at fault, ZCP vi 272 § 10 . cen chinta friu-som gl. gratis inimicitias eius patior, Ml. 142b5 . cen cinta `without offence', 74a1 . cen chinaid n-uaim fri nech gl. sine causa, 54d16 . lucht céssais cen chinaid `crimeless folk', Fél. Jan. 17 . in fíren do crochadh cen cinaid, PH 2933 . N . . . . [do marbad] . . . cin chuis cin cinaid, Ann. Conn. 1306.11 . do-rocair . . . / do laimh Cethirn go cciontaibh in return(?), TBC St. 3740 . Ruad mac Baduirn ba d'Ultaib / nuall cach glanuill co cintaib, LL 2589 . co cinaidh, Leb. Cert. 206.9 . di chinaid, prep. phrase with gen.: tuccus doibhsion da chionaid / ionad i ccoraidh mo tempuill in return, BNnÉ 175.3 . ? Cf. do chinaib cuna / guin fiachglanta, YBL 179b12 = BB 259b1 . i cin(aid), i cintaib with gen. or Vn. phrase in revenge, atonement for: cim[b]ith i cinaid .u.ir `a captive for every five persons concerned' (of penalty for breach of a king's protection), Ériu xvi 37 § 3 . i ccinaid a m[e]ic `in atonement for the liability of his son', ibid. a cinta oirccne `on account of injury done', Mon. Tall. 155.29 . a mmbarbad ar Fíanna Fáil / i cinaid marbtha Dubáin, LL 29354 . hi cinta ind fergoirt do milliud, LU 8526 ( FB 38 ). 'n-a chion féin `through its own fault', Magauran 3724 . Similarly tré chin(aid), chinta: tré ch.¤ drochmna, IT i 75.6 ( LMU 13 ). ronlaad a Parthus tria china[i]d imarbois (said by Adam to Eve), MacCarthy 60.23 . tré chenaib in popuil, Caithr. Thoirdh. 4.15 . With follg. prep.: cen chinaid for mnāi / do réir dligid Dé `do not hold a woman liable', KMMisc. 272.1 . ní mó . . . a c.¤ frib . . . indás na tucsaid úadib, LU 8980 ( FB 73 ). ni fetur-sa c.¤ dam frit `I know of no wrong I have done thee', Grail 2109 . ní fhoil cion riomsa ag R. R. has nothing to complain of against me, Aithd. D. 48.16 .

Other phrases: do-gní cin(aid) fri offends against: na cinta aili do niat na daíne risin ferann, Laws iv 140.19 Comm. re ghnuis nderg go ndentar c.¤ `till some charge is brought against his blushing face'(?), Magauran 2997 . With cuirid: dá mbeinn dod chur i gciontaibh if I were to accuse you, DDána 88.22 . cionnta go gcuire ar do ghaoltaibh, Aithd. D. 26.16 . ? Cf. nī mō leis (= le Dīa) blāth droigin duibh / ┐ cāch do chur 'na ch.¤ / . . . inā duille da chor d'fidh taking everybody into account(?), ZCP vi 269 § 13 .

As quasi-vn.: ēside o[c] cinaith frit-sa, ACL iii 295 § 21 `that itself is what's sinning against you,' Jn. Celt. Stud. ii 104 .

III

(a) In legal contexts offence, crime, etc. for which the doer is answerable at law, hence with meaning liability, guilt, incurred penalty, etc.: focerdar c.¤ co fergac `liability is attached to the angry man', BDC 25 . imdích dliged a chéle cintaib cuir (of duties of `flaith'), Críth G. 339 `in regard to liabilities arising from contract?' (Notes). .vii. claid . . . na[d] dírenatar cinaid `whose liabilities are not atoned for', Ériu xvii 70 § 13 . óthá suidiu hícad cách cinaid a c[h]laid `the liability of his ditch', 72 § 14 . a ḟrepaid ó ḟi[u]r chinad guilty party, Críth G. 60 . c.¤ comḟocuis responsibility for a relative or legal connection: c.¤ cach comfoguis for araile `liability of each kinsman upon the other' (as with éiric), Laws i 262.16 . imtha fri cion comfocuis `it is likewise with liability of kindred', Stud. in E. Ir. Law p. 145 , glossed is amlaid sin atait re hic cinta comfocuis, amail comruinnit in dibad is amlaid comruinnid (ícaid, v.l.) in cinaid. cion comhgais, cáin nó díol do bhuain amach i n-éiric nó i n-eineaclainn an loit . . . doghní neach . . . d'á charaid nó d'á chineadh, Keat. i 68.47 . is mo sidhe do ch.¤ `thy liability . . . is greater than (the value of) this (sword)', IT iii 201 § 75 . Cf. berid-si lib ina c.¤ fén iat (said to tax collectors) `in their own discharge', Todd Lect. vi 44 § 64 .

(b) Hence in sense of payment due, levy, exaction : ? fri commus a cheana ┐ a smachta ┐ a fiadhaig (`rule'), IT iii 199.8 . ? oenach Cuile co cintaib appropriation, LL 25093 . ni beiride acht cethramthain di ch.¤ na somane, di orbu na saetur (of the iarḟine), Laws iv 284.6 . cion do chuir i nDruim Lethan / do rioghaibh mar gnathachadh (of a proposal to billet soldiers on the community of D.L.), BNnÉ 288.33 . can luad cairti 'n-a cenaib `without mention of a charter for their tributes', Hy Fiach. 212.y . ceathruime cidh ima ḟuil / c.¤ leathbaile na lenmain why has a quarter the dues of a half-village? IGT Decl. ex. 194 . gníomh d'fhearann saor ar gach ein-c[h]ion `free from every impost', Misc. Arch. Soc. 190.8 . do bhuain chean `to get dues', O'Hara 2598 . Cf. kinduff alias black rent, Fiants Eliz. 5997 quoted Measgra D. Gloss. p. 243 .

(c) booty, plunder, and hence by implication victory, triumph, success: buáil-si um cheanuibh gach críche `take the spoil of every country', Ériu ix 8.88 . gáir na stoc i n-am na gcean, Measgra D. 57.22 . cena mora ┐ crecha aidbli, Ann. Conn. 1365.5 . urusa dhuit déanaimh cean `to win triumphs,' TD 1.45 . mall ar gcéimne leis an gcion we travelled slow with the `creach', Aithd. D. 6.44 . le neart-ghoil céimeann nó cean `triumphs', Content. xxx 21 . ag cuimhne a gcean `recalling their exploits', O'Hara 4406 .

(d) share, due portion : do chion (sic leg.) d'fágháil do'n éiric, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 364.17 . gan chion i gcogar Dé dhamh `part', Dán Dé xxvi 14 . breith na clainne is cean [do] mhartra is a kind of martyrdom, DDána 32.17 . ? dá shochar do gheibhthear as an Aifrionn . . . cion impidhe ┐ leóirghníomh, Eochairsg. 51.6 . Hence in pl. fortune, weal : daoine ar tí chean a chéile `set against each other's weal', Dán Dé vii 17 . dh'ionnramh chean ó gCéin `to serve (as defence for) their interests', O'Hara 2393 . díon ar gcean `to secure our fortunes', Aithd. D. 84.37 .

In chevilles: ard an cion, DDána 17.23 . mór an cion, O'Hara 3241 .

As quasi-conj.: cion a raibhe do shólás . . . dá bhfuaradar . . . go raibhe sé do dhólás orra . . . the greater the pleasure . . . . the greater the misery . . . , TSh. 3730 . cion a bhfuil d'fhad-dáil . . . atá sé do chaoile tanto . . . quanto, 5405 .

(e) love, affection (for development of meaning cf. cuit, 1 pairt): Críosd dom chion san bhrátha-ló `may Christ love me', Celtica iv 169.272 . maircc as gar da chill go ccion `dear', BNnÉ 286.31 . tarbh tána ar nar ceileadh cion `well-beloved' (of warrior), O'Hara 3469 . ró ceana `great affection', 2993 . onóir ┐ míoonóir (sic), cion ┐ neimhchion, do thabhairt d'én nduine abháin, Desid. 2367 .

(f) esteem, respect : menicniugad cena do denam (of a `céile' rising up before his `flaith'), O'Curry 621 ( H 3.18, 300 ). gan a cen ar naomh nō ar dhān, ZCP x 49.1 . a chion do réir a ríaghla, Bard. Synt. Tr. 3.22 . mic Uisnigh dhár chóir c.¤ , IT ii2 115.25 . is beg in c.¤ ata acan tren[n]íadh ugud oirne `respect . . . for us', Stair Erc. 1477 . méad an cheana do bhíodh ag cách ar an inchinn `how highly everyone prized', Keat. ii 3085 . ní fhuil cion innte ar fhéiltibh (of Ireland), Measgra D. 55.17 . With defining gen.: cion áonanma as .c. orra they are to be treated as one noun, Bard. Synt. Tr. 203.11 . ní bhíodh cion fírinne ortha `were not regarded as genuine', Keat. ii 3878 .

In phrases. cuirid i c.¤: m'anam thuas dá chur i gcion being honoured, DDána 12.8 . do cheird féin ní chuire i gcion `you do no credit to your art', Content. xxiv 8 . túis dod ghuidhe cuir i gcion `urge thy most zealous petition', A. Ó Dálaigh xxxv 1 . féile an leinbh gá chora i gcion `making it manifest', Ériu ix 166 § 32 . roinn ar ar chuireadar cion the division which they fixed, Content. xi 7 . téid i c.¤: ní théid a rún cliachdha a gcion does not go into effect, LBranach 3543 . fo ch.¤ respected: gearr an seal thugsad fa chion, Content. v 106 . do ghlac an rígh an macaomh go honórach ┐ do bhí fá cion aige, Eochairsg. 114.13 .

In phr. c.¤ fátha (printed as compd.) occasion (of sin, etc.): ar ngabáil chionfátha dhon pheacadh, Romans vii 8 . do chum nach tiubhruinn cionfátha don druing lé na mían cionfátha dhfaghail, 2 Cor. xi 12 . Cf. cennḟáth and Dinneen s.v. fáth .

Compds. do chleith mo cheanfhaghla, Aithd. D. 55.3 . le Dia [gidh] cin-iomdha ar gcás, A. Ó Dálaigh xxxiv 10 .

v later cinnid ( cinnit, LU 3598 ( SCC 30 ), rocindset, BB 47a15 . cindis, TBC-LL¹ 3777 ). For quality of root vowel see GOI 49 . Ind. pres. 1 s. cingiu, AFM i 330.16 . 3 s. c.¤ , LU 3830 ( SCC 37 ). 5732 . Laws i 10.26 . cingith, LU 6331 . -cing, Bruchst. 121 . Ériu i 122.22 . Rel. cinges, Cáin Ad. 26 . cinces, Ériu xvi 181 § 19 . ciṅges, Thes. ii 253.10 (Stowe Missal). cinnges, LU 8317 ( FB 23 ). Pass. cengair, Laws iii 26.15 . -cengur, i 266.6 . cengar, Auraic. 573 . Anecd. v 26.7 . 1 p. cengmai, ZCP xii 404.10 . Rel. cingme, LU 4704 . 3 p. cenggait, RC xx 138.13 . cengait, LU 6177. 2088 . ceṅgait, TFerbe 238 . -cengat, BB 260a61 . Rel. cengta, Metr. Dinds. ii 40.57 . cengtai, IT i 77.11 . Pass. ceṅgtar, LL 20148 . Impf. 3 s. cinged, Bruchst. 114 . no chinged , LU 8912 . ro-chiṅged, RC xxiv 176.24 . 3 p. no cindtis , Anecd. i 60 § 88 . Impv. 2 s. cingsiu, LU 5182 . cind-siu, TBC-LL¹ 3298 . ciṅg, MU² 51 . cing, O'Cl. 3 s. ceingeth, Thes. ii 248.6 . Subj. pres. 2 s. ro ceis , Rawl. 62b2 (see ZCP xxii 32 ). ? dian ceis , O'Curry 2273 ( Eg. 88, 20b ). Cf. aracae ? ?3 p. dian ceset , Laws iii 20.12 (cf. O'Dav. 505 ). Pass. s. ciasair, Cóic Con. 43.1 = cessair, ZCP xii 362.2 . Impf. 3 s. cessed, Corp. Gen. 282.y . no chessed , LU 6844 . na ro ceised , BB 205a1 . cesead, Todd Nenn. 144.1 . ? cesad, Ériu i 118 § 8 . fut. 2 s. cichsi, YBL 173b51 . SG 80.3 . cichseo, LL 13833 (see GOI 412 , Hull, Language xxiii 423 ). 3 s. cichis, Corp. Gen. 410.7 . LU 10372. 5506 . RC x 224.165 . Pass. cichsithear, O'Cl. 1 p. cicsimiu (leg. -mi, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 492 ), ZCP xii 404.10 . 3 p. cichsit, ZCP xiii 379.3 = cichsett, ZCP iii 463.y . cichsot, Ériu xvi 146.17 . ? Rel. cichside, Corm. 29.16 . Condit. 3 s. cichsed, LU 8298 ( FB 22 ). 8320 (20). 3 p. cichtis (for cichsitis ?), Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 10.1 . Pret. and perf. 3 s. cechaing, Fél. May 22 and passim. ro chechaing , Ériu iv 140.12 . go ceuchaing , Anecd. ii 54.14 v.l. ciuchaing, do cheachaing , O'Cl. Later with f-fut. and s-pret. Cf. chisigh, Ó Bruad. iii 164.11 . chighsiom, Content. xxii 8 . But these forms, as also Vn. ciseadh, IGT Verbs § 71 , may belong to a difft. word. Vn. céimm.

(a) steps, paces, proceeds, goes : ciṅgis C. co mbái etc., TBC-LL¹ 1947 . cechaing Corrgend . . . / co romarb Aed, Metr. Dinds. iv 102.3 . cing mál .i. cémnig . . . innas as dligthechu, LL 24294 ( RC xxvi 16 § 15 ). cechaing iarum C. co ro gab longphort oc Muaid `then he marched and pitched a camp by the Moy', RC xxiv 178.5 . ba C. costadach cindiustair, 282.2 . cingset ina ccath co ffi, Leb. Gab.(i) 216.17 . ín cet bean calma ro chínd / roghabh Banba ri nd(h)ilind (of Cesair), BB 22a11 . Cf. mōr līach rocēstar int ṡlūaig, Bruchst. 103 ( ro cecht ar an tsluaigh, AFM i 480.14 ). cingit, Auraic. 1287 .

(b) With Vn. céim in figura etymologica: cechaing céim as dírgu (of a saint), Fél. Mar. 20 . a Eochaid . . . arafolmaider ardchricha Cuind ciṅg ceim, Corp. Gen. 80.3 . rochinset a céim curad trod their victorious way, LL 14985 (`covenanted his chief champions', MacCarthy 178.9 = rocindset, BB 47a15 ).

With other nouns: cichis reím roirge ind rig, RC x 224.165 . mairg cingis in rēim rod-sain, ZCP vi 265 § 15 . fri cétchesad na conaire cengait (glossed tiagait), LU 2088 ( FA 15 ). conair cinnius in muadmacaem `wherefore does . . . come', MR 292.y . conad aire sin ro chinnesdair sin an treas lem luthmar lan-edrum, LL 410a13 . fichtibh curach / cechuing trichait / troichet cíabhat (of Colm Cille), ZCP viii 194 § 4 . cingis treabh Iūda . . . / in sēt n-ingantach, RC xxxvii 347 § 43 . Cland maic Cairne, cengta róe `who stride through the battle-field', Metr. Dinds. ii 40.57 = ceṅgtar, LL 2014 = ceang do rói, O'Cl. (cf. Hermathena xiv 471 ). déca a chairptiu cinnit glend, LU 3598 ( SCC 30 ). ra chindsem ceird comdana (Fer Diad to Cú Chulainn), TBC-LL¹ 3543 . cechaing thondaig tresaigh maghain mongaigh rónaigh (of Colm Cille), ZCP viii 197.5 .

(c) With prepp.: ceingeth ass, Thes. ii 248.6 . cach mac ina chinaid / c.¤ ar chel dies, Laws i 10.26 . c.¤ iarom for rindriis na mbera amal én, LU 5732 . Fear fí for caei cengustar, BB 380b9 . co Críst cechaing sathe (of saints), Fél. Jan. 25 . July 23 . co cóic sétu cingit, Laws iv 340.z . cechaing de sin D., Anecd. i 58 § 68 . de ilṡlúagaib cengat, LU 5476 = cengad, TBC-I¹ 999 . cengat cen chomfoirbb don chathrōi `let them march', Ériu vi 122 § 12 . nír chiṅg din tress, TBC-LL¹ 4047 . ro cingset [do]cum na sruth, CCath. 2573 . caidhe an sról do chinn fad chorp `that girt thy body', A. Ó Dálaigh xliv 7 . cech bradan . . . no chindedh suas frisin coraid, RC xxvi 136.27 . mo dá brattán cen terbba / cengta fri srotha sirti, Trip.² 1286 . diambad mé nochinged ind `when I was wont to wander thither', Metr. Dinds. iii 314.1 . cechaing 'sin báig / i ndáil dígla (of woman warrior), 184.24 . cechaing dias isan mag-sin, Anecd. i 53 § 25 . cingthe secha `he went past them', ZCP iii 212 § 24 . cingset seach tuind crichi / Frangcu, Todd Nenn. 132.9 . cichse a Temair tar fert a fert fogamraig, SG 79.w . cíndit tar cuan fatultaibh, IT iii 91.y . a arrad na holloirbe / tresacing cach caidh which all the pure climb (of Mary), Ériu i 122.22 .

With adverbs and adv. phrases: cechaing súas, Fél. Oct. 9 . cengsat na coin na díaidh (after a pig), Dinds. 74 ( RC xv 474 ). cengsat siar `they fared westward', Metr. Dinds. iii 4.33 . no cinged . . . fot n-aurchora on cathraig, LU 9136 ( FB 88 ).

(d) overcomes, surpasses, excels, exceeds, etc.: flaith fīal Finne / ro das cinne Níal cían Caille `overcame them', Arch. Hib. ii 61 § 42 ( LL 23658 ). cruimther cluana cáidh ro cinn excelled, SG 25.12 . Usually with prepp.: a mathuir na firinne / rocindis ar cach, Ériu i 122.16 . is é Crimthand chinnes ar cách / co fáth fuilech, LL 6468 ( dar cāch, RC xxxvi 263 § 18 ). ar cosnumh creach / cinnidh ar taoisech gach tuaithe, Magauran 3488 . ceand na ttreabh, treabh ar nār cind[e]adh dwelling never surpassed (of Heaven), ZCP xiii 13.25 . tigerna chinnes ar Dubán, CF² 1105 . a Dhé, go gcinnear orra, Measgra D. 78.12 . ro chinn an t-iolar ar uathadh the many defeated the few, AFM iv 996.15 . dias do Gaidilaib . . . do chind . . . do chach uli, Ann. Conn. 1281.4 . Corbbán, rochind for crábud `surpassing in piety', Metr. Dinds. iv 340.13 . ar chleith gCláire nír cinneadh / ar áille deich ndoinningean `unsurpassed for the beauty' (of chieftain), Magauran 4141 . cinnid for cach comlann `obtains the victory in every battle', MR 54.7 . ro chindsetar ar mnáib Eirenn a ndruineachus, Acall. 7311 . co ro cinnset a ccoimhrith foraiph (of horses racing), BNnÉ 325.32 . ra chind ar a chomdinib / im gáis im gasced im gart, TFerbe 641 . ri caisil do chínd os cach, BB 270a16 . Caiseal do chind os gach cind, 19. dochinn . . . tar gach aon, IT ii2 151.770 . ro chinned . . . dar triath bhuidnib togaidi in talman, MR 114.y . don chia rocing tar gach māl (.i. don fer do chēimnig tar gach file), ZCP v 489 § 13 (B. na f.).

n o, [n. ?], later also ā, f. (com + delg ?). Also cu-.

(a) contract, covenant : cacha críche condelg `to every territory its covenant', Celtica vi 237 ( Laws iv 50.12 ) = cach crich a c.¤ , ACL iii 226.2 (incorrectly O'Dav. 517 ). cuindelg .i. cumaid nó aonta brathar . . . a fer condeilge `the other party to the agreement'(?), O'Dav. 482 . O'Mulc. 275 . la M.D. nad charad cuindeilg (: Muindeirgg), LL 23643 . nocon ḟuil eneclann dóib no co ndernat c.¤ , O'D. 1372 (E iii 52 25b). condelg dligthech . . . c.¤ indligthech, O'Curry 402 ( H 3.18, 223b ). fer condilc fír, Trip.² 2471 . condelg n-ága (cheville), TBC-LL² 404 . iter dis na coindeilge, O'Curry 402 ( H 3.18, 223b ). coindealg .i. tacra no comdeoliugha[d] no comradh [ut est] gle is fiu cosmail condelg mberla `like a covenant in the law-language', O'Dav. 352 . fofand .i. fo-bend i condiulc bend muchnae, O'Mulc. 550 . for-fi a ccondilc 'he completed their partnership' ZCP xxvii 72 (coindelg refers here to an agreement among co-heirs to hold their inheritance in common with right of survivorship, whereby the last survivor takes everything).

(b) counsel, advice : coindealg comairle, Metr. Gl. Ff. 10 . O'Cl. tar coindeilg mbretheaman, O'Curry 1607 ( 23 Q 6, 5 a ). contúaset . . . uli a condelg `counsel', BDD 114 .

(c) comparison, gramm. comparative degree: dodenom condeilgg and gl. rationabilius, Sg. 42a4 . húare bís ɔṅdelgg indib gl. non absolute, 45a9 . .11 . in chondealg lasin Laitneoir `comparison', Auraic. 668 . condelg ceille . . . ┐ condelg suin, 698 . a ngrad condeilg `the comparative degree', 639 . co ra lín a chlú ┐ a chondelg . . . fon Éoraib uile, LL 31834 `the comparing of him', TTr. 1022 . With follg. prep. FRI: niáil dún ar condelc friú `to compare ourselves with them', Wb. 17b9 . cen a chondelg fri nech gl. pro positiuo possitus, Sg. 42a6 . na caemnactar . . . ríg ná rígdomnai . . . condelg na cutrummus fris, LL 31833 (TTr.). With gen.: hi coindeilc in gotho `in comparison with', Sg. 3b1 (see note). hi coindeulgg inna innsce óge, 25b2 . a coinnilg ferb nDē, Corm. Y 584 . am choinneilg, O'Curry 1300 ( H 3.18, 539b ). i condiulc in maithiusa, Trip.² 2108 . i condiulg na cetesergi, LU 2717 . i fégad ┐ i coṅdiulg cech dána, PH 5450 .

(d) conjunction: conndelg ┐ (pro)nomen ┐ briathar 'conjunction and (pro)noun and verb' Stud. Celt. xiv/xv 16 .