n t, m. n
s.
fili,
Wb. 31b19
.
Sg. 29a3
.
LU 10942
, etc. a
s.
filid,
10944
. d
s.
filid,
Sg. 140a1
. g
s.
filed,
71b16
. n
p. filid
63a14
.
ind ḟilid
,
162a3
.
Ml. 26b10
. a
p.
fileda,
Sg. 63b4
.
212a11
. g
p.
filed,
Rawl. 124a46
. n
s.
file,
LU 10941
.
Rawl.
156b5
.
IGT, Decl. § 21
. n
p. fileadha (
Keat. iii 1239
, etc.)
is proscribed as incorrect,
IGT
Decl. § 21. ex. 784
.
Orig. seer, diviner
(cognate with Welsh gwelet, see Thurn.
Heldensage, 66
), and in earlier documents generally implies
occult powers or knowledge :
fili gl. propheta, ,
Wb. 31 b 19
.
imbass forosnae .i. dofuarascaib sechip ret bas maith lasin filid ┐ bes adlaic dó d'foillsiugad,
Corm. Y 756
.
is a Senc[h]as Mar ro airled comdire
do rig ┐ epscop ┐ aige rechta litre ┐ sua[i]d filed for-can di
cendaib,
Laws i 40.16
(
ZCP xvi 175
), with gl. :
.i. in sui
file[d] ... da faillsigend imad a sofesa ... co ndenand rand
can smuainedh .i. cen imradud,
Laws
i 42x Comm.
firt filed (a
miracle wrought by a poet)
AU 1024
. See also
ZCP xix
163
,
IT iii 96 § 155
,
Imr. Brain i 46
,
Corm. s.v. Mug eme
,
Coire Brecain
;
RC xxvi 8
. For `fili' and `drui' as interchangeable terms see Plummer
V. SS. Hib. i clxi
,
clxii
.
Poet
(historian, panegyrist, satirist), man of learning
(the `fili'
in early times was not always sharply distinguished from
the `breithem' and `senchaid,' and seems originally to
have united all three functions :
ni dhligh cúairt no cennaighect | ar ni fili fíreólach | hi feidm eoluis ilcrothaigh |
manip co fēigh fessara | cīsa tenna is tuarustla | ... ; ni
dlig cuairt ... | file nach dron dechraighfes | sochur dochur
dílmaine | drēcht cech tīre thic,
ZCP iv 237
.
Leb. Cert. 236
.
on
uair dona ronuc Aimirgin Glungel cetbreth i nEre robu
la filedhu a n-oenur breithemnus, cusin Imacallaim in da
Tuar i nEmain Mache .i. Ferceirtne file ┐ Nede mac Adna
... Ba dorcha didiu in labrad ro labairset na filid [sic leg.]
isin fuigell sin ┐ nirbu reill donaib flaithib in brethemnus
ronucsat ... Do allad didiu brethemnus [sic leg.] ar filedhaib
iar sin, acht a nduthaigh de, ┐ ro gab cach d'feraib Eirenn
a drecht don breithemnus,
Laws i 18 Comm.
Cf. dichetal
filed, one of the things by which law is preserved in tradition,
ZCP xvi 175
=
Laws i 30
.
canaid in breithem fassach
firaicnid ┐ roscadh filed, da cois ina brethe in sin,
Corm. Y
1224
. See also the tract on The Privileges ... of poets,
ed. E. J. Gwynn,
Ériu xiii p. 2 ff
.) :
amal as ho molad ┐
adamrugud in choimded intinscana in salm sa [isamlaid]
forcentar dano amal dundgniat ind filid linni cid in sin,
Ml.
26b10
. filidh (gl. poeta),
Ir. Gl. 1
. Of Latin poets
Sg. 63a14
.
fili .i. fī a n-aoras ┐ lī a mmolas ┐ brecht a fuacras in file,
Corm. Y 600
.
f.¤ ... .i. seircid foglamo. nó ... fī fora aeir
┐ lī fora molad,
O'Mulc. 537
.
duarfine ... ainm d'filethaib
.i. fine duar .i. fine foccul
,
Corm. Y 445
.
rosiachtus glún
Amargin filed coro molaim ríg as cach feib i mbi,
LU 10298
.
rātha eturru secht ṅdruid, secht filid, secht n-ócthigirn.
na secht ṅdruid dia rímsad tría brichtu, na secht filid dia
ṅglámad ┐ dia n-erḟuacra (`the seven druids to bewitch (?)
them by means of spells; the seven poets to satirise them and
denounce them')
Dinds. 161
.
nemed .i. fili ... ar is a fidnemedaib fognitis filid a ngressa,
O'Mulc. 830
.
nem-uath
fri filedaib iarsinni aerait nech co n-epil de,
830 f
.
asbert
in fili nodnaírfed ... ┐ no áerfad a athair ┐ a máthair ┐ a
senathair ┐ docechnad fora n-usciu conná gébtha iasc ina
inberaib,
LU 10946
(
Imr. Brain i 46
). Applied to Virgil
,
Sg. 29a3
;
Epimenides
Wb. 31b19
. ar ba faith, ar ba file
(of David),
Hib. Min. 5. 157
.
ro can in filid ┐ in faith .i.
Bec mac Dé,
Cog. 10.22
.
Find fili, mac Rosa,
LL 311b53
.
c56
.
Rawl. 118b30
. gen.
Find filed m. Rossa,
117e28
.
Faifne file,
LL 160b11
.
Ferchertne file,
Rawl. 156b4
.
ZCP
viii 326.1
. The `filid' was commonly attached to the house-hold of a chief. The calling was hereditary and the office
of `fili' to the head of the clan was, in later times at any
rate, often the prerogative of a particular family :
fili
Conchobair in tAed,
Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 22
.
Fergus Fínbel, file
Find,
Dinds. 52
.
Fergus Fínbél, fili na Féinde,
Acall. 3017
.
file Chon Raoi, Feircheirtne a ainm,
Keat. ii 3524
.
clann
Fhir bhisigh .i. fileadha Ua nAmhalghaidh ┐ Cloinne Fiachrach,
Hy Fiach. 10
.
adubhairt ris file do bheith 'na ardollamh aige féin ar aithris na ríogh roimhe,
Keat. iii 1465
.
duais ḟiled is ruidles .i. a ndoberr [sic leg.] i logh natha
acht rop iar firinde ┐ choir mbeith in nath the poet's fee is
absolutely conveyed, that is, what is paid for a poem, provided
the poem be truthful and correct
ZCP xiii 20.19
(
Bürgschaft 7
).
coic gne in berla tobaidi .i. berla fene ┐ fasaige na filed ┐
berla etarsgarta ┐ berla forttide [fortcide v.l.] na filed triasa
n-agaillit cach dib a chele,
Auraic. 1303
. berla na filed,
part of the sixth year's course of the student-`fili'
IT iii
38
.
From early times the `filid' formed an important and
highly organized corporation classed among the `saer-nemed' (privileged classes) :
tri nemid uaisli ... .i. espoc
┐ flaith ┐ file,
O'D. 1631
(<
H 5.15, 16b
). it e saernemead
filead and .i. ecalsi, flatha, filidh (.i. graid filedh), feine,
Laws v 14.10
. There were seven grades of fili, of which the
highest was the ollam filed : in t-ollam filedh iarna uirdned
ag rig tuath the fully qualified poet when appointed by the
king of territories
Laws i 42z Comm.
ollamh fileadh `
master
poet
'
Studies 1919, 74
. Cf.
O'D. 1214 ff (
H 2.15A, p. 84
).
in t-ollam sair ... adeitig lasin ugdar ni bud mo do na
cutruma risin ollamain filed, no risin ollamain mberla no
risin fear legind,
Laws v 92x Comm.
secht ngrad filed :
ollam, ansrut[h], cli, canae, dos, mac fuirmid, focluc,
O'Mulc. 537
.
IT iii 96 § 155
.
RC xii 119
. See also
Laws
iv 358
-
60
.
v 26
;
56 ff
. is a ndanaibh defrighet ┐ dearscaighit gach grad filedh o raile i sos ┐ i segda ┐ i n-aircedal
BB 296b29
(
IT iii 6 n
.).
sé dá rádh go riacht tusa | ...
seacht ngradh na bfilidh ar fad ..., Gofraidh Mac an Bhaird,
23 L 17, 148b
. The fili was at all periods distinguished from
the bard (q.v.), whose qualifications and status were inferior (in:
a bhfilidh, dá ngairid báird,
Keat. i 70
, he is rendering Camden : poetas, quos bardos vocant) :
cescc cidh dlighedh
i ffil an bhairdne lasna filedhoibh ... ? amhail roghabh
rithim arradh Mettuir, as amhlaidh ataid na báird cona
mbairdne arradh na ffiledh,
Ériu xiii 42.4
.
dichlannaigfiter
filid cona biat filid etir acht baird tantum
,
Rawl. 111b14
(
RC xxvi 44
-
5
). is aire tra na dlegait baird acht letheneclann na filedh uair na frithgh[n]at, uair ni [di]reanar a
ngradhaibh filedh neach na frit[h]gnat no o nach frit[h]ghainter the reason bards are entitled to only half the honor-price of poets is that they do not serve [ = practise their art],
for `dire
'-fine is not paid for any in the grades of a poet who
do not serve or are not served
BB 296b33
. Amal forber cach
gradh filed seach araile im mod soís in oircidail toimside,
forber ... cach gradh dibsom [viz. the bards] seach aroile
IT iii 24
.
fogluim na .uii. mad bliadna .i. brosnacha suad
.i. bairdne na mbard ┐ dlegair dond ḟilid a ḟis, ar is he accept
na sechtmad bliadna don ḟilid,
39
.
ni dír báird acht dír
fileadh | fis cach righ is a dhlighedh,
Leb. Cert. 182
. The fili in
his twelve-year course of study (
IT iii 31 ff
.) had to master
the various metrical tracts and oghams, memorize a mass
of verse and prose tales, and learn certain methods of
incantation : is hi ... foglaim na hochtmaide bliadna .i.
fiscomarca filed .i. duili berla ┐ clethchor choem ┐ reicne
roscadach ┐ laíde .i. tenm laída ┐ immas forosnai (
ZCP xix
163
)
┐ dichetal do chennaib na tuaithe ┐ dín[n]ṡenchus ┐
primscéla Hérend olchena fria n-aisneis do ríghaib ┐ flaithib
┐ dagdhoínib. Ar ni comlán in fili chena, sicut dixit poeta :
ni ba dúnad cen rígu. niba fili cen scéla,
IT iii 49
-
50
.
in-feded in fili scél cacha aidche do Mongán,
LU 10942
.
Sometimes in sense a learned man, one skilled in literary
composition in Irish, dist. from the Latin author on one hand
and the unlearned Irishman on the other : a ngrad con-deilg lasin Laitneoir is eatargoiri a n-ainm lasin filid `the
comparative degree of the Latinist (writer of Latin) is named
inflection by the [Irish] poet'
Auraic. 640
.
possit ┐ comparait
┐ superlait lasin Laitneoir .i. fothugudh ┐ forran ┐ formoladh
lasin filid : maith ┐ fearr ┐ fearrson lasin nGaedeal,
645
.
maith, etc. (.i. lasin nGaedel coitchend a n-ecmais in filed,
fothugad immorro lasidhe)
657
. ocht ndeich tra atrimet
filidh na Goídilce the Gaelic poets reckon eight (metrical)
feet
Corm. Y 447
.