Prep. and conj. like, as . Unstressed form of d s. of 1 samail ( GOI § 178 , § 826 . But rhymes and alliterates in classical verse, e.g. IGT Decl. ex. 607 ). As a rule contracted to am̄ in MSS. Archaic amail ( GOI § 168 ) ( Wb. 21c10 , 22c14 , both a prima manu, Críth G. 461 , Hib. Min. 188 ). Usual form in O. Ir. glosses amal ( Wb. 6a30 , 10c12 , Ml. 107c8 , Sg. 217a8 . amál, Thes. i 5.37 ). In later lang. amail. Leniting ( amal chlanda, Ml. 123c8 . amal chon-degam, 107c8 ). Glosses Lat. quasi, Wb. 11a11 , Sg. 9b11 , etc.; sicut, Wb. 2a11 , 6a30 , 14c17 , Ml. 34b6 , etc.; tamquam, Wb. 9a3 , etc.; uelut, Ml. 23c9 ; ut, Wb. 10d19 , 22c14 , Ml. 54a21 .

I As prep. with accus. For forms with suff. pron. see 2 samail. Note also: amaltsa, IT i 72.35 = amal tussu, 18 . amlut, TBC(C) 575 . Later somet. with independent pron.: amal tussu (supra), amhail é, DDána 116.5 . Eventually replaced by mar (see immar): amar (amal, v.l.), TTebe 929 . Cf. amair, Laws ii 202.9 Comm. See Bergin, Ériu xiv 142 . like, as, similar to: amal tuthle no ailsin gl. ut cancer, Wb. 30b13 . ní amal inní asóircc gl. non quasi aërem uerberans, 11a11 . amal nahí nadchrenat gl. tamquam non possedentes, 10b7 . amal in n-altain gl. sicut rasorium, Ml. 72b8 . amal in lochairnn ṅaḟfracdai gl. quasi lanterna, Sg. 24a16 . amal inna anman asrubartmar `like the nouns', 188a29 . amal na heliu, 9b2 . amál chócúll dercon no chno, Thes. i 5.37 . amal nathracha bodra sicut , 485.19 ( Tur. 11 ). amal airig ndésa, Críth G. 367 . intan mbete renna nime amail éscai ┐ éscai amail gréin, Ériu ii 200.18 . amal firu cathacha, Trip.² 803 . feil . . . docuiridar echdar corgus . . . amail chaindech `the feast of a saint that falls outside Lent, as for instance Cainnech's', Mon. Tall. 135.2 (§ 22) . amhuil a cinaidh féin `like his own crime', Laws iv 88.8 Comm. nocha tánic amail a samla . . . nocha tánic . . . buiden amail a lethide, Celt. Rev. ii 220.26 (omission before first amail?). amal aig n-allaid, TTebe 1881 . amhail gach nduine oile, TSh. 254 . With dat. amal ruithnib grene, TBFr. p. 15 § 3 . amhail cherdcadaiph, BNnÉ 71 § 123 .

In phr. amal sin, so, ṡodain thus, so, in that case see 1 sin, 1 so, 1 suide.

II As conj., freq. but not invariably with follg. nasalizing rel. clause ( GOI § 498 , § 505 ).

(a) As comparative conj. with verb in indic. as, like as: amal ṅguidess athir a macc gl. tamquam pater filios deprecantes, Wb. 24d19 . amal fondrodil in coimdiu do chách gl. sicut diuisit Dominus, 10a11 . amal nonda thorisse frissintectairecht gl. tamquam misericordiam consecutus sum, 10a28 . amal nát anse dúib, 17c11 . amal arindchrin dǽ ┐ asindbail gl. uice fumi, Ml. 57a10 . amal nach fuar fessin inneuch, 57d3 . amal as toísegiu grián . . . ┐ is laithe foilsigedar . . . sic is toissigiu, etc., 85b11 . amal as inna ngnimae gl. ut a sé profecto iure factorum, 17b3 . amal is na nassar gl. sicut Assiriorum, 54a22 . amal ṅ-dond-foirde ainmm `as a noun signifies it', Sg. 26b12 . amal addaas `as it is', Ériu ii 144 § 159 . amal as n-airdirc clearly, Trip.² 2066 . ro chí fora muime amal is bés do naídenaib, 115 . amail nach dentar dia domnaich `just as such things are not done on a Sunday', Mon. Tall. 148.3 (§ 55) . amail bis mes in feóir in ḟamfucht (sic) fa i ngemfucht `according to the appraisement of the grass in the hot or in the cold season', Laws iv 146.15 Comm. dligidh . . . / a bhrondadh amhail chuinghes, ZCP viii 109.13 . dobérthar . . . dia tuca tinnscra amal asbérthar, TBFr. 177 . as-bert in so huile amal rom-múin dó in fer, BDD² 168 . amail indises canóin, ZCP viii 114.2 . amail ba bes di . . . `as was her wont', RC vi 175.1 . amhail thógaibhthear an cháith uas an ghrán, Desid. 2918 . In later lang. combined with ┐, mar: amhuil ┐ chromas an géadh a cheann, Desid. 1923 . amhail mar stiúrionn ┐ mar oibrighionn siad, Corp. Astron. xxiv 10 . amhail ┐ mar atá, 2.7 . amhail mar do rinne Iudas, Donlevy 254.13 .

Folld. by second member of comparison (as . . . so): amal nondubcairimse carad cách uaibsi alaile gl. eandem caritatem habentes, Wb. 23c12 . amal nád robe . . . ní bia, 1d2 . amal as corp do crist æclesia is corp mulier uiro , 22c13 . amal as ndian . . . mbis is denithir sin . . ., Ml. 57c12 . amal durigni . . . dogena . . . `as He has done . . . so also will He do', 50d10 . amal fōides in naingel . . . doróiter dún . . . `as he sent the angel . . . may he be sent to us,' Thes. ii 304.1 (Hy. i). amal soite a shlúaig úad soid a grád ┐ a gráin for cúlu, ZCP xi 86 § 45 . With follg. clause introduced by an adv. (samlaid, etc.): amal nadngaib lius di suidiu is samlid insin nisgaib som lius di . . . , Ml. 34b6 . amal rombói ingnae cáich is samlid . . ., 26b8 . amal fongníter ídil síc fogníther donaib ánib, Wb. 27b9 . amál nád ṅdéni neutur dindí as tiberis . . . síc ní déni, Sg. 63a17 . amuil is etarbach grech na cno faisi cen torad aici is amlaidh is etarbach na neiche sin do denam, Laws iv 36.17 Comm. amal do-rala . . . thall . . . is amlaid do-rala sund, PH 146 . amail adcondarcais misi co granna . . . ar tús ┐ alaind fadeoid, is amlaid sin in flaithius, RC xxiv 200.17 . amail teit . . . is amhlaidh sidhe as . . . so, Stair Erc. 499 . amal is e cet lá na sechtmaine in domnach . . . is amal-sin . . . is e is ochtmad lá . . ., PH 3585 . After compar.: is mesu andas amuil robui, Laws iv 156.12 Comm. do badh líonmhaire da n-édálaibh . . . inás amhail ro fhédsat a ttiomáin, Hugh Roe 88.8 (fo. 23b) . bá moa a n ainm ┐ a n oirdearcus inas amhail tangattar, AFM v 1848.z .

In PH with ellipse of verb. (cf. the Lat. construction): co mbí in t-í dobeir hí i n-a shímontaig amal in t-í gabus, 7595 . do thabairt ascad amal rig do as (on) a king, 2838 . fofhuaras duine amal mo chride a man after my own heart, 6479 . Prob. also in: me-si tra amal mo brathri tindnacimm mo chorp . . ., 6640 . Note also: amal alanaile ndoine gl. ut caeterorum, Ml. 54a21 , a literal transl. of the Lat.

(b) With impf. subj. in meaning as if, as though (in this constr. not as a rule followed by rel. clause, see OIPG 209 ): ro pridchad dúib céssad Críst amal ad-cethe `Christ's passion has been preached to you as though it were seen', Wb. 19b6 . is amal bid fri Crist frisorthe `it is as though ye offended against Christ', 10c12 . amal ninfessed cách et ronfitir calléic gl. sicut qui ignoti et cognoti, 16a2 . amal ni bimmis cutrummi frib gl. quasi non pertinguentes, 17b16 . amal ni cuimsimmis a denum gl. quasi [nos] infirmi fuerimus in hac parte, 17c18 . amal ni risinse do bar cosc si gl. tamquam non uenturus sim ad uos, 9a19 . amal nombemmis érchóilti gl. tamquam morti destinatos, 9a3 . amal fid a fondamtis gl. quasi longam famem passi `as (though) it were when they suffered', Ml. 34b11 . amal bid do íc a galair gl. velut in doloris solacium, 23c9 . amal bid ind aimsir feisin, Sg. 188a26 . amal ni bed ad and, 217a8 . amal bith do chonsain, amal as ṅ-dí `as though it were to a consonant, (or) as it is to it', 9b11 . amal bid oc caíned in guḟorgaill, Trip.² 87 . no lastais in aidche amal betis ruithni gréni, TBFr. 27 . amal ní acced is ní cloath ní `as if he saw not and heard not anything', Ériu iii 104 § 40 . amhoil búdh fear fiadhoigh thú, Desid. 3183 . With condit.: amhail do bhiadh gráin . . . aca air, TSh. 4255 . Later a.¤ ┐: amhuil ┐ do bheith riachtanas aguinne réna seirbhís, Desid. 5244 . The following may be elliptical, but could also be referred to I: otconnairc a gnúis amal aingel as (though it had been that of) an angel, PH 1313 . ni hairmither amal duin-orcuin do sin it is not counted as manslaughter, 4208 . atchīam-ne tú amail catharda díless hi neim, BColm. 106.6 . amal tofunn dotṡéstae as though it were a pursuit wherewith thou wert pursued, Ériu i 200 § 25 (supply bid?).

(c) As temporal conj. expressing simultaneousness, while, when: amal immind-ráitset con-accatar F. cuccu `as they were talking about it they saw F. coming towards them', Thes. ii 241.11 (Ardm.). amal batar ann . . . co n-accatar in tene, Trip.² 445 . amail notreigtis addurtaig `when they left the oratory', Mon. Tall. 132.12 (§ 12) . amal atib in dig nirbo chumain laiss F., LU 4030 ( SCC 48 ). amal batar and . . . ico'n ol, PH 76 . amal itcualae . . . H. . . . . a beth i n-oentuma, 834 .

(d) As explicative conj. with adverbial force how, in what state, manner; how in sense of (the fact) that: bá foderc dó . . . amal ro both and how things were there, LU 8219 ( FB 16 ). a scrutan i n-a menmain amal doragad airi, 8223 (17). ni chumaic . . . innisin inna n-airecht sin amal itát what they are like, 1997 ( FA 6 ). indēsad dáib madh āil libh / amhail fūaradar oidhidh how they died, ZCP viii 119 § 1 . atchifet amal digeltar forru, PH 2806 . tabhair an taiplis don tigh / gu faicmis amhail imrid, IGT Decl. ex. 607 . do ordaigh Tairrdelbach . . . do lucht túaisceirt amal no raghdais dia taig, RC xviii 55.1 (Tig.). ro indis in echtra ┐ amail dochuadar for iar[r]aid usci, xxiv 202.4 . innister dó amhail ro escain Espuc E. . . . in fled, MR 24.18 .

(e) Doubtfully causal in: amal is i lóu bad sochrud ar n-imthecht gl. sicut in die honeste ambulemus 'since it is in the day', Wb. 6a30 . amal is tre bar tabirtsi dochum nirisse gl. sicut et uos nostra (gloria) . . ., 14c17 . In both cases the use of amal is no doubt due to the Lat. sicut. Possibly also: amail is tre metur ro cet in chantaice, Hib. Min. 6.188 .

Miswritten (am̄) for amlaid (aml—) in: is amal ro-batar in corp ┐ in cend oc tepersain fola, PH 1881 . is amal bói I. oc ernaigthi, 2202 . is amal fo-s-gébtái it é eroslacthi, 3753 .

In IGT Introd. 2.14 , 33.6 in phrase samhlughadh amhuil of adjectives in -amuil derived from nouns.

n n., later f. See Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 113 and Études Celt. xxv 123-24 . n s. b.¤ nAnand, Corm. Y 104. a mb.¤ , SR 5974. in b.¤ thondgel, LL 18500. g s. Bée, LL 27711. d s. do b.¤ , TFerbe 64 . Mod. g s. na b.¤ , Hackett xi 27 . d s. don bhéith ghlain, O'Rah. 154.5. n pl. béithe, ZCP v 229.26 (Midn. Court). g pl. beith, Ó Bruad. i 62.7 . mbéithe, ZCP v 226.10 (Midn. Court).

Woman: Brigit b.¤ bithmaith `ever excellent woman', Thes. ii 325.15 , glossed: ben ut dicitur b.¤ bind .i. ben find, 29 . bē nē[i]t (.i. badb) .i. bē ben ┐ nēt cath . . . Inde dicitur: `b. nét fort,', Corm. Y 168. Brigit bē n-ēxe . . . B.¤ bē legis, ┐ B. bē goibne (sic leg.) ingena in Dagda goddess, 150 . b.¤ find fors ṅdestatar deirgindlid áir (rhetoric), BDD² 306. be ḟind ḟota ḟoltlebor, IT i 69 § 4. a bē, ZCP viii 102.15 (B. na f., 557.17 ). a mb.¤ n-aill, LL 21147. b.¤ adbul Heriu, 1651 . do b.¤ thastil female messenger, TFerbe 64 . cain-be fial forssaid ḟindnar, SR 3700. co tucas-sa in mb.¤ sáir sláin / Aife, Ériu iv 154.26 . seimigud b immorro .i. a bhen, a bhan, a bhe binn, Auraic. 1275. b.¤ ebraice (bath `daughter'? ed.), mulier latine , O'Mulc. 130. `b.¤' ben, Metr. Gl. 18 § 52. b.¤ .i. bean, O'Cl.

In Laws and glossaries in designations of classes of women. b.¤ carna wanton, harlot : cia ben is mesa do mnáib? Ni hansa. B. chārna, ZCP viii 113.12 . be carna .i. meirdreach, O'Curry 2037 (H. 4.22, 58a). b.¤ charna .i. merdrech, ar dia ndech in ben co cuicir is b.¤ charna. fothad cairn .iiii. clocha, cloch fair is carnn iarum, O'Dav. 213 (see Stud. in E. Ir. Law 108 ). b.¤ cétmuinterasa woman with standing of head of a household, chief wife (see Stud. in E. Ir. Law 46.28 ): mad be cetmunterasa techta, comaith ┐ comceniuil, Laws ii 380.31 (= Stud. in E. Ir. Law 46 § 22 ). mad be cetmunterasa glossed: mad bean bus cetmuindter uais co dligthech, 382.4 Comm. b.¤ cuitgernsa `woman of condominium' ( Stud. in E. Ir. Law 218.18 ): ma co tir ┐ cetra ┐ intreb, ┐ mad comsair comtechta a cuma lanamnusa, ┐ is don ben sin asberar be cuitcernsa, ii 356.31 (= Stud. in E. Ir. Law 18.36 ). b.¤ n-imrama lit. wandering woman (a class of concubine) ( Stud. in E. Ir. Law, 64.25 , 96 f. ): nocon uil ni do do lamda . . . a be nimruma, uair ar a urail fein bis a chartach . . . ┐ nocon eadh bis . . . a be nimruma, Laws ii 400.15 Comm. be nimrama .i. meirdreach, O'Curry 2037 (H. 4.22, 58a). sechtmud do i n-a dormain ┐ i n-a be n-imruma, Laws v 72.4 Comm. b.¤ n-indlis `non-owned woman', see Ériu xii 74.18 . a atitin a primmna ┐ a fine ata cach ben dib sain aicce cenmotha in be nindlis; ┐ a aititin a fir ata saide, Laws ii 400.26 Comm. b.¤ loirge: direnar b.¤ luirge lándire `a distaff woman', O'Gr. Cat. 145.19 (Nero A vii, 153b9). Cf. dorenar be loirge landire .i. ben conaire in filed, glossing lorg `road', O'Dav. 1155. b.¤ loiste loinetha woman of the kneading-trough and churn-dash: direnar . . . lándire b.¤ loisde luineatha alaile, O'Gr. Cat. 145.19. b.¤ roethine woman cast up by the sea?: be roethine .i. roethine mara dode-cuirethar .i. mairchor- (leg. muirchorthae, ed.), Ir. Recht 8 § 8. b.¤ tacuir foundling woman: b.¤ tacair do-renur cuic setaibh, a tri dibh a mamaib eca (leg. ecalsa, ed.) no (leg. ┐, ed.) ina dó eile ó feinib (finib, v. l.), Ir. Recht 6 , 7 § 7 , see ZCP xix 347. b.¤ táide lit. woman of a secret relation, i.e. in an irregular association with a man (see Stud. in E. Ir. Law 99 , 100 ): baidsech cach be taide, no cach ben deirge lann (cf. . . . deiraig a lanamnus, v 456.22), Laws iv 58.26 Comm. merdrech [ut est] baitsech cach b.¤ táidhe (thaidhe, v.l.) `every secret woman', O'Dav. 306. b.¤ togu woman (with power) of choice (variously interpreted in Laws Comm.): be togai .i. togu an (leg. and ? ed.) imm a inchaib a ceile fa isint (leg. asint, ed.) seilb techtus di-rether .i. bancomarba lasmbi fer for bantindchur. be thoga .i. tic di co aos togai, na (leg. .i. or [atá] 'na, ed.) tagai, .i. im co fer theis fa in ngaba chaille . . . who has the choice as to whether she will be paid according to the status of her husband or according to her possessions . . . who is of an age to choose whether she will marry or take the veil, Ir. Recht 8 § 9.

Common in later poetry woman, maiden : rádha róchaoin bheóilín bhinn na b.¤ , Hackett xi 27 . is baoth don fhear do scar le béith bhig óig, xxxiv 1 . míle beith ghléigeal `a thousand fair ladies bright', Ó Bruad. i 62.7 . G., leannán béithe `beloved of women', O'Rah. 148.21. do screadadar béithe, 150.27 .

In nn. pr.: Fróech . . . mac side do B.¤ Find a sídib, TBFr. 2 (as b.¤ was orig. neut. the name Bé Finn > Bé Bind, later also Bé Ḟind). Bebinn ingen (sic leg.) Turgeis, Caithr. CC 27. is ed ainm dobered Midir dí B.¤ Ḟind (i.e. Étaín), TE² 180 § 10. B. Néit wife of Néit (a goddess of war): bē nē[i]t (.i. badb), Corm. Y 168. B.¤ nēid .i. Nēid nomen uiri. B.¤ eius Nemon, a ben, 181 . in b.¤ néit . . . .i. Enio, siur Mairt .i. dei in chatha, TTebe 3247 . co festais ca drem . . . din ro samaigfed in B.¤ níth-gubach Néit a neirt-bhríga, MR 242.1 . Aingene ainm ind fir ┐ Bee n-Aingeni ainm na mna, RC x 224 § 17. Be Chuille ┐ Dianand . . . na dí bantuathig, LL 1352. Bé Tuinde, Dinds. 139 ( RC xvi 147 ). In n. loc. oidhre Leice Bébhionn Lickpevune (Co. Kerry), AFM v 1628.21 .

indecl. pron. (ceachtair (n s.), BDD² 350 . chechtair (g s.), TTebe 4518 ). With follg. gen. or de (see below). See GOI 311 .

(a) each (of), both (of). With noun in g du.: fric.¤ indafersaso, Ml. 112d1 . c.¤ inda leithe sin gl. in duas partes, Sg. 25b6 . c.¤ dalino, 162b2 . c.¤ indapopul `each of the two peoples', Ml. 46b30 . an diall óch.¤ indarann gl. ex utraque parte, Sg. 74b5 . for c.¤ adaṡyllab, 220b8 . baí fer c.¤ a da thóeb, LL 19636 ( Metr. Dinds. iv 54 ).

(b) With follg. pers. pron.: marb c.¤ nathar dialailiu `dead is each of us twain to the other', Wb. 20c26 . maith la c.¤ nár a dán, Thes. ii 294.2 . c.¤ fathar, BNnÉ 303 § 12 . c.¤ nái .i. mulier et innubta , Wb. 10b11 . hic.¤ nái, Sg. 42b5 (see note). is dilmain ṅdo ch.¤ ṅhái, 215a2 . a toirsegud . . . cectarnai diaraile, Cog. 58.25 . With added poss. adj.: a ccura c.¤ nae, Hugh Roe² 188.1 .

(c) With 3 pl. pron. replaced by de (see GOI 280 ): iscosc et cuindrech forcechtarde, Wb. 19c21 . iscoitchen doc.¤ de ainm alaili gl. commoni uocabulo utrumque significatur, Ml. 14d12 . is cummae m bis menmae c.¤ de fri togais alaili, 31a23 . fogur c.¤ de aralailiu gl. alternos inter se sonos, Sg. 4a8 . óin guth fri c.¤ de gl. per haec duo tempora, 147a5 . c.¤ de, Ériu v 222.30 . BColm. 92.19 . i c.¤ de in each case, Laws i 94.23 Comm. See cechtardae.

(d) With pleonastic use of pron. and de: c.¤ n-ai a da brúad each of his two brows, IT i 310.38 . im chechtarnae dhíobh, Hugh Roe² 96.12 . lá ceachtarna aca, AFM v 1358.10 . cechtarde nadaprimleth, SR 4290 . cóeca ban cechtarde na da ban aili the fifty attendants of each of the other two women, LU 8375 ( FB 25 ). ceactar de na da mart, O'D. 1748 ( H 2.16, 937 ). is fiach . . . do ch.¤ de dibh, O'Curry 1930 (23 P 3, 25b). go ro ghon cechtar nae diobh aroile, AFM vi 2162.6 . See cechtarnae.

(e) In later lang. either (of two), one or other (of two or more) (freq. in neg. or condit. sentences): gan ceachtar ag géile (= géillead) ar aon taobh, Oss. iv 112.20 . ma fer lesach acrus c.¤ de `either of them', Laws i 146.28 Comm. c.¤ de glóir ┐ sonus nó . . . `eyther glory and happyness, or . . . ', RSClára 143a .

(f) With DI and dat. or 3 pl. of prep. (DI, OC): ní mó do rinneas aoinní / . . . / i n-aghaidh ceachtar dhíobh, Content. xvi 9 . gur gnáthach ceachtar do cheithre hainiarsmaibh . . . ag toidheacht, TSh. 5424 . c.¤ acu one or other of them, Stair Erc. 1827 . a cceachtar don dá dhoras, Desid. 3443 . an tan nach bhfuil ceachtar dhíobh díleas, Donlevy 478.27 . With DO: nó gur bás do cheachtar dhuinn, Oss. iv 140.4 .

adj (dess). Of persons ambidextrous; expert (somet. in vague laudatory sense): in chland chomdess, Metr. Dinds. iv 68.146 . mulier ambidextra non fit .i. ni fhédann bean a bheith coimhdheas, 23 K 42, 112.19 . an cruitire coir coimhdheas, Leb. Gab.(i) 284.12 . a Shaoir choimdheis cháich (of God), Measgra D. 61.64 . ni bi . . . ceard ar nar choimdheas an D. sin expert , Ériu iv 51 § 8 . ba coimdes ar gach trealamh troda, AFM vi 2234.17 . sai coimdes coitchenn in cech cerd archena, Ann. Conn. 1309.2 . ba c.¤ isna primbelraib well versed , LB 150b42 . As sobriquet: Corcan coimdes `the handsome', Gorm. 7 . C. c.¤ , `the Comely', MR 206.4 .

Other applications: ic dáil chomdeis Ch., Metr. Dinds. iii 224.4 . crathad cruaid, comhdhes, MR 256.7 . gersat . . . comdesa . . . cimsa . . .catha, 254.4 . iarsin charddine chóir ch.¤ , LL 16100 .

Of equal alternatives in various constructions: is cuma lium .i. is cóimdess lium cipé dib, Thr. Ir. Gl. 9.29 . is coimdes doibh muir ┐ tír `they are equally at home on . . .', Maund. 267 . air is coimdes di-sside tairissium o ḟotaib ┐ cuimrib (of metre) can consist either of . . . , IT iii 101 § 180 . conidh coimdeas a cumasc fri ceachtar na da rannaidecht, BB 289a25 . coimdes a airlegind sis ┐ suas `indifferent', Auraic. 5827 . comdheas re da chlaidemh, L. Chl. S. 10 . ní la nech . . . dinn ná caislén . . . acht coimdhes da gach aen iatsom `each has an equal right thereto', Marco P. 139 . gus in inad ar chomdeis do chach a chomfhégad `where all might conveniently view him', MR 180.20 . ba comdeis imbualta da deis ┐ da cli, Cog. 186.6 . Superl. duine is comdeisi . . . i cantairecht, ALC i 270.2 . Adv. ar cách co comdess `in order due', Metr. Dinds. iv 222.22 . hit chomfocus co comdess, Fing. R. 720 . Cf. comdas s.v. comadas ?

n i, f. Later also with velar inflection (a d s. cuitig, g s. cotach etc. and nasal inflection (a pl. cotanna, d pl. cotannaib) . For n s. cuitig see Thurn., ZCP xx 367 . ? n s. cuta, CRR 43 , 44 , cited below (if not predic. g s. or to be referred to ad-cota). cuid f., IGT Decl. § 42 . cuitigh f., § 187 . d p. cotcondaib, O'Gr. Cat. 289.33 .

1 share, part, portion : adbur an tseóil ... ┐ sé 'na secht cotannaib, Ev.Inf. (LFF) 191 § 40 . dénaidh cranncur umna secht cotannaibh sea, Ev.Inf. (LFF) 191 § 40 . dar éis chota na mban, Metr. Dinds. iii 14.178 . ch.¤ Dé act of God (of death of woman), Cáin Ad. 42 . gor cuir a c[h]uitig go ceart / go cubaidh 'san cantairecht (of Gregory the Great), ZCP viii 114.22 . leth do chuite, LL 36668 = chota, Fél. 64.25 . c.¤ na n-anmand n-indligtech, MacCarthy 62.w . nocho nfuillter o choitibh, Auraic. 1444 = o chouitibh, 4494 . aithgin a chota, Laws iii 270.16 Comm. im ithlaind i cuitib `in shares', i 124.17 . fer codach ain fir (leg. aínḟir ?) `a freeman', Celt. Rev. iv 204.12 (see n.). conid airimh in sain is fuilliu anda coit tre taithmet a lethe ` factors ', Auraic. 1452 . go ndearnattar cotanna croinne . . . ┐ blodha bearnacha . . . ┐ aisleagha cearta . . . do na craoiseachaibh, Eachtra Uill. 3016 . éisdidh re cuid Moire a mhná `the verses to Mary', Dán Dé xxvi 43 . a cuidich ar na fasdodh `their wares thus bespoken' (of poets), Magauran 852 . rannais E. . . . cúigeadh Ch. i n-a thrí cotchaibh, Keat. i 116.z . a chodcha íochtaracha = lower parts, Isaiah xliv 23 . tig ót omna ḟaidcheannaigh / an chomhla na codchannuib in pieces(?), IGT Decl. ex. 69. 2106 . ba chuta dom ṡeilbse sain ale for seilb neich n-aill n-aile, LL 23161 `a right of my possession', CRR 43 . ba chuta damsa, LL 23165 `a part(?) for me', CRR 44 . c.¤ péne see pían . c.¤ tobaig, Binchy, Celtic and Anglo-Saxon kingship 18 . Of share in an action, participation: nād bi coimtig laech nó læiches nād bī c.¤ oc marbad duini `that has not had a share in . . .', RC xv 488 § 7 . a-tá dhóibh cuid i n-a chrochadh, Dán Dé xxxi 28 . na bid do chuid ic denum uilc frissin duine firen sa (Pilate's wife's message), Rawl. B 512, 72b cited Plummer MS. notes. Perh. also: gach arg cumhdaigh ar do chuid `belongs to thee', SGS iv 60 § 3 . bí ar mo chuid be on my side, Dán Dé i 3 .

2 With follg. prepp.: c.¤ cáich dinrath diadu, Wb. 5d6 . truagh an chuid-sin dom chrábhadh, Dán Dé xxviii 25 . do chuid don chondradh `thy part in this transaction', O'Hara 2258 . fá phéin . . . a choda don tsaoghal do chailleamhuin wordly goods, Desid. 3970 . a chuidigh ar an gclasach, IGT Decl. ex. 2107 `his part of the ditch', Bard. Synt. Tr. 180.11 . ni dlig fer in bunait c.¤ indib `the original owner is not entitled to any share in them', Laws iv 180.24 . manibe cuid deid inda gabail `if thou have no share in receiving them', Mon. Tall. 128.17 . ann . . . ní roibhe ar gcuid `no claim on it' (of heaven), Aithd. D. 97.32 . ni fuil cuid duib isin fir sa (to demon), Otia i 115.6 . ismaith ach.¤ occa `good is His share in it', Wb. 26d18 .

3 Of property, possession, means : do chuaidh mo shúil tar mo chuid, Dánta Gr. 88.1 . ar tairccsin a choda (cotach, R), Grail 3842 . mo chuid is cuid mh'anma, Dán Dé xxix 10 . ní . . . do chuid na comharsan neighbour's goods, Parrth. Anma 2537 . adhluicthear iad lé cuid dhuine eile at somebody else's expense, Mac Aingil 971 . bith-shearbh do chruth ┐ do chuid `followers(?)', Dán Dé xxix 22 .

4 Of partiality, love for a person: ni fil diib mnaí nachit charad no ná beth c.¤ duit who was not partial to thee, LU 3269 ( SCC 6 ). ni raibi c.¤ menman na aicenta di ann she had no vestige of love for him, Acall. 5696 . mo cuid, mo cuisle (term of endearment), Ériu ii 89 § 9 . `mochuidig tu' ol in t-espocc; conid de do len Mochuda de, BNnÉ 291 § 5 . ro ba chuid chroide leo faicsin na bflathuaisled `their hearts hailed the advent of . . .', Caithr. Thoirdh. 56.35 .

5 portion of food, meal; evening meal (frequ. cuitig in this sense. Cf. "cuddy", Irish cuid oidhche, of the State Papers', Féil. Mhic Néill 21.11 ). oc ergnom cota methli, LU 4349 . opar in lochta asa c.¤-seo, 4351 . ind ingen no gebed láim fora cuitseom, 6006 (TBC). slicht a ḟíacal 'na ch.¤ (sign of fop), Triads 103 . co mbad ch.¤ fíach, Ériu iv 94.6 . caith do chutig, LB 151a35 . is ferr . . . a chutig do breith dó `his ration', MacCongl. 13.27 . a cuidigh nír chognadair, IGT Decl. ex. 1344 . co fargdais c.¤ na aidchi (of birds), TBC-LL² 1707 . tar cend chota na hoidchi by way of supper, LB 134a48 . cuid corgais, BNnÉ 282.22 . ar ēnchuid Chorghuis, Celtica i 219.348 `principal meal on a fast day', Gloss. thoirbhir é féin dúinn ina chuid dhēidhenaigh Last Supper, Parrth. Anma 833 . cuid ┐ dīnnéur prandium . . . coena, Rial. S.F. 350 .

6 Of cited words force, meaning: ise c.¤ in dilmuin is ecin, Laws ii 82.15 Comm. is e c.¤ in acht and, iv 42.1 Comm. 46.11 Comm.

7 As pron.: c.¤ oc marbad duni some, Ériu xix 60 § 8 . in c[h]uid nār marbad dīb those who . . ., ML² 385 . do chuid ēigin do na cairdionālaibh, Beatha S. F. 927 . cuid 'na ndúsgadh dhíobh ┐ cuid 'na cciúnus, 1051 . ro mebaid ar in cuid ele the others, Grail 3315 . ag gabháil ar chuid aca, ┐ ag marbhadh choda eile, Mk xii 5 .

8 With follg. gen. some, a certain amount : cen ch.¤ ṅdígnai `without a whit of reproach', Fél. July 29 . cuid focall ┐ impide, AU i 560.12 . cen ch.¤ cairde, Snedg. u. Mac R 12 § 50 . cuid amharais `matter of doubt', TD 7.4 . a Chrīst gan cuid cairighthe O Christ free from censure, ACL iii 230.z . gan chuid caithmhe, Dán Dé iv 20 . mairg fer budh cuid coindmedha, IGT Decl. ex. 864 . Follg. exx. from Laws are perh. to be refd. to this section, though sense may be rather due, proportion, fixed amount, etc.: c.¤ forbaig, Ir. Recht 34 § 36 . do cuiti frithe `waif-share', Laws v 324.1 Comm. co cuiti geill, 346.20 Comm. cuitig tobaig `Eintreibungsanteil', Ir. Recht 59.12 (see above). ma fis cen trebaire, dilius cuiti feasa iar ndechmad, ┐ ni fuil crich fri cuite trebaire, O'Curry 2392 ( Eg. 88, 30bb ). is cuiti treb-dire is esbadhach air[e] `a share of house-`dire ', Laws v 162.25 Comm. is é c.¤ tucaite gach neich dib, O'D. 578 ( H 3.17, 444 ) (see tucait). cuit urgnuma `Besorgungsanteil', Stud. in E. Ir. Law 59 § 30 . With possess. and follg. gen. of noun replacing simple noun: íc ithí a codach arain ┐ immí eating their bread and their butter, IT iii 101. z . do chuid chroinn ón aongha inn thy lot, Aithd. D. 84.19 (see n.). co cabra a c.¤ carat dear ones, Ériu xix 5 § 5 . in bhar ccuid ionnmhais, Beatha S. F. 2235 . ? ní fuil écht do choite féin inti (a horse), SG 242.32 . Phr. c.¤ ronna appar. = c.¤ : mo chuid ronna dhíobh ar ndul `after the death of my chosen ones', Aithd. D. 14.21 . dod chuid ranna go rua sinn `may I come among thy folk', Dán Dé xxviii 22 . loighead na codach comhronna, Ériu viii 135.2 . bhur ccuid ronna = portio vestra, Rial. S.F. 1460 . an triocha chét sin . . . do chuid ronna, Hugh Roe² 40.10 . Note also: cor' brisidur muineil chodach acu some of them, Fier. 213 . ataid lochta nach cuidich orro considerable(?), IGT Metr. Faults§ 87 .

9 a matter of, a mere : ni síratrab act is c.¤ fresligi, Wb. 3d4 . isc.¤ airicc camai nigaib airechas `it is a mere finding however; it gets not leadership', 3d8 . ní ba c.¤ adíll cucuib-si gl. manebo; a matter of a (mere) visit (?) `a passing visit', 14a8 . Cf. 27b25 and Ml. 102a15 . cid do uáir .i. c.¤ hóre gl. etsi ad horam, 16b5 . c.¤ ree `for a time', Tur. 71 . ní c.¤ broto acht is dugrés gl. ad momentum, Ml. 32c10 . c.¤ foammamigtho tantum ón `as to subjugation only', 67c2 . is c.¤ atoíbthe nammá `it is a mere adherence', Sg. 29b15 . 18 . anas c.¤ erroris annt gl. non ipsum errorem, ZCP vii 481.29 ( Enchir. Aug. 74b ). This may also be the use in: cuid aidhbhsighthe, Content. xiv 47 . ger chuid mhaoidhimh `something to boast of', O'Hara 917 . TD 10.22 . mélltar is-in c.¤-si do'n chennaigecht, PH 7585 `in this very matter of merchandise', Gloss.

10 In phr. ar ch.¤ with gen. as regards : arch.¤ óisa et bésa `as regards age and morals', Wb. 28d24 . arcomfulidib ar ch.¤ ceneuil `our kinsmen by race', Ml. 66d1 . ar ch.¤ suin tantum , Sg. 59b8 . 112a2 . 138a5 . 200b8 . ar ch.¤ choemdha `in the matter of cohabitation', Blathm. 154 . atometha lat ar mo ch.¤ féin, LU 10907 `as for me', Ériu xii 184 § 14 . Note also: is í breath rucadh uir[ri-si] ana c.¤ féin, Ériu iii 150.x . ar chuid Chuinn . . . ar a cuid(h)siomh, ML 70.29 . mo cuid-se dhe, as lor leam . . . as for me, Luc. Fid. 3765 . ? ní bá mo ch.¤-se . . . dorega farcend `so far as concerns me, ye shall not be opposed', TTr.² 338 = ZCP xxx 53 .

11 With cid: cid c.¤ a foraithmit dam `even as to their recollection by me', gl. in memoriam, Ml. 37c14 . cid c.¤ a ocmaide nammá `even as to touching it only', 39a10 . cid c.¤ áimraid commenic `even as to mentioning it frequently', gl. in familiarem usum, 11 .

12 In adv. phr. ara ch.¤-sidi however, nevertheless (`as to it', `as regards this', etc., Thes.): nímptha fírion ara ch.¤ sidi gl. sed non in hoc etc., Wb. 8d24 . ciasu airegdu in fer arach.¤ sidi nirubi nechtar de cenalail neque mulier sine uiro , 11c17 . arách.¤ sidi is de corpore dissi gl. num ideo non est de corpore? 12a26 . ni fetar sa mo imthechta arach.¤-ade gl. si autem tardauero, 28c10 . ar[a] ch.¤ sidi gl. quamuis, Sg. 184b1 . 195b4 .

sō: da-nō, Ir. Gosp. Thom. § 22 . shō: 'nō, DDána 175 § 29 . 'nó, LL ii 11121 (TBC) . See Ériu liii 139: of unknown origin in spite of Zeuss 1005, n. 3 . Perhaps da-no, da-nu, cf. co-nu, ACC 66 , nu, ib. 11 , and BB 318 a 33 : dā .i. da nui insein; daniu, Cambr. (modelled on didiu? daniu: danu = didiu: didu); niu the dative of ní in Mil seems a late form and should not be compared. It is worth noticing that in the Enchir. Aug. 85 a ( ZCP vii 485. 6 ) Lat. denuo is glossed by nuu. The oldest meaning of dano is that of denuo ` anew, again ' (e.g. Mon. Tall. 149. 26 ). All other meanings arose from this.

A OLD-IR. Usually written dā = dano or dana.

daniu, Cambr. 37 d .

daneu, Cambr. 38 a , 38 b .

dano in full, Wb. 5 c 12 , 5 d 23 , 9 c 10 , 32 c 2 ; Ml. 43 a 22 .

dono in full, Wb. 2 d 10 , 8 d 5 , 7 d 16 .

dana in full, Wb. 5 c 18 . Elsewhere always dā in Wb.

danau, Ml. 37 a 8 .

The 8th century MS Cín Dromma Snechta had dā.

B MID.-IR. Usually written dā, as in Old-Ir., and dō.

dano in full, Laws i 26. 22 ; 28. 17 , 25 ; 242. 18 .

dono is the usual form in the Laws; always nó dono; (nó dō); in full RC xi 446, l. 55 ; Laws i 236. 20 (cid dono); Death-tales of the Ulster heroes § 4 ; Lib. Flav. 16 a 1 . 2 .

dona in full RC xi 444. 1 .

dana in full, ScM. 17 ( IT i 105. 5 ), H 3. 18 ; TE 13 ( IT i 127. 4 ), Eg. dana supported by the rhyme Acall. 3852 .

dāa, RC xi 444. 1 f.b.

dōo, Laws i 8. 1 .

denu in full RC xii 72 § 44 , Harl.; dē, ib. 86 § 93 .

doná, AFM iii 34. 3 ; 34. 14 ; 38. 10 ; 40. 6 ; 48. 11 ; TFrag. 8. 15 .

nú (: Lúachrú; no, v.l.), Three Historical Poems, 112 q.23Aa .

Syncopated forms:

dno in full, Thes. ii 308. 5 (Preface to Fiacc's Hymn; but dā, 307. 4 , 9 .); ib. 325. 7 (Preface to Ultan's Hymn, Franc.). Laws i 112. 1 ; 220. 8 - 16 ; v 368. 9 . CCC § 2 LU (v.l. dā). TBC-LL¹ 3756 ( LL 86 a 37 ). LL 34 b 31 (: rempo). BB 109 a 20 ; 353 a 31 ; 296 b 51 ; 322 a 14 , 19 , 21 , 22 (most frequent in this MS). Hib. Min. 15 (l. 51 , 58 ); 18 (458) ; 40 st 3 (Rawl.). RC xii 100. 1 ; 108. 1 (Harl.); ib. 108. 11 ; 92 § 122 ; 82. 1 f.b. ; 58 § 12 ; 72 § 43 . ZCP iii 227. 21 (Harl.); 249. 10 ; 228 § 3 ; 237 § 27 . ACL iii 2. 5 . Anecd. iii 25. 16 . dā = dno supported by the rhyme, LL 8 a 39 , 144 a 9 . dō = dno supported by the metre, ACL iii 297 st 60 , H. 3. 18.

dna in full: Laws i 20. 7 . RC xiii 377. 8 (H. 3. 18), v.l. dā. ScM. § 19 Harl., v.l. dā. Cog. 160. 25 . TFrag. 148. 11 . AFM i 470. 10 f.b. ; iii 110. 17 ; 118. 1 .

d, TBC-LL¹ (LL) 2298 ; ib. p. 179 n. 3 (Stowe-MS). ZCP iii 249. 25 ; 251. 4 . Lib. Flav. 26 b 1 . 43 . RC xii 66 § 33 (Harl.); ib. 72 § 44 ; 74 § 53 ; 98 § 131 . Hib. Min. 15 (l. 53) , 18 (l. 449) .

do, RC xii 104 § 149 .

no (short `o,' cf. below; nó, LL 90 a 3 = TBC-LL¹ 4318 ; cf. no rhyming with dó, BB 297 b 42 ; written l-, LL 55 b 27 = TBC-LL¹ 200 ): TBC-LL¹ (LL) 437 , 2826 , 2835 , 2839 , 2911 , 2914 , 2948 , 3167 (?), 3239 , 3647 , 3745 , 3753 , 3756 , 3885 , 4241 , 4261 , 4305 , 4322 , 4332 , 4343 , 4355 , 4365 , 4392 , 5018 , 6023 . CRR § 7 l. 9 ( LL 172 a 1 ), § 9 l. 8 ( 172 b 2 ), § 14 l. 5 , § 25 l. 6 , § 34 l. 2 , § 41 l. 4 , § 46 l. 7 , § 51 l. 11 . LL 57 a 33 , 91 a 54 , 101 a 2 , 172 b 48 , 175 a 42 . BB 46 a 19 , 269 b 51 , 297 b 42 (= IT iii 12 § 21 ). Laws v 368. 17 (? ar is ón no darcid inn[d]omon do duiniu).

for `dni' AFM v 1552 read didiu ( dī, Aut. MS fo 87 a ).

Of the Old-Ir. forms dono arose from dano, as ocus from acus, under the influence of the u-shaded `n.' At the time of the Würzburg Glosses dano was still kept distinct from dono, the latter being used after interrogatives apparently as an enclitic, without accent: ar cia dono, Wb. 2 d 10 . cepu dono, 7 d 16 . ce dono, 8 d 15 (cf. cid dono, Laws i 48. 24 ; 54. 3 f.b. ).

The syncopated Mid.-Ir. forms dno, no retaining `o' show that also in Old-Ir. the stress fell on the ultimate, as dano stressed on the penultimate would have given Mid.- Ir. dana. The Mid.-Ir. writing denu ( RC xii 72 § 44 , cf. dechum, debert) points in the same direction. Compare also the writing doná in the FM. In poetry the accent falls on the ultimate:

Acall. 3852 : mairg dadhair don luing dana. nachasainic Tonn Chlidna.

The syncopated form is often used in poetry for the convenience of the metre. It appears in several poems ascribed to poets of the 11th and 12th centuries, e.g.—

LL 144 a 9 : Almon rathuit artús dā (dno leg.) i nEtail ra Troiano.

(a poem by Giolla an Choimdhedh Ua Cormaic of the early 12th century).

LL 8 a 39 : anmand tri mac Nemid dā (dno leg.) Luach Cessarni ┐ Luachro.

(poem by Tanaidhe Ua Maoilchonaire †1136; v.l. no, BB 46 a 19 ).

LL 34 b 31 : i ndáil fer talman sund dno [labrad] (cf. l. 43 ) lá is aidchi rempo.

(poem by Cúán O'Lothcháin †1024).

Further in a 10th-century poem from Rawl. 1 a 1 , Hib. Min. 40 st 3 :

fuilriud már guin dóine dno ocus plág for pecthacho.

in Fingen mac Flainn's poem on the Fir Arddae from the middle of the 9th century, ACL iii 297 st 60 :

ní mandingentar dno dóibsium dál ndrong ndelech.

and ICM st 188 :

atchitis dno (sic leg.) triasan tor sin forsin dorus atreab nálaind &c.

This brings us back to the time of the Codex Sangallensis; whence it follows that dno, though not occurring in any MS older than the LU, belongs to the Old-Ir. period.— No was developed from dno in Mid.-Ir. time. It seems impossible to fix the date of this development accurately. The appearance of `no' in old poetry, as BB 46 a 19 , 297 b 42 , is no test, as no might be a late substitute for dno. The fact that the earliest instances occur in the LL points to the 12th century. In Mid.-Ir. MSS dā, dno, and no go hand in hand. The spoken form was dno, later no; but the traditional writing dā lingered on for centuries in the MSS. No is found in MSS from the early 13th to the 15th century, when it became obsolete. The FM write doná, dana, dna, purely literary forms. In the Annals of Ulster the particle does not in any form occur after the year 1204 ( AU ii 242. 2 ).

In Mid.-Ir. no syntactical distinction is made between dā, dno, dna, and no. The particle is never placed at the head of the sentence, but can, apart from this, occupy almost any position within it. It follows stressed and unstressed words, and appears particularly often after emphasising particles, a circumstance which contributed to the syncope of the first syllable. It gives a certain emphasis to the accented word immediately preceding. The following is a synopsis of the most common positions of the particle:

(1) asbeir daniu ind apstol, Cambr. 37 d. torchratar no muinter Fintain, LL 91 a 54 . bemmini dano, Wb. 9 c 10 . mathidsom dano, Mon. Tall. 138. 26 . dogénsa no, CRR § 9 .

(2) abi mogasi dano, Wb. 27 c 17 . (is) maith dano, ib. 33 a 5 . bat roumal dano in fer sin, Mon. Tall. 159. 2 . is ferr dano lais, ní haurcuil dano lais MT.

(3) issí dano, Wb. 19 b 12 . issed dano, Mon. Tall. 136. 13 et pass. cipé no, TBC-LL¹ 200 .

(4) (a) uait no, CRR § 7 . dóib no, TBC-LL¹ 3239 . (b) is samlid dano, Wb. 21 b 2 . etrunni dano, ib. 12 b 12 . forthusom no LL 172 b 48 . uaimse no, TBC-LL¹ 4305 .

(5) is annsin dano tanccatar, BDD 151. 7 . intan dano, ib. § 162 . on uair dano ronuc, Laws i 18. 11 .

(6) a forbi tra dano, Mon. Tall. 128. 7 .

(7) after a noun in all cases except the vocative: nom. in hilur dano asberr a rind hi roṡoithe, Sg. 73 a 11 . gabtha díberg dano la suide, BDD § 41 . Diarmait dano abb ĺa lais, Mon. Tall. 153. 17 . acc. nicodoes mír feolai dano, Mon. Tall. 129. 22 . gen. cend Ferchon Longsig no, LL 80 a 44 . bóisom ic fechadh a bhráthar no, TBC-LL¹ 3885 . dat. do díb lethaib no, LL 175 a 42 . da saigid no, TBC-LL¹ 4261 .

Dā, no (&c.) is a particle mainly employed in principal clauses, though both in Old- and Mid.-Ir. it also appears in secondary ones. Already in Old-Ir. often = didiu, trá. In Mid.-Ir. MSS the interchange between dā, dī, tra, and imorro is quite common; cf. Windisch's note IT Glossary 467 . dā, LL 316 b 28 = dī, BB 133 b 9 . Particularly common issed dī = issed dā, nó dī = nó dō.

I adv Also, further, in addition, besides, as well, too , as a further point or circumstance tending in the same direction. Often with 1 ocus, acus, íarum, íarom, íaram, iar tain, beus, olchena, opp. cétamus Mon. Tall. 136. 23 .

A In the apodosis or main clause, preceded by a subordinate clause expressing:

(a) comparison : amal gnís tra Críst in iustis...is samlid dā gniith demun in filiís defidentiae thus, too, worketh the Devil in f.d. Wb. 21 b 2 . amal as hiress ronóib Abracham nitat gnīma rechto issí dā robnóibsi it also has sanctified you ib. 19 b 12 . amal bete som i nimpudiu inna brithemnacte bemmini dano, ib. 9 c 10 . amal durígni inna gnímu sechmadachtai dugéna dā innahí tairngir hisa todochide, Ml. 50 d 10 . amal it dá lebur fichet it dí litir fichet dā, ib. 2 d 2 . Cf. ib. 69 b 3 . amal as messe dudaforsat inna dúli is me dā bæras mes firian foraib, ib. 94 b 7 . amal nách forcenn libuir...ní forcenn libuir dā, Hib. Min. 22. 6 . Cf. also: amal file oentid eter baullu coirp duini conroib óintu etrunni dā hore ammi corp Críst, Wb. 12 b 12 .

(b) condition : acht robæ quies et tranquilitas regibus bieid dā dúnni a ndede sin, Wb. 28 a 23 . dóecastar i mbí hinun folud bís indib ┐ a cétnide. mad inun is óinrann dā if it be the same it is also one part (of speech), Sg. 188 a 6 . madh tochus cin innrucus nama ┐ maith do dénum de as letheineclund dono beos, Laws i 54. 3 f.b. Cf. also Wb. 14 d 24 : intí dia ndílgidsi dalugubsa dā, where a relative clause takes the place of a conditional one.

(c) time : o adcuaid...a ndorigeni Dia airriu de maid asbeir iarum dā arandathidisom di maith, Wb. 21 d 11 . ho imrordai nech didiu isind [ḟ]recdairc...in tairsitiu adchí dolbthai dā iarum he also afterwards feigns it PCr. 64 a 1 .

(d) cause or reason : hore...adib cretmich infectsa cretmech dā for cland, Wb. 10 a 6 . huare techtas nerta is cóir dā iarum cobsaide oc díten a muntairai, Ml. 85 a 4 .

(e) concession : v. V (a).

B In principal clauses repeating the verb of the preceding clause, with or without `ocus'; also, again . Type: dorochair Laimidon...dorochratar dā forgla ríg ┐ taísech na Troiana, Aen. 18 .

(a) cop.: ishé som doradchiúir ┐ ishé dā as taidcricc it is he also that is the ransom Wb. 2 b 9 . ished ón immurgu as fír et is fír dā esséirge omnium post sé , ib. 13 b 23 . is oc frecur céill dæ atáa (sc. mo chland) is occa dā attósa, ib. 29 d 6 . ropo do Dáil Chonchobair dosom ┐ rop ed dā do máthair Brigte, Thes. ii 325. 4 . is misiu ém dorat...is me dō rothairmisc, TE § 13 Eg. ropa cridiscél dam cédamus ...ropo cridiscél dam dā...┐..., Mon. Tall. 136. 23 . ba hamnus muirn na curud...amnus d an tarneuch ruboi and, RC xii 98. 17 ; cf. Ériu v 238. 5 . conid desin...is de dno hence also RC xii 106 § 162 . indligid don fechemain apad... indligid dō don bidbaid a élod sum im dliged, Laws i 114. 20 . isé rothomais ótha esca co gréin...isé dō rothomais, &c. , ib. 28. 11 , 14 .

(b) subst. verb: cach genitiu dichoisin ataat indib in dí chéill se sís. atá dā hi `sui,', Sg. 209 b 29 . bátar Ulaid oc ól i taig F....bái dā ben ind F. oc airiuc don tṡluag, IT i 67. l. 3 . atá...atá dā, RC xiii 458 § 56 . ar atát foruis...atá dō forus, Laws ii 128. 19 . dáig atát na .uii. Mani...┐ atúsa com thegluch no, TBC-LL¹ 437 . atá limsa for M. buaid cluaisse. ata limsa dā for M. A. buaid rodeirc, BDD § 48 .

(c) other verbs: ut Paulus ait...ocus asbeir daniu ind apostol, Cambr. 37d . rohucad airechas inna Rómæ co Constantinopoil. rucad dā a ainmm, Sg. 174 a 1 . Cf. ib. 73 a 12 (in hilur dā = is in h.d). rodelb iartin dluma in talman...rodelb dō na hocht ngaetha...rodelb dona datha na ngaeth, Laws i 26. 27 , 30 ; 28. 5 . dorimchell (v.l. rothairmcheall) rígusciu Hérend ria matain...toróchell (v.l. dorarmchell) dā prímlocha Hérend r.m. before morning he had also travelled to the chief lakes of Erin BDD § 155 ; ib. § 95 . tarlaic...dosléicimse dā, IT i 101. 16 . sadais ind snáthaid fo thrí inda dernaind co toltnadar na trí srotha folæ asind láim...saididsiom dā ind snáthat...co tultatar dā, &c. , he thrusts again the needle into her hand Mon. Tall. 149. 26 . dorad M. ocht fichtiu bo don Choimdhigh. dorat dā baile ic Drochat Átha, AU ii 130. 8 ; cf. also 130. 6 . asbert... asbert dā, RC xi 450. 130 . dogníth side na harma...dogníth dō L. soer na crondo...dugníth dno C. cerd na semonn, RC xii 92. 1 f.b. , 94. 4 . ícais an gilde den indel cétnæ...ícais d an gille d.i.c., ib. 68. 7 . focres forrai dno dus &c....focres forra d dus..., ib. 72 § 44 . dorochratar a trí comlín leo ┐ torchratar no muinter F., LL 91 a 54 . issed atberat som ...asberat dā, ib. 125 b = Ériu v 212. 2 . is amlaid tánic som...is amlaid tánic in Mane Andoe no, TBC-LL¹ 2826 . atbert cend cach ḟir díb bara lííc ┐ atbert cend Ferchon Longsig no bar lííc, ib. 2914 . táncatar rempo...et tánic no Fiacho, ib. 2948 . rachúaid dóib...dachuaid dóib no, &c. , ib. 3239 . Cf. also ib. 4299 - 4322 ; 2911 . atraacht C....atraacht trian slóig Ulad laisium no, CRR § 34 1. 2 ; ib. § 9 (rogniad... daronait dā). adorcradar som ┐ torcramar dō and we too are fallen Acall. 3174 . Cf. ib. 3399 (dō). roíarfacht didiu di araile cidh dorala dó...roḟiarfacht dā dḟir aile in cétna, Cóir Anm. p. 320. 6 f.b. genfidh ón ḟir sin ┐ ót ingin siu rígradh na hEtaile ┐ genfidh dō uaidib airdrigh na huili domun, Aen. 1519 . dochoncadar arna rindad fuath na Trai. rorindad and dō dealb in chatha...┐ rorindad ind dō amal rochathaig P., ib. 312 ; further exx. 256 . 326 . 477 . 568 . 1780 . gaeth mór...rothrasccair railghi. rothrasccair doná sé fichit crann i nDoire C. C., AFM iii 38. 10 . AU ii 192. 8 (dō).

C In principal clauses introducing a new predicate with or without `ocus.'

(a) the sentence introduces an additional action or condition of the subject of the preceding clause, the subjects being the same: robtar erdarcu de dind ulc doratad forro leusom ┐ roptar inducbaidiu de dā apud Deum, Ml. 47 a 17 . dobir cros dit sailiu for óchtar do chinn ┐ dogní a tóirand sa dā .U. fort chiunn, Thes. ii 249. 4 . rochúm [Día] in firmaimint imacuairt uime (sc. in talam)...rodelb dō iartin dluma in talman, Laws i 26. 25 . in mét dona fuil ó thalmain coruice suide (sc. in firmamint) issed dono fuil ó thalmain sís co fudomain ifirn, ib. i 28. 18 . rofiarfaig iarum don corrguinech dús cia cumang gonanacair... imcomaircidh dno den deogbori..., RC xii 82. 1 . Amenicán imráidim ┐ dno cóin innláidim, ACL iii 2. 3 .

(b) dā introducing a new subject and a new verb. The sense of dā becomes more emphatic, the statement being strongly marked as additional to what has been said before: further, besides, moreover . cum manu sapere plena fuerit .i. no rapere fit in aliis libris ┐ is manus dā bís indib, Ml. 36 b 2 . inna aithissi dombeirtis som fornni batir athissi dā daitsiu a Dæ, ib. 90 d 17 ; ib. 40 a 15 . dagnítis dā int Ṡabindai aní sin, Sg. 28 a 10 . sed etiam in accentibus, gl. biid dā comaitecht ceneuil do chenéul i naiccendaib, ib. 75 a 7 . is and ba hadaig for feraib Uloth. feraid snechtae már foroib dā (dno LU) CCC § 2 , ib. § 31. 4 . ní déntar ceth crosfigill...etar dí nodlaic. mathid som (i.e. Maelruain) dā and salmu aurnaigthe do chetal, Mon. Tall. 138. 26 . canir dā biad fri aitherruch aidchi lúoin. cantir dā salm aurnaigthi aidchi ndomnaich...fogní dā ailli mési laissom (i.e. Maelrúain) aidchi lúoin, ib. 131. 6 - 9 . is ferr laisiom dā he thinks it better, moreover ib. 161. 29 . is ferr dā lais, ib. 147. 27 ; similarly: is aurchail lais dā, 164. 14 . ni haurch. d.l. 143. 18 ; 161. 26 ; cf. also the common phrases issed dā is chóir (is maith, is dóig) la (or issed i. c. lais dā), ib. 134. 11 , 16 ; 148. 8 ; 161. 21 . Other exx. 136. 13 ; 143. 2 , 3 ; 161. 13 .— fochairt iarom for tech nand ... imarnic dō fri oclaig naile, RC xi 4461. 50 . birt roth leis ond óclaich... dobert dono uball dó, ib. 4461. 55 . ar ba fáith si dā she was also a prophetess ib. 4481. 81 . inor aodhar imbe ised dē uchtlebar, ib. xii 86 § 93 ; cf. 72. 19 . ronaisceatar fomoraig a cíos for Érinn...dobretha d na trénfiræ a foghnam dou, ib. 64. 1 . ┐ atrubairt dā in fer cétna riss and moreover the same man said BDD p. 152 . dorónsat baindea muiridhi dia longaib ┐ roiadh dō mórṡluagh na R. do leith tíri, Aen. 2348 . dorala dō olc ele and moreover, another evil happened, ib. 484 . loisccthear Slicceach leo. romarbad dana mac Corbmaic, AFM iii 362. 9 . tucsat ár for gallaibh...domilltea dō Laigin leo, AU ii 164. 7 ; 130. 8 .

D Often in the sense of `too' (`also') immediately after nouns and pronouns (or emphasising particles): domini, quod iustum est seruis praestáte...et uos dominum habetis in caelo .i. abi moga si dā atá for coimdiu i nnim ye, too, are servants Wb. 27 c 17 . cid sisi dā ronfitid ni, 15 c 28 . si totum corpus oculus, ubi auditus, gl. bid corp són dā that, too, will be body, 12 a 27 , cf. són dā, 18 d 2 , 25 c 11 . duber som ainm fíno dun pláig duber[r] for nech ( 77 d 3 )... duber ainm fína dusuidiu dā he gives the name of wine to that too Ml. 77 d 4 . uetustissimi...`plerus plera plerum' (solebant proferre), gl. robói són dā leo this, too, they had Sg. 75 b 4 . ruc som fuil ṁbic uaimse no from me, too TBC-LL¹ 4305 , 4318 (nó). corocherddainse no mo búraig ferge that I too may LL 176 b 26 ( CRR § 41. 4 ). dober comermitin féid fris fessin ┐ fri deacht maic dā do dóinacht mac, Ml. 127 d 10 - 11 . cum Clemente .i. dalte Petir. rachomalnastar sede dā he, too, had fulfilled it Wb. 24 a 37 . Conchobar dā (v.l. dō) hissuidiu inna charput...eirrid Uloth olchenae inna carptib...Bricriu dā (v.l. dō) leo, CCC § 1 . birt macc. laír dā (v.l. dō) bói i ndorus in tige trogais dá lurchuire, ib. § 3 . in pendit...a dénam doa macc accus a sétig dā do pennait that his wife also should do penance Mon. Tall. 163. 18 . Diarmait dā lais, ib. 153. 17 . atá i rriagailib ailibh dā cosmailius fitta in other rules also, 156. 17 ; 138. 36 ; 151. 6 . gid iat Greic nomtairsidh romuirfidis me. Troianaig dō ad buidin bidbudh dam the Trojans, too, are a multitude hostile to me Aen. 458 . —In phrases like the following: isin chath sin dno robenad a láṁ de Nuadaid, RC xii 58 § 11 , the particle goes with the preceding noun (pronoun) and may be rendered by same. bói cath for Scathaig isind aimsir sin dō fri tuathu eile at that time also, at that same time ib. xi 448. 4 f.b. is inntisin dō táinic hEoan in that same year AU ii 192. 10 . sluaghadh la M...┐ is foran sluaghadh sin dā romarbadh hua hInneirghi, ib. 128. 9 . isin bliadain sin dō táinic mórgaith adhbuil, ib. 192. 5 . is annsin dā tánccatar dá prímmucaid Eterxel fón doiri at the same time BDD p. 151. 7 . —Compare also Wb. 6 b 25 : omnes enim stabimus ante tribunal Dei, gl. aratá brithem and cenutsu .i. deus. ishé side dā as éola and, where dā seems to emphasise the reference to Deus.

E Often in enumerations without a verb; espec. in the Laws and in the Annals (to introduce a new entry). cethruimi fair ar sellcecht...cethruime dona...cethruimi dono, Laws i 242. 12 . lethchumul dno ó fethemuin... lethchumul dno ó bidbuid...cumul dno...┐ cumul dno..., ib. i 220. 8 - 16 . impudh Uladh dā for Ua L....crech dō leo for Uib Bresail, AU ii 146. 17 . crech la Nial...crech eile dō, ib. i 582. 13 . maidm for Connachta ria feraibh Breifne. maidm dana re Connachta for f. B., ib. i 520. 14 . sloghadh la M...sloghad dā la D., ii 82. 4 ; 88. 18 ; 128. 12 ; 186. 21 . ithé mo thrí indroscc. giallnai do Scathaig...muinterus dā frimsa dadaich, &c. , RC xi 450 l. 127 . FB § 28 . Cf. the 12 times repeated `cia cléirech dā' BColm. 102. 15 - 103. 11 .

F ní (ná, nách)...dano nor...either, like Germ. `auch nicht.' ní lour in bendachad...ní lour dano in nebmaldachad auch geniigt nicht nicht zu fluchen Wb. 5 d 23 . ar ní cumuing side dā imfogbaidetid ná lánamnas manip tol apud mulierem, 9 d 18 . nihil enim intulimus in hunc mundum, haud dubium quod nec auferre quid possimus .i. ní béram ass dā, 29 b 15 . et uos, domini, eadem facite illís .i. nachiberpid si dā ibar cumachtu, 22 d 6 ; cf. 3 a 14 , 9 d 5 . amal nad frescat bás inna cethrai ní bí dā cida fresciso in báis etir lasna dóini so, Ml. 69 b 3 . ní díltai dā (sc. Priscianus) in cétbuid nísin leugnet auch nicht Sg. 201 b 10 . Compare RC xii 68 § 36 . Mon. Tall. 129. 22 ; 131. 22 ; 143. 15 ; 145. 19 ; 160. 4 .

G nó dano, nó dono, nó dno ( BB 323 b 7 . Laws i 112. 1 ), nó no ( BB 35 b 7 ) = emphasised nó, often interchanging with simple `nó.' or, or else . Synon. nó didiu, Fél. 2. 13 . PH 7082 . nach dú immurgu inimfogni fri foxlid nó fritobarthid dā wherever it is construed with the ablative or dative Ml. 27 c 10 . nó dō (v.l. nó itá i.e. ita), ACL iii 293. 16 . Very common in the Laws to introduce a new and different opinion. dogabar eneclann do neoch a dualgus a dhána...┐ nocha faghbar a dualgus a chinn...nó dō go fathar eneclann dó a dualgus a dhána ┐ in chinn aga nderna uirrned, Laws i 62. 2 f.b. senchus dō a `sen' fil ann is ónní as senex atá...nó dō a `sen' fil ann is ónní is sensus, ib. 34. 28 ; ib. 36. 2 ; 40. 7 ; 68. 5 f.b. ; 96. 17 : 106. 35 ; 108. 5 ; 112. 1 ; 128. 17 ; 130. 7 f.b. ; 188. 7 ; 228. 9 ; 250. 4 (no dō cena); 274. 1 ; 296. 1 ; ii 22. 18 ; iv 8. 10 ; 12. 20 ; 256. 8 f.b. — Aedh Uaridnach .i. uara idna tigdís dó...nó A. Fúaridhnach...nó dā uara tigdís dó, Cóir Anm. § 121 ; ib. § 142 et pass. PH 5719. 5720 . 5654 (dō).

H ocus dano and moreover: rupu accubur leu etergne mu chumachti ┐ rusmbói dā, Wb. 33 a 11 . ocus dō fon cóir cétna cidh adultrus dogneth, Laws i 56. 8 f.b. ┐ dano or si, LU 9052 . aile dano: ainm naild dō din tibroid sin Loch Luibe, RC xii 96 § 126 . Imroll aile B. E. ainm aile do no, TBC-LL¹ 2835 .

I amlaid dano thus, thus also : is samlid dā, Wb. 12 c 46 . pronomen hi foirciunn indib. robu samlid dā robói `modi huius ' hi tosuch, Sg. 203 b 5 . is amlaid dō doroimsi in ferta, ACL iii 30 § 83 . sic dō, Laws i 114. 28 ; ii 244. 14 .

J dā in secondary clauses: is torbach du popul flaith firian leu .i. amal as ṁmaith dund flaith fessin dā, Ml. 90 b 11 . adcondairc...nombíth forcleith leo dā for tabairt a coibsen, Mon. Tall. 135. 19 . curo ícuit in cin dō, Laws i 60. 11 , &c. madeadh asbersa...madead asber dono , ib. i 8. 1 .

II Therefore, then, accordingly, itaque, et ita, igitur — both in principal and secondary clauses, drawing a conclusion from what has been said before. By the Irish themselves translated by ergo, igitur, ita (locus ergo, locus igitur, sic igitur, no ita ( ACL iii 293. 16 ) = loc dā, amlaid dā, nó dā). Common in the Glosses, esp. with imperative and in prohibitions, but rare in all Mid.-Ir. MSS.—

(a) si autem spiritu facta carnis mortificaueritis uiuetis, gl. ní bo líach dā a marbad killing them therefore were not regrettable Wb. 4 a 12 . is irlam ind anim do thuil Dée. todiusgadar dana ind anim do dénum maith let the soul, then, be roused to do good ib. 5 c 18 . similiter et uir sui corporis non habet potestatem sed mulier , gl. nách móided dā in fer infechtso hi cumachtu, 9 d 18 . do óis anfoirbthiu tra asrobrad insin. ná bad anfoirbthi si dā arnáp, &c., be ye not imperfect, then, lest, 12 d 26 . ní derlaichta a pecdæ doib acht duratad dígal forru. cenotad maic si raith dā ma imroimsid ní dílgibther duib, 33 b 8 . Further exx. from Wb.: 9 b 10 . 11 b 4 . 13 a 4 . 15 a 5 . 19 d 21 . 28 b 17 . —interrogemus igitur: imchomarcam dā, Ml. 18 a 1 .— vetustissimi tamen et `altera utra' et alterum utrum' solebant proferre, gl. daeltais dā foa dá nóg inna genitin they used to decline it then according to its two integrals in its genitive Sg. 75 b 3 . Setum pro Zethum, gl. biid dā sethvs pro z. Sethus then is for Z. ib. 184 a 1 . derbaid cenél dā i suidib aní remitatét what precedes them, then, certifies the gender in them, 197 b 5 . Cf. further 38 b 8 .— ní diṅgne su mo lessa afechtsa. is ferr let in fer ucut toenur. biat marb so dā (v.l. dna) limsa, RC xiii 377. 8 .

(b) in a weakened sense utpote, nempe, nimirum; videlicet; namely, to wit, that is to say, introducing an explanation or conclusion, like German `nämlich.' non enim per legem promisio facta est Abrachae aut semeni eius ut heres esset mundi sed per iustitiam fidei, gl. .i. dorairngred dā rombad oirdnide a chland ut `in semine tuo rl.' ( Gen. xxii 18 ) it had been foretold, then, that his children would be distinguished Wb. 2 c 12 . ut et ipsi misericordiam consequantur, gl. bid misericordia dano dodaessarsom nípa meritum intan creitfite it will be misericordia then that will save them when they shall believe: it will not be m. ib. 5 c 12 . Dei aedificatio estis secundum gratiam Dei quae data est mihi, gl. Pelagius: non secundum meam uirtutem .i. is per gratiam cotofutaincsi dā it is p. g. that he upbuilds you then, 8 c 16 . Dei et adorent eum omnes angili .i. it les dano indaingil, 32 c 2 . dico...quod idolum sit aliquid? .i. ní ní dā in tídol the idol, then, is not anything, 11 b 11 . Further instances: 10 b 19 . 12 d 12 . 12 d 21 (in secondary clause: arna tomontis dā). 13 a 30 . 16 d 3 (?). 25 a 29 . 27 c 34 . 29 a 28 . 29 d 1 .

Here also Laws i 74. 9 f.b. : in uime rocuiris tech andso ara tabhairt uait fecht naill? in uainn tucadh dō ar sé was it from us, then, it was taken? and Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 26. 3 : ticed Celtchar da tír ar Ulaid. ticed dā ar Conchobar let him come then.

III Very common in progressive description or narrative, indicating temporal and logical sequence: then, accordingly, so, upon which, thereupon, now . This usage arose from I, the original sense ` further, again ' being still perceptible.

(a) type: perge ad Columbam. dochóid ón dā `go to Columba' (said Satan). So he went Mon. Tall. 154. 17 . ercc co Comgald co ruccæ breith fort. dochóid som ón dā, ib. 154. 9 . fó duit cia nocotailtea. lasodain dona luig Fergus ina charpat ┐ contuil `it would be well for you to take a sleep.' So Fergus went into his chariot and slept, Laws i 72. 22 . telcar (sic leg.) issin tech hí. tánicc si dā issin tech, BDD p. 155. 9 . rotficbam co port i mbia innocht...dotaet dā reompa (v.l. téit iarom), ib. § 40 Eg. raráidsetar fir Hērend ri Tamun étgud Ailella do gabáil immi...ragabastarsom no étgud nAilella immi, TBC-LL¹ 2839 ( LL 79 b 30 ). raráidset...ri Mac Roth techta go Slíab Ḟúait...táinic Mac Roth reme no go S.F., ib. 4241 . asmbert Domnall nadmbai fóisitiu forcoitil Conculaind conrissed Scathaig bói fri hAlpai anair. nalotar dā...tar Alpai RC xi 444 l. 34 . asbert fris búi glend már ara chind. oentsét coel tairis...luid dō in sét sin nísin, ib. 446 l. 60 . Cf. also: rofaoidh días do thaisccéladh forna slóghaibh... dochódar sidhe dni (sic) go mbattar i ttréchumaiscc na slógh, AFM v 1552. 1 f.b.

(b) indicating progression in general. dothaet Conaire do saigid a harm...┐ gabaid glés nimberta a arm forsna díberga...tofuitet dā sé chét lais, BDD § 143 . bátar trí ríg ...oca urnaide seom...conacces som dō rout forsa mbátar then he was seen ib. § 14 . dolluid (sc. Derbforgaill) anair irricht dá géise ┐ a hinailt co mbátar for Loch Cuan. amail robói dā Cuchulainn ┐ Lugaid laa and conaccatar na heonu, Ériu v 208. 3 . dosrat a sním mór slóig na nG. umman ní sin ┐ rotimairgit dā maithi na nG. cusan rí imon caingin sin, ib. 146. 6 . dorragab som iarum ind praind iterum. robói si dā for suidiu co cend mbliadna Mon. Tall. 149. 24 , 29 . rucad iarum do muliund Ratha Cathair fa dí ┐ foremthes a bleith and...dochuaid dā timthirid Brigdi in tres fecht then B.'s servant went a third time Thes. ii 335. 33 . scaraid dā Bricriu friu iar sodain FB § 11 . ó dochóid tar Alpi ba brónach do díth a choiceli anais dana desuidiu ó roairigestar, RC xi 444. 1 f.b. ib. 444. 1 . TBC-LL¹ 2298 . dochótar immurro uile iarsin co Telaig hUa nD. co ndernsatar ossad mbliadna ┐ fir Muman. dodeochaid dō Domnall ar fut Connacht dia thig whereupon D. went home AU ii 90.23 . táinic Murchad cu nUlltaib cucu ┐ tucsat taelcad doib. romebaid dō for Gallaib, AU i 192. 15 ; 138. 18 , 19 .

(c) introducing a new event or indicating transition to an entirely new subject: now, now as to, as for . as ar chenél cruche adrímther in coicsath. filus trechenélae martre daneu adrímiter ar chruich now there are, &c., Cambr. 38a . ib. 38b . ba cara do Patraic hé (sc. Dubthach) ...luid dā Patraic fecht co tech in Dubthaig sin now P. once went to that D.'s house Thes. ii 307. 9 . nó is Brenainn dorigne in nimmun sa...locus ergo mare tempus uero Diarmata. tánic dā B. co Brigit now B. came to Brigit ib. 324. 21 . ib. 324. 1 . intan dā robói Macc Cecht fora áltaib isind ármaig conaccai in mnái sechae now when M. C. was lying wounded on the battlefield BDD § 162 (the preceding four paragraphs do not deal with M. C.). ib. § 163 , §165 . RC xii 108. 1 . cid Tuath Dei Dononn d derochratar go már isin chath now as for the T. D. D. they lost many men in the battle ib. 58 § 12 ; ib. 66 § 3 ; 74 § 53 ; 108. 1 ; 82. 1 f.b. ; 92 § 123 ; 72 § 44 ; 100. 1 ; 104 § 149 ; 102. 11 . isé dō cétní rotheip Dia asin maisi .i. in talam now the first thing which God separated from the mass was the earth Laws i 26. 22 (at the head of a new paragraph). dia té dō bidbuid i ndeaguid a athgabála tar crích now if the defendant, &c., ib. i 220. 19 . ib. 18. 11 ; 28. 23 . In the following exx. from the MT dā stands at the beginning of an entirely new passage: mad doairle sale dā ind láim oc praind imberar usci leosom iarum now if spittle falls on a man's hand, 142. 14 . intí dā arbir bith oss nallaid...non manducat, &c. , as to him that eats the flesh of a wild deer, he must not eat (any other flesh until the Easter following), 146. 8 ; ib. 128. 1 , 7 ; 156. 23 ; 160. 15 ; 162. 8 . Very common is the following type: teclaim ubald dā dia domnaich...ní fogni leusom now as to gathering of apples on a Sunday, it is not allowed amongst them ib. 145. 17 . gille dā nó timtirid ní hécen aithrigi di suidiu as for a servant, 142. 1 . aos tróg dā nád ebat amail cách now as to invalids, 147. 19 ; so also 153. 3 ; 161. 1 ; 162. 1 . Mane Mathramail dā .iv. fichit déc fo churp a ndíbergae as for M. M. BDD § 42 . filedha dana robátar isin indsi si...nicon bíth lóg enech la cach fer díb noberedh gubreth now as to the poets, not a man of them had honourprice who passed false judgment Laws i 24. 28 . in file dō cunnuid forcruid duaisi...as a letheineclunn dígbus uime, ib. 58. 17 ; cf. ib. 62. 11 f.b. ; 30. 14 ; 22. 11 ; iv 50. 1 ; v 368. 9 .—Cf. also: araile ancarae robui hi Cluaoin maic Naois...hé dā hi luibri galar now he was infirm with disease Mon. Tall. 155. 5 . slógad la Domnall i nUlltaib. Ulaid dō i Craib telcha i llongport, AU ii 62. 8 . Here also the common phrase loc dā as to the place (of the hymn), it was: loc dno Duma ṅGobla, Thes. ii 308. 5 , by the Irish themselves rendered by `locus ergo (igitur),' ib. 324. 20 .

IV In commentaries, glosses, or explanatory notes repeating the word or phrase which is to be commented on. Syn. tra, didiu ( Cóir Anm. § 225 , 226 ; RC xi 442. 18 ; BColm. § 6 ). ┐ Raith Guthaird a loc, comm.: Raith Guthaird dō is airi atberur as to R. G. it is so called &c., Laws i 2. 8 . senchus dō a `sen' fil ann is ónní as senex atá...nó dō is óní is sensus ciall, ib. 34. 26 . Colmán macc Daráne. Colmán mac Daríne dō .i. siur máthar do Cholmán Dairíne, Fél. p. 172. 31 . Mo Senoc Mughna dā .i. M. darbile mór, &c. , ib. 258. 15 . Luighith dna .i. Hith robo lughu na athair, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 2. 1 . Daire Fine dā .i. duar ḟine, Cóir Anm. § 68 . Also in parenthetic remarks: Fiacc Sleibte dorónai in nimun sa do Patraic. in Fiac sin dā mac eside meic Ercha now that F. was son of Mac E. Thes. ii 307. 2 . Cf. BDD p. 153. 16 . RC xii 108 § 163 . BB 318 b 34 .

V However ,

(a) in concluding sentences after a preceding concessive secondary clause. Syn. camaiph. cia fudama in firián ní du imnedaib hisin biuth frecndairc sóirfithir dā in céin naili dā (one dā is superfluous, but both positions are allowed) he shall, however, be delivered the other time Ml. 68 d 14 . ciasu du Duaid adfiadar isin titul immeairc són dā Ezechiæ though it is to D. that it is ascribed in the title, it is suitable, however, to E. ib. 72 d 9 . With camaiph: ciasidruburt frit tuas `alter utra'...robói camaiph la arsaidi `altera utra,' Sg. 75 b 2 .

(b) however, but ; the addition introduced by dā is opposed to what precedes: intan conucbad in nél nobíth immun aírc migrabant filii Israhel hisuidiu. intan dā nunanad in nél hísin nogaibtis som dúnad hisuidiu when, however, that cloud used to rest Ml. 83 a 4 . aimrit imorro Dairíne clannmar dō Sanct a siur but her sister S. was prolific Fél. p. 172 § 31 . co fil in firmamint na trénbrat gemnaide im talmain co trí nimib ┐ co trí nime impi. in .vii.mad imorro rocertad i trí nimib. ní hé dō sin sosad aingel this last, however, is not the habitation of the angels Laws i 30. 2 . benaid M. C. a chend dond ala fir ...robói dā infer aile oc élúd ass the other man, however, was fleeing forth, BDD § 157 . issed as cóir...arnáchad-fercaigthersu (sc. frit gilla). manatfercaichther frit gilla dā if, however, you are angry with your servant Mon. Tall. 142. 9 . mani chaithea dā feoil if, however, he does not eat flesh ib. 146. 14 ; ib. 159. 38 . bói N. oga uothras ┐ dobreth láim nargait foair lioa D.; nír uo maith d liaa mac sium this, however, did not please his son RC xii 66. 4 f.b. táinic hEoan cona ritirib co Machaire Conaille co ndernsat airgthi ann. táinic dō Murchadh hua C. cucu but M. came up with them AU ii 192. 12 (v.l. táinic imurro); similarly ib. 192. 17 . Same usage AFM iii 40. 6 ; táinic Iohn...do orccain Dál A. tucc doná C. deabhaidh dosoṁ but C. gave battle to him; 34. 3 (doná); 34. 14 (doná); 110. 3 f.b. (dna); 118. 1 (dna).

VI In a weakened sense with interrogatives. ut quid autem...pro impis mortus est, gl. ar cia dono, Wb. 2 d 10 . aut in nomine Pauli babtizati estis? gl. cepu dono adrad dæ do thabirt do Pool in chruth sin, ib. 7 d 16 . omnia enim uestra sunt, gl. ce dono rigne occo. it lib huili, ib. 8 d 15 . cid dā dotbératsu chucci, ScM. § 16 . ní fritsa oI sí rodálusa itir. cid tu dana icim dáil why then TE § 13 Eg. ut est `ar is fo gnímaib midither Dia for duine' cid dono arnáb fo gnímaib no mesemnaighther duine for araile for innus sin, Laws i 48. 24 , cf. ib. 54. 3 f.b. —After concessive cia, cid (like Ger. `auch' in `wer auch komme, was auch erfolge'): cia focherta dā a srúb ar gesce folilsad, BDD § 38 . cipé no ná tic ticfasu fessin, TBC-LL¹ 200 . acht ciat-beram ni andso no tæit nech dḟarcsin maigi Mide, ib. 5018 . gid ed dō but nevertheless Aen. 413 .

VII Various usages.

(a) rofetarsa is foirbthe do hires so. ba toich deit dā ar ba foirbthe hires do máthar, Wb. 29 d 3 . ní fil amain tra Bresi ol sé. ba fír ón dno ní bói acht meth foairi sim ond uair sin, RC xii 70. 14 .

(b) even ? tamquam famulus, gl. rubu fer som muintire maith dā dul humal he had been a man of the household. Good is even (also) a humble position, Wb. 33 a 5 .

(c) aṅgo dā is deithbir daitsiu a Ingceoil, BDD § 80 ; ib. § 90 (twice), § 102 h ; angó dā, § 105 .

(d) intan imorro rofuidi Feinius a dá deiscipul sechtmoget do foglum na nilbérla fon doman Cae dna isé rosiacht co Eigipt, Laws i 20. 7 . I have no further examples of this usage.

n i (accomal) In later lang. doc(c)amal o, m. difficulty, distress; hardship, calamity: airc .i. docamhal, O'Cl. docamhal, mairg, caineadh, Eg. Gl. 213 . is docomail dréim na secht nime, FA 15 . i ndoccomul ┐ i mūich ifirn, LB 256b65 . bátar i ndocumal mór d' esbaidh an ancuiri, Lism. L. 3781 . comtis oenmenmnaig fri cach ṅdoccomail, TTr. 187 ( LL 219b27 ). díten . . . for cech n-ingreim ┐ doccomail, PH 4177 . aes cecha tedma ┐ cecha doccomla, 4398 . ro-saerad Móysi . . . dona doccumlaib ir-raibe, 5886 . (of Christ) ic fulang bochta ┐ cecha doccumla archena, Todd Lect. vi 32.5 . guides Dia gu dícra fan documal sin do fortacht, RC xii 332 § 23 . tuitim chodhnaidh chláir Lughaidh | mór bhfear dána docamhail many are they to whom it is a calamity, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 376.16 . gach ceistt cruaidh ┐ cach documal comairle every difficult counsel, ZCP ii 16.24 . as mor do imnedh ┐ do dhocomhul rochésus connige so, BS 118.10 . ag díchur danar ┐ díbergach ┐ gach ṅdoccamuil archena a hÉrinn every other calamity, Fianaig. 86.19 . do derb docomhal (gl. dodhoing) da shiol, Leb. Gab.(i) 112, n. 7 . do mheasadar docamhal mór do bheith i ngabháil an dúin, Keat. ii 3449 . méid an docamhail bhíos orm ria caitheamh na Sacraiminte, Eochairsg. 101.16 . do fhill Dia na sochair sin i ndoghraing ┐ i ndocamhal d'Ádhamh, TSh. 2433 . gan duadh ná docamhal d' fhulang, 6912 . dá fháth . . . dár dúscadh ár ndoc(h)umail, Keat. Poems 1074 . do shaltradar orra síos gan docamhal without difficulty, Judges xx 43 . rugass gan docomhal nādūrtha I gave birth without natural difficulty (i.e. without physical stress), Fl. Earls 116.21 . do mhēt na scissi ┐ in docomail rafhuilngetair, 12.16 . trī lēige amhāin anacair ┐ docomal in tslēibhi `the worst and hardest part of the mountain', 90.1 . dócamhuil deágh-oibreacha do dheunamh difficulty in doing, Donlevy 148.y . docamal na hanāla difficulty of breathing, O'Gr. Cat. 188 . docamal an tseile do slugadh difficulty of swallowing the spittle, 23 P 10, 100 . docamhal na sgeatraighi, 24a14 . docamhal fuail, 31a23 . docamhal an toirrchiusa aga bhreith (= mulier quae difficulter parit), 23 K 42, 74.2 . salcur na súl ┐ gach documhal eile bhios orra every other trouble, 337.12 . signi[gh]id esláinte na mball spiritalta ┐ a ndócamul, 23 A 4, 17.9 . an uair tionnsgnuid na tinnis ┐ na docamhuil, 3 C 19, 279 va 9 .

Note also: derigh an mhis go docamal doineanda the end of the month harsh and stormy, 23 P 10, 22b50 .

adj (delb) misshapen, deformed, unsightly: bannscal d.¤ (gl. informis mulier ), BB 319a7 = Auraic. 472 . rogab éccosc doidheilbh fair, Moling 52 . fo scéib (= scéim) dodheilb, Cóir Anm. 272 . ecna la dodelb (.i. duine grán[n]amh), Triads 84 . ar sluaig-ne do beith dodelb, SG 397 . lán de delbaib dracon ndodeilb, TTr.² 1003 . Cf. dodelb.

adj i wise, learned , as subst. a sage, scholar: is ferr in t-og eccnaidh nā in sen borb anecna = melior est puer sapiens quam senex stultus Laws iv 378.2 . eter ecnaidib ┐ anecnaidib, Thurn., Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 18 . sean cach ecnaid, ACL iii 228.82 . banscál ecnaid (: frecraib), SR 6961 (= mulier sapiens). ecnaid no drui 3231 . ro tinoiled a dhrúide ┐ a ecnaide, PH 378 . ecnaid cráibthech dot airli, Ériu i 197.10 . fo reir... anmcharat ecnaid, Cáin Ad. § 34 . saethar ecnada 'na gin, saethar buirb 'na laim the scholar labors with his mouth, the churl with his hand ACL iii 314.27 . somilis fiad borbaib, sérb fiad ecnaidib, PH 4662 . amal atberait ind ecnaid, 7742 . fria suidib fria ecnadeib, SR 3236 . (v p.) a sruthi uaisle ecnaide, PH 19 . don aos eagnoidh ealadhna, Studies 1919, 440 . Luc. Fid. 390.13 . lasna hecnadaibh eolchu, Auraic. 2335 = lasna hegnadu eolcha, 47 . in rigecnaid (Solomon) PH 4060 . do Adamnán...do ard-ecnaid iarthair domain, LU 27a31 = FA 3 . Domhnall Ua M., aird-eccnaidh Laighean, AFM ii 1026.4 . in bocht eccnaidh 'the poor sage' Ériu xix 8 § 11 . a tabairt don bocht ecnaid 'give them to the poor sage' v 22 .

Cf. ind écnaide: etlaide (éttlaide) SR 8181.8389 .

Compar.: cona boi remut rig bus ecnaide ┐ bus eolchu indai, PH 3969 . eaccnaide, Lism. L. 1088 . conid trebairiu ┐ conid ecnaidiu more prudent and wiser RC xxv 244 . 3. cenn caich...besid n-uaisliu, besid trebaire, besid n-ecnuigiu each one's chief is...one who is nobler, more prudent, wiser than he Laws ii 278.23 ( ZCP xiv 369 ). As superl.: is é Solam ba hecnaide do doinib domain, PH 3953 . do bhí C. ar na ríoghaibh is eagnaidhe do ghabh Éirinn, Keat. ii 4735 . See 2 ecnaide.

n effainn graece ab eifonia (= εὐφωνία). i. bona vox .i. is loreffainn moreffainn, unde efnae dicitur mulier vocis bonae , O'Mulc. 374 . Perhaps not an Irish word.

n ā, f. a daughter, girl, maiden, virgin ; also freq. used of a (married) woman: i.¤ gl. natabus, Ir. Gl. 291. gl. filiabus, ib. 290 , ingen .i. in-gin .i. nī ginither ūaithe. Nō in-gen .i. nī bean. Gune [γυνή] graece, mulier latine , Corm. Y 773. der .i. ingen, O'Curry 964 (< H 3.18, p. 415 ). amal mbís i.¤ et athir, siur et brathir, Wb. 10b4 . buid dond ingin i n-ógi `that the daughter should be in virginity,' 20 . i.¤ bráthar gl. neptis, Sg. 67b4 . céle ingine gl. gener, 100a6 . gnata. i.¤ , 117a4 . ba mían n-i.¤ ocus ban, Thes. ii 291 § 6. i n-enccai nóeb-i.¤ , 355.12 . di ḟorcur a mná, a ingine, Críth G. 124. a ben, i.¤ a chomgráid a girl of equal rank, 199 . cis lir lanamna docuisin la feine ... eclais fria manchu ; athair fria hingin ; i.¤ fria brathair `how many kinds of social connexions ...,' Laws ii 344.3 . Mugdornn i.¤ Moga, v 394.1 . fria hingin .i. fria innegein, ris in ngen inasas a hinne in athar, in ingean, ii 346.4 Comm. Maire I.¤ , Fél. Prol. 129. slog mór ... | do gillaib is d'ingenaib, SR 3738. do mulluch na hIngine (i.e. the Blessed Virgin), 7530 . bái a haite na ingine oc fennad lóig the girl's tutor, IT i 71.14 . i.¤ fil and, ocus bid Derdriu a hainm, 69.23 . coeca ingen impe di ingenaib tussech, 131.11 . bá torrach dī ind ingen, LU 10605. gnása i.¤ macdacht of adolescent girls, BDD² 892. issam i.¤ ríg ┐ rígna, TBFr. 163. fírbriathar, a i.¤, bar Ailill (to Medb), TBC-LL¹ 4. maith omm, bar ind i.¤ (Medb speaking), 5 . `as fīr duid, a i.¤', ar Cú C[h]oingelt (to his wife), CCellaig 704 . Mairei hūag-i.¤ , Cáin Ad. § 9. bai Neasa ... ina rigsuighi ... ┐ a righ-ingena umpí, BB 260a8 . in Noidiu do chotludh itir lamaib na hIngine, Ériu ii 142 § 153. an mac mar aon ris an athair, an inghean mar aon ris an máthair, TSh. 1166. As íarmbérla : ar bfearg anois dá nós sin | re Máire inghean Még Uidhir, Studies 1921, 589 § 4 . Mairghréag inghean Méig Fhlannchaidh, DDána 78 § 23. Of a remote descendant (?): inghean ríogh lámhdhearg Laighean 'a descendant ... of the red-handed kings of Leinster', Celtica ii 179 . Of a bird (?): ro coiglestar Dilgud Grinde ingin n-aircind fris sin '"Dear Word of Exactness" has thought of, with regard to that, a chaste young female (or bird?)' Peritia iii 449.11 .

ingen na hoidche a kind of boil: na gorain fasas isin oidhchi ┐ ingena na hoidhchi aderur riú, Rosa Angl. 172.14 . i.¤ gaíthe the breath: inghen .i. blogh, ut est i.¤ gáithe .i. blogh don gaith .i. in anal, O'Dav. 1097.

adj o,ā. Later lobar.

(a) weak, infirm, sick, afflicted : bille .i. bochd, mar tá, faighdheach, truagh, lobhar, no beag, O'Cl. hore as l.¤ amal chach `infirm', Wb. 33c2 . aís lobor `feeble folk', 17b29 . cia bo lobor oc tecmallad (of one gathering manna), 16c26 . do deórudán l.¤ , Fél. Ep. 366. áos labor tra ┐ senoire, Mon. Tall. 145.4 . ? bearna [i] luing lubhair `a battered ship,' Magauran 4343 . Compar. ata lobru amal rongab cride et óa gl. (membra corporis) infirmiora, Wb. 12b1 . hóre as lobro mulier quam uir, 17b29 .

As subst. o, m. lobhar, IGT Decl. § 17 : is gnáth do cobir cach lobir gl. qui consulatur (sic) humiles, Wb. 16a31 . cāinbói fri lobru trúagu `gentle was she to the wretched sick', Thes. ii 328.3 ( Hy. v ). iter lobru ┐ tríunu both weak and strong, Críth G. 527 . folach cis lobair, Laws i 230. x , glossed: in duine troig, 232.25 Comm . am senóir ┐ am l.¤ , Trip.² 2045 . ceim torroma lobair lis, ACL iii 215.2 . torramad lubru, lessaiged triunu, Tec. Corm. § 1.31 (eslánu, v.l.). tocbaid lobru, tairnid triunu, LU 3417 ( SCC 18 ).

One who is afflicted with some skin disease (see MacArthur, Ir. Hist. Stud. iv 186 - 7 ), lazar (Ní Dhonnchadha, Cín Chille Cúile 174 n. 23 ). somet. leper: lobor quasi lebor, a lepra latine , Corm. Y 840 . tabar . . . fuil laeig ┐ táes secail dam coro commilter dam . . . doringned amlaid sin corraibe amal cach lobor, RC xiii 80 § 84 (Bóroma). na taighe ernaighe . . . cona lucht do Chélibh Dé ┐ do lobhraibh, AFM ii 604.8 (an. 919 ). S. Neasan lobhar décc, AFM i 188.8 = N. leprosus pausat, RC xvii 141 (Tig.). co mbui ina lobar moel, PH 376 . dorindedh l.¤ de, BCC § 434 . go raibhe féin 'na lobhar (of Naaman), TSh. 446 . tainic lóbhar chuige, Matthew viii 2. Attrib. g s. is fear lubhair é, 44 .

(b) weak in faith, etc. unstable, wavering: hóre rombebe Crist dar cenn ind óesa lobuir, Wb. 10c11 . is l.¤ ar nirnigde-ni, 4a27 . nipo l.¤ a hires gl. non infirmatus est in fide, 2c25 . cubus lobar, ZCP vii 298.12 . gním nád lobor (rhet.), BDD² 1188. Perh. also in: líneach lobar, name of a metre, IT iii 23.4 .

As subst. lobuir gl. imbicilles, Wb. 33c11 . dond l.¤ i n-iriss, 11c4 . dond l.¤ hiressach `to the weak believer', 11b18 .

(c) In Laws used also of those who, being either under the legal age of responsibility or of unsound mind, are incapable of looking after their own affairs: indraicc cech l.¤ every l. is incapable of incurring guilt(?), Tec. Corm. § 13.21 . athgabail lobuir, dia mbe fri gaimniu, athgabail lobuir ecuind, Laws i 192.12 , 13 . is aoi lobair aoi gach banscaile, O'D. 540 ( H 3.17, 433 ). sealba, seoit, ni dilsigar airgse na haitidiu, Laws v 496.4 .i. lobra .i. in mic bic, 11 Comm . (i.e. apparent complaisance does not justify the seizing of property in cases where the owners are incapable of defending their interests).

Compd. ¤dam: nī lōig i ligiu lobordaim laiges `eines siechen Hirsches', Bruchst. i 5 § 1.

n [m.]

(a) combat, battle, fighting: culu tria néit `(like) a chariot through battle', ACC 2 ( RC xx 148 ) = tría neit (.i. cath), LU 430. iar do néit (.i. iar do guin), LU 435 (ACC Comm.). néit ba hainm don kath, Corm. p. 13 s.v. cul. Be net (.i. badb) .i. be ben ┐ net cath . . . inde dicitur: bé nét fort, Corm. Y 168. néid ainm catha, Metr. Gl. Ff. 21 (neit v.l.). néid .i. cath; néid .i. guin, O'Cl. (? g s.) as attrib.: la mac fir néit (.i. guin) fadb corcra with the son of a fighting man are crimson spoils (?), LU 455. ciasu file, file neit? `a contentious poet', RC xxvi 14.14 . anroth ro ort namhaid neit (.i. cath), LL 393b2 = BB 134b1 , cf. Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 22 , where Meyer emends: nāmat nēit the host of enemies, but the reading of the MSS. may mean battle-foe. goth néit (some kind of spear), TBC-I¹ 1915. ar cach roth nét (of a war-engine mounted on wheels), TBC-LL¹ 5604 St. (néd, neid v.l.). teora rotha net, 5660 . ? foll ner neít, IT iii 49 § 88 (see net).

(b) as npr. m. name of an ancient Irish war-god (perh. the orig. meaning): Neid .i. dia catha la geinti Goideal, Corm. Y 965 = Neith, Corm. p. 31. Net [Ned v.l.] .i. dia catha, O'Dav. 1289. Bé Neit .i. Neit nomen uiri. Be Nét mulier eius , O'Mulc. 132 , cf. Corm. Y 181 (Neid) and see Nemain. Neit mac Induí 's a dí mnaí Badb ┐ Némaind, LL 11b18 = Neid mac Iondaoi, Leb. Gab.(i) i 184.17 . in Bé Néit, MR 242.1 . Néit was the name of Balor's grandfather: Balar mac Doid meic Neít, LL 137a26 . Balar ua Néit, RC xii 58.9 ; 100.2 . hua Neitt, 74 § 50. B. mac D. meic Neid, 96 § 128.

Hence transf. a warrior? Aed net nat imcaibh oghru a soldier who shuns not battles (?), AFM i 408.3 (poem).

preverb used with various forms of a finite vb. whether simple or compound; lenites follg. consonant except, in Old Irish, when in pretonic position. (Its use as a fixed preverb in the composition of many compd. vbs. is not dealt with here). Under the accent it somet. assumes the form ra, e.g. doràla (= do-ro-la); and in O.Ir. becomes ri in the vb. dogní (pret. 3 s. dorigéni, dorigni); with léicid, re ( ní relic , Ml. 23b4 , nach reilced , 49a10 ). It is often attached as enclitic to a conjunct particle: níro, náro, coro, later nír, nár, cor.

In O.Ir. when used with a compd. vb. ro orig. followed all fixed preverbs: doro-r-ban (to-ro-ben-), Ml. 62a20 , duforbad (to-fo-ben-), 92b4 ; but this rule becomes obsolete already in the O.Ir. period: do-r-airngert, Wb. 14c32 . Thurn. Hdb. §§ 520 - 3 . ZCP xii 286 .

In O.Ir. the vbs. ro-fitir (really a perf. tense, see (a) follg.), ro-cluinethar and ro-laimethar drop ro- only when preceded by another conjunct particle. For etymology and syntactical uses see Zimmer, KZ xxxvi 433 ff. ; Thurneysen, KZ xxxvii 52 ff. and ZCP xii 286 ; Strachan, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1896, 77 ff. ; 1897, 326 ff. ; 1899, 408 ff. ; RC xxiii 201 ; M. L. Sjoestedt-Jonval, Études Celt. iii 105 ff. , 219 ff.

Used (a) with the pret. to express a perfect. ro comalnisid-si an ro pridchissem-ni dúib, Wb. 26b6 . In mod. Ir. it is displaced by do except after a neg. or a syntactical preverb: do ghabh, nír ghabh, gach ar ghabh sé.

(b) with pres. ind. and subj. with perfective sense (generally to express an action which is completed before another takes place); also with subj. after résiu `before', acht `provided that', `if only', co `until': in nuall dongniat ho rumaith fora naimtea remib the cry they make when they have defeated their enemies , Ml. 51c9 . doberum . . . dilgud don fhoirind ronto-craidet, PH 7941 . cipe . . . ro-da-gatta, diren se whoever steals them pays a fine , Laws iv 198.18 . molid resiu ro cursacha, Wb. 4a2 . act ro cretea deacht, 27b15 .

(c) to express potentiality or possibility, with all forms of the vb.: ní rubai nach cruth ailiu it cannot be any other way , Wb. 7b3 . asrobair mulier `meus filius' . . . a lleith posessoris can say , Sg. 198a18 , cf. adrodarcar can be seen , 172a2 . niru rimiu . . . a ndorigenai I cannot recount , Hy. v 41 (ruirmiu, rurimo, MSS., glossed: ni etaim a thurim, F). dororbiu-sa I shall be able to hinder , ZCP iii 246.18 (< di-roben, see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 445 ). nert ni dernim, rith ni rordaim [= ro rethim], leim nirolṅgaim [= ro lingim], RC xxv 24 § 4 ( YBL 113b25 ). fer liath ro goin, ro gonar `knows how to deal wounds and to receive them', Fianaig. 24.16 . ni fail ro airme a n-árim, SR 788 . ro chrú[th]fem-ne i fus ind pennit bes chóir we shall be able to settle here and now , Mon. Tall. 7 . ni ruibem a n-aeininad we cannot stay together , Lism. L. 4333 . duss in ruirmemis a lín if we could count , RC xvii 143.18 . in fuighbed sib sén . . . ro díchuirfed na trí náimde út a hEirinn? Acall. 6231 , cf. 6234 . an tan nād rimgab could not avoid , TBC-I¹ 1549 . ni ruba fer could not strike , Ériu v 32.24 . Cf. is ann som ro citer polus ar[c]ticus there men see , Marco P. 42 .

Cf. also robo, rodbo ` it may be, perhaps ', somet. or, whether , which Pedersen Vgl. Gr., ii 287 , is inclined to regard as a pret. in sense of a potential pres.: Wb. 14c24 , 16d7 . lubair ┐ legend, rodbu forcetail no scribend, Rule of Tallaght 55 ( LB 11b13 ). rodbu ar chairiguth ind uilc . . . rodbu ar demniguth in maith, Ériu vii 162 § 5 .

(d) somet. instead of 1 no with impf. ind. to express reiterated action (cf. Strachan, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1899, 411 ): ro gnaithiged F. dol do dénum irnaigthi, RC xii 332 § 22 . ro caithed proinn moirsesir, 334 § 24 . conid airi sin ro chaitdis a bfleadha, Marco P. 12 . ro bheiredh an t-aingel . . . an sacrament dhó gacha domnaigh, Fl. Earls 230.22 .

(e) in optative sent. with subj.: darolgea Dia doib May God forgive it to them , Wb. 31a2 . ro béo-sa fort láim-siu isind flaith, Fél. Prol. 273 . ni torgaitha he should not defraud , Wb. 25b5 . nár thugar-sa . . . cúis ar sgartha may I give no cause for our separation , Content. xxix 37 . mac Móire . . . gur ḟóire ḟira Erenn, IGT Dec. ex. 269 .

(f) somet. with subj. in a subord. indef. clause or after cia `although': is inilliu do neoch naro faomae coibsena safer . . . not to receive confessions , Mon. Tall. 54 . is accobar lium coro indiser duib in ní, PH 1486 . cia rabthai-si oca iarraid though ye be seeking him , 1977 .

(g) instead of 1 no in Old Irish with fut. and condit. of subst. vb., to infix an obj. pron.; and regularly with condit. of copula when no conjunct particle precedes. robad bethu dom dían chomalninn, Wb. 3b28 . epert . . . rondbiad fáilte libsi et robtis maithi for mbésasi ara chiunn, 16b19 . ra-mbia dígal he shall have punishment , Wb. 27c13 . rob-bia indocbál ye shall have glory , 13d32 . ropia [= robbia] ind fochricc, 16a13 , cf. 27c12 . SR 1256 . Fél. Jan. 13 . ro-bar-bia biadh, ZCP v 501.16 . ra mbiad arcat . . . ro mbiad mór fina he should have , SCC 11 . Cf. acht rom-tha rombaoi rom-bia | gach nidh dheonadh Dia dham, Ériu ix 50.29 . ro-far-cruthaigfe doridisi, PH 6617 .

(h) in late Mid. and early Mod.Ir. often in rel. construction: an t-airteagul ud ro chreidir, Luc. Fid. 301.12 . amhuil . . . ro admhaighid na criosduidhthe, 375.5 .

adj o, ā old, ancient, long-standing : is airei caruim fer sean, ZCP xiii 266 § 12 . aidche samna co sós s.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iii 280.61 . do thuitsiod saoithe seana, ML² 1975 . rachat gidh am s.¤ , Irish Texts iv 86.52 . cid sean, ZCP viii 113.33 . a dhá chaomthach re feadh bfaghla | cáolshruth sean is adhbha fhúar, Studies 1919, 75.21 . crich Erne na n-iubar s.¤ , Irish Texts ii 54.36 . tulach géiggeal na ngort sean, TD 4.17 . iath . . . na gclár sean, Content. xxv 3 . long (of life): do gheubha sí saoghal s.¤ , L. Cl. A. B. 213.67 . dia ndénae-su a n-uile-se, ainfe co mba s.¤ `thou shalt live to be old', Ériu iii 108 § 54 . Maelsechlainn slemna rop s.¤ | for trebchlaind Temra is Talten, LL 133a45 . rop s.¤ in flaith . . . | tairnec i nAiliuch oebind `long live the chieftain', Metr. Dinds. iv 68.157 . Of a weapon in long use, proven: Sil cColla na ccolg s.¤ , TD 8.41 . A. na narm s.¤ , Rel. Celt. ii 224.18 .

Compar. is siniu in fer . . . quam mulier , Wb. 28b16 . ce méit asinu aís quam abracham `how much older in age he was', 34a5 . intí asiniu .i. isáu, 4c14 . úair ba siniu oldás C., LU 9080 ( FB 83 ). airmitiu d'Adam . . . | ar im siniu, ni thibér, SR 842 . siniu sencuimne co buiresc in betha, O'Dav. 308 . ní sine . . . a chach he, PH 1970 . robo sine arai n-aisi, CCath. 931 . an chuid is sine ┐ is óige don fhéar, TSh. 2645 .

Superl. cethrur gelda . . . | . . . | sinium saegul os cach maig | batar 'sind aimsir toisig, SR 2251 . mású ar aís m'athar as sinem and Éndae Cromm, Trip.² 1485 . issē ba sinem dīb, BColm. 8.1 . sioneim fedha iobair, Auraic. 4300 .

As subst. o, n. and (of persons) m. sean m., IGT Decl. § 65 . that which is old: tucad s.¤ cacha lenna duind ┐ nua gacha bíd, Acall. 5061 . do-súa in fer go colba Crúachna | s.¤ corma is núa lúachra leis, IGT Decl. ex. 685 . Most frequently of an old person : s.¤ gl. senex, Sg. 49b6 . is alind s.¤ sobrich, Wb. 31b35 . ni théid óc ann ré sén (siun, v.l.), TE 48.26 . bat cumnech coisc ót senaib, LU 3491 ( SCC 26 ). ní aisnébet sin ná seanchaid dul damsa ónd orguin, BDD² 720 . airdri domain . . . as giliu grianuibh as noibiu cach s.¤ , Ériu ii 98.5 (cf. is sanct cach s.¤ , Éigse ii 184 § 1 ). a ḟir fadlas sós na s.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iii 270.1 . mar samlait sin, 274.55 . atchuala ra senaib sund | ferr molad na cech mod, LL 306b24 . comcuimne da tsean .i. in da eolach, .i. cinnus do bearar in cuimne ón tsin don tsin eile, Laws i 36.15 Comm . isedh innisit na sin, 154.22 Comm . sin ┐ sacairt ┐ oirchindig in popuil, PH 2956 . fáid cach s.¤ | sean cach ecnaid, ACL iii 228.81 . dligidh sean sogaire, RC xlv 34.21 . marbhuit a sin ┐ doniat gialla da n-ócaib, Marco P. 10 . an súntach bar sin nō in urlam bar n-óig doc[h]um in c[h]atha, ML² 1487 . an sean ní fhidir ná an t-óg | ceadh as fhód idir don éag, Studies 1933, 140 § 15 . feirrde dhuit nach sibh an sean, | cuid an tsin ag an tsóiser, L. Cl. A. B. 60.27 . doiligh oighidh gach ḟir óig | na sin d'oighidh ní hurchóid, IGT Decl. ex. 1490 . co na roibi d'óg na do shin andsin, TTebe 1137 . In phr. eter ṡen(u) ┐ óc(u) both old and young, all: itir ṡenu ┐ ócu, Tec. Corm. § 29.3 . eter shean ┐ ócc, PH 4292 . eter ócc ┐ shen, Irish Texts iv 86.50 . offrála . . . | . . . | dlighitt eter s.¤ is ócc | d'fior ionaid miadhach Maodhócc, BNnÉ 258 § 218 .

an ancestor : ba handsin dorala chuice Lóchine Lond s.¤ Hua Lonáin, RC xiii 60 § 55 . Cairthenn macc Blait s.¤ clainne Tairrdealbhuigh, Lism. L. 497 . Lōegaire Lorc, s.¤ Laigen ┐ Osraigi, ZCP viii 292.4 . Eochaid tirmcharna s.¤ síl Muiredaig, SG ii 471.6 . is eisen s.¤ Fher mBolg, RC xvi 80 § 128 . cró a shean mur Eunna Aighneach | do-bhéra asteagh go tuillmheach, L. Cl. A. B. 72.21 . crann corcra slánuighthe ar sean, DDána 54.25 . a bhfuarais d'ulc ag troid fá iath do shean, Hackett xiv 5 . tír a sean d'ḟagháil ón ḟior, TD 13.22 . go leanfadaois sompladha a sean ┐ a sinnsear, TSh. 5335 .

Of time antiquity; old age: is hó siun co nuie dam far sercc, Wb. 4b29 . dobi se co s.¤ `it endured to old age', Metr. Dinds. iii 356.15 .

Compds. (sometimes merely intensive or for alliteration).

(a) with nouns: ¤áes: seníum .i. senáis, Ir. Gl. 735 . ¤argat old money : s. fil agot . . . Cidh doghni s. de? I n-aimsir Deic . . . dorignedh, Fél. 184.7 . ¤ben an old woman : sein-bhean na ríogh, Ráth Cruachan, DDána 92.19 . ¤breth an old judgement, a precedent : cia ro bai i sein breithaib, Laws iv 98.13 Comm . ¤chell senior church (?) Stud. Hib. xxxiv 48-50 : Senella Cella Dumiche 'Senchell Dumiche', The Patrician Texts in the Book of Armagh 140 § 23 . dochóid Pátraic do Thopur Mucno ┐ ró insaig (ró insuidig, v.l.) Senchill = fecit Cell[am Se]nes, Trip. 1249 . o cleirc[h]ibh na sein-cheall, Rule of Tallaght 20 (Teagasg Maoil Ruain) . ¤chenél old, original people : cethir chenel (.i. sencinela) fichet batar isin tir, ACL iii 22.26 . ¤chin an old-standing offence : s., uair damad nua cin ro ba sechtmaidh, Laws i 200.9 . an dream dá leanann sal na sein-chion, TSh. 5247 . ¤chomairbert: inna senchomerbertae biuth pecthaige `of the sinful old way of life', Ml. 65d4 . ¤chomrorcon an old error : roásaiset drissi inna senchomrorcan tar sodin, 2a6 . ¤chríonacht prudence : ag saothrughadh na saidhbhreas tré shein-chríonnacht shaoghalta, TSh. 9474 . ¤chrith: mo lám ar sionachrith, othar me faon-lag `tremulous as with eld', O'Rah. xiv 58 . ¤fhairrge: ag siubhal na senḟairge, Ériu v 184.392 . ag silledh na senfhairrgi, Stair Erc. 1405 . ¤fher an old man : epscoip Cille Tidil | na sinḟir co sárgrind, Gorm. Nov. 1 . ¤fhala an old grievance : a sean fholta ┐ a nua fholta, AFM iv 1176.6 . ferr senfīacha senfala `better old debts than old grudges', RC xlv 21.11 . ¤gabair old (i.e. proven) horse: gabtar ar sengabra latt ┐ indliter ar sencharpait, CRR 15 . ¤gaill old English (i.e. Anglo-Normans): ar neach do shliocht Gaoidhil Ghlais | . . . | ná ar Sheanghallaibh fóid na bhFionn, Studies 1919, 440 § 11 . ¤goídelg: ealg ainm do mhuic isin tṡen-gáidhilg, Cóir Anm. 243 . cua ainm na claine isin t-sengaidilc, TBC-LL¹ p. 495 n. 1 . ¤gom old vexation : coro bhethaidhsiot beóghrís a sengomh, AFM vi 2054.2 . ro chuimhnigh cách díobh a seangoimh ┐ a nua-fhola dia roile, AFM iv 1204.20 . ¤laech a veteran : a senlaíach, BDD² 1517 . na senóraig ┐ na senlaich, CRR 15 . ní mó iná trian a scél innisit na senlaeich út, Acall. 298 . ¤lebar an ancient book, Scripture : sen lebár sin, Laws i 240.13 Comm . i n-ar sennlebraib, LB 137b16 . litir in sen libair, más inann ní fogabar ann ┐ isin maclebar the original MS. (as opposed to the copy), O'D. 1581 ( H 5.15, p. 7a ). do fhéagh sinn i seinleabhraibh, Aithd. D. 44.17 . an gcluin sionn an seinleabhar `do I pay heed to Scripture?', PBocht 19.18 . ¤les old or ordinary fort of residence: dul ó faithchi in senlis for airgi, Laws i 132.13 Comm . ¤muinter original people : Senach . . . do ṡenmhuinntir Find meic Chumaill, Acall. 969 . ¤pheccad old, inverterate sin : an dream bhíos dall ó shein-pheacadh na leisge, TSh. 9359 . a thaiscid sen-pheccaid (of the body), PH 8226 . ¤rád a proverb : seanráite Sholaimh `the book of Proverbs', Proverbs i 1 . ¤ridire an experienced knight : gur ferr na senridirdha isin cath naid na ridirdha oga, Fier. 10 . Sir Uuilliem Stanlui, s. saigdiūirthe Saxanach, Fl. Earls 52. z . ¤rúa an old person : mac Senbath s., LU 1253 . Cámha gan mac is gan húa | dorála conadh s., Acall. 46 . s.¤ṡaille matured bacon MacCongl.² 192 ; old hard-cure Peritia xv 320 n. 54 : for thócht sen-s[h]aille, MacCongl.² 100 . ¤scél ancient legend : ni maith senóir gan seinsceoil, Acall. 1385 . nach doilig sin ge senscel, Irish Texts ii 28.25 . ¤scélaige reciter of old tales : Suanach . . . senscélaidi Find, Acall. 5297 . ¤scríbend original document : senscriband deóda, Bürgschaft 21 § 62 . amal frith i seinscribheannuibh na petarlaici, Lism. L. 3672 . ¤ṡlicht an old family : do bhí sí ag seinṡliocht Cholla, TD 24.38 . do ug a huan síoth dá seinshliocht, PBocht 4.19 . ¤ṡruith: oc comrac fri senṡruthe, LU 1292 . na sen sruithe ro-batar rompa-som, PH 256 . ¤tintúd early translation : lasna sen-tintuda (recte -tintudu, Edd.), Ml. 107a3 .

(b) with adjj.: ¤brisc. As subst.: senbriscai salcai móra impi `old faded things upon her', Cóir Anm. 70 ( IT iii 320.1 ). ¤buide yellow from age : a c[h]naim senbuidi (of an old tooth), Trip.² 1625 . ¤ché: buidhne an bheatha ṡeinché, DDána 46.43 . ¤chiathaidi?: rabenastar a seicheda sen-tascidi s. dí, TTr. 966 ( LL 230a38 ). ¤fhoclach proverbial : in snáithi . . senfoclach ro fagbadar na hugdair a slechtaib a senbhriathra, MR 158.10 . ¤fhaltanach: so mar nid na trí naimhde sean-fhaltanacha-so `the three inverterate enemies', Donlevy xx 1 . ¤garb: susta senta sengarbha, Lism. L. 3653 . re táebh gacha seiche sengairbhi, Comp. CC 98.10 . ¤lethan: dá shleig shéta shenlethna, SG 260.16 . ¤óc ever young, or perh., both old and young (dvandva compd.): s. (epithet of the Deity), ZCP iv 243.32 . ¤ṡaeglach: a ṡeanṡaoghlach áith ḟionnḟuar `seasoned' (of a weapon), TD 33.10 . ¤tascide: rabenastar a seicheda sentascidi senchiathaidi dí, TTr. 966 `old-hoarded, long since laid by,' ibid. Gl.

For other compds. with sen see separate articles.

adj o, ā (tairissem)

(a) constant, steadfast, permanent: arim t.¤ `that it (faith) may be stable,' Wb. 25a9 . it tairismig gl. stati, BCr. 34a1 . folud t.¤ `a constant meaning,' Sg. 150b2 . Cf. 147b1 . baán tairismich do irnigdi `constant in prayer,' Wb. 5d22 . arm[tha] t.¤ inhiris, 5b32 . mad t.¤ hi fochidib, 8d1 . acht robad t.¤ linni `steadfast with us' (ueritas euangeli), 18d11 . tairismig, nibat lúamnaig, SR 4395 . da droing for ainglib ... .i. tairismecha .i. na haingli tairisid caidchi a fiadnaisi De, YBL 169b12 . in trebuire t.¤ `the standing surety,' Laws v 342.10 Comm. dia rubla .i. madia n-airgiter co t.¤ hi ┐ co maith, 448.8 Comm. = O'Dav. 826. n[a] .uiii. focail cumdaigthi ... toirismeacha forgles ┐ fothaiges buna `beständigen,' Cóic Con. 30 § 16 . Compar. is siniu in fer et is tairismechu quam mulier , Wb. 28b16 . tairismighi, CCath. 5798.

(b) In late Mid. and Early Mod. Ir. applied to weapons, blows, warriors, etc.: cait[h]creasa ... tairismecha im taebu strong battle-girdles , CCath. 5342 . mor tuisech tenn talcur t.¤ firm , 6029 . resin tuarcain ... tairismich, Cog. 192.7 . curaid ... t.¤ , MR 182.4 . dobert tuinnsem t.¤ a clar a ochta do (with spear), D IV 2, 57b12 .