v (* ad-fiad-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 518 . GOI p. 520 . See also in(d)-fét). Indic. pres. 1 s. adfediu, LL 662 . adfiadu , CCath. 4518 . adféidim (: Erinn), LL 513 . 2 s. adonfedi, BB 498b35 . 3 s. adfeit, Ml. 111c4 . adfét, 62a6 , 87d1 ; Sg. 18a1 , 103a1 . adfet, Ml. 99d9 . adfiad, SR 2518 . adféidend (: Ērenn), ZCP xiv 178.5 . In rel. clause with inf. pron. asidfet, LU 3626 ( SCC § 31 ). 1 pl. adfiadam, Ml. 14d10 . In rel. clause with inf. pron. asṅdafiadam, 93d14 . adfēdem (: Erenn), LL 6292 . With depon. ending adfiadhamar, CCath. 2263 . 2 pl. adfédid, Snedg. u. Mac R 14.7 . 3 pl. adfiadat, Wb. 28c23 ; Ml. 51d2 . adfethet, Metr. Dinds. iii 410.1 . atfetet, TTr.² 346 . as-fiadat, IT i 137.22 . Pass. sg. adfiadar, Wb. 18c8 ; Ml. 128a15 ; Sg. 74b8 . ad-iadar (rel.), Wb. 27a10 . adfedar, RC xvi 83 § 130 . Pl. adfiadatar, Ml. 23a13 . Indic. impf. 3 s. adfethed, Rawl. 84a20 . adféded, IT i 74.16 . Ipv. 2 s. attafeid, ZCP xiii 372.26 .

Subj. pres. 3 s. adf, H 1.18, 23 b (cited ZCP xviii 318 ). adféta, TBC-LL¹ 1764 (or fut.?); Metr. Dinds. iv 284.5 . With perfective -com-: 1 s. atchous, Tec. Corm. § 2.3 . 2 s. at-coïs (ad-coois, atchois v.l.) Fél. Prol. 182 . ad-cois, Imr. Brain ii 286 (see Celtica v 135 , vi 126 ). 3 s. rel. with inf. pron. asidchói, Metr. Dinds. ii 24.96 . Pass. pl. ad-cæstar, Bürgschaft § 59 . Subj. impf. 3 s. adfeissed, Hail Brigit § 21 . ? atcoad, LU 3323 ( SCC § 11 ). ? atchosse[d], 5616 ( TBC-I¹ 1136 ). Fut. 1 s. ad-fias-[s]a, SR 1785 . adfias, Metr. Dinds. iii 112.21 . addéos, LL 462 . addíus, Lec. 13rb4 . -adius, 11rb47 . With deponent ending ad-fiassar-sa, Anecd. ii 43.5 . ad-fessar, Trip.² 2628 . adfesar, Ériu iv 152 § 33 . 3 s. ad-fii, Imr. Brain 52 . adfí, ii 285.25 . itfe, Laud 610 , fo. 12b (Plummer MS notes). 1 pl. adfessam, LL 1461 . Pass. sg. adfíastar, LU 3514 ( SCC § 28 ). Condit. 3 s. atfesedh, Ériu ii 126 § 81 .

Pret. and perf. (on the pret. forms see GOI 430 ). 3 s. at fiad, Gael. 50, 123 ( Blathm. 73 ). adfíadar, LU 3454 (SC § 23). adfiadar (rel.), 3436 (§ 20). rod fét, TBC-LL¹ 5670 (St.). 1 pl. atfiadhamar, CCath. 2263 . 3 pl. adfiadatar, RC xi 442 § 5 . adfétaiter, MU² 818 . adfedsat, Fl. Earls 118.23 . Pass. sg. adfes, Mon. Tall. 141.5 (§ 34) . Pl. ad-fessa , TBC-I¹ 331 . adféta, TBC-LL¹ 866 . See adbas. With perfective -com- 1 s. adchoad, Arch. Hib. ii 74.68 . 3 s. adcuaid, Wb. 21d11 ; Ml. 65a1 . adchuiaid, Ml. 123d4 . adcuid, Ml. 110c5 ; 126b2 . itcuaid, Alex. 491 . rachuaid, LL 219b19 ( TTr. 182 ). 1 pl. adchuadamar, LU 19 . adcóidemmar, Sg. 43a6 . at choidemar , Gael. 50, 129 ( Blathm. 370 ). adcuademar, Trip.² 3095 . atchuamar, BB 38a15 . 3 pl. adcuadatar, RC iii 346.1 . atchúidetar, Trip.² 634 . atchuatettar, 928 . atcuatar, PH 3775 . Pass. sg. atchuas, IT i 76.12 . adcuas, Cog. 98.3 . atcóas, TBC-I¹ 1162 . adchoas, LL 245b25 . adcos, CS 8.24 . hitcós, Alex. 159 . racuas, TBC-LL¹ 4591 . rachoas, TFrag. 62.8 .

With substitution of prefix do- for ad-: Indic. pres. 2 s. dofedisiu, LB 211b48 ( dofeidiusu, Anecd. v 5.4 .). 3 s. dofet, Lec. 31ra29 . dofeid (.i. aisnéidh), Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 22 § 1 (cf. do-fed) ( LL 393a52 ). 3 pl. dofedat, Rawl. 69a35 . Subj. 3 s. (or fut.?) dos-féta, TBC-LL¹ 1773 . Perf. 3 s. dochúaid, TBC-LL¹ 5034 . Pass. docuas, CRR § 17 .

For forms apparently due to conflation of ad-fét and do-adbat see do-adbat, and also árfas, ar-fét .

Tells, relates (DI of, DO to): o adcuaid rúin ícce in cheneli dóine, Wb. 21d11 . senchassa rechta adfiadat sáibapstil, 28c23 . a n-adiadar di crist, 27a10 . is ed adfet a legend, Ml. 84d4 . manip ecoir frisin stoir ad-fiadam-ni, 14d10 . adfiadar . . . airechas du thabairt do macc, 128a15 . iarsindí adcuaidsom di neuch, 65a1 . ciasu du duaid adfiadar isin titul though mention is made of David in the title(?), 72d9 . ní etarscarad comsuidigthi file and huare is fo oen (sic leg.) aicciund adfiadar `since it is pronounced under a single accent' (is described as having?), Sg. 74b8 . is airi adfét de `therefore he discourses of it', 18a1 . adfii rúna `he will make known', Imr. Brain 52 . inbat la comorbu cuimne cen ogom i n-ailcib . . . ci ad-caestar, cia for curu sen siastar `when heirs have (only) memories without ogom on stones . . . although these (i.e. their memories) have been proclaimed how shall the contracts of the deceased be enforced? Bürgschaft § 59 (see Ériu xi 155 , xii 207 ). adfiasa duit cen bréc ṁbrais / . . . / féib leir donralad do nim, SR 1785 . ? in breth berar adbia do dia tigh, O'D. 518 ( H 3.17, 420 -1). atdius dāib a n-aicned fīr / in[n]a nder . . . I will tell you the true nature of tears, ZCP vii 299.14 . iarsin gním adchuáid Fergus, LU 4974 (TBC). adfeta don mac sin scéla na maccáem, LL 8308 (TBC. = o'tt-chuala an mac . . . scéla, Stowe 776). ros bīadh mōr do scēlaib atfesedh manus-beth tenga dia rēlad, Ériu ii 126 § 81 . dothiasar fair ma atchosse nech dúib, LU 5616 = ma atchoise, TBC-I¹ 1136 (?read atchoí or atchoised) it will be a subject of conversation if anyone tells it to you(?). o 'tcuas d'feraib Eirenn marbadh na mbeo, Laws i 14.16 . maso amnne adonfedi if it be thus thou relatest to us, BB 498b35 = dofedi, LB 211b48 ( doedi, Alex. 920 ). adfét a aithesc, LL 12698 . adfét dóib uli amal atchonnairc, LU 3332 ( SCC § 12 ). addíusa dúib . . . écta Guill, LL 204a34 . adfias (atcías, v.l.) dúib . . . a senchas, Metr. Dinds. iii 112.1 . mat cias (?read ma'tcúas or ma'tcess, edd.) a maith `if his virtue was reported', Mon. Tall. 141.27 (§ 36) . adcós úaim duib I have told you, CS 8.y . is ann . . . atfiadar lith ┐ sollamain inti noem C. i mi nouimbir `is celebrated', Fen. 6.5 . adfess forru corbo miscais leo a cheile it was told of them(?), SG 51.27 . amail adfedar ar Macgnimarthaib C. as is related in(?) RC xvi 83 § 130 = atfegar, BB 410a29 . eos no adéos .i. sloinnfeadh no inneosad, O'Cl.

(d s. of 2 áe?). In phrase ar aí, and with demonstr. ar aí sin, araide (resolved by Zimmer, KZ xxx 5 ff. , as: ar a aí sin (the possessive is written only in late exx.), ar a aí side. Cf. ar apa, ar apaide s.v. 1 apa). Note the alliteration in: ba rogarb araí in robud, Metr. Dinds. iv 250.63 .

I As prep. phrase folld. by gen. or by verbal clause.

(a) on account of, because of: arái na feli Caindich `on account of Caindech's feast-day', Mon. Tall. 135.8 . enech cóicid do brith . . . araí óenḟir, LU 9209 ( FB 94 ). cíarbo dú dogra don tír / ar ái in ríg-sin sech cach ríg?, Metr. Dinds. iii 200.6 . ar aoi dioghla m'amghaire because I had avenged the ill-treatment I had received, Duan. F. i 86.26 . ar aoi an éinpheacaidh, DDána 20.12 . ar aoi clóghuine an Choimdheadh, 46.15 . ger bhó hoirdearc Sean mac cuinn . . . ar aoí a ccoccadh friSaxoibh , AFM v 1748.5 . madh ar máise (: báise) for my sake, ACL iii 295 § 16 . ronnassa secht qumala for in mbantrebtaich . . . ar ae tect il-lu[b]gort Gūaire, 1.11 . araí beith can bíad oentráth, RC vii 300.168 . ni haire ro-raid in t-aingel so ar-ái co mad i nGalilee toisech atcifitís a apstail Ísu `on account of its being in G. first that the apostles would see Jesus', PH 3416 . ar aoi a héiginsi d'fhurtacht, `for helping her necessity', Studies 1921, 75 § 18 . ar aoi ar fhuluing ar ar son on account of what he suffered for our sake, Desid. 6256 . araoi sin cuirit . . . for that reason, Fl. Earls 120.13 . co nar bo h-áil dóibh dol i n-imcheine on mbaile ar a aoídhi, AFM vi 2212.9 .

(b) as regards, in the matter of: is adbur rig arái delbha, Sc.M² § 14R . ni frith díb oenfer foleith / folilsad arái ṅgaisc[e]id, SR 5776 . a Capadóic dó ar-ái chineoil, PH 1124 . ni dlegad som arai dleastanuis sin `as regards legal right they are not entitled thereto', RC xxiv 186.20 . gidh im bhocht ar áoi mbiorair though I am poor as regards watercress, BS 86.14 (§ 43) . Aodh ba sóamh díobh ar aoí n-aoisi gion gurbhó hé ar aoí n-oirbertais, AFM vi 1916.7 . cidh daíne ar ai fhuatha is [anm]anna indligthecha ar aí n-ecna `for though men in form they are brutish beasts in intelligence', Stair Erc. 1311 . In dates: i n-oct kalaind Mái ar-ái lathi mís greni in the matter of the day of the month, PH 1106 . for-ái lathi mís grene,—inand ón ┐ ar-ái lathi sechtmaine is-in bliadain hi-tám, 6920 .

(c) for the sake of, for: ar ái oenḟer (n-aoinfir, v.l.) d'imchomét, TBC-LL¹ 1674 .

II As adv. with adversative force nevertheless, however: nad biu-sa resna sluagaib ní ba siriu, bar F. . . . dessid F. riasna sluagaib arái, TBC-LL¹ 496 . ┐ arai fessa dam mo thustidi féin nevertheless let me know (who were) my own parents, LU 1682 . ranic tra co ham tuismeda di ┐ arai nir scuir dind fhognam, RC xxiv 190.11 . tugad dise hé . . . ┐ aráoi ni móite fuair-siom sláinte, TTebe 807 . arai som dano dofocrait cath for Eochaid in spite of that, LL 14402 . tangatar . . . ina aghaidh, ar a aoi ni ró chumhaingset ní dhó, AFM iii 88.11 . bátar acc folmaise a bfobartha . . . ara aoí ní dheirgensat `but, however they did not do so', vi 1884.14 . arái sin ní théit immach, TBC-LL¹ 198 . arái sein barroega F., 4413 . ar-aí sin ra érig Crom D., MU² 504 . arai sin tra roshantaigh imon comairli . . . do dhenum, Aen. 779 . fairend . . . dogníat trócaire . . . ┐ biit araíde i llaxai, LU 2195 ( FA 27 ). ro chuindig ceat a athar ┐ ni tharut dí. Araide dochuaid si cen chetugud dó, IT i 40.8 . araide batar sonairte seom, 74.19 . robæ dano comēt leisseom ar inn ingin. ┐ araide rostoirrchestar quidam vir nobilis , Rawl. 147a44 . adlesc-som aráide do dhul i ndíthrub, PH 4743 .

Note also (as conj.): araíde nocha herbartha-su, lest you say, Alex. 828 = araba, Anecd. v 2.9 . See also Bard. Synt. Tr. 17.27ff.

n f. in later lang. (Lat. abyssus, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. i 202 . Form with long-i < AN abis Risk 72 , Ériu xxxiv 66 n. 139 ).

abyss: amal abis ┐ amal fudumain, Ml. 55d11 . is samlid insin rodaingnigestar Dia imna abissiu, 51d8 . no bidís . . . dorchata dluithi for dreich na haibhísi, (super faciem abyssi, Gen. i 2 ), BB 15a41 . abís in mara timchellas in talmain sin, LU 2724 . ind abís mor i'n ro inclannad dliged circuil, gloss on circulus abyssi, Lib. Hymn. 76 gl. 69 . ro-chraithit fothada na haibesi, PH 35 . Fig. in a.¤ (aibheiss v.l.) fesa (of a person), CCath. 4491 . a.¤ fessa (of the mind), PH 6816 .

n f. a s. aidid, Trip.² 2658 . aeded, 2301 . aidid, LU 4379 , 8263 ; SR 3407 . g s. ? aitti, ZCP xii 238 § 65 . aideda, Laws i 68.17 Comm. d s. aidhidh (: ailicch), Gael. 50 , 126 ( Blathm. 247 ). n p. aideda, IT iii 16 § 38 . aitte, Metr. Dinds. iii 20.265 . oitte, LL 189b54 . d p. aidedaib, LL 14065 . oighidh f. (g s. and n p. oighidha), IGT Decl. § 149 . oighedh m. (g s. and n p. oighidh), § 11 . Also spelt aiged, oided, oiged and later oide. Perh. vn. of ad-etha, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 514 (but see Marstrander, Lochlann ii 206 ). See also Vendr. Lex.

(a) violent death: lodar in dā tharb tar Bricrind . . . combo marb de: is i aigid Bricrinn sin, TBC-I¹ 3656 . a.¤ Con na Cerda inso la Coinculaind, TBC-LL¹ 954 . a.¤ Muirchertaig na mod / guin is bādud is loscod, Rawl. 163a14 . conid i adhaigh iarla Hamtuir sin, ZCP vi 275.25 . acsin a n-oidid éicin / chloinde crōda Cennēidig, viii 120 § 8 . ba hecsamla a n-aideda, TTebe 3546 . tug aithne ar oighidh Ailella Find, Celt. Rev. iv 108.15 . d'éis a oidheadha, Dán Dé xx 32 . do scelaibh Ceassra et a muintire, et dia noidheadaibh, Leb. Gab.(i) 16.2 . go madh oigheadh gach áladh `mortal', ML 120.31 . cen mna d'écaib de banaidid so that no woman dies in childbirth, LL 2524 . Freq. with bás, écc: airdena báis ┐ éca ┐ aideda, TBC-LL¹ 1237 . bás ┐ a.¤ ┐ airlech, 429 . ag furnaidhe a écca ┐ a oidhedha BNnÉ 265 § 228 . gur bho maisi lais a écc ┐ a oittheadh, AFM v 1612.20 .

Of the slaughter of animals (as oppd. to death by disease): aidhid frisi (sic leg.) nalar, Laws ii 238.13 = ZCP xiv 347 § 8 . cidh be aighaigh . . . beirus iat, ii 170.17 Comm. cid be aduigh . . . rucustur é cinmotha galur bunuid, 314.38 Comm. Of loss or destruction of inanimate(?) things: rofitir . . . comad conuir do aidhe[d] (dia n-aidhedh, do dith v.l.) na haithne `a path to the loss of the deposit', Laws v 160.8 Comm.

In various phrases. fo-gaib (do-gaib) a.¤ dies a violent death: fuair Cormac aidid hi Tig Cletig, LU 4379 . sochaide 'sa hoidid ūair / ō chloidem chrūaid choimeltach, Bruchst. i 19 § 39 ( IT iii 12 § 18 ). in aidhed do fuair sin letsa bid sí sin aidhed do gébasa, SG 73.y . dogebad sib bas ┐ a.¤ lim-sa, CRR § 46 . do brígh in oighid do fúair, IGT Decl. ex. 365 . do-beir a.¤ for: issi in aiged rob ail dosum tucad air, Laws iii 484.14 Comm. gurub í oidhid doradad fair, Marco P. 65 . téit (do-téit) (i n-) a.¤: no regad i n-aidid that he would come to a violent end, Trip.² 2658 . na tiastais aidid ṅgorta, SR 3407 . ni ragha do chomharba . . . aidheadh ngona, Lism. L. 465 . ?regaid éc aitti iarsein di cretair creissin hi Temuir, ZCP xii 238 § 65 (Baile in Scáil). ?fo-ceird a.¤ for: is hé rolá a aidi ar Lupaitt (a aidi om., R.), Trip.² 2782 . As the title of a class of stories : aidheda ┐ airgne, Laws i 46.5 Comm. aitte, oirgne, aidbse cheóil, Metr. Dinds. iii 20.265 . oitte (.i. báis) ┐ fessa ┐ forbassa, LL 189b54 .

(b) With obj. gen. act of killing: co folmastar cach díb aidid a chéle isin tig they came near to killing one another, LU 8263 ( FB 20 ). occa n-oidheadh ┐ occa n-airleach, AFM v 1758.4 . sinn féin d'oighidh ar n-athar, Aithd. D. 59.13 . do-gní a.¤ x kills x: co ro-dergenset a a.¤ , Dinds. 144 (RC xvi 156).

(c) In more general sense (unpleasant) fate, plight: ni hi seo æidid rofælius-[s]a ort . . . t'aithni dot aileamain . . . do mnui meblaig, TTebe 2233 . nir bo demin leo a a.¤ inn fhir sin what had happened to that man, 2964 . is and robāidead Aenias . . . masī a oigead a bādud if he did in fact die by drowning, ZCP xii 376.13 . ni fetar-sa a oidigh o sin amach what happened to him afterwards, Ann. Conn. 1411.28 .

n = amainse: oc foglaim druidechta ┐ fessa ┐ fastini ┐ amainsechta skill in magic, LL 1051 ( RC xii 56 § 1 ). co sluaghaibh draoidheachta ┐ amhainseachta, Leb. Gab.(i) 250.23 .

n [ā, f.]

(a) profession or activity of an ammait; witchcraft, evil influence, etc.; rofoghluinnset na hingina fessa ┐ duile ┐ amaidecht (.i. glicus), Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. ii 15. 15 . tri amaidecht ingeine Ulcain, ZCP xii 375.3 . ba heolach sidhe an cach ceird draidechta ┐ aimidechta (of a woman), RC xxiv 176.12 . batar Tuathai De Danonn aig foglaim . . . druidechtai ┐ amaidechtai, RC xii 56 § 1 . dogensa . . . etir caemslecht ┐ admilliud ┐ amaidichtai, 92 § 119 (said by the Dagda). As quasi-Vn.: banaimiti íatside nóbíth ag aimitecht ┐ ag aidmilled mac mbeg, Cóir Anm. 54 .

(b) foolishness: lán . . . d'aimidecht `folly' (of the body), RC xxiii 10.2 . fanmhuin ina dhíthchreideamh ┐ ina amaideacht (of a profane scoffer), Eochairsg. 88.39 .

n o, m. (brecht)

(a) butter, fat, relish spread on bread: b.¤ uirimme `a roll of fresh butter', Hib. Min. 49.22 . brechtān aníss ┐ anúass dó `a roll of bread buttered below as well as on the top', BColm. 84.7 . meic brechtāin `son of curds', MacCongl. 33.16 . a dí ersaind bocai brechtāin / a leibend do gruth `of custard', 67.22 . Brechtān fo Mil `Honeyed Butter-roll', 79.4 . teora bairgina . . . cona nannlunn brechtáin (sic leg.) of a spreading of butter, Laws iv 118.7 Comm. breachtan .i. cruithneacht, ┐ fos im úr, O'Cl.

(b) body-hair: b.¤ .i. finda an ḟéssa íchtaraich, Harl. 5280, 41a, cited Contribb. 252.

n u and o, m. (cáid) g s. cádhusa, Corm. Y 1250 . cádhais, DDána 101.42 . Also cáidius. cáthus, ZCP viii 195.9 .

(a) honour, reverence : co cadius cainol roclos / con ainius, SR 973 . noco tarat . . . c.¤ do epscop, LL 6879 . is cubaid c.¤ doside, Rawl. B 512 (Plummer MS. notes). bid deochain . . . co cádhus sacairt, BColm. 32.3 . comméitt cadhais íatt aráon, BNnÉ 256 § 214 . eochair chádhais cennacht (cennsacht, v.l.), ZCP vi 270 § 5 . congbail in cadusa, CCath. 803 . fúaratar c.¤ mōr ┐ anóir ic Rōim, BColm. 80.13 . lā cádhusa ┐ anóra móire dona firénachaib (of day of Judgment), RC xxviii 316 § 25 . c.¤ don aes grāid / a n-árus dod réir, KMMisc. 264 § 20 . modh cádhais don arsaidheacht, TSh. 8544 . cadus cathrach metrapoile bui forri, PH 46 . Attrib. g s. luc[h]t cadais ┐ ceimend n-onorach, CCath. 5996 . for fleadaibh fessa / triur cadaís fri gnathlessa (of attendants on poets), BB 333a10 . o thriath na cceimenn ccadais (of the Pope), BNnÉ 283 § 270 . fer toga ┐ cadusa moir do Dia, LB 139b5 . nā togh fēin duit inad cādhuis / um thrāth cota, ZCP vi 272 § 6 .

(b) protection sanctuary : iad ar cádhus Hi Conchobair Dhuinn `whilst they were under the protection of O'C. D.', ALC ii 366.1 . fear na tucc cadhus nó termann do thuaith ná d'eacclais, AFM iv 818.1 . mar aón chadhas, ┐ mar aón tearmand duínn `as our only stay and refuge', Carswell 186.4 . comad ch.¤ ar cach ngúasacht, BColm. 96.10 . árus ba dún ba dindgna / ba c.¤ , Metr. Dinds. i 6.10 . dún no daingen . . . ceall no cadhas no neimhedh, Cog. 114.24 . a ccella cadais ┐ a neimhedha, 40.25 ; 138.20 . cáid ┐ c.¤ a Cades (Kadesh) dicta est .i. caithir dína ataig i ndesciurt treue Iuda, Fél.² xxxiii § 4 .

(c) esteem affection : in cadus mor bai la c.¤ for conaib, Ériu xvi 84.103 . cádhas ┐ cion . . . air, TSh. 2742 . mallacht a chadhois ┐ a cumoinn fair, ZCP x 278.20 .

n (clár) small board; hornbook : gan colt for crib ceirnine .i. gan biadh go luath ar mheisínibh no ar chláirínibh `small tables', O'Cl. s.v. cernine. re haghaidh leanabh air a gc.¤ `hornbook' (Gloss.), Donlevy iv 8 . Fig. for clareun mbise .i. deidhi .i. clar dá les .i. in locc asa teid a naidhe .i. in maclog, RC xxvi 28.109 v.l. (for clar find fessa , text). `clárén bise the little board of the womb, the placenta?', Stokes Gloss.

I As adj. o, ā. sure, certain, fixed, determinate: nipi fírd.¤ a n-adchither tri themel, Wb. 12c12 . ni ssluindi . . . aimsir deirb, Sg. 66b18 . do slund aimsire deirbbæ, 15 . dofoirṅde persain deirb a determinate person, 72a1 . nídad fessa ┐ nídad derba scela ┐ senchasa fher nErenn conigi Cimbaeth, MacCarthy 280.27 ( BB 9b21 ). bás d.¤ aimser inderb, LL 371a12 . gnim d.¤ a certain fact, Metr. Dinds. iii 376.6 . dá bráthair derbha `two own brothers' (= dá derbráthair), CCath. 2050 . Sure, steady, firm: hi tempul d.¤ dímais, Fél. Feb. 2 . Of persons: Findlug d.¤ , ib. Jan. 3 . Compar. indad fil slondudh bas derbu have you any more exact appellation? TBC-I¹ 1120(LU). With cop. in asseverations, absol. or folld. by clause (generally direct): is d.¤ is fír on, Wb. 25d10 . is d.¤ ni biaidh ith i n-úir, ZCP viii 111.25 . is d.¤ nacha-t-acut, PH 4663 . With cop. omitted: dearbh as misi Suibhne, BS 38.17 . d.¤ na celtar in comlund, LL 199b10 (Met. Dinds. iv 24.22). is d.¤ limm I am (feel) sure , gl. spero, Wb. 14c13 . is d.¤ linn nonsoírfea, 24c18 . ní d.¤ linn . . . in senchas we are not certain as to the story, Ml. 52 . gur dhearbh leis buaidh do bhreith he felt sure of winning, TSh. 42 . is dearbh dhó bheith saor he is sure to be free, 8154 .

Adv. in deurb (gl. inquam used in asreveration), Ml. 18d25 , 70b2 . co d.¤ , CRR 5 .

Frequent in chevilles, with or without cop.: is d.¤ de, SR 159 . d.¤ la cach, 4889 . dearbh dhuibh, Keat. ii 440 .

II As subst. (cf. ar d.¤ gl. pro certo, Ml. 39b4 ): ata a dherbh agad nach foil trócairi fád choinne thou knowest for certain, Mac Aingil 69.6 . ni thsailim ach ag Dia a derbh | an téid oinmid a n-ifern only God knows, B. Fermoy (23 E 29) 117.23 . a n-aiccenta ┐ a nderbha their natures and characteristics, CCath. 4631 .

Compds. Used largely to form compds. of more or less stable nature.

(a) With adjs. surely, really, truly, or as mere intens. prefix: ¤deimin downright certain, CCath. 4822 . ¤dethidech circumspect: ó duthrachtaib dilsi . . . derbhdeithidecha Domnaill, MR 300.18 . Dia -dil, SR 1502 . ¤dub pitch-black , Rawl. 78b4 . ¤glan (of the Trinity), SR 7570 . ¤irisside: roba deirbhirisidhe dia thuistidhibh truly faithful, attached , Hugh Roe 4.14 (fol. 1a) . fálti -thairisi, Rawl. B 512 111a .

(b) With substantives sure, certain, reliable; genuine; own, special; freq. with words denoting kindred, etc. , with which it forms stable compds. (treated below as distinct words). ¤ḟis scéoil sure tidings, SR 1958 . ba -rēt a certainty , 2270 . in -chlann . . . is diless do Patraic, Trip. 68.9 ( Trip.² 717 ). ni gnáth -gul gan dérguba genuine grief, MR 238.21 .

With vbs. in sense of adv. really, actually: ro -dilod, Laws i 94.5 (etym. gl. on dia nderlaither, 90.z ). anī deirbcennaiges budēin 'which he "certainly purchases" himself', CB 176 § 55 gl. 3 .

n o(cf. 1 rosc) determining, defining, testing; verdict: d.¤ .i. cinded, H 3.18, 286.20 . derusc .i. derbhchinnedh exact determination, O'Dav. 712 . na desruithiu deruscaib .i. . . . inni derbcinnter, 639 . d.¤ cach fola `(the leech's) verdict on every wound', Ériu xii 32 § 41 (see pp. 68, 92). co dil no d.¤ `until judgment or decision', Laws iv 28.1 . co brith no deroscc, v 376.4 . co ro dlomtar a dearusc, 96.18 (expld. as deirbcinne, 98.5 ). iar nderuscc co nach lais in tir `after proof', iv 26.24 Comm. co nd.¤ in arslaine `the test of its recovery', 302.4 = co d.¤ (i)n-a[u]rslaine inna íarsláini `until the verdict of fore-health in his after-health', Críth G. 56 and note p. 26. achtar dloma deruisc fir foglama fessa , Rawl. 114b18 = acht ar-dloma deruisc, etc., Cóic Con. § 18 . Prob. for: acht [i]ar [n]dloma[d] deruisc after the verdict has been declared, p. 80 .

n d, m. Orig. druï, and disyll. in early poetry, cf. SR 3849 , 3858 . See GOI 43 , ZCP xi 276 , O'Brien, Ériu xi 169 . Later draí. dro, Celt. Rev. iv 112.22 . drúid, IT i 129.31 (Eg.); Lat. Lives 9.1 ; PH 1728 , 1737 . v s. drái, PH 1811 . g s. druäd (druad). d s. druïd (druíd). don dráid , PH 2122 . dia drui , IT i 129.27 . a s. druïd (druíd). drui, IT i 129.17 . n du. da druith , Wb. 30c17 . in da drúith , Ériu iii 140.185 . n p. druïd (druíd). in druid , SR 8339 . draid, PH 7059 . Later druíde ( drúidi, TBC-LL¹ 4545 ), draíde. draigthe, Ériu iii 160 § 13 (B. of Fermoy). v p. drúide, TBC-LL¹ 596 . g p. druäd (druad). d p. druïdib (druídib). drudib, LU 3452 ( SCC § 23 ). draídib. a p. drúide; drúdi, LU 4026 ( SCC § 48 ). In later lang. draoi, pl. draoithe; the older forms, esp. gs. and gp., persist in poetry and are oft. used in juxtaposition with the later, apparently without difference of meaning: na ndruadh . . . na ndraoithe , Keat. Poems 798 , 800 ; druadha ┐ draoithe , O'Rah. xx 5 (1911) . draí m., IGT Decl. § 85 .

(a) In older lit. usually in techn. sense druid: Cathbad d.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 1070 . Cathbadh caomhdhraoi, 5489 (St.). co ndigsed d'acallaim a druad d'iarfaigid fessa ┐ fástini de, 191 . drúidi ┐ fádi ┐ fissidi fer nErend, 4545 . geis don ríg labrad rena druidib, 4725 (cf. TBC-I¹ 2989 , MU² 235 ). Mainchenn druid do Brettnuib, IT iii 240.156 . breitemain ┐ druid (classed as `daernemed' persons), Laws v 90.20 , with gloss .i. doniat in feth fia no in [ḟ]aisdinecht, 27 . a druid fri Lóegaire tichtu Phatraic ní ceiltis, Hy. ii 21 . amail rusgellsad draide ┐ degfāidi, RC xiii 222.10 . rotecht druidhe ┐ tinchitlidi doairchaintis trena ndruidecht, Lat. Lives 2.4 . fri brichtu ban ┐ gobann ┐ druad, Hy. vii 54 ( Thes. ii 357 ). tri druid Dagda, Ériu vii 221.5 . draoi ré hiodhbarta do dhéanamh ┐ ré tuar maitheasa nó uilc don chrích, Keat. ii 5332 (in Christian times replaced by an `anmchara', 5345 ). Distinguished from `corrguinigh', RC xii 90 (the latter bewitched the bodily functions of the hostile warriors, the `druíd' induced natural phenomena). They appear among the damned on Doomsday, SR 8339 . Attrib. g s. and g p.: do thonach drúad-su thy druid's tunic, Trip.² 586 . gaeth druad , Lec. 28b6 ; Leb. Gab.(i) 256.4 . erbe druad, AU 560 (see 1 airbe). bandrúi druidess: Bais bandruadh (one of the `aés síde'), ZCP viii 104.23 . tri ferdruid ┐ tri bandrúid, TBC-LL¹ 2402 = di (leg. tri) drúid ┐ a teóra mná, TBC-I¹ 1767 (LU). bandrai ┐ bancumachtach mē, ZCP xii 252.14 .

(b) magician, wizard or diviner in general, oft. used of equivalent of the druid in non-Celtic peoples. In religious lit. d.¤ corresponds to Lat. magus: dogéna sáibfirtu . . . amal dondrigensat druid triitsom (of Antichrist), Wb. 26a20 . ticdis a ndrúide ┐ a n-óga coisecartha (of heathens), PH 335 . soebforcetul Simóin in druad, 1736 . drai Cruithnech, Lec. 31a7 . seisear demnach druadh (of Picts), Todd Nenn. 144 . da druith aegeptacdi, Wb. 30c17 , cf. SR 3849 . na druidhe egeptaca, Laws i 20.21 Comm. na dráide Indecdai (of the Magi), PH 2838 , cf. 6931 , 7050 . in rétla resna drūithibh | o hiart[h]ur domain, ZCP v 25 § 13 ; Ériu ii 198.20 ; TSh. 7683 . draide farsaide ` magicians of the Pharisees' (rather doctors, wise men ), PH 2256 . faidhis Cublay a draidhe uadha dia fhis in soinmigi no doinmhigi nobhiath dó, Marco P. 58 . Applied by heathens to Christian thaumaturgists: no démnigitís co mba drái Petar, PH 1738 . rocreit don dráid robris ar n-ídlu (of Bartholomew), 2122 . ? In cheville: derb druad, SR 6777 . In good sense: is e mo drai Crist mac De, Misc. Arch. Soc. i 6.2 . is é mo drái ní méra | mac Dé, SG 79.24 . draoi a charmer , Eg. Gl. 369 . guth na ndruagh the voice of the charmers, Psalms lviii 5 . Transf. of a wren (?): drúi donn, K. and H. 26 (for the wren's association with divination see dreän).

Somet. confused with drúth jester: tánic in drúth . . . i n-uch[t] in druad, ZCP iii 218 § 37 . Cf. Metr. Dinds. i 26.178 , where drúithib is coupled with furseoirib in some MSS.; ZCP iii 262.30 : a tri druid (drude, LU 10547 ) dēnmo glām ngēr (leg. druith ?); xiii 350 where gen. Druith Cosalaig, l 3 = in druad , 1.5 .

(c) In mod. lit. esp. poetry usually poet, learned man: primh-drūith ┐ primh-ollamh Connacht, AFM 1067 . Néidhe draoi, Keat. Poems 116 . grianán dáimhe is draoithe, 1483 ; cf. 757 . Ériu iv 56.62 , Content. xxv 6 , O'Rah. xx 5 , Hackett xix 26 .

As n.pr. m. g s. mic Druadh , ITS xv 45.18 = m. Druaidh [Druagh, v.l.], 22.30 . In n.loc.: bellum Ratho in druadh, AU 595 . ? tri Duib Druad, TBC-I¹ 3512 .

Compd. druaghfhile, 3 C 13, 597.14 . fo-ceird in druígoba[e] hUilc hAiche cóic cresa imdegla[e] fair 'the druid-smith' The Heroic Biography of Cormac mac Airt 121.56 .

n i, f. Usually transld. book: dul, duil a book, a codex , O'Don. Suppl. ; but seems rather applied to certain accepted or authorized lists or compilations (poetic glossaries, rhymes, kennings, genealogies) of pre-Christian origin, which were no doubt in early times memorized and handed down verbally and some of which were known by special names (see below). duil .i. lebur, O'Dav. 601 . ? áiliu dáilemain dúilib dligid 'I pray for the cupbearer with books of law', Éigse xxxvii 77 § 6 . Cf. duil .i. sluinne[d] ut est ailiu Duilem duilib dligid I entreat the Creator by the pronouncements of the Law (?), O'Dav. 667 . duili sluinnti ┐ duile feda (both allowed by S. Patrick), Laws i 44 . ar teora ferba tic so, má's fir don duil a roib `if it be true for the book in which it occurs', 68 . rofoghluimset na hingina fessa ┐ duile ┐ amaidecht (.i. glicus), Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. ii 15 ( H 3.18 601 ). duili bélrai sicut est Duil Dromma Cett, IT iii 50 . dúile feda collections of letters (? = words) CMCS xv 9 (1 dúil?): sé duili feda (part of the 10th year's course of instruction for a bard), IT iii 54 (where specimens are given). tri choecat ogham ┐ na rēmenna ┐ na duile feda (subjects comprised under the head `gramadach'), Lec. 55a35 . slisnige is dúle feda, | áera rúne romera `books of lore', Metr. Dinds. iii 20 . incipit do duilib feda na forfid lasin filid (beginning of a list of words containing Ogham diphthongs), Auraic. 5417 . anmand fid . . . amail fogabar isna duilibh feda inn-ogaim, 1199 . d.¤ sloinnte genealogical line or list: coimgne co laega laidib la genelaigib co nduilib slointib .i. genelach fer nErind, Lec. 339a9 . Oft. prefixed to geneal. lists: incipit duili sluinti na ngenelacha, Rawl. 148b30 . duil laech-ṡluinte Lagen inso sís, 128a52 . duil tsloinnti o Laidgenn m. Baircheda, LL 387a31 . isin duil sluinti Laigen, BB 369a19 . duile sloindte na nDeisi annso, 149e4 . duilti (sic) sloindti na ngenelach, 173b10 . duilti sloindti na nGaedel, Lec. 408a21 . slicht duili Flainn Dúine Gemin sunn, Harl. 5280, 45a . Certain `dúile' were distinguished by names: the D.¤ Dromma Ceta (a glossary still extant, see ACL iii 141 ), IT iii 50 (see above). D.¤ Feda mair .i. nomen libri , H 3.18, 520 . is ainm do rig isin Duil Feda Mair, Corm. Y 209 (Clithar Set), see also 257 (Calpdae), 1171 (Segon), and 1197 (Sethar). isin Duil Fedha Mair, O'Dav. 369 , 1286 . isin Duil Feada Mair, ACL iii 247 . Dúil Laithne `Liber Latiniensis', Goid. 75 ff . D. Roscadh (compiled by Cendfaelad m. Oilella), Laws iii 550 . Duil (dúil, LB) Roscadach, Corm. Y 859 ; O'Dav. 896 . Duil R., 458 , 664 .

n i (later also with prothetic f-)

I Absence: éagmais Chríost = absentia Christi TSh. 6387 . easbaidh nó éagmais na fíréandachta, 3319 . cáid cech n-écmais omne ignotum pro mirabili SCC 43 . Cf. laogh is oirdhearc éagmais whose absence is noted (?) or whose repute (i.e. knowledge by hearsay) is wonderful (?) Hackett xlix 1 .

g s. as attrib. absent: fáitti tecta uaitsiu cot chairdib écmaissi, CRR §§ 7.8 . 11.12 .

i n-é.¤ (1) absolutely: a fiadnaise...i n-ecmais in the presence (of the owner, etc. )...in his absence Laws iii 212.6 ; 278.14 Comm. a n-aididh a fer ocus a n-ecmais, ii 378. 18 ; 27 Comm.

(2) with gen. or poss.

(a) in the absence of: a n-écmais na mná = uxore absente Lat. Lives 79.1 . ina hecmais in her absence IT i 40.21 . TBC-LL¹ 817.835 . TBC-I¹ 2492 . i n-ecmais a tigerna in his master's absence Laws iii 230.19 ii 290.23 Comm. (= ZCP xiv 376 ). CCath. 2214 . bheith i bhféagmhais a chéile separated Dánta Gr. 95.4 .

(b) separated from, out of the company of: nā bít it écmais t'ḟian let not thy band be away from thee LL 297b11 = SG 365.11 . nach raibhe énuair do ló 'na hécmais, Anecd. i 79.11 . Ériu i 96.31 . ag anmain 'na éagmhais, Dán Dé vi 29 . Of place: nach mou na di trath atú ina hécmais away from it (the city) PH 1060 . Anecd. i 79.7 . ní bheitheá acht aonbhliadhain a bhféagmhais Eireann ML 36.11 . a n-oilethre a bfhecmais mo tíri, BCC § 67 . § 128 . TSh. 6041 . Similarly: bātar fri rē secht lā a n-ēcmais a corp (of temporarily disembodied spirits), ACL iii 225.1 . is fada ata Fer D. a n-egmais in comlaind ZCP x 304.11 .

(c) of things, without, deprived of, lacking (with gen. of obj.): ní dlíg læch a enecland dia mbé i n-ecmais a arm, TBC-I¹ 1671 . TBC-LL¹ 4094 . a cuirp i n-écmais a cend without heads 702 . 689 . a n-ecmais ceille codnaid `without the sense of a grown man' (of a minor) Laws v 510.22 Comm. a n-egmais mu cuind ┐ mo ceille do geallus[s]a he I was wanting my sense when I promised it ZCP x 303.23 . Aen. 902 . i n-ecmais ecnai without wisdom PH 6861 . is maith mor in almsa i n-écmais na háine eleemosyna sine ieiunio bonum est 4971 . is marb in corp indecmais in anma, 8384 . badar imda maic rig...a n-egmais a n-anma (i.e. dead, slain) RC xxiv 50 § 10 . ata (an firmamint) a n-egmuis gach uili cāil da cāilib na cethardūla without any of the properties ITS xiv 60.15 . ba dóig la C.i n-ecmais a ḟessa ┐ a eolusa, ba hí Medb bói and C. thought, in the absence of knowledge [information], that it was M. TBC-LL¹ 1561 . 2845 . 4444 (a formula, not in St). a bfegmuis t'eoluis thanagsa without thy guidance RC xxix 116.4 . Prov. phr.: boegal i n-ecmais omain, PH 3010 .

(d) lacking to (with gen. of pers. or thing deprived; in a few of the exx. cited it would be possible to take 'na é. as a stereotyped phr., absent , but this explanation is not well supported): is amlaid atracht F ... | ┐ a ech féin na láim | slán uile etir chend iss choiss | bái cach anim 'na écmais, LL 207a47 = RC vii 302 and Duan. F. i p. 30 . biaid do mind rig at egmais araen red chend, TTebe 854 . imleagan oireachais Eireann um ḟeagmais, ML 106.1 . an chundae uile do bheith 'na bhféagmhais, Maguires of F. § 90 . gach ferann da mbaoi ina n-eccmais re fedh a n-aimhreitigh all the lands which had been alienated AFM iv 868.23 . Laws iv 290.12 Comm. Maund. 130 . leth a cinn ina fegmuis, ZCP vi 53.12 . a lethbrócc ime ┐ a lethbrog eli na fecmais, BCC § 282 .

(e) apart from, i.e. other than; except; not including, besides, as well as: damad ac neoch dib i n-ecmais a chéile robeith `if it belonged to one of them independently of the other' Laws iii 126.14 Comm. budh bean ḟir at égmhuissea of another man than thou IGT, Decl. ex. 1056 . as imdha...adba aili ocon Coimdhi a n-ecmais na hindsi-seo, Lism. L. 3703. BNnÉ 234 § 153 . ba haoibhne leis oirisiumh...ann inás ingach ionadh a nErinn ina égmuis, ITS xii 36.17 . except: na plaineid uili a n-egmuis an rē except the moon ITS xiv 86.28 ; 126.2 . nach tainic...a fecmais daendachta Crist, duine bud ferr inā é, BCC § 216 . § 241 . i n-é.¤ co except that; for all that: atait siad fein neamhcumusca a n-egmais co n-abartar a mbeth cumasca even though ITS xiv 14.14 . secht cenela fichet i n-ecmais a fochenel besides their sub-tribes Rawl. 77b3 . Duan. F. i p. 16.23 . Ériu i 80.21 . AFM iii 424.4 . ma ta tech aile aice a n-ecmais in dūin sin Laws v 170.7 Comm. ITS xiv 98.8 . Keat. iii 1039 . deismirecht ar na huile dainib 'na egmuis `for all people besides himself' Laws v 214.22 Comm. nach iad Dál Riada amháin...acht dronga oile 'na n-éagmais, Keat. ii 5912 .

In ref. to a period of time: ar an satharn a n-eugmais an chorgais a Saturday outside Lent Rule of Tallaght § 72 = echdar corgus, Mon. Tall. § 22 .

(f) outside, adjoining: o ná fuairsiot i fféccmais an bhaile iatt, AFM vi 1966.9 . deich mile persa...ag a ttabairt suass a ngioll ar in tig sin a ffegmuis na heguilsi ┐ innte ier n-i[n]mhedhon in that house apart from the church and in the interior of the church Fl. Earls 180.8 .

II Affectionate remembrance, longing, affection, love (?); this meaning may have arisen from the associations of écmais = absence, e.g. grád écmaise: dom shíorrún Raemonn ...tabhair cuimhniughadh géar éaghmaise is annsachta, Hackett xxxv 3 (cf. TSh. 8612 ). a pháirt damh ní áirmhim ná a aoibhe, | a éagmais ghnáith 's a ghrádh 's a dhíoghrais, ib. xxxix 19 .

n io, n. later f., rarely m. nom. ecne Wb. 7c15 . 8b3 . æcne, 8a10 . écnæ, Ml. 51b7 . ecnae O'Mulc. 361 . ecnæ, Ml. 128d9 . écna, SR 7005 (unrimed). (in, ind) ecna , PH 6862.7106 . egn, O'Gr. Cat. 556.18 . (an) eagna , Proverbs viii 1 . voc. a ḟírecnai, Hib. Min. 43.4 . gen. ecni, Sg. 2a2 . écnai (imláin), SR 7038 . ecnai (eruill) 7058 . (in(d)) ecnai , Fél. Feb. 9 . PH 6861 . Lat. Lives 110.6 . ecna, PH 3961 , etc. (na h)eagna , TSh. 1847 , etc. acc. ecne, Wb. 8a14 . æccne, 2a17 . ecnae, Ml. 89c5 . ecnai PH 7103 . egn, Ériu iii 144 § 13 , etc. dat. æcnu, Wb. 8a10 . écnu, SR 7001 . 7025 (: frecru).

I Wisdom, knowledge, enlightenment , used to render Lat. sapientia, and frequently of Divine wisdom or of spiritual knowledge, but also applied to human learning in its widest sense; of acquired knowledge ; rarely intelligence, skill (see ex. fr. ZCP xi 151 below): philosophos .i. grádhuightheoir na heagna, Keat. ii 159 . is huad cach n-ecne (gl. solo sapienti Deo) Wb. 7c15 . aní nad comnactar doíni tria n-ecne ( 1 Corinth. i 25 ) 8a14 . nad fes cid as maith no as olc...manidtarti écnae Dæ, Ml. 51b7 . ind ecna diadai PH 7106 . hi cach ceniul fis ┐ ecni (gl. in omni studio) Sg. 2a2 . éula i fiuss et æcnu (gl. oportet episcopum...esse... doctorem) Wb. 28b23 . multitudo scientiae .i. immad fessa ┐ ecna, PH 6237 . nad imradi ecna na crabad na suith, Ériu vii 138.6 . buith cen æccne (gl. non est intelligens) Wb. 2a17 . tucad roga | do Solum... | da ruc egna d'ardrogain Solomon took wisdom as his choice Ériu iii 144 § 13 . PH 3961 . SR 7005 . o rath ecna ┐ fhatsine PH 3659 . 4490 . tús na heagna omhan Dé (= initium sapientiae timor Domini) A. Ó Dálaigh xlii 1 . luid do ḟogluim ecnai cusin uasal-epscop (= sapientiam addiscens), Lat. Lives 110.6 . ACL iii 12.5 . sinnsear la fine, feabta la flaith, ecna la heclais, Laws iv 372.1 . secht ngraidh ecna dno docuisin .i. rosai ocus saidh, anruth ocus sruth do aill, ocus fursaintid, etc. 354.22 . imusfreccrat gradha ecna ocus eclasa fri gradha file ocus Féne; acht is ecna mathair cacha dana dib conid as a bais uile hebhait 356.25 . egna gan fhos | fregra abaid gan eolos `wisdom without stability' (of superficial attainments), O'Gr. Cat. 556. 18 . damad derb leis dul go grod | ...ni dingnad egna na modh | ar egla a dul don shaeghul, ZCP vii 301 . go raibhe 'na ollamh i n-eagna agus i n-eolus, Keat. ii 2059 . ná meas m'eagna ar m'óige...is sine ná m'aois m'fhoghluim, Dánfhocail § 114 . éolus...eagna knowledge...knowledge Proverbs xviii 15 . gach uile eagna all wisdom xviii 1 . Cf. iar seanchaidib na gaedilgi annso anuas.iar senchus in ecna imurro so sís, Laws i 34.24 Comm.

Of an erudite work (?): d'ēis a dhēnta sa dhīola | le Dia ag deanamh eissīogha | bhur n-egna dobeir gan bhuil | (a) fir na hegna d'iarroidh `poetry' (acquired knowledge?) ZCP x 267 § 5 = Measgra D. 179 .

pn In epithets: sruaim ṅ-ecnai (of St. Sechnall), Fél. Nov. 27 . sruaim ecna uaigh (St. Cainnech), ACL iii 220.15 . muir n-eccna (St. Colum C.) ZCP viii 197 § 13 .

In the follg. ex. the meaning is apparently understanding, intelligence>skill: anmanda mōr | co n-ecnu ōg clessa combraiss, ZCP xi 151 § 39 = Anecd. i 55.8 , see note on eagnamh and eangnamh in Gadelica i 297 n.1 (cf. ITS xxiv 149 ). Cf. co n-écnu óg, in ref. to Solomon, SR 7001 .

pn Personified: Ecna mac na trí ṅDea ṅDana, Imm. in da Th. 139 ( RC xxvi 30 ). Ergna mac Ecnai, 138 . see also cit. above fr. Laws iv 356 .

II Of persons,adj wise, enlightened ; as subst. a wise man, philosopher, sage: n s. æcne (gl. sapiens) Wb. 9c14 . 8d10 . mainba æcne lib if I be not wise in your opinion 17c10 . is and is ecne et is fissid cách, iar n-etarcnu Crist (gl. in quo sunt omnes thesauri sapientiae et scientiae) 26d25 . cith sui cid espoc cith ecna, Ériu vii 138.6 . is angel is ecna nóeb | cech óen dogní toil ind ríg | IT i 319.13 = LL 284b33 . g s. isnaib inscib...ind aecni words of the sage Cambr. 38a ( Thes. ii 246.25 ). n p. nitat æcni huili all are not wise Wb. 8a17 . act rísam nem bimmi æcni et bimmi foirbthi uili, 12c9 . d p. arnaib huilib geintib écnib (gl. Graecis opp. to barbaris) 1b6 . nech di æcnib in domuin 8b4 . Of things: is ecnae ind ord preceuptae se, Ml. 68c9 . Compar.: cenn caich...besa ecna who is wiser than he Laws iv 374.4 (see ZCP xiv 369 ).

pron. 3 s. n. (In Mid. Ir. also occasionally sed. TBC-LL¹ 938 , 1057 . LL 264b30 , etc.) it: ed ōndī ass id, O'Mulc. 370 . For the typical usages of the independent pron. see under 1 é. After the disappearance of the neut. gender from the nominal decl., the pron. ed survived in various special usages, most of which can be exemplified in O. Ir. In certain of these usages ed is replaced by é in the later lang. (cf. 1 é IX). The principal types are shown below. In Old and Mid. Ir. ed is often found independently in virtual copula sentences, as: in gaisced gebes...? ed is it...? it (is) TBC-I¹ 562 . ed ad-fedem this we relate LL 184a29 ; also in the phrr. ed ón, ednonoín (see below); apart from these, and occasional inversions, it is always accompanied by the copula.

I ed is used in referring to a statement, proposition, fact, circumstance, order, etc.:

(a) retrospective: ni hed insin ro légsid in Evangelio (gl. qui dessensiones...praeter doctrinam quam uos dedicistis, faciunt) Wb. 7b23 . inn ed insin furuar dait? nate ní ed (ref. to verba delictorum meorum) Ml. 44b10 - 11 . requiren- tibus is ed insin namma di chanoi[n] forsa trachta á qui fructus 46c14 (cf. under II (c)). is hed ón dogníithsi (gl. frater cum fratre contendit) Wb. 9c15 . 10b9 . mostairchella sūil dar sodain, ol C. Is hed ōn atchiu, ol E., TBC-I¹ 1177 . do-rat ráthachas...na ticfad...et issed ón na ra chomaill LL 299b38 . Lism. L. 391 . níom díomsach...gidh eadh aigneadh aonduine, Content. viii 27 .

(b) anticipatory (the grammatical constr. is the same as in III below): ni hed not beir i nem, cia ba loingthech (gl. non est regnum Dei in esca et potu) Wb. 6c9 . is ed dugní iarum atluchedar buidi do Dia nammmá, Ml. 128c3 . TBC-I¹ 194 . is ed dos-gní torsech...can a ríg...eturru, TBC-LL¹ 5693 . ro bui telchomrac i Muidh L....is hed ro tinol ropo immned leo an aes pende do epiltin, Mon. Tall. § 73 . Esp. with verbs of thinking or saying: is ed durumenatarsom nad fess in gním, Ml. 80b10 . is ed as doig liun...bid exaggeranter duintad a n-emfases , 89d6 . combo hed domuined cāch combo ulc[h]a, TBC-I¹ 1644 . is eadh do measadh leo, dá dtéidís..., Keat. iii 3961 . is ed asberatsom is gau dúnni inna hí adfiadam, Ml. 93d14 . 95a5 . 106d3 . issed ra raidsetar combad é C., TBC-LL¹ 2920 . 4570 . is ed adfiadut eolaig...nat boi, etc. MacCongl. 47.23 . assedh adubairt, sgrib aibidil do, BCC § 59 . Regular with an anticipated clause of the type: tol Dé do dénum: is ed inchoisecht tri sodin, coic bliadni deac do thormuch for a saigul, Ml. 16c10 . na banscála do thidecht..., is ed dofornet sin...in eclais...do thidecht, PH 3460 . is ed fodera dam cend do thócbail .i. Cailte d'ḟaicsin, Acall. 3222 . is eadh do cinneadh leis na moghaibh an rí do mharbhadh, Keat. iii 2150 . 3052 . 4477 . is eadh is indéanta dhuit neart sluagh d'ḟágbháil, 3520 . comadh ed aderdáis airgne do denum, Fianaig. 70.27 . is eadh do mheasadar iad féin do ṡaoradh, Keat. iii 5736 . Cf. III (b).

II The pred., a subst. (m., f. or pl. or phr.), is placed first and ed takes its place after the copula:

(a) ed is followed by a subst. (in this type ed would be regular in O. Ir. when the subst. was itself neut.); sē deich issed ind árim sescat, SR 756 (though here we should perhaps take ind as = i n-, and mentally supply tiagat after the pron.; cf. 754 . In similar lines, however, we have isshi ind a., iss hé an a., 744 . 558 ). dā ḟer déc bássed a lín, TBC-LL¹ 2898 (= ba he a lin, TBC-I¹ 2161 . cf. sē cēt...ba hé a lín, SR 6276 ). trí catha ba headh a líon, Keat. iii 4871 (but: is é líon táinig rí L. ann naoi míle, 2293 et pass.; see III (a) below).

(b) ed is followed by a pronoun: almsa ar neamh acus neach faī | dlaī tar in tech is ed hí, ACL iii 236 § 8 . aoinchineadh dob eadh iaidséin, TD 32.11 .

(c) ed is followed by a rel. verb (a very common type): guidhe et tomoltód ar mbáis is hed dorigénsam, Wb. 14b26 (in resp. to: ceist cid dorigénsam). in digal dombeirsom is ed inchosaig a frecndarcus the punishment which He inflicts, it is that which indicates His presence Ml. 116d3 (cf. ind fithis tēte in peccad ishí tē[te] in pian, 28c19 ). datha na flesc cotagaib | hed nobid forsna huanaib, SR 2964 . tri deich...issed tiagait hi trichait, SR 748.764 . dá cét mbliadan... | is ed ropo slán d' Abíal, 1986 . LL 307b37 . an bél dūnta as eadh budh ḟearr, IGT, Decl. ex. 1285 . cin leagha... | trúagh más eadh fadera a dul, ex. 1138 . cf. TBC-LL¹ 5039 .

Freq. in partitive expressions: issed namā fil and dind ḟīn, TBC-I¹ 1578 . co torchair .l. leis...issed romarb don tṡluag, RC iii 181 . deich fir...iss ed gebus mo chell... | d'abbaib, Acall. 5435 . is edh do bhúi a tigh mu thigerna do chornnaibh: dá chornn déc, etc., 123 . Cf. Ml. 46c14 cited under I (a) above.

(d) The emphasised predicate is an adverbial phrase: feadh mh'aoise gidh eadh ro bheinn | 'gá díol, Dán Dé xv 2 ( YBL 371b ). gidh maith le fear fuair soirbheas | ar n-uair is eadh as aimhleas, vii 2 . ar iasacht is eadh dobhir | an domhan dona daoinibh, xxii 8 . isan tegh sin... isseadh rugadh ar Slānaightheōir, Fl. Earls 110.25 . an cethramadh bliadain dēg...issedh ro gairmedh airdespog don næm sin, 100.12 . deslām fris ba hed rusgapsat 162.6 .

III The copula + ed comes first, and the pred. is a subst. (m., f. or pl.) or phr.:

(a) ed is followed by a subst. (ed would be regular here in O. Ir. when the subst. was neut., in Middle Ir. the subst. after ed is occasionally fem. or masc., but instead of ed the masc. or fem. pron. becomes regular towards the modern period): bá sed a lín tanic, deich cét, etc. TBC-LL¹ 708 (but: is é lín luid, 99 ) ba sed a llín deich cét, etc. 169 . ba hedh a lín trí naenbar, Acall. 171 (but: iss é lín tangamar, 5665 . 6923 . Keat. iii 2291 , etc.; lín is in O.Ir. both m. and n. Wb. 29a17 ; cf. Ml. 17d6 ). ba sed in chomairle ra cruthaiged leo in bantrocht da lecud immach, TBC-LL¹ 1356 . 704 . is ed comairle doróni P. ro tinolait leis a milid, etc. TTr.² 1784 . bassed a n-anmand, M. ┐ E., LL 298a42 . 264b30 . Cf. conid ed andso anmanda na n-aband: Sas, etc. TBC-LL¹ 4214 = it hē a nanmandasid, Sas, etc. TBC-I¹ 2739 .

(b) ed is followed by a rel. verb: is ed as dulem dún do engnu in stoir, Ml. 14d7 . amal as n-ed as moam serc linnai adchotadsam triar saīthar saindiles sic is ed as moam serc la Dia maicc Israhél, 92c5 . 99b5 . issed dorochar leiss.... .i. dá Roth, dá Luan, etc. TBC-I¹ 1371 . as ed tucaisi let...breth soiscela, Laws i 8.2 . conid ed tra tanic ass fuil ┐ fín, PH 674 . is edh búi ann, torc, Acall. 1555 . issed is gnathḟocul ann `tarraid Aincél tú', 6214 . táncas .. dá ḟégad gá lín dobádar ┐ is edh dobádar, trí catha, 1782 . is eadh bhíos d' airdrígh É. | luighe an chiontaigh, TD 9.21 (v.l. asé). Cf. I (b).

In such exx. as the following, ed seems loosely substituted for a pronominal prep.: cid rot imluaid? iss ed rom imluaid d'ḟoglaim ḟessa , Acall. 3354 . 3900 (the form of the reply seems influenced by such a constr. as: is dō tānac, dot cobairsi, MacCongl. 116.3 . TBC-I¹ 1594 . Cf. V, VII below). Cf. Mon. Tall. § 73 , cited under I (b).

IV ed takes the place of an adj. or adjectival phrase, or a subst. used in a generic or adjectival sense, as pred. after the copula (cf. ni hed a mét as ned a sechmadachte creui intan mbís pro cresco acht ised in tain mbís pro uideo Sg. 182b3 ): dús ind fīrcomtúd acus mad ed ón whether it be true conversion, and if so Mon. Tall. § 56 . cōir...a uachtar, ┐ is ed cid a ichtar, Corm. Y 340 . manib orba cruib...he, uair massed unless it be o.c., for if it is Laws iv 44.26 Comm. in don fine iad no nach eadh, 288.9 Comm. in cétna duine doroine Dia...ba dia dheilbh... doforsat, ┐ robad ed in cland no genfed uadh mane tarmtheissed, Ériu ii 132.5 . is fer comlainn cet esiomh ┐ nocha n-edh misi, TBC-LL¹ 3884 (St.). is brég...┐ do rachainn da suidiugudh curob edh, ZCP vi 91.5 . ni sluag...sin, acht na daire...Da mbad ed iat cid fotera na carpait fothu? MU 20 = LL 264b43 . masa méth bid ed a mac, Acall. 3500 . gaelmar Muire, a Meic na hoighi | issed thusa o techt na cli Mary is akin (to us)...and so art Thou YBL 369a22 . masa bang í, gion gurb' eadh, IGT, Decl. ex. 1117 . damadh a tigh no creittea...do ticfatis..., uair nach edh, ni ticfat, Lism. L. 355 . ní leat an teagh... 'sní headh an chlann, Ir. Monthly 1922, 386 . ni follus an claechlod sin duinne mar as edh claechlod sholu[i]s an re as is the change of the moon's light Ir. Astr. Tr. 96.29 . ní romór as edh a n-innmhus, Maund. 264 . gurab ainm d'Éirinn .. Scotia amhail is eadh Hibernia , Keat. ii 5858 . ní headh d'ogham mur as eadh do gháoidheilg, mur so :— IGT, Introd. § 49 .

Hence ed is used with copula to assent to or deny a preceding proposition or question; this becomes a stereotyped form of affirmation or denial: ní tabraid luighe ar bith acht as edh nó ni hsedh yea or nay Maund. 264 . Luc. Fid. 100 . in cotlad do A. innosa? nad ed āmh, TBC-I¹ 2478 . mad maith let...tochailter in carnn anocht. ní hed, ar C., acht tochailter amairech hé, Acall. 2061 . in a[c] comed in topuir atai? is ead am, RC xxiv 196z . in a nUltaib is áil let ferann...? ní hed um, Acall. 5756 . crét dobeir cáí ort... ┐ in ac feicail in inaid a mbid Find? issed what makes thee grieve...and is it beholding the place where F. used to be? it is that 6537 . mairg duitsiu...masa rem ṡúlibse gebes ecla tú . ní hed deṡodain, ar in rí, LL 303b17 . an ar a thruaighe...? dobheirim briathar nach eadh, Keat. iii 970 . an dom bhreithse .. thángais? is eadh, 1931 . nach le cinneamhain theagṁhaid na huilc? ní headh, Parrth. Anma 71 . Luc. Fid. 36 . an eolach thusa orra? is eadh go deimhin, Each. Iol. 56.4 .

V ed is occasionally used somewhat like amhlaidh in Mod. Ir., in introducing an assertion: ind uair ro hairimthea a tseoid iss ed do bith lán machaire Maige F. aici, Acall. 5523 . iss ed do bíth ól tri nonbur...isin chuach sin, 6007 . cech urchar doberdis cuici is ed do thecmad ar cenn meic...do lucht in tsída, 1685 . Cf. sed ba cumma cū ┐ ech ┐ dune and, TBC-I¹ 2001 .

VI Adverbially with vb. of motion, anticipating the following route, destination, etc.: issed dolotar timchell nhErenn fo tuaith, Trip. 16.14 . is ed doch[u]atar iarum la toeb in trachta Lesbetai, TTr.² 574 . issed dochoid i tir Eogain, Trip. 150.19 ; 154.24 . TTr.² 233 . issed ruc a ech inní D. co tech a ingine, Metr. Dinds. iv 304 . TBC-LL¹ 6154 . AFM ii 1150.15 . An elliptical constr.? Cf. is ed didiu leth lotar...timcill Eirenn atuaidh, Lism. L. 138 .

VII In idiomatic use with impers. subst. verb: is hed dathar dún (gl. maledicimur quod speramus in Deum viuum) `therefore we are in evil plight' Wb. 28d4 . hore nopridchim dúibsi ished dathar dom, 21c9 . is hed romboth dom (eo quod habeam in corde vos...et in defensione) 23a24 . 5b31 . is hed inso romboth dossom (gl. cum gentibus edebat) 19a9 . Cf. ced taī doib, TBC-I¹ 410 . ni nach cin aile no taid dom (gl. ego ergo inimicus vobis factus sum, verum dicens vobis?) Wb. 19d26 , and see attá.

VIII ed is also used in the following phrases: cid (gid) ed though it be, yet, however, nevertheless: rosrengtha... a ḟogaimen fo chenn. ┐ cid ed ni rochotail yet he did not sleep TBC-I¹ 2512 . cid ed ōn, 177 . Cáin Ad. 6 . ní bái immarcraid neich dib ac áraile, acht cless in gæ bulga ac C. Cid ed ón ba conganchnessach F. na agid-side even as to that, F., on the other hand, was horn-skinned TBC-LL¹ 3009 . cid hed aman, SR 7254 . Cf. gidh eadh sin, Each. Iol. 48.26 . issé sin in tres inadh...narb áil liumsa do ḟeicsin... ┐ gid ed rachat letsa ann, Acall. 2092 . LL 295a42 . robámarne ar in comrac...co rabadur ar cuirp ina cró-lintib fola, ┐ cid ed tra is sinde fa trén issin chomrac, Acall. 6495 (ar ái tra v.l.). 7168 . díon ar ṡlógh é agus gidh eadh | ar brón, a Dhé, ní dídean GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 623 . 398 . cidh bé trath dogéntaidhisi seruis do Dia...co ngébthaidhi in talam. cid edh an fedh anfuidhi an[b]ar pecaib ni fuil ecla acainne romaib, Maund. 123 . tuc [an sagart] Crimthann mar ainm air... acus gedh eadh, docondcas do Dia...nar cnesda...an t-ainmsi do beith air, BCC § 53 . Adeir Sanderus, etc., gidh eadh ní fíor an ní-se adeir Sanderus, Keat. iii 14 . do chuir teachta uaidh...'ga iarraidh orra braighde do chur chuige. gidh eadh fá hí freagra Dh. ar na teachtaibh nach tiubhradh braighde dhóibh, 4400 . 3932 . = L. autem: atáid uamha ag na sionnchaibh..., gidh eadh, ní fhuil ionadh... ag Mac an duine ( Luc. Fid. ix 58 ), TSh. 8119 .

gi edh , YBL 353b23 . 359b44 . gi eadh, 355a28 .

See also Studies 1922, 410 . TD 1.8 . Keat. iii 220 . gidh eadh bhós, TD 8.38 ; 22.15 . gidh eadh, trá, 20.3 .

Sometimes in past tense, cérb' (gérb) ed: Dia etrumsa ┐ in t-anfíren, or C., ┐ gerb ead nir ḟác in baile, LB 273b29 = SG 53.26 . In: ní thiobhra an corp cead a mhúinte | a mhacnas orm gidh eadh raibh, Dán Dé xix 6 (= YBL 393b ), gidh eadh raibh is apparently subjunct. of: is eadh atá, cf. Dán Dé xv 2 , cited u. II (d) above (the MS. a macnas may also = i m.). cip (gip, gib) ed may be used in same sense as cibé (gebé): ciped mac díb nogabad gasced, TBC-LL¹ 1089 (v.l. cibe St); but the analysis is doubtful, cf. under 1 é II (b), and see attá, 1 is.

mas(s) (massu) ed if it is, if so, well then, therefore (freq. in narrative as well as in argumentative composition; cf. massu ed béso mó a fius dúibsi (gl. tanta passi estis sine causa? si tamen sine causa) Wb. 19b11 . and also Sg. 50b13 . 88.2 . 192b7 ): is bec linne...beith duitsiu i cléir chlerig . massed, bar in file, fácbam na clercho, LL 306a31 . M. ingen Aengusa rí Ulad do tsenmathairsiu... Mass ed is ó Ultaib...tucamarne in mire ata induind, Acall. 5754 . in a nUltaib is áil let ferann...ní hed um...Mass ed, ar F., rachatsa...co hE., 5757 . 7967 . Keat. iii 1510 . 4401 . féach, a léaghthóir, bíodh gurab ar sluagh B. do bhí M. ..., maseadh do bhí do cheilg idir sé féin is L., nach táinig, etc. 4476 . ii 3803 . 3862 .

mar bud ed as it were (ironical): an tí as ionnraic, mar budh eadh who pretends to be honest Dán Dé xxii 20 = YBL 401b6 .

ní ed a mét (gl. nec tantum, non tantum, non solum Ml. 112d2a . 121b16 . 122b15 . 145d4 . Wb. 23c7 ). ní ed nammá, noc(h)on ed nammá, later ní hed amáin (replaced again by ní hé amáin, see 1 é IX (b)); in tan doberdis desmeracht asin chanoin ba hoinlebor leo in tsaltair...┐ ni edh namma dana, nach maigin in-airimther, etc. Hib. Min. 2.58 . srian muinci dergóir fria graig | ocus nocon ed nammā | turid airgit... | iss ed fil is tig hi tā SCC 31 . fil secht flaithi for a bru | ┐ nochon ead namma | fuil secht mna cach enfir dib, etc. IT ii 182.221 . is ed atbeir conid rig... ┐ ni hed nama, acht michométaid ar sapóti-ne, PH 2587 . do léigcebur...ar talam dúinne, ó nach raibi Crist aca chosnam... ┐ ní hedh amáin acht do tidhlaicc duinne é ar son [b]ar pecaidh, Maund. 123 . PH 7337 . BCC § 84 . ni hed amain rocrochsabar hē, acht a bualad ┐ a fhanámut, PH 2934 . ni hedh amáin do cuir se a cosmailes re hE. é, act do chuir se...os a chend é, BCC § 50 . § 69 . § 72 . ní headh amháin do ghabhadar na sagairt...orra féin bheith umhal...acht fós do ghabhadar na heaspuig féin orra é, Keat. iii 1349 . adubairt...go tibrad se dósan é, ┐ nach edh amháin acht go tibradh se dō gach dáil, etc. BCC § 116 . § 132 . is córaide so do chreideamhain nach eadh amháin airdeaspog Mumhan ghairthear... d'airdeaspog Caisil, acht fós go ngairthear airdeaspog Leithe Mogha uile dhe, Keat. iii 316 . Cf. cid hed aman, SR 7254 . cid ed amáin da-neth...rapo lór..., LL 241b20 .

Similarly: ní hed, ni hed sin: ni hed sin tra, acht tecait uilcc immda ele assin adaltras, PH 7783 .

ed non(n)oín (< ed inonn oín?) this has only been noted in the O. Ir. Glosses, where it renders idem and identidem; it seems to be an artificial construction, possibly an imitation of unus et idem: ed nunnoín (gl. idem in: `filium matris' idem dicit quod et `fratrem') Ml. 70d1 . ednonóen (gl. identidem) Sg. 201a11 . With neut. art.: a n-ednonóen aiccent in uilt indib `the same thing (to wit), an accent' 55b3 (see note, Thes. ii 109 , and ZCP v 8.31 ).

ed ón (rarely id ón): whether the .i. of the O. Ir. Glosses is to be so read is doubtful, in spite of the occurrence in Mid. Ir. MSS. of .i. as a compendium for edón, see Thurn., Thurn. Hdb. i p. 24 . In the Harl. copy of the O. Ir. treatise on the Psalter (Hib. Min.), however, the .i. of Rawl. B 512 is in some cases represented by ed on e.g. Rawl. B 512 ll. 195 , 435 . In Auraic. 357 (= 2731 Y) .i. is expl. by: ed un (ed on Y) .i. ed a oen erniud no ed a oen an eolaig (cf. Y). edon quasi idon .i. scyendumm . Corm. Y 571 . In later MSS. often adhon. For use of .i. see KMMisc. 102 ff.

That is, to wit , `id est': tre metur .i. (edon v.l.) metur dachtalacda, Hib. Min. 6.187 . eiligiacum metrum .i. (edon v.l.) metur eligiecda, 6.195 . dor-rime S. inni n-ali n-and .i. (edon v.l.) beatus , etc. 13.435 . 441 . áliss Pátricc Dubthach im damnae n-epscuip...idón fer soer socheniúil, Thes. ii 241.8 (= Trip. 344.9 ). dubbert P. cumtach du F. idon clocc ┐ menstir, 241.16 . gladiolus adhon sailestrach, C IV 2, 25va 6 . edera arborea adhon eigheand na crann, RC ix 231.7 . ri rogab M., edhón Feidlimid mac C., Hib. Min. 65.2 . aní léaghthar ag Daniel san seachtmadh caibidil, eadhón go bhfacaidh sé beathadhach, etc., TSh. 1024 . as an bhfocal uathadh san choisreagadh, eadhon, In nomine , O'Dowley 2.2 .

n u, o, m. IGT, Decl. § 38 .

(a) knowledge, information, esp. knowledge gained by experience or practice, acquaintance: eolus (gl. peritia) Ir. Gl. 901 . eolas .i. tuicsi iar foglaim, O'Dav. 771 . maith a n-eulas (gl. patres...certae scientiae) Ml. 63b2 . duan eulus (gl. ad notitiam) 78d5 . hí fius ┐ heulus, Sg. 209a6 . co festar cach n-eólas, IT i 224.3 . brethem cen fotha n-eoluis foundation of knowledge Laws v 354.1 . indarpaid in génntligecht eolas ┐ incongbaid aneolas, PH 721 . isse mac dian lia eolas i nErind the best-informed youth Ériu viii 156.5 . druid co mōr-eōlus, TBC-I¹ 835 . RC vi 174.7 . oc indisin eolais relating lore Ériu viii 156.11 . ardṡúi hErend eolossa, 70.90 . i n-ecmais a ḟessa ┐ a eolusa in the absence of information TBC-LL¹ 1561.2845 (eolais). ic iarfaigid fessa ┐ fastini ┐ eolais, 407 . nochon eólas óenbaile `lore not of one spot only' Metr. Dinds. iv 134.6 . immad ecna ┐ eolais, PH 3961 . itir gach eolus da nderna se and adubairt... among other information that he made known BCC § 216 . thusa aga bhfuil éolas, 1 Corinth. viii 10 . ag éisteacht ealadhan ┐ eólais ó fheallsamhnaibh feasacha foghlamtha, TSh. 247 . lucht eolais the learned O'Gr. Cat. 475.9 . TD 17.59 .

With obj. gen.: eolas laburtha, PH 5372.5490 . a mesrugud do neuch...la eolus ind fita everyone should regulate his pittance...knowing the proper amount Mon. Tall. § 63 . do-bhéaram dhuit... | eólas do ghéag ngeinealaigh, TD 30.21 .

With ar: eólas foirbhthe ar na neithibh diadha, TSh. 8538 . an mhéid d'éolus is éidir dh'faghail ar Dhia, Romans i 19 .

With i n-: sainred n-eulais leu isin dan frisgníat (gl. multa peritia) Ml. 37b12 . eolas...i ndeachaib knowledge... of metrical feet O'Dav. 771 . Cf. as mór n-iath a mbói a n-eolas, Acall. 3617 = SG 174.25 (`many were the lands in which they knew their way about' SG ii 195 ; see c).

With ellipse, as quasi-vn.: biaid sē oc scēlaib ocus oc eolas, Ériu viii 156.6 .

i n-e.¤ (neich) acquainted with: atáimsi 'na n-eolas ó aimsir mo naoidheandachta, Maguires of F. § 37 .

(b) experimental proof, experience: ar eulas (gl. experi- mentum) Ml. 97d6 . dinaib eulasaib no donaib etarcnaib (gl. de experimentis) 19d18 . ho eulassaib (gl. experimentis) 57c11 .

(c) Esp. knowledge of the way (place), guidance (cf. e): eolas dún co rísem bail atá in Dond (give) us directions TBC-LL¹ 146 . tabair eolas dam co hairm a fuilet mo mic direct me to the place TTebe 4560 . atlochar...mh' eolus dochum an glinne, Anecd. ii 23.6 . tobair foirithin eolais uisqui oraind succour in finding water TTebe 1769 . do múnud eóluis dar muncind mara...dóib to teach them the way CRR 8 . donfairni do chobair, ol C. is bec mo chumang acht eolas namma guidance LL 252a17 = ZCP iv 45.20 . in retla resna druithibh ...tuc eolas doib isan teach i rabi Crist ZCP v 25 § 13 . do gab athinni ré heolus na haidchi `to show the way through the night' TTebe 4685 . lucht eoluis guides Rel. Celt. ii 196.16 ; 206.9 . In phr. berid e.¤ co leads the way to: rucsan eólas iarum co tech rob aithnid dó remi, CCellaig² 21.663 .

Cf. bar mbeith uili d'áeneolus `of one mind' Mer. Uil. 133 = uili aeneolus , BB 446a43 . do-gní e.¤ guides, directs: mar doniatt mairnelaig...éolus leis an réltainn direct their course by the star Maund. 155 . um eólus dingmalta do dhenomh asteach sa chuan, Fl. Earls 14.11 . éolas dírech do dhénamh go purt nimhe, Mac Aingil 342.7 . treóraighe d'fhagháil ré heólas na slighe do dhéanamh dhó, TSh. 9811 .

beirid e.¤ do leads, guides: beir eolas dúinn guide us, lead us GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 283 .

beirid e.¤ ria n- leads, guides: in t-oirc peata briseas ar dus ┐ bereas eolus resin tret which first breaks through (the fence) and shows the way to the herd Laws iv 108.19 Comm. bērat eolus remut they will guide thee BColm. 28.19 .

d(o) [d(i)?] e.¤ for guidance, as guide: luidsi...┐ Mac Caille d'eolus rempe dar moin F. fo thuaith, Thes. ii 329. 39 . lotar rempu...cu Temair L., ┐ C. d'eolas rempu, MU 18.27 = LL 264b17 . cia bad chóir do eolus rempu eter na da chuiced, TBC-LL¹ 461 (do denom eoluis St). 468 . Hugh Roe 304.23 (f. 79b) . do deachator araill dhíobh do eolus lais tré Bearnas Mór, 116.16 (f. 31a) .

craobh eolais guiding branch A. Ó Dálaigh iii 7 . reulta eólais érlamh nUisnigh guiding star Studies 1919, 74 .

Cf. mar shaithe beachann gun bhech eolu[i]s , Rel. Celt. i 165.29 .

(d) a way, direction, path, opening: cen ergna n-eolais cen treóir...i tirib aneóil without knowledge of the way SR 3447 . imt[h]ig eolus ale depart in another direction BColm. 18.24 . sechain an t-eolass comcoitchenn gabus cāch docum an oilen, BCC § 233 . § 171 . dochuaid...ar athgairid eolais `by a short cut' TTebe 4617 . cia héolus no ghebhdais, Cog. 214 y . déarad gur thréig siad an t-eólus | sin síos an tslighe that they have mistaken the path, Hackett xxvi 149 . mo theagh ní hé t'eolus-sa destination A. Ó Dálaigh xlviii 6 . dorighnedh cro caeluigh uime gan conair as acht eolus a tuctha began goirt-bidh do save a way by which a little salt meat was given him Lism. L., p. 310. 10 = RC xx 420.7 . ro ghabhastair ionar...ionnas gach éolas da n-imghidh rinn chaol chruaidh-ṡnáthaide go ngabhadh dhó so that there was not so much as the point of a sharp needle might touch where it did not fit to him ML 112.1 . isteagh san eolas as fearr | ...muna seoltar sinn, A. Ó Dálaigh iii 5 , may belong to c.

Cf. dothaed rompo for eolus a ceneóil, BB 259b23 = YBL 179b38 .

(e) a place known, familiar surroundings: cían om eólus-sa crioch gusa ránag-sa far from my home BS 98.3 . an uair rangadar eolus a ccrioch fein, Rel. Celt. ii 206.9 .

(f) description by which a person (thing) is known; designation: Ser Gyi o Berbuic m'ainm ┐ m'fis ┐ m'eolus ag sluaghaibh Saxan my name and title and description ZCP vi 30.16 .

(g) secret knowledge, a prescription, spell, charm: ag bruith in neich is cain do losaib ┐ do [sic leg.] eolusuib do neoch bis a ngalur of herbs and nostrums (recipes, Laws Crit. 45 ; spells, charms? see Ériu viii 130 ) Laws i 300.15 Comm. v 260.13 Comm.

adj i (see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 490 ), in orig. sense used apparently of vision and of things visible.

(a) of sight, seeing, keen-sighted: corop féig rosc for n-anma (gl. illuminatos oculos cordis vestri) Wb. 21a9 . nephsuilig .i. neph-fegi (gl. minus oculati) Ml. 42d8 . `feigh' fairgsionach, Metr. Gl., D 37 . feig .i. qui figit visum in creaturis , O'Mulc. 503 . ni cuitbe ... dall ciarba ḟ.¤ `though you are keen-sighted' Tec. Corm. § 12.7 . Possibly also (of evil eye) penetrating Celtica xxiv 16 .

(b) of objects of sight, clear, luminous: escra f.¤ finnargait, TFerbe 198 . a thir ... fénach f.¤ ` lucent ' Metr. Dinds. ii 10 = LU 4123 (possibly a vb. here; see fégaid).

(c) of sounds shrill, piercing: osnada fégi, Fél., Ep. 326 . cuislenna féighe forbartacha, Acall. 7056 .

(d) of weapons, etc. keen, sharp: féigh .i. gér, O'Cl. (but see below, Adv.) faga féig fobartach, LU 6562 . TBC-I¹ 2047. 3249 . faga feig fobarta, TBC-LL¹ 2738. 5313 . rop scíath fri foébra fégi, Hy v 97 . saigti fegi, Cog. 158.16 . i suaineamnaiph a fogad feig, CCath. 5552 .

(e) of animals: dá ech ... até ... fégi, LU 9259 . tri .lll. gabur ... itté ... fegi, 6911 ( BDD 51 ).

(f) fig. of mental and moral qualities, etc., keen, penetrating, acute: (prohibited to a breithem :) gen beith féigh fethamail ..., Irish Texts iv 26z . bad léir, bad f.¤ a chubus, Ériu iii 96 § 1 (with gl. .i. grinn, p. 110 ). scel feigh forsgaithi ingenious (?) Anecd. ii 42.12 . frecmharc ḟéigh ḟéthamhail, Ériu xiii 25.8 . lucht na foghluma feighi (: grēne), Lism. L. 4562 . keen, stringent: fuigli féigi ... filed, MR 194.2 . smacht f.¤ , Ériu iv 94 § 11 . Rechtaid rochaith fichit f.¤ LL 128b26 (`spent twenty vigilant [years]' MacCarthy 184.2 (or is it a vb. here ? See fégaid). Intense, sharp, passing into sense of fierce: féigh .i. amnas no feochuir, O'Dav. 886 . ba feig ┐ ba forgranda in feghad dobert cach for a ceile dib IT i 273 ( FB 40 , Eg.). dorat comrac féig fichda dó, TFerbe 231 . ro cuirestair comlond feig feochair, Cog. 194y . forccomh feigh fíoramhnus do phíce, AFM vi 2114x . Of persons: atconnarc ... budin fég fírālaind, LL 267b42 ( MU² 761 ). foglaid f.¤ , Fél.² lxxxix. 33 . áes feig forúallach, TBC-I¹ 1658 . AFM v 1850.1 . míairle ind óesa feigh foruallaigh, Hugh Roe 248y (f. 66b) . Cf. bethi uli fri fessa feig | hirrichtain lessa Ioseiph, SR 3083 . As sobriquet: file ..., Foachtach fégh a ainm, Ériu xiii 46.15 (= Feigh, ZCP vii 300 ). (Adv.) fegsat filid Fail ... | fenchas co feigh, Laws i 32x . rosfreacair go feigh (.i. co ger), Leb. Gab.(i) i 44 (this may be the source of O'Cl., cited under d, above). manip co feigh fessara | cisa ... unless he know distinctly ZCP iv 237.12 = Leb. Cert. 236.4 . innisit ... co féicch ` distinctly ' AFM ii 962.8 . labhraidh go fēigh, L. Cl. A. B. 269.46 . co fergach fegh, Aen. 914 . Superl.: cia fegam ranac, YBL 411c25 (= féighe, Tec. Corm. vi ).

Compds. with adj.: ¤buide: urla fegbuide bright yellow TBC-LL¹ 1375 . ¤seng keen and graceful: sluag féig-ṡeng Fáil LL 142b15 . fer ... feigseng (: Érenn), Leb. Gab.(i) i 94.3 (= feígṡeng, LL 6b39 . feidhṡeang, BB 28a53 . With subst.: ¤bríathar: feighbriathra fithnaise, Anecd. ii 65.13 . ¤forcsiu scrutinizing: co ndechaid ... dia fegforcsin, RC xxiv 274 § 5 = dia fegfegsin, BB 258a26 . ¤fuil (?): frossa fégfola, SR 8034 .

n ā (?), f. (vn.of foaid spends the night). feis (g s. n p. -i) IGT, Decl. § 14.19 . g s. fesi, Liad. and Cuir. 20 . n p. fesa, O'Curry 805 (< H 3.18, 373a ).

(a) spending the night, sleeping: do ḟeiss (fess v.l.) aidche hi linnib from spending the night in pools Hy ii 27 . As cognate acc. : fiba fess (fes, feis v.l.) moch mairb will soon sleep the sleep of the dead (?) Ériu ii 3.6 . Rarely of beleaguering (cf. forbais) : fiibthir Falchaeo feis, Thurn. Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 54.25 . Cf. cathasach .i. cathíesach .i. feis foite ind oig ina cathgreim co matain, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1859, 179 (< H 3.18, 67 ) = Corm. Y 245 . Esp. of sleeping with another person ; coition: hence espousal: co mbi ferr lais feis la gillib, Laws v 292.23 . toet chucum a ben hinnocht do fes lium, IT i 145.8 . fess la mnai óic, Ériu viii 122.31 . laichess .i. laoch ┐ fess, is din feis foas la laoch, Corm. Y 795 . feis re gach mnaoi, Dán Dé xxiv 3 . ma ro carais, dena f.¤ leis, TBC-LL¹ p. 649 n. 5 (St) = faé leis LL. feis dorinne sé re hÁine, Keat. ii 4373 . ní ba gnáth sósar d'ḟeiss i fiadnaisi ṡinsir it was not customary for the younger to wed before the elder RC xiii 36 w ( LL 294b3 ). do éimghidh S. ┐ M. feis `refused to be espoused' ML 12.28 . an ḟ.¤—fa f.¤ degt[h]oraidh— | dār geined Bē binn, ZCP xiii 18.27 . g s. ar imgabail feisi le hÆnias, Aen. 1666 . eiric imgabala feisi, Laws v 294.25 Comm. coraigecht aenmna re bliadhain dam ... ┐ leth feissi do grēs, Acall. 4955 (`a stipulation that for one year I be thine only wife and after that in perpetuity enjoy a full half of thy conjugal society' SG ii 221 ). rucc leth fesi, a inghen fial, | mo b[h]en-sa isin ail-si tiar my spouse on yonder rock (i.e. the church of Cashel) has claimed half your conjugal rights RC xxxvii 350 § 3 . Fig. of assuming kingship : do rigustar (F.) ... et ar f.¤ d'F. re coiced Connacht doronne a oiti a frithailem ... ┐ is i sin banais rige is oiregdo doronad a Connacht riam, Ann. Conn. 1310 § 7 = ALC i 554 (`after F. had espoused the Province of C.' Cf. Ériu xiv 14 ). Cf. feis .i. druis ut est fuba co fessaib lust O'Dav. 930 . f.¤ leptha (láime, lám-déraigthe) cohabiting ; espousal, wedlock: ro ḟáeidur in lánamain sin ind áidchi sin ar f.¤ leaptha ┐ lámdéirigthi, Acall. 7841 ; 820 . do bhi ar fes (feis) laimhe ┐ leaptha ag an inghin an oidhche sin, RC xxix 134.18 ; 26 . ar feis leaptha, 146.8 . fuair rogha ríoghna ar f.¤ láimhe, Ó Bruad. ii 86 .

(b) by extension accommodation for the night, bed: co f.¤, co n-adogh, co tein, co n-aitreb, Laws iv 20.1 (with gl.: co laigi doib ann, 22.30 ). Of cattle, etc.: ina muca i f.¤ i foil a n-aidche housed (sleeping ?) in a stye 96.25 . deithbir idir f.¤ i fual ┐ f.¤ i f. ; buaile glan hi i f. ┐ buaile salach f.¤ i fual (of a foul cattle-booley and a clean one) v 468.9. Comm .

(c) entertainment for the night, food, supper: f.¤ aidc[h]i .i. de biud, Corm. Y 594 . feis .i. cuiriud ... (.i. i n-aidchi .i. co lind), Laws iii 20.17 . feis .i. i n-aidchi .i. co linn, O'Dav. 854 . feiss i Cruachain do grés dó, TBC-LL¹ 1613 , 2269 ( fes; cuirm, Eg. 209 ). fuaradar feiss na hoidchi sin ac C., Acall. 23 . fogebainn biad ┐ fés aidchi duit, MR 68.13 . meth feise la rig `the failure to supply the feast of a king' Laws i 230.22 = meith feisi rig (atat .iii. fesa do rig a fuirired a faigthe a dligid), O'Curry 805 (< H 3.18, 373a ). Hence food, repast in gen. : dús in fogebtha fri f.¤ | do biud dún ní domelmais, SR 1563 . lubai in talman ... nidad tlaithi dun fri feis, 1571 . ce bú for fess and? ol si. Fonoad col carpait dun and, ol se what was your repast ? LU 10243 . ba greis don deora daighfir | fes a feola, BB 370a31 = a chuit feola, Metr. Dinds. iii 162.12 (feis v.l.). gura féis do faelaib do corp ! (an imprecation) MR 188.20 . ac feis ┐ ac fleduchudh, CCath. 2438 . Here, perhaps : cele fesa, Ériu viii 122.26 . Oft. in connection with díthat (q.v.) : feis, fuiririud, dithit, Laws iii 20.13 . co tormalt feiss ┐ dithait, TBC-LL¹ 637 (go ro loing fes et dithat an laoi St). ni fil feis cen dithit, O'Dav. 854 . ní bí feis cin dithat .i. cen fuighell, O'Curry 1426 (< H 3.18, 640 ). dligmít feis dithat [compd. ?] na haidchi so di, Acall. 18 . f.¤ dithat na haidhche anoct uaimsi duit ... .i. naí mbai fichit ..., 0 522. co rotochaithset a ffes dithett, Hugh Roe 242.30 (f. 64b) ; `Almost certainly a compd,' Plummer, Slips.

(d) In Laws, also used of cattle trespass i.e. trespass by (entering and) lying down (and grazing), see below : is feis cach lige, cach tarraidhe, airlim acht na deilset nach tartaidhe (.i. eiric feisi forru o tarraigter and iatt ina lighe, eric airlime orra acht na ro laigit ann), Laws iv 78.8 (80.8) . a feis dighona feoir ethamain geimreta tar lān-ime `for `feis' trespass in a winter grass field over a full fence' 80.21 Comm . da miach ina feis ┐ miach ina n-airlim two sacks for `feis' trespass in them and one for `airlim' 80.25 Comm . feis lae ┐ feis aidhche `f.¤' trespass by day, by night 80.14 Comm . caīrig imorro, it smachta airlime do suidib, ar ni fil fesa doib `fines for `feis'-trespass' 108.6 . nochon fuil dethbir feisi na airlime a leth re fiach duine-caithi, 84 w Comm . The term bō feise, etc. can hardly mean `cattle-feeding' as it is sometimes rendered in Laws Transl., the alternative rendering `the cows forfeited for feeding', O'Don. Suppl. is more likely (in some instances it probably means cows forfeited for (or who have committed) the trespass of lying-down (implying grazing), cf. ethait ní ina feis ┐ ina n-airlim ┐ noco n-ethait ní ina ruiriudh na ína tairsce `they eat something in their `feis' —trespass' Laws iv 138.10 Comm. fiach feisi geimrid a ruiriud aoidhche in geimrid `fine for winter `feis' —trespass is due for a running-over on a winter's night' ib. 12 ). treisi co ndithmuim cach athgabala na mbo feisi, no co tiagaitt ba fesi ina cenn `every distress for cow-feeding' (?) i 222.26 Comm . ba fesi ... ba dithma, ii 134.17 Comm . fiach fesi cach athgabala `debt for the expense of feeding' (?) i 224.6 Comm . cu n-īcand dech mbu feisi ┐ logh einech, Bürgschaft 66 ("Kühe des Übernachtens"). is ed slan nge[i]ll .i. bai fesi ge[i]ll ..., 78 .

(e) a feast, a festival (oft. of an established and recurring one) : ardsollamain na ngente .i. f.¤ Temra, Lat. Lives 5 = Trip. 40.23 . cena (alias feis) Temhra apud (alias la) Loeghaire AU 454 . feiss Temhra la Diarmaid, 559 . fes Temra cacha samna, LU 4211 . do chaithim fessi Temrach, 4209 . do thomailt fesse T., ZCP iii 4.4 (orig. espousal in these exx. Cf. concluding exx. in section (a) above and see Studies in Early Irish Literature 334 ). f.¤ tigi Oengossa, Ériu vii 220.5 = LL 209b43 . f.¤ tighe Bricrenn (name of a tale, probably = Fled Bricrenn), Anecd. ii 45.2 . coro ḟeram feis trí laa ┐ tri n-aidchi i ndunud G. till we enjoy an entertainment of three days, etc. TFerbe 61 . pl. fessa ┐ fuireca, CRR 9 . a bhfeasa ┐ a bhfulachta, ML 76.12 . fessa (title of a class of tales) LL 189c40 (O'Curry MS. Mat. 588 ). Anecd. ii 45.1 .

(f) exceptionally a stay, sojourn: doronsad f.¤ māir thair, Lec. 553a39 ( ZCP x 166.15 ). Cf. bain-, bran-, tarbfeis s.v. 2 feis(s).

Compds. : cf. f.¤ dithat above also Acall. 5036 ; 5381 ; 7301 .

Cf. dusnic dím feis nErenn fós fess nAlban feiss suadh feiss druadh feiss cerda feiss cuthchoire feiss corrguine feiss sedhguine feiss cech duine bí doní olc ... frim corp ZCP vi 258.19 (Colum Cille's prayer).

adj orig. conj. pass. corresp. to ro-fitir, q.v. Apparently the neg. part. with it was confused with neg. of cop. hence the affirmative constr. with is, etc. Cf. ní fess a lige, Fél. Prol. 113 . pl. a lige ní fessa , 76 . cia adbar ..., in fess? SR 7865 . connach fess, 8115 . Known ; only as pred. with cop. : ní f.¤ ca lin idrocair it is not known Cog. 8.7 . láoich ... nach f.¤ crúaidh a gcindbeirte the hardness of whose helmets is unknown IGT, Decl. ex. 615 . Cf. gerr gu bfeas a fedhmanna, ex. 1143 . ni feas damh ... cáit ar éirigh uaim I know not TD 39.13 . ní feas damh créad an mhilse (= nescio quâ dulcedine) TSh. 6020 . níor bhf.¤ do neoch díobh a réim, Ériu i 30.222 . ní feas aon d'uaislibh Banbha not one ... is known Keat. Poems 1125 .