v Usually given as compd. of aigid ( Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 451 ), but in conjunct position -aig only is found. Perh. orig. ad-aig, -aig, a verb of the type described GOI § 543 (a) (ro-cluinethar etc.). Hence ad-aig here with deut. forms only and without vn. In mid. Ir. very common with tautological inf. pron. 3 s.m. (atn-aig). See aigid.

Indic. pres. 3 s. a-tom-aig, Wb. 10d26 . a-tob-aich, 9c20 . 3 pl. a-tn-agat, TBFr. 273 . Pass. sg. adagar, BB 252b27 . Pl. adagatar, Críth G. 93 . Ipv. 2 s. a-tn-aig, TBC-I¹ 935 . Indic. impf. 3 pl. ad-aigtis, MR 256.24 . Subj. impf. 3 s. ad-n -agad, Laws v 466.5 . Pass. sg. atagtha, Ériu ii 122 § 63 . Fut. 3 s. a-tan-ebla, Sc.M² § 3 . 3 pl. adeblad, RC xxi 382.12 v.l. pret. 3 s. adacht, LL 4899 . 3 pl. adachtatár, LU 5344 . atachtsat, Leb. Gab.(i) 116.16 . Pass. sg. adacht, LL 13608 . Pl. adachta, Dinds. 128 ( RC xvi 80 ). Later as simple vb. at(n)aigid.

(a) drives, impels to (DO): cid atobaig dó `what impels you to it?' Wb. 19d10 . is foirbthetu hirisse attotaig do neoch dogní `we know it is perfection of faith that impels thee to what thou doest', 6c16 . cid atobaich cen dílgud cech ancridi dognethe frib `what impels you not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you?', 9c20 . dílmaine aisndísen atannaig[n]i do, Ml. 93d12 . ar is ainbfius ┐ seimple adidnuid do, Laws i 94.7 . adaig a mmairtorad do digh `the produce of the sea impels one to drink', Ériu xii 20 § 25 . atnaig G. dó assin tig G. drove him out of the house, LL 13590 . atnaig dó for teiched, 13610 . Of driving animals etc.: fer adaig secht mbu i tir a cheile, Laws iii 128.2 . fer idaig cethra . . . ina fér . . . amail bid a cethra fodesin adnagad ind, v 466.4 . at-nagar gamain istech die marbad, Ériu vii 198 § 6 . ad-nagar cæra histech, 199 § 7 = doberar, 6 §§ 6, 7 . atnaigset na huain . . . docum a mmaithrech, Lism. L. 86 . adnaig tar fot cruach i nardnimed `he brings him away over gory sod into a high sanctuary', Ériu xii 83.14 . adacht Laigniu he drove the Leinstermen before him, LL 4899 . a.¤ i tenid sets on fire : adachtatár in crích hi tenid, LU 5344 (TBC). Note also: atan-ebla i luim luaith who will reduce us to bare ashes, Sc.M² 3 . ? adadar (adagar v.l.) tene ind, Trip.² 605 . atasaigid hi tenid, Cymmr. xiv 114.13 .

(b) pushes, thrusts, places, puts: ataig in cendáil occo isin sudi faire he puts the head beside him, LU 9093 ( FB § 84 ). benais mír don staic . . . ┐ ataig . . . ina beol, MacCongl. 65.11 ( LB 217a28 ). atnaig in di oibill . . . isin tellach, adnaidh a formna re comlaidh in dorois, Aen. 2296 . roadnacht F. grainne n-oir fo slinnen [a maic], ZCP ii 134 § 4 (form influenced by ad-anaig). atnaig C. foí atherruch C. thrusts him under it again (of wrestling in water), LU 5232 (TBC) = TBC-I¹ 755 . ataig a bratt tairsiu a triur, IT ii2 210.65 . ce at agtha fo claideb `though they were put to the sword', Ériu ii 122 § 63 . atnaigh-sium a mher tharse plied his finger over it (of playing the harp), RC vi 183.15 . atagat láim tairsiu they ravage them LL 231b5 ( TTr. 1046 ). atagat . . . cath cróda they prosecute a valiant fight TFerbe 741 . atnaig a bendachtain for Jacob, LB 114a5 . a.¤ aithne (for) recognises: ad-n-aig Corpre Músc aithne conarb' é Mac Con 'Corpre Músc realized that it was not Mac Con', CMMucr. (CCA) 92 § 13 . atnaigh in ingen aichne fair, IT i 126.9 .

(c) inflicts, imposes on (FOR): ataigh Midir . . . tri plagha foraibh, BB 390a39 . ataig cummasc . . . forsna slúagu `he caused the slaughter of the hosts', TTr.² 1480 . atachtsat (.i. tucsat) doeire forra, Leb. Gab.(i) 116.16 . atnagar rátha ┐ nadmand tenna . . . for muintir C. fria comall, MacCongl. 23.3 . ataigtis ratha airib / secht n-airig ata inir, LL 2596 . cach nidnacul .i. adanaig fair in flaith, O'Curry 830 (H 3.18, 380b). attaig Moysi forro in dam orda . . . do merliugud M. obliges them to destroy (?) the golden calf, BB 241a47 = atnaig, LB 120a37 . YBL 291a27 .

(d) proffers, gives: tescaid . . . in clérech a lúdain de ┐ atnaig don filid, Fél. 70.9 . ataig in poíc di ar dig, LL 4598 = dorat ind póice dí ar dig, Ériu iv 102.2 . adnaig side grád don gilla, RC v 200 § 15 . atnagar biad doib, MR 10.12 . ataig cuit cach trir, LU 1816 . atnagar cennacht macraidi Ulad do Choin Chulaind, LU 10494 . atnaghar doib Cú na cles `C. is surrendered to them', Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 44.22 . adnaigh .i. tabairt nó tidlacad ut est atnaigh uait surrender it, O'Dav. 131 . Of giving a blow: ataig taithbéim dia claidiub dóib, LU 3264 ( SCC § 6 ). atnaig T. bulli do, LL 329a7 .

(e) carries, brings: ataig C. lais ina fúair d'ór, TFerbe 745 . atnaig corp a athar leiss, LU 2796 . atnagad leo cen fhis they take him with them, YBL 139a45 .

(f) raises, puts forth (cry, shout): atreset iarsin ┐ dobérat (atbelat, adeblad, addeablatt v.l. ) an óengáir eisib, RC xxi 382.12 and n. andar lat batar fir betha adaigdis breisim foé Ériu xii 178 § 7 . atnagat a ṅgol, TBFr. 273 . ataig a díchelta ass he gives forth his secrets, LU 4457 . atnaig a gloim n-archon for aird, LL 12897 .

(g) a.¤ mnaí takes a wife (cf. do-beir m.): atnaigh mnai an Dunchada `he married the wife of D.', TFrag. 56.9 .

(h) undertakes, sets about, begins (with oc and vn.): atnagait (leg. ata-agat, Stories from Táin) . . . oc imtrascrad they set to wrestling, LU 5230 (TBC). atagat (atberat v.l. Ériu iv 102.41 ) ca rád ra Níall / dul don tiprait . . ., LL 4604 . attaig Isac ac lamachtad a láimí, BB 236b18 . atnaig oc blassachtaig `he began smacking his lips', MacCongl. 47.12 . Note also: atnaig in druí . . . for imthecht, Metr. Dinds. iv 60.29 . adnaig for iarraidh A `he went in search of A', Aen. 2656 .

(i) goes, proceeds: atnaig Ethne fades, LU 4465 . adnaig remib co Mag nGlass he sets out at their head to Mag nGlass, Ériu v 236.64 . atnaig E. i cocud crúaid `E. departs to stern strife', Metr. Dinds. iv 68.129 . adnaigh 'san imruagadh `he betook himself to flight', Aen. 2846 . atnaig and lá n-óen i m-boith aroli meic lēgind he goes into the cell of a certain student, MacCongl. 53.21 . atnagat uile inna agaid fadeoig, RC v 199 § 8 . atnagat (do chuiriter v.l.) nói do chauradaib ina dochum dia marbad, Otia ii 86 § 4 . atnaigim isin cuchtair, MacCongl. 91.17 . ataigimm isin tech mor, z 0 . Impers. atnagar hi cend breithi do breith they proceed to judge, 21.13 .

v ( ad-and-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 457 ). Indic. pres. 3 s. adannaí, Trip.² 451 . rel. asidannai, Trip.² 458 . 3 pl. adannat, Triads 86 . Pass. sg. ad-andaither (adainter, v.l.), BDD² 1408 . adantar , Anecd. iii 34.9 . Ipv. 2 s. adaind, Corm. Y 825 . Indic. impf. pass. pl. adhannaitis, Ériu ii 100 § 4 . Subj. impf. 3 s. -adandad, TTebe 582 . Pass. sg. -rohadanta, Anecd. iii 34.6 . Fut. 3 s. adandaba (atandafa v.l.), ZCP xiii 379.10 . pret. and perf. 3 s. adand, Gael. 50, 124 ( Blathm. 113 ). adnai, BB 414b27 . adrann, SR 7921 . ro and , LL 184a15 . 3 pl. atrandsat, Immrama 54 § 7 . Pass. sg. adrannad (adrandad v.l.), Fél. Apr. 5 . ro hadnad , Ériu xii 190 .y (TE2). Later also as simple vb. adannaid, adnaid.

Part. adannta.

Vn. adannad, adnad and later adaint. IGT Verbs §§ 45,46 .

(a) kindles, lights (usually trans.): im burach do thene . . . .i. cin in tenid (? -ed) adannai, Laws i 170.21 Comm. de aibritiud atarann in tene muindtir cluana mac Nois from the moment when the fire burned the monks of C.(?), Mon. Tall. 162.25 (§ 85) . conid on tene sin ro hadnad cach primtene i nHérinn, Dinds. 7 ( RC xv 297 ). adantar tene coisecra leo, Anecd. iii 34.9 . acloid adannuigh caindle, O'D. 2192 ( Nero A. vii fo. 134a ). bruth aeoir . . . no adannfad in domun, CCath. 1030 . amal diaid thúsi adantar i n-edpairt duit, PH 7109 . Nás aga do hadhnadh `he has burned Naas', Studies 1920, 418.16 . teine . . . ní hé Día adhnas í, Párl. na mB. 3296 . adhantor ┐ shoillsigther . . . ē (of a torch), Fl. Earls 34.z . causes to blush: créad lér hadhnadh a ghruaidh ghlan, TD 8.31 . gruadh adhanta nár hadhnadh `a glowing cheek that never was made to blush', 27.42 . illuminates, inspires: recht(t) crettme adannai amail ron(n)gab recht Adamnáin, Críth G. 524 . ra hadnad é . . . o fhis ┐ o fhaistine, TTebe 4144 . ? adainter fri cuimne senchad indraice, Laws iv 140. y .

(b) stirs up, incites: tri oible adannat seirc, Triads 86 . tumais rínd a roisc . . . índ ┐ adnai a serc ina cridiu, BB 414b27 . adantair serc . . . ind oclaich fá hucht din ingin, LL 221a12 . ( TTr. 284 ). fearg ro hadnad tretha de, Ériu xii 190. y (TE2). ro hadh[an]nadh bruth ┐ brígh i cridib na M., CCath. 1884 . rahadandait ferga . . . isna feraib, TTebe 4488 . ro and brónbríg in tan ro dall mōrríg Mide, Arch. Hib. ii 72 § 32 ( LL 184a15 ). gan éinní . . . do adhainfeadh mh' anthoil, Desid. 1099 . glár far hadhnadh oirbhire, DDána 90.16 . Aodh mag Uidhir adhnus goimh `kindler of grief', Gadelica 13 § 16 . osna charad . . . aoibhil adhanas anbhuain `spark enkindling restlessness', Ó Bruad. ii xvi 1 . . ná hadhain troid, Dánfhocail 176 . roghaimh Dé do hadhnadh as the great anger of God was kindled from it (of Pharaoh's destruction in the Red Sea), DDána 31.12 . laogh ar shlabhradh ghlas 'n-a ghlaic / ar hadhnadh as do b'orrdhraic i.e. what resulted from it was famous, 80.26 .

(c) sets going, begins (cf. ad-aig): baithes Pátraic prímdae / adrannad i n-hÉre, Fél. Apr. 5 . .i. ro tindscnad, Fél.² lxxi gl. 5 . ro hadhnadh a cluichi caintech `his funeral games were started', RC xxiv 184.16 . adrand (atrann, adhrann v.l.) a theora eigme ass, Fing. R. 562 ( LL 270b44 ). But see ? ad-ranna.

(d) Intrans. cia lin na retlann adrann how many stars shone? SR 7921 . in trath adnus in re, Celtica ii 75.171 . adhnaidh teach don toigh re a thaoibh, TD 1.46 . is andsan alt cétna adnus an tesga, O'Gr. Cat. 300.37 . ár is hí an aibhill assa nadhana breo (of a poet), O'D. 1217 (H 2. 15, p. 85a). adannaid ann . . . accobar na flatha nemdai, PH 5466 . ro aghain ┐ ro áirdéirigh cogadh, ALC i 2.15 . Perh. also: m'athair ba húa do Abrám / int Abram adrann o chein / nir bunad fann do Challdéib, SR 3303 . cain adrann cach tucht rothecht / intan ruc in primchinnecht (of Jacob), 2919 .

Cf. andaid.

n also áill (see GOI § 120 ) and ál. ál (: slán), IGT Decl. ex. 1002 . (: ár), DDána 3.39 .

(a) act of asking; request, wish: á.¤ [.i.] íarraid, Metr. Gl. 10 § 8 . O'Cl. dochúas o Dauid co a thech . . . dia glan á.¤ im feis n-aidche, SR 6304 . fo déig ni ragadsi acht sí cona bantrocht día ailseom because she would go only with her women to make the request of him, LU 6149 (TBC). do ail ┐ do etarguide na ndemna ifernaide, CCath. 4166 . gabhaitt na Goill ag á.¤ ┐ acc atach Neill, AFM vi 2208.18 . foirenn . . . do ail cu roghabad inad reampaibh, Lism. L. 2035 . ail .i. abair no dliged nó guide, O'Dav. 9 . cona tárda oircci i n-á.¤ nō a n-ascaid i tír nĒrenn by request or gratis, Corm. Y 883 ( Anecd. iv 76.2 ). is denta ail d'egin a pleasure should be made of necessity, CCath. 2703 . ic cuinchid ail nō aisc soliciting requests or gifts, MacCongl. 49.8 . ar a beith i nail tsuthain in perpetual supplication, SG 47.x .

(b) entitlement : ​sruamnach ail ansruth; | ailidh leth go saoithe | secht sé 'abundant is the entitlement of the ánruth; he is entitled to half of that of a sage, (which latter is) seven sixes', UR 53.29 .

The follg. d p. forms are perh. to be referred to this word: ro da hir . . . ailibh ilibh, G 50 (`requests', Blathm. 416 ). airunsur álaib, LU 10042 = airiunnsu rálaib `than (all) desires', ZCP xvii 204 § 5 , cf. Echtrae Chonnlai 184-87 . cruth rochāin co ndrochálaib (droch + cálaib?), vi 267 § 4 . dit álaib fochen, LU 10430 . L. grían álaib `delightful sun', Fél. Sept. 3 .i. alaind no uasnelaib, etc., Fél.² cxl . cf. O'Dav. 181 .

Used impersonally with copula it is desirable, meet, proper: ní á.¤ tra insin do epirt, Wb. 27c8 . ní ail a tuirem dúib it is not proper to recount them to you, 24c7 . ar ni aill seirge oc cúrsagad harshness is not proper in reproving, 30b29 . 11b21 . ní ail aicsu forsani nothechti `it is not proper to wish for what thou hast', Sg. 149a8 . más amhlaidh as á.¤ a dteacht if their coming is desired, Ériu v 52.5 . is á.¤ a fhis uaib, PH 1067 . cid ail cencop á.¤ , LL 19018 ( KMMisc. 270 § 48 ). acht nach á.¤ cur lámha lat no one thinks it worth while to help thee, Dán Dé xix 25 . sgur dot aighneas munab á.¤ `unless you will desist from your arguments', Content. ix 12 .

In phrase is á.¤ DO wishes, desires: ní á.¤ dún ar condelc friú `we do not wish to compare ourselves with them', Wb. 17b9 . mad aill duib cid accaldam neich diib `if ye desired', 13b3 . ni á.¤ dún buith fo máam legis, 19b20 . ní á.¤ dún tabart testassa dínn, 24c16 . intan bes ná do when it pleases Him, Ml. 94c17 . bés níp aill do dainib / in dubartsa uile, Fél. Ep. 417 . nochorb á.¤ dó creitem dó he did not wish to submit to him, Trip.² 397 . ní bréc as á.¤ dún immut, LU 8813 ( FB 61 ). mad tairgit in fine ferann dó ┐ ní há.¤ dósum a gabail, Laws iv 134.20 Comm. cipé da mbad á.¤ a acallam in ríg, MU² 560 . isatt ailsiu damsa ┐ bidat ail hi céin bat béo I desire thee and shall desire thee as long as I live, LU 3919 ( SCC § 43 ). cidh is á.¤ don oglaech-sa na táinic ríam? what is the matter with the youth that he has not come? ZCP v 523.30 . is pleasing to: bádat ail cach clúain, LU 9863 `every meadow will be pleasing to thee', PRIA xix 535 . is á.¤ LA: cen imfolang in degnimo són as ail lim `without accomplishing the good work that I desire', Ml. 23c25 . atú mar as á.¤ lem fhoghlaidh, Dán Dé xii 7 . neach lérbh á.¤ a thagháil `one who wanted it', xxi 6 . a gcan mé . . . madh á.¤ liom if I really wish it, x 13 . cid ass á.¤ latt dol?, CRR § 23 . nir bo áill lea or nir bo baeth, Ériu v 209.21 . nir bho hail lais a athair . . . do thaobhadh, BNnÉ 52 § 44 . ?Cf. gach ní is ailt o Dia, Laud 610, 8d (Plummer MS notes). See also áilt.

n f. Perh. orig. átt ā, f., cf. d p. áttaib, Críth G. 173 , átachad, IGT Verbs § 106 . See Mac Airt, Celtica iii 263 . Vendr. Lex. Lochlann ii 213 .

(a) place, situation, position, dwelling: hi cech ait isin chathrig, Ml. 68a13 . co cach inchruth a thige inna áttaib córaib with all the furniture of the house in its proper positions, Críth G. 173 . ni fuair ait forstarrasad (of the Ark), SR 2572 . ro facsat ait na scainnre do S., CCath. 3697 . áit buailte do thabhairt dóibh a place for defeating them, Mac Aingil 1748 . arna shuidhiughadh san áit is onóraighe don chlár, TSh. 855 . na háiti d'folmughadh, IGT Decl. ex. 723 . a buird 'na n-áitibh gá n-uaim planks being joined in their places (of a building), DDána 119.35 . anuidh an connsuine bog na áit féin remains unchanged, IGT Introd. 26.31 .

Abode, dwelling: ra curit ina n-aitib ┐ ina n-imdadaib (of men after feasting), CRR 20.2 . a hait ┐ a hadba, TTebe 186 . do chuaidh gach aon díobh d'a ait (bhaile v.l.) féin, ZCP iv 400.19 . techit na harrachta asa n-attib, PH 743 . aitte (háit v.l.) cumhsanaidh lair (of an animal), BNnÉ 317 § 5 . hi senáitibh slechta Conuill Chernaigh in the hereditary seats of the race of C., AFM vi 2186.12 . anmhain ar ar n-aitibh fein in our own districts, O'R. Poems 3906 .

Passage (in a book): gibé thuigfeas na háite do haithleigheadh linn, Eochairsg. 111.1 . do réir na háite sin (in Bible), TSh. 22 . léaghthar san áit chéadna, 285 . ar lorg na háite-se san Leabhar Ghabhála, Keat. ii 796 .

Perh. crossing-place of a river in: hae aite (in a list of things (on private property) of which there is no exclusive ownership) i.e. salmon seen at a river-crossing can be appropriated (?), Laws v 482.23 (see Mac Airt loc. cit.). Or w.r.t. the location of one's house, EIF 286-87 . Or áe as in the plant-name áe aba, Peritia xvi 390-92 ; see 1 áe.

In phr. á.¤ i n- as conj. where: a tírib beó ait inna bí bás, LU 9996 . ait hi funend grían where the sun sets, 3691 ( SCC 33 ). áit i mbaí a h-adba inmain, Sc.M² 24 (e) . áit i comraicfead díabolnámaid, BDD² 733 . lige Fergusa maic Rōic āitt in rohadnacht ar Mag nĀi, ACL iii 3.3 . áit i farggab C. . . . a chend .i. cenn-áitt F., TBC-LL¹ 2915 . tomaidm Linmuine edón Locha Echach áitt dollégad síl nD., RC xvi 413.16 (Tig.). áit ar marbhadh C., Keat. iii 2545 . Note also: áit mal connairnechtatar where they met, TBC-LL¹ 1441. 1565 .

Combines with interrog. to give cáit where (in dependent and direct questions) (perh. a modification of O. Ir. cote, see Mac Airt, loc. cit.): ní fes do Galafas cait a ndeachaidh, RC x 185.9 . do c[h]uireadar fesa da fhis cáit a rabatar, ML² 911 . cait hir-raibe?, PH 201 . cāit a fhuil Finn?, ML² 1492 .

(b) place formerly occupied by someone or something: ní fuaradar acht a ait ann they found the place empty, ZCP vi 76.13 . do níd áit leabhar dona tuatadhaib they take the place of books (of images), Ó Héodhusa 143.12 . fear a áite his successor, Mac Aingil 6004 . cead . . . an easbuig . . . nó fhir áiti delegate , 4389 . fear āite Chriosd, Parrth. Anma 2934 . do dhiúltuigh . . . ar gealladh d'oifig is d'fhurthacht is d'áit dó place, office (of an Irish chief who resisted the bribes of the government), Hackett xl 192 . imprint, mark: co fil āit a beōil isin c[h]loich fóss ann, BColm. 64.8 . lorg cneadh ┐ áit áladh, DDána 54.9 . Hence in phrase i n-á.¤ with gen.: nach faicim acht fís . . . i n-áit an mhóir-eoluis cheirt instead of, Content. xvi 87 . mar íoc i n-áit an tsochair `as requital for those benefits', ix 26 .

(c) In phrase of doubtful meaning do áitt , diait, diad etc. See Mac Airt loc. cit.: Ri ro sáer Iacob do aitt / do láim Isau meicc Isaic, SR 7313 . teine do áitt etc., for exx. see 1 teine.

n (brath) great treachery: ní raibhe a fhis ag B. O C. do bheith a n-a.¤ do no gur derbh fein a a.¤ `B. did not know that O'C. was acting treacherously towards him until he himself proved his treachery', ALC ii 410.19 . nā bīodh sibh a n-anbhrath dhaoibh fén `be not untrue to yourselves', Eachtra Uill. 3469 . gan chogadh . . . gan anbhrath, Duan. F. i 59.15 . in ngeubhthaoí síth gan anbhrath ? ITS v 154.z .

n o (ad + rosc. See GOI § 104 ). Treated as n. in arosc mbreithre, Lism. L. 4083 . Also -asc, -usc, -uusc, air(r)iusc.

Saying, maxim: ba á.¤ insin la aithrea gl. de institutione patria possuit, Ml. 136a5 . amal as narasc gl. ut dicitur, 55a13 . airesg .i. radh, O'Curry 971 (H 3.18, 416). indrosc .i. ind-āroscc .i. ārosc dā ind brēithre, Corm. Y 747 . conid desin is árasc `Cosmail Mael do Kaplait', Trip.² 1162 . conid di hén is árasc la G. `cotlu[d] Faillén i nDún Náiss', 2176 . ároisc roscada . . . / 's tecusca fíra Fithail, Metr. Dinds. iii 20.241 . nārbat soithiuch senáruscc (of a poet), ZCP iv 238 § 5 . ba cend náruisc for bith ché (of a holy man), LL 359 marg. inf. tria cháoinbhríathraibh ┐ milisárusccaibh, Hugh Roe 296.7 (fo. 77b) . Proverb: ro dearbhadh an dearbharuscc . . . .i. beodha gach brathair fri aroile, AFM v 1768.4 . In phrase á.¤ ré(i)re see 1 ríar (a). In chevilles: ārusc ndēte, ACL iii 295 § 26 `moral saying', RC li 301 § 1 . arusc fenech, Snedg. u. Mac R 10 § 15 .

? aruusc n-arrligh .i. muin duine. Uad-side for a fidh comainmnig[th]ech, Auraic. 5639 .

In Laws stipulation; condition, reservation: toing do Dia . . . cen acht, cen arusc . . . cen dichell, O'Curry 64 (H 3.18, 23a) (`without any reservation', Plummer MS notes); [cin] airesc . . . cin dichell, 60 (ib. 21b). ni foglean fonaidm fri hinndliged n-aruisc, O'Curry 2585 ( Eg. 88, 49(50)c ) `one is not bound by an illegal stipulation(?)', Plummer MS notes. tre caindliged araise ┐ achtaighthi, O'Curry 2465 ( Eg. 88, 37(38)d ). ni do ratar fri acht ┐ airesc, Laws ii 342.22 Comm. cen acht cen airiusc do biud ┐ ētuch without any condition or stipulation regarding, ZCP xv 321 § 14 .

In phrase ardu (airde) á.¤ : asbert Morann fri Neri: ardu arusc asbér frit. Treba Bresail ní mo bera arraith, Ériu xi 43.29 `a high (universal) saying', 52 n.1 . gach taurbaid tecmaic dligid [a] tasc munub airdi airesc .i. munab ard hé re hindisin, O'Curry 738 (H 3.18, 353b) .i. madh doig a fhis ac cách, O'D. 944 (H 3.17, c. 661). ni fil folta . . . le na turbaid, acht airdi arusc, O'Curry 1269 (H 3.18, 515) .i. acht iní is ard re innisin, b[ás] in ri, no slog hi tir no ass . . ., ib. is for teist bus airde arusc .i. for an teist is ard re harusc .i. in mach teist, 2582 ( Eg. 88, 49(50)b ). Cf. ní cria di secht mbáethaib file la Féne . . . di ardd (aird v.l.), di arusc (airriusc v.l.), Tec. Corm. § 19.9 .

io, n. Later also with dental infl. arra m. IGT Decl. § 2 . Vn. of ar-ren. For form and meaning see Binchy, Ériu xix p. 51 - 53 .

(a) act of paying something on behalf of another or in place of something else; payment: trī dīrna do argat a.¤ ar teorae ferbai fīrae, Corm. Y 585 `three stone(?) of silver [as] compensation for three white cows', Binchy loc. cit. (cf. Corm. Y 811 and Ériu xiii 48.28 ). ? in trin don arra uil isin coirpdire, Laws i 250.4 Comm. arra .i. er a luagh .i. luach bess mó, O'Dav. 29 . a.¤ .i. eric, 80 . arra .i. luach . . . ┐ adeir a Trecin (leg. Trecheng) Breth: . . . dul do chennach cen airrchi, Ériu xiii 62 § 7 ( Triads 74 ). a.¤ .i. íc, ut est i Cath Mhaighi Tuiredh, ni rabadar fir Erenn ac a.¤ in chísa géin ro mhair Lugh, § 8. tancus o righ R. . . . do cuingidh arrad co S. Doraidh S. . . . nach biath fo chis do righ talmanda, Lism. L. 2088 . a.¤ .i. fiacha, ut est; gabtar a.¤ do lámhaibh feicheman, Ériu xiii 62 § 9 . ? a naradhaibh a ghaisgidhe, RC x 338.17 ( airigidh, TBC-LL¹ 3155 ) = ina airigid gaiseid, 337.x (see 1 airigid).

(b) object or class of objects which has been stipulated for in `consideration' of a contract or in settlement of a debt: a meic ara feiser fiachu masria, aen arra i leth cumail, Laws iii 150.12 . ruidles eneclainni do rigaib in taen arra airgid, 150.y Comm. in set ro recfadh duine ┐ ni fagabar in tarra ro gellastair da cinn, a seoit d'aisic do, O'Curry 279 ( H 3.18, 151 ). da trian d'arraib and ┐ aen trian d'anarraib, O'Curry 904 ( H 3.18, 401 ). In phrase fo-reith arra anarra `a non-`a.¤' represents (i.e. may be substituted for) an `a.¤'' (Binchy loc. cit.), see anarra. arra .i. geall, ut dicitur: isé arra ro ghabhus frim fíachaibh .i. lógh secht cumal do mairbhdílib, Ériu xiii 62 § 6 . mo c[h]orn ōir . . . / timnaim, ga hūaisle arra / do shaoradh m'anma ar olcaibh, RC xxxvii 352 § 5 . Hence of valuable objects in general chattels, ware, merchandise (see 2 errad): trí mairg déag do dháilis damh / re taobh t'éadaigh is t'arradh `small wares' (recompense to a poet), Magauran 2389 . brēc a māini 'sa medha / brēc a ōr 'sa arrada, ACL iii 239 § 17 . gidh bé arra iarroid soin / do-bearar leis do láthoir `whatever article the buyers ask', Aithd. D. 46.17 . tusa fear iarrtha ar n-arra `thou art the seeker of our wares', 19 . bhar gcuirn bláithe is bhar mbrannaimh / cuimhnighthior do chéadarraibh, DDána 74.48 . foireann brannaimh bile bhadhba / d'arraibh tighe in Daghdha dōibh from the valuables, O'R. Poems 3597 . dob é in droch-arra 'ar ndéchoin `how paltry when one had inspected him his value was', O'Gr. Cat. 440.6 . ní reacfa tú í ar énchor ar airgiod, ní dhéna tú arradh dhi (of the captive concubine who is sent away) `merchandise', Deuteronomy xxi 14 . Cf. mar nach fúaras arruid ar fhís 'as I found no substitute for [the] vision' Ériu xxi 116 § 4 .

(c) In legal contexts of the number of oath-helpers required by a person who was debarred from leading proof himself (also a.¤ cuir): caide cor? tricha fear; caide a.¤ cuir? coic fir dec, O'Curry 347 ( H 3.18, 192a ). is e méd an arra cuir .i. is e dligar lanarra na heisinnraice do reir coir: tri fichit fer do martra .i. diablad lanarra na heisinnraice this is the amount of the `a.¤ cuir' i.e. this is what is required, a full `a.¤' of `unworthiness' according to legality, sixty men to swear at the grave of a martyr i.e. the doubling of the full `a.¤' of `unworthiness', Cóic Con. 67.27 . airi forgill medonach no aire forgill is taire air[e] forgill in lethḟira in letharra, in lanfira ┐ in lanarra i.e. the middle a.¤ f. compensates by oath in the full a.¤ and half a.¤ , 38 § 52. is iat na tri arra antesta i.e. these are the three whose oath compensates for one disqualified from testifying, 40.2 . arra cuir o mnai eisinnric, Laws v 454.15 Comm. ma étged no anfes lethfiach ind ┐ arra cuir as n-étged ┐ as n-anfes, Cáin Ad. 35 . ma isli boaire is arra cuir aire; ma boaire do fine nach aile a luighi nama. O'Curry 2591 ( Eg. 88, 50 (51)b ). in lethfir testa ┐ in letharra antesta, 333 (H 3.18, 183). is arra cuir o antest ┐ fir testa o teist, 2003 (H 4.22, 30). is e lan arra na cairdi dias, Laws iii 134.10 Comm. a sena . . . é féin co lucht a leitharra, 108.23 Comm. a sena . . . go lucht a lanfira no a leithfira, ma inraic, no cu lucht a lanarra no a letharra mas eisinnraic, O'D. 2330 ( Rawl. B 506, 35c ). ? Hence: arra .i. tuarusdal ut est sena in arra .i. an tuarusdail, O'Curry 570 ( H 3.18, 284 ). testaigidh in esindraic a ruib co lucht a lanarrad no letharrad . . . masa tuarustal doniat, denat co lucht a fira for robaib na indraici ┐ co lucht a tuarastail, O'Curry 346 ( H 3.18, 191 c).

(d) In ecclesiastical contexts penitential commutation (substitution of a shorter and usually more intensive discipline for the normal penance prescribed by canonical or monastic rules): dona harraib ind so, title of a tract, Ériu xix 58 . a.¤ n-aill tri coicat cach læa, 58 § 2. arre ndubthroischthe, 60 § 11. iss ed . . . a n-arre tri coicait salm, 64 § 25. iss edh cethardae . . . ara ndentar na a.¤ , 58 § 6. ata dechor . . . etar na arre, 60 § 7. is a.¤ secht ṅoiffernn i.e. to recite the whole poem is equivalent in merit to hearing Mass seven times, Fél. Ep. 177 . is a.¤ trí tredan, 186 . arre troisccthe la diarmait da fítt chert chutrume . . . ┐ inddala hí do tabirt do día. Araile do tomailt fadein `as an equivalent for fasting D. used to allow two exactly equal rations to be made, and one of these to be given to God; the other he was to eat himself', Mon. Tall. 161.8 (§ 80) . dí biait déc arra na tri coicat, LB 10a40 `twelve recitations (of psalm cxix = cxviii) are a substitute for one recitation of the whole Psalter', Plummer MS notes. dub-throscuth inna medon nó arra troiscthe. Maith o duthracht etraid is bliadain pendite nó arre, Ériu vii 144 § 27 . nī fil do pecdaib nā hīcat na harra-sa (of prescribed penitential psalms), ZCP iii 30.28 . Of vicarious atonement (see Binchy loc. cit. p. 56 ): arra tessairgne anma a ifurn, Ériu xix 58 § 1 . doessairc anmandæ a iffurnd cach arra dona airraib-se, § 4.

v see GOI 353 , 358 , 360 ; KZ xliv 113 - 114 . Also IGT Verbs § 13 for forms in bardic verse, and Aithd. D. ii Vocab. s.v. beirim .

The perfective forms are supplied by ro-ucc-. The O.Ir. t-pret. is often replaced in mid. Ir. by an s-pret. as well as by mixed forms of t- and s-prets. Later the perfective form ruc- (also in some contexts tuc-, e.g. TBC-LL¹ 2935 v.l.) completely replaces preterite forms as a past tense. For exx. of conj. forms see also as-beir and do-beir.

Indic. pres. 1 s. biru, RC x 88.2 (see KZ xliv 114 ), Anecd. iii 28.15 . -biur, TBFr. 131. 2 s. biri, Ériu xii 135.7 . 3 s. berid, Wb. 6a13 , 29b9 , TBC-LL¹ 1271. -beir, Wb. 6c9 , -ber, Ml. 86d16 (but see CMCS xiii 1 ). (With suff. pron.) berthi, Wb. 23a19 . beirthi, Ml. 42b7 . berthus, Mon. Tall. 158.6 . (With ro) rom-beir `can bring', 148.13 . Rel. beres, Ml. 27c1 , LU 3776 ( SCC 34 ). 1 pl. berma, ZCP iii 222.13 , TBC-LL¹ 477. 2 pl. -berid, Wb. 9d15 . 3 pl. berit, Wb. 18c10 . berait, TTr. 1599. -berat, Wb. 28d26 . Ml. 103b16 . (With suff. pron.) bertit, Wb. 13a16 . Rel. bertae, Ml. 63c18 . berda, Laws v 198.2 .

Indic. impf. 3 s. -bered, Thes. i 494.28 , TBC-LL¹ 403 , Ériu ii 222.24 (sic leg.). 3 pl. -bertis, ZCP iii 204.1 ( LU 9568 ).

Ipv. 1 s. biur-sa, Metr. Dinds. iii 210.18 (cf. Ériu xvi 76.25 ). 2 s. ber, Ml. 38c28 , TBC-I¹ 450. beir, Thes. ii 310.30 , Fing. R. 722. 3 s. -bered, TBC-LL¹ 5962. 1 pl. beram, SR 2744. 2 pl. beirith, Blathm. 99 § 29.

Subj. pres. 2 s. -berae, Ml. 74d13 , 94a1 . -bera, Thes. ii 296.6 . -bere, ZCP viii 310.19 . 3 s. beraid, Ml. 37a9 . -bera, 43a2 , ZCP vii 308.29 , TBC-LL¹ 5963. 3 pl. -berat, Ml. 54a28 . Rel. berte, Wb. 9c12 . Impf. 1 s. -berinn, Wb. 10d36 . 3 s. -berad, TBC-I¹ 1337 , Ériu ii 196 § 11 , TBC-LL¹ 2488. 2 pl. -mbérthai (sic), LL 8051 ( TBC-LL¹ 595 ). 3 pl. -bertais, TBC-LL¹ 4340.

Fut. 1 s. -bēr, TBC-I¹ 1284 , -bér, BDD² 69. 2 s. béra, TBC-LL¹ 3689. bera, ZCP vii 308.10 . -béra, RC xxiv 198.5 . 3 s. beraid, Ml. 37a9 , TBC-LL¹ 1266. -bera, Wb. 1a8 . Rel. bæras, Ml. 94b7 . béras, TBC-LL¹ 3484. 1 pl. -béram, Wb. 29b15 . -berum, PH 608. 3 pl. berait, Sc.M² 4R. (With suff. pron.) bērtait, 4 . bérait, TBC-LL¹ 5773. béraitt, BS 94.25 . -berat, Ml. 54a26 . -mbérat, TBC-LL¹ 144. Rel. mbértæ, BDD² 548 , MU² 930. Condit. 2 s. -bertha-su, TBC-LL¹ 1047. 3 s. no berad, TBC-I¹ 1336 , PH 906. -berad, TBC-LL¹ 4300. 1 pl. -bermáis, TBC-LL¹ 1051. 3 pl. -bértais, Ml. 124b6 . -mbértaís, TBC-LL¹ 3616. -bertais, PH 599. -berdais, 611 .

Pret. 3 s. birt, Thes. ii 242.17 , ZCP viii 309.11 , RC xi 446. 11 , LU 10611. bert, 3160 , Metr. Dinds. iii 88.11 , SG 187.31 . -mbert, Sc.M² 10.8 . -bert, LU 10601. With pass. form -breth, Metr. Dinds. iv 232.19 . Rel. berte, Fianaig. 28.2 . 3 pl. ra bertatar, TBC-LL¹ 2875. Rel. bertar, Ml. 127d6 . -bertatar, 82d9 , bertatar, Corm. Y 1059 (91.7) . ṁbertatar, Tur. 130.

Pass. indic. pres. s. berir, Wb. 12d38 , 23c11 , 29a28 . berair, ACL iii 309.19 , TBC-LL¹ 2041 , LL 31255. -berar, Mon. Tall. 164.21 , Laws iv 62.17 , RC xxiv 182.21 . Rel. berar, Wb. 16d7 . Mon. Tall. 154.28 . berair, 155.23 . 3 pl. bertair, Ml. 26c6 , BDD² 212 , TBC-LL¹ 4722 , berdair, 4718 . Rel. bertar, Wb. 25c23 . Impf. 3 pl. no bertis , Wb. 16d4 . Ipv. s. berar, Wb. 7b4 , TBC-LL¹ 1643. -berar, Wb. 27a24 . Subj. pres. s. berthir, Wb. 27d13 . berthair, Ml. 37a8 . -berthar, 134c6 ; Fél.² Prol. 3. ? -bertar, LU 3295 ( SCC 9 ). -berar, PH 7563. Impf. s. no berthe , ZCP viii 309.15 . Fut. s. bérthair, BDD² 570. berthair, TBC-LL¹ 110. bért[h]ar, ZCP viii 212.13 . Rel. bérthar, Wb. 12d27 . Pl. -bértar, Wb. 15a3 . Condit. s. no bértha , TBC-LL¹ 1611. Pret. s. brethae, Ml. 52. breatha, BDD² 98. -breth, ZCP viii 309.24 .

Perfective forms. Indic. pres. 1 s. -rucaim-se, LU 5755 (= TBC-I¹ 1283 ). -rucaim, ZCP xiii 179.11 . 3 s. ro-ucca, Laws iv 176.1 . -rucai (racu, MS.), Críth G. 601. 3 pl. -rúgat, Ml. 75b3 . -rucat, 87c3 . Impf. 3 s. -rucad, BDD² 301. 3 pl. -ructais, ib. Subj. pres. 3 s. -rucca, Wb. 12c32 . -ruccæ, Mon. Tall. 154.8 . Rel. rucus, Ériu v 128 § 35. Impf. 1 s. do rucainn , Feis Tighe Chonáin 395. Perf. 1 s. ro uiccius , Wb. 9b6 . ? roúcos, LU 869. ron-ucus , BDD² 217. rucus, ZCP xv 307 § 2 (Caratnia). 2 s. rucais, LU 8246 ( FB 19 ). 3 s. ro-sn-uicc, Wb. 5b3 , ro uic , 27a22 . ro-ucc, Ml. 63c18 , rá-uc, 45a1 . ro-da-ucai, 46a19 . rofuc, Ériu v 36.30 . rohuicc, Fianaig. 12.12 . -ruc, MU² 953. 2 pl. roucsaid, LU 9205 ( FB 93 ). 3 pl. ra-ucsat, Wb. 26b11 . -rucsat, Ml. 23b5 ; 54d16 . rota-thuigsead (-huicset, v.l.), BDD² 200 - 1 . Pass. Indic. pres. s. ruucthar, Ml. 35b10 . -ructhar (perh. subj.), Ériu i 202.4 . Subj. pres. pl. -ructar, TBC-I¹ 1129. Impf. s. -ructhae, Ml. 104a8 . -rructhae, Thes. ii 241.9 . pl. -ructais, Ml. 125b7 . Fut. s. -ruccfaither ( rucfaider, LU 5395 ), TBC-I¹ 918. pl. -rucfaiter, 921 . Perf. s. ro-n-ucad, Ml. 104a8 . rohucad, Sg. 174a1 . rucad, ib. pl. ro uctha , Ml. 132a1 . ructha, 102c7 , ZCP xi 57 § 2. ructa, MU² 913. Vn. brith (see breth).

Later forms. Indic. pres. 1 s. berim, LL 8688. 2 s. -berai, TBC-LL¹ 925. 3 s. beiridh, TSh. 9670. -berend, PH 7574. 1 pl. bermait, LL 17003. Impf. 3 s. -berad, TBC-LL¹ 891. 3 pl. -bertís, MU² 275 . Subj. pres. 1 s. -berear: dheireadh, Dán Dé xvi § 12 . 2 s. bheire, Duan. F. ii 72.20 . Impf. 1 s. -beraind, Ir. Review 1912, 250 § 19 . 2 s. mbeirt[h]ea, ZCP viii 109 § 9. Fut. 1 s. berait(se, Trip. 238.3 . bérat-sa, MU² 320. ZCP viii 312.8 . béar, TSh. 10521. 2 s. -berair, Ériu iii 164 § 17. 3 s. béaraidh, Dán Dé xxvii § 3 . 1 pl. bermuid, ZCP vi 66.8 .

Pret. and perf. 1 s. ra bertus-sa, TBC-LL¹ 2888. 3 s. bertis, TBC-LL¹ 4435. ro-das-beir (beras, v.l.), 4728 . beiris, ML² 396. 3 pl. ru bertsat , ZCP viii 104.12 .

Pass. indic. pres. -berair, IGT Verbs ex. 169. -beirthir, 172 . -bearar, Introd. § 13. Fut. béarthar, TSh. 1153. Forms from ruc-. Subj. pres. 1 s. -rucur, TBC-LL¹ 1870. Pret. and perf. 1 s. do rucus , Feis Tighe Chonáin 1277. -rugus, 367 . 2 s. rucais, PH 1868. 3 s. ruc, SG 112.14 . ruc (rugustair, v.l.), ML² 404. 1 pl. rugsamar, TTebe 3966 . -rucamur, Feis Tighe Chonáin 1901. 2 pl. rucabhar, 998 . 3 pl. rucadur, 405 . Pass. rucad, PH 304. -ruccad, Ann. Conn. 1307.10 . pl. rucait, ZCP xi 62.8 . PH 2002. rugaid, TTebe 4750 .

I

(a) carries: nosbered gl. crucem . . . portabat, Thes. i 494.28 . is do thabirt díglae berid in claideb gl. gladium portat, Wb. 6a13 . hi fēnai bretha arm laiside, TBC-I¹ 1279. ara rucca cách a mám `that each may be able to bear his yoke', Ériu iii 104 § 33. berid iarum a muicc 'na hucht `carries', RC xiv 246.20 .

(b) In abstract senses adduces; infers etc. (of arguments, facts, etc.): berit in soscéle do imthrenugud ueteris , Wb. 18c10 . dearbhadh eile bheir tu asteach other proof that you adduce, Rel. Celt. ii 293.22 . bertit alaili tra combad spirut nóib robói in profetís `some take it', Wb. 13a16 . scél asa mberar co mbad hé Find mac Cumaill Mongán, LU 10938. is edh rucc-som assin what he inferred from that, CCath. 3241. ná beir uaim nach fuair Féidhlim `do not think I deny that F.', Content. v 104. b.¤ dígail inflicts vengeance, punishment: amal adnaigther fírbrithem beres digail cech ancridi, Ml. 27c1 (cf. do thabirt díglae, Wb. 6a13 ). See dígal.

II bears, brings forth, in pass. is born: in tan ṁberes claind is failid iar sin, Ml. 129c8 . indí . . . duamberar cland, Mon. Tall. 132.2 . rugais toircheas is tú it óigh `thou hast conceived', A. Ó Dálaigh xiv 7. cia tir i rrugad Gaedeal `in what land was G. born ?' Auraic. 15. Fig. an tan ghabhas an ainmhian, beiridh an peacadh (= parit peccatum), TSh. 6970. tarnocht . . . beirthear sinn (= nascimur), 7722 . Of animals: bi slan oga ceathra an tollbaire beres ba, O'Curry 2527 ( Eg. 88, 43b ). Of laying eggs: aen ogh beires isin slíab sin cacha bliadna, RC xxiv 377.3 .

In more general sense yields, produces: berid in bo atúaid trian mblechta sech in mboin andeas, Dinds. 60. no berta na harbair fo thrí cecha blíadnae, Airne F. 352. Fig. tosach rabhuidh rug a dealbh `His aspect became threatening', Ériu iv 112.15 .

Intrans. absol. in: sanntaigh an saidhbhris rucus gu maith dot anaim desire the riches that may profit etc., Ériu v 128 § 35.

III judges, passes judgment (usually with breith, etc. in figura etymologica and with FOR introd. indirect obj.): cisí breth rucais?, ZCP xv 306 § 1 (Caratnia). rucus, etc., 307 ff. § 2 - § 52 . nách beir for nach néle gl. non iudicat, Wb. 6c18 . bat hé berte bretha lib, 9c12 . berir breth foir gl. deiudicatur, 12d38 . birusa for firu soera, Anecd. iii 28.15 . bertid brith (bertaid breith v.l.) for ēc Dēāth, Ält. Ir. Dicht. i 54 § 15. is me dano bæras mes firian foraib, Ml. 94b7 . ní berat fírbrithemnachta, 103b16 . ní ruc gói riam . . . fer rodhuc, ZCP viii 311.31 . biriu glossed brethemnuigim, O'Curry 440 (H.3.18, 237a). diamba brethum nis bera gan ḟis cin forus cin fasach, O'D. 2211 (Nero A vii 145b). nāthó . . . ní rucaim I cannot pass judgments, ZCP xiii 179.11 . ber breith iter do macaib, ol si, cia dib gebus t'forba. Ní bér, ol se, acht béraid Sithcheann drai, RC xxiv 194.1 . rucc Maodhócc do breith air féin cona cléir . . . guidhe tara chenn, BNnÉ 261 § 221 . rugatur in cúaisti ┐ in breithiomh maróen Brian do beith sáor, ZCP i 117.25 . b.¤ fuigell see fuigell. Hence of dreams interprets, expounds: ruc tra Patraic forsinn aislingi `expounded the vision', Trip. 176.25 . ruc Ethne breith na haislingi sin, Lism. L. 800.

IV carries away, takes (with one) (opp. of do-beir) (freq. with LA with reference to subject):

(a) In concrete or physical senses: na berat a n-erpther doib, Wb. 31c12 . ni berthar ind imerge `must not be taken', RC x 222.24 . nī scarfam . . . co rrucsa do cheand-so, TBC-I¹ 1200. beirthe lais S. `S. takes him', Blathm. 97 § 23. in rí chon-daigi hi foss / mani-mbera latt, ní fogbai, Thes. ii 296.6 . rucusdar leis ar a muin é, Ériu i 124.27 . beirit a n-eachroidh ar aradhnoibh leō `they led their horses by the reins', Fl. Earls 66.21 . dinaib brataib bertae `of the spoils they carry off', Ml. 63c18 . genti bidbaid bertar (: trebtar) `guilty pagans who are carried off', Fél. Prol. 175. acht a mbértae eóin ina crobaib, BDD² 548 . no bertis Con[n]achtai a bú-si `the C. used to carry off her kine', ZCP iii 204.1 - 2 . fir gontair mna bertair women are being carried off, LL 11451 ( TBC-LL¹ 4722 ). beiris leis na curna, Ériu ii 186.27 . ni berend in gadaige leis acht a mbeir cen fhis , PH 7574. antí dorat as ē ruc, ZCP vi 269 § 3. nach feas cá galar rug é, Keat. ii 2118.

(b) In fig. and abstr. senses: berthi (leg. bérthi, edd.) leiss co cenn gl. perficiet, Wb. 23a19 . ba hé less nod-ṁbert `the purpose which had brought him' ( Études Celt. ii 6.2 ), TBFr. 156. bret[h]a barann coimdhidh cáidh `was subdued' lit. was carried off, AFM ii 594.19 .

V Hence with meaning carries off absol. and in phrr. b.¤ barr, búaid, cluiche, etc. secures, wins (highest place, a victory, a game, etc.): bid hé beras in curadmír who wins the champion's portion, LU 9014 ( FB 76 ). is andsin dorimgart-seom / a eneclaind for Midir / . . . / conosruc iar ndáil dligid `he demanded his honour-fine from M . . . . and obtained it after award by law', Metr. Dinds. ii 4.28 . créd ima ruguis an baire orm? Má rugus báire ort . . . béarad leat arís é, RC xxix 116 § 13. cia haca le mbearthar barr `that excels', TD 28.24 . ni bertais buaid díb they would not overcome them, IT i 72.10 ( LMU 8 ). birt būaidh [n]-eccna / hi cūairt Éirenn, ZCP viii 197 § 6. ba mor do coscur chathbuadach rucas-[s]a tred chumachta-su `much . . . triumph have I achieved', TTebe 3178 . a mbuaigh ní rugadh a-riamh they were ever unconquered, O'Hara 3387. beirigh sisi bhuaidh ar gach n-énní dá ttairgionn a claoi, Desid. 2161. nobidis oc im[b]irt fithchilli cach dia . . . nobered C. cluithi na nona for I., Anecd. i 11.26 (SCano 358). ní rugadh aonchluiche air `he never lost a game', O'Hara 1373. ni rodam nad beir a roí `who does not win his battle', Ériu ix 49 § 34. birt a ráena forru he defeated them (in a game), LU 4984 (= TBC-I¹ 495 ). rucsat ar in ríg in raen `had overreached the king', Ériu vii 227 § 62 . ní biur do thóchaill dind ḟithchill `I do not win against thee at chess' ( Études Celt. ii 5 ), TBFr. 131. is [s]ainmuinter cach la fechtus bēus beress a tochell ( cluithe, Thr. Ir. Gl. 21 ), Corm. Y 607. (with implied direct object) uair roucsaidse for nUltaib . . . do slúagaib na tíri sin you U. have excelled, LU 9205 ( FB 93 ). rucsat na Troiannai do daínib in domain amal nabad do ṡíl daíni doib etir, LL 32109 ( TTr. 1296 ). rucc (glossed ro dersccaigh) Ith do breithemnaibh a aimsire ar amhainse `I. excelled the Judges . . . in cunning', Leb. Gab.(i) 244.16 . is samlaid ruc cach ben dia seitche ar écin each woman forced her way ahead of her companion, LU 8256 ( FB 20 ). Cf. ro élaidhset ass na Gaill febh as déine ronuccsatt dialaile, Hugh Roe² 98.11 .

VI gets, obtains; takes: cach crich roucca a techta ni dligaide tairgille na smachtu `every land which has given (recte taken) what is lawful', Laws iv 176.1 . aisic na set rugadh do muin na comairce `restoration of the `seds' which were given (taken?) on account of the protection', 232.25 . uaire na biur (nach berim, LU 1567 ) th'ascaid, IT ii2 209 § 3 . ni béra (berair, v.l.) usce uam, ol sisi `no water shalt thou get from me', RC xxiv 198.5 . bertís dliged `they received their due', Metr. Dinds. i 24.18 . bērtait (berait, R) in coin, Sc.M² 4. ní ruc na cepóca cé ruc na heocha, Sc.M² 20(R) . Legal obtains, inherits (land, etc.); incurs (liabilities), is liable for: moirseisiur nosbeir co mbuaidh / cumal tsenorba ní suaill `seven persons obtain, with triumph, the `cumal tsenorba',' Laws iv 42.4 Comm. ( Stud. in E. Ir. Law 141.9 ). iar n-ecaib in fir berius orbae a brathar `of the man who receives the inheritance of his kinsman', Stud. in E. Ir. Law 137.20 . berti `he (the son) takes it (i.e. inheritance of land)' ( Stud. in E. Ir. Law 156.29 ), Laws iv 48.3 Comm. beirid cach dibad ┐ cinaid araili `each receives the inheritance and incurs the liability of the other' ( Stud. in E. Ir. Law 149. 18 ), 42.31 Comm. (of tutors) nocha mberait cinta na mac bis ag foglaim foilfecht (see F s.v.) aca `they do not sustain the liabilities', 236.19 Comm. (of a woman's `coibhche') isin coibhche tanaiste is dá trian no beireadh a athair ann; . . . is lugha beireas brathair oldas athair `her father . . . would have had two-thirds; and a brother gets less than a father', 64.4 Comm. in fer berus techtugad isin ferand, 2.16 Comm. i n-orba cruid no sliasta a mathur beris sisi in techtugad sin `that she makes that entry', Stud. in E. Ir. Law 133.20 ( Laws iv 14.26 Comm. ).

In phr. b.¤ díriug `carries off, obtains' ( GOI § 381 ), see díriuch. With adverbial as takes away: rom-beir as Pátraic ┐ ron-bennach `P. took him thence', Lism. L. 513. rugadh dá sheisi úam as `two comrades are snatched from me (by death)' (Notes), Bard. Synt. Tr. 28.y . saves, rescues: mac side ingine Lōith . . . bert a māthair ass ina brú his mother preserved him in her womb (from massacre by the Aitheachthuatha), ZCP xi 91.3 . cred beirius C. ass cen tuitim limsa, FDG 697. With refl. pron. takes oneself off; escapes: not-ber as dom'inchaib depart from my presence, ZCP i 105.1 . notbeirsiu as fó chetóir, SG i 312.1 . nod beir as amhail as ferr cotniocfa escape as best you can, TFrag. 208.16 .

VII In expressions of time.

(a) spends, lit. takes (time) (cf. do-beir I (m)): ? issí no bered in sechtmad n-aidchi i ṅgalad d'ḟeraib hErend for in t-ṡluagad do lacht, TBC-LL¹ 403. With adverbial as: na beir th'aimsir ass do réir mian do cholla, PH 7816.

(b) Intrans. lasts, endures, keeps (see Duan. F. iii 47 ): in fad (sic leg.) bhéaras as long as it endures (viz. an duan-sa, 75 ), Dán Dé xxv 76 . fada b[h]ēruid (sic leg., ed.) `long they shall live', Duan. F. i 54.16 . d'éis na buidhne nách buan rug `after that shortlived company', TD 25.34 . béaraidh mé go buan, Dánta Gr. 90.22 . ? an feadh rug a teas don ghréin, 85.6 . beiridh a brigh a cnáim craidhi in fiadha deich mbliadhna fichet `the virtue lasts for 30 years', O'Gr. Cat. 230.9. With as: gurub meinic beireas an easlainte so as gu ceann ceithri la ┐ da .xx. ead that this illness sometimes continues, 23 P 10³, 35b14 . rucatar as in adaigh sin co solus-trāth ēirghi ar n-a mārach, ML² 1079. ni rug og na sen a comfad-so as damh riam gan toitim lium `held out against me', ZCP vi 101.7 . do rugadar as mar sin go haimsir E. they continued in that way, PCT 392.

VIII carries off, away (from etc.) with prepp. A, AR, DI, etc. cf. IV; note b.¤ as under VI, VII. ni béram ass dano gl. quod nec aufferre quid possimus, Wb. 29b15 . bertair dano briathra asin stoirsea innun, Ml. 26c6 . nocon ructaisseom cid a delg asa brot-som nammá, LU 4991 ( TBC-I¹ 502 ). do foglaim na Tāna rucc in sái rōmānach á hArdmacha, ACL iii 5.30 . berid . . . a sūil asa chionn plucks his eye from his head, ACL iii 309.1 . ní berae a salm ar assaph tri nephscribend in tituil se riam `thou shalt not take from A.', Ml. 94a1 . rucad a rosc airi he (viz. the dying Cú Ch.) was deprived of his sight, RC iii 181.27 . etach berar do áos tuati a garment that is taken from the laity, Mon. Tall. 154.28 . nicon berat a drúcht dind fhéor, MU² 565. dos lēicim-se dō in ngaī cétna co mbert a lāim de it struck off his hand, Sc.M² 10. gan mharthain do mhac Áine (sic leg.) / rug don éigse a hamháille `has robbed poesy of her gaiety', Studies 1924, 89 § 30 . In phr. beirid ed di (ó), see 2 ed. ní berae siu hua duaid in salm so `thou shalt not take from David this psalm', Ml. 74d13 . masa indeithbir ro-n-uc uad . . . no ro-n-uc deithbir uad, Laws iv 34.32 Comm. tanic merlech . . . co mbered molt cech uare uadi, Thes. ii 336.43 . dia ructar (ructhar, ed.) ar mnā dōera uand, TBC-I¹ 1129. do-thíaguit na mná immi, ┐ berdait (beraid, v.l.) úaidib i ssíd Crúachan, TBFr. 131. ní huaibhse rug an nglaic ngloin, Studies 1918, 282 § 15 . cía ráott beres rígi Temrach . . . ó chlaind C. `what is it that deprives the offspring of C. . . . of the Kingship of Tara', BColm. 76.3 . bearar uatha an corp ré sruth na Bóinne the body is swept away from them by the current of the B., Keat. ii 5414.

With advv. berthus ind arbar sis `the grain carries it (i.e. water in gruel) downwards', Mon. Tall. 158.6 . acht a mbeir (sc. in gadaige) cen fhis , PH 7574.

IX carries, brings to, etc. (with CO, DO, DOCHUM etc.) (= do-beir). (Somet. with LA, cf. IV) berid taisi B. co Ros Cam les `takes B.'s remains to R.C.', RC xxiv 182.11 . forcmath mo brīathra, bērtait co būaid they will bring him to victory (?), ZCP xi 98 § 63. nombered cách ar uair dina maccleirchib dochum a tigid (sic) leu, Mon. Tall. 155.6 . beram co noibi nemthech let us carry it (i.e. the tower of Babel) up as far as holy heaven, SR 2744. go mbeiri Rí . . . sinn dochum coda na beathadh sīordhuidhe, Parrth. Anma 744. In more or less abstract senses: teinnes . . . beris nech cum atcomuill `disposes a person to dropsy', Rosa Angl. 322.3 . i toimtiu nábad do hierúsalem .i. opes nobertis, Wb. 16d4 . beirsiu lat é do[t] tigernu, Thes. ii 310.30 . noco rucaimse cend úain bic don dúnud `I am not the man to carry . . .' ( Stories fr. Táin 49 ), LU 5755 (= TBC-I¹ 1283 ). ? ní bertis da rótaib / ar uamain a cathmi, LL 6595 ( MS. Mat. 493 ). is do soscelu berid int apstal in salm so gl. transferre, Ml. 42b7 . cia beraid doib a remeperthe though he refer to them the aforesaid, Ml. 37a9 . namber du chesad `he applies it to the Passion', 86d16 . berir dano fri laa brátha, Wb. 29a28 . ruucthar fri cach rét it can be applied to everything, Ml. 35b10 . mad fri frecur cheill De nosbera, 43a2 . ae freslighe . . . cid la dechnaid berthair though it be included under, IT iii 74 § 34. nachib berar i smachtu rechta fetarlicce, Wb. 27a24 . nos berad i llías ṅgamna they carry her into, BDD² 76. bertair immorro da boin ind `are . . . brought thither', Dinds. 60. berthius C. mac E. i n-Aird Ladrann fodes immirge na n-Deisse `C. sent the wandering host of the D. to A. L. southward', Cymmr. xiv 108.4 . b.¤ i mmudu see madae. ros bertsat uile fóe in oenḟecht they all fell upon him at once, TBC-LL¹ 912. no-bar-beraid uili fóe sút, TBC-LL¹ 907. biru iarom mo chois forsan carraig, RC x 88.2 . ninruc for maith ar sóire `has not brought us to good', Wb. 21b3 .

V. freq. with prep. FOR (later AR) catches up, overtakes, etc.: b.¤ Tigernan . . . forru ic Ath Fhirdeadh `comes up with them', AU ii 120.1 . ni ḟil fiad arna bermís `would not overtake', RC vii 294.24 ( LL 29171 ). da mberthar ort, ZCP viii 541.6 . ruc an oidhche air `night overtook him', ZCP xi 136.16 . go rucc for esparta na manach `returned . . . in time for the vespers', BNnÉ 295 § 21 . mana fághbadh fortacht fá cend trí lá nách bérthai ara fortacht that it would be too late to help him, Expugn. Hib. 32. nach bérthaoi i mbethaidh forra muna thíosta dia ccobhair a ttraitte, AFM vi 1918. 5 . go mbéaradh (Niúl) ar aimsir Mhaoise san Éigipt `should have survived till', Keat. ii 243. ní bheir an athmhadan ort / gan a mbí id dhún do dhúsocht `no morning finds thee', Aithd. D. 8.36 . an trath beris se ar a leth dorchaigid se uile e `when it spreads over half of the moon, the shadow (of the earth) obscures it completely', Ir. Astr. Tr. 86.24 . d'éis leighis orchra Uladh / beiris ortha an t-urdhubhadh, Aithd. D. 23.22 . ní fhuil cadad eidir .s. ┐ .c. le mbéradh bogadh air by which it might come to be devoiced, IGT Introd. § 30. ní fhuil cruth a mbearar ar .sh. nach amhlaidh as cóir úaim ria .sh. is not found in any position such that . . ., § 13 . beires L. ar Aódh seized, TBC-LL¹ 3897 n . (of a key position) beire ar sheas meadhóin Midhe, Aithd. D. 15.13 . beiris i n-a bheōl . . . ar lampa airgit seized a silver lamp in its mouth, Fl. Earls 138.1 . is ar bhrághaid uirre bheireas, TSh. 2324.

With imm (= do-beir II (d)): arrombuí dech . . . do thimthaigib . . . issed bertatar umpu ind éicis, Corm. Bodl. 32. With tre: berir dano a ndede sin trisin testimin so, Wb. 10b19 . co rucasdur bern .c. ┐ .1. tresin cath siar sechtair he cleared a gap for 150 . . ., Ériu viii 32.25 . co mbert crand trít transfixed him (with the spear), LU 1576.

X With nouns expressing movement: berid iarum a cem annuas `he steps down', Ériu v 32.30 . is ing ma rofuc nech díb a choiss sech araile, LU 8253 ( FB 20 ). nach bēram oired ordlaig tar ar n-ais nō cēim ar culaib, ML² 1379 - 80 . hisse leth rucsum a reim he directed his course, Rawl. 87a29 , ZCP viii 264 § 15. bertais amus arna sluaghaib he attacked the hosts, 543.18 . ruccsat ruathar dochum an cleirigh, BNnÉ 34 § 55 . in ruathar ronuc fon sluag the onslaught that he made upon the host, Ériu v 240.30 . ruc sidhe dian dasachtach futha he made for them, Fier. 233. bheireas léim ainmhear inntibh, Content. xxv 7. béra ó bháirc a caladh chúairt, IGT Decl. ex. 1005. b.¤ súr, see súr. Note also: feibh as deine ronuccsat as fast as they could go, AFM vi 2120.21 .

XI For do-beir gives: bertais rabudh ┐ oirchisecht do she gave him warning and commiseration, ZCP viii 541.4 . co rohuicc secht cētguini `dealt', Fianaig. 12.13 . bertais beim do, ZCP viii 552.27 .

XII Various phrases.

In greetings, salutations; malediction, censure, etc. with meaning takes (somet. = do-beir): tabhair is beir mo bheannocht (addressing a letter) `carry my blessing', Studies 1920, 569 § 25 . berid Émine bennachtain ona flaithib ┐ facbaidhsium alaile, Anecd. i 45.6 . See bennacht, búaid. bērat-sa slán lim I shall take my leave, ZCP viii 312.9 . In phr. b.¤ airbiri receives reproach, see airbire. berid trīst ┐ mallachtuin nōem nHērenn take with you the curse, ACL iii 3.23 .

In phr. b.¤ aithniu (aithne) see 2 aithne.

b.¤ buide gives, returns thanks: `tucc dúin uile,' ol in cerdd `berma buide,', ZCP iii 222.13 . See 2 buide. b.¤ cádus, onóir (do) (cf. do-beir) pays respect, honour (to): onoir ┐ cádus don dardáin, amal no-s-bertís don dómnach, PH 327.

b.¤ díga di see dígu: fis a mbrígha do-beir d'ḟilidh / nach beir (geibh, v.l.) díga d'idhibh óir who does not spurn, IGT Decl. ex. 75.

With eól, eólas (for earlier do-beir): beiridh th'inneach iul do dháimh, DDána 74.67 . beir eolus díreach damh-sa / . . . / don chathraigh guide me straight, 73 . beiris Abán eolus conaire doibh lasin tapar, BNnÉ 9 § 32 .

b.¤ fis (a ḟis), see 1 fis gets, obtains information, etc.: ni berair let a ḟis ní as mo na sin `that is all the information that thou wilt get', Ériu iii 164 § 17. bhéar mé fios mo bhríathar = I will make known my words, Proverbs i 23. rucad īarum a fis-sin co Colum Cille `that news was brought to C.C.', BColm. 54.20 . birt (bert, MSS.) mōit/mucu búaid-Bairchedo (see móit (a)), Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 21 § 2. bertsa mo chubus co grian / in gach cath andecha riam, SG 187.31 .

b.¤ do rogu: ber-si do roga anois cia dib gresfi dochum an chatha `take thy choice', TTebe 4321 . berid Sreng cuigidh Connacht do rogain S. makes choice of the province of C., Ériu viii 56.38 . rogha do ríoghmhnáibh Uladh / ruguis, TD 27.41 . maor rugas mar ragha riamh, A. Ó Dálaigh xxxii 4.

adj I o, ā

(a) blind in one eye: caech gl. luscus, Sg. 24b1 . sí c.¤ losc oc blégon bó triphne, LU 6248 (TBC). As a pn sobriquet: Ingcél Caech, BDD² 221 . for Congal (sic leg.) caech, Laws iv 178.13 . Alaxander maic Pilib caeich, ZCP vi 88.13 (note p. 164). mic Airmeadhaigh Chaoich, Keat. iii 2414 . Also with túath-, see 2 túath-, and leth-. In more general sense purblind, dimsighted : cāech a ceco, quasi cāech .i. ōn dailli, Corm. Y 218 . O'Mulc. 196 . a bel cailligi caiche, IT iii 103 § 200 . bíonn an fhearg caoch ionnas nách leigion sí do dhuine na neithe bhíos ro-sholus d'fhaicsin, Párl. na mB. 1379 . móel cáich (n. pr.), Thes. ii 251.15 . Of an animal: intan roba chaech . . . in sét, O'D. 1629 (H 5. 15, 16).

(b) Extended applications. Of seed, nuts , etc. empty : cnoi caecha, LL 13579 . is cutal caille .i. cnú cāech nó dule feda, O'Mulc. 757 . amhail bhīos cnū caoch ar choll, ZCP x 51.12 . acht cná caocha dá ngoirthear / cnuas na gcrann neimh-fhis . . . / tré nach faghar uatha iar sgéith / toradh acht ainbhios uile, Content. xvi 85 . cruithneacht chaoch, TSh. 4653 . is cnú chaech nad bí ammáin … cách na déni toil in Ríg 'he is an empty nut whose nutriment does not exist … everyone who does not do the will of the King' LL v 36780 , Stud. Hib. xix 33 . In sense of defective metrically, see caíche and IGT Metr. Faults §§ 108 - 115 .

II As subst. person blind in one eye: di chaich, di daill, Laws i 124.z . di ch.¤ .i. bec de rusc aice. di d. .i. in ben lan dall, 140.33 Comm. bacach ┐ c.¤ ┐ clam, Vita Br. 38 . fer ro chunnig a oenṡúil ón chaech, LL 13294 ( RC viii 48 ). ? sescbaid cade sund in cæch / forsa torchair Congal cloth, Ériu v 240.142 . c.¤ láibe mole(?): 's an chliar go cleasach le cealgaibh bláithe / aca dá gcaochadh ina gcaoch láibe, Hackett² xliii 172 .

Compds. re tecmaisin ... caechadbaidh (sic), no dluigisidhe isin niubhar, O'Curry 1863 ( 23 P 3, 20a ). caechadh buighi . . . ┐ dlusaighi do lestraibh, 1103 ( H 3.18, 447b ). caochad baidhe ┐ dluthsighi .i. deirge dhe do lestraibh, O'D. 803 ( H 3.17, 576 ). Cf. 1 odbach? a chaech[ḟ]oguir ┐ chomraid rig nime (of Mary) hidden, veiled, mysterious , YBL 163b35 . cna cáochmhogail, O'R. Poems 220 . archangilica urtica mortua .i. caochnendog, ACL i 330 § 2 . an chaochruadh (of a woman), DDána 120.22 .

v (dídnaid, see do-dona) comforts, consoles : ro choimdidnasstair indi naem Muiri ind fhis , YBL 156b21 . roscoimdidnus, 155b17 . nos-comdhidnand A., Aen. 1216 . comdídantar he i n-a mogadu he is comforted in his servants, PH 6576 . coimdidnaphas ┐ saerfas sind 'who shall comfort and deliver us', ITS xxxiv 102 § 52 . Vn. comdídnad.

n o = compán. c.¤ cumpánach m., IGT Decl. § 17 . hic socer companach, Ir. Gl. 378 . foghlaidh cruidh mo chumpánaigh, O'R. Poems 268 . gan cuidiughudh carat na companach unaided by any friend or ally, Stair Erc. 1562 . a chompánuigh charthanaigh, Phil. iv 3 . dom companachaib cristaighi my fellow-Christians, Laud 610, 23b (Plummer MS. notes). do fhis a compánaigh díthreabaig his comrade the hermit, Maund. 128 . c.¤ mucada, SG 62.25 . Note also: i farrad fhir compánaig dam, Lism. L. xxi n.1 . companach sithe, L. Chl. S. 3 .

n u, n. a nd.¤ , Sg. 63a13 . dinn mbera (n. loc.?), SG 148.17 . Originally a spike, a point? Cognate with ON tindr spike, tooth, mountain-peak. Cf. mō nā cliab co dendaib dēs a basket with spikelets i.e. ears of corn, BB 402b8 .

(a) height, hill: [d]inn ainm gach druimne, Metr. Gl. p. 17 . pridchaiss fri dē i ndinnib (glossed i telchaib), Hy. ii 28 ( Thes. ii 315 ). dionn .i. tulach nó cnoc, O'Cl. d.¤ .i. cnoc, Lec. Gl. 83 . dinn tulach ┐ dinna tulcha, O'Dav. 743 . dinn .i. ard nó cleth[e], 649 . isé in cnocc mór mó cach d.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iii 180 . ith ┐ blicht for cach d.¤ on every height, LL 200b48 . sab suithe cech d.¤ on every eminence, ACC 26 ( RC xx 168 ). senchas d.¤ Erenn inso, RC xv 277 . bla cethra d.¤ a hill constitutes an exemption as regards (lit. of) cattle, Laws iii 296.11 . rí os cach airm os cach dinn, SR 209 . rí . . . tuarcgab cach d.¤ dia dulb, 7438 . rosiacht d.¤ richid the hill (fortress?) of heaven, 2099 . iscorsit . . . for d.¤ flatha finde, Fél. May 17 . bit áird úas d.¤ fhlatha they will be high above the Kingdom's height, Prolegomena 155 . sliab Sióin ina d.¤ uasu, LB 157b35 . gan mheath cnuais ar choll ndatha | . . . | . . . ar gach dionn, Content. xxx § 19 .

(b) fortified hill, walled or fortified town, citadel, stronghold: a ṅdind suthul á nomen gl. oppidum Suthul, Sg. 63a13 . D.¤ Map Lethain. . . . .i. Dūn Maic Liathain, Corm. Y 883 . D.¤ Tradui .i. dūn tredūi, 883 . Babilōin d.¤ rochumtaig Nīn, ZCP iii 18.33 . d.¤ dianid ainm Ilia, TTr. 1014 ( LL 231a9 ). dochum denna ┐ rigimscingi Príaím, 1845 ( LL 241b ). Toghail dénna Arimin annso sís, CCath. 382 . iar n-indriud in denda, BB 424a41 . rig-dinn Bresail Bregamain, Metr. Dinds. ii 80 . ar na dindaib rocumdaiged leo i nErinn, Lec. 576a6 . gur gabsat dí chathair déc dia ndinndaib (or for dind[g]naib?) dithoghlaidi, ZCP i 398 . breó dar dinna a torch over fortresses, AFM an. 898 = AU 902 (poem). d.¤ betha the world (lit. the fortress of the world): nocon fhuair for d.¤ betha acht tri locha, LL 5b35 (`on the fort of Bith', Leb. Gab.(i) 62 ). Cf. d.¤ domuin, SR 866 . Fig. of a person a citadel, an eminence, a towering figure: d.¤ oc libur leigdocht he was an eminence in the book of the law (of C.C.) .i. no forcanad libru rechta co clethi, ACC § 27 . Drongach Doile d.¤ gaile, Rawl. 85a1 . an dionn eagnaid is geal gníomh, Ó Bruad. ii 136 . Of a notable event climax: Dinda na Tāna so sis .i. Caladgleo Cethirn, Fīacalgleō Fintain, etc., TBC-I¹ 2747 .

(c) stead, notable place: na tri dinna .i. Síd in Broga ┐ Duma na nGiall ┐ Dun Crimthain, Dinds. § 3 ( RC xv 291 ). do dindaib Ua ṅAmalgaid annso .i. Carnn Amalgaid ┐ Tir Amalgaid ┐ Fearsad Threisi, Dinds. § 135 (RC xvi). hi maig Find . . . mórtha d.¤ the spot was ennobled, Metr. Dinds. iii 394 .

(d) mansion, court: dinna na n-ingen . . . for fiarláit in dúnaidh, ZCP i 372 . bit cethra dinna anorcha acu soin, 368 .

(e) pinnacle, peak: eclais iar na cúmtach o cholomnaib ┐ o dinnaib ardaib, LB 159a57 . no foghluaisiond . . . dar dendaibh agus dar droibelaibh, TBC-LL¹ 5620 (Stowe).

(f) In nn. loc., see Hog. Onom.

(g) Used figur. in amplificative sense foll. by gen. of definition: bid bláith do deog a d.¤ chuirn from a mighty goblet (?), Ériu iv 106.8 . d.¤ chuirn, ACL iii 307 § 20 . ? conusaicet in scoith ndimoir | d.¤ comart[h]a tire tarngire a prominent sign (?) (of the land of promise) (but see below under compds.), ZCP x 410 . sé 's a drúth, ba d.¤ dīrmma a striking cavalcade, BColm. 88. 19 .

(h) as adj. agreeable, pleasant : dinn .i. aibhinn, O'Dav. 735 . d.¤ .i. cnoc no uasal nó aibind, Lec. Gl. 83 . dinn .i. aibind, Stowe Gl. 69 . sephainn co grinn ceol (sic leg., coel, text) nglain ṅgil | bái a thoirm d.¤ fo secht nimib, SR 2160 . na sáraig Samuel fáith find | congab grad núalnar náebdind, 6026 . ? dá fagur tairisi dind, Celtica xiii 12.203 .

Compds. ¤bile a lofty old tree: ronfáema ar dinnbile (of Christ), SR 8223 . a rí na ríg, is tú mo dín mo dinnbile, IT iii 41 . ¤brat a mighty cloak (?): cet each ndonn ndindbrataibh (dínbhrataibh, LL). BB 278b16 . ¤chomartha a prominent sign: gur ferad cith cruaid-ger cloithnechta dinncomartha ármuigh dferaib Erend (cf. MR 236 where O'Don. from another MS. reads, probably rightly, d'innchomarta), LL 410b7 . ¤chor: a mighty setting forth (?), a great enumeration (?): ni fail do dainib . . . | nech thucas tria dindchur de | na fail d'ingnud lam rígse, SR 335 . ¤fher a notable man: Dímman derrit d., Gorm. June 27 . ¤fhogal plundering of fortresses (?): mór . . . leath-truim díth is dionn-fhoghla, Keat. Poems 996 . ¤gére: ar a d., IT iii 189 . ¤mall (?): dognith la Finnbarr . . . cumtach d. daigfethal, SG 84.37 . ¤mór: dia fúair deg-raind dindmóir | i crích Sengaind a noble share of strong places (?), Metr. Dinds. iii 298 . ¤ogam fortress-ogham (technical gramm. term): dinnogam .i. aicme bethi .i. Bruiden, Lifi, Femin, Scolae, Nemthend, Auraic. 5687 . ¤orc[h]aill: Donadhach dindorcaill a noble protection (?), AFM i 516 . ¤roga: a high choice, something noble or pre-eminent: mac fial Finnloga . . . | dim (leg. dia?) cech dindrogha dliges `to whom is due every choice honour', Lism. L. 3470 . ¤shenchas history of notable places (lit. hill-lore), topography, legendary lore: inn eól dúib a d.? LL 152b9 . feib adfét in súidi snas, | is desin a d., Metr. Dinds. ii 44 . ba suithe in cach dindsenchas, LU 657 (ACC). friscomarca filed .i. duili berla ┐ dínshenchus ┐ primscéla hÉrend, IT iii 50 . is cuman lim . . . dindsenchas clainne Adaim, LL 376b35 . d. na cnocc ┐ na tulach, Acall. 4788 . re táib dindsenchais cach cnuic, 2436 . dubláidi dindshenchais dait, Metr. Dinds. iii 20 . nobiad aici a fhis dindsheanchais cach inaid sund, YBL 195a20 . a shenchaidhi . . . na fhochair ┐ sé ag déanamh dinnshenchais na criche reimhe dho, ITS v 28 .

n iā, f. (doinmech) adversity; misfortune; misery: cen soinmigi ┐ doinm[i]gi do tecmung du cech óin diib, Ml. 90c27 . cuingid techta a doinmigi hi soi[n]migi (sic leg.) seeking to pass from adversity to prosperity, 102c5 . d.¤ damsa ┐ soi[n]mige (sic leg.) doibsom, 91c2 . cen donmige, SR 8375 . sāime cen d.¤ rest without adversity, RC iv 256.5 . dosfárraid araill do dhóinmigi asin t-sóinmigi moir sin, Alex. 640 . rocúrad rosedlad se | rodedlad fri doenmige, Metr. Dinds. ii 68.46 (reading of LL). ic tairchetul in ingrema ┐ na dóonmige, PH 1450 . dia fhis in soinmigi nó dóinmhigi nobhiath dó don cath, ZCP i 364.24 . cu cudruma . . . eter sonmighi ┐ donmigi, CCath. 3212 .

n d, m. Orig. druï, and disyll. in early poetry, cf. SR 3849 , 3858 . See GOI 43 , ZCP xi 276 , O'Brien, Ériu xi 169 . Later draí. dro, Celt. Rev. iv 112.22 . drúid, IT i 129.31 (Eg.); Lat. Lives 9.1 ; PH 1728 , 1737 . v s. drái, PH 1811 . g s. druäd (druad). d s. druïd (druíd). don dráid , PH 2122 . dia drui , IT i 129.27 . a s. druïd (druíd). drui, IT i 129.17 . n du. da druith , Wb. 30c17 . in da drúith , Ériu iii 140.185 . n p. druïd (druíd). in druid , SR 8339 . draid, PH 7059 . Later druíde ( drúidi, TBC-LL¹ 4545 ), draíde. draigthe, Ériu iii 160 § 13 (B. of Fermoy). v p. drúide, TBC-LL¹ 596 . g p. druäd (druad). d p. druïdib (druídib). drudib, LU 3452 ( SCC § 23 ). draídib. a p. drúide; drúdi, LU 4026 ( SCC § 48 ). In later lang. draoi, pl. draoithe; the older forms, esp. gs. and gp., persist in poetry and are oft. used in juxtaposition with the later, apparently without difference of meaning: na ndruadh . . . na ndraoithe , Keat. Poems 798 , 800 ; druadha ┐ draoithe , O'Rah. xx 5 (1911) . draí m., IGT Decl. § 85 .

(a) In older lit. usually in techn. sense druid: Cathbad d.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 1070 . Cathbadh caomhdhraoi, 5489 (St.). co ndigsed d'acallaim a druad d'iarfaigid fessa ┐ fástini de, 191 . drúidi ┐ fádi ┐ fissidi fer nErend, 4545 . geis don ríg labrad rena druidib, 4725 (cf. TBC-I¹ 2989 , MU² 235 ). Mainchenn druid do Brettnuib, IT iii 240.156 . breitemain ┐ druid (classed as `daernemed' persons), Laws v 90.20 , with gloss .i. doniat in feth fia no in [ḟ]aisdinecht, 27 . a druid fri Lóegaire tichtu Phatraic ní ceiltis, Hy. ii 21 . amail rusgellsad draide ┐ degfāidi, RC xiii 222.10 . rotecht druidhe ┐ tinchitlidi doairchaintis trena ndruidecht, Lat. Lives 2.4 . fri brichtu ban ┐ gobann ┐ druad, Hy. vii 54 ( Thes. ii 357 ). tri druid Dagda, Ériu vii 221.5 . draoi ré hiodhbarta do dhéanamh ┐ ré tuar maitheasa nó uilc don chrích, Keat. ii 5332 (in Christian times replaced by an `anmchara', 5345 ). Distinguished from `corrguinigh', RC xii 90 (the latter bewitched the bodily functions of the hostile warriors, the `druíd' induced natural phenomena). They appear among the damned on Doomsday, SR 8339 . Attrib. g s. and g p.: do thonach drúad-su thy druid's tunic, Trip.² 586 . gaeth druad , Lec. 28b6 ; Leb. Gab.(i) 256.4 . erbe druad, AU 560 (see 1 airbe). bandrúi druidess: Bais bandruadh (one of the `aés síde'), ZCP viii 104.23 . tri ferdruid ┐ tri bandrúid, TBC-LL¹ 2402 = di (leg. tri) drúid ┐ a teóra mná, TBC-I¹ 1767 (LU). bandrai ┐ bancumachtach mē, ZCP xii 252.14 .

(b) magician, wizard or diviner in general, oft. used of equivalent of the druid in non-Celtic peoples. In religious lit. d.¤ corresponds to Lat. magus: dogéna sáibfirtu . . . amal dondrigensat druid triitsom (of Antichrist), Wb. 26a20 . ticdis a ndrúide ┐ a n-óga coisecartha (of heathens), PH 335 . soebforcetul Simóin in druad, 1736 . drai Cruithnech, Lec. 31a7 . seisear demnach druadh (of Picts), Todd Nenn. 144 . da druith aegeptacdi, Wb. 30c17 , cf. SR 3849 . na druidhe egeptaca, Laws i 20.21 Comm. na dráide Indecdai (of the Magi), PH 2838 , cf. 6931 , 7050 . in rétla resna drūithibh | o hiart[h]ur domain, ZCP v 25 § 13 ; Ériu ii 198.20 ; TSh. 7683 . draide farsaide ` magicians of the Pharisees' (rather doctors, wise men ), PH 2256 . faidhis Cublay a draidhe uadha dia fhis in soinmigi no doinmhigi nobhiath dó, Marco P. 58 . Applied by heathens to Christian thaumaturgists: no démnigitís co mba drái Petar, PH 1738 . rocreit don dráid robris ar n-ídlu (of Bartholomew), 2122 . ? In cheville: derb druad, SR 6777 . In good sense: is e mo drai Crist mac De, Misc. Arch. Soc. i 6.2 . is é mo drái ní méra | mac Dé, SG 79.24 . draoi a charmer , Eg. Gl. 369 . guth na ndruagh the voice of the charmers, Psalms lviii 5 . Transf. of a wren (?): drúi donn, K. and H. 26 (for the wren's association with divination see dreän).

Somet. confused with drúth jester: tánic in drúth . . . i n-uch[t] in druad, ZCP iii 218 § 37 . Cf. Metr. Dinds. i 26.178 , where drúithib is coupled with furseoirib in some MSS.; ZCP iii 262.30 : a tri druid (drude, LU 10547 ) dēnmo glām ngēr (leg. druith ?); xiii 350 where gen. Druith Cosalaig, l 3 = in druad , 1.5 .

(c) In mod. lit. esp. poetry usually poet, learned man: primh-drūith ┐ primh-ollamh Connacht, AFM 1067 . Néidhe draoi, Keat. Poems 116 . grianán dáimhe is draoithe, 1483 ; cf. 757 . Ériu iv 56.62 , Content. xxv 6 , O'Rah. xx 5 , Hackett xix 26 .

As n.pr. m. g s. mic Druadh , ITS xv 45.18 = m. Druaidh [Druagh, v.l.], 22.30 . In n.loc.: bellum Ratho in druadh, AU 595 . ? tri Duib Druad, TBC-I¹ 3512 .

Compd. druaghfhile, 3 C 13, 597.14 . fo-ceird in druígoba[e] hUilc hAiche cóic cresa imdegla[e] fair 'the druid-smith' The Heroic Biography of Cormac mac Airt 121.56 .

n [i, f.] Not found in earliest Ir. lit.; for compar. and superl. duliu, dulem see 1 dil. Also occas. dúile, Eg. Gl. 219 . Cf. g s. dúile, Phil. i 8 .

(a) desire, fondness, inclination: ? hi flaith Nechtain . . . | fríth bunad don bith-d.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iii 218 , cf. Dinds. 46 . gnáth d.¤ a ndiaigh oileamhna propensity generally follows training, 3 C 12, 20.2 . d.¤ chédfiadhaigh con do chlódh, 3 C 13 , 515.3 . d.¤ talmhoidhe, 796.4 . d.¤ na toile do bheith ag giall don réasún, TSh. 2996 . do dhóirtis do dh.¤ pouredst out thy affection, Keat. Poems 1389 . nach raibhe d.¤ aca ceartughadh do dhéanamh, Keat. iii 5734 . d.¤ do bheith againn go measfadh cách to desire that, Donlevy 156 . tré mbeirmíd d.¤ ┐ grádh do Dhia, 238 . do-bheir an pótaire d.¤ don digh d'ól, TSh. 2005 . níor chosmhail d'inghin impire d.¤ do thabhairt do luighe ré n-a shamhailt d'athlaoch, Keat. iii 4593 . Folld. by obj. gen.: d.¤ uagnis love of retirement, Donlevy 336 . gan d.¤ óil ná aonaighe, Maguires of F. 63 . bruth feda dair úr . . . tinn cenn tís ó a dh.¤ headache comes from a fondness for it, SG 245 . d.¤ luisne 'na gruadh gheil, A. Ó Dálaigh xxv 6 . aibhne dúthchasa Domhnoill . . . 'na dheoidh fa dh.¤ doi-mheanma yielding to dejection after him, lii 43 . More generally with I N-: gan d.¤ i ndrochbheart, Ó Bruad. ii 280 . a gcorrán, a bhfeac ná a súist | ní bhia ar nd.¤ , PCT 1093 . atá a dh.¤ a ndligheadh an Tighearna, Psalms i 2 . do shaor Sé mé do bhrígh go raibh d.¤ aige ionnam, xviii 19 , xxii 8 , xxxvi 27 . an d.¤ do bhí agad am fhaicsin-se the desire you had to see me, Eochairsg. 61 . na nÉireannach ag a raibhe d.¤ i ndíomhaoineas (= Hibernorum otio deditorum), Keat. iii 2904 . cuirim d.¤ i n- I desire, covet, am fond of: gur chuir mé mo dh.¤ a ttigh mo Dhé, 1 Chron. xxix 3 . gibé rí . . . do chuirfeadh d.¤ i n-inghin bhrughaidh, Keat. ii 4640 . is iontuigthe nach cuirthe dhúinn d.¤ sna neithibh talmhaidhe, TSh. 2790 . ? With DO: bagair do gráin chatha ar chách | gá mbia rét aghaidh ur-sgath | coisg na goimhe is d.¤ dise | i ngloine úir mh'aighthe-se `your face should put off its fierce aspect', Content. xxiv 20 (perh. for 1 dúal, q.v. See also dúla below). Of amorous inclinations: de ḟessaib nā dúlib nā dálaib . . . brec-ingill ban cendḟind Connacht, TBC-LL¹ 4018 . an eagal leat ganntan amm do dhúla?, ZCP v 223.738 (Midn. Court). a mhná na dúla, 884 .

(b) Folld. by FRI (re, le) hope, expectation: do bhí mo dh.¤ red' ḟocal-sa I hoped in Thy word, Psalms cxix 147 . gan súil re sealbh a n-alba | nó duil re n-ainm hathardha, Rel. Celt. ii 256 . gan d.¤ re toradh ag tréd, 238 . do scrios a ndeachaidh dom dh.¤ | re sreathaibh a fhis is a fhialrúin my expectation of the streams of his knowledge, Ó Bruad. ii 238 . gur baineadh d.¤ dá shláinte d'asioc chuige that the hope of restoring his health was taken away, Maguires of F. § 12 . mar dh.¤ go ttugadh se sealbh a dhucha in the hope that, Rel. Celt. ii 154 .

Compd. ¤mín of gentle desires: dís dúilmhín daonnachtach, Ó Bruad. ii 284 .

See dúla.

n ( físi, LL 208a10 ) ī, f. (<Lat. visio) g s. na fisi , LU 9833 . n p. físi, Wb. 27a27 (only instance in Glosses). a p. físi, LU 2141 ( FA 21 ). A vision (esp. one of symbolic or prophetic import) : f.¤ a uisione , Corm. Y 595 . O'Mulc. 545 . f.¤ .i. taidhbsi, O'Cl. Metr. Gl., Ff. 74 . doaidbdetar físi doib, Wb. 27a27 . ind fissiu [ = fís-siu ?] do fuaslucud, SR 3356 (by Stokes taken as distinct word). adbul físi armothá (.i. mor int aslingi atchondarc), LL 208a10 = IT i 162.5 . doarfas f.¤ ...do Forann, SR 3225 . indisidh Forann ... a ḟis ┐ a aislingthi YBL 287a2 . cēin trā rognīthea ina fisiseo during these dreamings TBC-I¹ 3098 . atchonnairc ... aislinge ┐ fis, PH 413 . tadbas P. do S. hi fhis aislinge, 348 . tria failte na haislinge ┐ na fisi aidhcidhe of the nocturnal vision CCath. 4386 . nā tuc h'aire re figisib aidche, MR 8.13 (= dfhísibh, FDG 40 v.l. Cf. LB 232b56 , cited under fithis). ualach ghlinne na fise the valley of vision Isaiah xxii 1 . gan f.¤ ar dháimh no vision among bards Keat. Poems 568 . Hence name of a class of Irish tales dealing with visions : fisi ┐ serca ┐ sluagid ... .i. ... Fis Mna Nemid, Fis Concobair, Fis Chuind Cetcathaigh .i. Baili in Scail, etc., Anecd. ii 45 - 46 . LL 190a41 .

n u and o, n. later m. (used as vn. of ro-finnadar, ro-fitir). O.Ir. forms : n s. fius(s), Wb. 10b27 . 10c1 . 30a8 . b16 . Sg. 209b26 . fis, Ml. 46c24 (usual Mid. Ir. spelling). a s. cen fius , Wb. 25c4 . fiss, Hy vii 55 . d s. fius(s), Wb. 16d12 . 28b23 . Sg. 209a6 . Thes. ii 36.28 (also in petrified phr. duús, dús < do ḟius. See Strachan, Phil. Soc. Trans. 259 § 33 ). fis(s), Ml. 61a13 . Thes. ii 19.33 . g s. fesso, Wb. 14d30 . fessa, 26d15 . LB 72b5 . feasa, TSh. 310 . ind ḟiss , Wb. 5c16 . Sg. 33a27 . Mid. Ir. generally fessa, but forms fluctuate : mac Roḟis, RC xxvi 30 § 132 . mac Roḟessa, § 135 . n a p. fess (neut. form) Ml. 73b7 . 128d10 . Thes. ii 27.34 . Mid. Ir. fessa.

I

(a) the act of finding out or ascertaining ; knowledge, information , with obj. gen. : f.¤ timnae nDae, Ml. 46c24 . fiuss do a muntire knowledge to him of his household Wb. 30b16 . ba coir do fiuss inna n-ídol it were right for him to have knowledge of the idols 10c1 . f.¤ cech neich ┐ cech belra occa he has knowledge of all things, etc. PH 1975 . i n-ecmais a ḟessa ┐ a eolusa in absence of knowledge of the matter TBC-LL¹ 1561 . ar ffaghbhail a ḟesa co mbaoi Ua C. dia bhrath, AFM vi 2248.11 . d'fhagháil fheasa ┐ eólais ar an somharbhthacht, TSh. 310 . ni mō inā ic Dia itā a f.¤ `God alone knows' Cog. 184.34 . do chúalaidh éighmhe ... ┐ adubert a fhis cia do denadh an éigheam, Imr. Brain i 59.7 (= a fhios do thabairt cuige, ZCP xvii 349 ). do-bhéaram dhuit ... fios t'uaisle I shall tell thee of TD 30.22 . crann feasa maitheasa ┐ uilc, Gen. ii 9 . Rarely folld. by prep. : cf. do lou brāthai cech f.¤ fīrtait all tidings of the Day of Judgment ACL iii 303.26 . guid-si in Coimdhi ma f.¤ im ar comarlecad to find out whether we shall be allowed 225.7 . F.¤ SCÉL tidings, information: ar lainni fesso scél on techtairiu because of the eagerness for tidings Wb. 14d30 . táncamár dot ḟ.¤ scél to get tidings of thee LU 2334 . foidid C. Loeg dia ḟ.¤ (do f.¤ LU) scēl dūs cia cruth mbotha, TBC-I¹ 1572 . fios a sgéal tiding about him PBocht 20.13 . Common with proleptic poss. pron. and folld. by subst. or dependent clause : a fiss mad āil duit | dechair maith ┐ mōrhuilcc if thou wishest to learn the difference SR 1329 . is mó a fius deitsiu a ndorigeni di maith (gl. melius tu nosti) Wb. 30a8 . bíd a fhis lib cor cretset na gennti, PH 2302 . rob ail liumsa a ḟ.¤ d'ḟagbail uaitsiu cia icá raibe in dúnad, Acall. 2632 . beag a fhios agad ... cia misi, Studies 1924, 243 . fagh a f.¤ damh in beó nó in marb C., CCC 113.3 . CEN Ḟ. : cen fius dúib without your knowing Wb. 25c4 . In loose constr., where proleptic pron. might be expected : cen fis do neoch a beith aice none knowing that he had it PH 56 . cen f.¤ accu beos he buden ina cristaige ib. (Absol. ) secretly, unnoticed: ni berend in gadaige leis acht a mbeir cen fh.¤ PH 7574 . ac foraire co nach bereadh Conall orra gan f.¤ , CCC 118x . ? ná briss ḟorm lugi gan ḟess, TBC-LL¹ 3507 (cf. 2 feis). CO F.¤ : cin co fiss guilt incurred wittingly ACL iii 222y . CO F.¤ DOM with my knowledge ; so far as I know: co f.¤ dō nacha dligenn knowing that he is not entitled to do so Laws iv 58.10 Comm. go bhfios damh, TD 3.38 . go bfios dhuit féin, Mac Aingil 144.11 .

DO F.¤ (fius)

(1 ) to find out, to investigate (see also dús) : doregat ... do fis ind adamri-sin, Ml. 61a13 . táet L. lat ... d'f.¤ in tiri, LU 3348 ( SCC 13 ). ticed ... d'is cech réta, LU 3654 ( SCC 32 ). liaig ... d'ḟ.¤ galair cach aen uile, ACL iii 223 . téid ... d'ḟios na habhann, Keat. iii 2590 .

(2 ) folld. by depend. interrog. clause : do fius cid lae sechtmaine forsombi, Thes. ii 36.28 . C. do lecud uadib da ḟiss cid bái sind áth, TBC-LL¹ 706 . techt do saigidh a mban dia fiss in iat a cuirp dobatar [ann], ACL iii 224.27 . gur scrīp ... go rīgh F. ... dia fhioss crēd badh indēnta riu, Fl. Earls 22.12 . Folld. by dús : ised tancamar da f.¤ dús in rosgab ..., LB 63a33 ( IT i 40 ). dia ḟ.¤ dús in díriuch m'urchor, TBC-LL¹ 1185 . Cf. is ē roduc for fis Cathair, Rawl. 116c6 ( Ält. Ir. Dicht. 15n .).

(3 ) to seek, visit: dochuaid E. d'ḟiss a brathar, IT i 121.19 (cf. ar f.¤ Labrada, LU 3624 , SCC 31 ). ni thancubar dom fhiss (= non visitastis me) PH 6160 . adhaigh dhamhsa do fhios Bhria[i]n one night I visited B. Ériu i 96.28 . tic ... d'fís a mic, RC v 198z . go bhfuil d'ḟiachaibh orruinn an t-aifrionn d'ḟios ┐ d'eisteacht, Eochairsg. 106.26 . nach déin an bás moill gan teacht d'fhios gach aoin, TSh. 87 . ar ngealladh d'fhios a uaighe to visit his tomb Dán Dé iv 27 . Somet. simply = towards: d'fhios an dhorais, Ó Héodhusa 9.6 .

(4 ) rarely folld. by depend. affirm. clause with co = that it may be known: gabar in pater i sanais ... dia fh.¤ conid comfhocus in comdiu ... to show that the Lord is nigh PH 8001 . is aire atberad ... comtar lána ón spirut noeb, dia fhis co na talla spirut aile accu, 5479 . Cf. ricob ... d'ḟ.¤ mo genais to prove my chastity Ériu vii 229.9 . d'fios a lámhaigh to test their shooting SGS iv 64 § 23 .

FO F.¤ to, towards: gluaisid ... fa fhios caithleomhain Cláir S., Ir. Monthly 1926, 472 . IAR F.¤ when revealed, made known: fiachach cach folludh iar f.¤ every neglect is liable after it has been found out Laws i 264.16 . fuisitiu cach ra[i]th iar f.¤ after due cognizance (of notice in case of contracts due to persons whose interests are affected) ZCP xv 252 § 9 . as iarna ḟios do chluinim (= I hear on good authority) ZCP i 62 § 45 . CÁ F.¤ (folld. by dep. neg. or interr. clause) who knows but ? perhaps: ca f.¤ nach dinghnad mo comurle ?, ZCP vi 92.23 . cá fios nach tiucfadh ad theagh ?, Studies 1924, 243 . gá fios nach faicfe... ?, Dán Dé xxv 30 . ga fios nach aimeosainn ib , 23 F 16, 8 ; 23 L 17, 95b ( O'Gr. Cat. 456 reads `fhios'). gá fios damh ... an mbiam an uair oile ann ? how know I if I shall live another hour ? TSh. 1826 = Dán Dé v 5 . gá fios an tnúth cáir `who knows whether it be fitting envy ?' SGS iv 60 § 7 . As alleg. npr. m. : Fis mac Aithfis (a druid) RC xliii 24 § 23 .

(b) absol. or with subj. gen. that which is known ; knowledge (as an intellectual acquisition) : one of the gifts of the Spirit, dist. fr. 1 ecna(e) `wisdom' and int(ṡ)liucht `understanding' ZCP v 499 § 4 . f.¤ ... .i. etargna, O'Mulc. 545 . ɔrop éula i fiuss et æcnu (gl. doctorem) Wb. 28b23 . ind ḟiss asberar michanicé of the science called `mêchanicê ' Sg. 33a27 . fri fegi f.¤ `against the keenness of science' Thes. ii 293.23 . fri cech fiss arachuiliu corp ┐ anmain, 357.9 ( Hy vii 55 ). [multitudo scientiae] .i. immad fessa ┐ ecna, PH 6237 . ba laind [sic leg.] lais a scela ┐ a f.¤ do cloistecht his lore Ériu v 20.19 . uisge ┐ fios fuair an dall, PBocht 10.33 (ref. to the blind man who received sight and the power to read, Lism. L. 60 ). fios an dá Ríoghsa the true account of these two kings Studies 1932, 140 . níp riágol cen ḟiss rule without knowledge Ériu iii 104.1 . in tres fis is mó rofaillsiged dó riam one of the three greatest revelations Acall. 2663 . eochair fessa foglaim ZCP vi 270 § 10 . ranna do ḟromhadh bhar bhfis to prove your story Content. v 156 . dét fis tooth of knowledge (`the tooth under which Finn placed his thumb to obtain revelations ; cf. Fr. dent de sagesse, Eng. wisdom-tooth', Stokes, Acall. Gloss. s.v. dét ) : tuc a ordain fó a dét fis, ┐ do faillsiged fírinne dhó, Acall. 203 . 1835 . beich fesa ┐ beich aerda ┐beich cundtabartacha ┐ anfesa 'bees of known origin and bees in the air and bees of doubtful origin and [bees] of unknown origin', Bechbretha 182 (a) ​. The meaning occult knowledge, revelation , is probably the one in such exx. as the follg. : lucht fessa ┐ eolais (i.e. soothsayers) CCath. 921 . popul na druidecda, popal iatsén da fognaitis fesa ┐ faistine 725 . rofoghluinnset na hingina fessa ┐ duile ┐ amaidecht, Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. ii 15.15 . fir co morḟiss ┐ go mórḟastine ┐ druidect TBC-LL¹ 1453 . Cf. fuba co fessaib ... .i. ... pisoga do [denum dó], O'Dav. 930 . fis ogh (conventional etymological gloss on fásach 'legal precedent'), Ériu xxxii 88 .

(c) a message, notice, summons: in uaitsiu rosiacht f.¤ dó whether the message came from thee LU 3660 ( SCC 32 ). berair in f.¤ sin chuci, LU 5848 . dobir fiss don chill brings the news BColm. 96.20 . CUIRID F.¤ (AR, CO) sends word to, sends for, summons: cuiris C. fios go hAlbain i gcoinne saoir C. sent to Scotland for a wright Keat. ii 5236 . do cuir fis ar ceann Manannain ... do caitheamh na fleidhi `sent for M. to partake of' Ériu xi 188 x . cuiris A. fios ar chloinn R. ... dia radh riú ... teacht, Content. xxviii. 15 . do chuir M. fios oile ar chend Eirc also sent to E. CCC 75.12 . cuiris fios go Fionn ... Magnus ... do theacht `sent word to F. that M. had come' Duan. F. ii 320 . With ellipse of vb. : fiss uait co Fiac[h]a send word to F. LL 297b15 ( SG 365.15 ). f.¤ a ndeadhaigh mo secht mac send for MR 44.5 . fios ar a c[h]end co cloinn Neill ZCP viii 221 § 42 . In pl. tidings, summons (somet. apparently messengers) : fáitti fessa ┐ tec[h]ta uait-siu cot chairdib, CRR 7 . ra fáittea fessa ┐ techtaireda ar cend Ḟ., TBC-LL¹ 3012 . do riachtadur fessa ó rig M. ar cend naemPátraic co mbeth ara tṡoiscela, Acall. 5384 (`messengers ... to fetch P. and to tell him that the king would adhere to his gospel' SG ii 232 ). eirghit fesa uaibh dia saigid, Lism. L. 2975 .

(d) description, appellation , an extension of (a) : Ser Gyi o Berbuic m'ainm ┐ m'ḟ.¤ ┐ m'eolus ... ag sluaghaibh Saxan, ZCP vi 30.16 .

(e) in B. na filed honour, generosity: ar fios (.i. gart .i. einech), ZCP v 285 § 4 .

(f) transf. a learned man, a sage ? ceithri fis isna cathrachaib, sin .i. Morfeasa ... is iat na .iii. filid ... (of the sages of the Tuatha D.D.) BB 32a25 (= cetri druid isna cetri cathrachaib etc. RC xii 58 § 7 ).

II In n a p. inna fess , Ml. 128d10 ; Thes. ii 27.34 ( BCr. 39b1 ) ; isna fess , Ml. 73b7 (gl. scita in all cases) f.¤ seems to be used as a participle known ; See 1 fes(s), and GOI Translators' Note no. 68 . cf. also phr. : is f.¤ dom I know: is f.¤ dún conid mór in bert, TBC-LL¹ 1222 . See also Wb. 10c2 where Thes. editors read : is [an]d [is] fius do dia he is known to God.

Compd. fis-ecna knowledge and wisdom: fisegna, ZCP x 44.29 . See also fiscomarc.

later as simple verb, fóemaid, fáemaid. Ind. pres. 1 s. foemaim, LU 8488 . ni fuimiu , ZCP viii 314.21 . 3 s. conda foím , Ériu iv 163 § 27 . faemhuidh, -faemhann, Lism. L. 2923 - 4 . 3 pl. fáemit, LU 9036 . (With suff.) foemtaitt, ACL iii 303 § 12 . pres. subj. 3 s. ron faema , SR 8223 na rofaomae , Mon. Tall. § 54 . past subj. 3 s. rofaemadh ZCP v 502.22 . acht con ḟaemadh , ZCP xiii 174y . pret. and perf. 2 s. foremais, TBC-LL¹ 4012 (forfáomhais St) 3 s. ni foet , RC xxv 346 § 2 (cf. ni foet , ACC 96 ). nad ḟoet , TBC-I¹ 1336 = fáet, LU 5807 ( ni forroet , Corm. Y 698 belongs to ar-foím. cf. also ní for-étt , Ériu xiii 26.30 ). gur fhaomh , PBocht 5 § 27 . nír faemastar , TBC-LL¹ 2186 . ro faemastair BNnÉ 322 § 29 . nír aemasdar , YBL 394b18 . 3 pl. ni foetatar , Anecd. iii 63.10 . nar ḟaemsat , LL 141bz . Middle Ir. fut. stem fáemóbh-: fóemhōghaidh, ZCP xiii 174z But: ní ḟaemabh , IGT, Verbs ex. 583 . See ib. § 67 , where the short vowel is queried, and in some copies condemned. Vn. fáemad, fáemachtain q.v.

In general sense accepts, cf. ar-foím.

(a) accepts, receives (person or thing; DI or ó from), often with notion of approving, countenancing: ni rofoemus sai ... mnai, ZCP iii 237.8 = nír forfáemusa, LU 10323 . úair nad fáet úad a targid dó since he did not accept from him what he had offered him LU 5807 . ro thairgedar do Ercuil a righi ┐ nir fhaem-sam sin, Stair Erc. 490 . fu[a]cair ... do chlannaib S. ... na roḟaema duine dib | ingena ... Caín command the children of S. not to take unto them the ... daughters of C. Rawl. 76a22 (= LL 141b27 ). ochtor do sil Seth ... naroemsat Chain ib. Rawl. 76a 26 (= nar ḟaemsat LL). ní roḟaem nech ... in n-ardríg, Metr. Dinds. iii 342.63 . ar na roḟoem in gilla hi bus hi as the youth (Joseph) did not consent to join her LB 115b1 . tri bliadna deg ... rofaemadh Niall was accepted (as king) BB 50b20 ( MacCarthy 422 ). duīne ... conscelaigetar do briathraib esbaib ... ni rofaemtha cucut thou shalt not admit to thy company ZCP iii 29.12 . ni ḟaomha luighech laimthech, Ériu xiii 20.12 . do aomh sé Muire mar mhnaoi, Dán Dé ii 13 . a anim ararb urusa aslach cech uilc, ┐ ná ro ḟóem in maith itir, PH 8116 . cén mótá uathadh na ro ḟaomh baitsiodh nā creideamh uadh, AFM i 130 . faemais R. inni sin donti náemh F. accepted that (blessing) from F. BNnÉ 321 § 24 . in gáir tucsumar nir ḟaem heeded not MR 40.6 . hit ēsin a n-anmann | dia faemtatar togarmand from which they received their appellations ZCP xii 246 § 20 (corresponding to: conid uaidib ar-femat anmanna, 245.2 ).

(b) agrees to (a proposal), consents (to do something), with neg. refuses: eircid, for C., cussin fer ... Foemaimsea sin tra, for Cú Ch., LU 8488 ( FB 34 ). ba si comairli Ulad forro ... fáemitsium dano ani hisin, LU 9036 ( FB 78 ). ba dirsan duit nách athesc ... Fergusa foremais, TBC-LL¹ 4012 . ca tindscra chuinghi ... ? Mo beith ... ac in ḟir. In fáeme-si siut ? ar P. Fáemaim ... cach ní adera-su rium do dénum, Acall. 6680 . faomaid umaloitt do denum, BColm. 56.10 . nír faemsad na cleirigh anmain, KMMisc. 319.4 . nír aemh codlud lea máthair, Lism. L. 258 . admháil Iosa ... níor aomh aon-asbal eile no other apostle confessed Jesus Dán Dé xx 14 . ro faemabair mo mharbad, Ériu iii 160.8 . rofóemad leo a bás ... menisoerad mo Rígmac they had agreed to slay him SR 3133 . faemais F. ... a breth dosan mar dubairt `agreed that he should receive his award' Ériu iv 226 § 50 . eirgedh ... cu F., dia fhis in bhfaemhann an cis-sin ... Faemhuidh F. in cís-sin ┐ geallaid a thabairt uadh, Lism. L. 2923 . rogabh A. ... do comrag la F. acht conḟaemadh F. provided F. would consent ZCP xiii 174y . do aomhadar cáin do dhíol uatha, Keat. ii 3954 . nír faemastar Fer b. [cen] in comrac do denam F. would not consent to relinquish the fight TBC-LL¹ 2186 = nir ḟoem F. cen in comrac, etc. St. nir fhaem orumsa ... dul isin glenn would not go in to the glen for me Comp. CC 86.12 . gach itchi nár ḟaomhus ort which I did not grant for thy sake ZCP x 348 § 13 .

With ellipse of vn. obj.: muna faoma am imdaigh if thou wilt not come to my couch ZCP i 134y . ro innsidar nar faem Bibus leo that B. had refused to come with them vi 278.32 .

Passing into sense undertakes, attempts (to do something): is snámh a n-aghaidh srotha sin ... ┐ ní ḟaomhaim-si é, Todd Lect. iv 90.26 (perhaps = I do not accept the task). faemait ... teiced ceilgi rompo take to feigned flight CCath. 3101 . ro faemustar in t-athleim `made a second leap' MR 234 4 . cradh Cind Faelad ... do faemadh la Findachta, BB 50a46 ( MacCarthy 416 ). (ellipt.) ó ró thuit C , ... ┐ ro ḟaomhsad Laighnibh as a láithrib catha `betook themselves from their positions of battle' (= gave way ?) Todd Lect. iv 104 § 45 .

(c) accepts (ill-treatment, etc.), submits to, allows: is tūscu ro ḟaemomais-ne sin inás do ticfámais tar in mbreithir doratsum, CCath. 1682 (foidenmis; no fodemmais v.l.). gur fhaomh a ghabháil `deigned to be made prisoner' PBocht 5 § 27 . mina faemair do gabail unless you consent to be captured ZCP vi 36.12 . do aomhsad a léirscrios tar sáile amach, Hackett xv 37 .

(d) yields, concedes, grants, allows (with DO of pers.): dona fíb nochretitis ... ┐ no fáemtaís a n-anmchardine dó LU 2262 ( FA 32 ). faomhuis ... don mnaoi ... | Ráith Ráithleann do bheith da ghairm | ...mar ainm ar an múr [sic leg.], Ériu i 99.5 . foemuis Magnus doibh oirisium for dliged a sen, Marco P. 25 . inní nár faematar a athair nā ṡenathair do fémad dó to yield to him what ... never yielded Cog. 142.19 . ro fhaomhsat Tuath De D. an righe do Breas, Leb. Gab.(i) i 164.13 . neamh dá humhla go n-aomhthaoi may heaven be granted to her meekness (used to be ?) Ó Bruad. ii 122 z.

Cf. Cenel nA. ni theiged hi Caisiul co núe, ar ni foetatar ni assa cuit i mBruig Rig ...; is N. namma di maccaib C. dobert mbruig Rig do Chaissiul. ni foetatar a maic olchena, Anecd. iii 63.10 .

n f. fóir [g s. fóire, fóra] tóir táir (ó énchéill) IGT, Decl. § 42 (where the form fáir is proscribed as incorrect). Perhaps same word as 2 fóir. The earlier meaning seems to have been pursuing party, rescuers (see tóir) but it is commonly used in wide sense, band, company: foir `.i. foireann crew, company, fixed number, inhabitants etc. ' P. O'C. hÍ D. ... fōir raba cruaidi cungnam, Hy Fiach. 234 . toeth Leth Mogau ... re forlond na fōri `L.M. shall fall by the force of the pursuit' Fen. 278.12 (of the battle of Móin Mór, where a raiding army led by the king of Munster was defeated by the Leinster forces, AFM 1151 ). sluaigshiortha ar fh.¤ echtrann, O'Gr. Cat. 513.10 . don fhoir aoidhedh nirb antrath (a band of guests was always welcome) BNnÉ 221 § 112 . do bhíodh f.¤ fa a stíoróip ag stríocadh | dob árrachta i ndánacht 's i ndighnit, Hackett xxxix 291 . v s. a fhoir an fhis (.i. a foirenn an eolais), Leb. Gab.(i) i 36 . d'éigsibh is d'ḟ.¤ bhocht, Ó Bruad. ii 128 . Esp. of the inhabitants of a place, members of a race, etc.: tar gach gcined d'ḟoir fuinidh of the people of the west (i.e. the Irish), Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad., 1919 v 92 § 14 (B iv 2). ó fh.¤ Éirionn, KMMisc. 242 § 4 . éinbhean don deaghḟ.¤ d'ḟuil Éibhir, Content. xxviii 47 .

n (gait) io, m. IGT Decl. § 2 . a thief : tanic gataige chuicce ocus tall VII multu, Lat. Lives 86.15 (St. text gives alacer). aroile gadaighe rogat oenboin, Fél.² cxvii 1 . ni berend in gadaige leis acht a mbeir cen fhis , PH 7574 . duine nach gataide, Laws iii 110.24 . gadaidhe gach láimhe leis, Dán Dé xx 24 . tiocfad id dháil amhail ghadaidhe (= tamquam fur), TSh. 2667 . pl. gataige ocus ethgig, FA § 27 . gadaighi (gadaighthi MS) nó lucht éagcóra, Ériu i 79.3 . do rinnebair-si tégdais ngadaige de (= ... speluncam latronum), PH 7573 . in cu bis ar cae aiceda na ngataide, Laws i 144.14 Comm. Fig. gaduidhe na geamhoidhche one who steals away the winter night (of a harper), Studies 1920, 99 § 10 . a ghaduighe an gháire `thou thief of joy,' Ériu ix 8.84 .