n Mid. Ir. form of O. Ir. óa, q.v. IGT Decl. § 180 (in pl. only. n p. áoi. g p. áoi, ó. d p. áoibh). Not used to form adjj. in -amail or -ach, Introd. § 147 : nor as the first element of a compd. § 148 . Later spelt aeghe, Lament. ii 11 . aeghibh, Ezekiel xxi 21 .

Liver: feóil fhiadha, ae, ┐ blonag, Rule of Tallaght 6 § 8 . mo sháith do bhoin . . . gan ai innti acht geir a n-inat a haei, Oss. v 54.26 . in bo co naib ítha, ZCP iii 218 § 36 . searrach dond ar dath a áoi (háoi v.b.) liver-coloured, IGT Decl. ex. 2068 . ech dond co ndathan a ai fair is é sin ataighsem, RC xxvii 300.7 . is and bit a uighi don circ imo ai, Hib. Min. 47 note b . cum na cuislend cumang bis a ndruim na náo , Rosa Angl. 46.13 . is na cuislennaibh comursanaighes . . . ris na h-aeb, RC xlix 53 § 21 . melancoilia cruthaigther isna haeib, O'Gr. Cat. 262.13 . os cionn na náe, Exodus xxix 13 . In phrase domblas áe, see domblas. In name of a plant, liverwort : a.¤ aba marchantia polymorpha, Rosa Angl. 340 . a.¤ abund gl. epaitica, RC ix 231.13 . epatica .i. na hae abha, 23 K 42, 428.14 .

u, m. vn. of brostaigid. act of urging, inciting; stirring (up); stimulating: flesc . . . ic sobrostugud na hechraide, LL 24913. a fhir bhrosduighthe gacha catha, Oss. iii 156.22 . (prov.) feirrde breo brosdughadh fire is the better for being stirred, MR 158.15 . do brostugadh na [nadura] a n-aiged adhbuir an galuir, RC xlix 56.15 . fá bhrod bhrostuighthe an Spiorad Nao[i]mh, TSh. 1875. gan brosdughad do'n ionad not to hasten, De Imit. 2.23 . Note also: masa lethbroslugudh no cid broslugud, O'Curry 931 (H. 3.18, 407) ` exciting ', O'Don. Suppl.

adj in front of: c.¤ caich `before every one', Thes. i 713.28 . roherbadh do cethnait comhair a tighe techt ina lías, Ériu xiii 27.21 . c.¤ .i. a farrad, O'Dav. 576 citing this ex. c.¤ a taeib `overagainst', RC xii 66 § 33 .

Us. with prec. prep. (a) with, accompanying (us. i n-): céle cháich i gcomhair a choimdhedha, Ériu xiii 20.3 . hi comuir for moethloingsich `in the company of', Blathm. 23 . faccaib a chailg inna c.¤ , Vita Br. 13 . i ndáil a hinailte boí i c.¤ C.C. i ndormainecht, LU 4695 (TBC). an ball fil am c[h].¤-si `in my charge'(?), BColm. 92.20 .

(b) in front of, in the presence of (ar (for), do, fo, fri, i n-, ós): for c.¤ a craidhe `opposite his heart,' CCath. 2027 . ar a ch.¤ immach, MU² 451 . ar comuir na náo around(?), Rosa Angl. 56.12 . diúltadh ar a chomhair féin ag gach focal díobh, Bard. Synt. Tr. 4.14 `i.e. each has its own neg.', 111 . do comhair an inaidh over against the place, BCC 156 (160.9) . gonfat cach fom' comhair I shall slay all before me, BB 426b43 . atú fad chomhair, Dán Dé iii 12 . rongabh re c.¤ a chnis he took Him to his body, RC xxxvii 348 § 62 . tic . . . co mboí hi c.¤ na hingini, LU 10440 . ind rāith i c.¤ in dairḟeda, Misc. Hib. 25.3 . ina c.¤ , BB 497a31 . ticed si im choma[i]r-se co M. to meet me, ACL iii 309.22 . as do chomhair `before thee', Fl. Earls 116.6 . ós cómhair cháich, Oss. vi 14.3 .

(c) for (the purpose of), in preparation for, with a view to (ar, fo, i n-): ar c.¤ cacha cóicid to deal with(?), MU² 10 . ar c.¤ na troda da thornem in order to abate, Ann. Conn. 1315.11 . bean fad chomhair do cumadh, Dán Dé vii 21 . na pianta . . . do bhi ullamh fa chómhair luchta an uabhair, ZCP iv 400.8 . boi iasg lais fo c.¤ C. (a guest), BNnÉ 110 § 42 . fa c.¤ na tíre d'arccain, AFM iii 232.9 . téiged cách na ch.¤ chucu for it (i.e. battle), LL 37705 . robūi a c.¤ fritholma na foirne `kept watching the crew', Fianaig. 72.6 . Dia féin a comhair a chrochtha, IGT Decl. ex. 1102 . a c.¤ in brātha do mhétugad, RC xxiv 378.22 .

With added prep.: hi c.¤ dond insi sin, Anecd. iii 68.7 . i gcomhair leat `on your side', Content. xvi 120 .

See cóir 9 and Párl. na mB. Gloss . ? Note also: co tu[d]caid la taob in mara co comor treibe Ocind `as far as opposite', Dinds. 26 = c.¤ , BB 365a33 . co comuir mara Adriat, Rawl. 78a45 (cf. commar).

In phr. cinn ch.¤ see 1 cenn.

Various: dobeir . . . mo cenn a comhair cétḟuilt (: Codhail), Prolegomena 45 § 23 . an comhair do bai F. ┐ D. a comrag `while', Hy Fiach. 96.11 . masa c.¤ (chomrain, comhrair, comruin, v.ll.) conaigi / cruides ecna runmair, ZCP xiv 72.11 . erig didu on ch.¤ a naimsir thesbaid, YBL 85a19 (text uncertain).

n u, m. (vn. of fo-gní). g s. fognamo, Wb. 3d14 . in fognama , 22b21 . fognama, 3c11 . Ml. 84c12 . foghnamh oghnamh (g s. n p. -namha, -naimh, -anta) IGT. Decl. § 47 . As vn. ib. Verbs § 44 .

(a) serving, rendering service , absol. or with DO of pers. is hae inso in f.¤ don choimdid (gl. orationi instate) Wb. 27c18 . f.¤ do idlaib, 19d11 . lóg ... á fognama hirobatar pay for the (lit. their) servitude in which they had been Ml. 84c12 . ar léciud ... asind f.¤ hi robammar servitude Ml. 105b16 . luid F. ... ┐ beir (leg. birt?) a cumal lais i f.¤ , Laws i 70.24 . bai ... do dhichracht in fhoghnuma i mbai P. co toimniuth cech ae ... cumad do a oenar foighneth, Lism. L. 143 . cach faesom co fognom, ACL iii 227.54 . ni fil acht aeneclas ... ag fognum (nó adhradh) do Dhia, Marco P. 141 . ag foghnamh don Dúileamh, TSh. 460 . ní roibh acht aenberla ag foghnum do chach the one language was used by all BB 17b28 . co nderna logh secht cumhall do foghnumh till he perform service of the value of seven cumals Laws iv 250.6 Comm. With gen.: sē la d'fógnam na collai, in t-én lá don ... animm, PH 7369 . o ḟognam in forbaind rechtaide ... o ḟógnum hídal, 4566 . im na hocht mballa bis ac f.¤ in muilind `which are necessary to the mill' (viz water, millrace, shaft, etc.) Laws i 140.13 Comm. Of feudal service: asbert S. ... nach beth fo chis, na fa ḟoghnam do righ talmhan, Lism. L. 2115 . boí F. oc dīlgend na n-aithech ┐ aca cur hi cís ┐ a foghnam dermar, ZCP xi 65 § 16 . ma beith fognum diib do ḟlaithib co nómad naó , Críth G. 326 ( Laws iv 320 ). dianom soertha don fhognamh ica tu don righ were I delivered from my bondage to the King Lism. L. 1539 . do-bertar ratha ... im bithḟoghnom dóibh dia réir féin, ZCP xi 64 § 13 (= um beith fodhnamach doib etc. RC xx 339 ). conattig forru Cairpre ... f.¤ Temrach to do service to T. (the S. due to T.?) Metr. Dinds. iii 440y (= oghnamh, BB 30b1 . daerfoghnomh, Dinds. 78 ). in cutruma sin do ḟerond occaib cen tech cen trebad fair ┐ cen f.¤ tellaich Temrach, Ériu iv 124 . With subj. gen.: tri f.¤ inna mball ... doib Wb. 12b3 . la Colmán ó sin alle f.¤ an bale sin ar is fáss ó comarbaib féin hí mina tarttatt a rér do Cholmán, BColm. 78.14 . foghnam fuidhri no daorceile uathaibh re re na foglama `the service of a f. or a d. is due from them during the term of the learning' (of apprentices) Laws iv 236.20 . m'fhoghnamh nach cóir do chomaoidhimh `that I must not boast of my merit' PBocht 6 § 17 . do-gní f.¤ do serves: dogenat f.¤ dam, MacCarthy 44.23 = fomgnífet, SR 852 . lé foghnamh do dhéanamh do Dhia, TSh. 1130 . gen. as attrib.: fer foghnamha , Ériu xiii 16.12 . luag fir fognuma an attendant Laws i 110.9 . mad fer fognama (.i. mad he in fer do ne in foghnum im bith for bantincar), Laws ii 390z (392.6) = Stud. in E. Ir. Law 57 . is uaidib ... roḟas daerchis fodnoma for saerchlandaib hEreand, Lec. Facs. 185vb9 = BB 255a29 (fognuma). capul fognuma ┐ ech immrimme, Laws iv 308.22 ( Críth G. 158 ). (cf. capul itir foghnum ┐ imrim, Laws iv 304.12 , Críth G. 91 ). fine fognama (.i. daorceile ┐ saorcheile), Laws v 318.2 . la himed...lochta ind fognuma labourers TTr.² 600 . etaig fognama ... domelar cach dia `working dress' (dress of use, everyday clothes) Laws v 398.1 . don mainistir ... cona fearonnaibh foghnamha `glebe-lands' AFM vi 2148.15 . pl. at cotarsnai na fógnuma do dís (i.e. no man can serve two masters) PH 711 . ni hiat a fognumha bis forro functions (of Ogham letters) BB 301a27 .

(b) later often use, utility, profit (with AR of thing. Cf. feidm): ni bí fognum er ni da ṅdentar cen fúndamit fái PH 7816 . nach fuil fodnum agud orm that I am of no use to thee ZCP vi 55.20 . ni fhuil foghnamh orm at egmais = sine te nihil sum ... nihil possum Instructio 226.20 . ní bhia fóghnamh ar an absolóid absolution will be of no avail Mac Aingil 376 . an mbī foghnamh ar an bposadh? is the marriage valid? Luc. Fid. 140.14 . do cuiredh a ndergár innus nach roibhe foghnam orra o shin alé, L. Chl. S. § 13 . co mbetha gan foghnamh ort no ar beacan foghanta = pro nihilo aut minimo reputari Instructio 224.14 . (cf. mod. ar foghnamh of use, in health, thriving ).

n f. With the possible exception of the dubious fuither, LL 216b39 ( Metr. Dinds. iv 318 : `tenant') no exx. are recorded from the literature. In Laws Comm. frequently glossed fodáer. Other expls. are: fuider .i. fo deirge ... desero latine .i. dergim, O'Mulc. 589 , (where deirge is evidently vn. of 1 do-érig `abandons.' Cf. O'Dav. 1052 cited below). fuidhir .i. fodháor .i. fear tuarastail, O'Cl. fuidhre .i. lucht friothoilte servants ib. f.¤ .i. dochonaich, Lec. Gl. 314 , Stowe Gl. 366 (.i. om.). Thurn., Ir. Recht 61 (cf. Cóic Con. 76 , footnotes) accepts the etym. `fo-dír,' interpreting it as `in the tribe but not of the blood,' or `belonging to the lower grades of the kindred.' The following forms are found in Laws Text as printed: n s. fuidir, pass., but fuider, Laws iv 38x (= fuidir, Ir. Recht 63 n. 7 ; 70.12 ). [fuidir Laws v 360.14 is taken as g s. in transl., and this is supported by the reading cacha fuidri H 3.18, 392a29 . but evidently nom. is required, see Ir. Recht 65 § 7 ]. g s. meth cacha fuidre , Ir. Recht 66 § 10 (= fuidri, H 3.18, 392a35 ) mas ar scath fuidri tucustair he ... mas ar ḟocraic `if it is for fuidir- ship he has given it (the land) ... if it is for reward' Laws v 36.31 Comm. mas a rath ḟuidhri ... mas ar focraic `as fuidir- stock ... ; for reward' ib. 5 . fognum do denum d'ferund fuidri ib. 38.27 . cuic samhuisce doberar a rath fuidhre the stock lent to a fuidir is five heifers Ir. Recht 68 Comm. pl. fuidre, Laws iii 10.16 . fuidri, iv 282.11 . fuidire, v 360.13 . teora fuidre ib. 10 (= Ir. Recht 65 § 7 ). A member of an inferior class in the early Irish social organization. A concise and authoritative description of the f.¤ is given by Binchy in his edition of Críth Gablach: acc. to him the f.¤ is a `tenant at will,' settled by the lord (flaith) on a portion of the latter's land; his services to the lord are always undefined. `Although his condition is semi-servile, he retains the right to abandon his holding on giving due notice to the lord and surrendering to him two thirds of the products of his husbandry.' Críth G. p. 93 . A f.¤ who has for nine generations occupied the same lord's land thereby ranks as a serf and his descendants are also serfs (see Críth G. 327 , cited below). The lowest grades of f.¤ were not entitled to `díre' for damage to their property nor were they responsible for guilt or debts incurred by their kinsmen ( Laws v 512.1 ff . = Ir. Recht 63 ; Laws iv 38x = Stud. in E. Ir. Law 148 ). In Laws v 360.13 (= Ir. Recht 65 ) they are divided into seven classes; in the Comm. they are frequently classed as `doerfuidri' and `soerfuidri,' the former being virtually unfree, the latter having the right of separating from their lord (see Thurneysen, Cóic Con. 76 and especially Ir. Recht 61 ff . where the relevant passages from the Laws are assembled and discussed): fuidre flatha, doermanaig eclaise (persons unqualified for forming contracts except when authorized by their guardian or superior) Laws iii 10.16 . f.¤ [fuithir LB] .i. fo thir .i. intí dobeir tir fo na deoraig anechtair, is do is ainm f.¤ he who takes land under an immigrant settler, it is he who is called `f.¤ ' (`who gives land to a stranger' Corm. Transl.) Corm. Y 610 . Thurneysen, Ir. Recht 61 n. 4 , takes the original reading to be that in the Bk. of Hy Many: in ti dobeir tir fon deoraith anechtair is do <is> fuithir he who [ = if one] gives land to an immigrant the latter is a `f.' to him.' dligid fuider (fuidir v.l.) frithfolta, Anecd. iii 13 ( fudir, LL 345d16 ; fuidhir, YBL 411d12 ). f.¤ crui ┐ gola, O'Dav. 1052 (one of the subclasses of `fuidre,' of which a list is given in Ir. Recht 65 = Laws v 360.13 f .). ma beith fognum diib co nómad náo it bothaig, it fuidri, Críth G. 327 ( Ir. Recht 81 ). atait da cenel for daerfuidir, d. ghaoidhealach ┐ d. tar muir, Ir. Recht 68 Komm. III . Cf. also: cach f.¤ .i. daer a athair ┐ a senathair, Laws v 512. 10 = macc fuidre ┐ ua aroile ┐ f.¤ fein, SM Facs. 2a . in saerfuidir .i. fri re triir, Cóic Con. 21 §14 Comm.

See fuidrius.

n in the stereotyped legal phrase: co nómad nó, meaning apparently to the ninth descendant (generation). The word is variously written, but rhymes support the form nó. ma beith fognum diib do ḟlaithib co nómad naó, it bothaig, it fúidri if they are in the service of lords to the ninth generation, they are of the class of `bothach' or `fuidir', Laws iv 320.19 (`till the ninth nine [year]', MacNeill, Law of status 296 , i.e. 81 years or three generations). ni tet [a]itire acht co crō, teit raith for comarba go no[m]ud nó the `aitire'-suretyship extends only till death, the `raith'-suretyship passes to heirs to the ninth generation, Cóic Con. 33 § 32. dofechar o Día co nómad noe (the murder of a kinsman) is punished by God to the ninth generation, ZCP xi 85 § 38 (náu, noa, noo, nó MSS.). biaid forib co nomadh naó (.i. co haimsir nonbair) Noinden Ulad, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1884 p. 342 (quoted ZCP xiv 2 ). conmill cin na cumachtach | ní aibéor bús mó | itir clainn ┐ geinelach | cusin nómad nó, O'Dav. 547. ros-len . . . cosin nómad nó n-arsaid `till the ninth of nine lives', Metr. Dinds. iv 130.88 . mēraid sin co nomad nó (: gó), BColm. 100.12 .

The word is connected with noí nine by Meyer ( ZCP x 351 ), Thurneysen, who suggests that it is a g p. formed on the analogy of bó, cnó ( ZCP xiv 1 - 4 ), and Pokorny who takes it to stand for the ordinal ( ZCP xiii 41 ); by Stokes, O'Dav. 547 , taken as = n-ó (n-aue) g p. of aue grandson, see also ZCP xiv 320 where the same view is put forward by Ó Briain.

Prob. outside legal use the phrase was equivalent to for ever ; cf. the Eng. custom of granting a lease for 999 years.