adj o, ā small, little, of size, quantity, extent, physical and moral: b.¤ quasi ec ebraice paru[u]s interpretatur , , Corm. Y 151. duine beg gl. homunculus, Ir. Gl. 436. magnus et minus . . . mor ┐ beg, Auraic. 676. natat beca gl. non parua, Ml. 18b6 . cid na olc mb.¤ `even any little evil', 35d9 . atá debe m[b]ec nand, 40a20 . ma beth na galar b.¤ for corp duini, Thes. ii 245.34 (Cambr.). na brithemnachta becca `petty judgements', Wb. 9c8 . both b.¤ gl. umbraculo, Ml. 100c21 . inna mmacc ṁbecc, 123b12 . cid b.¤ cid már gl. quantitas, Sg. 28b7 . immar fa b.¤ `whether it be great or small', 73a16 . huan suidiu biuc gl. modica sesione, Ml. 135a14 . o aimsir bicc `for a little time', Wb. 5c2 . is becc rand aos túate ┐ lucht na sencheld mór ucut `the laity and the people of the great old churches yonder are of little worth', Mon. Tall. 137.4 nibo b.¤ in tech, Sc.M² 5. fri ré iúbili bicci .i. uii mbliadna, LU 4044. cansit ceól mb.¤ , LU 3274 ( SCC 7 ). ar thoirsi in meic bic do chosc, MU² 186. atchi tenid mbic `a little fire', RC xxiii 418.25 . id-bert an laoidh mbig si ann, ML² 1151. b.¤ cech glōr is cech gredan, Bruchst. i 62 § 143. dogní na briathra beca sa (of some lines of rhetoric), SG 371.18 . faillsighis . . . doibh-siumh an talamh mbiucc dia mbattar iarraidh .i. tir thairrngire, BNnÉ 77 § 148 . lethad baisi bigi (of a measure of bread), ZCP vi 286.10 . beag nglóire thú i dtalmhain (lit.) small as regards glory, Dán Dé viii 13 (but ex. may belong to subst. use below). más beag mór ar mbéim `all our sins, great and small', Aithd. D. 85.2 . ní fhuil dá éis dom scéimh acht scáil bheag, Keat. Poems 516. do chrích Banbha is beag re maoidheamh `small credit to B.', Aithd. D. 28.6 . b.¤ b.¤ very small, Ériu v 22.21 . becc nāt beg `not too tiny', K. and H. 10 (See Bull. Board of Celt. Stud. xxiv (1972) 484).

Compar. and superl. supplied by root *lug (cf. lú). b.¤ ┐ lugum ┐ lugusomh, Auraic. 659. Compar. laugu (sic leg. laugi, MS), Wb. 6b12 . lugu, 16c26 , Ml. 23a13 . laigiu, 17c7 , Sg. 120b2 . lugha gl. minor, Ir. Gl. 1115. dleagait mic leigind . . . saire ada lugu a free status that is less (than that of higher-ranking men of letters), Laws v 102.6 . gnim nad lugu smacht for which the penalty is not less, IT i 70.19 . co nar ba luga hí . . . oltás orcc cránai it was no smaller than a young pig, PH 7210. ni lugu is machtnaigthi lim-sa I have no less reason to marvel, 1758 . gerba lugu d'ais ┐ do airrdi in gilla sin `of lesser age and height', TTebe 393 . Scotia Minor nó Scotia ba lugha, Keat. ii 5797. With DE: combad lugaite a nert i n-agid ríg Lagen that their strength might be the less, LL 6423. his laugudi a pennit, Ériu vii 154 § 2. ba lugaide a galarsom ón do suidiu `thus his sickness was alleviated', Ériu xii 166.7 . ro ba lughaide ro heccaoíneadh a oidheadh go ro thionnsccain sé dol ar bélaibh a athar `was the less lamented', AFM v 1778.1 .

Superl. : lugimen gl. minimam, Ml. 14c10 . is ē dēach is laigem, Corm. Y 447. cia luigem i fuillemaib gell, Laws v 376.1 . With form of compar. : ūair is é mer is lauga isin lāim é (the little finger), Corm. Y 809. na tri fira is luga a fenechus the three smallest (least in value), Cóic Con. 42 § 63 . i coneilg in neich is lughu, Auraic. 677. in aen lámh mharcaigh as luga rob olc `by no means one of the least expert horsemen', AFM vi 2040.11 . In adverbial phrases: na rachthai . . . co cend .x. ṁbliadan a n-as lugu de `at the least' ( TTr. 1776 ), LL 32574. in mēide is lugha dhe, Fl. Earls 178.z . adeirim nī sa lugha cúig Paidreacha at least , Parrth. Anma 777. muna rabha sí ann go follus, ní as lúgha de, bíodh sí a bhfolach none the less, Mac Aingil 2210 .

As adv. in d s. (in) biuc little, a little ; a while?), in some exx. perh. merely expletive: ma conatil biucc `if it has slept a little', Wb. 29d15 . in biucc gl. paulatim, Sg. 12b1 . cid in biucc `even in small measure', 39a25 . in biuc iarum gl. paulo post, Ml. 19b6 . in biuc `to a small degree', 122b7 . seōl bic romaind 'sa rōt cētna / a choss truag-sa, ACL iii 243 § 27. an biuc, a L. corot-aiciller, Sc.M² 9. tair bic ille, LU 3724 ( SCC 33 ). Compar. as adv. ind lugu gl. minus, Ml. 123c12 .

As subst. of persons and things small, petty, unimportant (of state, rank, possessions, etc.): ataat cetheora sabuid tuaithe noda-desruithetar i mbecaib who are degraded to small people, ZCP xvi 177 § 14 (= Laws i 54.8 ), see 184.23 . a becco, ol Fer Rogain, BDD² 888. nān .i. b.¤ ut dicitur, nanus .i. abac nō lucharbān, O'Mulc. 828. dona beaguibh (= paruulis, Psalms 118 ), Parrth. Anma 9 (title-page). In phr. o b.¤ (biuc) co mór both small and great i.e. everybody: tabhach cíosa ┐ cána Maodhóg o bhecc go mór `from small and great', BNnÉ 203 § 44 , cf. v.l., n.3. na coiglidh enduine acu o b.¤ co mor, Fier. 131. donangatarsidhe ó bhiug co mór, Hugh Roe 108.10 . Cf. etir b.¤ ┐ mór both small and great, Ml. 114b17 .

As subst. o, n. a little, a little while, etc., smallness, fewness : beag, m. IGT Decl. § 65. cid a mb.¤ gl. uel paululum, Ml. 29b12 . b.¤ gl. paulum, Sg. 14a11 . Études Celt. xi 110. iṁforling hícc a mbeicc rochreti `of the few of them', Wb. 5b21 . is becc rofitemmarni i rrúnaib dǽe, 12c5 . cid beicc daucbaid si `of little worth', Wb. 21c12 . is hed a mbeccsin nammá dogníu di maith, 24a12 . cid b.¤ ṅdi ulc, Ml. 46a1 . cid cen na b.¤ ndo síd and `even without a little of peace there', 51a5 . ní b.¤ dia ndergeni forcenn a sailm `it is no small thing', 69c7 . corrobu b. du essarcnaib furodamair, 131b12 . becc torbai little profit, Thes. ii 296.4 . a mbecc mín `the small light diet', Mon. Tall. 152.20 . a mb.¤ arathá . . . doṁsaegulsa during the little that remains of my life, RC iii 179.9 . edrad fota do biuc (bicc, v.l.) buair `long the milking time for a few cattle', Ériu v 116.8 . dochóidseom trá i nnem arin ṁb. sin do maith, LL 36833. don ti rucc becc h'innmusa, RC xxvi 366.4 . beg dá hioth do-chúaidh ar gcúl, IGT Decl. ex. 1093. as beag do geabhthar do dhaoinibh fíréanta a small number, Desid. 2257. beag ga bhfoil an ceart ar chuimhne ` few ', Aithd. D. 38.5 . ar uathadh sluaigh ┐ ar beg mbuidhne, AFM v 1662.3 . Of time: ni bia do m'fhuirech-sa anosa mar-oen frit . . . acht b.¤ bet oc tuba h'uilc . . . i t'agaid, PH 8230. dar thrachtsam beg roimhe so `a short time', Geneal. Tracts 53.5 .

With prec. possess. 3 s.: rochotail a becc slept a while, TBC-I¹ 2513. nír codail a b.¤ an aidhchi sin he did not sleep at all, ZCP x 307.18 . ni rucsat a beg ar a m-buidnib they quite failed to overtake, Celt. Rev. iv 206.20 . dá leigeadh a lámha síos a bheag nó a mhór, Eochairsg. 54.5 . hi tōeb na conaire anair a bic `a little to the east', Dinds. 20. gan a bheg `not a whit', Duan. F. i 53.20 . dubhairt-sean nach raibhe a bheag `he said it was nothing', Keat. ii 5272.

With neg. verb and follg. DI anything at all, the smallest quantity: ní romill a becc din chasail (= permanente cassula tantum intacta quod ignis non tetigit), Lat. Lives 11.12 . na beiridh a bhecc da bhar nettaighibh libh asin luing, BNnÉ 54 § 55 . ní haithristear a bheag da scéalaibh `no tidings whatever are given of them', Keat. ii 2571. Cf. nochon do biuc bae dia brīg not slight was his power, ZCP viii 217 § 5.

In phr. acht b.¤ almost, nearly: fri re tri n-uairi acht b.¤ , PH 550. dia bualad co mbo marb acht b.¤ so that he was nearly dead, LU 3290 ( SCC 8 ). roscarsatur ar cuirp fri ar n-anmannaib acht b.¤ `have all but separated', MacCarthy 66.23 . acht madh beac, Fl. Earls 168.23 . b.¤ ná, b.¤ nach almost, nearly (i.e. little but that): b.¤ nachamralae i nderchóiniud ón `I have almost fallen into despair', Ml. 90c17 . b.¤ nád múchtha doíne impu were nearly stifled, TBFr. 272. beag nach brisiodh mo chroidhe / gach dán roimhe da gcumainn, Studies 1918, 618 § 11 . beg do Tuadmumain nár thrían / do bí ag M. M. held almost a third of Thomond, Caithr. Thoirdh. 136.15 . go raibhe trian bhfear nÉireann ré filidheacht beagnach, Keat. iii 1462. So also: is b.¤ mā dorinnus ariam gnīomh . . . badh doilghe liom do dhēanamh hardly , Feis Tighe Chonáin 1469. is beac ma ba oirrdearca C. `C. . . . was scarcely more illustrious', CF 411. Cf. is b.¤ cid dia fesstar a chenél `his kin will be almost unknown', RC xxiv 176.5 .

With copula and follg. prep. is b.¤ do it is little, insufficient (for): ba becc duitsiu cometecht dossom `it were little for thee (sic leg.) to be indulgent to him', Wb. 10c10 . ba b.¤ ṅdamsa mad buith cen chotlud tantum , Ml. 95d13 . Hence with neg. it is enough; an bhraid-sin nochar bheag dí `grief enough for her', Dán Dé ii 23 . ní beag dó dá chora i gcéill / an fhola féin i ló an Luain, Aithd. D. 100.33 . ní beag seal don bhaois, Dánta Gr. 102.2 . níor bheag aon aifrionn amháin do rádh ar gach n-anam a single mass would suffice, Eochairsg. 51.20 . cá b.¤ do ? is it not enough (for) ?: ca beag dóibh so do robhadh?, KMMisc. 352.3 . cár bheag dhuid aithmhéala inn ? `would not repentance satisfy thee ?' Aithd. D. 34.5 . cá beag sin dá chur i gcéill ? isn't that enough to make it clear ? Dánta Gr. 85.8 . is (ní) b.¤ la deems insufficient; thinks little of: is beic (g s.) lim in bríg sin ced molad ced tatháir domberaidsi domsa is beicc limsa a bríg `little do I care', Wb. 82d1 . as becc lem slechtain dó I think it beneath me to make obeisance to him, BNnÉ 13 § 13 . mó as beag lé burba na bhfear `small account did she (viz. Eamhain) make of', Content. xxx 35. fá beag leó . . . iad féin ┐ a sochar do bhuain don duine `they did not hesitate' (Vocab.), TSh. 3065. ní beg limm do biadh gu bráth / balad mo chráibi cáimhe, Anecd. i 34.23 . ná bad begc la hingin ríg hErenn feis lais that the daughter of the King of Ireland should deem it no small honour to sleep with him, BColm. 88.8 . doraid in saer nar' beg lais do shaegul usci do thoidecht docum in muilinn (= sufficit mihi vivere donec), RC xii 344 § 39. adubradarsan nar beg leo féin a fheabhus sin they thought that excellent (i.e. an offer of billeting), L. Chl. S. § 9.12 . is b.¤ ar thinks little of, considers insignificant; despises, dislikes: sgéal is beag ar a mbuachail, Ir. Syll. Poetry 29 § 3. is beg oram cáil na mban, Duan. F. i 85.31 . beg air imurro caingean na namad . . . uair ra dhlighsiot `he thought little of the doings of the enemies . . . for they were entitled to it', TFrag. 154.13 . is bec orumsa gach uile leiges lagtach isin cuis so acht clisteri (= abhorreo), Rosa Angl. 288.16 . gidh beg ormsa S., Ériu v 184.1 . an tí do dhéanadh math . . . dhóibh, go madh é budh lugha orra, Gadelica 38.65 . is lughaidi orum tú beth a t-[S]axanach . . . uair is don talam-sin in dias is lugha orum tainic riam, ZCP vi 87.21 . gidh ard thú ó threibh fhola, / dola i gclú leibh ní lugha you are just as intent on becoming famous, L. Cl. A. B. 215.20 .

In nn. loc.: in herinn bicc bebais `in Becc-Eriu', Fél. Apr. 23. Augustin Insi Bice, Lat. Lives 42.2 . See Hog. Onom.

In n. pr.: feil Brain Bic, Fél. May 18 .

Compds.

(a) With nouns. .x. mbuair . . . mbecalma, Ériu ii 4.11 . ¤baile: go mbeg-bailtip `villages', Fl. Earls 82.20 . ¤brat ina becbrataib `in his swaddling clothes´ Blathm. 34 . ¤déntaid `small worker ' (one of categories of wives with specific activities, see Stud. in E. Ir. Law 34.32 ): masa beccdentaidh, gunudh seiseadh no nomadh gnimha a fir aiccisi ann sein, Laws ii 410.7 Comm. issed da ní beccdentaidh dissi banaicidh (sic) uaidhsiumh ina aighidsi `what makes her a small worker is to have feminine implements supplied by him', 22 Comm. ¤dolb: (in rhetoric) iba srúaim sruthborr slán lam broind begdolb crú, LL 13860. ¤ecla of little fear . pn As epithet: Conaing B., ZCP viii 337.20 . ¤enech of small honour: comairge béldub b.¤ , Tec. Corm. 33.2 . ¤ḟola, small stock, cattle: .x. mbuair mbecfolad . . . glossed: .i. cáirigh nó gabhair nó dairt, Ériu ii 4.10 . ¤grend short-beard: Tuirenn Beggreann, Cóir Anm. ii § 159 . ¤ní a small thing, a trifle: dorindi in ridiri bagar ┐ becni do briathraibh Sir Gyi, ZCP vi 32.26 . ¤popul little (lowly) people: is cend daim for dartoid [.i.] mōrpersan for becphopul, O'Mulc. 753. ¤ṡaegal short life: gan uamhan báis nō begs[h]aogail, ML² 1189. ¤ṡed little interest, heed: teirce a-cách an creideamh cóir / beigsheadh ag cách san chanóin, DDána 57.1 . ¤ṡelb: i lennmhain a mbegṡelbha bó `their few cattle', Hugh Roe 84.20 . ¤ṡluag a small company, host: is doras bāls beg-s[h]luag, ML² 1384. With vn. ¤carthain: gan bhríogh i mbeag-charthain séad `paltry love of treasures', Content. xxix 13.

(b) With adjj. derived from nouns: ¤cíallda having little sense, weak-witted: boathán builidh beig-ciallda, TSh. 1721. ¤cosach short-stalked: (of a plant) luib b.¤ , ACL i 330 § 11 . ¤cridech small-hearted, hard-hearted: aderthar gurab duine cruaidh no beccchroidhech thu, Ériu v 138 § 124. ¤dígbálach of little harm: neithi iat sein . . . begdighbalacha, Irish Texts v 2 7. ¤eclach fearless: Conaing B., LL 2491. ¤ḟoltach having little substance, `inops': sochla brīg b.¤ , ZCP v 503.1 . ¤lachtach yielding little milk: comét in buair bec-lachtaig, Metr. Dinds. iv 338.26 . ¤menmnach dispirited: dobhí se go brónach begmhenmnach, Ériu v 196.33 . ¤náirech impudent, shameless: m'iaraidh-si do bhancheile led' bogbhriathraib begnaracha, ZCP vi 26.16 . ¤nertach having little strength, weak: biaid in bhuidhe becnertach (of a plague), SG 21.4 . ¤nertmar: don chriosdáidhe óg bhíos maoth beignertmhar, Ó Héodhusa 195.13 . ¤thuicsech feeble-witted: an téigentach bocht begthuigsech sin, Ériu v 166.34 . ¤uiscech: biaidh . . . an geimhreadh . . . beag-uisceach `scarce of water', Corp. Astron. 64.7 . Note also artificial compd. ¤máo: in b.¤ máo (? leg. becmáo) .i. is b.¤ as máo oldáusa .i. is b.¤ in derscugud gl. paruo maior quam ego, Sg. 45a15 .

Note also: muiti .i. mifothai . . . .i. b.¤ caithte a foghur, Auraic. 467.

(-mm) n, n. vn. of benaid, see GOI § 735. b.¤ m. and f., g s. and n p. béime, IGT Decl. § 45 (g s. ex. 572, d s. ex. 693).

(a) act of striking; cutting, hewing, taking (off, away), removing, stripping (clothes, etc.): beim a cinn fri cloich gl. capita petrís inlidant, Ml. 139c3 . la beim dom churp cuimnech `at the smiting of my mindful body', Fél.² Ep. 363. fo-loimetar a b.¤ cosna claidbib they threaten to smite him, BDD² 1206. ba b.¤ cride fri cliab leis (of fear), TBC-LL¹ 1038. iarna beím dó asa fremaib (of an oak), Sc.M² 18R . oc bēim ḟeda, TBC-I¹ 778. fertais carpait do bēimim (béim, LU), 780 . a chenn do bēim (bein, v.l.) de, Sc.M² 7. dixit cend Lomnae drūith īarna bēimeim de, Corm. Y 1018 (87.4) . iar mbeim a chind do Ch. `after striking off C.'s head', Ériu ii 30 § 13. a ndrisi ┐ a ndraigne do beim dib (of land), Laws i 128.9 Comm. im beim adbar droichit `cutting the materials for a bridge', 134.27 Comm. b.¤ .i. búain, O'Cl.

Special applications: sesem ic beim in cluic, Thes. ii 346.38 . oc b.¤ tened, BDD² 480. b.¤ spréde, 487 . tene an aonbeime .i. Aodh (see áed), Anecd. ii 52.1 . iar mbēim eiti when he flaps his wings, ZCP vii 310 § 7. dóṡuidigthi .i. cechtar nái foleith cen b.¤ foscdæ innalaill (gl. apposita) without (the one) casting a shadow on the other (of genders of oppidum and Suthul), Sg. 63a15 . íar bēim dei a lēned having taken off his tunic, TBC-I¹ 1387 . a etach . . . do beim do na corpaib, Laws i 176.7 Comm. ní maith lim-sa a manaig do bēim ar L. `to deprive L. of his monks', BColm. 84.16 . ? ni fess mo bunad ria beím `I know not my race to proclaim it', Ériu vii 225.19 .

(b) blow, stroke; cut: bemmen gl. ictús, Ml. 39c17 . bémen dígle . . . nímmalle act is cach ae fo leith .i. coic cethorchuit béimmen `blows of punishment . . . five forties of blows', Wb. 17d2 . ind mbemmi a glancing blow, LL 11091 ( TBC-LL¹ 4285 ). fer benas dam óenbeímmim `at a single blow' (Vocab.), Críth G. 557. is ē nobenfad a crand ōen bēim (óenbéimim, LU) dia bun, TBC-I¹ 339. b.¤ búirid fri teora sústa iarnae they strike a blow with three iron flails, BDD² 1270. co tarat beim ( la tabairt beimen, FB 39 Eg.), LU 8536. dobert b.¤ dind echfleisc dó, 3287 ( SCC 8 ). benaim bēimend ágmara / for slōg síabra, TBC-I¹ 1686 ( LU 6170 ). roben a teora mǣla Midi da thrī bēmennaib, TBC-I¹ 3603. in treas beimennd Fergusa . . . .i. na tri maola Midhi, it e na tri beimenna, Anecd. ii 52.13 . dá cét mbéimen for láma (of penitential exercises), Ériu i 197.5 . cin coisi, di bemium `crime of foot, by kicking', Laws i 238.11 . doradad iarsin b.¤ dara munel cor beanad a cheand de, RC xxiv 56.1 . beim co commus (one of Cú Chulainn's feats), Ériu iv 30.12 . beim fo clos `some kind of military exploit' (Plummer MS. notes), BB 488b22 . co mbeim léoman (rhetoric), LU 5442 , TBC-I¹ 966. bēimm dobeir nathair do neoch an adder's sting for someone, Bruchst. 22 § 48 ( IT iii 78 § 48 ). fri b.¤ n-aéla thrust (of a fleshfork into a cauldron), LL 38376 ( RC xiii 58 ). ráinic b.¤ ǽile fon choire do Conall, RC xxix 219.19 . B. breo betha buadaig / beim in æl airimh ænuigh, Lism. L. 3464. rus-bean bem da heirr `struck . . . with a stroke of its tail' (of a serpent), TTebe 2074 . gearraidh sí (i.e. a scythe) d'aon-bh. an feóithne ┐ an fochnagán, TSh. 2644.

Extended applications: Bemenda Branduib i mBreghaib (i.e. ` seven battles', ed.), RC xvii 163.12 . Bemenna B. i mBreaghaibh, AFM i 222.6 . brogais Bernsa b.¤ don maig `advanced a pace', Metr. Dinds. iii 92.39 . bēim graece bemandro .i. pasus (leg. passus), O'Mulc. 140. bēim didiu .i. césad nó foditiu (through confusion with Lat. passio ?), ibid. b.¤ .i. céim, O'Cl. bēim, cēim `a step', Eg. Gl. 717 (see Ériu xi 119) . beim beg do breathaibh crolighi annso (title of passage consisting of extracts from commentaries on Bretha Crólige, see Ériu xii 2 ), O'Curry 305 (H 3.18, 167). Cf. beimm cenelach lessom anisiu `this is a general remark (?),' Thes. ii 39.22 .

(c) In legal contexts determination, decision, definition, rule, statement (?): b.¤ .i. cinneadh, O'Cl. beim tuathi do nartaiched aicne .i. in cinnedh doní in tuath on aigne dia toirithín, O'Curry 444 (H 3.18, 238b). beim naillech nad nertad tuatha deter- mination, assertion (?) by oath, Laws i 232.1 (and 234.6 Comm.). beim nailliuch . . . .i. noill cinnti . . . .i. in luighe cinnedh (in tuath), O'D. 105 (H.3.17, 86). b.¤ sét ro slanaige tuathband, 576 (443). beim .i. cinne (leg. cinned, Stokes), beim sochaidi ro sluagaigh (leg. slanaigh) tuathbann .i. is cinne sochaidhi, O'Dav. 311. beim sochaidh ro slanaigh tuathbann .i. ro slanaigh in dliged so co obund is na tuathaib. Cail mar cuirfidh in bec sin re cheile. In beim annsa roscadh inand he ┐ in dliged ata sa fasach. In tobonn ata sa fasach is inand ┐ in beim mar in cetna, O'Curry 2113 (H.4.22, 79a). beim sochuir ro slánaigh tuathband ┐ do garar nos la curaibh cosmailsi, O'D. 533 (H. 3.17, 431) `the striking [?] of a good contract which public law validates', Plummer MS. notes. beim tairbe na tarrathar .i. bem so tairben cluais na tarruith nech adidceth, O'Curry 879 ( H 3.18, 394a ).

(d) In various special phrases: b.¤ n-asclaing see asclang. b. císa a rate (?) (levying ?) of tribute: ben do beim císa orainn, Lism. L. 3195 . Cf. (c) supra. b.¤ n-écndaig, cf. (e): ba ussa . . . a dilgud sein oldaas beim n-ecnaich for Dia `blasphemy of God', Ériu ii 122 § 63. See écndach. b.¤ forais (see forus): b.¤ foris inso sís uile all that follows is a laying down, or statement, of rules, Wb. 25c18 . aphorism: forus .i. forismus graece sermo breuis latine ipocrāit (?) no excerptio interpretatur unde dicitur adcomced beim foruis fair (see Gwynn, KMMisc. 183 ), Rawl. 108b36 , O'Mulc. 578. b.¤ súl(a) (see s.v. súil): gebis galur Dauid . . . tria béimm súla ┐ tria aídcell anfhoill, LB 129a15 . treisi an b.¤ súla iná sin the evil (?) (envious ?), eye can go further (lit. is stronger) than that (?), Bard. Synt. Tr. 219.17 .

(e) Fig. blow, stroke of feeling, emotion; reproach, offence (with FOR, AR); blemish, fault, disgrace: beim di omhon, Ériu ii 134 § 118. in bem dimecin dorat L. fair, BB 416a16 . dorat . . . aithis ┐ beim forsan coicedh n-uili, Sc.M² R 14 . benais M. b.¤ n-aisce fair reproached him, TBC-LL¹ 472. beim ar a ecna `offence à sa science', RC xxiv 377.29 . b.¤ .i. égnach no toibhéim, O'Cl. , Eg. Gl. 718. is b.¤ ar inchaib na h-atharda, MR 300.31 . fagail beime ni dual di she should not receive reproach, ZCP ii 337.22 . ní b.¤ ar Bh. `no reproach to B.', TD 6. 17 . le a dtréithibh gan bh.¤ ar bioth, Hackett lv 13 . ná bíodh 'na bh.¤ air ar n-obadh, IGT Decl. ex. 693. buain béime ar mo bhogha-sa `that you have undertaken to revile my bow', Content. xxiv § 22 .

Compd. ¤scrisad: do bhéimsgriosadh . . . le tréan-thuile mhóir violently snatched away, O'Rah. 44.5.

n u, m. béd m. g s. -a, IGT Decl. § 95.

(a) deed, us. in unfavourable sense deed of violence, crime, misdeed, injury: bēt a betula (.i. uirgo sine custodia interpretatur ) .i. ōg scēlach amnārech et inde dicitur duine bētach, Corm. Y 178 (cf. petulo, petulans, petulcus ?). bet a betula (.i. virgini siue cusdos) .i. ara minci pudrae do mnāibh, O'Mulc. 144. Eōin bicc baile .i. pōic ┐ meirtrech Eoin baili .i. bet ┐ mebul, nó póc ┐ pudhair, ZCP viii 107 n.4 . béd .i. gniomh, O'Cl. co ndernasom b.¤ ( béit, TBC-I¹ 486 ) n-aile played another prank (?), LU 4975. a bēta its achievements (of Ireland), Ériu iv 162 § 26. D. cen b.¤ cen bine / fuair éc `without violence or crime', Arch. Hib. ii 85 § 37. (of a spear-cast) nocon fetur sochla set / in buaid dorignius no in bet `unlucky deed' (Vocab. SC2), LU 3861. dorigenæ atech a tigh ind ríg bet mar (i.e. broke the king's precious cup), Vita Br. 32. cia bet asrubart whatever foolish thing I (may) have said, 30 . nāch bēt (: éc; beth, MS.) dot c[h]ēill cāiniudh geōidh? is it not an offence to thy sense ? Fianaig. 42.2 . ar mbeta .i. ar pecctha, Thes. ii 351.31 (Hy. vi Comm.). riasiu tecma bet no pudar, 46 . In cheville: ro bo béad `'twas wrong', Magauran 621 .

(b) Also in passive sense misfortune, calamity, loss, sorrow: a Brigit, bennach ar sét / nachar táir b.¤ ar ar cúairt (`evil', RC xiii 116 § 161 ), LL 39211. fa b.¤ in ní dorónad lá déidhinach in chatha .i. a badadh Caeil, Acall. 833. gé dorat brón is béd di, SG 68.35 . In cheville: anba an béd, IGT Decl. ex. 1075.

Compds. bétbríathrach `hurtful in word', Cóir Anm. 263. bétblaid mbrath, SG 84.43 . beim bedgnimach bais, ZCP vi 275.12 . béd-leomhan hero , Ériu ix 4.23 . [gár] bheag a bhéad-daoire dhí (viz. to Ireland), A. Ó Dálaigh liii 4.

n ā, f. Inflected GOI 183. In PH fairly freq. with -ú- in syncopated forms. buidhean f., IGT Decl. § 54.

Band, group, collection of persons; of warriors troop, company (in two exx. specifically of footsoldiers): ho buidnib gl. copis, Ml. 34c15 . buidnea gl. cuneos, 112b9 . inna buidnea gl. turmae, 62b14 . 112b7 . torb quasi turba .i. b.¤ no numerus , Corm. 42 = Corm. Y 1218. buden quasi poden, pos enim graece pess interpretatur ar is for cois bis in b.¤ , O'Mulc. 170. buidhne aingel = choros, Lat. Lives 104 § 100. sech drongu .i. sech buidne, Thes. ii 325.35 . i ṁbuidnib, Fél. Ep. 295. comarbae buidne, LU 3384 ( SCC 17 ). cach buden immá túsech, 8103 ( FB 7 ). is for cois bis in b.¤ , YBL 422a40 ( Trip. clxxix 25 ). tre buidnib ban mbōeth, Ériu iii 14 § 3. Muire dá mbé ar mo bhuidhin on my side, DDána 40.24 . in began buidhni, Stair Erc. 1188. triallaid . . . d'aon-bhuidhin in a body, Keat. i 204.34 . bude(i)n becc marcach, Ann. Conn. 1406.4 .

With follg. numeral: ríi b.¤ . . . secht cét cacha buidne, Críth G. 457 `king of bands', each b.¤ containing 700 men, appar. the contingent supplied by each túath , p. 104 . buden cóic cét déc, CRR 47. do bhíodh tríochad i mbuidhin an ollaimh, Keat. iii 1223. Note also: na regad chenel C. tar buidin, Trip.² 1713.

As dat. of accompaniment: tanic L. . . . budin trí chét oclách, CRR 49. Hence in chevilles: d p. buidnib bann, ACL iii 223.25 . buidnib blá, SR 3423. buidnib dér, LL 13846. buidnib sel, 23274 ( CRR 57 ). buidnib sét, ZCP viii 108.11 .

Less freq. of things: in b.¤ buaball, IT iii 70 §§ 22 , 19 ( Bruchst. 16 § 30 ). b.¤ do rāpēroip `a collection ', Fl. Earls 100.y .

In later lang somet. in quasi-pronominal use: an bhuidhin bhíos gan neart the weak , Dán Dé xxv 18 . don bhuidhin dhlighes etc. = unto those who, RSClára 108b . b.¤ do cleirchibh . . . b.¤ eile . . . an tres b.¤ some . . . others . . . others, TFrag. 110.17 .

Compds. ? b.¤ choisc: gl. kerethi; gl. pelethi, mirabiles (names of warrior bands) Études Celt. xxii 211 § 28, 29 . ? do bráth buiden-glas, Fél.² clxxii 40. buidheantsluagh, Oss. iii 174.16 .

n iā, f. (clam)

(a) leprosy (see Ir. Hist. Stud. vi 186 - 8 : scabies : gareb .i. scapies (.i. c.¤) interpretatur , O'Mulc. 620 . im digbail do c.¤ dit, Vita Br. 25 . rosgab claimi, ro soi dath, SR 4641 . ara íc don c.¤ (of Naaman), LU 2670 . th'ícc don ch.¤ = lepra, Lat. Lives 72.7 . c.¤ a cind, IT iii 84 § 71 . loissi . . . na c.¤ , O'Dav. 1364 . ba lan do claimi ín cet[ḟ]echt rocuir imach hi. In fecht eli ba gleglan (of the hand of Moses), BB 239b39 . lubhra nó claimhe, Keat. ii 5025 . asé an claimhe ad-chonncais, Beatha S. F. 842 . Fig. claimhe na coire, TSh. 2570 .

(b) In vaguer sense, debility, infirmity : cotorchair cumha ┐ troige ┐ c.¤ mor fa[i]rsium, ZCP i 103.17 .

(c) Of cattle etc., mange : is iat na galair tecmaisacha mael-garb .i. in claimhe, O'Curry 657 ( H 3.18, 320 ). is iat na galair buna .i. . . . claimhe ┐ idhigh do ghabruibh, 1103 ( 447a ). don c.¤ .i. dein uinnimint di (a disease of horses), Celtica ii 42.130 .

adj silent , according to Cormac, Corm. Tr. p. 62 : dam hebraice damae enim tacens interpretatur .

ind an exclamation or asseveration constantly used by S. Patrick. debroth, Ardm. 6 b 1 . Thes. ii 310. 26 . Corm. s.v. mo d . Acall. 6648 . MacCongl. 15. 16 ; 83. 9 . O'Don. Sup. s.v. mo d.¤ de brot, Corm. l.c. (v.l.). débródh, Trip. 168. 14 . débroth, LB 27 b 3 . MacCongl. 45. 18 ; 61. 3 ; 67. 3 . debrod, Ardm. 7 a 2 . debro, Trip. 56. 6 (H 3. 18). debhroth, BB 208 a 41 . debródh, Trip. 56. 6 . — debrath, Thes. ii 290. 11 (Sg). H 3.18, 69 b . O'Mulc. 296 . debhrath, Todd Nenn. 182. 8 . debrad, Lism. L. 2246 . LB 251 a 5 . MacCarthy 436. 1 (BB). Fen. 214. 17 . debhradh AFM ii 652. 8 . debra, LL 193 b 51 (uncertain).

Rhymes with menman : dorata Dia debradh dúin : are rit ar menman mín, ZCP vi 266 § 10 ; with celebrad : co dered domain debrad : nocha bia gan celebrad, Fen. 214. 17 ; with delbda, LL 193 b 51 . In Debide : debrod : clod, ACC § 52 .

By the grammarians explained in various ways.

(a) usually explained as = Dia brátho God of judgment Thes. ii 310. 26 . Trip. 56. 6 (H 3. 18, ACL iii 16 § 36 ).

(b) already by Cormac connected with the Welsh formula min doiu braut `by God of the judgment' : mo debroth (v.l. luide mo de brot .i. mo dia brata) ol Patraic quod Scotici dicunt corrupte. síc hoc dici debet .i. muin doíu braut .i. muin didiu is meus. in díu is deus. in braut is judex .i. meus deus judex , Corm. s.v. mo d .

(c) as a Hebrew word. debrath ebraice. brath loquella. debrath didiu délabrath, O'Mulc. 296 .

(d) debrath .i. brath indsce. debrath didiu .i. deil a brath, H 3.18, 69 b .

(e) the explanation given in Colgan's Trias Thaum. p. 53 and 59 is due to misunderstanding of the passage in Ardm. 7 a 2 ( Trip. 292. 26 ).

(f) understood as degbriathar, Acall. 6648 (Franc. A 4 73 a ). See now Ériu lix 139-51 .

The rhymes with menman and celebrad (v. supra) do not necessarily prove original short -e-. Débroth the doom of God would be an ordinary cpd. of dia and bráth (u- stem), the latter passing into -broth in enclisis as scáth > scud (foscud, d sg.), gním > gnom. Mo d.¤ , dar mo d.¤ by the doom that God will pass on me on the day of Judgment. It seems the Irish equivalent of W. `min doiu braut,' not an adaptation of it. In `mo d.¤ ,' debroth is probably the dative.

(a) mo debroth seems the oldest formula : ` cui irascens Sanctus Patricius cum maledictione dixit : mudebrod male fecisti. nusquam proficiat tibi ager in aeternum , Ardm. 7 a 2 . et ait S. Patricius mudebroth quamuis laboraueritis nec tamen proficiat , ib. 6 b 1 = Trip. 289. 24 (transformed by Trias Thaum. 53 into`modebroth quod interpretatur quod non laboratis non proderit vobis '). mo debroth ol P., Corm., v. supra.—With strengthening om : mo debroth um ar Patraic bidh Hí Raduib do tṡíl trét umalóit, Acall. 6648 . — atbiur mo debroth...noco fesser cid fil and noco nérus, MacCongl. 15. 16 (analogically after atbiursa mo bréithir, &c.).

(b) dar mo debroth : asbert Patraic fris dar mo de broth is tualaing Dia sen mad áil dó. genus iuramenti sen la Patraic ac si diceret dar mo Dia bratha (which Trias Thaum. l.c. 4 transl. `per Deum meum Judicem sive judicii'), Thes. ii 310. 26 . dar mo debrod, ACC § 52 . darmo debródh ( débroth, LB 27 b 3 , debro, H 3.18 ) ol P. isind ulċ atá do chumachta, Trip. 56. 6 (H 3. 18 and LB add `.i. dar mo dia bratha (mbr. LB),' ACL iii 16 § 36 ).— dar mo debhrath ar Luirich (son of Sarran) is calma form in peata...andas in Coimdhe dia nadhair, Todd Nenn. 182. 8 .— dar mo debroth i fiadnaise in dúileman ba maith lium co rísaind a dochum in dúnaid sin, MacCongl. 83. 9 . darom débroth...ní bether co bráth, ib. 61. 3 .

(c) dom debroth: dom débroth fullfi friss, MacCongl. 45. 18 ; ib. 67. 3 .

(d) fom debroth: bam débroth, MacCongl. 57. 17 .

(e) a debroth: missi a debrad am fer sean (in verse) YBL 108 b 19 ( Ériu iv 150. 19 ).

(f) debroth alone, only in poetry: debrath nom choimmdiu cóima, Thes. ii 290. 11 (Editors' transl. is impossible; d.¤ perhaps abs. dat. `when the judgment of God is being passed,' i.e. on the day of Judgment, or an exclamation). roláis díot Feardia na ndrong: debhradh is crúaidh do choṁlann, Mil na mB. 27 l. 398 . muir nard nainbthech seoch a tæb: debrad nocha rígda dúil, Lism. L. 2246 . co dered domain debrad (: celebrad), Fen. 214. 17 . rocráided muintir Thomair: i niarthar domain debhradh by God's doom the race of T. was destroyed in the western world AFM ii 652. 15 (A.D. 942). Daminis debrad is tír, BB 51 a 47 ( MacCarthy 436. 1 ). dorata Dia debradh dún: are rit (= frit) ar menman mín (g s.) ZCP vi 266 st 10 .

ind d.¤ interpretatur puto , Corm. Y 463 . doich a verbo docho puto , H 2.16, col. 100 . Cf. doich.

adj (dóich ?) Mid.Ir. dóig ( doaig, Cáin Ad. § 46 v.l., RC xxv 35.36 ; dóig: Róim, Gorm. March 14 ; dáig: cāid, Gorm. Feb. 21 ). Acc. to Pedersen Vgl. Gr. i 494 , ii 666, orig. same word as 1 toich and developed from it through nasalization in the common O.Ir. formula in doich? is it likely? perhaps ; a view contested by Thurn., IF Anz. xxvii 17 , Bergin, ZCP vii 513 , Meyer, Ériu vi 109 . Confusion could also have arisen after -s of copula (1 is). In O.Ir. glosses written doich, doig, compar. dochu, but dóig, Sg. 30a8 .

I

(a) As adj. likely, probable, to be expected: docho interpretatur puto, unde doig dicitur , Corm. Y 463 . tri sethracha góa: béss, dóig, toimtiu, Triads 136 . Used with cop. (expressed or understood) and followed by subord. clause (in O.Ir. without conjunction and with rel. form of vb.), or occas. by vn. clause: doig bas fír it is likely that it will be true, Wb. 5d36 . in doich side do? náde ní d.¤ is it likely of Him? Nay, it is not likely, 4b14 . in doich bid ar for mrath? is it likely that it will be to cheat you? 18a15 . ba doig bed n-ingcert in testimin-so probably this text is corrupt, Ml. 61b15 . menip dóig bes marb in gein, Ériu ii 208 § 32 . iss dóich dot-ícfaither, TE § 9 Eg. ( IT i 124 ). in dóig bát dom éligud-sa ón?, LU 3277 ( SCC § 7 ). in doig bad ē Conchobar? Nach doich, TBC-I¹ 2758 . is doigh is gar bás dam, ZCP vi 25 . is doig indisfit dún an ní . . ., PH 3758 . (Compar.) is dochu do quam contempnere , Wb. 4b14 . is docha as misi it is more likely it is I, Fél. 154 . With vn. clause: in doich epert det-siu `perchance thou mayst say', Wb. 5b29 . doig a mbith fo aengne, SR 2891 . na nethe-si as bud doig algus a [n]dénma things likely to excite a desire of doing them, PH 7795 . nocha docha h'ērghe-si nō (= nā) do beth marb amārach, ZCP x 48 . is dóthcha a beith ag fiaduch, ITS xix 88 . With conjunction: dóig combad ó Dia thísta, LL 117b6 . cenēl n-arba . . . ba doig co mbad é in corci, O'Mulc. 848 . ni cosmail conid tria spirut inglain . . . is dochu conid tria shualchi Dé, PH 2597 . Compar. with DE: is dochaiti conidh fír uair is é M. roscribh it is all the more likely to be true, Anecd. ii 36 § 21 . Rarely referring to a personal subject: ba-sam dóig guin do chnis | daig ind echta dorighnis I was likely to wound, I was near wounding (?), Anecd. i 13.5 . dia ndiglad nech iarna ecaib meite co mbad Mælodrán bad dochom do i n-Herind if anyone should wreak vengeance (?) after death . . . M. would be the most likely to do so (of all) in Ireland (?), Hib. Min. p. 78 = bid he M. bud docha, Rawl. 512 . drem as dóig diar ndínón likely to protect us, Gorm. March 14 .

is d.¤ limm I think it likely, it seems to me: dóig linn bed n-acuit, Sg. 30a8 . cate in tarb . . . in doig lat? Doig leam bad i ndiamraib Slebe C. nobeith, TBC-I¹ 883 . ba dóig la C. ba hí Medb bói and, TBC-LL¹ 1560 . doigh lesi ba codlud don aigid (= illa putavit hospitem dormire), Lat. Lives 69 . fodéma ní nach dóig latt, PH 1564 . mac . . . leis nach doigh fer a choisc da faghail who does not expect to find anyone able to overcome him, ZCP vi 29 . dochóidh i n-ionadh erdhalta in roba dóigh lais semus dia shaighidh, AFM v 1726 . Rarely with DO in this sense: dóigh dhamh bá machtna leis an ridire, ZCP xii 396 .

(b) Folld. by LA likely (in sense of likeable); desirable, an object of liking: a sense which seems confined to compar., where dochu alternates with tochu (toich): micc na muirech . . . ni huatha[ib] tṡáilim sochar | is docho lim Issucán, Fél. 44 ( Fél. Jan. 15 ). is e ba docha . . . la Dia do dóinib domain, LB 113b14 . Iesau robo docho le hIsac, BB 236a41 = ba tochu, LB 113b33 . issí is dochu lind do mnaib Erenn, Acall. 2793 . is docha la Dubthach in chumal . . . inú-sa, Fél. 66 . ní dochaidi linn hé a bheith 'na anmcarait ag C. we do not like him any the better for being . . ., Lism. L. 4793 (= ni tochaite, v.l.).

(c) proper, right (?) (cf. 1 toich): ni dóig immurgu sacrific . . . iterum fri degenca it is not proper (?) to repeat the Sacrament, Mon. Tall. § 56 (text doubtful).

II Hence in Mid. and later Ir. as subst. (f.) IGT Decl. § 14 . opinion, conjecture, supposition: dóigh .i. baramhail, O'Cl. doigh .i. fiadhnaise deise, ib. ? nocon doigh ata in test ecnai doberar for G. G's reputation for wisdom is not a matter of mere opinion (but founded on fact), ZCP xii 371.19 .

Esp. in phrases: dom d.¤ methinks, I daresay, in my opinion ; dar nd.¤ most likely, verily, surely: ní ro maith é dom dóith, O'Gr. Cat. 267.24 . anocht dom dhóigh ní mór mo dhíghnit, Keat. Poems 1596 . dar ndóigh is dearmad 's ní locht, Content. vi 100 . dar ndóich as aislin[g] do chonnairc tú, RC xxiii 10 . i nd.¤ in the belief (that), on the supposition (that): ní benuit crann . . . a ndōigh anma do beith inntibh, Marco P. 179 . do gab eccla R. ┐ O. a ndoigh nach fetfuidis cosnum risna págánachu, Fier. 211 . rithid . . . do ligin an cuslinn a ndoigh co madh fiuchad lennan do beth acu in case it should be, 23 F 19, 16va29 .

(b) hope, expectation, confidence: dóigh, dóchas, muinighin, Eg. Gl. 232 . atá dóigh agam . . . go bhféadfam dul tar na guaisibh sin, TSh. 9628 . an bhetha shiordhuidhe d'iarraidh ┐ doigh sheasmhach a faghala, Luc. Fid. 71 . a Íosa, a mo dhóigh, Parrth. Anma 21 . Folld. by prep. A(S): do bi do doigh as naomhtacht Mháodocc aicce such was his trust in M.'s sanctity, BNnÉ 274 . fa mór dóigh Robeird a lāim ┐ a glicus Muiris, Expugn. Hib. § 6 . triúr as a ndlighfidhe dóigh, Content. iv 26 . dóigh gaisgidh . . . níor dhéanta dhuit asat féin, xviii 33 . fer . . . as ar mó dóigh daoine da raibe beo a man of whom greater expectations had been formed, AFM vi 2058 .

i nd.¤ in hopes, in expectation (of, that), folld. by gen., RE (= FRI) or clause introd. by CO N-: nā bith āthus ort . . . a ndoigh mo grādha-sa d'faghail, ZCP vi 28 . i ndóigh an pheacaidh do ruagadh uatha, TSh. 8962 . i ndóigh ré síoth, 10918 . triallais leo i ndóigh ré tathfann na nGall a hEirinn, Keat. iii 5095 . i ndóigh go bhfuighbheadh fosgadh . . . ón doininn, TSh. 2560 . ag deunamh urnaighthe . . . i ndóigh go ndiongnadh Dia trócaire uirthe, Eochairsg. 89 . ar d.¤ (id.): rocumdaigead cathoir fo talmain lais ar doigh nā faicid se tir nā talumh, Todd Nenn. 188 .

cuirid d.¤ i n- puts trust in, hopes in: do chuir sé a dhóigh a nDia, Psalms xxii 8 . an tí chuireas a dhóigh i nduine, TSh. 618 . cuir h'uile dhoigh . . . am Mac, Fl. Earls 116 .

do-gní d.¤ de forms expectations of, builds hopes on (usually in sense of hoping to attain or overcome): ní gnáth dóigh do dhéiniomh dhí to hope to win anything of her (Leinster), O'Gr. Cat. 500 . dorónsat a bidbaidh dóigh de formed hopes of defeating him, Expugn. Hib. § 14 . fíor-fhlaith ní déantar dhé dóigh `the prince is thought too strong to touch', Content. xviii 120 .

Hence a ground of hope , and with gen. a likely or hopeful subject (for): ní dóigh d'aon ar n-agallmha no one has any chance in disputing with us, Content. viii 20 . díbheargaigh nach dóigh i dtroid whom there is no hope of overcoming, ib. note. guidhim Dia nach dóigh breige who is not likely to deceive (who is unlikely to be deceived?), 3 C 1 2, 387.1 . Tuath Dé nar dhoigh mbíodhbhadh enemies likely to be conquered, 3 C 13, 764.11 .

d.¤ ar chance, opportunity: robhiodh fein ┐ F. ag comhaontughadh re chéle gach uair dogheibhdis doig air, Ériu iv 57 (cf. follg.).

(c) suspicion, conjecture, hint, cognizance (of someth. hidden) usually folld. by AR: má berait dóig dochom neich if they suspect anyone, Cáin Ad. § 46 . fuair doigh [eolus, v.l.] aran ccuas ina raibhe an naomh, BNnÉ 157 . fuair C. doigh ar chogar na ceilge sin got wind of, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 42 . cuirthear i bhfolach é ┐ fuaradar na hamaide dóigh air traced him, Keat. ii 5979 .

(d) Hence manner, fashion, way, condition: ar in dóig i bhfuilir anois, SG 295.31 . maithim dod dhóigh dhíoghraisigh `thy anxious state', A. Ó Dálaigh lii 1 . mar leomhan ag iarraidh dóighe ar ar slugadhne seeking an opportunity, Carswell 65 . doigh .i. modh `a mode, manner', P. O'C.

n f. g s. ailite, LU 64a5 . eillte, Ir. Monthly 1921, 115 . n p. elt, LL 265a 14 . eillti, Cóir Anm. 26 . eillte GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 227 . Keat. ii 2785 . eilit, Job xxxix 1 . a p. eillti, Trip. 72.10 = elte, Todd Lect. v 22.7 . g p. ellt, Anecd. ii 30.18 . eillteadh, IGT, Decl. 662 .

A doe, hind: ailit cona loeg = cervam cum vitulo suo Todd Lect. v 16.6 = Trip. 230.22 . elit elifia (= ἐλάφεια) graece cervina interpretatur , O'Mulc. 385 . port hi fuirsitis innelit, Thes. ii 242.5 = Trip. 346.6 . issidi noblighed na heillti, Trip. 72.10 ( Todd Lect. v 22.7 ). Acall. 6582 . cétt damh n-allta ra cēd n-ellti, Anecd. ii 30.18 . an oss cona elet, BColm. 60.27 . masat elti glenna garba, LL 265a14 = MU 22.5 . laoigh breca a broinn oiss-eillti, Ériu vii 197.7 . mar elit d'éis a láeicch a doe bereft of her fawn ACL iii 305 iv § 3 . Job xxxix 1 . eilid, Jeremiah xiv 5 . sdéd gán dóich urraim na n-eillteadh a steed whom the deer are like to respect (i.e. it will excel them in speed) IGT, Decl. ex. 662 .

Fig., of a lively, nimble person: oc tofund na ailite ucut ConCulaind, LU 64a5 (= TBC-I¹ 781 ). TBC-LL¹ 2091 .

v ā

I Interprets: pres. ind. s. 3 ní etarcérta Dia `God does not interpret' Thes. i 4.38 . pres. subj. s. 3 co etercerta a n-asbera provided he interpret what he says Wb. 12c32 . pass. pres.: inni is psalmus is lus vel imnus eterchertar `psalmus' is, being interpreted, `laus' or `hymnus' Hib. Min. 1.6 . ised etercertar, 9.300 , 310 . ised etercertur , 9.309 . ised eitirchertar , 9.303 . pass. imper. (?) etarcertar oinfer inchrud sin let one man be interpreted (? gl. et unus interpretatur ; Pedersen Vgl. Gr., ii 4853 = would read etarcertad) Wb. 13a6 .

II Decides, determines: fut. rel. s. 3 ni ba misi etercertfus duid, YBL 185b15 = iter-certbus, IT iii 200.30 (BB). etarcertsat uime `they decided the case' IT iii 202.9 . vn. etercert q.v.

n o, m. n s. fer, Sg. 190b3 , Wb. 10b23 , 11c17 , 22c9 . fear, IGT, Introd. § 151 . v s. fir, Wb. 10a10 . a s. fer, 9d16 ; 31 . 10a3 ; 9 . fear, IGT, Introd. § 75 . g s. fir, Wb. 13a12 . LU 3453 . 7085 IGT, Decl. § 65 . d s. fiur, Wb. 3c8 . 10b22 . 22c9 . Ml. 34d6 . Sg. 66a6 . (in MSS of the Mid. Ir. period often spelt fir: LU 8722 . Hib. Min. 14.472 . PH pass. IGT. Decl. § 65 . Early Mod. fior, IGT, Introd. § 73 . §81 . Keat. iii 2535 . TSh. pass. ) n p. fir, Wb. 22c10 . IGT, Decl. § 65 . a p. firu, Sg. 28a6 . LU 7529 . fira, YBL 123ay . IGT, Decl. § 65 . fiora, IGT, Introd. § 78 , § 151 . BNnÉ 104.36 . TSh. 7248 . g p. fer LU 7084 . d p. feraib, Wb. 12d40 . LU 7524 . fearaib, IGT, Decl. § 65 . (feir n s. Wb. 13a6 , a s. 13a20 , g p. 22c10 is merely an odd spelling).

(a) a man (as opp. to a woman): gl. mas Sg. 156b3 ; gl. vir Ir. Gl. 395 . f.¤ a uiro , O'Mulc. 519 . is e in duine cómlan in f.¤ ┐ in ben, PH 5720 . corp na mna no in fhir, 7425 . eter fhir ┐ mnai, 564 . iter mnai ┐ firu 2796 . bása mac la maccu; ba fer la firu, LU 9336 . in n-uair ropo thressiu flaith firu when ale proved stronger than men (acc. for dat.) LL 173a29 ( CRR 13 ). dorochair coíca láech lais ┐ dorochair f.¤ cach ḟir dia muntir a man for each man (i.e. the same number) TFerbe 675 . regaid f.¤ dar f.¤ ScM. § 15 . edhbrais é féin, fioru, macca, mna do Dhia BNnÉ 292.33 . notmuirfider fein feraib macaib mnaibh, Ériu v 154. 133 . cu ro aīnitis uile feraib maccaib mnaib PH 6309 . Used of Deity: F.¤ cotnic brath, MacCarthy 24.16 . don fhir do cum neam ┐ talma[i]n, ZCP vi 87.15 . a Fhir na ndúl, Dán Dé xxix 30 .

Often taking the place of a pronoun: faith cach f.¤ dinaib feraib hí siu each of these men was a prophet Wb. 12d40 . etarcertar oinfer in chrudsin (gl. unus interpretatur ) 13a6 . is f.¤ a ddiis one out of two (explaining Lat. uter) Sg. 75b7 . gabaid cach f.¤ díb rind a claidib ..., LU 7089 . da brathair ... f.¤ díb for Temraig ┐ f.¤ for Lagnib one of them ... the other TBC-LL¹ 50 . f.¤ is deichnemor diop eleven of them Fl. Earls 96.24 . ocht rígh 's ceithre fichid fear eighty-eight kings TD 7.49 .

(b) a husband (opp. to ben `wife'): a f.¤ dligid her lawful husband Wb. 3c7 . do fiur indligid, 3c8 . mad co techt di co fer `if it comes to her going to a husband' 9d32 . dorat Hiruath grád di, intan ba beo a f.¤ fen, PH 832 . tuccastair a mac fein cuíce d'fir as husband MacCarthy 288.22 . aoighe mná nach mair a fear, TD 11.32 . Possibly in this sense in poetry folld. by gen. of place-name in addressing a chief e.g. a ḟir Eithne, TD 1.45 (see note), but cf. end of (c).

(c) freq. folld. by a gen. of definition or description: Find f.¤ Umaill (= Umall's son) Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 14.8 (cf. Aenfer Aife, Ériu i 124 ). co f.¤ ṅDe the man of God PH 1363 . fir nime ┐ soscela Crist (i.e. churchmen ) Laws iv 210.7 .

f.¤ fine a tribesman, relative (within a certain degree) ii 282.7 . f.¤ fiadhnaisi rígh one entitled to be in the king's presence Acall. 2362 . f.¤ gualann righ one entitled to sit beside the king 2361 . f.¤ leptha ríg a king's bedfellow 7752 . f.¤ lethlamha rígh (expl. of patric = patricius), CCath. 63 . f.¤ lāime `perpetrator' (operator) Laws i 244.1 Comm. With abstr. noun: is tú f.¤ aurbága fil la Ultu, LU 8147 ( FB 11 ). f.¤ comtha a companion PH 2630 . v s. a fir chumtha, KMMisc. 242 . rem fear cadaigh ┐ cumainn my confederate and comrade TBC-LL¹ 3115 St. f.¤ comlainn cet a match for a hundred 3883 St. f.¤ in braith the traitor PH 5131 . f.¤ éicne a man of violence 7600 . f.¤ na sáinnte the covetous man 7727 . Esp. to denote an occupation or calling (often in stereotyped phrases, the pl. being formed by áes or lucht): f.¤ tige sáet [ = sét] (gl. arcarius) Wb. 7c9 . fear aire a watchman Kirk s. fīs ( Eg. Gl. 299 ). f.¤ altrama a fosterer , see Laws ii 184.14 . f.¤ bleithe miller (?); grinder (?): saer ┐ fer bleithi ┐ fer muilind, CIH i 287.2 . fear bratuighe a standard-bearer AFM vi 2272.4 . Isaiah x 18 . f.¤ baile visionary: ba síd fir buile, Celtica xix 40 § 1 . f.¤ cerdda a craftsman RC xxvi 44.2 . f.¤ dána a poet CRR 30 . fear dlighidh lawyer Titus iii 13 . f.¤ eclasa churchman Laws v 132.4 . f.¤ fiadaig a hunter Fianaig. 56.31 . f.¤ fognama serving-man Laws ii 390z . f.¤ forcsi spy LU 5404 . fear friotuil, mînighte `an Interpreter ' Kirk ( Eg. Gl. 278 ). f.¤ grād a man in orders Laws v 132.4 . f.¤ inaid a deputy; d'fior ionaid a bprionnsa, AFM vi 2116.16 . f.¤ léighinn a professor , one of the six officers of a monastery ZCP iv 234 . coibnius hi fer léighinn ib. ` lector ' AU 1034 , 1040 , 1042 , etc. f¤ muilinn miller: saer ┐ fer bleithi ┐ fer muilind, CIH i 287.2 . f.¤ uird rainne dispenser, butler TBC-LL¹ 134 . f.¤ spirdo (spirto ?) diviner ( ZCP xxvii 65 ): imaicci fer spirdo laim Chuirc, Anecd. iii 57.17 . f.¤ suic ploughman Laws i 194.26 . f.¤ suirge a lover RC xxxii 134 . fer tecuisc a teacher , one of the six officers of a monastery ZCP iv 234 . f.¤ tige a husbandman, house-holder: fear tighe (synon. with túathannach), Kirk s.v. criadhaire ( Eg. Gl. 111 ). fear an tighe host TD 12.8 . is cóir dona fearaib tighe ... a mbeangáin do scathadh husbandmen Corp. Astron. 46.20 . f.¤ tíre a landowner : dotét fer tíre co fíadnaib lais ... for tí inna mbech 'the owner of the land comes in pursuit of the bees accompanied by witnesses', Bechbretha 189 (e)​ . Folld. by vn. phrase: f.¤ brithe lésboiri a candle-bearer, acolyte Wb. 25d3 . f.¤ dénma bairgine (gl. pistor) Sg. 184b3 . do fir fert[h]ana na cneidhe the inflicter of the wound Laws iii 368.5 . fear a furtochta her deliverer TD 1.39 . fear tabhartha an dlighe lawgiver Numbers xxi 18 . In sense of owner, possessor: ig fir in craind ... ig fir na mbeach, Laws iv 188 Comm. Cf. Fer baile na gcerd .i. Maoilre Búrc; Fer baile úi Bharra .i. Séfrún, Caithr. Thoirdh. i 161 .

(d) in pl. folld. by gen. of place, inhabitants: fir betho, Ml. 16c5 . di feraib Herend nach di feraib betha BDD 94 . rí fer Fáil, LU 2811 . tar cenn fer in betha, Fél. Ep. 414 . fir domain, PH 1074 . fir in airthair ... fir in tuaiscirt, 5381 . f.¤ in tside men of the sídhe, elves BDD 3 . fir hÉrenn, Hy ii 52 , cf. TBC-LL¹ 499 ; 659 . cethra fer nAlban IT i 74.2 . la firu Herend fri firu Alban, BDD 106 . fir Ulad IT i 138.1 . fir Saxan, TD 16.2 . Commonly used to form tribal names (often applied to territory as well as people, the word fir being inflected), e.g. Fir Bolg, Fir Domnand. Fir Galeoin, Fir Manach, etc.; Fir Ól n-écmacht. See Hog. Onom. s.v. Fir; Rawl. Index.

(e) transf. of things or animals; f.¤ fidchilli chessman LU 9073 ( FB 82 ). cindas gontar ind fir ? how are the men taken ? (at chess) Ériu v 32.19 . Of a drinking-horn: f.¤ uaine, corn do bhí ac Finn ... f.¤ tuillidh corn Glais, Acall. 151 ; 154 . Of a bird: f.¤ fann ... focain aird ucht, RC v 202.10 . rinn binn buide fir duib druin, Murphy Lyrics 6 § 6 . céola fer mbrundederg forglan, Ériu xxii 51 , cf. Murphy Lyrics 16 § 24 . ecal fer | fann fet, Ériu xxii 43 § 14 . Of a fish: cend fir tuinde (glossed caput piscis) Hib. Min. 47.19 . Cf. fer tuinn[e] .i. brattan a salmon O'Dav. 1014 . Exceptionally of animals to denote sex: ar geig on fir torrach in banēn, Hy Maine 103 vb24 . bainéan ... ┐ dias ḟear a hen-bird and two cocks TD 15.26 . In the name of a bird , see eiden(n). Humorously applied to butter, ib. 37.6 .

(f) in gramm., person: cētfear illda sumus .i. atamait first person plural Auraic. 307 = ceudpersa, 2675 .

(g) With follg. gen. or adj., forming n.pr. e.g. Fer báeth: LU 6024 . i ndegaid Fir Baíth, 6025 . voc. a Fir Baith, 6023 . As name of a horse, Acall. 271 . F.¤ bend (`man of horns' ? See Heldensage 94 ), gen. Fir bend, TBC-LL¹ 2149 . 2164 . F. caille (`man of the forest,' cf. Lat. Sylvanus, Silvaticus) BDD 39 . voc. a Fir chaille, 110 . ¤cetharraid: gen. Fir cetharraid, Rawl. 144a30 , 162d44 . F.¤ coctha (see cocad): gen. Fir choctha, Rawl. 159b35 . F.¤ corb, Fianaig. 12.13 . gen. Fir chorb, Rawl. 128b33 . d'Fior corb mac Modha Cuirb, AFM A.M. 4727 . F.¤ da chrích: Fer da chrích, Trip. 520. 8 ; 542.30 ; AU 767 . Rawl. 146f43 . gen. Fir da crich, AU 746 . Rawl. 127b45 . Fer dá liach, Rawl. 149a43 . F.¤ dét (cf. Lat. Dentatus): do Fir dét, TBC-LL¹ 2147 . F. diad (`man of smoke') TBC-I¹ 2215 . TBC-LL¹ 3004 etc. ra Fer ṅdiad, 3231 . 3979 . gen. Fir diad, LU 6707 . TBC-I¹ 2210 . TBC-LL¹ 3217 . voc. a Ḟir diad, 3111 . F.¤ febe. (cf. feb) gen. Fir Febe, TBC-I¹ 159 = Fir aba, TBC-LL¹ 393 . F.¤ filed (see fili), Rawl. 156b2 . gen. Fir ḟiled, ib. 3 . Lism. L. p. 342.1 . F.¤ glan, gen. Fir glain, Rawl. 158.40 . F.¤ gráid: Fer graidh ri Caisil, AU 960 = Fer graidh mac Cléirigh, AFM 958 ; 959 . Cf. Fer Graid mac Ailgenain (a king of Munster) ZCP xix 94.1 (Synchr.). F.¤ le (lé): BDD 9 (om. LU) cf. BDD² p. 73 . F.¤ lí, Fianaig. 68.28 . gen. Fir lí, 74.22 . F.¤ Lugdach (`son of Lugaid' ?): gen. Fir Lugdach, Rawl. 119a23 . F.¤ mara (`m. of the sea'), gen. sil Fir mara, Rawl. 130b12 . F.¤ mór gen. Fir moir, RC xvi 135 ( Dinds. 131 ). F.¤ raith: gen. Fir raith, Rawl. 144a31 ; cf. Fir roith, 119a26 . F.¤ rogain, RC xv 421 . BDD 46 . F.¤ rogein, 9 . voc. a Fir; Rogain, 66 ( LU 7006 ). gen. Fir rogain, BDD 79 . F.¤ taí, Fianaig. 68.27 . gen. Fir tái, 70.19 . Fir thái, 70.26 . F.¤ Techet: gen. Fir Thechet, Rawl. 158.40 . See Rawl. Index .

Compds.

(1) to denote sex, fer is prefixed to the name of an animal or to a nomen agentis which may be used of both sexes; rarely with a subst. exclusively masc. in application, e.g. fermac;

(2) with adjectival force = pertaining to a man or men, intended for a man, manly , etc.

fer-amus a mercenary: feramus, Rawl. 113a9 ( ZCP xv 310 ). fer-amus no ban-amus ` man-servant ' Ériu ii 204.22 . ¤bolcum draught for a man: cethri fichit ferbolcumm as much as eighty men will drink MacCongl. 101.7 . ¤bratán: in fear-bradan, Hy Maine 103vb13 . ¤chara a male friend CCath. 1137 . ¤chend a man's head TBC-I¹ 1453 . ¤chland: eitir ferchloinn fhinn `the fair children of men' (or of Finn ?) BS 24.17 . ¤choic a man-cook ACL iii 241 § 7 . ¤chol sodomy Ériu vii 144.16 . ¤chrécht a wound: pl. na ferchrechta , Fianaig. 94.5 . ¤chubat, ¤chumat a man's length: fercubat fir, Trip.² 2992 . fercumat, LU 5858 . See separate article below. ? ¤chur a warrior, champion: fearchur .i. curaidh no gaisgeadhach feardha, O'Cl. ¤dál: dá céad feindidh ferdhála `of manly encounter' Duan. F. i 90.28 . ¤dam a bull Laws iv 100.21 Comm. ¤dord: canaid ... f. do contuli friss, LU 6312 ( TBC-I¹ 1810 ). ¤dorn a man's fist Ériu iv 32.3 . As measure: med ferdor ceachtar n-ai YBL 118a40 . tri ferdhuirnn ar airdi three hands in height Maund. 186 . ¤druí a druid: n du. dá ferdrai , RC xliii 24.7 . ¤ech a stallion: in feirech ┐ in baineach, Acall. 256 . ¤échtus a manly attack Laws i 64.13 (see ZCP xviii 102 ). ¤fuine baking or kneading done for a man: damna teora mbairgen ferfuine ┐ a sé do banfuine, Laws ii 176.18 Comm. cf. iv 116.6 . v 30.23 . ¤gaiscedach warrior: cona seisser ... bangaiscedach ┐ cona seisser ... fergaiscedach, Acall. 5128 . ¤gal valorous man (?): in forba fergalach (fergal, v.l.) foltgarb, RC xxiv 192 § 3 , Cín Chille Cúile 86 . ¤gein male descendant : feirghein deimin deimnigim, Leb. Cert.² 156.13 . ¤ glac a man's hand, grasp: (as measure): cainnel cethri ferglac, Cáin Ad. § 2 . ag teora fer-glacc, MacCongl. 3.14 . ¤glond a manly exploit , pl. ferghlonna, MR 264.7 . ¤gním a man's act; a brave deed: (of Cú Chulainn :) is áes ingini macdacht ... ┐ ní thángatár a fergníma beus, LU 4851 . ben cédmuinterais ... ar as i bfeirghniomha gaibhther, Ériu xiii 31.30 . cf. ara fen fergnima (apparently = gníma a fir), O'Mulc. 327 ( Ériu xi 217.1 ). tri fergnima Conaild, Fél. 70.35 . fri coibled fergním, LU 10268 , cf. ZCP iii 235.2 . Hence adj. fergnímach manly in action: cóic ingena ... bátar fergnímaig forthriúin, Metr. Dinds. iii 88 . ¤gnúis a man's face: nā bānaiter fergnúsi, LU 8426 ( FB 29 ). ¤insce, ¤innsgne masculine gender: ferinnsci lasin nGaidel .i. mascul ... lasin Laitneoir, Auraic. 521 . ainm feirinnsgne IGT, Introd. § 157 . ¤lá `a man's day,' a day lucky for men: tri ferlae .i. dardáin, áine, domnach, Triads 217 . ¤lám a man's arm, hand (as measure): fot ferlama da crund, CCath. 5604 . ¤leó a lion PH 3439 . ferléo ┐ bainleo BNnÉ 84.27 . ¤les(s) a man's thigh (?): feraid fodil di ferlessaib ar óenathib Ulad strews warriors' limbs (?) LU 6122 ( TBC-I¹ p. 61 n. 7 ). ¤mac a male child: cach f.¤ arosloice broind a mathar, Laws iii 38.8 . v s. a ḟermeic (of a hound), Acall. 5578 . n p. fermaicc, Fél. Nov. 5 . cf. fearmhaic .i. fir neartmhara, O'Cl. ¤míl a male animal: cach fermil (.i. cach mil fearda), Laws iii 38.11 . ¤mug a male slave: fermogh, Acall. 7222 . noenbar banmhogad ┐ triar fermhogad, 954 . caoca fermhogh, BS 104.31 . ¤óclach a warrior: fertraig feroclaig, LU 8400 ( FB 27 ). sliasait ferócclaich, CCath. 191 . gérsat calma na ferogláigh, Acall. 40 . ¤thincur the property brought by a man when marrying: ben for fertincur, fer for bantincur, Laws ii 356.7 . lanamnus mná for ferthinucur, 380.23 ( SM Facs. 42b ). See Stud. in E. Ir. Law 83 ; 126 . ¤thraig a man's foot (as measure): fertraig LU 8400 ( FB 27 ). comla ... i mbatár tri fertraigid dia tiget, LU 1443 ( MU² 915 ). tricha ferrthraiged, LL 265b28 ( MU² 508 ). tricha fertraighed, ZCP viii 545.30 . se fichit fertraigh RC xliii 80 § 82 . ¤thraigthech a foot-soldier: ic fosugud na ferthraigthech, Ériu viii 38.28 . See also ferbolg, —chú, —chubat, —chuitred, —doman, —gnia, —scál.

n i, (ī ?) f. also fithise (usual Mid. Ir. form)

(a) a circular course, circuit, orbit (?) : ind f.¤ tēte in peccad, issí tē[te] in pian, Ml. 28c19 . sechis oín f.¤ (gl. uno tractatu) of daily course of sun, 42c30 . a p. fithissi, Thes. ii 31.23 (gl. circuli absidas, with further note : abside graece circulus interpretatur ). tre fithisi (gl. per tractus) Lib. Hymn. 76 ( Goid. 70 ). rí rogni ... iarna fithis firmimeint in its revolution (?), along its course (?) SR 278 . dofuit sís arithisi | trethan ... connach fess a fithissi, 8115 . a ndul iar fithisi fecht | doridisi i tír nEgept, 3535 . dochum nĒrenn dodfetis | aingil Dé hi fithisi used to lead him back (lit. in a circuit) Hy ii 13 .

(b) a channel, passage: fithisi .i. sēda, Lec. Gl. 77 . Esp. a tortuous or covered one: cor línad lais na dúine ┐ na fithise ... ┐ na tige talman, LB 116a19 , apparently of souterrains used as store-chambers , cf. líontar lée leastra lána | go bhḟidhisibh forlána, ML 10.20 (of storage; v.l. fithechaib, ficheadhaibh, ML² 149 ). i fidhisibh in talman, CCath. 1842 . i fidisibh [fitisibh, figisibh v.l.] a srona nostrils 958 . (of a horse) linn righin a cosmailes gelain uighe tuitis a fighisibh na sróna 'a thick suppuration like white of egg which occurs in the nostrils', Celtica ii 32 § 5 . dúnad figised a corp, LB 156b57 . dúnadh fidhisiodh ┐ slighthe an fuail, 23 K 42, 161.4 . nis fargaibh siomh ... fithisi ināit conairedha nāid easrusa élúdha gan lucht feithmhe ... forra, Hugh Roe 208.11 (f. 55b) . Fig. : amra in indeoin ... | dorala for m[ḟ]ithisi (sic leg., see ZCP vi 241 ) which has chanced on my path (?) Fél. 76.9 . iarna forcetul ... o ḟorcetlaib diadaib ┐ o ḟidissib aingelacdai, LB 232b56 (a mistake for fissidib or físsib? Cf. o ḟidissib nemdai, 233a18 , with punctum delens under d, and MR 8.13 cited under fís). fithisi .i. dlige ut est ise tiachtain itir na da fithisi, no itir na da conair, O'Curry 576 (< H 3.18, 286 ). O'Curry 2045 ( H 4.22, 61b , itir na fithiseo). Cf. is e tiachtain etir in di fithisi .i. duine robu cunnail ina bethaigh ┐ is cunnail fri bas ┐ dobeir aithrighi ┐ condaig dilgud bid innraic a gnim gid im[a] les fein cid im les neich aile, O'Curry 2094 (< H 4.22, 73b ). O'Curry 1245 (< H 3.18, 500½ ). Cf. O'Curry 2099 . is faenan cuma coicertas fir in fenechuis asa fit[his]ibh in re cindter ..., BCrólige § 66 Comm. ? hi fithise rig .i. i n-aigillne rig. O'Curry 472 (< H 3.18, 247 ). dilis cach forloscad fedar a figisib rig. roniacht elogh, O'Curry 455 (< H 3.18, 242 ) = a fithnisib, O'D. 1699 (< H 2.12, no. 8. 1 ).

(c) a loop or ring (of metal or other material) ? Here perhaps: coru drebraing in domun fri fidisi riagla ┐ dismirechta noeb, ar it árid dogairter, LU 899 (= ACC 68 ). mocoil ┐ fithisi ōir im cach ṅdual dia fult, YBL 118a39 ( RIA MSS. Ser. i 176 ). ar fertsib ┐ íallaib ┐ fithisib ┐ folomnaib don charpat, LU 6482 (`Bogen' Wind., TBC-LL¹ p. 376 ). ceṅglais d'ḟertsib ┐ d'ithisib ┐ d'iallaib in charpait, TBC-LL¹ 1324 , 1336 . Cf. coil cosmail .i. fithus carpait, O'Gr. Cat. 91.6 .

See fithnais (end of art.).

ind Matha enim graece .i. disce interpretatur, unde dicitur: fa math denad fa math f.¤ , O'Mulc. 665 . From fo-gleinn ?

n o, m. n a s. folt, LU 5635 . falt, 9275 , 9277 . d s. folt, Wb. 11c12 . fult, LU 7693 . a p. fultu, LU 7389 . fulta PH 993 .

(a) the hair of the head (collect.) : f.¤ (gl. coma) Ir. Gl. 77 . deirgech in ḟuilt (gl. glabella) 78. na foilt (gl. pilos), Gild. Lor. 237 . f.¤ quasi fa alt. faldas cadens germanice interpretatur f.¤ didiu cland totim hair is a plant of falling (?) (i.e. which grows downwards ?) O'Mulc. 567 (cf. Corm. Y 616 ). tairbirthar [v.l. tairbertair] foilt c[h]inn imm gnúisiu ZCP ix 450 § 4 . folt tiug sír [leg. siar ?] fair. Thes. ii 237.1 . f.¤ fair amal flesca óir, LU 3639 ( SCC 31 ). buidi f.¤ for findghualaind, IT iii 47 § 76 . falt co ndath óir, Ériu iv 108 . teora trillsi da fult imma cend, TBC-LL¹ 213 . for oenfoiltne dia ḟult LB 127b33 . bée ḟuiltt ... buidichaiss a woman with yellow wavy hair IT i 69.3 ( LMU 4 ). pl. tri fuilt forsin mac sin .i. folt úani ┐ f.¤ corcorda ┐ f.¤ fororda three kinds of hair BDD 105 . tri fuilt bátar fair : dond ... cróderg ... mind órbuide TBC-LL¹ 2713 = faircsi tri folt fair, etc. LU 6541 (cf. folt tri ndath fair, LU 8598 ). Generally of hair of different persons : triar marcach ... tri fuilt derga foraib, BDD 30 ( LU 6781 ). astoidet a foilt ┐ a cuirp, Ériu ii 130.7 . fuilt dubha leo. Marco P. 187 . maithrecha na mac ... ┐ a ḟuilt scailte ba cendaib (in grief) LB 5b30 ( PH 393 ). is bec... na ruc a fultu dia forcléthib, LL 237b3 ( TTr. 1520 ). as é budh ferr ... d'fighe f.¤ , RC xxiv 46.2 . for foltaib na ḟer so, LB 127b42 . d'ḟoltaibh is d'ulchadhaibh na laoch, Keat. iii 4468 . masa urrandus do lethḟ.¤ no do lánḟ.¤ ro benad de [sic leg.], Laws iii 352.15 . Rarely locks, tresses: fuilt sgaoilte ... 'gun Róimh ag éagcaoine a huilc, TD 24.24 In poetry often transf. of a person : a fhalt na ngéag ! O wavy-haired one PBocht 13 § 41 . a ḟolt ... fáinneach !, TD 21.3 . f.¤ na bhfinnghéag (of a chief) 7.48 . see ib. Introd. p. lv .

Rarely of animals : cean each díbh ar drochḟ.¤ (`a bad mane') Leb. Cert. 210.7 . mar ḟ.¤ eich, TD 37.4 . corruighidh sé a ḟ.¤ amhuil cédar (of Behemoth), Job xl 17 (where Engl. A. V. has `tail').

(b) fig. and poetic uses ; of foliage (cf. Lat. coma) : os ḟult ḟidbaide, LL 108a22 ( RC 14.402 ). liriu feoir no f.¤ fídbuide, LB 241ax ( ZCP iii 225 ). for f.¤ feda, RC xxvi 30 (a kenning ? Cf. the gloss : ... dagalt fedai ┐ deich ┐ remi ┐rl. no cranna gae, Rawl. 109b45 = LL 187c19 ). i bhfoltaibh na bhfeadh, TD 4.22 . ? dāltir fledōl for Luignib dia mba f.¤ crīn samraid [leg. crín f.¤ ?], Anecd. i 14.10 . tomaidm Ethne os ḟ.¤ bheatha [sic leg.] the eruption of [the river] Ethne over the sward (?) of the world BB 44a16 = 37a14 . Of thatch of a house : alainn berrthán fil fort, ba slán cot folt, a Dún Náis, AFM i 308 . Of foam of the sea : fairggae findfolt, Thes. ii 290 ( Sg. 112 ). tar fairrge f.¤ , Leb. Gab.(i) i 238 .

Compds.

(1 ) common with adjs. having ... hair ; ... haired ; also fig. of foliage: ¤álainn : da fhiodhbaidh ¤alainn, Anecd. iii 6.13 . ¤bláith : Fionn ... ¤bhlaith, Duan. F. ii 84 . ¤buide yellow-haired: inghean ¤bhuide, Ériu xi 199 . a Edain ... fholtbhuidhe, ML² 463 . ¤chaín (as a sobriquet) : Amadair Flidais ¤chain, ZCP viii 303.8 (cf. Adamair F. f., BB 47b3 = Amathair f. f., LL 128bz . Adammair F. f., Cóir Anm. 25 ). feocus ¤chain (kenning for the birch-tree), Auraic. 5532 . ¤chas curly-locked: Tadg f., ZCP viii 221 § 41 . fiche ced feindeadh f., Duan. F. ii 54 . fon ḟid ḟoltchass, Metr. Dinds. iii 206 . ¤chóem : d'Éber ḟoltchaem LL 127b11 . [mac] Feidelma ¤chaime, Rawl. 156a2 . a Patraic ¤chaoimh, Duan. F. ii 54 . ? ¤chíab : see foltchíp. ¤fiar with wavy hair: aicme ḟoiltḟiar, Duan. F. i 60.13 . ¤finn fair-haired: Fiacha foiltḟionn, DDána 84 § 26 . a Gharaidh ... ḟoiltḟinn !, Ériu i 20 . sēig f.¤ Ferna, Bruchst. § 50 ( IT iii 74 ). ¤garb rough-haired: Feargus f.¤ , Duan. F. ii 150 . tri arrachta ... foltgharbha, ML² 1586 = ( ML 118 ). i mbarr ... na fidhbuidhe foltgairbhi, CCath. 669 . ¤glas of green herbage: fonncheltra foltglasa ... in talman, MR 240.6 . ¤lebor long-haired: fer ... f., LU 8597 . bé ḟind ḟ.¤ , LL 259b37 ( LMU 4 ) ; Ferccus Foltlebur, Rawl. 155b50 . ¤ruad red-haired Acall. 4064 . ¤scailte with dishevelled hair: na fantaisi foltscailte , CCath. 4357 (g p.). fanntaise folt-sgaoilte, TSh. 6680 . ¤snáithech with thread-like hair ZCP xliv 162 , Cóir Anm. ii § 149 : Fiacha Foltṡnáithech .i. samaltá fri snáth ōrdhai in folt ... boí fair, Cóir Anm. 145 . Fiachra Foltsnat[h]ech, ZCP viii 292.32 . ¤tromm dod dhreich foltruim, 23 L 17, 130b ( Studies 1928, 450 ). ¤úaine : Cend Febrat foltúane green-foliaged Metr. Dinds. iii 226 . fa chlár bhfaltuaine bhFréamhann, TD 30.7 .

(2 ) with subst. : ¤gabál seizing by the hair: f. ban (a punishable offence), Cáin Ad. 44 . ¤gal pulling (an opponent's) hair in fight: frisin ṅgleicc ┐ in ḟ. ... dognitis, LB 156a42 . pl. foltgala, Laws v 146.9 Comm. ¤grenn : foltgrend feinned ar foluamain (in battle) `hair of heroes' ( whiskers ?) MR 238.27 . See also foltmaise.

adj o,ā (gen. used in less unfavourable sense than garb) rough, blunt, mettlesome, fierce (very rarely used of purely physical qualities): garg ... ferox interpretatur , Corm. Y 707 . O'Mulc. 621 . tailciud fri gargg `yielding to the fierce,' Thes. ii 235 (Cod. Bern. 117a). dogena gním n-granni (ngranna Eg.) n-garg, IT i 70.24 . re fiuchud na ferge fírgarge, TBC-I¹ 1952 . ír co ngairg with rough anger, ZCP xi 110 § 26 . laech langarg, LL 4a14 . flaith ... rigda rogarg, MR 182.8 . gaillmilid garga guinec[h]a, CCath. 5369 . a Rīg grēine gairge of the fierce (i.e. scorching) sun, ZCP viii 232 § 10 . Cf. ós a cionn is gairge an ghrian, DDána 119.19 . aon mhíle cú ... do bhí garg mettlesome , Oss. iv 50.6 . mac ... meic gruthraige gairge `... of rough curds,' MacCongl. 35.2 . do ghlonn an ghaisccidh gairg, AFM i 504.22 . an tí ... labhras go garg ar a leas ris an gcomharsain bluntly , TSh. 8967 . sūan garg rough sleep, Otia ii 83.8 . In chevilles: garg gle, Hib. Min. 45.28 . garg a nglé, Laws i 68.11 . Of sounds noisy, harsh (?): imda golgargc, BColm. 100.6 . tre goil ngairg, ZCP viii 223.1 . ón gheal-Banna ghairg (or = impetuous ?), IGT Decl. ex. 1134 . naosga gharg, TD 34.16 . Compar. gairgiu tólaib `fiercest of floods,' Arch. Hib. ii 55 § 19 ( LL 182b3 ). Superl. Niall nār nuall ass gargam formidable (?), Rawl. 136b26 ( Otia ii 87 § 7 ).

Compds. ¤anfad, Otia ii 83.10 . ¤band, LL 8b21 . ¤beoda mettlesome and lively, Cog. 158.8 ; 166.4 . ¤blad renown of fierceness (?): ria gargblaid ṅglain, MacCarthy 180.7 . grindi im ghargbladh, ZCP x 340.6 . ¤brat: co ngarg-brut ... de arggut `rough overlay,' Metr. Dinds. iv 106.64 . ¤dāna fierce and bold, Fianaig. 46 § 9 . ¤díne a bold race, ZCP viii 321.17 . Top. Poems 6.7 . ¤dlíged `stern law,' Metr. Dinds. iii 48.15 . ¤ler rough sea, ZCP x 340.6 . ¤lí (?): garglí gēbend im gart nglē, Anecd. iii 47.19 . ¤luinne fierce rage, ACL iii 294.1 . ¤mian, Ériu iv 108 § 68 . ¤nert, TBC-LL¹ 3096 . ¤ruide a rough journey: g. fri croich, SR 1078 . ¤slegach of the fierce spears: óig ... gargshleghaicc, Caithr. CC § 42 (21.16) . ? ¤thech: Clídna chiuin na gargthig grad, LL 137a38 ( RC xlvii 293.5 ) = Clidna Chuind nar gairdig grad, Lec. 396a8 .

n a pleasant word ; a winning utterance : grāibre .i. magar .i. brīathar grāta, ut est ... binde bar ngotha grāibre (: āille), Corm. Y 724 = O'Mulc. 688 . graibre .i. gāire trom, ib. 708 . graibre trom-re, rissis graece locutio interpretatur , O'Mulc. 626 . ba maith ri cách do gráibri, TFerbe 279 . sund rognid in graibre gel, Metr. Dinds. iv 338.21 . graibhri .i. briathar ghrata, no onórach, O'Cl.

n f. IGT Decl. § 14.

(a) awfulness : i ndiad inna fersae hi tadbadar a graín fo chosmailius inna ríg talmandae after the verses in which His awfulness is shown, Ml. 40c22 . cachla fers and di adhuath ┐ gráin, ib. 40c16 . ar gráin ┐ ar ecla ┐ ar úamun Conculaind, TBC-LL¹ 1608 . cainiu di ḟlaithib in domuin ... eter urud ┐ gráin, ib. 5172 . soid a grád ┐ a gráin for cūlu, ZCP xi 86 § 45 . grāin lium do loscud m'anma, ACL iii 245 § 33 . do chur graine ┐ geinedechta is in n-gilla, MR 178.5 . grāin ríg cōigcid for fer a inaitt dogrēs `every successor of his should be dreaded like the king of a province,' BColm. 88.8 .

(b) loathsomeness, an object of loathing or horror : ri úathgráin mo gnusi, LU 10276 . grāin cach āenfir iarna ēc, ACL iii 239 § 23 . ba grain tra a tuarascbail na cailligi `loathsome, in sooth, was the hag's appearance,' RC xxiv 196.z . is ar gráin in pheccaid-sin docuired aithne ar leith fair, PH 7767 . tancatar da nathraigh chucu ... co ngrain n-adhuathmair, Aen. 487 . in gráin atchess duit arm' gnúis, Ériu iv 106.3 . gráin catha ar mo cheann-aghaidh the fearsomeness of battle, Content. xxiii 15.

(c) terror, horror : grāin graece pauor interpretatur , O'Mulc. 630 . tromda int erfuath ┐ is mōr in grāin donucsad forru, TBC-I¹ 3197 . romain ar grāin garganfod, Otia ii 83 § 10 . fa mba tre fochaid co ngrāin, ZCP x 46 § 11 . rosgab grain ┐ eclai iat, PH 975 . rom-dhealb grain ┐ egla ┐ omon, Aen. 532 . a Ghoill go ngráin, Celt. Rev. x 139.12 . abradh fris co na tardad (viz. the ghost of Fergus) gráin na hirḟūath leis ina dochum, ACL iii 5.8 . g.¤ re horror at : fer is mo gráin do gabhuir | a ló n-áig re n-urcharuib `the one who is found most terrified at shots on the day of slaughter,' Ériu iv 214 § 11 . is móidi a gráin re a ngothaib `his horror at their censures is all the greater,' ib. 216 § 13 . cia an duine ... nach géabhadh gráin rompa iar na gclos ? (= quis ... talia sciens non contremiscat), TSh. 6752 ; 8553 . curaidh gan ghrāin re nguasocht, DDána 102.2 .

Compd. ba búan-léir gairbe grán-áig `famous ... the fierceness of the horrid fight,' Metr. Dinds. ii 46.24 .

(d) loathing, aversion : an lucht leis nach gráin ... na truaigh do fhodhbhadh ┐ do chrechad, RC xxv 392.21 . With prep. ar : o tharla in gráin-si er in adaltras, PH 7794 . lán do dhēistin ┐ do ghráin ar ainmhianaibh eisionnraca na hóige, TSh. 8555 . a ghráin ar an bpecadh (of the Deity), Parrth. Anma 85.16 . bíodh gráin agaibh ar an olc, Romans xii 9 . fionghal ná feall | ná ní ar a mbeith grainc ná gráin, Dánta Gr. 4.10 . gaibid gráin re0 (later le) repulsion seizes ... at : rosgab crith ┐ grain re gnúis diabuil, MacCarthy 66.16 . a duine nād gabad grāin | re nduine ar scarad re scēim, ACL iii 237 § 14 . gráin ag gabháil an dairbh dháoil | le hanáil t'airm, a Amhlaíbh, IGT Decl. ex. 1921.

n ā, f. (?) (? = gré Ériu xxxii 77 ) beard, hair, bristles : grend .i. gruaid-finn .i. find ngrūaide, Corm. Y 728 . grenn quasi genn. genos enim graece barba interpretatur , O'Mulc. 645 . Tuirenn Beggreann .i. grenn beg bhói fair .i. ba beg a ulcha, Cóir Anm. § 155 . atcessa guib co n-grennaibh, AU i 296.3 (an. 808) . uindsi a caput fliuch (gl. lán) do greann (.i. finnfa), ZCP v 484 § 7 = iii 378.15 . g s. (?) fér des rogrinde .i. fesóg, O'Dav. 759. a s. is de ro ordaigh a grinn don féor, ib. = LL 186b9 ; Rawl. 108a7 . maolais an greann adhuathmar bái fuirre `lowered its horrible bristles,' BNnÉ 8 § 27 . ? Fig. os do denum sidha rachum, ni biadh greann coguidh oruind since we are going to make peace, we shall not wear the trappings of war, ZCP vi 71.29 . grenn grainemhail gaiscidh ugly fighting-accoutrements, Stair Erc. 1536 . greann .i. ulcha no fésóg, O'Cl. ? grend snechta fān aimsin ann, Irish Texts ii 33 § 14 .

Compds. ¤ḟoltach bearded (?) : Gaillmilid garga ... grennfoltac[h]a na Gaillia, CCath. 5369 . ? ¤gal : cét cath for Ulltaibh gren[n]ghail, Cóir Anm. 111 . ¤líath : folt garbh grendliath (v.l. to grelíath, gleliath) fair rough, grey bristling hair on him, TBC-LL¹ p. 775 n. 3 . TBC-I¹ 3283 . ¤mothar : con-a ngreann-mothraib goiscidi `with their proud tufted beards (?),' MR 180.10 .

n io, m. n. (angubai (leg. a ngubae) már, Anecd. iii 58.21 , PMLA lxii 895 n. 63 ) mourning, sighing, lamenting : raṅgab guba ... ar dula dia sarugud, SR 6087 . oc estecht fri guba ocus fri golgaire na n-anmand, LU 2227 ( FA 30 ). co mbatar oc guba ┐ oc ernaigthi imalle, PH 1008 . gne mbróin ┐ guba, ib. 3075 . gubae. guba enim graece suspiria interpretatur , O'Mulc. 674 . guba suspiria .i. osnad, Corm. Y 718 . dolluid banchuiri inna Gréine do gubu tuidechta Patraic uadib, Lat. Lives 43.z . dia cáine dia cét-gubo, Metr. Dinds. iii 8.74 . guba .i. cained, Stowe Gl. 411 . tóigfiod súas golgháir agus gubha, Jeremiah ix 10 . Especially of lamentation or keening, as part of ancient funeral rites : atbail de. Ferthair a guba, LU 10594 . clada[i]r a ḟert ... ┐ aghair a gubæ, TBC-I¹ 1231 . ro claidhed a ḟert ┐ dogniadh a ghubhu, TBC-LL¹ p. 197 n 2 . digníther a aonach gubha la hUltu, MS. Mat. 473.21 . ? To this : im chét ngaisced ngormdatha ngubae, LU 6765 = BDD² 270. Eithne In Gubai 'Eithne of the lament' SCC 574 , Éigse xxviii 160 .