n o, m. (Lat. archangelus) archaingeal m., IGT Decl. § 53 . archangel: i frestul na narchaingel, Thes. ii 355.6 . drong árchaingel nime, Fél. Ep. 233 . Míchél arcaingel, LU 2085 (FA). guth ind árchaingil Michil, 2512 . ona harcainglib, 2012 . fri harchangliu, Ériu ii 194 § 8 . a uile náomhaingle ┐ archaingle, Parrth. Anma 4020 . os cinn na n-uile aingeal / don chuire ḟind archaingeal, IGT Decl. ex. 1347 ( Dán Dé xiv 4 ). ní dóigh agra an t-archaingeal, DDána 11.27 .

n o, n., later m. (prob. orig. vn. of fris-indlea, cf. fresndal, and see GOI 514 . fresdel (a prima manu) Wb. 24c11 . freasdal, IGT, Decl. § 17 .

(a) receiving (as a guest), meeting, welcoming: gl. excipientes [verbum] Wb. 24c11 . Cf. co noebthanic Dia do nim | do frestul anma Adaim, SR 2154 . doragat dia ḟrestul | i ṅaimsir atbéla, Fél. Ep. 115 . f.¤ Luciáni, ib. Fél. Dec. 24 (hence, perh. freastal .i. friotháileamh, O'Cl.; Stowe Gl. 403 ). tiagair ... ar a cenn dia f.¤ ┐ dia rígadh, ZCP xi 64.6 .

(b) waiting on, ministering to, serving (freq. of supplying physical wants): f.¤ nuithir `attendance on an invalid' Ériu xii 103.13 . no bīd oc frestul na fírinne (of Abraham, i.e. following the true God) LB 113b17 = BB 236a30 . a colann fona míanaib do f.¤ , PH 7463 . bo bis ac f.¤ duine galair (i.e. supplying with milk), Laws v 260.13 Comm. in mheit as cumhuing leo do freasdul do bhiudh ┐ etgud `the number he is able to provide with food and clothing' Marco P. 36 . fa búan ar freasdol do mhiodh, Duan. F. ii 280 . Hence ration, supply: bó ... ┐ do gebdaeís a f.¤ fen ┐ f.¤ a n-aīdhedh do bainde uaithe ` fill ' BCC § 156 . a restul lóin dó, Cog. 50.10 (cf. g, below).

Intrans.: ... oc fresdul dona deibh, Marco P. 53 . Of serving at table, Marco P. 52 .

Of handling tools, etc.: da ord... ag in ghabha | & teanchair ... tri lamha leis ga ffreastal ` attending to ' Duan. F. ii 10 .

Attendance, service: da aingeal decc ... rab e sin a fh.¤ o nimh, BNnÉ 132.23 . f.¤ muinteri for tigerna, CCath. 1709 (cf. cit. under e, below). lucht a frestail ┐ a frithalma attendants LL 268b25 ( MU² 865 ). bui f.¤ ┐ frithailem forra ML ( TMoméra) 158.18 ( YBL 329b3 ). lucht freasduil ┐ fritheolma IT ii2 135 . sbiorada freasduil ministering spirits Heb. i 14 . cf. lucht freasdail ┐ fir duchais do rigaib O M., Hy Maine 86 ( Lec. 83rb 23 ) = locht freastail ḟirducusa, Uí Maine 45vb24 .

With gen. of thing supplying, furnishing: tanic C. ... do frestul ┐ frithalim lenna ┐ bíd, TBC-LL¹ 964 . dirmadha slóigh ... cen f.¤ airm [arm v.l.] nā mergedh unprovided with weapons or standards CCath. 1484 (agmina ... non armata ... Luc. Phars. iii 72 ). aoinfer ... do frestul gotha ┐ urlabra dara cenn uile ... .i. Tul Cicer (= to speak on behalf of them all) CCath. 4490 . fer frestail gotha ┐ urlabra, 4487 . is gnāth fernd do frestol na .u. consaine la Goedelae (= f takes the place of Latin v) Corm. Y 606 . (Absol. ) míle do sheomradhuibh solusda fria suan ┐ freasdal entertainment Marco P. 137 .

(c) transf. of serving a church, office, etc.: an líon manach ... ag freastal na sé dteampull, Keat. iii 3107 . ré freastal coradh, 3111 . gan techt do fhressdal na nona ..., do fresdul na trāth, BCC § 220 .

(d) similarly in phrase: f.¤ catha to join battle: cen acfuing tṡlóigh ... do f.¤ catha, CCath. 1226 . ba ... leo [slega] do restal catha ┐ comloind, Cog. 160.25 . ... do ḟreasdal catha do Chonn, ML 14.5 (= ML² 198 ). ré freastal cogaidh i n-aghaidh Laighean, Keat. iii 3071 . do ullmhuigh D. é féin do ḟreasdal catha do thabhairt do Mac G., Ériu i 93 § 46 . In some of these exx. the meaning is however not easily distinguished from (f) below.

(e) hence in hostile sense responding to (an attack or opponent), encountering, coping with: cf. in imbeirt dorónsat ic frestal na slógh. nírbo f.¤ carat for carait ... acht f.¤ námhat for námhait, CCath. 1710 . ise sin in f.¤ doberid na Troiandaigh ... for na Rudultaib, Aen. 2259 = haec Rutulis responsa remittunt Aeneid ix 635 . ro ḟiarfaidh dibh cia f.¤ noberdis for Froech how they would answer F.'s challenge ZCP xiii 174.30 . agá rádha riú freasdal éigin do thabhairt ar Eóghan ` opposition ' ML 62.22 = cā frestal do-berdais ar ..., ML² 922 . With gen. of pers.: ro gabhsat for f.¤ a namhat do clochaib ... ┐ dá righthibh fein, CCath. 1873 . nir bai aici seom acmaing frestail Gall, Cog. 66 x . is truagh gan fer a frestail accainde a man fit to encounter him Acall. 33.3 . o nach bfaghaim ... | fear da fhreasdal acht mé féin | rachad do troid ... le M., Duan. F. ii 326 . Cf. is fearg Aodh da ffreasdol, 376 . ní fuair fer a freastail a man to encounter (the boar) ZCP vi 279.19 . fer frestail cacha flatha a match for any chief MR 202.12 . S. ... do dol i conne .h. R. le buille slegi ┐ h. R. do dol da f.¤ ┐ da frithalad , Ann. Conn. 1391 § 3 . With gen. of thing: re f.¤ na forécni sea, MR 122.3 . ... do restal catha do Brian `to meet B. in battle' Cog. 150x . ag freasdal greas ... na hardghaoithe, ML 48.20 . bá duiligh ... f.¤ diubhraicthe na n-ócc, AFM vi 2254.5 .

(f) i f.¤ in preparation for; anticipating: cindus no bedís coraighthi na cathrach ... i f.¤ ind etualaing ... bui ic tomaithim forro ` in prospect of ' CCath. 1110 , Cf. doroine ... túra ... ic [v.l. i] f.¤ imairic imdibhraici dibh re foirnibh na long, 1395 .

(g) by extension matching, keeping up with, being equal to: is é méit na sonairtí na fétfaitis fir in betha ... [a] f.¤ im sroighledh, Ériu v 152.123 . conarbo tualaing a aos comtha do f.¤ la hionmoille a eich to keep up with his company Hugh Roe 102.18 (f. 27b) . cf. AFM vi 1978.12 . ni ruacht la a mhíledhaibh O'D. do ḟ.¤ `to keep pace with' AFM vi 2210.23 . Cf. dá déaraibh do dhoirt Muire | a freasdal nach fuair a dearc, DDána, p. 85 § 23 .

n ā, f. ; later also o, m. (vn. of fris-áilethar). a d s. fri frithalim , SR 5058 (but : fri frithailem , LU 8043 ). ic frithalim , SR 1187 , TBC-LL¹ 1088 , etc. g s. frithalmi, SR 1200 , cf. friothailme, Leb. Gab.(i) i 34.6 . In later manuscripts also frithálam, or frithólam (-um) ; g s. frithalma, LL 107b13 . friothólamh, -álamh (f. ; g s. n p. -a) IGT, Decl. § 37 ; frithólamh, -álamh (m.) § 100 ; frithóileamh (-eolamh v.l.), -áileamh (m.) § 101 ; -óilimh, -áilimh, f. § 150 . As vn. -álam, -ólam, -áilem, -óilem, m. Also -álaim etc. f., Verbs § 70 . g s. -aim ib. ex 612 . -ólmha, 613 , -áilte, 609 (see fritháiled).

Often found in association with frestal and influenced by it.

(a) expecting, looking out for (orig. sense) : ra thoegat saide ... co fáitar i nEmain ... ra frithalim comergi Conchobair (i.e. in expectation of, to attend the rally of the Ulstermen) LL 95a6 ( TBC-LL¹ 4928 ). atbert na ragad acht bith oc frithalim lochta a chríchi fodesin (Cú Chulainn refuses to go to the feast because he has invited his own people to one) LL 262a15 ( MU² 44 ). boi oca ḟrithalim co cend mis. ni thanic, LL 278a48 . oc frithalemh cia aimser nó reghad, TTr.² 222 . robatar uile ina tost ... oc frithalum na scel no indisfed, Aen. 409 (= conticuêre omnes, intentique ora tenebant Aeneid ii 1 ).

(b) catching (something thrown) : na nóe slega rodibraiced air a frithalum 'na laim clé ┐ na .ix. líathroiti ... a fritholum 'na laim deis = catching the nine spears that were cast at him in his left hand and the nine balls in his right Acall. 5834n .

(c) anticipating, making provision for, preparing , with gen. of thing : tegdas ... fri frithailem tomalta na fleda LU 8043 (FB). tanic Culand connice a dun ... do frestul ┐ frithalim lenna ┐ bíd, TBC-LL¹ 964 . fer frithalma mōre ... .i. Bricriu `a man of great management' [of making great preparation, provision] Ériu iv 30 y ( LL 107b14 ). Abram ... ro chennaig in n-inad ... i frithalim a adnaicthi as a burial-ground for himself (= Gen. xxv 10 ) Rawl. 73a33 = ic fritholum, BB 6a11 .

(d) waiting on (a person), ministering to the needs of, supplying: ic frithalim ... na n-anmanna, SR 1187 . ní dlegait lōn leo for sét acht ... ri Érenn da bfriothailimh the king of E. supplies their wants ZCP viii 116 § 12 . na cethri airm déc batar ic Conchobur ... ic frithalim na maccáem ciped mac díb no gabad gasced, TBC-LL¹ 1088 (= fri hagaid frithailme St. cf. ... fri gabáil ngasced do neoch LU 5046 ). coic tret ... ┐ cét n-arathar ag frithalum a tigi for the service of his household Aen. 1727 . baí faill fritholma ra [leg. ar] in clerech ag in chailligh , BB 233b7 . ni lemtha airbernad ar a cudich no ar a [ḟ]ritholmu (sic) `his share or his supply durst not be lessened' Cog. 50.6 . tair ... linne co nderntur do frestal ┐ do fritholum acoinne, CCath. 1667 . ag denam friochnama ┐ fritheolma fair, BNnÉ 104.9 . Cf. friochnamh ... ┐ fritheolmha do dhenamh, RC xxix 219 . rena mnai fritholmha, Oss. v 74.2 ( Tromd. Guaire 685 , where -mha, like -mu in Cog. 50 , may indicate a late vn. form : -ólmhadh). Of service or attendance in wider sense : ica frestal ┐ ica fritalam amal gach cumail, CCath. 1149 . caeminailt fritholmha Oilealla ┐ Medhbha, ZCP viii 542.10 (= c. comaitechta, TBC-LL¹ 1554 ). ionad mna friotháilmhe d'fhagháil, Desid. 1257 . ... gillai ritholmha dó féin of one of his own attendants AU 1168 . gilla friothalmha, Oss. v 42.22 . gan digh ... dh' aithiaraid | ad tigh re feadh frithálaim during the dispensing IGT III ex. 612 . In a special sense : díl fritháilti an fear 'ca mbí | do bean ḟritháilte a Ruaidrí ib. 609 .

Of things, functions, etc., attending to, looking after, discharging: co nach raibi cáithlech ātha i nErinn gan Gall dáer ica frithalom fair `to work it' [attending it for him ? But cf. Cog. 116.9 ] Fianaig. 86.16 . friothailemh eaglusdachta, Todd Nenn. ciii . na tratha do frithalum to observe the canonical hours Laws v 124.18 Comm. lucht fritholma an aifrind, BCC § 69 (= ministri altaris Reeves Ad. 104 ). aonmhaiccléireach amháin do bhíodh ag friothólamh an aifrinn dó serve him at Mass Keat. iii 999 . friotháileamh sollamainte na n-uile shacramainteadh, Desid. 4963 . Cf. dul ... do dhénamh an ḟritheóilti si `for this administration' (i.e. to communicate the sick) RSClára 88a . do dhénuid friothólamh dhó minister (to the Tabernacle) Numbers i 50 .

Esp. of attendance on the sick: do iarra mna do frithalum na mna bis ... fri idhna, Laws i 300.5 . sir bean frithámhla di 'look for a midwife for her', Ev.Inf. (LFF) 233 § 67 . fritheólamh na n-esslán, RSClára 112a . aos galair cona lucht fritheólmha 78b0 . Cf. cona ffritheolmhaibh oireamhnacha amhail iarraid a n-aicíde, 111b0 (an inaccurate rendering of the Engl.).

Of treatment : ise an t-adhbhar morgaithe is coir do rithaileamh ar dūs it is the corrupt matter we must attend to first 23 P 10³, 16b31 . In pl. ministrations (?) : tri firtorithne no tri frithailme (gl. teora frither) Laws v 452.7 Comm.

(e) in hostile sense coping with, withstanding (an enemy or an attack) : [secht mūir] fri frithalim n-ilchatha, SR 5058 (of Jericho). ba handsa ... fulung a fergi ┐ frithalum a mha[c]comlaind, Aen. 2570 . nach aitni damsa i nErinn sluagh fritolma Uladh a host able to withstand the Ulstermen TBC-LL¹ p. 747 n. 5 (St). co na betis i n-etarlēn frithalma ar cind a bidbad, LL 172a45 ( CRR 9 ). nior bho urusa fritheálamh a bhforráin, ML 134.2 . Cf. ro buí slógh ... for bruachaibh in tsrotha ica fritholumh (of the British resistance to Caesar), CCath. 187 . ni mo chean ... tarrla re freastal no re fritholamh na fairrgi ... sin unhappy those who had to tackle that sea CF 42 . adnaig ag drem frisi mūr ┐ na Troīandaigh ica frithōlum dona mūraib, Aen. 2233 . robui a comair frithōlma na foirne fīrnāmat tānic ... cugi was ready to tackle Fianaig. 72.7 .

Absol. : in frestal ┐ in frithólum dobertsat forro, CCath. 1711 . in fritholum tucsat Danair ... fri Dal Cais, Cog. 188.11 . dobeir frithalum fair in conair tainic, Aen. 2622 (= speculatus in agmine ... obuius ire parat, Aeneid x 769 ). Transf. of a person : ni fil for Eirinn ... frithailem Chuind a match for C. Anecd. ii 7 .

n ā, f. imirt f. IGT Decl. § 42. vn. of imm-beir.

(a) act of using, employing, acting; a usage, behaviour, act: tri imberta inna faidsine `usages (?),' Ml. 81c6 . fíach aibne imbert usci the obligation of the scourge (is) the use of water (i.e. washing is compulsory after scourging), Ériu iii 102 § 30. líach leis ... ilar na laech ... cena n-imbirt fri dighail a athair `sad he deemed it that the crowd of valiant heroes ... should not be employed in avenging his father,' TTr.² 215. ar na dernad nech a himirt ar in ni na bud leis bodein so that no one should make use of it for what was not his own ?, Laws v 478.z Comm. nī da roichedh 'na láim clī | ... nocha soiched 'na láim deis | gan a imirt gan ēisleis (in praise of Colm C.), ZCP vii 304 § 13 (= brondadh, BCC 448.21 ). nír'som mín muinterdha in imbeirt (airimmirt, frithailim v.ll.) dorónsat ic frestul na slógh `the preparation which they made,' CCath. 1709. laechesa ar aicme bethi iarsin imraet (no imirt) cetna `heroines for group B after the same procedure (or method),' Auraic. 5718. ni himirt mhæthmacaib (leg. —macaim) do-berar ort adrasda treatment, ZCP viii 529.13 . olc ind imbeirt sochraiti sin `bad is that act of friendship (?),' RC xiii 458 § 57. cach dichmairc .i. imirt cen athcomarc `acting without asking permission,' Laws ii 352.13 Comm. gibe sccela do thiucfadh anoir i mBeltaine imirt abhus dia reir `should be acted upon here,' AFM vi 2044.x . baí ag imirt doghrés a hucht na bainrioghna `who always acted on behalf of the queen,' AFM vi 2266.1 .

(b) the act of moving about ?: se fein ic a imbirt ocus ic a fothraccadh isna linntip dubfolae `wallowing and bathing,' CCath. 6060. in uair do-chonnaic Láegh ... Cú Ch. 'gá imirt (fhothrogad v.l.) tháinic dá innsaighi, Comp. CC 110 § 41. Hence intransitively: ag imirt ó thaobh go taobh 's ag ionnfairt, Midnight court 718. ( ZCP v 223 ).

(c) the act of handling or plying a weapon, tool, etc.: oc imbert [in gae], Trip.² 770. ó nach raibh ar a chumus arm d'imirt, Ériu i 87 § 33. gabais C. glés n-imberthae airm forru, BDD² 1411. condricfa a n-imbirt for slúag (of arms), TBC-LL¹ 275. dos-fic fallscudh feirgi ┐ áilgius imberta a n-iaraind `and the craving to wield their weapons,' CCath. 621. ro cuadar for imbeirt a scíath, `they resorted to pressing forward their bucklers' (of men in close combat), 1995 . nech padh calmai fri laimimbertai cloidib `good at sword-play,' RC xii. 72 § 44. léiciud ón co forgabáil, cenéle n-imberta gaiscid a certain manner of wielding arms ? TBFr. 237. níor chleacht sinn siobhal oidhche | ná imirt arm bhfaobhairthe, DDána 67.5 . gabait in gillai oc sudiu imbirt a dor[n]d foraib, LU 4916. iar n-imbirt aibne `after plying the scourge,' Mon. Tall. 143 § 43. imirt glaith for rot `using the "glaith" upon a road,' Laws v 474.6 . lámdha in domain acon mnái | imirt óir aircit gan gái `all the mysteries of the broidering art the wife possessed, skill to manipulate the silver and the gold,' SG 109.1 . in lá ria bfhéil imberta usce `the day before the festival of the Sprinkling of Water, (Rogation Sunday), ALC i 136.24 .

Of managing horses: eter imbeirt ech ┐ charpat, TBC-LL¹ 4021.

Of giving battle or preparing for battle: airm imeartha an chatha `the place where the battle is fought' O'Cl. s.v. airm. fada...ind imbert doradad and `it was a long fight that was made there,' Ériu v 236.88 .

(d) act of practising, wreaking, inflicting with prep. for : atagamar ... in fer d'imbirt a ferci fornd, LU 3792 ( SCC § 36 ). cid do chana duit in bréc do imbirt form, LU 5054. bale i ndénta fingal ... d'immirt for fannaib, 4342 . do immirt mela ocus cumachta forni immon curadmír, 8554 ( FB § 41 ). cin eolgnais comraite d'imirt forra `without inflicting intentional injury on them,' Laws v 136.21 Comm. martra do imbirt fair, Ann. Conn. 1306 § 11. ní chumaing écen do thabairt no d'imbert forru, PH 4833. ro gabh ag imirt a eccraitti ┐ a aincride fair dia ionnarbadh, AFM vi 1934.8 . da ndéanmaois ceart d'imirt oraibh if we were to act justly towards you, Maguires of F. § 61. go mbiadh tearmann aige ón oirleach do bhí ag Dia ar tí a imeartha ar gach aon, TSh. 706.

(e) act of playing a game, gambling; game, sport: ic imbirt fidchilli, TBC-LL¹ 922. oc imbirt buanbaig, 1810 . ic imbirt chless cluchi ┐ immanae, 870 . imirt fithchilli tighe aireach, Laws v 484.3 . ní boíd ind imbert moithchulión sin a Fergus ol Medb, LU 5701 ( TBC-I¹ 1227 ). do-rónadh ... imirt ┐ ceól ┐ cluicheda ina fiadnaise dá urbrégad, Comp. CC 80.3 . ata fós fó'n aithne-si in imbirt; uair is gadaige in t-í immres who gambles, PH 7597. do spealadh a mhaoine saoghalta ré hól, ré himirt, ┐ ré meirdreachas, TSh. 10356. ag damhsadh 's ag imirt 's ag ól, O'Gr. Cat. 30.26. clár na himertha gaming-table , Mac Aingil 3.3 . chuirfeas m'anmain san imeirt `which will put my soul to hazard,' Dán Dé xiv 7. gairid ar mbúaín resin mbeirt | gur smúain in aibhid d'imeirt, IGT Decl. ex. 625. Fig. mise uaid go haithmhéalach | faríor! ní himirt Domhnaigh it is no diversion, Dánta Gr. 61.34 . i n-ionbhaidh imeartha an chluithe (the Confederate War), Ó Bruad. i 124.13 . an méid nár fionnadh le himirt na méirleach, O'Rah. xxxv 105.

(f) act of performing (music); chanting (prayer) ?: ainm im[b]erta ciuil, O'Mulc. 833. sinnim no imrim ar an angrais chiúil, Plunkett s.v. pecto . imrim ar cheol, s.v. cano ( Éigse xxv 162 ). ? To this: bíadd prantigi dano ised aonach ndedenach indsin is coir do imbirt isna mbelaib iar praind hi sessam ┐ hi praindtig a cetal repeat (?), Mon. Tall. 162.2 .

n ā, f. Collect. of 1 ingen. Later ingenraid occurs as n s. : Aen. 1664 and IGT Decl. § 12 , § 13 . Used also in pl. : aindre ┐ ingenrada , RC xiv 412.y ( LL 109b10 ).

girls, maidens (freq. applied to a group of serving-maids) : a ṡiur-sium cona hingenruid, IT i 144.z . i.¤ Ulad do marbad do D., 76.19 . co n-ingenraid thuchtaig `with shapely virgins,' Fél. July 21 . combad lugaiti no saigfed milliud a n-ingenraidi ... día mbeth setig a chomrestail oca, LU 10163. cenmotha i.¤ ┐ gillanrad fri frestul ┐ frithailem, LB 129a25 . dochōidh a ngrīanān na hinginraighi, ZCP xiii 169.6 . seal re hingheanraidh ḟear mBreagh, TD 5 § 7. rochualatar mna ┐ maithi ┐ ingenraid na Laitinda ..., Aen. 1664. Applied to two daughters : má ro thuitset m'i.¤ , SG 360.30 .