(ad-tá) subst. vb. is . The distinction betw. subst. vb. and copula is in the first place syntactical, and cases are found where there is no distinction of form. Cf. the type, common in ACC: boe sab he was a leader, ACC 26 . See further below, and the discussion by Bergin, Ériu xii 208 - 211 (cia taísiu, cia bé, etc.), who refers to cases like: is uera pictura ro bai sin, Thes. ii 6.32 as emphatic. See also Ériu xvi 46 , GOI 475 . For nimtha laám, Wb. 12a21 , nímptha fírion, 8d24 (copula ?) see GOI 487 . Note also the form of the pron. in (later): matait tall iat, Laws iv 86.8 Comm. , atá ar conair é, ACL iii 216.z . bí N. eices cecinit, RC xvii 175.14 is perh. a mistake. In follg. use of subst. vb. perh. due to infl. of Latin: mar nobéind athair doib = pater eram pauperum, PH 6107 . ata in innsci ordugud etc. = oratio est. . ., Auraic. 591 .

Apart from the ordinary indic. pres. all forms of subst. vb. are from a root beginning with b-. In indic. pres. the stem tá (in absol. position attá) is used in non-rel. sentences without conj. particle, after conj. particles with inf. pron. dat. and when the conj. particle consists of a preposition and rel. (s)a n-. Absolute inflexion of tá- is found in oldaas, indaas, etc. than (is), in meaning is angry, and with follg. suff. pron. The uninflected form fil (with accus.) is used after conj. particles where no dat. inf. pron. is present, in leniting rel. clauses and often in answers to questions containing subst. vb., and in archaic texts in absol. position in meaning there is . For fuller details see GOI 476 - 483 and exx. below. See also Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 419 ff. , Strachan, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1899, 1 - 82 , Ó Máille, Ériu vi 1 ff. , Études Celt. xxxiv 143-44 . Forms of gaibid, do-coissin, díchsnigidir and 1 ad-cumaing also have the force of the subst. vb. in certain uses, see separate entries.

Note further that attá is usual after hóre (see Wb. 19a19 , 22d14 and compare GOI § 781 ) and occurs later after amal ( LU 7072 , Laws iii 90.18 ). Fil is somet. found in sense there is in mid. Ir.: fail crois d'ór in cach dorus, SR 361 . TBC-I¹ 2561 . Note also: fil derg it is red, Marco P. 173 .

The use of accus. after fil continues into the classical period, see IGT Introd. § 129 , Bard. Synt. Tr. 92 - 93 . A few exx. of forms other than fil with accus. occur: ni raibi deilb, TTr.² 1664 , ní raibi . . . mhnái, 370 , ní bhiadh mnaoi, Ó Bruad. ii 252.z (with assonance). Note also with inf. pron. rosṁbai inna tass, SR 5107 . ? nim tha maith . . . do chath fri firu, LU 3343 ( SCC 13 ). From the mid. Ir. period on fil takes personal endings except in 3 s., and occurs occasionally as an independent verb: faeilfit (fut. 3 pl. absol.), Caithr. Thoirdh. 120.26 . In rel. function attá is found side by side with fil from an early period: is heiside attá hi S., Trip.² 534 , a lucht atá istig, RC vii 298.131 , the form fil finally disappearing in this use.

In mid. Ir. fil occurs for earlier -tá with dat. inf. pron.: nichar fail tlacht, SR 1560 , ni-s-fil biad, PH 1310 . Also in rel. clause after prep.: bale hi fail, LU 7516 , fors fil, Imr. Brain 43 (see also Strachan, Stories fr. Táin 3rd ed. p. 1 note).

The consuet. pres. 1 s. conj. -bíu has in classical Ir. the force of a future: biad ní biú, IGT Verbs § 7 , see also TBC-LL¹ 882 , Acall. 6179 , Duan. F. i 43.4 .

Early forms (for fuller lists see Strachan loc. cit.). Indic. pres. 1 s. atóo, Wb. 12a21 . attó, 21c19 . attóo, 26d8 . ató, 26d17 . -táu, 32a10 , -ttóo, 17d24 , -tó, Ml. 92b8 . 2 s. atái, Wb. 5b27 . atái, Ml. 110d15 (sic MS, see Ériu xiv 30 ). -tái, 5b38 . 3 s. adta, Laws v 390.10 (see ZCP xxv 247 ). ata, Wb. 13c26 , at, 27a11 , atáa, 6a19 , attáa, 32a6 , ataa, 26b31 , att, 4b11 . -tá, 31c7 , -ta, 2b12 , -táa, 13a35 . Impers. -dathar (see GOI 477 - 478 ), Wb. 21c9 . 1 pl. ataam, Wb. 15a13 , attaam, 32a28 . 2 pl. ataid, Wb. 4a4 , ataaith, 20b16 , ataaid, 23c28 , ataad, 22d14 . -taid, 19d26 . 3 pl. ataat (trisyll.), Blathm. 471 . ataat, Ml. 55d11 , 37a10 . -tat, 42b10 . -taat, Sg. 71b3 .

With suff. pron. tathum, Metr. Dinds. iv 284.3 . tathut, Fél. July 24 . táithi (tathai, v.l.), Críth G. 197 . táthus, Fél. Feb. 5 . táthunn, Prol. 217. taithiunn, Thes. ii 293.19 . tathuib, Rawl. 88b51 .

For rel. s. without preverb (taas, tás) see atás, indaas, 4 ol.

The form fil, etc. As conj. form: fil, Wb. 16b9 , Ml. 92a8 , Sg. 193b7 . feil, Wb. 24c4 . Ml. 60b2 . fel, Wb. 3c38 , Ml. 27d10 . fail, 44b10-11 , Sg. 32a1 . As rel.: fil, Ml. 121c8 , file Wb. 23a5 , Ml. 51d11 , Sg. 151b7 . fel, Wb. 4c1 , fele, Ml. 93c7 . feil, Wb. 33b18 . fail, BCr. 18c4 .

Consuet. pres. 1 s. biuu, Wb. 16d8 . -bíu, 20a3 . 2 s. -bí, Ml. 135d1 . ACL iii 312 § 4 . 3 s. biith, Wb. 29a26 . biid, 4d33 . bíid, Sg. 150b4 . -bii, Wb. 28b25 , -bí, Ml. 103c3 . With ro: robīi, TBC-I¹ 1730 . -rubi, Wb. 11c17 , -rubai, Ml. 20d4 , Sg. 7b3 . -ruba, 3b28 . Rel. bíis, Wb. 13a12 . biís, 28b28 . bis, Ml. 61a33 . bís, Sg. 140b2 . Impers. bithir, Ml. 56b15 . rel. bither, 108b4 , -bither, 100c21 . -rubthar, cited GOI § 784 . OIPG 69 . 1 pl. bímmi, Ml. 15a4 . -biam, Wb. 16a8 . Rel. bimme, Wb. 12c11 . 3 pl. biit, Wb. 29a28 . bíit, Sg. 217a1 . robiat, 138a5 . -biat, Ml. 59d7 . -bíat, Sg. 148a4 . -rubat, 138a5 . Rel. bíte, Wb. 9d28 .

Indic. impf. 1 s. -bíinn, Ml. 108b1 , -biinn, 58d9 . 3 s. -bíid, LU 5080 (see Ériu xvii 121 ), -bíth, Sg. 148b6 . -bid, Ml. 33a5 . -bith, Vita Br. 12 . Impers. no bithe , CCath. 3971 . 1 pl. -bímmis, cited GOI § 785 . 3 pl. -bitis, Ml. 86d6 . -bítis, Sg. 5a15 .

Ipv. 2 s. b, TBC-I¹ 2391 . 3 s. bíth, Wb. 10a8 , 25 , bíith, 8d9 , bíid, 5d33 , biid, Ml. 74d3 . bíd, Wb. 3a14 . With suff. pron. bithom, Fél. Ep. 404 n.17 . 2 pl. biid, Wb. 23c11a . bith, 22b26 . 3 pl. biat, Ml. 51d13 .

Subj. pres. 1 s. beo, Wb. 23b41 . beu, Ml. 53b8 . -béo, Fél. Prol. 273 . 2 s. bee, cited OIPG 70 and see GOI 482 . b, ZCP viii 311.z (see xxiv 122 ). -bee (perh. absol.), ZCP vii 494 (Enchir. Aug.). -bē, Fing. R. 82 . With ro: robhe (restored as ro-bé), Blathm. 92 § 9 . 3 s. beith, Ml. 108a11 . beid, Wb. 14c23 . bed, 3c10 . beth, Thes. ii 245.34 (Cambr. Hom.). -bǽ, Wb. 22b14 . -b, Sg. 29b14 . -bée, Wb. 12c43 . With suff. pron. bethum-sa, Fél. Ep. 384 n.14 . With ro: rob, Wb. 5d30 , robe, 18c4 , rubé, Ml. 20d4 , rob, Wb. 28a23 , robbé, Sg. 169a1 . -roib, Wb. 16c24 , Ml. 118c5 . Rel. bess, Wb. 5d14 . bes, Ml. 77d3 . Impers. bethir, Wb. 5d33 . rel. bether, Ml. 107d8 . -bether, Wb. 10a18 . 1 pl. bemmi, Wb. 31c11 . beimmi, 19a16 . -bem, 24a10 . -robam, 26c10 . 2 pl. beithe, Wb. 18b16 . bethe, 24b13 . -beith, Ml. 46a10 . -beid, Wb. 27c9 . With ro: -robith, Wb. 26a28 . 3 pl. beit, Wb. 10b5 . rubet, 26a23 . ro be(i)t , Vita Br. 35 . -bet, Wb. 9d27 . -robat, 11d9 . Rel. bete, Wb. 10c22 .

Subj. impf. 1 s. -beind, TBC-I¹ 1856 . -beinn cited GOI § 787 . 2 s. -betha, Wb. 4c24 . 3 s. nobed, Wb. 3b10 . nobeth, Ml. 27b1 . -bed, Wb. 9d1 . -beth, Ml. 88b15 . -robad, Wb. 17a13 . -rabad, 34a4 . Impers. -bethe, Trip.² 2828 . 1 pl. -bemmis, Wb. 9a3 . -beimmis, 29d23 . -bemis, Vita Br. 23 . 2 pl. -bethe, Wb. 9c20 . 3 pl. -betis, Sg. 138a9 . -[ro]ibtis, Wb. 28a1 .

Fut. 1 s. bia, Ml. 137b7 . 2 s. bie, cited GOI § 788 , OIPG 70 . 3 s. bieid, Wb. 4d6 . bied, 14c1 . -bia, 5d35 . -bia (disyll.), Blathm. 572 . -bia and -bía, GOI § 788 . With suff. pron. bethiumm. Ériu xiii 20.6 . bethib, ZCP viii 316.5 (see xxix 174 ). Rel. bias, Wb. 23b38 . bies, Ériu iii 102 § 32 . Impers. beithir, TBFr. 248 . -bether, MacCongl. 61.4 . 1 pl. bemmi, Wb. 9c10 . beimmi, 21b7 . -biam, 15a1 . -piam, 30b17 . 2 pl. bethe, cited GOI § 788 . bethi, Trip.² 1589 . -bied, Wb. 9a21 . -bieid, 26d26 . 3 pl. biet (disyll.), Blathm. 472 . bieit, Wb. 4c40 . biet, 9d27 , Sg. 198b6 (also bíet, GOI § 788 ). -biat, 9c28 . -bíet, 40b14 . Rel. bete, Wb. 13c26 . beite, 4c40 .

Condit. 1 s. nombeinn, Ml. 59a22 . 3 s. nobiad, Ml. 32d5 . -bíad, Wb. 9d1 . 1 pl. nobemmis, Ml. 134b3 . 3 pl. nobetis, Ml. 100c7 .

Pret. 1 s. b, LU 9407 . 2 s. -bá, cited GOI § 789 , OIPG 71 , see perf. 2 s. below. 3 s. bói, Wb. 31c18 . bái, 27a16 . -bói, 17d17 , Ml. 78a4 . Rel. boie, Thes. ii 242.11 (Ardm.). boīe (MS. ba), Ériu xvi 46.10 (see n. 0 and Celtica vi 223 ). boíë (MS. baoí), Ériu xxvi 67, 85 . Cf. cech nóeb bói, fil, bías, Fél. Ep. 289 (where six sylls. required). With suff. pron. boithus, IT i 137.8 = boithius, 21 . boíthi, Sc.M² 3 . ? baísu, Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 37.5 . Impers. *both(a)e, postulated GOI § 789 , botha, TBC-I¹ 1572 . -both(a), Vita Br. 33 . 1 pl. bamar, SR 1558 . bámar, 3286 , Imr. Brain i 48.5 . 2 pl. -baid (baïd ?), cited GOI § 789 , OIPG 71 . 3 pl. bātir, TBC-I¹ 217 . -batar, Ml. 55c2 . Rel. batar, Ml. 123b5 . See GOI § 789 .

Perf. 1 s. rob, Wb. 28a9 . -roba, Ml. 44c4 . -raba, TBC-I¹ 3068 . 2 s. rob, LL 14442 . 3 s. robói, Wb. 5c10 . rambái, 2c13 . robui, Ml. 93c3 . -robae, Ml. 41a5 , -robe, Wb. 18d7 , -rabae, Ml. 28d3 . Impers. romboth, Wb. 19a9 . rombod, 5b31 . -rabad, Ériu iv 146.4 . 1 pl. robámmar, Wb. 20d12 . -robammar, Ml. 105b16 . 2 pl. rubaid, Wb. 3b19 . -robaid, Ml. 46a8 . 3 pl. robatar, Wb. 24c5 . robbátar, Sg. 57b1 . -rabatar, Ml. 100c11 . -robatar, Sg. 45b1 . -rabtar, Ml. 37a16 .

Vn. buith.

Vbl. of necess. buithi.

Later forms (see also Ó Máille, Verbs of Existence in Irish, Ériu vi 1 ff. ; Mulchrone, Verbalformen der Vita Tripartita, ZCP xvi 440 ; Falconer, Verbal System of LU Táin, Ériu xvii 116 ; Strachan, Verbal System of SR, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1895, 1 - 76 ; O Daly, Verbal System of LL Táin, Ériu xiv 80 ; Mac Eoin, Verbalsystem von Togail Troi, ZCP xxviii 125 ; Sommerfelt, Le système verbal dans In Cath Catharda, RC xxxviii 41 ; Nuner, Verbal System of the Agallamh na Senórach, ZCP xxvii 272 ; PH Glossary; Lloyd, Impersonal passive forms of the Irish substantive verb, Ériu i 49 ff. ; TD Introd. lxxv ; IGT Verbs § 7 ).

Indic. pres. 1 s. atáu, Trip.² 1412 . atú, 2578 . itu, SR 1187 . it, TBC-LL¹ 434 . atú, IGT Verbs § 7 . ataim, Fier. 14 . -t, Acall. 4516 . 2 s. -tái, SR 3102 . -toi, TBC-I¹ 937 . taoi, TD 15.48 . cia doaisiu mac?, RC xxvi 30 § 128 . 3 s. -t, Trip.² 744 . atá, IGT Verbs § 7 . Rel. attá, Trip.² 534 , ata, SR 7708 etc., at, Acall. 429 . Impers. atáthar, TBC-LL¹ 3316 . dáthar (: máthar), IGT Verbs ex. 99 . atass, Ériu iv 114 § 17 (:as). -das (: as), IGT Verbs ex. 104 . 1 pl. itám, SR 1727 . tám, 3493 . ataum, PH 1556 . ataim, TBC-LL¹ 874 . atamaoit, TBC St. 121 . atámaoid, atám, IGT Verbs § 7 . -taum, PH 1506 . -dtám (: ár), IGT Verbs ex. 111 . 2 pl. atathai, PH 2734 . atathi, 597 . atáithi (: fáithi), IGT Verbs ex. 105 . -táithi (: sáithi), ex. 96 . -dathai, Alex. 190 . -taidh, Ériu ii 118 § 53 . 3 pl. itāt, TBC-I¹ 3132 . atáit, CCath. 1215 . ataut, PH 1064 . táid, TD 8.5 . -táit, CCath. 1701 . Rel. itat, Trip.² 882 , atat, SR 7949 . For later forms in meaning than (is) see atás, indaas, 4 ol. See also II (d) below and daas.

The form fil. 1 s. ni ḟuilim, ni ḟoilim, IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 s. -fhile, PH 8116 . -fhuile, 3335 , -fuili, Acall. 3217 . -ḟoili, -ḟuile, IGT Verbs § 7 . 3 s. fail, TBC-I¹ 60 , SR 353 etc. ro fail , TBC-LL¹ 263 , fuil, 3072 . -fail, Trip.² 2764 , -fuil, 872 , -uil, PH 3181 , -ḟil, Acall. 3709 . -ḟuil, -ḟoil, IGT Verbs § 7 . Rel. fil, Trip.² 842 , fail, SR 392 , no fail , 933 . With impers. ending: filter, MacCongl. 31.25 . -fuiltear, TD 2.42 . 1 pl. ra fuilemm , TBC-LL¹ 2971 . -failmet, SR 6320 , -ḟuilmíd, Acall. 5101 . -ḟuilmíd, -ḟoilmíd, -ḟuileam, -ḟoileam, IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 pl. -bhḟuilti, Acall. 962 . 3 pl. failet, SR 345 . filet, 477 . fuilet, TBC-LL¹ 4739 . -failet, Trip.² 1119 . -filet, TBC-I¹ 1848 , -fileat, CCath. 1270 . -fuilet, 427 . -fuilid, TD 7.23 . Rel. failet, SR 400 . ra failet , TBC-LL¹ 5225 . fuilet, 4709 . filet, PH 435 . See also do-fil.

Consuet. pres. 1 s. bim, PH 6393 . bím, -bím, IGT Verbs § 7 . ? -ruibim, SG 373.29 . 2 s. -bi, SR 2035 . bí, ní bí, IGT Verbs § 7 . 3 s. bíd, TBC-I¹ 1453 (LU). biid, SR 4537 . bíd, 4588 . -bí, TBC-I¹ 472 . -bíonn, TD 22.12 . -bind, RC xlix 37.13 . bídh, -b, IGT Verbs § 7 . Impers. bither, PH 7441 . -bithar, Laws iv 234.2 Comm. 1 pl. bímit, Acall. 886 . bídmaid, 5481 . bímíd, -bímíd, -bíom, IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 pl. bíth, Acall. 6139 . 3 pl. bīd, TBC-I¹ 1075 (bít, LU). -bíat, TTr.² 330 . -bít, PH 4189 , -bíd, TD 5.5 . Rel. bit (= bíït), SR 7259 . bít, TBC-LL¹ 1320 .

Indic. impf. 1 s. do bhínn , TD 23.7 . 3 s. nobīth, TBC-I¹ 593 (nobíid, LU cited above). robíth, TBC-I¹ 1903 (LU). do bhíodh , TD 14.23 . do bhíoth , 26.12 . Impers. bithi, Auraic. 5286 = -bithi, RC xx 150.y (ACC Pref.). no bithea , Acall. 156 . 3 pl. naboitis, TBC-I¹ 855 LU (nobitís, Y). nobīdis, 3621 (Y). bítís, 1898 (LU). no beitis , LL 407a27 . ro bitis , PH 1957 . do bhítís , Acall. 830 . do bhídís , TD 15.18 . Rel. tri cnuasa bítís ann, Acall. 455 .

Ipv. 1 s. bír (: gním), IGT Verbs ex. 94 . 2 s. b, Parrth. Anma 3871 . 3 s. bīdh, ZCP vi 271.z . bíodh, TD 16.2 . bíoth, 17.1 . 1 pl. bíom, Dán Dé xiv 17 . 2 pl. bíthe (: -chíthe), IGT Verbs ex. 95 . bídh, ex. 109 . bidhí, Luc. Fid. 3430 . 3 pl. bíod, TD 16.19 .

Subj. pres. 1 s. ber, SG 172.15 . uér, Ériu ii 92.9 . beor, v 222.46 . bheith mé, TD 8.9 . -ra bur , TBC-LL¹ 1112 . -rabor, ZCP xii 401.30 . ? -rabhus, ZCP v 523.27 = rabasa, Ériu xii 144.12 (TE). -rabar, ZCP iii 32.37 . bear, rabhar, -bear, -rabhar, IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 s. bé, SR 1607 . beir, BNnÉ 288.29 . Acall. 592 . -rab(a)i, BDD² p. 80 . -rabha, Irish Texts iv 75 § 16 . -rabhair, Fing. R. p. 13 note 86 . -mbéis (: Céis), IGT Verbs ex. 100 . -beis(se) (: meise), Dán Dé xiv 20 . -rabais, Fing. R. 86 , BDD² 363 (see ZCP xxvii 75-8 ). beis, rabais, -beis, -rabais, IGT Verbs § 7 . 3 s. beth, TBC-I¹ 270 (beith, v.l.), IGT Verbs ex. 101 . -b, TBC-I¹ 1671 . -raib, Trip.² 2753 . -rab, TBC-I¹ 1430 . -raibhe, Parrth. Anma 2616 . rabh, raibh, -bé, -raibh, -rabh, IGT Verbs § 7 . Rel. bess, TBC-I¹ 1104 (beis, Y). beas, IGT Verbs § 7 . Impers. bethur, Laws ii 36.20 Comm. 1 pl. beme, Snedg. u. Mac R 9.14 . bemmit, TBC-LL¹ 2137 . bemait, Acall. 5478 . -bém, CCath. 1124 . -beam (: leam), Dán Dé xii 10 . -ruibem, SR 5540 . -rabum, PH 7899 . bheam, rabham, IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 pl. bethi, SR 1233 . rabthai, PH 1977 . 3 pl. beit, Trip.² 1653 . -bet, TBC-I¹ 1053 . -beat, Lism. L. 4702 . -rabat, Laws iv 42.29 Comm. -rabut, PH 994 . -rabhait, BNnÉ 269.4 . -rabhaid, Parrth. Anma 2836 . -rabheid, RC xxix 136 § 51 .

Subj. impf. 1 s. do beinn , do rabainn , IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 s. no beithi , Trip.² 2972 . no beithe , 2983 = no bethe , Trip. 252.21 . do beitheá , TD 1.44 . 3 s. no beith , Trip.² 2967 . nobith, TBC-I¹ 3543 . dá mbeadh , TD 29.6 . -mbeath, IGT Verbs ex. 97 . -rabad, RC iii 184.24 . Impers. -bethe, Trip.² 2828 . -bette, Metr. Dinds. iii 382.19 . rabtha, TBC-LL¹ (C) 1675 . 1 pl. dá mbiadh sinn, TD 28.25 . 3 pl. nobeitis, SR 7855 . nobeidis, TBC-I¹ 3557 . dá mbeith siad, TD 26.36 .

Fut. (see Bergin, Ériu ii 46-8 ) 1 s. bíat, TTr.² 89 . biat, PH 1244 . biad (bíatt v.l.), CCath. 5137 . bhead, Parrth. Anma 6378 . bed, ZCP vi 41.10 . bét, 69.2 . bett, BNnÉ 52 § 42 . -biu, TBC-LL¹ 882 . -bhiú, Dán Dé xiv 20 . biad, -bi, IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 s. bía, Trip.² 1593 . biae, SR 1599 . -bíai, BNnÉ 291 § 2 . biaidh tú, TD 1.26 . bía, -bía, IGT Verbs § 7 . bethair, ZCP ii 225.4 . 3 s. bied, LU 10362 . biaid, Trip.² 1071 . biáid, TBC-I¹ 169 (LU). biaidh, -bia, IGT Verbs § 7 . Rel. bíes, Trip.² 2671 . bés, CCath. 300 , bes, 657 . bess, PH 4666 . bhias, TD 3.50 . do biass , L. Chl. S. 1 . Impers. beither, Acall. 5259 . beithir, ZCP x 415.11 . 1 pl. bemit, LU 9753 , PH 1501 . bemait, CCath. 1467 . -bem(ni, LU 9753 . beimíd, -biam, IGT Verbs § 7 . -biaim(ne) (: siairni), ex. 108 . ? -ben, BCC 396.19 . 2 pl. bethi, SR 3083 . beitte (: eiti) (beththi, bete v.l.), IGT Verbs ex. 102 . -bed, Trip.² 1590 . 3 pl. biait, Trip.² 2665 , TBC-I¹ 2057 (beite, LU). biat, Trip.² 1288 . beit, TBC-I¹ 80 . beiti, TBC-I¹ 2078 . beti, SR 8157 . betit, SR 853 . TBC-LL¹ 246 , TTr.² 760 . beidid, ZCP x 338 § 1 . -bīat, TBC-I¹ 1132 . beidíd síad, BCC 290.12 . beid, -bíad, IGT Verbs § 7 .

Condit. 1 s. no-béind, PH 6107 . dobeind, 7489 . do beinn, -beinn, IGT Verbs § 7 . 2 s. do bheitheá , TD 19.13 . 3 s. no biadh , CCath. 3754 . -bied, TBC-I¹ 504 . ro bífad , TBC-LL¹ 5112 . rot-fiadh, IT iii 320.4 ( Cóir Anm. 70 ). do biath (: sgiath), IGT Verbs ex. 97 . do bhiadh , TD 2.54 . Impers. no bethe , TTr.² 533 . 3 pl. do bheidīs , Parrth. Anma 5227 .

Pret. and perf. 1 s. ro-bádus, PH 699 . do bhádhus , TD 23.6 . do bhí mé, 5 . -rabus, Acall. 7913 . -rabhas, 1584 . -rabadhus, 356 . do bá , -raba; do bádhus , -rabadhas, IGT Verbs § 7 . do basa ( : bádusa; proscribed form), ex. 103 . 2 s. ro bhádhuis , CCath. 553 . do bhí tú, TD 28.6 . -rabadais, PH 3725. 8121 . -rabhais, Acall. 123 . do bhádhuis , -rabhadhuis, IGT Verbs § 7 . 3 s. bae, SR 7608 . bóe, 6265 . baei, BDD² 127 . búi, CCath. 95 . -bae, SR 4975 . -buí, Trip.² 1505 . robai, SR 2229 , robae, 2262 . robói, PH 2572 . ro bí , CCath. 1302 . robuidh, Ériu iii 198 § 22 . do bí , CCath. 278 . do bhói , Acall. 58 . do bhaoi (: draoi), Dán Dé xii 22 . -rubai, SR 1241 . -roibe, BDD² 498 , -roibi, 1393 . -roba, 251 . -raba, 1533 . -raibhe, TD 2.25 . -rabha, 8.36 . -robha, 1 . do bí , -raibi, do baí , -rabha, IGT Verbs § 7 . With depon. ending -rabhustair, BNnÉ 322 § 31 . Rel. boí, Trip.² 626 . bāi, TBC-I¹ 1277 . būi, 630 . ro bae , Trip.² 288 . ro buí , BDD² 287 . ro baí , 1451 . ro boí , 1517 . Impers. both, Trip.² 2264 . rombatha, Ériu ii 20 § 3 (-a added later). -rabad, iv 146.4. robās, TBC-I¹ 2147 . rombas, SR 7564 , robás, TTr.² 151 . -rabus, Trip.² 54 . rabas, Laws iv 212.22 Comm. , -bádus, MacCongl. 43.22 . -bás, 61.3 . do bás , do bas , -rabas, IGT Verbs § 7 . do bas (: as), ex. 98 . do bhás (: fhás), Dán Dé xxvi 9 . 1 pl. bāmur, TBC-I¹ 399 . do bámar , Acall. 1283 . do bhámair (: Ádhaimh), Dán Dé xv 17 . -rabamar, TBC-I¹ 2495 . 2 pl. robabair, Anecd. ii 14.9 . -babhair, Blathm. 23 (see notes ). robadbair, TBC-I¹ 2502 . do bhábhair , TD 22a.1 . -rabhuir, Acall. 114 . -rabhabhair, TD 22a.2 . 3 pl. bādar, TBC-I¹ 472 . -bátir, TTr.² 1308 . ro badar , CCath. 573 n. ro bádar , Acall. 75 . do bídur , 5942 . -rabadar, TBC-I¹ 3108 . -rabhadair, TD 26.10 . ro baisit , O'Dav. 728 . -rabhsad, TD 16.21 . Rel. bátar, Trip.² 591 . BDD² 505 . ro bátar , 543 . Vn. an bheith , IGT Verbs § 7 . Vbl. of necess. beitte, TD 28.30 .

Cf. cenmothá, íarmothá, óthá.

Used in meaning is in a large variety of contexts. Normally replaced by copula (see 1 is) in certain fixed syntactical patterns (classification, identification, etc.), and when used in these cases exceptional (see above and II below).

I Expressing existence.

(a) Used absolutely is, exists, there is, etc.: ata in coimdiu gl. Dominus in cælo sedis eius, Ml. 30b27 . nabad hed a méit nádmbǽ `let it not be only that it is not' gl. nec nominetur in uobís, Wb. 22b14 . ní fil aimsir nad mbed ref. to fuit et est semper, Ml. 17a15 . ní torménmar-ni ara mbetis in gnimai sin gl. præter spem nostram, etc., 115b1 . ni fil chumtubairt gl. indubitabilia, etc., Sg. 154b2 . ma nubed `if it existed', 31b21 . ro baoi siomh re tuisdinsiú `he existed', Blathm. 632 . as e as soithcerndomh fil, 773 . ma rombe is maith if it is, it is well, Laws iv 2.14 Comm. ni rabi uair . . . nad ro bai `there was no hour . . . that He existed not', Ériu ii 106 § 16 . a cin for athair .i. uair na bí mac, Laws iv 240.16 Comm. Columb [ro]baoi, Columb bīaas, ZCP viii 198 § 20 . tar ēis a mic . . . / nī raba acht dā aenbliadain `was alive only two years', Ériu iii 198 § 24 . as a rad ata a nadmaim cin co be by saying there is a covenant though there is not, Laws iv 52.30 Comm. ni tha . . . ní a ngeimre in winter there is nothing, 90.1 (with petrified inf. pron. 3 s. n. in dat. sense?). ní bía terca bíd there will not be a scarcity of food, BColm. 52.5 . bid dno maith, ┐ ni bi derrscugud de `yet there is good, and nothing to surpass it', Auraic. 703 . is tré ómun bíid serc, Ériu i 195.1 . céin beti neóil im gréin ngil, Metr. Dinds. ii 38.z . i céin raibh nemh is talamh as long as . . . endure, BNnÉ 314 § 8 . bai cocad mor etarro, RC xxiv 186 § 19 . In phrase (acht) atá ní (chena) but, moreover, see 1 ní (e).

In periphrasis when emphasis on some element other than the verb is required: bieid nach dréct diib hícfider, Wb. 4d6 . bieid bes ferr de, 32a13 . do budh cusmail rit co robuis uair ecin, ┐ co n[d]ingenta rét feramail `that thou wert once such an one that thou couldst . . .', ZCP vi 87.13 . ba-sa tan / nī folabrainn ilach gamh , Ériu ii 95 § 3 . ata[a]t .iii. cáini nad chumgat comarbai do chumscuchud, Ériu xvii 68 § 9 ( Laws iv 210 ). Note further: atāit teora brīathra / ata lōgmaire for nim, ZCP vii 312 § 25 .

With words expressing time: bieid aimser nad creitfider, Wb. 28c14 . aidchi robuī `one night', Ériu ii 222.25 . fecht robai `once', Mon. Tall. 147.2 (§ 52) . biaidh uair 's . . . a time will come when, Dán Dé vii 31 .

Introducing a statement: cia beith ara rogba bóairechas riasíu ropo chúairddulchach though it be that he assume, Críth G. 67 . dá mbeith fós go mbiadh an Fhraingc comh líonmhar ┐ adeir seisean `granted that', Keat. ii 933 . má tá go seachnoid síol Éibhir . . ., TD 29.7 . ci(d), gi(d) bé whatever, whoever (see Ériu xii 210 ): ria flaithaib, .i. rias na flaithib, cibe flaithe iat `whatever chieftains they be', Laws iv 154.17 . gidh bé lá cheannghar an chairt, Dán Dé xiv 17 . cidh bé do bhean díbh an dúthaigh, DDána 26.1 . bíd (ipv. 3 s.) co n- although: admhuim . . . mo pheactha . . . bīodh gomadh é mo mhīan a bhfolach though I should wish to hide them, Parrth. Anma 4625 . bīodh nach gcaoifithea go spesialta fá gach peacadh though you might not weep specially for each sin, Mac Aingil 235 . bíth gur gheallas . . . though I promised, Ó Bruad. ii 212 § xiv . In constr. manibed x ní bíad y were it not for x y would not be, see má II (b).

(b) The subst. vb. is usual with predicates consisting of adverbial phrases of all kinds (prep. and noun, adjj. and nouns used adverbially, etc.) and thus enters into a large and varied corpus of idioms. A select list follows. Reference should in all cases also be made to the nouns, adjj., adverbs and prepositions concerned.

With CO: atáthar sund chucut your adversary is approaching, LL 10300 ( TBC-LL¹ 3316 ).

With CO N-: atúsa com thegluch there is myself and my household troop, TBC-LL¹ 437 .

With DI: im chaingin robui de muintir Tamlachti friss `about a business that arose between the monastery of Tallaght and him', Mon. Tall. 157.7 (§ 72) . masu de chlaind Echdach aird / atāi, ZCP xi 108 § 1 . ní bia debaid . . . de, Ériu iv 108 § 69 . Of materials: an crann dobí na sesam ... dobí sé do cepresus was a (lit. of) cupressus, Maund. 9 . In phrase a.¤ di such is: roboi du meit a pecthae `so great were their sins', Ml. 98c6 . má beth tra do hūaite ind āessa gráid `if the ordained folk be too few', Ériu i 220 § 13 .

With DO: biid do anmmaim cathrach `(Samnis) is as the name of the city', Sg. 104b5 . nád robatar suin do ṡlund in dúildetad inchoisget `there were not words (enough) to signify . . .', 45b1 . manusbeth tenga dia relad `if (the sun) had a tongue', Ériu ii 126 § 81 . ata eric a fogla do dul a ruradh o duine, Laws iv 50.5 Comm. Expressing possession, etc.: con roib core dúib fri cách so that you may be at peace with all men, Wb. 26b30 . in fochricc file do i nnim, 29b29 . cach ngrád asid n-ísliu bíid dó i céilsini, Críth G. 374 . robi timna in ríg don Comdhe, RC xviii 182.5 . nico mbái dó acht bás there was nothing for him but death, Vita Br. 32 . fecht robúi damsae domchaomnacuir `once it happened to me', Mon. Tall. 144.7 (§ 45) . atá damhsa ris an dáimh / gan ísliughadh neith dá gcáil it is my duty in regard to the sages not to belittle . . ., Content. xiv 8 .

With FOR (later AR): as ṅdath glas roboi forsind sl[é]ib the mountain was green, Ml. 84d4 . cech dath is maith ré neach bid forro, RC vi 183.9 . cēin beó ar in mbith mbuide, Ériu ii 92.16 . nocha cuinnghim bethaid mbí / ōtú ar sīth mo Rīgh amuigh since I am outside the palace of my king(?), ZCP vii 301 § 10 . scríbend menmman .i. robbói for a inndṡliucht-som `it had been in his mind', Sg. 178b4 . in sét atá form aire on which I am intent, Ériu vi 115 § 6 . a mhacnas orm gidh eadh raibh though I greatly desire to do so, Dán Dé xix 6 .

With FRI: nobiad fri femen `it would be (used) with the feminine', Sg. 207b2 . ní biat remsuidigthi friu `there are no prepositions with them', 215a5 . ni humhal robabair rim cen erghe rónn you were not submissive to me, Anecd. ii 14.9 . ba [mait]h ro mboth friu they were well treated, TBFr. 145 . is throit ra bass risin fer út that man was quickly dispatched, TBC-LL¹ 2986 ( LL 10035 ).

With I: is hi tuaisciurt slebe sióin ata in chathir, Ml. 67d8 . ataam ar ndiis i cuimriug, Wb. 32a28 . is and . . . bieid finis, 13b29 . is sunt bia-sa i n-eilithri, Ml. 137b7 . nach dú i mbí isnaib salmaib iustitia, 109a2 . bēti a scēla illāidib, ZCP iii 37.32 . dēna torba airm i mbī, vii 311 § 9 . ro-bas i lurg an madma la clannaibh Néill the Clanna N. pursued the rout, xiv 234.16 . adh bes fiu da trian na samuisce atá isín focreic, issed ata isin fogail doníther ris na ferandaib cétna i fuacht an geimridh `a calf which is worth two thirds of the `samhaisc'-heifer which is paid for the rent, it is it that is paid for the trespass', Laws iv 92.16 Comm. cínta do niad na cethra . . . leth a mbia ina nairlim isedh bias ina tairsci `half of that fine which lies for their `airlim'-trespass . . .', 74.8 Comm. cod a midídar ruire trachta ┐ raite? Nin; co rabadar ocht nurcora dec and do fhleascach, 138.4 Comm. ní bhíadh na ghoin é d'oighedh / toil Dé muna deónaighedh His wound would not be enough to cause His death, IGT Decl. ex. 378 . Common in form with suff. pron. 3 s. n. ma beith nech and tra labrathar ilbélre if there be anyone, etc., Wb. 13a4 . ar atá brithem and cenut-su `a judge is there apart from thee', 6b25 . ataat alaaili interiecta and it coitchena do cach ceniul, Sg. 10a1 . attaad teora bliadna and. Niconcomracamar díoblíonaib `it is three years since we two had intercourse', Mon. Tall. 134.26 (§ 21) . For phr. cid fil and trá see trá. In idiom tá sé i n-a fhear he is a man (see Dillon, ZCP xvii 307 ff. ): is amlaid . . . atá in rigsudi sin inna chathaír chumtachta, LU 2005 ( FA 7 ). cidead bes ina bibdaid `even though he be a caitiff', Ériu v 22.20 . gu raibhe 'na cholum ghel, Acall. 1080 . ce raib se i n-a fhír, PH 7324 . do bí 'n-a mnaí grádaig ac Find, Acall. 2018 . do rígh gion go rabhthá id mhac, DDána 91.15 . Note also: tuc . . . aithne gurbh e righ Eirenn do bí ann that it was in fact the king, Ériu iii 152 § 6 . ro innis do gur 'uo he Isu ro ui ann, RC xii 344.15 .

With IMM: ni baitir, ni loisctir cein beit immo `he is not drowned or burnt as long as they are on him', RC vi 183.8 .

With LA: gan bheith le Dia is ann bhus aithreach if we are not on God's side, Dán Dé x 27 . Expressing possession and related ideas: is lib atá a rogu, Wb. 9a23 . is derb lium attá latsu gl. certus sum autem quod et in té, 29d14 . ainmm ninchoisc cenéuil issed file la laitnóri, Sg. 30b8 . is airi nobíth digaimm leo ante ρ. sin, 9b10 . ni fil bríg laisiom hisind accobar sin `he considers that such desire is no great matter,' Mon. Tall. 151.13 (§ 62) . is dé atá lem, fobíth, etc. this is why I think so (of an assertion), TTr.² 343 . itá a rīgan la cach ríg sund, TBC-I¹ 190 . fail leis secht nimi, SR 629 . ar ní ḟil acht oenlám lim, LL 14150 .

With ó: báoi alaile anchoire antuaid o sláne `there was a certain anchorite from Slane in the North', Mon. Tall. 159.8 (§ 77) . cech lennánacht fil isin domvn is úadhi atá originates with her, TTr.² 370 . Bressal Ó Tressaig ō' tāit / Hī Tressaig `. . . from whom are sprung', Ériu ii 50 § 7 . ni fil[et] o neoch ┐ ni filter uaidibh `they are not derived from anything, and nothing is derived from them', Auraic. 1507 .

With OC: ar notéighed dīa sathairn init co mbídh oc Cnocc Droma Coblai, ZCP viii 106.29 = Trip.² 2858 . ma no bith . . . mo c[h]laideb acom if I had my sword, TBC-I¹ 3543 . co rabat aidmi oc cech altōir . . ., Ériu i 219 § 9 . in ti ac na biat ba, Laws iv 36.10 Comm. in fhil biad ocaib sund? PH 6709 . ná raibh agad ar n-éra `refuse me not', Studies 1918, 99 § 16 . In impers. constr. cindas atathar occat? how are affairs with thee? RC xxvi 368.9 . a.¤ y oc x x has the power to do y: ní bhía . . . ag boigṡín / mo chor tar creich Phádraigín, Ériu ix 163 § 7 .

With adverbs and adv. phrases: céin bett abus `while they are here below', BColm. 98.28 . ní rubai nach cruth ailiu `it cannot be otherwise', Sg. 7b3 . ataat ám in chrut sin, 140b1 . hóre nád robe Tit ar mo chiunn, Wb. 14d29 . na muindtire bís id choimidecht `of the monks that live with thee', Mon. Tall. 128.8 (§ 3) . dá rabh mé ar éanmhagh is í, Dán Dé ix 12 . is bether go hīsiul de, ZCP x 51.6 . bidh co mín michuir ret c[h]airdibh, vi 272 § 3 . is samlaid insin robói a flaithemnacht indibsi, Ml. 18a8 . nī hamlaid beitid na nāimh . . ., ZCP xiii 9.26 . dobadus co subhach rompa, KMMisc. 319.27 . léig mar atāit tall, ZCP viii 202.4 . trath atusa sund, TBC-LL¹ 2379 . ionmhuin uan nar fhás ó mhnaoi / do bhás go truagh ar a thí, Dán Dé xxvi 9 . Note also: dá mbem a-moigh `if we win forth', Ériu ix 162 § 2 . With interrogatives: ceth leth atā E., TBC-I¹ 376 . can ata? whence is it? Hib. Min. 8.270 . cāit atā do t[h]igerna?, TBC-I¹ 789 . ciatā inso?, ZCP viii 311.13 . a Findtain, arse, ┐ Éri cía gabad ca rabad inde? `where have things been therein?' Ériu iv 146 § 23 .

(c) Used with inf. and suff. pron. to express possession. With inf. pron.: rosmbia a lóg `they shall have payment for it', Wb. 5d35 . ind indocbál no-b-tá in futuro, 14c16 . ro-n-da-biad cech maith, Ml. 33b13 . rombia-sa la dia . . . a day will come for me when, Vita Br. 12 . roborbē (roburbe v.l.) which is yours, Cáin Ad. 27 . nīmthat asnai I have no ribs, TBC-I¹ 2871 . gell cóic sét di neoch rodmbí `of whatever he has', Críth G. 283 and n. uair nach tá tír dia fhulung fri re napuidh because he has no land to support him (?), Laws iv 30.19 Comm. rom be nem may I have heaven, Snedg. u. Mac R 14 § 76 . Femen intan rombai rí . . . when it had a king, RC xvii 148.19 . cia luag nomtha?, SR 1165 . rombí lethbairgen, Anecd. i 73 § 211 . atbert Cathair nimthasa ní dhuit I have nothing to give you, LL 386b22 . Note also: nintha do imtecht liumm `I have (lit. we have) no news', RC xiii 222.20 . With cumang (or similar word) and prep. DO has the power to: nímtha cumachtæ ṅdo, Ml. 140b7 . ní-s-ta som . . . cumang domm orcuin-se, 60d3 . nísmbói didiu do chumacc a mmbo do imain they hadn't the strength to, Vita Br. 24 . sáerthar lat in domnach cech cumang rotbé (rodbe, rotbia, v.ll.) dó `with all your might', Ériu ii 204 § 22 . nícom thása cumang dia tabair[t], TBFr. 302 . apraind nachimbai-si nert do theacht cucu alas that I had not strength . . ., TBC-I¹ 3439 . Used independently is able: nīmt[h]a a dechmad d'indisin / nech doní do maith `I cannot tell a tithe of all the good he does', BColm. 70.6 . nimta-sa sin . . . uair da caithius mo dan re sciathaib Ulad I cannot do that . . ., Ériu v 72.8 . Note also: ango dano for Ingcél adfía basa lecht bas briscium `peradventure I shall be the frailest corpse', BDD 102h ( RC xxii 211 ) = at-mbia basa lecht bas brisceam, BDD² 716 (leg. ro-t-bia?).

With suffixed pron. taithiunn . . . / ni fris tarddam ar n-áthius `we have . . . something to which to apply our acuteness', Thes. ii 293.19 . táithi caire umai he has a bronze cauldron, Críth G. 197 . tathum rūn, TBC-I¹ 848 . bethib sūirsi lim-sa dano ye will enjoy freedom with me, ZCP viii 316.5 . tathat lim logh do áes, logh do sinnsire thou hast with me = I accord thee, xii 365.13 . baíthium anfud mílach mend, LU 3018 . tathuib comram, Rawl. 88b51 . tathum o día praind, Anecd. i 64 § 120 . tāthud ochtar la suidiu / airm hi fail a crōlighe `thou wilt find eight men . . .', Fianaig. 12 § 16 . tathai eolus maith, ZCP vii 310 § 1 . tatos subhae `they have happiness', Blathm. 82 . Pleonastically: tathai erouidh . . . bithbron `Herod . . . has eternal sorrow', 83 .

(d) In nasalising rel. clauses to denote has something the matter, is ailing: ced das in ben maith? `what ails the good woman?', Thes. ii 329.48 . cidh tás do sūil, a clērich? what is the matter with your eye? RC xxvii 280 § 35 . Oengus mac in Dagdai hisiurcc di bliadan. Cid tas or Bodb, RC iii 345.9 . ra[fh]etur sa . . . an daas ind ingen what is wrong with the girl, Vita Br. 5 . ni fetarsa cid no-tó I do not know what is the matter with me, ZCP viii 176.5 . cid no-taí? Sc.M² 3 . roḟetarsa a n-attath[a]i. Ni taam ni or Cano, Anecd. i 9.25 ( SCano 293 ). cid tāthaí, a maccu? . . . oc imresain atām . . ., Ériu viii 157.16 . ni confetatarsin cid rombui hissennath, RC iii 344.10 . dia ḟis cid robái (rombui, v.l.) grían to find out what was the matter with the sun, Ériu iv 140.13 .

With prep. DO feels (inimically) towards, is angry with, worries: propter incredulitatem fracti sunt .i. cani airi .i. badochu lem són is [hed] romboth doib that is the fault found with them, Wb. 5b31 . cren dímsa m'ingin . . . Cid dathir di? . . . Is dichmarcach what cause of annoyance has she given? Vita Br. 13 . fiarfaig Conchobar scēla dō. —Cidh tāi di ṡodain? ol Bricriu why do you bother with it? ZCP v 502.15 . cadai-siu duind?, TTebe 424 . In good sense treats in a special manner: ca tāthar dúin do domnach des / sech gach laithi lāndiles? `why do we hold Sunday above . . .?' Ériu iii 143 § 7 . With added prep.: cidh 'ma bfuile dam? ZCP x 10.11 . ná bí réd chathrachaibh dhúinn `talk not to us of your forts', Content. vi 31 . See further s.v. daas. Frequ. in class. verse in phrase gá dtá, dás (acht) what is the use? in short. Either gá dtá or gá tá may be used to suit alliteration, see Ir. Syll. Poetry 86 . fogus orchra don éigsi / gá ttás cur ré coiméidsi `how can she be saved?' Studies 1923, 421 § 1 . gá dás luadh imdheachta an ḟir? `what need to recount', TD 13.40 . gá dás mé dá mīrbuile / acht sé d'fás ó ÓghMuire, IGT Decl. ex. 200 . gá dtám? —acht torchuir bu dheas in short, TD 3.10 . With follg. prep.: gá dtám ris . . . / acht meise féin foidhidneach, TD 3.41 . ga dtú ris, a rí L.? / ort chuirim mo chomuirghe, 30.12 . ní bhiú ris acht, Dán Dé vi 31 . ní fhuilim dó, xi 30 .

(e) With words indicating number, quantity in sense of accompanied by, having: bí[i]th a th[a]urchreicc cóic ṡétaib, Críth G. 71 . baei Conairi a ceithri cairpthig il-Lifiu, BDD 12 (a cethror cairpdech, v.l.). itó-sa lín do gona, TBC-LL¹ 434 . denam d'ḟiadach na muice in lín Feinde atámait, Acall. 2223 . atáthaoi líon a n-ithte, Keat. iii 4439 . atú-sa caegait fer, MR 248.17 . Later: bed-sa ┐ mili ridiri maraen rium ad diaig, ZCP vi 41.9 .

II Expressing state, condition, kind, etc. with pred. consisting of noun, pron. or adj. (usage more usual with copula, see introd. section above).

(a) With noun pred.: boe sab suithe cech dind, ACC 26 ( RC xx 168 ). boe saegul sneid, 24 . boe dind oc libur leigdocht, 27 . biait betha airchind they will be chieftains of the world, Rawl. 125b9 . With subj. standing between the vb. and pred.: atá dia atach ṅ-dún-ni ais dethrebo God is a refuge to us the people of the two tribes, Ml. 66d1 . bói Fíachnae Lurga athair Mongáin, Imr. Brain 42.1 . Cf. Sg. 20b3 .

(b) With adj. pred.: boe seim sáth, ACC 25 . biat slana, SR 4167 (copula?). feib atam nocht, 1347 (copula?). bía slan, LU 3344 ( SCC 13 ). Cf. habe . . . (.i. sana sis .i. slán bee), Enchir. Aug. 82a ( ZCP vii 484 ). dlegar doibsium na be lobtaigh cor ( ar dlegar doibsium na bed lobthaig cor, O'Dav. 1191 ) (Atk. in Glossary emends to be[t]), Laws iv 54.10. atámait ainmfesach, RC xxiv 371.7 . bítíss meth (leg. methi, ed.) occ tinntúd, IT iii 235.z . co filim garbliath i rricht, LU 1272 . ro boísium imnedach i tossuch a bethad, LL 7305 . ro-bádus-[s]a dronnach, PH 2788 . céin beorsa beó as long as I am alive, Ériu v 222.46 . is follus co fuilti eaclach, Fier. 69 . maith dīghōltar ant andlocht / bethar taoblom tarrnocht trūagh folk will be, ZCP xii 395.23 . With subj. betw. vb. and pred.: is trissa ndede sin biid duine slán et fírian, Wb. 4d33 . amal mbís tegdís fás [amm]edón ┐ scópthe gl. sicut domus uacans et scopata, Tur. 14 ( Thes. i 485.23 ). arrobói a rígthech lán de rígaib, Imr. Brain 1 . amal no beithi féin béo and, Trip.² 2972 . co mbatar na hádnaicti óbéla, PH 676 . bis an puls tonnmur lethan, Rosa Angl. 272.8 . oir dobi se crodha do laim ┐ mor do mét, Fier. 2 .

(c) With part. as pred. Immediately follg. vb. (see GOI 475-6 ; OIPG 147 ): amal nombemmis érchóilti gl. tanquam morti destinatos, Wb. 9a3 . biid ersoilcthi ar chiunn for ríg `be ye opened before your king' (of doors), Ml. 46a7 . co rabais (rabhdais, v.l.) marbtha mudaigthi, TTebe 854 . With subj. standing between vb. and pred.: ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti the judgements of God are incomprehensible, Ml. 55d11 . céin nombetis inna saigtea tuidmithi inna feuil `as long as the arrows were fixed in his flesh', Ml. 58a9 . órobatar ind liss dúntai, Imr. Brain 1 . co ra-bi in uli demnaigecht fomamaigthi dó, PH 2796 .

(d) In sentences where the vb. stands in a nasalising rel. clause and refers to a pred. expressed in the principal clause: is faittech rond-boi som, Ml. 21d4 . ni ba cian mbias in pecthach, 56c22 . fer . . . nadip romar bed a sommæ a man . . . whose wealth should not be too great, Thes. ii 241.9 . is-gáibthech atátur i-sin-magh sin, RC xxiv 378.12 . is trog robas isin chotlad sin, Ériu v 34.z . ní cás duid madh diomdhach raibh / grása Dé . . ., Dán Dé xix 22 . [is] slán do bhaoi an brat-sain, xii 22 .

(e) In the type of sentence where the description constitutes an independent sentence with copula: ego sum uermis et non homo .i. atāim-si conad cruim mē ┐ nāch duine, Corm. Y 211 . ro boi Victor co mbo ḟortachtaigthid do Pátraic, ACL iii 10 § 8 = Trip.² 217 . unus non est . . . .i. nochon fhil int aen co mbad airim, acht ata conidh fotha airim, Auraic. 689 . dom dóigh . . . robadhuis uair ecin ┐ roba díl anora tú `it seems to me . . . that there was once a time when thou wert worthy of honour', ZCP vi 99.5 .

v speaks in an undertone, mutters; murmurs: balobrathair cach fer, Rawl. 131b41 ( Expuls. 5 ). ba-sa tan | nī folabrainn ilach gamh , Ériu ii 95 § 3 .

n o, m. Cf. falc, IGT, Decl. § 96 . Nocha snámh leac bhfúar a (le; re v.l.) falc, ex. 1716 . Heavy rain, wet weather: ferfaid f.¤ [a] fid da brōn, Lec. 400vy = LL 298a21 ( SG 366.19 ). f.¤ ind erraig ┐ f.¤ in gemrid, ZCP iii 245 § 55 . f.¤ mor isind [f]oghomur, AU 878 . tainic doinenn ┐ falc fertana, BNnÉ 208 § 61 . falc flechaid, Hy Fiach. 286.7 . gamh ... co ffolc ndearmhair, AFM ii 1100.13 . Transf. of tears: fertais frossa faen a f.¤ `they shed showers of tears, weeping prostrate' Metr. Dinds. iv 20 (leg. faena and take f. as g p. ?). ba saeth la F. anisin ┐ luidis co ro chi folcc mbrothraige fiad a athair , Rawl. 124a41 . Of the sea: ro cuirit i falc mara móir, Mer. Uil. 12 (= BB 445a40 ). Of steeping malt: braich ... la co n-aidchi i f.¤ (.i. a n-uisci), Laws ii 240.18 (25) .

See foilc.

n (n s. also gam and gem) winter-storm, winter: snigid gaim ro faith sam, LU 852 ( RC xx 258 [ ACC 63 Comm. ]). cid nach gaim tira bithu sam, SR 7920 . gam quasi gamos ... nouimber, Corm. Y 672 . dirsan marbān im-mí gamh (: īaramh), 673 = a mí ghaim, LB. i mmī gaim .i. i ngaimreth, 687 ; 'Monat der (einsetzenden) Winterstürme' g p. (cf. Slíab Gam, Co. Sligo) Bruchst. 43 . gaim ... .i. hiems , O'Mulc. 615 . sam, gam, errach, fogamur, Ériu ii 100.2 . nī folabrainn ilach gamh (: tan), 95 . fomus iar ngaim (stroke over`g'), ZCP xii 362.9 . icol isiṅn uargaim, ZCP ix 339 § 2 . gem cáin cuisnech, Tec. Corm. § 36 . gamh ilṡíonach, AFM ii 1100.12 .

Compds. gaim—, gam—, gem—: ¤adaig: ciach do gair gemadaig, LU 10418 . misi Gaeth garb ... is Gemadaig m'ainm, RC xxiii 418.2 . fot na gem-óidche, PH 2415 . Cf. SCano 19 , Airne F. 22 . gaduidhe na geamhoidhche, Studies 1920, 99 § 10 . an ghamhadhaigh ghamhrata, Mar. Dis. i 16.60 . ¤biad winter-food: itir gaimmbiadh ocus saimbiadh, Laws iv 312.5 . ¤chorgus winter-Lent (i.e. Advent): samchorgus nō gemchorgus, ZCP xiii 29.15 . L. Chl. S. § 51 . ALC i 403.11 . AFM iii 346.22 . ¤fér winter-grass , Laws iv 96.1 . ¤find winter hair: gaim-finn (etym. gl. on gaimen), Corm. Y 242 . ¤fuacht `the winter season' (O'Don.): cúic misa ... fri gamfuacht, tri misa in gaimridh, ocus in da mí taisecha do errach fri gaimfuacht, Laws iv 88.23 . Smachta cacha raithe acht ni cuma samfucht ocus gamfucht. ... Cesc caiti in gemfucht innrad. ... Fer .uii. mís .i. in da mi degenach do foghmar ┐ trí mísa gemhred ┐ in da mí tuisech do errach, ise in gamfucht indrad insin, O'Curry 23 - 24 ( H 3.18, 10b - 11a ). ocht meich ar geamfuacht, ocus a cethair ar samfuacht. Mad gemfuacht ogh ro ortar ann, asreanidar a hocht ind (of trespasses on grassland), Laws iv 104.18 - 20 . smachta gaimfauchta .i. ... iní smactaigther a fuact in geímre, ib. 78.5 , 20 ; 146.15 Comm. (gemfucht). ar [a] tesaidecht i n-aimsir in geamfuachta, Laws i 2.7 . ¤gelt winter grazing: gaim-gelt (metaph. of a man), ZCP ix 454 § 37 . ¤laithe a winter's day: uide tri ngaimlaithe, Ériu ii 120.11 . ¤lías a winter-stall: méit gamlías hi tallat trichait n-gamna, LU 9186 ( FB 91 ). ¤lóchet winter-lightning: co nā rīsadh gemlōichet hē, ACL iii 4.27 , 28 . Anecd. i 9.15 (gaimlochad). ¤orgain winter-trespass (?): Laws iv 88.1 . ¤shecal winter-rye: do gebbad guirt gemshecoil, MacCongl. 85.4 .

adj i (orig. u, GOI § 358 ). As subst. a p. iliu, O'Dav. 621. LL. 119b50 . Sg. form of adj. with pl. noun : nidat glain for n-adbai hil (: dil), SR 7996.

With a noun in pl. many, numerous: atá n-ili dána in spirto `that the Spirit's gifts are many,' Wb. 12a11 . it corp in boill-sin cit íli, 12a13 . arnaib réib ilib, 22a8 . inna leri ili gl. operas multas, Ml. 28c2 . os ní ili `we many', 43a6 . rugil (gl. nonnullo= rug-il `sehr viel'), ZCP vii 488 § 41 , cf. GOI § 366. co mmárbuidin martrae | naptar ili lochtae, Fél. March 18. fertae amrai ili | dogénatar airi, ib. Ep. 175. it ile imda mo anmandsa cheana, BDD² 554. ili insi Mod ... ili tonna mara : liä dāma Domnaill, Bruchst. i § 12 . bātar ili Cothraige | cetharthrebe dia fognad `many were there whom C. ... used to serve,' Thes. ii 309.3 . do flaithib ilib echtrandaib, Laws ii 308.17 . di each dec diamut ili sealbu `if they have belonged to various owners,' v 242.10 Comm. robdar úaite a n-éolaig ┐ robdar ile a n-anéolaich, Ériu iv 126.10 . fíad andrib ilib, LU 3902. ili ceanna, ūatte enech, ZCP viii 195 § 10. bid uaite bar n-airchisechtai, bidt ile bar námait, Alex. 223. go ro chaoininn m'ulca ile, Measgra D. 42.27 .

With a noun in sg. manifold, much, great: cosin taidbse il gl. cum multa ostensione, Ml. 30b11 . in tomais il .i. in toimseo truim (gl. multi ponderis), 20a21 . bith cen ṡeotu | arlicud il | ilar carat `much lending,' Tec. Corm. § 14.29 .

As subst. many, a multitude: tresa n-íccatar híli `through which many may be saved,' Wb. 27c20 . do ṡlund hile `to signify many,' Sg. 28b24 . ní derscaigi in comparit di hilib a cheneiuil feissin, 40a6 . a n-il gl. multum, Ml. 43d23 . aisnefimit uáiti do ilib dib `de multis pauca perstringemus,' Lat. Lives 45.7 . togaethfaid sochaide soifid iliu, LL 119b50 . gellfat-sa de fīad ile in the presence of many, ZCP x 41.22 . co ttangattar ili diabhal ina thimcheall, BNnÉ 6 § 19. tidhnacul mbīdh ... coemthach n-ile, ACL iii 296 § 41. fechtas for iliu oenfer `which one man wreaks upon many,' O'Dav. 621. ar ilib ... ┐ ní ar na huilib dóinib `pro multis .. non pro omnibus,' PH 5227. dú in ro marbhadh íle, AFM i 440.9 . cf. ile .i. iomad, no iolardha, O'Cl.

Equative: con bús lir bommanna ega, TBC-LL¹ 5949. comtar lir gainem mara ... a lleithchind ┐ a llethchloicne ..., RC iii 177.29 . For compar. : comtís lir a mmairb anda a mbí, TBC-LL¹ 6006. at lir turim thrá frassa na saiget past counting, LU 2212. With compar. ending for comparative : is liriu feoir no folt fidbuide `more numerous than ...,' Ir. Gl. p. 70 n . Compar. lia more, more numerous, greater: nabad lia diis no thriur `let it not be more than ...,' Wb. 13a4 . lia gl. plures, Sg. 41a9 . air robtar lia sidi ol mbatar maicc israhel, Ml. 123a8 . ce beth lin is lia do crichaib eturru `a greater number of territories,' Laws i 222.z Comm. lia ceasta canoine nā canoin, ocus lia aicned inā udaras, iii 32.8 Comm. at líu luibni fidbad fann | no ruibni rinndglan retglann, SR 7291. is lia indisi ┐ epirt a ndo ligdath doadbat `beyond telling,' Ériu ii 114 § 39. is lia turem tra ┐ aisneis ina mboí dí degmnáib and, LU 8416. ni ḟil nech is lia seóit ... andú-sa, TBC-LL¹ 59. níba lia in rí is taig andā-side `the king had not more people ...,' ZCP xii 272.30 . bid lia a mairb lais na hoirgne andáta a mbí, BDD² 801. longes ba liu andasaide, Cog. 228.14 . ar mhodh nach liadh da a gceannuibh ina da gceudfadhuibh (=quot capita, tot sententiae), Luc. Fid. 333.4 . iomdha fochuinn as a bfoil | fearg ag Chríosd re cloinn Ádhaimh | ... lia tobar na trócuire ` stronger ,' Dán Dé xxi 12. is lia ná soin daonnacht Dé greater , x 12 . am lia d'ḟios is d'ealadhain `I am richer in knowledge ...,' Content. xiv 10. Ír, ní raibhe laoch ba lia `no warrior was greater,' Keat. ii 747. With de : nocha liauite in biadh `the food is not the more plentiful,' Laws ii 28.17 Comm. is liate in da urlabra `the more lengthy,' Auraic. 635. indar leosom gach imat cruth bias fora ndee is liai-di a cumhachta, Marco P. § 152. liaide duine ag dul 'n-a teach | cor na gcreach ar Muire amach, DDána 21 § 16. lía assa lía more and more numerous: lia sa lia an t-aos ealodhna, Ériu v 52.10 . lia sa lia treablaid is teadhma, Dán Dé xii 2. cóir cungnamh as lia sa lia, DDána 34 § 9. lía assa chách more and more numerous: ┐ ni lia 'sa cach iad ┐ ni huaiti, YBL 85a23 . Superl. issē mac dian lia eōlas i nĒrind, Ériu viii 156.7 . ar an leirg bhus lia duine very numerous ?, DDána 24 § 8. corn lán as lia trócuire, A. Ó Dálaigh ix 1. fód as lia iasg ar abhann, Gleanings from Irish manuscripts 8 § 3 v.l. an tráth as teirce an fhéile | 's as lia lucht an toibhéime, L. Cl. A. B. 64.154 . lia toimhdeadh atá don fhior very many , 174.61 .

Adv. ind il greatly: multum .i. is ind il as ferr iudeus quam gentilis, Wb. 2a4 . With de : is lia de creitfess `the more ,' 23b7 .

Compds. il is most commonly compounded with plur. nouns, but may also be compounded with nouns of a collective or abstract character, e.g. il-chésad, il-chonách, il-ecor, il-ḟodlaidetu. ¤adbai many dwellings: dia n-ergnaib, dia n-iladbaib, SR 7264. ¤adbara many materials ? : ri secht nimi, rí talman, | ardruiri na n-iladbar, 7734 . ¤ág manifold combat, many fights: g. (? s. or p.) airm ilága , TBC-LL¹ 4105. ¤aicdi many materials: rasilsat i. adhamrai ann .i. nemaind Locha Lein, Anecd. ii 6.6 . ¤aicmi many races, many families: nicon fogail hilltuathai ┐ hilaicme fear talman, Alex. 236. ¤airdbe many slayings: bé dia mbiat ilardbe | eter Ulto erredaib, IT i 69.9 . ¤airm many weapons: dia n-ilarmib, SR 732. ¤anman many names: ilanman domber doib du(a)id 'many names which David gives to them', Études Celt. xl 65 ( Ml. 48c34 ​). ainmnigud oen folaid húa ilanmmanaib, Sg. 30a5 . ¤arda many heights: dor-riagat ilardae uisscib indberaib, BDD² 455. ¤átha many fords: for ilathaib Boinde, YBL 173b52 . m'oenur dam ar ilathaib, TBC-LL¹ 2336. co mensat (leg. memsat, Ed.) ort forsna ilathu, LU 6097. ¤baill many limbs: dorígeni dia corp ... ó ilballaib, Wb. 12a29 . ¤bélrae, ¤bérlai, ¤bérlada n. later m. many languages: is ferr precept oldaas labrad ilbéelre, 12d7 . ni labrátar uili ó ilbélrib, 12b22 . do fogluim na n-ilberla fon doman, Laws i 20.7 Comm. iar cumasc na n-ilbérlae `after the confusion of tongues,' Ériu iv 140.21 . eoin ... cantai ilcheolu i n-ilbelraib, ii 118 § 54 . áit ionar thiodhnuic Día ilbhérladha an domhain do Neamhrúadh, IGT Introd. 3.12 . ¤benna many horned animals: il-benda, Laws i 64.9 . ¤berta ` many burdens,' many tasks ?: gessa ┐ i. bítis for Coinculainn, RC xiv 398 § 1. ¤blassa see blas. ¤blátha many blossoms: forsnig inna hilblátha, Imr. Brain § 6. ¤blíadnai many years: ecmaing bátir ilblédni, § 62. demun oca himluad fri hil-bliadnu, PH 1990. ¤brecht(n)ugud great diversification, great variegation: hilbrectnugud retland roglan i n-aidchi réoid, TBC-LL¹ 5048. ilbrechtnugud cech datha inti, Acall. 5454 n. ilbrechtugud, 7168 . ¤brechtrad, ¤mrechtrad manifold variety: adiecta cona n-ilmrechtrud, Sg. 29b6 . hilbrectradh ndath n-éxamail na cathsciath, CCath. 1728. as lais tuccadh ilbrechtradh gacha datha i n-edighibh ar tús, AFM i 42.z . ¤bríathra many words: mrechtrad inna n-ilbriathar, Ml. 122d11 . ¤brugai (see mruig) g p. imtiagad breatha ilbruige `the judgments on the various farms vary,' Laws v 466.15 . ¤búada many victories, many outstanding qualities: dia n-ilbuadaib, SR 716. ra bátar ilbuada ilarda ... for Coinculaind, TBC-LL¹ 660. innisidh a iolbhuadha, DDána 67 § 23. ¤búaid great excellence ?: lat mac n-oebind co n-ilbúaid, SR 2864. ¤buidne many bands: na hilbuidni airridrici, TTebe 1444 . ¤chaingni many affairs, many troubles: ba mertnech Moisi ... fri hi., SR 4542. ¤chatha many battles: fri frithalim n-i., 5058 . ¤chathraig many cities: Sg. 13a2 . a n-ilchathrachaib tíre Iúda, PH 3675. ¤chelga many treacheries: a fhír-indilltech na n-il-chelg n-exsamail, 8174 . ¤chella many churches : et fundavit il-cella i nDáil Araidi, Lat. Lives 34.13 . ¤chenéle many kinds: ataat i. bérli isin biuth so, Wb. 12d4 . ¤chennadacha many provinces: do luid ri Eoganachta for creich ┐ innrudh ilchendadhach, YBL 1a16 . ¤chenna many heads: tolaib ilchend (of a beast), SR 882. ¤chéola, ¤chéol many melodies, many harmonies, manifold music: binnithir ilcheólu in domain ..., LU 2034. co srethaib ... ilchéolaib, SR 992. parrthus cona thairthib ┐ cona il-cheolaib, YBL 157a16 . binn leisna harcainglibh ilcēol na hēnlaithe, ZCP viii 199 § 5. seinn i., Studies 1919, 611 § 1 . ¤cherda many crafts, many accomplishments: batar hi. inganta leo, PH 889. go ráith bhfódsgoraigh na n-ilcheard n-éagsamhail, DDána 70 § 14. ioldanach .i. duine lan d'ealadhnaib no d'ilcheardaib, O'Cl. ¤chésad ` act of torturing in various ways' : go raibhe dá il-chéasadh ann (i.e. in Hell), TSh. 564. ¤chéta many hundreds: tríasna hilchéta blíedne, Imr. Brain § 65. co ruc il-chéta bó as, RC xvii 363.8 . ¤chethrai many cattle, cattle of various kinds: isin cumusg n-ilcethra `in the intermixture of various cattle,' Laws ii 4.y Comm. imtar imdai a n-i., SR 4662. ¤chíalla many meanings: na ilchialla asind óinrainn, Sg. 197a17 . o oin inna n-ilchial, 154a1 . ataat ilchialla isint sun ebraidiu, Ml. 37a10 . ¤chinéla many races: na hilltuatha ┐ na hilchinela, LB 122b39 . ¤chlessa many tricks: a ilcleasa neme ar indell aicci, TBC-LL¹ 3931 (Stowe). i n-árach a n-il-chleas `varied tricks,' TSh. 528. ¤choin many hounds: airm i mbiat i. géra, LU 2418. ¤chomarbas manifold heirship: can forbeir coimaithces ? A il-comarbus `from several heirs,' Laws iv 68.19 . ¤chomraic many encounters, many combats: nipa frithenech debtha hit ilchomraicib, LU 3495 (SC). ¤chonách : dochuaidh ilconach do Césair `manifold prosperity,' CCath. 2368. ¤chuir many turns ? many circles ? : línib hilchor (a cheville), SR 166 ¤chrícha many territories: i n-ilchrīchaib comadais, ACL iii 218 § 7. ¤dála many delays: a ben, ná bi ic hildalaib, SR 1698. ¤dána many gifts, many arts, many accomplishments ; sg. ¤dán varied skill, manifold science: nítat ildáni do óenfiur et ní óen dán do sochuidi `it is not many gifts to one man ...,' Wb. 21a16 . tormaigid eneclann du neoch il-dana du beith aigi, Laws v 108.16 Comm. In sg. : fairenn cach ildāna of every varied gift, Ériu iv 163.14 . ? used as adj. iar n-eladnaib ildánaib, SR 2226. ¤dath, ¤datha sg. and pl. many hues, varied colouring: Emne co n-ildath féle, Imr. Brain § 60. co mbrechtaib cach illdatha, SR 56. Loch Riach ..., illatha de gach n-aenlā dath gorm, dath buidhe ..., ZCP v 24 § 14. Attrib. gen.: i mbeirtibh óir ioldatha, TD 7 § 26. ¤dechraib d p. many differences: isnaib i., Ml. 125d7 . ¤delba many shapes, varied shapes: rí rodasgni ... i. na n-anmanna, SR 7270. ¤dírib d p. many fines, many compensations: slan enech ecmaing in il-dirib i n-ordaib il-grad ecsi, YBL 179b13 . ¤draídechta varied enchantments: na hildraidhechta ┐ na hileicne ro imerset draithe Cormaic orro, RC xliii 58 § 58. ¤dúili many elements: trí accomol n-ildule `through the conjunction of many elements,' Ml. 145c4 . ro chainset na hilldúile, SR 7760. ¤échta many slayings, many slain: re himad na n-ar ocus na n-ilécht, MR 240.8 . āra ┐ ilēchta, TTebe 2856 . ¤ecor much decoration, much inlay: etaigi caema ... arna n-ilecur do snath alaind orda, TTebe 2214 . Attrib. gen.: ruithean na cathbarr n-orda n-ileagair, 917 . cloidim cru[a]idgher ... ┐ se ordhuirn ilegair, Aen. 1955. ¤ḟaebair, ¤ḟaebra many weapons, varied weapons: na hairm ┐ na hilḟaebair, Acall. 2031. ní geibhtis renna ná ilfaebra he, RC xliii 46 § 45. gé bhrisim ... beirn le beagán iolfhaobhar, DDána 82 § 2. Metaph. armtha lé hiol-fhaobhraibh na haithrighe, TSh. 10816. ¤ḟodla many divisions: nos deocraigitt i n-ecsamlus na n-ilfodal fil forsin mbairdni, IT iii 6 § 4. ¤ḟodlaidetu manifold division: cid i n-airecar ilfodlaidetu forsin cetardu sin (viz. na cethri primfodla filed forsin bardni), IT iii 6 § 4. ¤ḟolta : fri slond n-ilḟolad `to signify many substances,' Sg. 28b22 . ¤ḟuirech much delay: ní bad muilleóir duit fer ilḟuirig `a man of much delay,' Tec. Corm. § 34.5 . níbat ilḟurig im írad n-echtrand `do not often delay ...,' SCC 272 (= LU 3471 ). ¤gáiri, later ¤gáirthe, ¤gár(r)tha many cries, much clamour: a cuirdís óic ilgáire, Acall. 3094. fodord mor ... ┐ ilgaire troma fergacha, LB 151b37 . iolgháirthe gan méid do mhair, IGT Decl. ex. 1983. iolgháirthe badhbh is brainéan, TD § 31. iolach ┐ iolgarrtha, RC xxix 122.7 . ¤gáirdes much joy: cūis ilghairdis, Fl. Earls 238.10 . ¤gáirdiugud much rejoicing or merrymaking: ticdiss ... d'ilghairdiugadh inntinne dōip `to make amusement for them,' 58.15 . ¤gessa many spells, many enchantments: mar mhná na n-ilgheas oile, TD 1 § 17. ó do imdhigh a n-ilgheasa `their great prerogatives,' Aithd. D. 45 § 3. ar eól amhra i n-ilgheasaibh, Hackett l 8. ¤géill many hostages: a p. huaire do-foxla ilgiallu, Laws iv 330.4 Comm. ¤glésa many arrangements, manifold equipment: im thalmain co n-ilglessaib, SR 90. re hil-gles a hoirfideach, MR 102.17 . ¤gné many kinds, varied appearances: bieit i. indi són, Ml. 97a1 . Lucifer linib hilgne, SR 1690. nocon fetarsa indat ilgnae do-chuirither in folt fair fo indat trí fuilt failet fair, BDD² 1125. ¤gníma many deeds, various deeds: nicond ailet il-gnima `various works,' Laws v 414.x . a ghríobh na n-ilghníomh n-orrdhuirc, DDána 92 § 40. soidheach il-ghníomh n-amhghlan inn, Aithd. D. 73 § 3. tar eis na n-ilgnim sin do denum, Stair Erc. 1223. ¤gotha : ba uisse ce notectad ilgotha ` many sounds ,' Sg. 197a11 . ¤grád(a) many orders, many grades: ni do thoimsib na n-hilgrad, SR 714. cona ecalsib i n-ilgradaib, ZCP iii 223 § 4. ¤gréssa many ornamentations, many illuminations (of a MS.) : in sgribenn n-amrae ... cona ilgresaib aillib examlaib, Fél. 90.6 . ¤imad very many, a great quantity: maille re hiolimad dona págánachaibh, Ériu v 192.530 . ioliomad édála léo, 194.564 . fer saidhbhir ... co n-ílimad gacha maithusa, RC x 187.14 . Ionas, Iob, ┐ il-iomad oile, TSh. 8434. go n-ilimat bād ┐ ethor, Fl. Earls 86.12 . ¤innéirge : ilinnerghe ineragar o ecluis bunuidh `many desertions are made from an original church,' Laws iii 64.20 . ¤intliuchta : sluindes ilsésu ┐ ilintliuchtu `that signifies many senses and many meanings,' Ml. 37a10 . ¤lanna many blades: ar fich arm il-land ngorm, LL 43a13 . ¤liuna a p. : arna tormastar fort iliuna len lighe `lest there be added to thy numerous sorrows the sorrows of a sick bed,' Ériu viii 173.30 . ¤litre many letters: ar it lia sillaba o illitrib quam ó oinlitrib, Sg. 71a18 . ? ¤lúamand : ? roīr dam ... deich tallima taroeda il-luamand, Ériu ii 28.31 . ¤luicc many places: dorata i. dáib, Trip.² 1185. ¤maicni many tribes, many families: frisna iltuathaib ┐ frisna ilmacnib ┐ frisna ilmílib, TBC-LL¹ 453. ¤maín(e) much wealth, many treasures, many gifts: ladiri ocus ilmuine mic Dé `manifold powers,' Laws i 22.22 Comm. ar id ilmaoine moighter comarbaib, iv 266.24 . fuath lais ór is iolmhaoine, Aithd. D. 20 § 21. do bhronn d'filidh ilmhaíne, IGT Decl. ex. 1173. Fig. (see maín (c)) ; im ṡeirc Dé ba hilmain, Fél. Feb. 11. taimthiu Ióib ilmain (? in app. to taimthiu), June 30 . ¤mara many seas: tíre is iolmhara eadroinn, Studies 1918, 453 § 15 . ¤mairb many dead: ro-thóduscastar hil-marbu ... lais a bás, PH 3747. ¤míana many desires: cin nach n-uiressbhaidh dia n-ilmianaib, Stair Erc. 624. ¤míla many animals: Adam, sruth is ilmílaib, SR 1642. cona huilib hilmilaib, 1632 . ¤míli many thousands: i fil ilmíli brecc mban, Immrama 11 § 19. bíaid ... cath for ilmilib, IT i 131.39 . cid oenfer do hilmilib, SR 4024. co ruca hilmíle lett dochum Nime, Lat. Lives 82.11 . do caithedar ... ilmilti do liagaibh lámh, Stair Erc. 1549. ¤mílid many soldiers: in coica curad ... ┐ na hilmili[d], TTebe 3259 . ¤mná many women: cell a ndentar imot adaltrais ri hilmnaib, Laws v 122.6 Comm. ¤moda many ways: roptar cosmaile hó ilmodaib .i. Moyṡi ocus Pátraic, Trip. ii 474.20 . ¤nathraig many snakes, various snakes: co n-immud a hillnathrach, SR 4684. ¤phairti many parts: cor bloidh in cathbarr a n-ilpairtibh, Stair Erc. 354. ¤phectha many sins: acht ro pennead a n-ilpeacta, Laws v 448.2 . a lloss ilpeacadh cloinde n-Adaim, Leb. Gab.(i) 8.11 . ¤phersain multiplicity of persons, many persons: ní tre ilpersa sed per filium dei (? leg. ¤persana, Edd.), Wb. 32b2 . ¤phíana many pains, varied pains: coro innithmigtís hiffer[n]d cona ilphíanaib, LU 1960. ag ingheilt ar il-phianaibh ifrinn cropping the varied pains of hell, TSh. 1963. ¤phíanad act of torturing in many ways: tuc co port Rig da riagad | na hiuidail, da n-il-pianad, Metr. Dinds. iii 416.34 . dá il-phianadh go síordhaidhe, TSh. 9165. pl. varied tortures: imat ilpianad itfrinn, RC xxviii 320 § 37. ¤phíasta, ¤phésti many or varied beasts, many reptiles: eisc ┐ ilpiasta ichtair in aiceoin, Ériu v 20.12 . no-chodlad a oenur eter na hilphiasta ┐ ni erchoitigitis do, PH 875. tearc ann do na hilphiastaibh, DDána 112 § 16. ¤phíast, ¤phéist (= oillphíast, see s.v. oll) s. monster, serpent: an dubh-loch ... irraibhe an il-péist fraochdha, BNnÉ 135. iiib. 14 . ilphiast 'na hinbhearaibh, TD 13 § 10. ¤ranna many parts, various parts: comsuidiugud o ilrannaib uil composition from all the many parts, O'Mulc. 100. ¤ratha many graces, many blessings: is liriu feor nó folt fidbaide i. in marbnaid noeb siu, ZCP iii 225.4 . ¤rechta many shapes: is de atberthe in siriti ara met no delbad i n-ilrechtaib, LU 9009 (FB). domrat ... rí na nuli i n-ilrechtaib, 1290 . ar a immat d'ilr[e]achtaib a téiged sí, Acall. 2402. bean bhroit úaine a n-ilreachduibh, IGT Decl. ex. 1587. ¤rechta ? : fiu a heire éara dá hilreachtaibh, DDána 83 § 1. ¤ríana many paths, many ways: a n-ifurnd na n-ilrīan, ACL iii 216 § 3. échta ┐ ilriana in ármhuighe sin, MR 318.30 . ilriana urbadacha eli ic fostad ... fhoirne dá n-ógbhadhaibh, 316.28 . many floods, many seas ? : atraachtatar a róin ... ┐ a chenandain ┐ i. in mara, CRR § 10. ¤rind many stars: firmiminti na n-i., SR 274. ¤rith manifold course ?, many courses ? : srethaib ilretha rétlann, SR 718. ¤rúna, ¤rún many mysteries, varied mystery ? : ri rooirdnistar mac Nún | Essu, co n-immud hilrún, SR 5006. d'aisneis ocus d'ḟiadhnughadh aignidh ocus illruine na n-oghbriathar, MR 92.1 . ¤ṡailm many psalms: it ilsailm hi tadbadar foisitiu a pecthae do duaid, Ml. 32b18 . ¤ṡésu a p. : sluindes ilsésu ┐ ilintliuchtu `that signifies many senses ...,' 37a10 . ¤ṡelb many possessions: ag nach fuil gradh ilṡelba, Imr. Brain 88.5 . ¤ṡenman : cosmulius tuib arataat ilsenman `many sounds,' Wb. 12c46 . ¤ṡétchi many wives: adellad ilsétchi `that frequent various mates,' Mon. Tall. 132.1 . ¤ṡlúaig many hosts : a p. inna ilslogu, Tur. 110a . is mortcend do ilslúagaib, LU 8958 (FB). ¤tegdaisi many dwellings: ... catrach ... ┐ iltegdaisi i medon indde, Hib. Min. 221. ¤tintudai many translations: ataat i. leu cene, Ml. 3a14 . ¤tíre many lands: for túathaib, for iltírib, SR 6620. ¤toimtin many meanings: de dliguth inna n-iltoimdden, Sg. 26b7 . ¤tóisigh : dorochratar i. rothréna di cechtar na dá ṡlóg, TTr.² 1120. ¤treba : etir iltrebu `between many tribes,' Ml. 37d10 . ¤túatha many peoples: for hinnilib na n-iltuath, SR 2346. fo hill-tuathaib in domain, PH 6452. na hilltuatha ┐ na hil-chinela, LB 122b39 . ¤uisci many waters: amal tondgur n-iluisce, SR 608.

With adjj. It has been found convenient to take together adjj. compounded with il- and those derived from compound nouns of which il- is the first element, e.g. ilchenélach, ilainglech, ilmíanach, as it is not always easy to distinguish between them. There seems to be a distinction in meaning. il-, in the true compounds, having for the most part merely intensive force, e.g. il-bind, il-chrúaid, il-gránda. With those adjj. which clearly derive from compound nouns no hyphen is used here. ¤adbal very vast: ō Muir Icht álaind iladhbail, ACL iii 231.21 . ilainglech surrounded by many angels: co ríg n-il-ainglech n-ūasal, Thes. ii 300.8 ( Hy. i ). ilarmach many-weaponed: ger'bo raith óc i., Acall. 2741. ¤bind of manifold sweetness: sluag ... i., ilchaem, ... co claiscedal aingel, YBL 163b17 . ¤blasta very sweet, very tasty: cruithnecht i., LB 139a52 . ¤bras very eager, very quick: a bil-[l]aburthach ilchlesach i., PH 8181. a il-geranach ... il-ceolach i., YBL 162a20 . ¤brecc much variegated, very spotted: inar do s[h]rōll ilbreac ingantach, ML² 1471. ba hi in nirmamint ilbrec, Cog. 178.19 . forsna sciathaib ilbrecca, LB 152b31 . na haquili ... ilbreca `the speckled eagles,' CCath. 4927. ua (= ba) hilbrecca illathach na moigi ... risna cethaib comgela cubair, TTebe 2340 . As subst. : díallait órdha co n-ilbrecaibh, Imr. Brain 68.21 . ¤brechtach much variegated: sciath oirderc ilbreachtach, TTebe 3576 . ¤brén very foul: slog mor dub dorcha i. ... do démnaib, PH 8101. hi tégdais ... tenntige il-brein, 8297 . ¤brethach of many judgments, critical: an fhlaith ríoghdha il-bhreithech, RC xliii 280.z . il-geranach imchosaitech i., PH 8180. ¤bruthach very fiery: slog ... i. ... do démnaib, 8102 . ¤búadach of many victories, having many outstanding qualities: a nda sciath ailli ilbuadhacha, CF 295. conaca in tiprait ... n-ilbúadaig `endowed with many virtues,' Ériu iv 100 § 34. clanna ilbuadacha na hErend, Cog. 52.2 . gluaisis mac Ruaidhrí an ruathair iolbhuadhaigh, Aithd. D. 4 § 3. As an epithet : Oscar ilbuadhach, CF 786. ¤chaem very beautiful, possessing many charms: sluag ... il-bind i., YBL 163b17 . ilchenélach of many races: na hAdam-clainni ilcenealaichi, Cog. 166.6 . ilchenélaigthe peopled with many races: clanna ... na hErend ilcenelaigthi, 52.2 . ilchennach many-headed: in pheist irdairc úathmar i., LU 2429. pesti ... ilchennacha, RC xxviii 318 § 36. ¤chéolach of many melodies ?, very melodious ? : fail coll n-écsi n-ilcheólach ` music-haunted ,' Metr. Dinds. iii 286.24 . i nÉirinn ilcheolaigh, Aithd. D. 4 § 5. ag éisteacht ré hoirfideadh il-cheólach, TSh. 10916. uttering many complaints ? : a ilgeranach ... ilceolach ilbras, YBL 162a20 . ilchéolta : in fhailti ilceolta `many melodied,' RC xxviii 322 § 49. ilcherdach skilled in many crafts, very skilful, skilfully made: ionann iomorro ioldánach is ilcheardach, Keat. iii 666. ón mhúr ḟoirbhthe ilcheardach, TD 16 § 40. ilchessach : glic an éigse ilcheasach `of many problems,' Dánfhocail § 66. ilchíallda of many meanings: focail i., Content. v 43. ilchlannach having many descendants, having many divisions: clann .i. fodhail, ut est ro clui aicme ilclannaigh (v.l. ilclannach) `a tribe of many subdivisions languished,' O'Dav. 350 (? read he overthrew a tribe ...). go hAdhamh ... n-ilchlannach, MR 98.9 . possessed of many qualities or qualifications ? : iar n-urd eolais ilclandaigh, Leb. Cert. 236.7 . is ferr aicni ilclannach as a mbuaidh bretha berdar .i. asa mberar in brethemnus co buadach, O'Curry 2276 (< Eg. 88, fo. 20c ) = aiccnedh i., O'Curry 1610 (< 23 Q 6, p. 5b ). ilchlessach of many feats, of many tricks: an fear fionn iolchlesach, TBC-LL¹ 5466 (Stowe). Aengus ilclessach, Acall. 2732. a bil-[l]aburthach il-chlesach il-bras, PH 8181. ag aimsighthibh ilchleasacha an aidhbhirseóra, TSh. 10489. ¤chlóen very wily ? : as subst. : co Sencha mac Coscra, co ilcloin, Ériu i 116 § 5. ¤chodach ? : i. airchetail, IT iii 105 § 208. ¤chonda very wolfish, very fierce: cāinḟāel i. `ein ... vielgrimmer Wolf,' Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 25 (a) . ¤chossáitech very quarrelsome, much given to complaining: a ilgeranach, ilchossaidech, YBL 162a19 . ¤chráibthech very pious: betha Fharannain iolcraibtigh, Anecd. iii 1.5 . ¤chréchtnaighthe having many wounds ?, very badly wounded ?: cuirp ... ilcrechtnaigthe, LB 207a16 . dofuit ... M. ilcrectnaigte la hAicil, BB 439a21 . ¤chrothach very shapely ?, of many shapes, of varied beauty ? : ba hingen cumachtach i. hi (of Caer Ibormeith who had power to change into a bird), Aisl. Óeng. 19.7 . i mmag n-Árach n-i., Metr. Dinds. iv 28.46 . na heoin ailli il-chrothacha, KMMisc. 316.15 . i [bh]feidhm eolais ilchrothaigh, Leb. Cert. 236.3 . A common epithet of Juno : Iunaind ilcrothach, TTebe 2621 . in t-anmann ilchrothach-side (of Juno transforming herself into many shapes of animals) `this many-formed animal,' Stair Erc. 87. in rigan og alaind i., 929 . ¤chrúaid very hard: iombualadh ... iolchrúaidh, Atlantis iv 212.y . ildánach very gifted, skilled, accomplished, having many gifts or accomplishments (frequently used as subst.) : is amlaid bái in Dond Cualgni dubdond diumsach...illanach, IT iii 245.77 . ioldanach .i. duine lan d'ealadhnaibh no d'ilcheardaibh, O'Cl. Of the heads of crafts appointed by the ollamhs at the Feis of Eamhain ┐ the Feis of Cruachan to preside over the industries of the country : do gairthí ioldánaigh dona saoithibh-se. Ionann ... ioldánach is ilcheardach, Keat. iii 664 - 6 . tráighfidh muir ... go hiongantach ioldánach, DDána 29 § 6. fear ... ioldanach i lLaidin, AFM v 1584.9 . ioldánach `a jack-of-all-trades ,' O'R. As sobriquet of Lugh Lámhfada (cf. Samildánach) : ó armmuib in Illdhánaigh, Anecd. i 31 § 49. Superl. amail is illdanaighe dofuaramar according to the most expert knowledge we could find, BB 38a9 . ildathach many-coloured: co n-étaigib ildathachaib, TBFr. 36. in tuaig nimi n-illdathaig, SR 2628. cóeca ingen [n-]illdathach `arrayed in many colours,' SCC 803 (= LU 3980 ). meirgi ard ill-dathach, ML² 1181. barr i. in talman, O'Mulc. 201. a hearr iol-dathach (of a peacock), TSh. 2352. Name of a mythical country , as ā, f. : techt in-Ildathig i.e. nomen regionis, Imr. Brain § 24. ildathaigthe many-coloured: meic ... Israeil na thErend illataigthi, Cog. 160.18 . ildelbach having many shapes, adorned with many figures; beautiful ? : Emne i. fri rían, Imr. Brain § 19. amal cach scrin n-ildelbaig, SR 4212. issind dluim chruind ildealbhach `in the round, multiform cloud,' Ériu ii 108 § 22. in maccamh óg ildealbach, Acall. 1680. lēine il-delbach ōr-s[h]náith, ML² 1690. treabh na n-earradh n-ildealbhach `with varied vestures,' TD 21 § 26. saorchorn óir ildealbhaigh `of variously wrought gold,' 31 § 7 . ildelbda many-shaped: hilerda na n-anman n-án | is na n-i. ndermár creatures of varied shape, SR 310. ildionnach many-hued ? : don mhoigh eangbhláith i. (: Teamhrach), TD 24 § 37. ildírech : beas ill-danach, bid ill-direach he will have many fines (of one to whom because his honour-price is high, large fines are due for injury suffered), Laws v 108.12 . Aurard ilgradhach ildanach ildirech, Anecd. ii 65.6 . ¤ecairthe much adorned, adorned in various ways: cathbarr ... d'or alaind ilecairthi, TTebe 3205 . ilḟaebrach armed with many weapons: don druing fhuiligh iolfhaobhruigh ` sharp-sworded ,' Aithd. D. 3 § 17. ilḟoclach containing many words: in gach aen ebert ilfoclaig, Auraic. 1558. ilgáirdeach agreeable, pleasing: ru-s-taispein ē fēin go supailceach ilghairdeach dōib, Fl. Earls 38.x . ba lūthghāireach ilgairdeach lasin rīg ..., 222.25 . ¤geránach : a il-geranach `[thou soul] full of complaints,' PH 8180. ilgessach possessing many powers or enchantments: an líg n-ilgheasaigh n-áluinn ` many-virtued ,' TD 22a § 41 . ilgnéthech of many kinds: ilghnétheach, iolradh, eugsamhla ` Divers ,' Eg. Gl. 416. ilgnímach skilled in the performance of many deeds: uair nirb óc, rop i., Metr. Dinds. iii 242.12 . ind Aige ḟíal i., ii 66.8 . ilgnúisech ? : firmarius (read formarius) .i. ilghnuiseach ` many faced ,' Auraic. 811. ilgonach many-wounding: ardcomrac aigmeil i., CF 666. ilgothach many-voiced: re haltrom én [n]-ilgothach, Ériu i 39 § 3. ¤grádach very distinguished: Aurard ilgradhach ildanach ildirech, Anecd. ii 65.6 . As an epithet : Eicsi il-gradhach inghen Dána, 50.16 . ¤gránda very hideous, very ugly: led dhoirr n-iolghránna n-aidhbhsigh, Content. xxii 19 n . ilgrésach adorned with much ornamental work: chóig imlenda āilli ilgrēsacha `variously wrought,' Fianaig. 58.22 . fā Bera uasail ilghrēsaigh of varied accomplishments, ML² 578. ¤imda very numerous, manifold: ciarsat ailimda a clanna, Cog. 52.1 . deacair foghnamh do thoil dá thighearna | foghnamh iliomdha soin ..., Studies 1932, 140 § 1 . ilmaínech very wealthy, possessing varied treasures: Uisnech álainn iolmhaoinech, ZCP viii 221 § 44. don árus fhairsing ... iol-mhaoineach, TSh. 2729. ¤míanach very covetous: ní bad rannaire duit fer i. `a man of many desires,' Tec. Corm. § 34.4 . ¤níamach very splendid, very bright: na n-edaighi n-ilniamach, Stair Erc. 224. ilphíastach abounding in monsters: ar muir úathmuir ilpíastaigh, Anecd. i 32 § 57. glend aigméil, ilpiastach, uathmar, BNnÉ 131.17 . i gcarcair il-phiastaigh ifrinn, TSh. 802. goibél úathmhar ilphíasdach, IGT Decl. ex. 933. ¤rathach abounding in grace: it riched ilrathach, Fél. Ep. 466. ¤rechtach many-formed ? ; very frenzied ? : is i. in tí 'sa tuarascbáil, MU² 635. is and so cétríastartha im Choin Culaind co nderna úathbásách n-i. n-ingantach ... de, LU 6443. do-rinne fuath n-i. n-anaithnid de, Comp. CC 102.17 . To a woman who had changed appearance : is ilreachtach sin, a bean, ol in mac, RC xxiv 200 § 15. i Ráith ilreachtaigh Eochuill, TD 40 § 21. ilríanach : san éigse il-rianaigh `in the mazy land of poesy,' Content. xxii 14. ¤ṡínach with much bad-weather: gamh ilṡíonach, gaethach ` changeable ,' AFM ii 1100.12 . ¤tairthech very productive, very fertile: morthír ... iltairthech, SR 4702. ¤tríathach very lordly, very princely: mac Edlicon iltríathaig (v.l. imtriathaich) `head of many chiefs,' Metr. Dinds. iii 276.6 .

n o, m. n s. ilach uallach, LU 3840. a s. ilach, O'Curry 1257 (< H 3.18, p. 508 ). Ériu ii 95 § 3. g s. ilaig (MS. inaig), Hail Brigit § 8. ilaid, O'Curry 1257 (< H 3.18, p. 508 ). d s. ilach, Metr. Dinds. iii 408.8 . a p. hilchu, Fél. March 9. Later sometimes ā, f.: n s. an ilach , IGT Decl. ex. 1189. a s. in ilaigh , BB 494b9 . ulaig, IT iii 512.1 . d s. fo ilaig (v.l. iolach), RC xiii 393.16 . But cf. a p. ilaige, SG 358.y .

(a) a cry of exultation, a shout of victory ; also the barking or howling of dogs: ilach gl. p[a]ean, Thes. ii 227.22 (Pcr.). i. ilactis (ὑλαχή) graece, latratio latine , Corm. Y 769. i.¤ ilactis graece, latratus latine, ar it cosmaile cuana ┐ choinhuala ┐ i.¤ , O'Mulc. 711. ní hi.¤ im soegond ... comruc friu, BDD² 1297. ro díchend Feradach hé ┐ ro lá a ulaig commaidmi, IT iii 512.1 . i.¤ iar mbuadugad, Laws v 358.5 . focerd i.¤ , i 244.6 Comm. gl. buacdtair a gnim i tuaith, 240. y . To utter this shout over a crime was to become an accessory after the fact and incurred penalties (Plummer MS. notes) : fir ilaid alid son sechtmad .i. sechtmad in coirpdire ar in fer dorinde in i.¤ mbuadaigthe ..., O'Curry 1257 (< H 3.18 , p. 508 ). ni curtar i.¤ na gair cocluiche, BCrólige § 61. dia túargaib fri hilchu | grían `to whom the sun arose with paeans,' Fél. March 9. na ralat demnae ilcha (v.ll. ilcho, ilchu), Ériu iii 102 § 29. gáir a ilaig (MS. inaig) īar cech mbūaid, Hail Brigit § 8. cid bindem lat rochúala ? ... i.¤ íar mbúaid, Tec. Corm. § 10.4 . i.¤ uallach uabrech ard, LU 3840. tucsat a rith robalc | in chonart dia n-i.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iii 408.8 . tuc Goll a i.¤ (v.l. osnadh) mīled ōs aird, ML² 1893. rola badbh béldearg biorach | iolach im cenn fFergaile, TFrag. 40.z . dogniad ilaige móra ann sin ac mórbuaid a crábaid, SG 38.28 . go ttuccsat ... gregha iomdha leó ┐ teacht go n-iolach ┐ go n-aithes for ccúla, AFM v 1288.6 . Of the wind's howling : ba-sa tan | nī folabrainn i.¤ gamh , Ériu ii 95 § 3. In the name of a metre : cro cumaisc ... inso acna filedaib, i.¤ Maelain Muaid ocna drúthaib, IT iii 81.z . By transference, victory ?, triumph ? : ro rathaighset fir Mhumhan cur bho iluch damhraidi moiri rous dith uili amhlaidh sut, RC xliii 50 § 50. mór an i.¤ an ḟóbairt, IGT Decl. ex. 1189. fríth i.¤ dó fo dered | i cath birach Blattened `bane befell him,' Arch. Hib. ii 83 § 14.

(b) a cry of delight, pleasure: Hiruath cona righain | lasort co lin i.¤ (.i. subai), Thr. Ir. Gl. 126.22 . i .i. subaidhe, Stowe Gl. 443. iolach .i. subhachas, no luthgháir, O'Cl. ? frisingair (leg. frisngair, Ed.) comad ard ilchu, Anecd. i 14.14 .

(c) a shout of lamentation: coro clantar mo lia ... ┐ coro ferthar mo hi.¤ adnaccuil, ZCP iii 3.6 . gol ┐ égem ┐ i.¤ , Trip.² 1670. ro gairseat in ilaigh ... oc gul ┐ o[c] cai, BB 494b9 .

? To this : torc ilaigh aill mara | in n-íathaibh iúil, IT iii 14 § 31 (v.l. tor ninglaig allmairi).

See ilchugud.

n o, m., a dead person: dirsan marban i mmí gamh , Corm. Y 673 = Bruchst. i § 96 . for colainn marbain, Trip. 222.4 . imradud in marbain thought of the dead man, LL 275a5 = Mór M. 265 § 6. v s. a marbáin chuili, RC xiii 389.22 . pl. marbhain na bliadhna-sa those who have died this year, TFrag. 60 = Bruchst. i § 96 . caoinfead marbhána inghine mo phobail (= interfectos), TSh. 5826. Cf. mairbne.

adj o, ā (1 sín) stormy: gamh ilshíonach, gaethach, ainbhthionach co ffolc ndearmhair, AFM ii 1100.12 .