(freq. act in O. Ir. glosses). See GOI § 908 . Later ach.

I As prep. with accus. (see Ériu xvii 79 , ZCP xxv 237 , Ériu lx 137-42 )

(a) save, except (lit. outside, Thurn.): cách act tiamthe `every one save Timothy', Wb. 23d5 . bacc de echaib a.¤ serrchu, Laws ii 118.9 . a.¤ cuit naige fine, iv 194.26 . roslechtsat do Patric a.¤ cóicḟir all except five bowed to P., Trip.² 1652 . fiche a.¤ sé bliadna i.e. 14 years, LL 15069 . ar di-legad síl Dubthaig Daīl ... acht claind Moathaire 'for [all] the descendants of Dubthach the Beetle were destroyed ... except for the kindred of Mothaire', Aided Echach 96 §4 (g) (h) . di-legath síl Dubthig Dōeltengath and act cethra conchuiriu, Aided Echach 94 § 1​ . achd ré n-aithrighe d'fhagháil save that there was time for repentance, DDána 64.9 .

(b) More freq. after neg. vb. as in: act aní ropridchussa dúib (nothing) save gl. nihil . . . sapietis, Wb. 20b4 . nand asse díchenglad cor mbél . . . inge (acht, MS) nóe curu it is not proper to dissolve contracts . . . except for nine contracts . . . Ériu xvii 66 §§ 4 , 5 .

(c) Hence in sense of Engl. only, merely , etc. (cf. Fr. ne . . . que): ar ni arilsem-ni act dígail for we have deserved only punishment, Wb. 20d14 . ni bí nach dethiden foir act fognam do día his only care is to serve God, 10b9 . ni gessid . . . act búaid precepte, 26a34 . nicon chloor act for caínscél, 23b41 . connaccon bet a.¤ degnimai less so that he may have only good works, Ml. 129a9 . ní rádat som a.¤ bréic ┐ togaís they speak only lies and deceit, 31a18 . in tan nád techtat a.¤ oin aimsir `when they have only one time', Sg. 5a10 . nī fūar a ssēt a.¤ Maire `I have found not her like save Mary', Thes. ii 349.4 (Hy. v). a.¤ fo thri nico rotroisci M. `that M. never fasted but thrice', Mon. Tall. 157.5 (§ 72) muna bed a.¤ don dornsann ní himtecar la suidaib, Laws iv 158.5 . nach ístais biad . . . a.¤ biad Conchobair, IT i 75.15 . conna-ruc a.¤ oīnchois ūaim, Sc.M² 12 . ni boi arm la Hiruath . ... a.¤ bocṡlaitt moir, PH 850 (a.¤ bocslat mor, v.l., ZCP xiv 147.7 ). na déantar lámh dhearg a.¤ dí let none but her be outlawed(?) Dán Dé ix 9 . nach fuil a.¤ talam ┐ luaith san cholainn daonna nothing but earth and ashes, TSh. 432 . gan a.¤ mac tíre 'na sesamh rena brollach only a wolf standing at her breast (instead of her own calf), BNnÉ 164 § 34 . Note also: dearna a láimhe a.¤ a lámh oile / clár do b'áilne snoidhe sain, DDána 32.22 , where a neg. is implied (see notes).

(d) With emphasising nammá, amáin: a.¤ comparit neutair nammá gl. non inuenitur nisi neutri generis, Sg. 41a8 . act seircc ndée tantum (= nammá) gl. non quaerit quae sua sunt, Wb. 12c2 . a.¤ nammá renders Lat. nisi forte, 9d21 , 12c32 . a.¤ éolas nammá, TBFr. 392 . ní thérna díb a.¤ oenchóicer namá, BDD² 1494 . teach . . . cen dorus . . . a.¤ seinistir ┐ forleas namá a house without any door but a window and skylight only, 81 . a.¤ dá angel amáin ní bátar and, LL 291a3 . ní bhí a.¤ an moladh amháin / ní don domhan a.¤ díoláimh `save praise alone', TD 31.8 . a.¤ trōcaire Dé amhāin, Fl. Earls 134.20 .

(e) So also with follg. mad (cf. acht má as conjunction infra): a.¤ mad a claind `unless it be her (own) children' (gl. docere autem mulieri non permitto), Wb. 28b13 . ni ruc . . . claind . . . a.¤ mad óeningin, IT i 130.14 . nád aithgainethar . . . a.¤ mad indred n-indligthech, Críth G. 564 . noco ria nech dib ar éc . . . a.¤ mad Essu ┐ Caleb, SR 4732 . a.¤ mad aenfer, Anecd. i 63 § 115 . indis dam firindi, riam nucha n-ebartais a.¤ mad guth ceart, Fen. 156.21 . ni bhíodh neach aga ghoire a.¤ madh na hoighe allaid `save only the deer', ZCP i 64 § 57 .

(f) Hence in adv. phrase a.¤ (mad) becc lit. except (but only) a little, hence almost: combo marb a.¤ bec until he was almost dead, LU 3290 ( SCC 8 ). a mboi de ór . . . oca a.¤ becc almost all the gold they had, PH 999 . fāsughudh C. . . . a.¤ becc `almost total devastation', RC xvii 384.23 (Tig.). corloiscit cella fer Midhi a.¤ mad becc, 389.7 .

II As conjunction

(a) In sense save only that, except that (folld. by nasalising rel. clause in O.Ir., see GOI § 503 ) (freq. with nammá): ro legsat canóin amal rundalégsam-ni a.¤ ronda-sáibset-som tantum `they have read the Scripture text as we have read it save only that they have perverted it', Ml. 24d24 . accobor la mmenmuin maid do imradud act nandléicci concupiscentia carnalis , Wb. 3d13 . Borg Emna ro tetha / a.¤ mairte a clocha `save that its stones remain', Fél. Prol. 194 . is bēlra dligthech concanat, a.¤ nat aithgnet cluasa dōine, Ériu ii 118 § 54 . a.¤ nach deachaidh tar muir Manann, riámh ní rosgabh rí ba fearr, Keat. ii 5755 . So also in the following (where rel. not marked): haue a.¤ ro noebad / do Dunlang `a grandson, save that he has been hallowed, of D.', Fél. April 11 . manid caindleóracht in tige as ail duit do chosnamh a.¤ namá bid mó bas loscud don tig oldás bas suillse don tegluch except that the house is more likely to catch fire than its inmates to get light, LU 9197 ( FB 92 ). conrotacht . . . a tech . . . fo chosmailius na Cráebrúadi . . . a.¤ nammá ro derscaigestar a tech so . . . do thigib inna hamsiri, 8046 ( FB 1 ). coro ṡollsigset in catraig na dluma derga . . . a.¤ ni loisctís nech nama without however burning anyone, LB 152b41 .

(b) With má, mani, cé (see Vendryes, Ériu xvi 21f. ). With má except if, unless: act ma chotchela gl. numquid Israhel non cognouit, Wb. 5a9 . act massu made in chretem rochretsid gl. nisi frustra credidistis, 13a34 . act mad melltach lassin fer `unless it be agreeable to the husband', 9d17 . act mad óentu dúib occa gl. ex consensu, 9d22 . tír Cannain . . . / nista . . . / a.¤ ma rannait . . . / for meic iar for n-adnacul unless your sons divide it SR 4735 . ní dligther fothud a thige do neoch . . . a.¤ ma ḟrisnasar a ḟlaith, Críth G. 79 . nocho chumcaid-si imchaisin Críst a.¤ ma blasti bás ar thús, Trip.² 1147 . ní talla a léni de a.¤ mad fria huaim `he may not take off his shirt except it be to stitch it', Ériu vii 140 . Note also: a.¤ má dothísad Arddrí secht nime dó ní reg-sa, Trip.² 1354 .

(c) With mani except if . . . not. So in some early exx., but later = a.¤ má or mani: a.¤ manidchomalnid a rropridchad dúib gl. nisi forte reprobi estis (you show that God is in you except you fulfil not what has been preached to you, Wb. 18b7 . ni ba messi dogena a.¤ manimléicther ind it is not I who will do it unless I am not allowed in i.e. provided I am not forbidden to enter, RC xxv 26.9 . noco mberthar uaimse ait na halma ass (leg. a.¤ Vendryes, loc. cit.) manip aúrderg limsa, LU 5029 (TBC) unless I do not consider them visible i.e. worthy of being seen (Vendryes). a.¤ minab edrud ┐ grian, `provided it be not between thee and the sun', Ériu viii 122.28 . In follg. exx. = a.¤ má, a.¤ mani: ni segar baithis acht menip dóig bes marb in gein unless the child seems likely to die, Ériu ii 208 § 32 . fotdáilfind i n-ilpartib . . . a.¤ manibad F. were it not for F. LU 5673 (TBC). ?is mesi . . . dliges a caurathmir a.¤ mani brister anfír form unless I am treated unfairly, LU 8986 ( FB 74 ). ni raga ass . . . a.¤ manit ainge ben unless a woman protect you, 3352 ( SCC 14 ). ní maith duit imthecht t'oenur a.¤ mani[d] dáil fir no thēig, Fing. R. 91 . acht mana maidi in talam found unless the ground breaks under us, TBC-I¹ 3577 = mono thaeth (muna maidhi, muna maoighthfe v.ll.), TBC-LL¹ 5975 . ni ra cotail C. risin re sin, a.¤ mani chotlad fithisin ṁbic . . . C. did not sleep during that time except for a little while, 2473 = a.¤ mad mani chotlad, LU 6338 . nach fer gentor a.¤ mona bentar a cend de unless his head is cut off, RC xii 88 § 99 . a.¤ mana bera lat in topur so `unless you take away this well', Lism. L. 4669 . a.¤ muna faghbam ní dar cobair orra sin ní bia duine a mbethaid unless we can find something to protect us from them there will not be a person alive, Acall. 6174 . ní dénann urchóitt do neach acht mona derna nech urcóit di, Maund. 33 . nad ḟetar-sa . . . act manip íat in Galían, CRR 11 . a.¤ munab í M. th' iarraidh, Eachtra Uill. 4300 .

(d) With cia even though, even if: act ci nip lour `even though it be not sufficient', Wb. 11d15 . nach facamur riamh roimhi, / a.¤ gér cian ar comnoide though long has been our sojourn, Ériu iv 114.32 . tu easbal dob annsa leis /. . ./ a.¤ ger ionmhuin gach easbal, Dán Dé i 9 . ba menmarc leis co mberadh buaidh a.¤ ge bhadar ced fan fer `he wished to defeat them even though they were a hundred to one', Stair Erc. 1471 . acht gidh mór do maith doronuis co ró-so, ZCP vi 67.8 . for imegla a bhāssaigthe a.¤ ge ro baoi i n-a Pāpa, Fl. Earls 206.20 . a.¤ gér laoch mear even though he was a swift warrior, LBranach 7210 . Samson, a.¤ gér chalma a neart, Éigse iv 188.71 .

(e) In conditional sense if only, provided that (folld. in O. Ir. by perfective subj. except where an impossible condition is implied, see GOI § 904 ): bíth and beos acht ropo i tuil dée `let him still abide therein provided it be in God's will', Wb. 10a25 . act ní arbarat biuth inna túari provided they eat not the foods, 10c1 . bid maith mo menmese act rocloor for cáinscéilsi `my mind will be glad provided I hear good news of you', 23d2 . atá comeisseírge act rocretem oipred dæ, 27a15 . ni imned lim act rop Crist pridches, 23b24 . buí cara damsa isin tírsea . . . a.¤ rofeasmais conair dá thig if only we knew the way to his house, BDD² 262 . a.¤ rop coir ní gellas, Críth G. 505 . a.¤ ropom airdric-se (ropa airdercsa LU), maith lim cen co bend buan acht oenlaa, TBC-I¹ 571 . ata lasna tuati beith lór dóib do ascnam nime acht doratat ní dona hanmchairtib (sic leg.) `the lay folk deem it enough to win a place in heaven if only they have given something to their confessors', Mon. Tall. 141.16 (§ 35) . doémat na trī sailm-sea . . . acht rogabthar gach dīa, ZCP iii 30.23 . With non-perfective vb.: a.¤ ni bed úall and `if only there were no pride in it', Wb. 10b27 . nico mórbrig laisim and a.¤ ní cometestar dond accobar `he counts it no great matter provided there be no yielding to desire', Mon. Tall. 152.7 (§ 63) . a.¤ com-messind-se mo maccu nī diṅgentais do chride chrád if only I were able to control my sons, Fing. R. 498 . Note also: noco nindligthech do gin co tuca abad acht techtugad do breith `provided that he has brought the means of taking possession', Laws iv 4.15 .

(f) Similarly with follg. co n-: ríge láech nErend . . . dait . . . a.¤ co nderna mo chomarlisea provided thou do, LU 8114 ( FB 8 ). a.¤ cor damthar fír fer dam ol sé atbér, 9213 (94) . a.¤ co rabat glinni mo diṅgbála ria provided there are sureties to satisfy me, MU² 64 . a.¤ co nde[r]nat maith / flaith uaidib co bráth, Trip.² 1798 . cretfemit do Christ a.¤ co ro-fhindamm a nert, PH 345 . nis-fil do plāig . . . for bith nachus-bera sin for cūlu, a.¤ corup léir guidter Dia occai, RC xii 430 § 21 . With non-perfective vb.: asbert . . . nod lemad a mbrethugud a.¤ co ndaimtis nammá fora breith, LU 9012 ( FB 76 ). dá fessed a.¤ combad fer ulcach nod ngonad no mairfedsom he ind (mixed constr.) 6110 (TBC). cuma a dteasda uan dom aois / gan suan feasda a.¤ go bhféadmaois, Dán Dé xvii 5 . a cōir féine a.¤ go bhfagha / ni dóigh Éire i n-aontamha, TD 24.1 . Hence as soon as: act arroilgither ind epistilse dúibsi berthir úaib Laudocensibus gl. et cum lecta fuerit apud vos aepistola [haec] facite ut et in L. aeclesia legatur, Wb. 27d13 . aiggelat sa hé a.¤ co roisc int oirned as soon as the ordination is ended, RC xlii 134 § 9 . acht co ndernair hoc rechtair romhat dochum an prainntighe, RC xxvi 374.1 . With non-perfective vb.: ragat a.¤ co fiasur in n-airm atá I will go as soon as I know where he is, LU 3373 ( SCC 17 ). bérthar cainnli duit acht co tumthar, Lism. L. 1996 .

(g) In adversative sense but: énirt a cocubussom . . . act nosnerta in sonirt, Wb. 10c3 . coir irnigde tra inso act ní chumcamni, 4a27 . robatar leosom eter desciplu . . . act dorigénsat in descipuil dechor etarru, 7d10 . cenél Maicc Ercae as tressam . . . a.¤ nochon follamnaiget amal ardrígu, Trip.² 1064 . lánsíth i nHérinn . . . a.¤ buí imneissi chatha iter dá Chorpre, BDD² 230 .

(h) Often introducing a positive clause oppd. to a preceding neg. one or vice versa: ni imdibe dualche . . . act is imdibe colno, Wb. 21b11 . conibé eter in peccato act co beid in pænitentia , 9b2 . ní bo ar seirc móidme act conrobad torbe dúibsi triit, 17a13 . ní dron act is diuit et is glé, 17b4 . ni ar Abracham . . . a.¤ is diar foirbthetuni, 2d2 . ni delb ad-rorsat act is cosmulius delbe, 1b19 . ba torad saithir dúun . . . act ní bad nertad na mbraithre, 10c21 . is hé láech is áildem . . . a.¤ níba s[h]uthain, TBFr. 5 . ni hainfis a.¤ día necar doniam indnos it is not in ignorance, but to set them forth that we proceed in this way, Mon. Tall. 154.27 (§ 66) . co rrabe . . . cen dig cen biad, a.¤ 'co immorchor ón taíb co araile, Sc.M² 3 . In sense at all events, however: mór di ḟertaib . . . doróne . . . acht aisnédfimne úaiti do ilib díb, Trip.² 110 . nī himda persa . . . is fessach crēd . . . in bāss geipit, acht nī thernoighit tar aiss amach go bráth, Fl. Earls 70.31 . Note also: munup do saighe selbha a.¤ for ecin `unless he seizes land by force only', Laws iv 26.16 Comm. nídnanaid a crothad nach a flescad a.¤ a nidi `it is no protection to shake or beat it, but only to wash it', Mon. Tall. 155.2 (67) . ná dearbh as a.¤ go hairech, Content. vi 27 .

(i) On cases where the prec. neg. sentence contains a word meaning only: ni hed a méit nonchretidsi act fodaimid fochidi airi `not only do ye believe it but ye endure sufferings therefor', Wb. 23c7 . nípat hé . . . nammá beite isind inducbáil sin a.¤ bieit cit geinti, 4c40 . nirbo chuit eperte tantum act robatar cid ferte dia imthrenugud, 24c5 . ni namá na duile aicside do chumscugud . . . a.¤ ro-chumscaigit gráda nime, PH 152 .

(j) In the idiom a.¤ ní . . . ní not only not . . . but not (cf. sech): a.¤ ní ructaisseom airesom ní rucadsom foraibsom not only could they not get away from him but he could not catch up with them, BDD² 300 and note. a.¤ nis leicim nis étaim, TBC-LL¹ 2334 (= sech LU). a.¤ ni trebad ni coimge, Metr. Dinds. iv 332.36 . a.¤ ni gonab-sa ni gonfa-sa mo moindter-sa, Ériu v 32.23 . a.¤ ní mó a cách ní lugu `not only is it not increasing but it is not less', Otia ii 81.2 . In positive constr.: acht ba dimdach ba debthach, SR 5688 . atbert in drui: a.¤ saerfaithir do mathair doberthar duit na bú as well as freeing your mother the cows will be given to you, IT i 40.x . Note also: a.¤ ní buaid a denam imbáruch is mó is dimbúaid a denam innocht, TBC-LL¹ 1866 .

(k) With cia: cindas rainnfither in mucc . . . cīa indas . . . a.¤ a-rann ar chomramaib in what other way, Sc.M² § 6 . cid, ol si, acht maillechut-sa tú co sír, PH 8262 . Introducing a phrase: cid fil ann didiu (sic leg.) a.¤ amal itcualae, PH 834 . cid fil ann immorro acht ni dechaidh aonnech ina ndocum, Stair Erc. 449 . Note also: aní ná roich lám, cid a.¤, / is écen dam a dúthracht, LU 3935 (`yet' SCC § 44 ).

(l) As quasi-conjunction in idioms with cen (gan): gan é a.¤ i naois ōiglenaib `seeing he was but of young child's age', O'Gr. Cat. 381.13 . gan lios . . . a.¤ lán do dhoire dharach, TD 28.7 . gan duine a.¤ ag dol ar séad, Dán Dé ix 34 . gan duine . . . do dol faoi . . . acht le custam do dhīol `that no one should go under it without paying custom', Fl. Earls 90.4 . brugh. loch. Lugh inand ghabhaid a.¤ gan illradh ag Lugh, IGT Decl. p. 81 § 29 . Note also: ní fuil mac Gaoidhil ná Goill / a.¤ lán dá éanghrádh uile, TD 17.57 . ní bhí leó a urdail a.¤ d'ór /. . ./ cinn a bhfagha suaine a sleagh / nó truaille tana dtroigheadh `they have not so much as the heads of their javelins . . . but is gold', 9.29 .

In introductory phrases: a.¤ chena is alaind cech nderg, LU 3914 ( SCC 43 ). gabhuis Columcille in salm . . . acht cena ni rolegh-som acht aibghiter namá cosin, Lism. L. 823 . a.¤ nammá atáa mí nád n-imthet rí a.¤ cethrur however there is a month when a king goes about accompanied by four only, Críth G. 535 . acht atá ní chena, bar F., is fiach fola ┐ feola dó-som é, TBC-LL¹ 2989 . See also cena. cid (trá) a.¤, cid fil and (trá) a.¤ etc., see trá II(b). a.¤ (mad) énní however, nevertheless, at all events: achtmadh enní, do marbhadh ceithre fir décc [dibh], AFM v 1328.4 . acht aenni, do bitis debtha dermara eturro, Ann. Conn. 1315.4 . acht aen ni . . . bemitt ar aenconair, 1315.8 .

III As subst. ise cuit in achta ann this is the function of the word `acht' in that passage, O'D. 745 (H 3.17 col. 541) (possibly to be referred to 2 acht).

(d s. of 2 áe?). In phrase ar aí, and with demonstr. ar aí sin, araide (resolved by Zimmer, KZ xxx 5 ff. , as: ar a aí sin (the possessive is written only in late exx.), ar a aí side. Cf. ar apa, ar apaide s.v. 1 apa). Note the alliteration in: ba rogarb araí in robud, Metr. Dinds. iv 250.63 .

I As prep. phrase folld. by gen. or by verbal clause.

(a) on account of, because of: arái na feli Caindich `on account of Caindech's feast-day', Mon. Tall. 135.8 . enech cóicid do brith . . . araí óenḟir, LU 9209 ( FB 94 ). cíarbo dú dogra don tír / ar ái in ríg-sin sech cach ríg?, Metr. Dinds. iii 200.6 . ar aoi dioghla m'amghaire because I had avenged the ill-treatment I had received, Duan. F. i 86.26 . ar aoi an éinpheacaidh, DDána 20.12 . ar aoi clóghuine an Choimdheadh, 46.15 . ger bhó hoirdearc Sean mac cuinn . . . ar aoí a ccoccadh friSaxoibh , AFM v 1748.5 . madh ar máise (: báise) for my sake, ACL iii 295 § 16 . ronnassa secht qumala for in mbantrebtaich . . . ar ae tect il-lu[b]gort Gūaire, 1.11 . araí beith can bíad oentráth, RC vii 300.168 . ni haire ro-raid in t-aingel so ar-ái co mad i nGalilee toisech atcifitís a apstail Ísu `on account of its being in G. first that the apostles would see Jesus', PH 3416 . ar aoi a héiginsi d'fhurtacht, `for helping her necessity', Studies 1921, 75 § 18 . ar aoi ar fhuluing ar ar son on account of what he suffered for our sake, Desid. 6256 . araoi sin cuirit . . . for that reason, Fl. Earls 120.13 . co nar bo h-áil dóibh dol i n-imcheine on mbaile ar a aoídhi, AFM vi 2212.9 .

(b) as regards, in the matter of: is adbur rig arái delbha, Sc.M² § 14R . ni frith díb oenfer foleith / folilsad arái ṅgaisc[e]id, SR 5776 . a Capadóic dó ar-ái chineoil, PH 1124 . ni dlegad som arai dleastanuis sin `as regards legal right they are not entitled thereto', RC xxiv 186.20 . gidh im bhocht ar áoi mbiorair though I am poor as regards watercress, BS 86.14 (§ 43) . Aodh ba sóamh díobh ar aoí n-aoisi gion gurbhó hé ar aoí n-oirbertais, AFM vi 1916.7 . cidh daíne ar ai fhuatha is [anm]anna indligthecha ar aí n-ecna `for though men in form they are brutish beasts in intelligence', Stair Erc. 1311 . In dates: i n-oct kalaind Mái ar-ái lathi mís greni in the matter of the day of the month, PH 1106 . for-ái lathi mís grene,—inand ón ┐ ar-ái lathi sechtmaine is-in bliadain hi-tám, 6920 .

(c) for the sake of, for: ar ái oenḟer (n-aoinfir, v.l.) d'imchomét, TBC-LL¹ 1674 .

II As adv. with adversative force nevertheless, however: nad biu-sa resna sluagaib ní ba siriu, bar F. . . . dessid F. riasna sluagaib arái, TBC-LL¹ 496 . ┐ arai fessa dam mo thustidi féin nevertheless let me know (who were) my own parents, LU 1682 . ranic tra co ham tuismeda di ┐ arai nir scuir dind fhognam, RC xxiv 190.11 . tugad dise hé . . . ┐ aráoi ni móite fuair-siom sláinte, TTebe 807 . arai som dano dofocrait cath for Eochaid in spite of that, LL 14402 . tangatar . . . ina aghaidh, ar a aoi ni ró chumhaingset ní dhó, AFM iii 88.11 . bátar acc folmaise a bfobartha . . . ara aoí ní dheirgensat `but, however they did not do so', vi 1884.14 . arái sin ní théit immach, TBC-LL¹ 198 . arái sein barroega F., 4413 . ar-aí sin ra érig Crom D., MU² 504 . arai sin tra roshantaigh imon comairli . . . do dhenum, Aen. 779 . fairend . . . dogníat trócaire . . . ┐ biit araíde i llaxai, LU 2195 ( FA 27 ). ro chuindig ceat a athar ┐ ni tharut dí. Araide dochuaid si cen chetugud dó, IT i 40.8 . araide batar sonairte seom, 74.19 . robæ dano comēt leisseom ar inn ingin. ┐ araide rostoirrchestar quidam vir nobilis , Rawl. 147a44 . adlesc-som aráide do dhul i ndíthrub, PH 4743 .

Note also (as conj.): araíde nocha herbartha-su, lest you say, Alex. 828 = araba, Anecd. v 2.9 . See also Bard. Synt. Tr. 17.27ff.

n [ā, f.] (see Vendr. Lex.) milch cow: inand . . . sé aidecha na crithi gablaighi ┐ se buar na cána fuithirbi, O'D. 969 ( H 3.17, c. 679b ). nach tecar ón aidig gan a beith ina lolgich, ib. buachaillí aoidech cowherds, O'Gr. Cat. 121.36 . aidech .i. cumal nó fiach slān do lāimh rathe .i. aidech sies teora aidecha ina baos ban-apad, O'Mulc. 102 . aideach .i. loilgeach, Lec. Gl. 354 . aideach no aoideach .i. lolgach no bó bhainne, O'Cl.

n io, n. Later f. airrdhe f., usu. -ena in pl. airrdheana sighni (ó enchéill), IGT Decl. § 180 . See Vendr. Lex.

(a) sign, token: a.¤ síde, Wb. 24b28 . a.¤ cáinchumricc `a sign of benevolence', 7b4 . a.¤ néelutha máma, 11c11 . dogéna sáibfirtu et sáiba.¤ , 26a20 . a.¤ .i. egcosc, Lec. Gl. 249 . Patraic cen a.¤ nuabair, Thes. ii 321.2 (Hy. ii). is a.¤ sīda pax , Corm. Y 1057 = is airidhe sída in phóc, Thr. Ir. Gl. 36 . noda sénsat . . . ó airdiu croiche Crist, LU 1765 . oc fegadh . . . na [ha]irrdi (nairrdhi MS.) aduathmaire sin, Aen. 72 . airgena bróin, ZCP xiii 204.5 . airrdhe na críne, vi 268.15 . d'airdhibh uilc, TD 7.11 . gach dúil ag aithne th'airdheadh, 21.41 . ni ro taisbeinsiot nach nairrdhe nuireccla idir, AFM vi 2072.2 . d'airghibh th' annsachta, Desid. 81 . ro caithset . . . co fraocha fír-nemnech . . . na h-airdheana co coitcenn re ceili, co nár fagaibsit sgiath gan sgailedh, etc. i.e. exchanged the usual signs of war(?), Celt. Rev. iv 120.12 . it e a n-airdi these are their signs (of the ogham letters), Auraic. 947 . airdheanna Inse Éireann `the Wonders of Eire', Content. vi 164 . nár mhaoidhte do R. . . . cách dá airdheanaibh d'adhradh `follow his standard', TD 20.6 . In prep. phrase i n-a.¤ : gaba(i)s a gruaide i nnairide a anacuil `as a token of (asking) quarter from him', Ériu xvi 38 § 5 . a n-airginaib broide ┐ gabala, ZCP vi 281.23 . Special sign, portent. Of the last day: ticfait a.¤ inganta, SR 8129 . nidat airdi aniussa, 8055 . fri hairrdhibh laoi bratha, AFM i 370.16 . bid hé airdi d'assliṅge, TFerbe 146 . in tan nalád in nellaib / ba hág ar na hairdenaib `constellations', Metr. Dinds. iii 428.34 . do réir fhoistine ┐ airrdhean, AFM v 1448.11 . dia ra-iarfaig C.:— ciata a.¤ iṅgantacha so?, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 10 § 13 . airdhe niongnadh do thochar an bhliadhainsi .i. di gréin d'faicsin for a rith i maille i noen ló, AFM ii 574.13 . na mor airrde inganta dorónta miracles , PH 3712 . Sign, symptom: ba trúag airdena gona don rígmilid. Rogabsat a chossa crithnugud . . ., LL 244a48 ( TTr. 2052 ). airrdena . . . techid, MR 232.17 . ro fiarfaig cinnus ro boi isin lucc sin nō cred rop airgena do in fott boi samlaid, Grail 3825 . bat imda a n-airlig / is léir for a n-airdhibh, ZCP viii 110 § 1 . In phrase airdena éca (báis) signs of death: ó'dchondairc airrdena éca do thuideacht chuice, Ériu iv 158 § 35 . airdena báis ┐ éca ┐ aideda, TBC-LL¹ 1237 . iar dteacht d' airgheanaibh báis i ndáil an ríogh, Keat. ii 5407 .

(b) characteristic, quality: cúic airdena déc degmná: ciall, cóime . . ., ZCP viii 118.18 . inand d' airrgenaib iad sin alike in qualities, ii 350.30 . tré na h-airdheanaibh .i. a chalmacht, etc., Hy Maine 139.8 . doigh ro chlaochlaisiot a n-airrdhe ┐ a n-aigenta `their characteristics and dispositions', AFM vi 2298 . 16 . airrdena na n-athardha d'aithreis `attributes', MR 150.12 . gnáth cédairde gach meic mhir / ag reic édaingne a aignid, O'Gr. Cat. 458.32 . lucht an dhíomuis ┐ na ndroch airghean, Eochairsg. 69.12 . is d'airdheanaibh an reithe it is one of the characteristics of the ram, TSh. 3571 . tucus grad d'airrdenuib Uilliam good qualities, O'Gr. Cat. 338.34 . acca accallamh . . . ┐ occa increachadh do thaisccéladh for a airdhibh `that they might explore his natural endowments', AFM v 1864.5 .

Compd. ¤-gnúsigud signification: ithé sidi nad techtat in na. cechtar de gl. quae neutram habent significationem, Sg. 77a6 .

n (1 lann) Orig. o, later ā, f. urlann, orlann, erlann f., IGT Decl. § 12 . (a) end, butt-end, handle (of a weapon): an baile a negarthar a hadharc fuirre a fochair .i. a hurlann (of a spear), Laws iv 226.10 . Cf. aurlond . . . ainm d'oreill gae .i. ind adarc dub bis mon gai, Auraic. 1621 . ga . . . dá dorn .x. etar a hiarann ┐ a fochair .i. a hurlann, O'Dav. 495 . ro díbairg in ṅgai dó 's a urlond reme butt first, LL 13969 . tummis G. irlund a gai issin n-abaind, LU 1747 . tumais a herluinn, Ériu ix 178 § 13 . cresaigthi . . . in lagin . . . ┐ benaid a hurlond fria a bais, BDD² 1234 . da gae for cach óen crand leo gae for rend ┐ gae for erlond co mbad chumma dagontais do rennaib ┐ do erlonnaib, TBC-LL¹ 4531 . béim d'erlaind in rogaí, MU² 727 . sleg . . . co fethan óir impi o irlond co cró, LU 10665 . crann a c[h]raísighi o hurlainn co a h-innsma, ML² 919 . la tabairt a[i]rlaindi a tsligi for C. `fair t'irlaind dīm', Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 38 § 7 . sleagh . . . an n-uair teilgtear a ndeōigh a hurluinne, Feis Tighe Chonáin 464 . cindus do-béra mé in tsleigh duit . . . in é a gráin do-béra mé roimpe nó an é a hurrlann?, Comp. CC 99 § 31 . maidhm na nUrland . . . for Gallu, RC xvii 364.12 ( = na nErland, AFM ii 808.6 ). éirghi ard ar earluinn ráimhe / balg ar dhearnuinn láimhe láoich, IGT Decl. ex. 591 . point, tip of a staff: teit erlund na bachla triana chois, Trip. 468.26 . do bered in file aurland . . . fors in cend ┐ ro finnad a ainm, Laws i 44.6 Comm. (a form of divination). Cf. tabraid cend na flesci filed fair, Corm. Y 323 . Of the rudder of a ship: intan tra documlaiset ┐ docorustar a lūi nō urland (aurlunn v.l.) fri tīr, Corm. Y 1059 ( Anecd. iv 91.9 ). Fig. cona nurlaind techta, Laws v 438.24 .i. . . . cach grad da daim coir maraen ris, 440.8 Comm. = o a urluth techta .i. dam bas coir inna theg, O'Curry 862 ( H 3.18, 389 ab) `? a persons' retinue or attendance', Plummer MS. notes. co haurlaind a dithma end, completion(?), Laws i 102.8 = co n-aurlund, v 404.22 . Compd.: d'ordaibh . . . urlainnleathna, TSh. 1980 `with broad handles', Gloss.

(b) (? air- + slond) marker (of gender) Sages, Saints and Storytellers 1-3 . In Auraic. of the pronouns é, í, ed (and their Latin equivalent hic, haec, hoc) used to determine the gender of following nouns (cf. also the various applications of 3 a.): aurlond . . . ainm d'oreill gae . . . is di arsisidar in gai, imtha is amlaid arsisidar in indsce don trediu-sa .i. ise isi ised: no dona deich n-urlandaib-sea etc., Auraic. 1621 ff. tri herlonda indsge .i. tri remsloind . . . .i. is se, is si, is edh, 3120 . masgal ┐ feimin ┐ nemutur lasin Laitneoir . . . nus-deochrend a tri herlanna innsge, id est hic, hec, hoc , 3026 = a tri urluimi, 524 . urland ria n-urland ┐ urland iar n-urland ┐ urland inand iter da urland nach it inanda. Urland rie n-urland quidem, iní rie se no rie sí no re séudh. Erland ier n-urland .i. in se no in si no in sedh. Urland inand iter da urlaind nach it inanda .i. in se inand fil in gach focul, ni herlond is achd (leg. achd is) reimtsuidugud: no is fri se no fri sedh. i.e. the a.¤ before an a.¤ is the noun preceding sí, sé or sed; an a.¤ after an a.¤ is the word sí, sé, or sed; an identical a.¤ between two a.¤'s which are not identical is the sé which is the same for every word, whether it be for sé or sed, for `is sed' is not an a.¤ but an `anteposition' ( ni erlond is sed, 593 (i.e. does not indicate gender?), 3114 - 3120 ). cuin is urland, cuin is indsge? . . . Is he [isi issedh: indsci emh intan itberor] nama gan araill imaille fris. Urlond eim antan dobeire fria araill, ut est is he in feur (isé, isí, ised are innsce (gender) when used absolutely but each of these is an airland when it serves to indicate or point out a follg. subst. e.g. isé in fer, isí in ben?), 3103 . Also applied to gender forms of numerals: aurlunna ilair mascul ┐ femen in so sis: se, da, thri, cet[h]ri: si, di, teora, cetheora, 1714 , cf. 1623 ff. See 3 airlann.

v (cf. 1 airle)

(a) advises, counsels: is he nodairlestar ar a gais it was he gave advice on account of his wisdom, Ériu iii 140.158 (= conid he roscobair tria gaes, Cymmr. xiv 116 § 17 ). dilmuin do boethuib nad nairliut gaith fools whom the wise do not advise are exempt, Laws ii 82.7 = na nairliter, O'Curry 684 (H. 3.18 p. 333). Cf. airlethfimne na hóga .i. do ghéunam leathnughadh no comhairliughadh ar na laochaibh, O'Cl. (airle). With prep. DO: is and airlestar Eithne . . . dia haitib dul doib . . . advised her fosterers, Ériu iii 140.156 (= dobreth E. iarsin comairle dia meithre, Cymmr. xiv 116 § 17 ). ? táet Lugaid chuci or Ailill ┐ ara n-airlathar dó in n-ingin and let him advise him [to accept] the girl(?), LU 5864 = taet L. chuci or siat, ┐ aranarlathar, ZCP ix 154.22 (see ad-gládathar).

(b) consults, asks advice of: airliter cumni cóich comarbai cré, LU 3474 ( SCC² § 25 `let memories be consulted to learn to which heir the land belongs'). collaa dún . . . issa ndúnad co n-airlither (.i. co n-iarfaigea) Lugaid mac Nóiss, 5991 ( TBC-I¹ 1523 ). is imbe rotairles sech na ridiribh eile, Grail 2846 . deliberates, considers: mani airlestar, TBC-I¹ 74 (`if heed is not taken of him', Faraday 5 ).

(c) takes a resolution, resolves, determines: roairlesatar Connachta . . . techtaireda ūaidib, TBC-I¹ 3098 . ? In cheville: arnamāirech doibh / for muir miadh (= mad?) airleth (: bairgedh), ZCP x 344 § 12 . tiucfa la Flann Cinach / a coimpert madh airledh (: bairgen) well has it been decided(?), § 21 . ro-airliset īerom Connachtae i comairle cid di-gēndais 'the Connachtmen then decided in council what they should do', BDC 122.282 .

(d) looks after, sees to: arndip maith nairlethar a muintir `that he care well for his household', Wb. 28b32 . nipa díless duit an í hi tái mani cáinairlither gl. si permanseris in bonitate, 5b38 . Note also: airlethar no móras gl. sed quem Dominus commendat, 17b22 (wrong interpretation of commendat?).

(e) arranges, regulates: arlifimni na hócu chena conná gébat forsin tslóg (of the Galióin), LU 4648 ( TBC-I¹ 187 ). ? dia ard airlathar / aingel indrechta, 1156 (ACC). is and ro airled ri ┐ aithech here (i.e. in the Senchas Mór) was fixed (the difference between) king and serf, ZCP xvi 175 § 2 ( Laws i 40 ). is and ro-airled dire cáich fo miad, § 3 (ib.). is i Senchas Mor ro-airletha na cetheora cána, 176 § 6 . it teora eirce airliter, Laws iii 26.17 .i. erluaidhter na teora eirce, 25 Comm. slicht eitgedh airligter, 536.3 .i. eraluaiter aisneis na eirci, z Comm. ? ni ragaid mani deib cumachtachaib / arlidir crib coternam, LL 1620 = manab dib cumachta clanntar / crib airlither cat .i. munab cumachtach sibh ar erluadh no ar urfoichill catha do cor co crib no . . . biodh urfoichill chatha co luath libh, Leb. Gab.(i) 254.7 = ni raghadh muna deibh clandtar cirb airligther cath, BB 40a54 . prescribes, decrees: bailechro a n-ifernd ro-n-airlestar Dia fri pianadh na pecdhach `which God has designed', Ériu ii 132 § 108 . nad inand airlither Dīa do gach dāen, Anecd. v 23.2 .

Note also: conidnarlaid (.i. co roairlestar) síth iar sáeth, Thes. ii 332.17 .

n cia no benta a lam otha gualaind do duine is inand do ┐ ro benta de hi ac asdell ` elbow ', Laws iii 350.19 Comm. Cf. astal?

n [io, m.] (büe, orig. cow-less, worth no cows Ériu xlii 41-42 ) non-native , person from outside the túath, one without possessions, without legal connections: ni aile maithre cuit i maccaib acht mac con glais no mac ambui .i. ín deorad i.e. the mother-kin has no share in the sons except for the son of a foreigner from across the sea and the son of an immigrant from another territory, Ir. Recht 31 § 33 . slan n-erca tar cend ambui, Laws v 178.8 .i. tar cenn in ambunad, in deora, 182.4 Comm. .i. in deoraid, inand ┐ in murcurthi romuind, 184.21 Comm. raith ar ambui a n-echtair, 224.3 , 228.3 .i. tar cenn in ambunadaigh a n-echtair amuigh, 226.4 Comm. athgabail ambui anechtair, 260.20 . ambue: bue .i. dagfear, ambue .i. drochfear, O'Curry 839 (H 3.18, 383a). dona tri amb[u]aib ar a tarud eiric . . . ┐ ambui anechtair .i. daor-fuidir indsin, Laws v 185 n. ambūe .i. nembunadach: būe .i. bunadach, Corm. Y 66 . būe .i. bunad, ut est ambue .i. ambunad, ut est ambúe faccaib fri laimh righ, O'Dav. 274 . rath ambue, 683 . ambui tuaithe, 1372 . Perh. as dental stem in: cuir na nurfocraidh ┐ na [n-a]mboth, Laws ii 218.12. Comm. But cf. uair ro fitir urfocra ina mbuide .i. cibé dona trí hambaib ara tarud éric . . . .i. fer focarthur cura ┐ ambuí anechtair, O'D. 1170 (H 2.15, 44(68)b) = forfocradh ina mboidhe, 1173 = Laws v 185 cited above. In n. pr. Brig Ambui banugdur fer nErend, Laws i 22.11 . bretha Brige Ambue, 18.27 .

adj also anscuithe (scuithe) immoveable, unchangeable: caire ainsic .i. . . . nō anscuithe .i. neamscuithe .i. gan toichned dogrēs, Corm. Y 361 . anscuiche .i. cona scuichither dia gablaib, Laws i 48.16 Comm. in gach brudin . . . coire ansguith[e], RC xxi 397.1 . ail a.¤ lit. immoveable rock i.e. established point: for-toing ail anscuichte lais .i. f. airdi no aimseir . . . no laid no litteir . . . it hé mairb in sin for-tongat for biu, ni fortongar cenaib an immoveable rock testifies along with him i.e. a sign or time . . . or a lay or letter . . ., those are the dead that testify against the living, without them there is no over-ruling testimony, ZCP xv 361 § 46 ; xvi 228 . feitheam for-toing fir fri hailche andscuithe, O'Curry 1890 ( 23 P 3, 22 ). tri ailge anscuichthi, ZCP xii 363.35 . ni ruc C. breth riam cen teora ailig anscui[ch]thi breth occa, CF 73.7 . ropot samaigthi i n-ollamnas amal ail anscuichthi, RC xxvi 53 n.l . Fig. of a person: am dún díthogail am ail a.¤ , Misc. Hib. 20 § 3 ( IT iii 53.26 ).

As subst. immoveable property: connic duine a scuithche ┐ a andscuithche uile do thabairt ina nertslainte don ecclais, O'D. 2283 ( Rawl. B 506, 25d ). is indearb dona scuichib curab inand dono um andscuiche, Laws v 208.z Comm. a leth . . . ar scuithi . . . a leth ar scath anscuichthi in respect of moveables or immoveables, 34.15 Comm. Cf. ansclithe.

n (aurrae) one who has not the status of an aurrae; hence perh. outlaw, lawless person (cf. deorad): robad cutruma . . . a.¤ na ticc fo luigi cana ┐ ar an urrad féin, O'Curry 360 (H 3.18, 200). anurradh . . . na fuil ar cur no ar faichill ag duine . . . ┐ da mbeith budh inand cunnradh do dhenam fris ┐ do neithea risin urrad aga mbeith, 2162 ( Eg. 88, fo. 4(5)c ). in cennach d'anurradh, O'D. 2423 ( Rawl. B 506, 55a ). a coimet for robaib ┐ for anurradhaib na crichi, O'Curry 928 (H 3.18, 406). ruib ┐ anurraid ┐ indilsigh ┐ fiallach nembéscna, O'D. 1595 (H 5.15, 9b) (cf. na robb ┐ na n-ecodnach, LL 14160 ). cumal . . . a comairlegadh anurraid, Laws iii 388.2 Comm. ag na.¤ contention of lawless people, Lec. 171 va 30 = hanurnaidh, ZCP viii 213 § 67 . idir urra is anurraidh `both free men and wanderers', TD 16.53 . caluma fan ciúnLife / ní hanurra énlaithi no ignoble flock(?), IGT Decl. ex. 497 . a amais, a anurraid foreign soldiers, mercenaries, MR 188.14 .

vn. of arthraigid(ir) act of appearing: dluim theinedh do arthrugud, AU i 432.z . theofania .i. Dei aparitio is inand on ┐ arthrugud Dé, PH 6930 . rélla iongnáth do artrughadh, AFM v 1700.9 . rédlu do arthrucch[ud] hi secht Calainn Mai, ii 890.4 .

(-mm) n, n. vn. of benaid, see GOI § 735. b.¤ m. and f., g s. and n p. béime, IGT Decl. § 45 (g s. ex. 572, d s. ex. 693).

(a) act of striking; cutting, hewing, taking (off, away), removing, stripping (clothes, etc.): beim a cinn fri cloich gl. capita petrís inlidant, Ml. 139c3 . la beim dom churp cuimnech `at the smiting of my mindful body', Fél.² Ep. 363. fo-loimetar a b.¤ cosna claidbib they threaten to smite him, BDD² 1206. ba b.¤ cride fri cliab leis (of fear), TBC-LL¹ 1038. iarna beím dó asa fremaib (of an oak), Sc.M² 18R . oc bēim ḟeda, TBC-I¹ 778. fertais carpait do bēimim (béim, LU), 780 . a chenn do bēim (bein, v.l.) de, Sc.M² 7. dixit cend Lomnae drūith īarna bēimeim de, Corm. Y 1018 (87.4) . iar mbeim a chind do Ch. `after striking off C.'s head', Ériu ii 30 § 13. a ndrisi ┐ a ndraigne do beim dib (of land), Laws i 128.9 Comm. im beim adbar droichit `cutting the materials for a bridge', 134.27 Comm. b.¤ .i. búain, O'Cl.

Special applications: sesem ic beim in cluic, Thes. ii 346.38 . oc b.¤ tened, BDD² 480. b.¤ spréde, 487 . tene an aonbeime .i. Aodh (see áed), Anecd. ii 52.1 . iar mbēim eiti when he flaps his wings, ZCP vii 310 § 7. dóṡuidigthi .i. cechtar nái foleith cen b.¤ foscdæ innalaill (gl. apposita) without (the one) casting a shadow on the other (of genders of oppidum and Suthul), Sg. 63a15 . íar bēim dei a lēned having taken off his tunic, TBC-I¹ 1387 . a etach . . . do beim do na corpaib, Laws i 176.7 Comm. ní maith lim-sa a manaig do bēim ar L. `to deprive L. of his monks', BColm. 84.16 . ? ni fess mo bunad ria beím `I know not my race to proclaim it', Ériu vii 225.19 .

(b) blow, stroke; cut: bemmen gl. ictús, Ml. 39c17 . bémen dígle . . . nímmalle act is cach ae fo leith .i. coic cethorchuit béimmen `blows of punishment . . . five forties of blows', Wb. 17d2 . ind mbemmi a glancing blow, LL 11091 ( TBC-LL¹ 4285 ). fer benas dam óenbeímmim `at a single blow' (Vocab.), Críth G. 557. is ē nobenfad a crand ōen bēim (óenbéimim, LU) dia bun, TBC-I¹ 339. b.¤ búirid fri teora sústa iarnae they strike a blow with three iron flails, BDD² 1270. co tarat beim ( la tabairt beimen, FB 39 Eg.), LU 8536. dobert b.¤ dind echfleisc dó, 3287 ( SCC 8 ). benaim bēimend ágmara / for slōg síabra, TBC-I¹ 1686 ( LU 6170 ). roben a teora mǣla Midi da thrī bēmennaib, TBC-I¹ 3603. in treas beimennd Fergusa . . . .i. na tri maola Midhi, it e na tri beimenna, Anecd. ii 52.13 . dá cét mbéimen for láma (of penitential exercises), Ériu i 197.5 . cin coisi, di bemium `crime of foot, by kicking', Laws i 238.11 . doradad iarsin b.¤ dara munel cor beanad a cheand de, RC xxiv 56.1 . beim co commus (one of Cú Chulainn's feats), Ériu iv 30.12 . beim fo clos `some kind of military exploit' (Plummer MS. notes), BB 488b22 . co mbeim léoman (rhetoric), LU 5442 , TBC-I¹ 966. bēimm dobeir nathair do neoch an adder's sting for someone, Bruchst. 22 § 48 ( IT iii 78 § 48 ). fri b.¤ n-aéla thrust (of a fleshfork into a cauldron), LL 38376 ( RC xiii 58 ). ráinic b.¤ ǽile fon choire do Conall, RC xxix 219.19 . B. breo betha buadaig / beim in æl airimh ænuigh, Lism. L. 3464. rus-bean bem da heirr `struck . . . with a stroke of its tail' (of a serpent), TTebe 2074 . gearraidh sí (i.e. a scythe) d'aon-bh. an feóithne ┐ an fochnagán, TSh. 2644.

Extended applications: Bemenda Branduib i mBreghaib (i.e. ` seven battles', ed.), RC xvii 163.12 . Bemenna B. i mBreaghaibh, AFM i 222.6 . brogais Bernsa b.¤ don maig `advanced a pace', Metr. Dinds. iii 92.39 . bēim graece bemandro .i. pasus (leg. passus), O'Mulc. 140. bēim didiu .i. césad nó foditiu (through confusion with Lat. passio ?), ibid. b.¤ .i. céim, O'Cl. bēim, cēim `a step', Eg. Gl. 717 (see Ériu xi 119) . beim beg do breathaibh crolighi annso (title of passage consisting of extracts from commentaries on Bretha Crólige, see Ériu xii 2 ), O'Curry 305 (H 3.18, 167). Cf. beimm cenelach lessom anisiu `this is a general remark (?),' Thes. ii 39.22 .

(c) In legal contexts determination, decision, definition, rule, statement (?): b.¤ .i. cinneadh, O'Cl. beim tuathi do nartaiched aicne .i. in cinnedh doní in tuath on aigne dia toirithín, O'Curry 444 (H 3.18, 238b). beim naillech nad nertad tuatha deter- mination, assertion (?) by oath, Laws i 232.1 (and 234.6 Comm.). beim nailliuch . . . .i. noill cinnti . . . .i. in luighe cinnedh (in tuath), O'D. 105 (H.3.17, 86). b.¤ sét ro slanaige tuathband, 576 (443). beim .i. cinne (leg. cinned, Stokes), beim sochaidi ro sluagaigh (leg. slanaigh) tuathbann .i. is cinne sochaidhi, O'Dav. 311. beim sochaidh ro slanaigh tuathbann .i. ro slanaigh in dliged so co obund is na tuathaib. Cail mar cuirfidh in bec sin re cheile. In beim annsa roscadh inand he ┐ in dliged ata sa fasach. In tobonn ata sa fasach is inand ┐ in beim mar in cetna, O'Curry 2113 (H.4.22, 79a). beim sochuir ro slánaigh tuathband ┐ do garar nos la curaibh cosmailsi, O'D. 533 (H. 3.17, 431) `the striking [?] of a good contract which public law validates', Plummer MS. notes. beim tairbe na tarrathar .i. bem so tairben cluais na tarruith nech adidceth, O'Curry 879 ( H 3.18, 394a ).

(d) In various special phrases: b.¤ n-asclaing see asclang. b. císa a rate (?) (levying ?) of tribute: ben do beim císa orainn, Lism. L. 3195 . Cf. (c) supra. b.¤ n-écndaig, cf. (e): ba ussa . . . a dilgud sein oldaas beim n-ecnaich for Dia `blasphemy of God', Ériu ii 122 § 63. See écndach. b.¤ forais (see forus): b.¤ foris inso sís uile all that follows is a laying down, or statement, of rules, Wb. 25c18 . aphorism: forus .i. forismus graece sermo breuis latine ipocrāit (?) no excerptio interpretatur unde dicitur adcomced beim foruis fair (see Gwynn, KMMisc. 183 ), Rawl. 108b36 , O'Mulc. 578. b.¤ súl(a) (see s.v. súil): gebis galur Dauid . . . tria béimm súla ┐ tria aídcell anfhoill, LB 129a15 . treisi an b.¤ súla iná sin the evil (?) (envious ?), eye can go further (lit. is stronger) than that (?), Bard. Synt. Tr. 219.17 .

(e) Fig. blow, stroke of feeling, emotion; reproach, offence (with FOR, AR); blemish, fault, disgrace: beim di omhon, Ériu ii 134 § 118. in bem dimecin dorat L. fair, BB 416a16 . dorat . . . aithis ┐ beim forsan coicedh n-uili, Sc.M² R 14 . benais M. b.¤ n-aisce fair reproached him, TBC-LL¹ 472. beim ar a ecna `offence à sa science', RC xxiv 377.29 . b.¤ .i. égnach no toibhéim, O'Cl. , Eg. Gl. 718. is b.¤ ar inchaib na h-atharda, MR 300.31 . fagail beime ni dual di she should not receive reproach, ZCP ii 337.22 . ní b.¤ ar Bh. `no reproach to B.', TD 6. 17 . le a dtréithibh gan bh.¤ ar bioth, Hackett lv 13 . ná bíodh 'na bh.¤ air ar n-obadh, IGT Decl. ex. 693. buain béime ar mo bhogha-sa `that you have undertaken to revile my bow', Content. xxiv § 22 .

Compd. ¤scrisad: do bhéimsgriosadh . . . le tréan-thuile mhóir violently snatched away, O'Rah. 44.5.

adj i earlier mláith q.v. Also bláth [o, ā]. n s. f. mblāith, ZCP viii 202.13 . bean bh. g s. f. blaithi, forms given as `cáol uile,' IGT Decl. § 136. bean bhláth, § 137 .

(a) smooth (in orig. sense from subjection to grinding, friction, etc.): bláth (leg. bláith, ed.), mín, réidh `smooth', Eg. Gl. 68. (Of objects of metal, wood, stone, horn) filet ann brugi bláthi, SR 477. deich mbeanna bōnadarc būabaill mblāith, Ériu ii 28.20 . bogada blathi ` polished ', Cog. 158.23 . do bleidedhaibh blaithe, 114.20 . fidchell . . . cona foirind blāith bricc bendaig, MacCongl. 69.26 . do thighibh bláithe, Ériu v 58.27 . ar slios bh.¤ an bhrogha te `on the smooth wall', 62.5 . a measc na ccloch mb.¤ , Isaiah lvii 6. dia mbiailibh bláithibh, AFM v 1556.4 . garbh ṡáithe ┐ mín mheile / sgín eibhe bláithe buidhe with a smooth yellow haft, IGT Decl. ex. 1119. (Of skin, leather; cloth) a inar b.¤ bíannaide `soft tunic of skin' (Faraday), TBC-I¹ 1871. fa mbratachaib blaithi, MR 224.3 . geabhuidh lamhuinn mbreacchuirr mb.¤ , KMMisc. 170 § 12.

(Of food and drink) fít bec b.¤ a small light ration, Ériu ii 65 § 8. bid b.¤ do deog, iv 106.8 . blongi bláthi `smooth lard', MacCongl. 81.24 . In comic n.pr. meic borrchrothi blāthi, MacCongl. 33.16 .

? fosair blaith boairech . . . cred é b.¤ annsin. Inand é ┐ dag boaire co mbail foranaeí ┐ isé sin b.¤ atber ann, H 3.18, 646b32 ( O'Curry 1449 ).

(b) (In fig. sense) smooth, gentle, soft; comely: is amlaid sain bis ríge / garb a thús . . . / b.¤ a mmedón, Ériu iv 106.6 . i márḟlaith . . . / indat bláithe beccáin, Fél. Sept. 4. muinter b. romín (the inhabitants of Heaven), LU 2041. ind ḟírflaith blaith builid búan (of Conn Cétchathach), Airne F. 267. blaith .i. suthain, Stowe Gl. 245 (an inference ?). in énlaith búan b.¤ , LU 3696 ( SCC 33 ). fer blaith cennais ` mild ', PH 1974. Bēbinn blāith, ZCP vi 269 § 6. mor . . . do bhann- trachtaibh blaithe bíthe, Cog. 42.15 . [fi]r bláthi bithi borba, Ériu viii 70.7 . blāith ro-gabais cucut corp (to Christ), ACL iii 242 § 16. a abhlainn bh.¤ bheannaighthe `O bright . . . Host', A. Ó Dálaigh xxxvii 6. in troigh ṡlisseang, boindgeal b.¤ `smooth . . . foot', Ériu iv 218.15 . brēthir b.¤ `with gentle word(s)' (Gloss.), Sc.M² 21f . gut[h] blāith, ACL iii 306 § 9. na tuill buide mblāith / fria duine nach dlúith, KMMisc. 274.15 . oentu . . . blaith, Cog. 122.17 .

Equative: bláithidir scotha, Eg. 1782, 18a1 (cited Contribb. 225 ).

Compar. bláithe ná blaosg na huighi smoother (of a mansion), O'Gr. Cat. 354.1.

Superl. is é rígh as bláthem ┐ as mínem . . . dod-ánic, BDD² 1072.

Adv. atá slíghe . . . déanta go b.¤ = the way is made plain, Proverbs xv 19. gi-bé thairgfeadh a riar go b.¤ ` satisfactorily ' (Gloss.), Measgra D. 29.4 .

As subst. tairm na bláithe buige of the smooth, gentle (harp), SG 108.25 .

Compds. With nouns: ag binnghabháil a bíáidae ┐ a blathurnaighthe gentle prayers, Ériu v 86.17 . blāthc[h]aomna bocht, ZCP viii 215.16 . im bláitheing mbric ngreanta `neat border' (of embroidery), Magauran 2086 . ar beinn a bruit ┐ a bláithédaigh, Ériu v 76.38 . blaithliag `a pumice-stone ', Eg. Gl. 735. an cethramhad mionn dibhsin, / an mblaithminestir mbuadhach `smooth . . . reliquary', BNnÉ 270 § 241 . bláthoige gach ball id mhiocht smooth perfection, Magauran 2077 . Aedh mac C. . . . /. ui. bliadna fa blaithríadail, BB 59a31 .

With adjj.: i n-iomdaidh bhuiligh blaith-bind full of soothing sounds, BNnÉ 273 § 245 . is mic Cairbre bhuig bhláithcháoin fair and gentle, Ériu v 86.8 . mias . . . bhláthchaoin (of fine earthenware), TSh. 889. do breacsrol blathetrocht `smooth -bright', CCath. 4665. la C. mbúan mblaithfial soft and modest C., Gorm. Jan. 12. righti . . . blaithghelai smooth, white arms, TE 4 Eg. cona dib caelspeltib blathmaetha biannaide (of a sword-case of skin), CCath. 4692. blaithmín fri boctaib, Gorm. Sept. 25. re táobh na learg mbláithslim mbán, IGT Decl. ex. 417. beith ind-ēccmais Brīain bláith-rēidh, ZCP viii 218.31 . a bodhadhaibh blaithrighne smooth, tough bows, AFM v 1646.5 . With part. bróg bhláithghreanta, Magauran 4133 .

(Lat. certus). As adj. o, ā.

(a) correct, right, proper, fitting : is ámin tra as c.¤ in testimin-so, Ml. 62c7 . ni c.¤ ind ḟlesc sa huasind .m., Sg. 40b16 . foraice c.¤ `genau richtiger Wert', Cóic Con. 50 § 98 (see below under subst. use). cona tochmaghad a choir cirt, Ériu xiii 17.16 = c.¤ , O'Dav. 378 . cen claind cirt without ordinary children, LU 4305 ( SG 84.30 ). nocho ch.¤ na cubaid `it was not right or fitting', CRR 30.9 . nó go n-aimsear an uair cheart the destined hour, Dán Dé xvii 9 . stiúir cheart . . . na g-cóigeadhach (of a person), ML 86.7 . ní ceart d'ēinneach a rádh . . . it is wrong to say, Párl. na mB. 58 .

(b) fair, just : bad ch.¤ do cluchi frim fight fair, LU 5228 . breth ch.¤ , LL 30395 . comrama . . . / Cerbaill c[h]irt na náem `just', RC xxix 211 § 7 ( LL 6720 ).

(c) Of material objects etc. straight, even: sreth-linedha certa coiri, CCath. 5285 (`small', cf. 2 cert). baill certa comcoire, BB 427b15 . cetra colamna certa `straight', Stair Erc. 1377 . gersat certa . . . cimsa . . . catha, MR 254.4 . tennbhuille c.¤ casúir, IGT Decl. ex. 913 . dlúthmhong cheart, DDána 99.32 . slighe . . . cam cheart ` symmetrical ', Magauran 909 .

(d) Of numbers, quantities etc. exact, precise: co colainderce c.¤ `exact amount', Bretha 23 . da fítt ch.¤ chutrume `two exactly equal rations', Mon. Tall. 161.9 (§ 80) . deich mbliadna certa, BB 53a6 . tricha tren[ḟ]er ar cet c.¤ , MacCarthy 28.2 .

(e) Adv. ci[u]rt cóir `properly and rightly', cited GOI 239 from Laws ii 306.5 ( ZCP xiv 379 ). ní fail doruirme co c.¤ ` rightly ', Thes. ii 344.1 (Hy.v). cet co c.¤ `a hundred exactly', MacCarthy 314.z . go ceart indeed, Content. vi 242 . go ceart rómhad `straight before thee', Proverbs iv 25 .

(f) Compar. ní foigbe . . . / félire bas certu, Fél. Ep. 148 . nī turmi sechtu nach sūi / bas certu atá cōe, ZCP v 499 § 10 . is certiu in dedenach `more exact', Auraic. 1134 . an mbía duine marbhthach ní as ceirte ná Día?, Job iv 17 . is ceirtidde in chomāirim, ZCP iii 18.2 .

As subst. o, n. m., IGT Decl. § 63 (g s. cirt and ceirt, d s. ceart and cirt etc.). Cf. g s. cearta, Maguires of F. 95 . i or ā (dar ceirt, Cog. 56.11 ), ZCP xlix-l 619 .

(g) the right, what is proper, correctness : ar amainse ar chirt ar calmatus, LU 10300 (see also s. 2 cert). c.¤ cen tinne, ZCP viii 196 § 14 . misi robai for in cirt, YBL 173a16 . Cf. SG 70.13 . ceart na riaghla `fulfilling of the law', A. Ó Dálaigh xxi 1 . ceart ag duine is bheith go bocht, Dán Dé xxvii 27 . ar cheart ar chumas n-adhbhann ` correctness ' (of harping), Studies 1920, 98 § 9 . ó cheart `rightly', Content. vi 155 . ón cheart, xxiii 3 . an chalann do-chuaidh tar ceart which has transgressed, DDána 44.2 . do réir chirt, Rev. xix 11 . ? cach aen bereas(?) c.¤ cirt, LB 220b59 .

(h) In phr. ina chirt, i cirt, c.¤ properly, rightly, as is fitting : mac in tṡaír a llus in táil / do chumma in chláir ina chirt (: ṡlicht) `aright', Ériu ix 49 § 28 . firfes firindi ina cirt fri dala deithbiri, YBL 181a2 ( SG 254.23 ). is amlaidh so . . . anas dian aireng in-a cirt coir gan impod, BB 289b20 . dia mbe hi cciort, Leb. Gab.(i) 46.28 . atá ina cc.¤ le ceile (of a pact), BNnÉ 251.11 . co roibi ingen do righ paganta a c.¤ aigi `was his lawful wife', ZCP vi 289.16 .

(i) In quasi-legal sense of right, claim, entitlement : Lebor na Cert, title of tract on rights and privileges of kings, see BR and BR2. fris-saighe a cc.¤ , Ériu xiii 34.6 . dofet a c.¤ certaib `her rights', Laws i 124.10 . fer . . . saiges a ch.¤ do cech oén la Ultu, LU 8148 . ag tabairt cirt do Chríst cháidh `rendering an account', Manners and Customs ii 63.y . do bhean ceart díot an duine, Dán Dé xxviii 17 . dála, ceart, daingin orra, `Espousals', Eg. Gl. 243 . With follg. gen. c.¤ n-athar ┐ seanathar, BDD² 163 . augtar . . . / sluindfes c.¤ clainne C., Fing. R. 866 . c.¤ cech cōicid, ACL iii 303 § 5 . c.¤ cech ríg `tribute', KMMisc. 260 § 1 . ó chiort na gcuradh, Content. xxx 22 . i gceart a mháthar `in right of his mother', Keat. ii 5138 . go n-díoghlainn mo chomhdhaltadha fair . . . a g-ciort chloidhimh by the sword, ML 110.3 . With follg. prep. muna ḟuil ceart ag óigh air `rights as against Him', Aithd. D. 86.18 . c.¤ Maodhócc ar shluag Mhancach, BNnÉ 248 § 202 . mo cheart ar an tír, Maguires of F. 90 . ceart cinnte . . . ar ré shíordhaidhe d'fhagháil absolute right to, TSh. 529 . ceart . . . ré coimhéad, 5130 . ná sir c.¤ a cumhail deilgi, IGT Decl. ex. 1238 . gan c.¤ . . . do bheth ag nech in aoinní `right . . . in any thing', RSClára 146b .

(j) justice, fair dealing : luid co chinel do c.¤ friu `to demand justice', Laws i 70.9 Comm. na tair chucum dar firc., TBC-LL¹ 3491 . gidh tréan thú ní chuinge acht ceart, Dán Dé xxvii 14 . dá ndéanmaois ceart d'imirt oraibh, Maguires of F. 61 . do cheart = iustitia, TSh. 4813 . a gille, ar siad, inn gabaid coma no c.¤ uainn?, ZCP xiii 240.11 .

For daimid c.¤ see daimid.

With dliged: tar ceart no dligedh, Laws ii 70.2 . conid he sin c.¤ ┐ dliged lenait saxain for goedelu, Fél.² clxxxvii 9 .

(k) As technical term used of one of several legal processes: coic conara fugill . . . c.¤ , Cóic Con. 15 § 1 (`genau richtig'). cuir ┐ cundartha etc. d'acrau forin conair fugill is c.¤ , 20 § 13 . tacra cutrumma for cirt, 24 § 26 . bid c.¤ im cotomus folada etc. the legal process c. shall apply in the case of equal assessment of objects, 50 § 98 . For etymologies see 29 § 13 .

(l) With follg. gen. proper arrangement or procedure, correct way of doing something .: ni dāmair c.¤ catha doib fair battle, b. according to the rules of war(?), Rawl. 131b45 . See LL 4902 , ML² 946 . o cirt cobrainne `by just partition', Laws iv 44.8 . c.¤ comlaind, LL 33979 . tré cheart gcomhráidh, Ir. Syll. Poetry 40 § 6 . c.¤ crandcair, BB 244b34 . c.¤ imthechta, MR 318.23 . c.¤ natha,. Ériu xiii 18.16 (in list of metr. terms). Note also : c.¤ sléibe Fúait `true story', Metr. Dinds. iv 168.44 .

(m) Freq. in IGT as technical term declensional form (of noun or verbal noun): na crotha dona ceartuibh ó mbeantur comhfhocal, IGT Introd. § 2 (2.17) . cáoladh ceirt (e.g. lámh, don láimh), § 14 (6.11) . feabhas, fiú, féin, dég (an áirmhe), focuil gan cheart indeclinables, § 122 . greagh, c.¤ lethan tríd sis as cóir aige, Decl. § 45 . c.¤ persan mar sin sís aige (after forms of eadradh), § 49 . scológ (ceart baininnsgne aigi) is inflected like a feminine, § 12 . tegmáil . . . c.¤ ar a comair air féin aigi, Verbs § 2 . faigsin etc. . . . cirt ar a comair aca, § 4 . bleagan ┐ dligsin (dít), inand gabaid acht ar a certuibh i.e. the verbs are conjugated in the same way but their verbal nouns belong to different types, § 36 .

(n) Less freq. in sense of correctness, permissibility , somet. opposed to canamain anomalous (form): trí mairg, cóir do chiort, trí mharg, cóir do chanamhain, IGT Introd. § 18 (8.31) . úaibreach do chanamhain atá, úabrach an c.¤ , IGT Decl. § 17 . .c. .d. neith ceirt ┐ canamna, Verbs § 45 . imram, imirt . . . a ndénmas .n. cirt, § 101 . .d. .n. cirt ┐ canamna, § 112 .

(o) In chevilles: as gach ciort, SG 35.24 . ní cói ceirt, Metr. Dinds. iv 164.27 . dia do cheart, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 356.1 .

In compds. usually straight, direct, exact, precise, less frequently right, just, proper.

With nouns. ¤agaid. Usually in prep. phr. with i, ar: i certagaidh na gáithe directly against the wind, CCath. 3927 . tarla do D. . . . ina chertagidh met him face to face, ZCP xiv 240.8 . dēnamh ar a gcert-agaidh go F. straight ahead, Fl. Earls 24.28 . Note also: du-s-rat a chert-aghaidh . . . forsan athair `it turned its . . . face on the father', 136.25 . a fírchlethe a chendmullaig hi certairdi from the very top of his head, LU 6475 . ūas an mbaile a certairde right up over the stead, Ériu iii 168 § 25 . ni hicthar ni fris acht certaithgin, Laws v 254.18 Comm. iar certbliadain, Rawl. 76a36 . certbrecad ┐ ollbrecad, IT iii 76 § 40 (see p. 131 and breccad). M. . . . an ceirtbhreitheamh `just judge', Keat. ii 3658 . confad C. ┐ a cheart-bhriathra, MR 160.20 . certchaictighis ó maireach, Cog. 104.34 . fa ceart-comair a craide directly in front of, MR 260.14 . ceartchosair ceithri ndroṅg, BDD² 811 (`a proper litter', Gloss.). sechtmoga mac . . . / achertchúmma d'ingenaib exact equivalent, SR 1972 . c. cumal `an exact c.', Bretha 31 . na chertdegaid directly after him, LL 15318 . no gur comroinnestair . . . a craide ar certdō dō in two equal halves, MR 260.16 . Duan. F. i 35 . for cert-druim in cat[h]a, CCath. 4881 . a cúic do cert duibh to an all-black (cow), O'Gr. Cat. 145.11 . ina c[h]ertḟar[r]adh, ZCP viii 210.31 . ceart-fheadh na n-arm . . . eatorra, ML 84.28 . nert C. certfir .i. ind ḟir cheirt, Gorm. Apr. 18 and gl. trī ceirtfichit muc mór exactly sixty, Ériu xvii 20 § 13 . ¤gáe see separate article. i certghuin cath, BB 53a25 . certiarraid exact fosterage-fee, Laws iii 312.12 Comm. an ceirtiomagallaimh, Ériu xiii 36.21 . certimain `proper driving', Laws i 288.11 Comm. na huili uisci do dhul ina certinadh cóir féin taranais arís, RC xxviii 310 § 3 . cert-láech a true warrior, MU² 538 . ar certlár mo thaige very middle, LL 38552 . rochaith a chertleth (i.e. of the apple), MacCarthy 46.16 . is a certlogh dic `exact value', Laws iv 250.21 Comm. certmac oglaigh `an average son' (Plummer MS. notes) Cf. ceartmhac, `fils légitime', Études Celt. xii 524 , oppd. to ardmhac o., O'Curry 285 ( H 3.18, 157 ). ina certmedón right in the middle of it, LU 2057 . dar certmedōn hĒrenn, Corp. Gen. 206.14 . atchiu clothrig . . . / cotngaib inna chertraind . . . / o crund co fraig who divides it equally(?), LU 7375 (of Conaire. `exact share', BDD2 Gloss.). co certsála sís right down to the heels, BDD² 1268 . ro an ina certsesam, Stair Erc. 350 . cearttharsna ar aicme ailme `straight across for group A' (of fingers across shin-bone in cossogam), Auraic. 5783 . do cert-tochus `of his exact property', Laws v 32.21 Comm. curson comnart certtrebtha, Leb. Cert.² 156.5 . certtrícha ruaid-each, 8.10 .

With adjj. an crios corr, ceart-bhláith, MR xiv 7 . certinann ré exactly the same period, Anecd. i 26 § 11 . a Chrīst chóeim certgenmnaid `truly chaste', Ériu iii 14 § 10 . at chonnarc and Coin Culaind certlaín `perfect', Études Celt. v 155.27 . in tan ata certnua in cin. No ata certnua in cro recent(?), O'Curry 609 ( H 3.18, 297 ). ni coir gnuis bidbaid itir crú ceartnua .i. is nua in fala no go lesaighther, 2282 ( Eg. 88, 21 (22)a ).

With adjj. formed from nouns: a chomhdail an Airdrígh certbreathaigh just, RC xxviii 326 § 23 . certbriathrach (of a judge), Irish Texts iv 27.2 . eannach . . . ceart-foirgneamhach `well-fashioned', MR xiv 13 . i pongc ceirtmedonach an domain, YBL 169a3 . certronnach `justly-dividing', Gorm. 16 gl .

With verbs: c.¤ gabais Congal Cairpri's in comlund, MR 244.4 . is follus as sin co nach certtiaghait (-tuicit?) lucht in Uraicepta-sa co mbad e Laidin . . . , Auraic. 1127. 4047 .

n (cenn ?): c.¤ .i. mad inand ceand don mil tallad, ┐ don mil fogabar ann, O'Curry 244 ( H 3.18, 140 ).

adj pl. cuibdi, -e (com + fid, GOI §§ 128 , 345 , 830 ). cobaid, Ml. 14d11 . cobaidh, Laws i 136.10 Comm. cobfid, Auraic. 957 . cobhuidh: soraidh, DDána 114.4 .

I

(a) harmonious, in accord, agreeing : nir chuibde ciar chomlabra `they [shrieks] were discordant though uttered together', RC vii 298 § 137 ( LL 29226 ). cuibdius c.¤ / ac na helaib, ZCP vii 309.21 , `tuneful music', Murphy Lyrics 30.2 . nidat cuibde a comanmand `their names are no sweet symphonies', MacCongl. 7.16 . ceōla cuibdi na n-aingel, ZCP viii 114 § 9 . re cliathaib crithre, cuibdi, comraitecha ciuil, MR 110.y . ar nirbat cuibdi a cocrícha cían remi, LL 31032 (`their boundaries had not been harmonious', TTr. 213 ). imon crích . . . / níptar cuibde comrainne `were not agreed in partnership', Metr. Dinds. iv 16. 8 (Dubthir) = rapdar . . . , LL 30526 . roslechta leis . . . / .uii. maige certa cuibde, 2196 . Cheville: ainm c.¤ , Auraic. 2117 . Of physical activity or action concerted; agreed upon: imram . . . c.¤ comaontadach, ML² 657 . mat cuibdi ┐ fer laime . . . Manbet cuibdi (`if there be accomplices', Plummer MS notes), Laws i 244.1 , 3 Comm. ? cia biat cuidbi aen érce. Munub cuidbi aen érca is secht cumula cacha láimhe can cinnedh, O'D. 517 ( H 3.17, 420 ). See cuibdius. equal, (with) (in), matched: na tri Aedana ardda / ropsat cuibdi comṡelgga, LL 28804 . cidat cuibdi comriata inn echradsin nídat comdatha well-matched , LL 13906 . bāmar cuibhdhe cōim-t[h]rēna, ML² 2080 .

(b) fitting, meet, becoming; proper, right : áile suidhe n-árd n-esartha. i mbí clúmh chubhaidh cosartha (request for a dwelling), Ériu xiii 40.12 ` suitable ', Murphy Lyrics p. xiv (note). m'itche c.¤ coir `meet and fitting prayer', Ériu xix 3 § 4 . do mac cóir ch.¤ Cherbaill, LU 4324 . ro-po ch.¤ co ro-cloitea o mac na hóige .i. Crist, PH 2022 . nocho chert na c.¤ , CRR 22 . na ceithre comhfhocail cuibhdhi `the four fit . . . maxims', MR 90.4 . Clann Onc[h]on c.¤ comlān ` righteous ', BColm. 52.6 . caillecha dubha / craibhtecha, cubdhe, 'na chill, BNnÉ 152.12 . cubhaidh = comely , Isaiah iv 2 . F. ab cubaidh Ardmacha `legimate abbot', TFrag. 140 note p . an chanóin chubhoidh (of scripture), DDána 20.31 . ro bud cubuidh dire do beth doib ina setuib `would be meet', Laws ii 402.29 Comm. c.¤ desidhe gemadh he trian na codach etc., iv 198.4 Comm. guin daighfhir cró níor chubhaidh `was not meet', RC xlix 169 § 5 . fuair tríonn créachta nar chubhaidh, DDána 40.17 . neach nār iomchair an umhla mar budh cubhaidh, Beatha S. F. 2167 .

With following prepp. DO, FRI (LA): is ulcach Cú Ch. is c.¤ do niaid comrac fris (`it is fitting for', Faraday), LU 6133 (TBC). frepuide cuibde di cech pheccad `appropriate remedies for every sort of sin', Rule of Tallaght 80 § 59 . ro-po c.¤ duit, etc., PH 2345 . ceit[h]re trīr . . . / cuibde re gach les, Ériu i 39 § 6 . gēb-sa lethrand dūs in ba c.¤ frissa ṅgēba-som to see if it fits yours (a half-quatrain of verse), Fing. R. 119 . ni mó na re bochtaib tróga bud ch.¤ beth innte, Todd Lect. vi 44.5 . re chéile isad cuibhdhe they suit each other, DDána 98.29 . ni cubhaidh lena nadúir cennaighecht `trading does not suit his nature', Ériu v 172.157 .

Compar. concinnore .i. as chubaithiu, Ml. 145b3 . ga craebh coibhneasa as cuibhdhe do cheastnughadh `fitter', MR 98.1 . As superl. is friu as cuibhdhi sin fria drochdhainib, Lism. L. 4058 . duit as cuibhdhe cró do shean most befitting, DDána 74.60 . Adv. in chobaid gl. concinnenter, Ml. 14d11 . go cubaidh , ZCP viii 114.22 . co c.¤ comaontadhach, ML² 682 .

II As subst. = cuibdius.

(a) In metr. sense: cid a chubhaidh ? . . . coibhḟiodh ann sin ar an ní as ionann fiodh airegdha benus an dá ḟocal in imḟregra; ar gé ni dleghar dona bardaibh eolus i ffedhaibh . . . dlegar doibh a cubhaid techta do urmuisi, ┐ do aithne fria cluais, ┐ aignedh, Ériu xiii 43.y - 44.2 . Cf. O'Dav. 771 . rann . . . as ionann c.¤ a imfregra ina leth toisioch, ┐ ina leth dhéghenach (following ex. shows a: b, c: d), Ériu xiii 44.7 . con-ricce a chubhaidh fri araill (of comharc bairdne), 43.31 . O'Dav. 48 . cach da thæbomna ar fid hi c.¤, cach da cobfid i c.¤: is ed is c.¤ iarum co robe an fid cetna beas isna foclaib in imfreccrai, ┐ co rob inand a lin du tæbomna beas intib, ut est, bas ┐ las, etc., Auraic. 957 . cubhaidh comfada (one of the sixteen parts of poetry), IT iii 29.21 . In name of metre: debide doceil a c.¤ , IT iii 17 § 43 , Murphy Metrics 65 `which conceals its rime', p. 78 . See ánchubaid, salchubaid, de-chubaid

(b) In general sense: congbhaidh do chubhaidh `maintain thy sway', Oss. vi 148.7 . ? focheil Bé san tulaig the / dagné fon ch.¤ Ceilbe ` suitably ', Metr. Dinds. iii 58.56 .

n iā, f. (2 deithbir): ni cuindig neac uainn dethbiriu (= derscugud, Alex. 877 ) diaraili uair is inand foluth duinn uili none of us desires to be distinguished from the other, BB 498a45 . do lin cumghacht defiri ┐ eagla a craidhi excitement (?), Lib. Flav. ii 6vb31 .

n nt, n. a s. d.¤ , ZCP i 64 . g s. déid, A. Ó Dálaigh xliii 6 (late MSS.). d s. d.¤ , Ml. 117d5 (see GOI § 325 ), Cóir Anm. 41 . déit, Sg. 67b10 . n p. dēt, IT i 132 . ZCP viii 196 . dēta, BDD 2 . MacCongl. 97 . O'Dav. 1057 . deoit, TBC-LL¹ 5309 . Otia ii 88 . a p. dētu, ZCP iii 20 . déta, LL 23b48 . IT i 69 . dēda, ZCP xii 387 (Laud 615). d p. dētuib, SR 8360 . RC xxiv 382 . TBC-LL¹ 4524 . PH . g p. inna ndeut , Ériu ii 136 . d.¤ , LL 193a5 . Trip.² 1319 . im cholg ṅd.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 2572 . acc. du. idir adám d.¤ , Lism. L. 4547 . déd m., IGT Decl. § 95 .

I Tooth: do déit gl. ad dentem, Sg. 67b10 . huan dét ascatu gl. emulo dente, Ml. 117d5 . gela det and, dubai brai, IT i 132 . biait a beóil partardeirg imma deta nemanda, 69 . batar inand ┐ frais do nemannaib a deta ina cind, BDD § 2 . nad accamar gen gári for du déta riam, LL 279a10 . beóil deirg thanaide leiss, deoit niamda némanda, TBC-LL¹ 5309 . robean a deda he gnashed his teeth, Dinds. 80 . crith for detuib chattering of teeth, SR 8360 . PH . crith ar détaib, RC xxiv 382 . a déta for crith, PH 7760 . duiscthi drenn .i. crithnaiges detu, ZCP iii 20 . nocha foghnann a dhéta don torc sin d'ithi neich, O'Dav. 1057 . uair nach tarba in cend cen a deta ho minigther na biada dona ballaib, PH 6817 . d.¤ fiss Fionn's wisdom-tooth under which he placed his thumb when seeking inspiration: atrubairt friss a d.¤ fiss | re mac Cumaill cen eslis, LL 207b21 . Festschr. Stokes 8 . tuc a ordain fo a d.¤ fis, 7 do faillsiged fírinne dhó, Acall. 203 . mó dhed fis, RC xiii 7 . CF p. 74 .

II Set of teeth, the teeth. Cf. idir adám d.¤ (of the upper and lower teeth), Lism. L. 4547 . nocha ttainic tar a dhéd | ní badh breg nó bhadh brefal, ZCP i 164 = Mart. Don. July 25 . póga dlúithe dā dhéd thirim, 3 C 13, 579 . an déad ar dath néamhuinne, TD 15.182 . tarla i mbéal na mbriathar mall | déad roigheal mar ḟras néamhann, 39.18 . bean an déid daithghil, A. Ó Dálaigh xliii 6 . an déad arna dhubhadh, TSh. 32 . nā mealludh so thú . . . an mhala chaol nā an déad ceart even teeth (?), 23 D 4, 131 . Fig. déad suim re sonnadh suain `an efficacious palisade round my sleep', Ó Bruad. ii 128 .

III As attrib. gen., of ivory . See Reeves Ad. 159 .

(a) In colg (claideb etc.) d.¤ ivory-hilted sword: rogabastar a ocht claidbini ima arm d.¤ ndrechsolus, TBC-I¹ 1913 ( im cholg ṅd.¤ ṅd.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 2572 ). calg d.¤ .i. ara mbiat na helta d.¤ .i. d.¤ míl moir a imduirn `on which are the hilts of tooth, i.e. its hilts are of a whale's tooth', O'Dav. 567 . claidib . . . co n-eltaib d.¤ co n-imduirnib airgdidib, LL 53a5 . claideb d.¤ (c. co n-eltaib d.¤ , c. co nd.¤ , c. co n-imdorn d.¤ , v.l.), BDD 103 . calc d.¤ co nimdurn diad, TBC-I¹ 3159 . a ocht ngothnatha má goth néit, 1915 . a n-ocht cuilg ṅd.¤ ┐ a n-ocht ṅgothnatta neíd (néd, neid, v.l.), TBC-LL¹ 3557 . re lainn d.¤ ` ivoried blade ', O'Gr. Cat. 376 . iarla . . . colg ndéad, 3 C 1 3, 773 . i ráith . . . na gcolg ndéad, TD 25.18 .

(b) With other nouns: cloch medóin do dhornchla dh.¤ , IGT Decl. ex. 80 . ar ndornchur ndéd noilfint, Rel. Celt. ii 262 . go n-a brannuibh déad, Ériu i 95 (`with its ivory chessmen', J. Fleming). branán déd Clár na cCuradh (epithet of a chief), 23 L 17, 47 b . Cf. further: cen dailb ṅdet | ainm Essa Ruaid co romet, LL 213a50 = gan deil ndet . . . romeid, BB 392a26 . furtain cēt a cuid prainne | i ndubtair dhet degcaille, BB 393b35 = LL 214a8 .

Compds. ¤bán white-toothed: macaom . . . dedbán, LL 396.5 . ¤chengtach (?): badb detcengtach, Cog. 174 . ¤chain n.pr. m. gen. m. D. m. Niad, LL 349g (= Dedchain, LB 17a ). ¤gel white-toothed , LL 130b8 . Metr. Dinds. iii 182 . O'Gr. Cat. 405 . ¤glés gnashing of teeth (?): d. ┐ imchomailt fiacla na míledh, TTr.² 866 . ¤idu toothache: mecon sobargine do cur fon cacuilt ┐ icaid detiga, 24 B 3, 56.37 . icaid siban . . . in detiguin, 60.30 . Cf. déideadh, Dinneen . ¤lí tooth-brilliance: in cétrí (sic leg.) rogab in bith | glan a dētlī ┐ a dath, BB 487a13 . ¤ṡolus bright-toothed , LL 266b43 . TD 20.112 . Dāire d., CF 11 . Déadṡolus, a fanciful Hibernicization of Daedalus , TD 20.58 .

ind (follus): sarafinem . . . is inand on ┐ ardentes .i. difolsigtech (-f- added below line), uair diḟoillsigit (dia foillsigit, H 2.15A p. 70 ) o grad ┐ o serc in choimdeg tria bithu sir, YBL 169b33 = ardentes diolesadaig, iarsinni diolsigit o sheirc in choimded, PH 6234 .

n (duine) (poet. term) human being: airddiu dēib doen (.i. duni) a mortal higher than the gods, LL 311b17 ( Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 23 , cf. Ériu xiii 156 ). atotfugéra cech dóin, Fianaig. 14 . cia doen, cia dia (.i. cia an duine no an dea), Leb. Gab.(i) 266 = cia dain, LL 12b47 ( IT iii 61 ). foimned digal doen dogni let the mortal who does so beware of punishment, ZCP vii 312 . nā diuberar nach daen dia daghmāinib, ZCP xii 365 . connaba cumhachta do nach doen ara tairchella rosc 'so that no mortal will be able to see them all', TBith.² 213 § 92 . nad inand airlither Dia do gach dáen, Anecd. v 23 . daen, O'Dav. 342 ; 585 (daon, doin). doen, Rawl. 125b10 . a p. fēgh na daena , ACL iii 295 § 31 . Cant term for an ollave (?): co dib rannuib for a .x. dílsem do doen (.i. ollam), IT iii 31 (do daen, v.l.) (but gl. perhaps refers only to special application of term and is not meant as a definition).

Compds. ¤ár slaughter of men: dringed dar dronga dōenā[i]r (sic leg.?) he pressed through slaughtered hosts (?), AFM 940 (: Faoláin). ¤bras: dún dond daenbras (: taebglas) populous (?), Anecd. i 68 . ¤chonn human reason (?): (Of beer) escongae ad-ling macc (MS. meic) cach dóenchuinn 'whip that pounces on the son of any human reason (i.e. rational being)' Éigse xxxvii 77 § 5 . ¤gein human-born. g p. Adam athair doene doengein (: óengein), Ält. Ir. Dicht. i 42 § 50 ( Rawl. 115b36 ). ¤gnás: for doéngnas `in human use', ACC 31 ( RC xx 170 ). ¤gus human power, force: daongus (.i. daingen), LL 393a5 = daengus, BB 134a44 ( Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 21 ). ¤ogam, Auraic. 5709 . See doénchaire.