v (adbal) enlarges, increases: ro hai[d]bligedh in t-ár, Fianaig. 90.3 . aibhlighther cor ghobh Maccon in domhan `it is boasted', Miscell. Celt. Soc. 4.1 . an muir uaine nochan aidhbhligh (MS nocha naiblig) | a dtéid uainne d'aibhnibh inn 'all the rivers that leave us and flow into the green sea do not increase it', Giolla Brighde 244 § 31​​ . Vn. aidbliugud.

adj i (réid). Earliest form amraid (: Labraid, Ält. Ir. Dicht. 41 § 34 , : slabreid, Thes. ii 304.2 , : samlaid, ZCP vii 268 § 2 ). Later influenced by réid. See GOI p. 104 .

I

(a) rough, uneven, entangled (of ground etc.): etir réid ┐ amreid gl. per tractus terrae, Ml. 140a2 . fo . . . choilltibh ndosach ndlúithaimhréidh, AFM vi 1912.6 . co rub aimreidh do a aitreb, Aen. 912 . iter da sliab . . . aimreidi, TTebe 898 . inis clochach aimréidh, CCath. 1339 . an tshlighe anshocair, aggarbh, aimhréidh, Desid. 3311 . ród aimhréidh, Dán Dé vi 3 .

(b) contentious, quarrelsome, troublesome: A., aurgail ūais amraid, Ält. Ir. Dicht. 41 § 34 . gan aighnes a.¤ , O'Gr. Cat. 547.17 . tancodar aimreidh dá tighibh `they went home unreconciled', ALC ii 254.4 . guais don dís adeirim féin / go mbeid is Íosa aimhréidh, DDána 22.5 . nír 'bo roinn abbadh aimhréidh, Anecd. ii 35 § 15 . Enrí aimhreidh mac Neill `Henry Awrey, in English the Contentious', AFM iv 722.10 and note. a.¤ re at odds with: má bhím . . . aimhréidh / red ghruaidh . . ., TD 3.49 . As adv. as iomdha ar neich go haimhréidh `many of our horses are unbroken', Ériu v 190.480 .

II As subst.

(a) rough, uneven, entangled place: rop rēid remunn cech namreid, Thes. ii 304.2 (Hy. i). bidh réidh riëm cech n-aimhréidh (leg. amraid, Ed.), ZCP vii 268 § 2 . athechtai íath n-etarmaige eter mothru ┐ amréthi, LU 8632 ( FB § 47 ). nochan fhaghbaid d'anbuain / nach adhraid don aimhréidh, DDána 98.5 . i ccumgaibh . . . ┐ i naimhrédhaibh gacha conaire, TFrag. 36.6 . ni hurusa síol Eibhir / d'ionnsoighidh mo a n-aimhreidibh, ML 26.11 .

(b) contentiousness, disturbance: do chuir an Fhódla i n-aimhréidh `has disturbed', Magauran 2783 . suil bheas aimhréidh eatarra `lest there be disagreement between them', TD 24.3 .

n (cin) sin, offence: ná han go bhfionnar(?) bhar bhfriochnamh / tar iomadh na n-ainchean, Dán Dé xii 27 . sliocht Éabha na n-ainchion dtrom, DDána 17.27 . ní h -ainchion a coland / a anam as aingiol his body is not sinful(?), Celt. Rev. x 132.24 . ?air is esccaine is aincend (: mhiond, but rhymes not exact in poem), BNnÉ 286 § 273 .

In follg. perh. rather unfriendliness, enmity: gidh biodhbha é nochan ainchean / a ndiongna sé d'aithbhear oirn the reproach it will make us is no unfriendliness (`'tis not my crime it lays to my charge'), Dán Dé xix 14 . gan fholta gan aincheanaibh, DDána 83.14 . dénamh ainchean unfriendly acts (`acting against my interest'), O'Hara 1297 .

v (áitt) also áttaigid. IGT Verbs § 106 .

(a) inhabits, dwells (in), settles (in). With direct obj.: níor áitigh a athardha, TD 32.19 . ro áitigh C. priomh-cathair isin nglend, BNnÉ 127 § 19 . go dtógbhaidh tú teagh ┐ nár áitighe tú é, TSh. 9707 . With prepp.: nochan ar m'ferunn áitigter ann, SG 320.36 . áit i n-ar háitigheadh riu, Keat. i 202.6 . go n-áitigheann an eagna a bhfochair na Humhla, Desid. 2463 .

(b) founds, establishes, builds: is ar an gcarraig so áiteochad mo eagluis féin (aedificabo), Eochairsg. 4.19 . gibé aiteóchas ar fhundaimint an chreidimh ór nó airgead, etc. (si quis superaedificat), 108.8 . ? si i ngach éineing átaighthir `it is imposed in every spot' (of a tax), TD 27.28 .

Note also: muna áitighe gurab bréag `unless you prove that it is a lie', Content. xvi 178 . Vn. áittiugad.

n ámhuill f., IGT Decl. § 13 . á.¤ , § 3 .

(a) playing, sporting: roscarsam friar n-amalla / aca mbimmís fri cach sel, LL 14516 ( Ériu v 211.88 ). barrthar bang chosnaimh ó cCuinn / an dol-sain ann ar amhuill `. . . has been checked from sporting there', Gleanings from Irish manuscripts 32 § 24 . cleachtaim ámhuill ar iul ndíomhaoin, DDána 33.1 . gan mharthain do mhac Áine / rug don éigse a hamáille `has robbed poetry of her gaiety', Studies 1924, 89 § 30 (As the rhyme shows this example belongs to amáille, ed.). diongnadh ná damhoill, L. Cl. A. B. 212.44 . ag ámhaill ┐ ag súgradh ria (a cat with a mouse), TSh. 2345 .

(b) In follg. perh. with implication of trickery, deceit: ? rufer āmaill im cech cāin / Alend `has made sport of every law', Hail Brigit 12 . na secht pecaidh mharbhtha-sa / nochan ḟanat dā n-ábhaill, ZCP xiii 10.4 . ní fuighthe t'fhine ar ámhuill `thy race was not to be lightly won', Aithd. D. 68.19 . cládh a ḟeadhma um ámhuillibh `there is victory over his effort in my schemes', Ériu ix 164 § 18 . beiridh gell ar úaim uirre / eng do ḟúaigh tre ámuille, IGT Decl. ex. 196 .

(c) Of the fingers: na dena amhailthi leat lámhaibh = nec . . . digitum extendas `practice no tricks with your hands', ITS xxix 138.20 . da bhfaictear an teaslán go hamhaillibh le na lamhuibh ar in bhfroighidh . . . signighidh bás clawing at the wall, 23 K 42, 166 a.18 .

(d) In general sense of behaviour, action(s), etc.: báthadh gráidh an ámhaill úd (: cámhaill) (of Cain's murder of Abel), DDána 31.10 . gabhaid sgela a bheatha ┐ a bhuan ámhaille `they enquire of his life and conversation', Carswell 43.14 . do chaitheamh ar mbeathadh anamhaillibh ┐ a dtreighibh diadha `in all godly conversation', 189.9 . neimhcindteacht angibluibh no na ngabhail, no anámhaille eile `dissolution in apparell, gesture, and other his doynges', 48.y . aithrechas . . . do dhenamh ar son ar naingidheachta ┐ ar námhailleadh neamhdhiadha at adhaighse `ungodly behaviour towards thee', 184.3 .

Note also: amald .i. a malitia , O'Mulc. 44 . bebais brónāmaill ṁbratha / mac móralaind Murchada, LL 15906 .

v also ardraigid(ir) (cf. 1 airdrech).

(a) appears (to DO): ardrigid gl. [ap]paret, Thes. ii 23.35 (BCr.). ardrigiter (rel.) gl. parent, 31.23 . roardrigestar dúnni ó an[g]lib, Wb. 28c12 . coro árdraig dó in Coimdiu, Trip.² 280 . ? arddruig a Ch., 1591 . nó ardraigdis foillechta in gelcréchta and, 142 . artraigfid isind aeór i soilse, LU 2508 . isin méit inro arthraig dia apstalaib iar n-esergi, 2548 . niconn artraigfeth ind Áí, RC x 226.183 . in magin in ro artraig in ceo druidechta do L. artraigid dano in dubnel cetna, LU 8531 ( FB 39 ). dia ṅdibairgtis ní arthraigtis `if they were shot at, they used to disappear', RC xiii 448.z . manar artraig an galar bunaid i naimsir in cunnartha ┐ do artraigh iartain was not apparent, O'Curry 656 (H 3.18, 319). ni roarrthraidi in t-usci, ZCP xii 368.32 (= ni ro artaige (sic), RC xlvi 234 § 4 ). artraigheadh in tirim let the dry land appear (i.e. after the Deluge), BB 15b1 . i ndomnach roarthraig (roartraigestar; atraicestar v.ll.) túag nime iar n-dílind, Ériu ii 198.7 . ni arrdraigestair a ndūn, ZCP xiii 373.30 . ro artra[ig]setar doib tengtha fódlaide, PH 5455 . da cuiread daine da n-idlocad as in tir ar na harthraigdis o sin amach isin pobul sen, YBL 147b6 . ro artraigset . . . renna . . . na ro artraigset in nim remi sin riam, CCath. 826 . ro artraigh an gaoth doib asahaithle, Leb. Gab.(i) 258.14 . ro artraigh toirneach ┐ teinnteach mór, AFM ii 804.8 .

(b) makes manifest, shows clearly (trans.): a trí i nardraighther in which it is apparent, O'Dav. 1132 . gemadh re re niubaile ro fartraigedh he, O'Curry 690 ( H 3.18, 334 ) = ro artraighedh é, 1108 (ib. 448a ) = ro rathaiged he, 654 ( 317 ). in galar bunaid . . . nochan artraigther ann fo cétóir, O'D. 1692 (H 5.15, 31a). Cf. arthraighis .i. gnímhaighis, O'Curry 970 (H 3.18, 416). .i. métaigis, O'Cl. (cf. 2 arthrach).

Vn. arthrugud.

n u, n. Later m. O. Ir. biur, b.¤ a s. biur, TBC-I¹ 1255 , a nōmad ṁbir , 1258 . d s. biur, LU 5733. n a p. beura, Sg. 67b11 ( GOI 198 ). b.¤ m., IGT Decl. § 71. g p. bear, ex. 1544 , bearann (: fearann), ex. 1541 .

Stake, spit; point; spear; spike: beura gl. sudes, Sg. 67b11 . sudum .i. inna[m]bir, Gild. Lor. 152. bir a ueru , O'Mulc. 151. braga .i. b.¤ -āga. Aige ainm b.¤ , Corm. Y 161. berid .ix. mbera culind . . . laiss nine spits of holly (for use as spears), LU 5726. sríd N. biur for C.C., 5728 . for rind in bera, 5729 . focheird-sium b.¤ for C., TBC-LL¹ 1947. biaid do chend ar bir, 3476 . for rindriis na mbera, LU 5733. gan nach n-arm . . . acht b. iairn ina láim, TBC-LL¹ 4245. beara iaraind, Todd Nenn. 60.3 . coica bera ara mbái rind / tuc leis do beraib cáirthind, RC vii 300.9 , 10 . nochan fuaratar b.¤ na bundsach isin tsligid-sin, Ann. Conn. 1225.12 . secht mbeara fiched d'iaron aithleghtha, RC xxix 124 § 27. co mberaib gera iairn `with sharp spikes of iron', PH 1240. bera bodba biraithi `darts', Cog. 160.27 . do soighdib . . . ┐ do beraib birgéra ┐ do laighnibh . . . lánmóra, Acall. 2829 v.l. do hinnledh na beara ┐ na r[e]anna uile ar a cheann `spears and darts', RC xxix 124 § 31. an bior ar nach rabha rinn, DDána 3.38 . agá dtreaghdadh do bhearaibh troma teinntidhe (one of the pains of hell), TSh. 1979. gin bera gin slegadh `stakes or spikes', Laws i 304.17 Comm. i ninde bera na corad stake of the (fishing) weir, Ériu xvii 68 § 9.12 ( Laws iv 212.12 Comm. ) ineich doberar a ind in uisci, for ind in bera, in t-iasc, Laws v 478.8 Comm. go mbearuibh omhna `with wooden shafts' (notes), O'R. Poems 684. mé do lá b.¤ 'na bonnaib `I thrust a spike into His feet', Ériu iv 114.21 . lorg bear a bhonn mbeoghonta, DDána 54.14 . sa derna do bhí fan mbir (: fuilngir), IGT Decl. ex. 1149. b.¤ bodba `warlike point', TTebe 2818 . acht muna faice bera no slega `unless he saw the dangerous thing', (lit. `spikes or spears',) Laws i 178.15 Comm. iii 500.23 Comm. Cf. beara .i. sleagha, O'Cl.

Cooking or roasting spit: b.¤ bruinnes, LL 3649 (see Petrie Tara, Plate 8). b.¤ co lúdh, YBL 419a27 (Petrie Tara 189, 5-9). b.¤ Neithin, fulacht na Morrígna, inneóin in Dagda `N.'s spit', Triads 120 . ro iorlamhaighsit . . . do bhior ┐ do choire by roasting and boiling, TFrag. 72.15 . féoil om ar beraib ca[e]rthind `on spits of rowan', RC vii 300.16 . láeig beca ar beraib / a fedaib Cáibden, LL 37949 ( SG 364.33 ).

Other applications: fūaratar bās do beruib / ōn muic dísgir druimremuir `by the tusks' (of a boar), Fianaig. 54.19 . dothuit hi Fidga . . . di bir ois antler (?), ZCP xii 238 § 63. earca brech biathuis da b.¤ .i. gai `countless wolves fed he with his spear' ( MS. Mat. 481.11 ), LL 380b38 = LL 6398. `plug or tent for a wound (?),' TBC St. Gloss.: do lingetar a bera (sic leg., ed.) dhe, ib. 4905 . Expld. as hand in B. na f.: beara (.i. lāmha) nach lang (.i. fada), ZCP v 484 § 6 (= ZCP iii 378.13 ). Of dressing for a wound (or a tent ?): do lingeatar a bhera de co raithin cinn bera, Éigse ix 186 n. 14 (24 P 4 p. 211) .

Compds. With nouns: foghluim an bhiorchleasa `dart- feat', RC xxix 126 § 32. barrthagar / birchogad, IT iii 105 § 208 . bir-crand (.i. in berb-crand, 484.18 Comm.) treige n-urcomail, Laws v 482.28 . biorchrainn caola slender arrows, DDána 111.23 . do gaínib ┐ birínib ┐ slegínib ┐ birchruadib `hard points' (Táin 2222), TBC-LL¹ 2544 = LU 6401. bir chúaille (? birch.) `sharp spike', Imr. Brain 65.28 . garbeccur grainemail do birfiaclaib barrglassa `of spiky teeth', CCath. 4027. Trí Bior-ghaoithe an Bháis `Three Shafts of Death' (here perh. in sense of tent for a wound, C. O'Rahilly, Éigse ix 186 ), TSh. p. 1. le racht biorghlóir `in sharp-voiced rage', Ó Bruad. iii 212.14 . sída is sróll . . . / sréin is buabae is birtenga, some kind (or part) of horse's headdress (?), SG 249.21 . ? Leg. bir-theng[th]a cooking-spits (?) Fil Súil nGlais 51 .

With adjj.: in torc . . . cusna fiaclaibh bir-athi, Laws v 444.16 Comm. eich . . . bir-cheanda with pointed heads, Leb. Cert. 212.10 . do bogadaib bircennaip, CCath. 5442. cor bo birḟocus cach fonnud issin charput sin next to a point, TBC-LL¹ 2544. do gháibh bega birghéra, Acall. 1802. do beraib bodba birguirt rinnaithi keen-pointed, CCath. 3154. See berach (b).

n ā, f. (`seems founded on Icel. vöndr, Eng. wand', Stokes, Eg. Gl. p. 179. ). Later bon(n)sach. rod, stick, staff: dá bunsaig . . . bunsaig (a s.) co rrúsc dub . . . bunsaig snaisi gil . . . na bunsacha a stick with black bark . . . one pared down to the white, LU 1734 ff . (ICM). feib bith bundsacha tria curcais (of spears in warrior's body), BB 437b30 . bunnsacha breacca `rods', Celtica iv 10.62 ( Gen. xxx 37 ). do bhein chasnaighe do bhun bonnsaighe ` wattle ', AFM iv 900.13 . bunnsach no ech-lasc switch gl. luitheach laime (sic leg.), Laws v 484.17 Comm. Perh. also in: tres bundsach gl. i fubtud cach omnaig, Laws i 178.1 Comm. im chumluth ngus candail (leg. nguscandail ?) .i. tres bundsach, O'D. 79 (H. 3.17, 68).

In Laws Comm. in phr. b.¤ chomairce `a rod of safe conduct, given to ollavs to ensure their safe passage through different territories,' Plummer MS. notes. ollum .i. . . . is oll in ni didnes a bundsach comairci dar na tuataibh, v 28.14 , see 30.10 , 14 . is a comgrádh dlighis cach . . . do gabail for a comairce, ┐ curab co nuiriasacht ┐ toircsin cirt, muna[b] bunnsach coimirce, O'Curry 2626 ( Eg. 88, 53 ( 54c )). is[í] in bunnsach comairce, .i. comairce gin biatha ┐ gin uiriasacht, 2627 (ibid.). bundsach comairce tar na tuatha gin uiriasacht . . . gin tomhailt mbidh, gin taircsin dlighe, 2628 (ibid.). dá cét isin bunnsaigh [comairce] cen eiriasacht, cen egairdeis, O'D. 979 (H. 3.17, 778). Cf. teora bunsacha uasaib hi fraig (of poets), LU 7665 ( BDD 124 ).

Freq. toy or boy's spear or javelin as oppd. to weapons used by adults: urcor flescaig, is eiside macc bundsaige ` spear-youth ', Laws iv 138.16 . mac bondsaide . . . .i. mac dana indenma bonnsach isin aeis sin, O'Curry 241 (H. 3.18, 135) = 559 (277). Perh. also: in bunnsach i nairecht. Masa cinnte leis co roisi tairsib is fiach fian cluithi, O'Curry 2381 ( Eg. 88, 29b ) ( Celtica viii 150 ). a scíath slissen laiss ┐ a bunsach (youthful Cú Chulaind), LU 4868. focherded a bunsach ríam, 4869 . focheird a bunsaig rout n-aurchora úad, LL 33139 ( Fraech 47 ). nabad scarad mac ṁbec im bunsachaib baísi that it would be no child's-play, LL 32783 ( TTr. 1995 ). cor cluiche nó bunnsaige (forbidden on Sunday), Ériu ii 206 § 25. do thréig bonnsacha bláithe / ar ruaidhshleaghaibh rionnáithe, DDána 105.3 . birán bunsaigi baisi oppd. to airm croda chura[da], TTebe 3213 . ag lámhach bonnsach (in list of youthful games), TSh. 524. Note also: bonnsach `a Dart Javelin ', Eg. Gl. 88. do chaith Saul an bhunnsach, 1 Sam. xviii 11. nochan fuaratur bir na bundsach isin tsligid-sin met with no opposition at all, Ann. Conn. 1225.12 .

Other applications: for bunnsachaib na gréne = radiis (Gloss.), Lat. Lives 82.x = for[s]na goa greine, Vita Br. 54. ic buadnaisi a bunnsachaib a briathar `to threaten with the scourges of his words', MR 168.5 . dá bhonnsaigh `two spindle- shanks', Ó Bruad. i 76.z .

n ā, f. (coisige) act of travelling on foot: conair coimhréidh coisidheachta, BNnÉ 226 § 128 and n. 3 . ní tráth coisigheachta dhuit anois é, Oss. iii 220.6 . nochan fhuair-seamh meaisneach re coisigheacht nó re marcoigheacht do dhénomh, Acall. (Leabh. ó Laimhsgr.) iii 184.17 .

pron ( dé, SCC § 8 , § 33 . FB § 73 . LU 44 a 15 . Laws i 294. 29 ) of the two, in connection with interrogative and dual pronouns; in Mid.-Ir. gradually replaced by díb. Identical with the preposition (opp. Stokes Bezz. Beitr. ix 89 ); as the dat. dual never differs from the d pl., de probably includes no suffixed pronoun. cia de: coartor autem e duobus .i. ciade dogega which of them (the two) I shall choose Wb. 23 b 33 . nochan fes cia de dodellui araill .i. nochan fes cia díb asa helodh leiges ria chéile, O'Dav. s.v. dellui . cia de is mó...aer nó in talam, SR 7925 . cechtarde, cechtar de, later cechtarda each of the two, either of the two, both . cach la sel dún for imrádud Dé in sel aile for precept. ar seirc Dæ dogniam cechtarde, Wb. 15 d 9 . cosc for cechtarde, ib. 19 c 21 . briathra áildi la cechtar de fri alaile ┐ menmae togáise calleic la cechtar de, Ml. 31 a 24 . in alterutroque .i. la cechtar de, ib. 31 b 3 b . mutuo fallantur et fallant .i. cechtar de alaile, ib. 31 b 4 . hi cechtar de, 39 b 2 . huare rombí cechtar de sech alaill, Sg. 29 b 18 . cosmilius fri cechtar de, ib. 188 b 5 . cechtar dé, LU 44 a 15 . oc cechtar de, Laws i 44. 12 . i cechtar de in each case ib. 94. 23 . for cechtar de, 116. 7 ; 146. 5 f.b. (either of the two). slán a cechtur de safe from both, ib. ii 60. 21 . do cechtair (sic) de, ib. 164. 21 . c. de, TTr.² 499 , &c.—de in enclisis gradually lost its force as an independent word, until about the middle of the 9th century it was confused with the adjective suffix -de and inflected as a stem in -io, d becoming broad after the preceding r. For cechtar de cechtar díb or cechtardae díb now became more usual. utrumque luminare .i. in lésbaire cechtar dae se .i. sol ┐ luna each of these two luminaries, both these l. Ml. 121 c 23 . utraque: ithe inso inna cechtardai these are the two (things) ib. 122 c 9 (n pl. n.; the corresponding sing. PH 7974 : ó dogéna Dia in cechtarda sin). alternos inter se sonos uidentur confundere .i. fogur cechtar de ar alaliu, Sg. 4 a 8 . ithé sidi nad techtat innairdegnúsigud cechtar de that do not possess either signification ib. 77 a 6 . araill dona longaibh cechtardhaibh some of the ships on each side CCath. 1967 . in eclais cechtarda, PH p. 574 (of the two churches, the earthly and heavenly). Followed by gen.: sé sgripuill cechtarde in dá oidche for each of the two nights Laws ii 134. 1 . Ísu do ṡuide for cechtarde na dá ech, PH 4458 . —cechtardæ díb: trian ó cechtur de dibsium a third from each of these Laws ii 144. 23 . ulcha fota for cechtarde díb, PH 3094 . dá cét con ac cechtar de díb, Acall. 2636 . ib. 6906 .—nechtarde, nechtar de, later nechtarda either of the two, after negation neither : ni rubi nechtar de cen alaill neither of them can be without the other Wb. 11 c 17 . ní lour less nechtar de mani bet a ndiis, Ml. 35 d 24 . nechtarde, Sg. 37 b 19 . nechtar de, 173 b 6 . nechtar dæ, Ml. 42 b 2 . Followed by a ndiis, ib. 14 c 4 . nechtardae díb: nechtarde díb, Laws ii 406.26 Comm. , corresponding to the nechtar nae in the main text. muna fuil nechtar de díb and, ib. iii 210. 17 . munob dána (sic leg.) re nechtarde díb, ib. v 328. 2 f.b. nechtar de díb, TBC-LL¹ 3720 . —nech de: aire nislaimed nech de: acht Nechtain sa deogbaire, LL 191 b 34 ( Metr. Dinds. iii 30. 49 ); seems = nech díb (Gwynn).—indala de (indara de)...alaile (araile, a chéile) one of the two...the other, corresponding to the indala nái of the Glosses. ma tá ceann in dara de ag tiachtuin fui (sc. in cunnrud) if the chief of one party is for impugning it Laws ii 292. 8 f.b. dliged tabartha dilsis in ara de ┐ dliged fríthe dilsidis araile, ib. v 336. 5 f.b. indara de...a chéli (not voc.), TTr.² 1767 . Laws ii 342. 17 .

[u, m.]. vn. of 1 do-lá. díol m., IGT Decl. § 95 .

I Legal act of discharging, taking the place of (?): mana-hatmaiter fri ní itir is a dá comgrád do dil de ┐ neach diambidh logh enech in cunnra, da dil don feichemuin; no cethri comgrádh da dil dibh a ndis (i.e. if a surety is not acknowledged he must be discharged or replaced by two persons of his own standing and one person whose `lóg enech' is equal to the contract; or alternatively these two must be replaced by four of their standing), Bürgschaft 44 . na fiadhain dligthecha . . . acht mana bet a da comgrad do díol díbh, O'D. 671 ( H 3.17 491b ). sena iar naititin . . . is a da comgrad do dil de nar aititniged dó two persons of his own standing are required to discharge him from the amount for which he was acknowledged as surety (?), O'Curry 316 - 17 ( H 3.18 174b ). gialla gabhala dia dil dia mbe tuarasndal bansgal (i.e. as female testimony is not sufficient in itself a `giall gabála' is required in addition), Cáin Ad. § 53 (see Bürgschaft 44 n. 3 ). Hence: do liud fiadnaise . . . .i. do dil a fiadnaise, Laws i 138.22 Comm. Cf. díol .i. diultadh (B. na f.), ZCP v 485 . In phr. díl ┐ séna: feich cin dil cin tsena fully acknowledged (substantiated) debts (?), Laws v 310.13 . muna be for diul ┐ sena, i 276.29 . iii 326.12 . ? Cf. is and fogéba do mnaí | cen d.¤ séna fo ṡóergnaí, Metr. Dinds. iii 354.78 .

II General senses.

(a) requital, recompense, retribution; atonement, reparation: in tan ata dil in cinaigh isin rob fein `when the beast itself is value sufficient to pay for the damage', Laws iv 88.12 Comm. nochan fuil dil in cinaid aga do setaib, i 110.18 Comm. ca dil raghus ar in duine ina chinta? a marbhadh ina cinta comraite, O'D. 550 ( H 3.17 col. 437 ). cen d.¤ (.i. cen biathad) daimi rissi, RC xx 158 § 8(ACC) .i. cen dil oegidechta in scelaige, ib. dom-bér i nd.¤ do mac ind ríg romarbus `I will give myself in forfeit', xiii 462 § 67 . a ndíol a ndearrna mise d'ulc . . . marbh-sa me, Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 40.x . carnn in chotaig sin la cách | cen nach ṅd.¤ cocaid co bráth | eter chlainn laind Labain lóir | ┐ clanna I. retaliation (?), SR 3042 . go bráth bud é mo díol de | techt tar sgél in chloideimse requital , SG 252.27 . a banscál, bid maith do d.¤ | fogeba nem cen anfīr, YBL 314b16 . triasin apstal doberair in d.¤-sa foirn, PH 2161 . cenmothat a oeigid ┐ cech oen dia mbói dil uad amach to whom he was under an obligation (?), LB 130b47 . seacht bpeacaidh dhleaghmuid do dhíol `we must atone for', Dán Dé xxxi 33 . leanum Crist co carthanach, | denum dil dar ndroch-ceirdibh, Lib. Flav. i 33ra9 . ní díol liom a los m' ḟola | ingreim fer mo chognoma I deem it not a fitting recompense, O'Gr. Cat. 463.7 . i ndíol mo sgeóil, TD 25.23 . ní ṡirfid fós díol 'na ndearna | síol bhF. ar an bhfaghuilsin, 16.31 . go dtiobhradh díol ar gach dán `a reward ', 8.22 . na fuighbittís díol fiach ina ffaltanas badh ferr a better satisfaction of their grudges, AFM vi 2080.8 . dream ar nach díol a ndearmad a fitting requital, Content. xxix 22 . saidhbhreas . . . an tsaoghail do dháil dó i ndíol Rachel .i. ghlóire nimhe, TSh. 9964 . ós é an bás is díol ┐ is tuilleamh i n-íoc an pheacaidh, 1539 . rainn díola dom dhán do Dhia verses offered in requital (?), A. Ó Dálaigh v 1 . i ndíol a ndearna mise do dhochar do Ch., Keat. ii 3201 . i ndíol a ṡáruighthe, iii 1403 . do bheir Día rath beg saoghalta . . . dona drochdhaoinibh a ndiol na maithesa bige do righneadair, Luc. Fid. 37.13 . ionnas go ttugadh [Críost] diol cert do Dhia san aindligheadh tugadar ar sinnser . . . dho, Luc. Fid. 44.6 .

(b) satisfaction, sufficiency; act of satisfying (a debt), paying; act of entertaining (poets, mendicants, etc.): cách aca nd.¤ riam a mbrugh | idir hécis is ollumh, Anecd. i 29 § 32 (v.l.). oc dīl occorso do chēli Dē, Ériu i 46.2 . mos-luadat . . . do d.¤ a n-itad co Boinn, Dinds. 16 . gan d.¤ a ṡainti, MR 250.18 . ag diol a bhfiach `paying their dues', KMMisc. 50 . coire . . . | 'na mbeith diol seacht gcéad d'fulacht, Duan. F. i 62 § 20 . smuaintighid nach bidh a ndiol aimsiri acu, 3 C 19, 70vb21 . nach roib agamsa don duine d.¤ fíach re tabairt tar cenn a anma, 3 B 22, 33b15 . legar fiuchadh doibh . . . no gomad diol bherbhthi in ptisan `sufficiently boiled', 3 C 19, 139a30 . do bhéaruinn duid do dhíol saidhbhris, A. Ó Dálaigh xlix 12 . ag caithem a ndila dona toirtibh, BCC § 355d . tareis na mboct do dil `after the poor had been satisfied', § 78 . cidh sámh leis an sódh . . . is doiligh leis bheith agá dhíol paying for it, TSh. 3606 . ní raibhi acht begán fiach orra féin ré ná ndíol, Mac Aingil 447.10 . teach do dhenom . . . do N. . . . do díol dámh Éreann `for the entertainment of the learned men', AFM iv 706.y . an breithemhnas aithridhe . . . do ghabháil chuige go toltanach ┐ a rún do beith aige a dhíol an tan fhedfas to fulfil, Ó Héodhusa 212.2 . a d.¤ coimhéta, ZCP vi 296.17 .

(c) treatment, handling: ge fūarais ūaind | onōir dalta . . . rab olc | ar ndīl ort arnat oilemain, ACL iii 235 § 30 . ag fechain an díla do-bera se ar an féin gach lai, CF 429 . gár bheag croidhe an Ríogh do roinn | 's gach díol oile [dar] fhuloing, Dán Dé xx 26 . an díol do-bheirid na crumha ar an gcolainn, TSh. 3884 . as bocht mo dhiol agad, Luc. Fid. 288.1 . Note also: a cor ar d.¤ maith `put to a good use' (of riches), PH 7751 .

(d) equal; complement; fitting object, warrant, guarantee; what is fitting or worthy (folld. by gen. or DO, rarely I N-): connach fail . . . dó dúal na do d.¤ ri gail na ra gaisced there is none to equal thee, TBC-LL¹ 3792 . ní mó ná díol mo ghaisgidh-se im' aonar atá ionntaibh they are not more than my single-handed valour can cope with, CRR 72.6 . gan a dhiol d'fhilidh induind a poet worthy of him, ZCP ii 351.z . co dtuc leis iat (sc. logs of timber) fóna ndíol taobán `with their complement of rafters', SG 292.25 . caogaid laoch . . . cona ndíol do mhnáib, 268.10 . ben díola degduine `fit for a gentleman', 142.4 (attrib. gs.). díol fuatha flaithes Eirenn `a mark for hatred', 469.13 . dil cach fedna 'na fearaib `his men worthy of any host', Hy Fiach. 212.1 . diol a bainne do soithidhibh vessels enough for her milk, BNnÉ 10 n. 16 . fil bur ndiol do ab sunn `a fitting abbot', 7 § 21 . tri ced bó . . . cona ndioll capall `with a proportionate number of horses', ALC ii 366.3 . a chuirp . . . | tú fa ríor nochar mhúin meise | dúinn gion gur díol treise thú though thou wert no guarantee of strength to me (?) Dán Dé xix 9 . na mná dhíobh ba díol tola | ní hiad anosa is annsa, Dánta Gr. 6 § 3 . díol san cheathrarsoin `the match of those four', TD 32.6 . ní díol síothchána síol gConaill no warrant for pacification, 16.4 . gé tharla a díol uirre d'uaislibh (sc. uille an ríogh) `its due of nobles', 11.26 . lór le fear má fuair do bhriathar, | beag 'na dheaghaidh do dhíol port `what place thou choose (?)', 29.18 (whatever you may say?). as sinn ios mó dho dhíol trúaighe dona huile dháoinibh, 1 Corinth. xv 19 . is maith an díol smachtuighthe é a proper subject for correction, TSh. 3478 . fá Dhia do dhéanamh a dhíola féin dá chréatúir `what pleases Him' (Gloss.), 8595 . ní feas do neoch an díol grádha nó fuatha é féin, 1155 (nemo scit an odio an amore dignus sit). a dhíol d'oidhre `an heir worthy of him', AFM v 1568.y . ni diol fochmhuide Dia, Luc. Fid. 278 . geall díola do chléir a warrant for rewarding poets, Ó Bruad. ii 128.21 . ris aní se . . . do chríochnughadh mar is díol as is fitting, TSh. 32 (for dual?).

(e) lot, fate: luadfet ed rígi cach ríg—is d.¤ firi na fer fíal the true fate, LL 32a48 . truag in garg-dīl rognīd and | for ingin ardríg hErend (of a princess burnt to death), LL 192b28 . on lo ro tilgedh ar in muir iad ni fes a ndil o thoin alle, KMMisc. 318.27 . Murchertach . . . | re ceithri mbliadhan fichet; | a cleitech cāidh, a dīl de (sic leg.) | ro bāidh fín, ro loisc tene, MacCarthy 410.y . do chuadar a ndrochdilaibh, 410.2 . olc d.¤ i torchair mac Duind, Metr. Dinds. iii 150.9 . ferr do d.¤ innáit sin uile .i. missi do tharrachtain duit, Acall. 4597 . nír ḟeadadar a dhiol na a dhiach, Hy Fiach. 38.16 . gan chodladh . . . | gan chobhair . . . | as doraidh mo dhíol, BS § 19 . dil in Aeda sin . . . indesat duib, Fen. 72.3 . ? biaidh tú it aoinmhnaoi agamsa. —Ní hagam féin atá mo dhíol, ar ise, acht agam oide, Keat. ii 4727 .

(f) end, destruction: d.¤ a uerbo deleo ┐ deleo mortifico , O'Mulc. 345 . díol .i. críoch, O'Cl. dia mbera breith fír for sein | ni bia d.¤ for th'airmitein, SR 3320 = erchra, LB 116a2 . bithaittreb péne . . . cen nach ṅd.¤ etir (of Hell), LL 281a19 (= crich, LU 1405 ). truag in garg-dil rogníd and | for ingin ard-rig hErend 'woe for the violent fate that was then contrived for the High King of Erin's daughter' Metr. Dinds. iv 328.39 , Peritia xvi 228 .

See díla.

u, m. O.Ir. díltud, díltod. Vn. of do-sluindi. diúltadh, díltadh, IGT Verbs § 98 .

(a) In Wb. used to translate scandalum, etc.: diltuth, Wb. 6c2 (a prima manu). in díltod, 5b7 . ma imfolṅgi díltud dun brathir gl. scandalizare, 10c13 , cf. 14 .

(b) = Lat. negare, denying the truth of, refusing to believe in: diltud esærgi, Ml. 15d2 (cf. Wb. 13b18 ). díltud remdeicsen Dǽ, 91a21 . díltod Dé, Wb. 1d12 . desperatio .i. in dilthut veritatis, Enchir. Aug. 75b ( ZCP vii 482 ). do dichor eirsi Maicedoin .i. diultad in spiruta noib, Lec. 301a16 . Hence gramm. negation, a negative: ar díltud ata in- gl. intolerabilius, Sg. 95a4 . fo diltud inso in negation gl. neque, Ml. 55c8 . ac[c] . . . nego latine .i. diultad, Corm. Y 96 . di-ainmne .i. di- fo diultad, 407 , cf. 78 , 504 , 506 . indigu .i. in- ic a diultad co nach digu hē, 759 , cf. 92 . dini[n] disail .i. di fo diultad and co nach nin, Auraic. 1566 . an diúltadh coitcheann `universal negative', TSh. 3232 . IGT Verbs passim .

(c) rejecting, refusing to acknowledge, refusing admittance, disowning: issé ar ndiltuth dūnn fanissin our denial of ourselves (i.e. self-abnegation), Thes. ii 245 (Camb. Hom.). diultad bathis, Corm. Y 756 (= d.¤ do baithis, LB). diultad diabuil con-a aslaigib, PH 8332 . dogéntai-si uli mo d.¤-sa ol Ísu, 3002 . icca ndlomad ┐ icca ndíulta uad, 6163 . antan bhíos ag diúltadh aneith budh mhaith dhó do ghlacadh, TSh. 8250 . With various prepp. DO: ar ngabhail lais an ccreittemh ccatolica ┐ ar ndiúltadh dá Prionnsa, AFM v 1736 . ag d.¤ d'fháis-chreideamh Calvin, TSh. 6109 . FOR: diultad for rig n-angel n-úag, SR 4117 . FRI: ni radligiusa diultud frim i Temraich I deserved not to be refused admittance to T., LL 51b9 . iar loscud dia muntir Dromma Liss ar ndiultud friu after his monks had burnt D. L. on being refused admittance, 369 marg. inf. isé . . . dorad fāilti do ḟileadaib Erend iar ndiultad friu do Aed mac A. a mōrdāil Droma Ceata, Lec. 286b5 . RÉ N-: diultad re ndāim fechta feile to refuse hospitality, Laws v 174.21 Comm. iar ndiultad dó roimh Padraic, MacCarthy 396 .

(d) refusing, declining to grant or to do: nar bh'áil liom thusa do diulte to refuse your request, Ériu vi 125 . diúltadh cáigh lé ní léamha `He will not dare to refuse her anyone', A. Ó Dálaigh vii 7 . ní bhfuilim ag diúltadh bás d'fagháil, Acts xxv 11 . nochan fhuil finghal ná feall | doirr na diultadh ná doichell, ZCP ix 486 .

adj o,ā (dliged). Used in O.Ir. glosses in sense accordant with reason or rule (Lat. rationabilis): chech irnigde dongneid . . . bed dlichtech gl. rationabile sit obsequium vestrum, Wb. 5c20 . is dligthigiu a cumscugud quam a feidligud more in accordance with rule, gl. rationabilius (in Lat. context ratione is oppd. to errore), Sg. 22b12 .

Hence

(a) regular, accordant with rule, right, lawful, law-abiding (see Críth G. p. 84 ): do ais lanamnassa dligthig to folk lawfully married, Thes. ii 255.11 . cétmuinter d.¤ , Críth G. 347 . doa macc d.¤ , 482 . batur in lanamhain sin i coibligi dlighthig, Lat. Lives 101 . ben dligetech a lawful wife, O'Gr. Cat. 81.15 (legal) (cf. dligedach). cen baithus nd.¤ , Ériu i 218 . brethemnus dligthach, PH 826 . cuir dligth[e]cha . . . cuir indligthecha lawful contracts, Laws i 52 n. 1 . ní d.¤ don aigne cin fis na n-earnuile so aige it is not lawful for the advocate not to know, ii 52 Comm. a ré dligt[h]igh in a lawful (regular) battlefield, iv 52 Comm. Tadg da dēnter dān bard nd.¤ (ndleteach, MS.: minchreach), ZCP viii 225 . aes in dāna dlighthig, Auraic. 2184 . dáil dlíghtheach Dé, Hy Fiach. 316 . is foe rogabsat muinter Ia in caisc ndligthig, Fél. 136 . i n-aghaidh a rígh dhligthigh féin, O'Gr. Cat. 583 . dedhe da cech cenel anmann indlighthech . . . do breith isin airc . . . ┐ treidhe d'anmandaibh dlighteacha unlawful (i.e. forbidden, unclean) animals . . . lawful (clean) animals, Leb. Gab.(i) 8 . ní nar dhlightheach do dhéanamh, Gen. xxxiv 7 . is urusa a aithne . . . nar dhlightheach anfhlaith do ghairm de, Keat. iii 4143 . dá creidi co díles dligtech, SG 19 . Thomas de Quino . . . deadhmaisdir canonta eirdersgnugad (leg. -tha?) an creidme co dlithech , Lib. Flav. i 37 ra 4 . Dim. (in poetry): as mé Suibhne . . . | nochan é mh'ainm dlightheachán, BS 80 . Compar. neach ba dlightacha dia gabail who could more lawfully distrain, Laws ii 50 Comm. dligtighe cath ina comruc a battle is more lawful (regular) than a fight, iii 300 . amhuil is dligthechu cumangatar in as close accordance with legal regulations as they can, 172 .

(b) rational, endowed with reason: ni ainm fuasnada doine . . . acht is ainm fuasnada nephdligthich ech (explaining irrationabiles motus), Ml. 16b12 . do spirut a hanmma dligthige, PH 4611 . do na beoaib ┐ do na dligtechaib (oppd. to: na marb-duile cen dliged cen tuicsi), 3368 . nā malartaid bar n-anmanda dligtheacha (= animas vestras rationabiles), ZCP xii 368 . don brig aicenta o tuirmedh ainim cach réd dligthigh every rational creature (?), Laws i 36 Comm. (in a passage where dlighed is equated with Lat. ratio).

(c) Of persons reasonable, just, righteous: nod-geilsigfe Crist eter dligthichu, ACC § 89 ( RC xx 268 ). masa sinde as ecorach . . . it Bragmanda a n-oenar atatt dligtecha isin doman the Brahmans are the only righteous people (the only people in the right?), Anecd. v 5 = adat dáine dligtechu, Alex. 922 . duine d.¤ dúr, ACL iii 307 §25 .

poss. pron 2 s.

Before consonants.

(a) do (usual form at all periods).

(b) du. Freq. in O.Ir., esp. Ml. (87b3 , 89a2 , 92b1 etc.). Also Ardm. (18b1 , 178b2 ).

(c) to, Ml. 45c7 (cf. tortachtae = to ḟort., 108a1 ). 45d3 . Thes. ii 250 , 255 , 281 .

(d) Other forms: tho, SR 6019 . thu, Ml. 44c20 . da, Thes. ii 249 . di, LL 224a12 .

Before vowels

(a) do (du), in O.Ir. only: do imchomarc, Wb. 31d18 ; 32a29 ; 29d13 . Ml. 30b5 ; 66b3 . Mon. Tall. 134 .

(b) t, th: usual at all periods before vowels and ḟ (freq. also ṡ). In later lang. freq. h.

With prepositions. After ar, iar, cen, imm, oc, tar as above (but see also next paragraph): ar do chrochad, SR 7797 . iar do glanchéil, 1582 . im du chenn, Thes. ii 249 . im do chlaind, SR 1878 . dar th'airmitein, SR 6320 . ar th'eseirge, 7798 . oc du molad-su, Ml. 81a1 . cen du chumachtae-siu, 50a6 . After co n-, de, do, fo, for, fri, i n-, la, ó, tre, the form t is as a rule used, and coalesces with the prep. giving the forms cot, dit, dot, fot, fort, frit, it, lat (let), ót, trét (trít, triat); somet. also in Mid. Ir. immot, occot (for im do, oc do): cut seitche, Wb. 10a29 . dit sailiu, Thes. ii 249 . dit nirt, SCC § 13 . dot muintir, Wb. 32a1 . dot accallaim-siu, SCC § 13 . fot lámaib, SR 6368 . fot huagréir, 6362 . frit menmain, 3808 . fort glonnaib, 6009 (but: for do chommorgeib, 6010 . for do [ṡ]nádud, Hy. vi 24 ). it dúilib, Wb. 32c6 . at thír, BS p. 54 . lat feirg, lat bruth, SR 4794 . ot mórchoimsib, 1746 (but: o do Dia, 1536 ). triat mígníom, triat immarbos, 1484 . iccotócrad (= iccot t.), TE § 9 (Eg.). immut táeb, TBC-LL¹ 4073 = imod thoeb, TBC-I¹ 2714 . Cf. also: rit chell (= frit), TE § 10Eg.; rot chlaind (= frit), SR 2039 ; for teched riat bráthair, 2926 . See 1 t, 2 t.

Thy, of thee , representing

(a) the possessive adj. and subjective gen.: cen tabairt domsa to fortachte thy aid, Ml. 55a19 . roratha duit do (du, v.l.) guidi thy prayers have been granted thee, Hy. ii 50 . for do [ṡ]nádud dún let us be under thy protection, Hy. vi 24 . suidig th'imcaisin fix thy gaze, SR 2115 .

(b) With vbl. abstracts most usually objective gen.: ac du guidiu-siu, a dæ beseeching thee, Ml. 22a5 . du frecur cheill siu to worship Thee, 106d3 . do foraithmet remembrance of thee, 135d1 . dogénsa to ḟortacht (leg. t'ḟ.) I will aid thee, SR 3824 . nochan úain damh t'agalloimh to speak with thee, BS § 29 .

Like 1 mo (q.v.) freq. in hypocoristics, see KZ xxxii 182 , Études Celt. ii 254 . To Channu, Thes. ii 281 (cf. Do-chonna, AU 797 , etc.). To Cummi, ib. Ternohc (= T'Ernóc), 289 (cf. M'Ernooc, 281 ); Togiallóc, Cáin Ad. § 28 ; Dobécoc, AU 689 ; Dodímóc, 747 ; Documai, ib.; Docutu, 837 ; Dosenchiarocc, ib.; Taedóc, Mart. Don. July 13 ; Dabhaotóc, July 22 . Often written du-: Duchanna, AU 705 . Duchonna, 725 . Dudubtae (gen.), 813 = Dubhtae, AFM 809 . Du Dubae, Trip.² 1753 . Dulassi (gen.), AU 750 = Dulaisi, AFM 746 (Molaise).

n (1 dúalach) also dúalas u and o, m. dúalas dúalghas, IGT Decl. § 38 .

(a) traditional right , that which is due to a person in virtue of descent, rank, or other qualification: a ndualus (dual, v.l.), a ndindsenchas, Metr. Dinds. iii 284 . do córaiged gach nech ar dualgus a athar ┐ a shenathar ann, SG 203 (order of guests in Tech Midchuarta) = ar duthaig, Acall. 5311 , cf. 5316 v.l. a rīgha ┐ a thōisigh diaidh a ndiaidh do rēir a ndualgus, Marco P. 78 . mac ionghar nach bhfoghnann da senoir do réir a dhualgais, Triads 159 gl. tabhruidh a ndualghus do na huile dháoinibh, Romans xiii 7 .

(b) custom, tribute or other obligation (due to someone): go dtiubhraidís gach ceart ┐ gach dualgas da raibhe ag Mac M. orra all claims and dues, Keat. iii 5152 . do tógthaoi cíoschána ┐ dualgais da gach rígh da raibhe ar Éirinn, ii 2462 . ollamh a sheanchusa ┐ fear coimeada a dhualgais ┐ gach sochair is dual do Ó C. do bheith aige, JRSAI ii 346 . dualgus an tṡagairt dues payable to the priest (mod. Aran dialect), ACL i 154 . i ndualgus an mhuilinn `tribute due' (Gl.), TSh. 10078 .

(c) Esp. in phrase a (as) d.¤ (with gen.) by right of, in virtue of, on account of, by means of: gabsus rígi sund i tanachus (a (n)dualgas, v.l.) mo mathar, TBC-LL¹ 54 . is é int Oilill sin tucsat Connachta chucu a dualgus a máthar, SG ii 480 . a dúalghus a mathair (leg. mathar) . . . rofhaomsat an righe do Breas, Leb. Gab.(i) 164 . a dualgus a mathar do gob Eri (of Bress m. Eladan), Lec. 358a18 . dochoidh da heilithri .i. a dualus Mic Erca ┐ Muireadaigh ` for the sake of ', Todd Nenn. 188 . tucsat na trí máine sea dó . . . ór do a dualcus a rígdatta . . . tuis imorro dó a d.¤ a diadachta . . . mirr din dó a d.¤ a doenachta, PH 7018 . Freq. in Laws Comm.: ma's as a ndualgus fein doniat a comairce on their own account, Laws iv 230 . ata foesum d'fagbail don athair as a dualgus protection is obtained for the father in right of him (the son), ii 20 . ma's a dualcus fogla rodligedh iat as compensation for, i 146 . a dualghus a snāmu tāinic ass he by means of swimming, v 206 . a dualgus a nirt fein, 332 . a dualus foghair . . . a d.¤ fotha in respect of sound . . . in respect of foundation, Auraic. 405 . descin a deachta | a dualas a doenachta, Lec. 344b9 (leg. a d.¤ doenachta?) = déghsain a díaghachta, | dúalghas a daennachta, ZCP viii 202 ( reward?).

(d) Meaning doubtful: flaith nach fuicfi fer cheinel itir dainib dualusa kin (?), LL 386b15 . a mic dheidghil dhualgusa (of Christ), ZCP xii 392 . dorat airle ndualais . . . dia daltu `appropriate counsel', Metr. Dinds. iii 302 . acht sain ō tát ina mbiu, | nochan fuil da ndualus ríu | acht firmac colla ┐ cuirp, Anecd. ii 35 . a haided can dualus ndil | atchuadus duit, LL 213a51 .

(e) In Mod.Ir. in various meanings: ná tabhair dualgus don éigse reward , PCT 620 . dualgas do thuamadh óm aithribh it is my ancestral duty to celebrate thy tomb, Ó Bruad. ii 244 . g an smuaineadh air Dhía nó air an dualgas a dlighthear dhó, Donlevy 70 . ar nd.¤ do thaobh ar dTreuduighe our duty towards our pastor, 138 . mo dúalas dó (: ḟúaras) what I owe him, IGT Decl. ex. 1027 .

n [ā, f.] (cf. éccíallaid) senselessness, irrationality : nochan écen æn eciallaighecht d'aithḟégha eturra 'it is not necessarily totally senseless to consider beteween them', Contract Law 275[m] ( CIH iv 1350.9 ).

n o, n. weakness; a task, situation, etc., to which one's powers are not equal : tánaisi d'éc éccomnart SCC 30 . garbthenn dos-rimmart cuairt cacht, | dos n-armchell cech n-ecomnart, SR 6552 . bera uaim comartha lat | not-saerfa for ecomnart, 3806 . BB 239 b 35 . nim-tainic-si riam d'ecomnart ni nosamlaind fris. Cach ecomnart riam domfarraid, rolaas dim fom chumang, Fél. 94.5 = BNnÉ 301 . ba héccomhnart la Bres anní sin : demenair side ba ní pudh moo dogegadh, RC xii 66.18 . ná tairmesccadh erḟúath no héccomnart sib `fear or feebleness' [?] RC xxiv 58.14 . mo máthair do brith a cacht | úair rosgnáthaig écomnart `she hath been used to tasks beyond her strength' Ériu iv 98.2 . díbergaig Midi...tucsat d'Assal écomnart (i.e. overpowered A.) Metr. Dinds. iii 280 . ropad fortachtaigthid do hi cech guasacht ┐ hi cech écomnart i mbiad, Trip. 30.6 . nochan ḟaca a n-eccomhnart | neach nach diongnadh do chobair, ZCP i 64.12 . dín m'athar aitchim-si | re hudhacht re hégcoimnert (leg. re udacht écomnirt ?) viii 202.26 . pl. ro innis in rí a ecomnarta (i.e. his inability to pay the Boroma, etc.) RC xiii 44 = LL 296b27 . dogheubham mór n-eccomnort trials beyond our powers ITS v 122 . mor...d'imnedh ┐ d'eccomnart ro ḟodaimsiot, Cog. 4 . is adbul a imned ┐ a eccomnart duind beith...ua rigsmacht in rig, TTebe 230 . Cf. ecomnart .i. inndliged...cidh ecomnart robé ina comobair .i. cidh indlighedh bes ina comobair na hatha no in muilinn `if there be weakness in its workmanship, i.e. if there be illegality' O'Dav. 808 .

adj o-ā (ecla or ecal)

I Fearful, causing or inspiring fear, dreaded: uathmhar gach eaglach, BB 63b26 (= cech ecla, Tec. Corm. § 15.13 ). Compar.: is eclachu lím do bás oltás mo bás fen, PH 2431 . m'oenuran dam isin sliab | a rig grian...nochan eaglaigi dam ní | na da mbeind tri .xx. cet, YBL 318b15 = ZCP vii 302.25 . dháibh is eaglaighe th'iomthós your proceeding is more fearful to them Content. viii 17 .

II Fearful, timid, afraid: eglach gach nuamnach BB 63b5 (= ecal, Tec. Corm. § 13.20 ). egalach uaimnech, BB 480 a 22 . ergid...dochum bar namad an tan ataid co heaglach anband remaib, TTebe 1121 . ba heclach iad resin tulmaidm talman, 2965 . do bhádar...'na sluaghaibh eaglacha [sic leg.] ML 142.14 . creúd fá a bfuiltí eaglach, Matthew viii 26 . atáim eaglach fam' uile dhoilghiosuibh, Job ix 28 .

n o, m. ; ā, f. IGT, Decl. § 11 , § 12 .

I Defect, flaw, weak spot (of persons or things): nach geimliged dib acht gach drem ar a n-aireochadh élang in whom he would perceive any lack (of courage) MR 198.17 . ni frith fer gan élang no gan etirlen (of warriors tested for courage and coolness) 200.15 . ar a crodhacht ni celam | ni frith orra én-elang, BB 62a33 . nochan feadar mh'élang féin I know of no weakness in myself Duan. F. i 19.3 . tréad gan éalaing, Hackett xv 19 . a Dhé...léigsi gan éalaing...Séamus...dá mhuinntir slán unharmed Ó Bruad. iii 140.11 . fath gan elang gan easbhaidh, Top. Poems 98.20 . nemh gan elang da n-anmain without fail BNnÉ 268.8 . fuar[a]ttar elang ┐ uireasbaidh ar an bprotexion `a flaw...in [the wording of] the protection' AFM v 1774.11 . fuair an Iustis...ell ┐ elang a fforcoimett Uí Neill ar an mbealach go ndeachaidh treimhit gan troit, vi 2224.10 . an tán na fuairsiott...élang na eislis forsan bforaire, Hugh Roe 272.7 (f. 72a) . dus an bfuighbhetis elang no eatarbhaogal for araill do bhailtibh meic M., 304.24 (f. 79b) . go ffuair faill ┐ elang na huaire sin fair, AFM vi 2256.6 . Hence opportunity: fuair Iarla D. elang ar eludh, v 1664.23 .

II Loss, misfortune (?): dith meic D., trúag n-élang, Metr. Dinds. iv 306.31 . cf. tri fichit láa dó for leirg | fer cecha lá inna cheird | batir hésein a hélaing | con[d]atánc[at]ar Héraind, ZCP iii 45§29 (`seine Mühsale (?)' Thurn., ZCP ix 209 ).

n ā, f. By Zimmer ( ZDA 1891, 1 ff .) derived from ON fiandi `enemy' (see RC xii 295 ; 405 ); by D'A. de Jubainville, RC xxviii 249 , and Thurneysen, ZCP xv 262 , connected with the people-name Féni; by Loth, RC xiii 507 , with `fine.' Acc. to Meyer, Fianaig. vi ff . it is from an abstr. meaning ` driving, pursuing, hunting ,' which has in Irish taken a concrete meaning and denotes `a band of warriors on the warpath .' Compare the mediaeval etymologists: fianna a venatione .i. on tseilg dognidis isberthi fianna friu; no fianna .i. finedha, ar is ina finib ┐ ina n-aicmibh nobidis ... no fianna .i. feinnedha rígh Erenn iat, Cóir Anm. 222 . Connected by Wagner, Celtica xi 265 , to fén. The people-name Féni is sometimes liable to be confused with the gen. of fian from which it is not always clearly distinguishable, e.g. airiseom óc féne, LU 5089 . Cf. bearla na feinei `the fians Irish' Eg. Gl. 522 . Archaic n p. féna for Fid, The Patrician Texts in the Book of Armagh 176.1 , Peritia iii 316 .

(a) a band of roving men whose principal occupations were hunting and war, also a troop of professional fighting-men under a leader. In later application esp. the warrior-bands under Finn son of Cumall, who are described as constituting a military caste: is e ropa thaiseach teglaig ┐ ropa cheand deorad ┐ amhus ┐ cech ceithirne ar chena la Cormac Find mac Cumaill, conad friusin atberat in daescarsluag `fianna Find', YBL 325a10 ff . ro hindarbad Finn ... ┐ ro sgaraid na fiano fris. ar ba hiad-sein cetherna ┐ teglach in rig Cormaic. Is de ad-bertaei fíana friu, ar ba siad fenidi ┐ milid in ri īad, Tochm. Ailbe 1 . See Fianaig. ix ff ., Keat. ii p. 324 ff . Traditions of Finn and his fianna are abundant in Irish and Scottish folklore. In Keating's time cromlechs were called by the people leapthacha na Féine `the beds of the Fian'. In Metr. Dinds. iii 280.49 : bátar fo diamair ... ic fiannaib, ic fomurib (of the chief roads of Ireland), and Cog. 114.28 : i folach fo thalmain inā fá dhiamhraibh díchealta ag fianaibh no ag sithcuiraibh, the fíana appear as belonging to a remote past and coupled with semi-mythological beings. Cf. opening pp. of Acall., where Finn's fíana are pictured as giants of other days. fian .i. ceithearn, Stowe Gl. 406 . Lec. Gl. M 114 . cona fein húathmair (of David's followers) SR 6283 . cona féin, cona fairaind [ = foirind], 6356 . nech dabur feind ná dabur foirind, Acall. 5142 . for formnu féne Forainn (of Pharaoh's host) SR 3992 . iugulavit me fian maicc Maicc Con, Ardm. 14a2 ( Thes. ii 267.38 . Trip. 324 ). arna guin do fianaib Maic Con, Corm. Y 883 . Fiachra Fobrecc fein co ngairg `with a fierce band of warriors' Hail Brigit § 13 ( LL 49b45 ). Find cona fein, Corm. Y 1018 (feind, Bodl.). docer la féin Cind tíre; la féin Luagne aided Find, RC xxiii 310 § 29 . fianna Find ... brecctais rinne | ... fianna Fothaid Canainne, ZCP viii 119 § 35 ( Rawl. 88b ). Find mac Cumaill ... in cētFinn ro tinoil fiana ar tús i nErinn, LL 379a38 . eter ḟiannaib fer nAlban, 261b3 . fíanna fer nÉrend ┐ Alban, BDD 144 (of reavers). fianna Eirenn, Acall. 5284 . fianna feochra, TBC-LL¹ 5683 . comérgid ... a fianna; arise, warriors (leader addressing a band of reavers) BDD 141 . mesir fiana iarna ngaluibh estimate warriors by their fighting (or valor) Ériu xiii 41.33 ( O'Dav. 1037 ). as mo thigh ro gab [Oisin] feind ┐ foirind (= took command of a company, became leader of a `fían ') Acall. 2467 . Finn's followers as a military caste are distinguished from the agricultural class, the settled population: doronad crandchar idir in bhFéinn ┐ aes na treabaire cia dhíbh da roised tūs do thabairt an chatha dona hallmharchaib, Acall. 1290 (`between the Fianna and the settled [i.e. non-nomadic] folk lots were cast' SG ii 132 ). Buanand mumi na fian ... i. daghmathair ac foircetal gaiscid do fianuib, Corm. Y 104 . fiana bātar i nEmain, | ir-Rāith Chruachan, i Temair, RC xxiii 304 § 1 (beginning an account of the deaths of famous champions). Temair Berg, baile na fían, Ériu iv 92.2 . se fichet findscél na fiann, LL 145a49 . for ḟíana rochalma ḟer nÉorpa, TTr.² 1691 . fiana ferrdha ... Franc, CCath. 5363 . d'ḟianaibh Fódla, d'amhsain Ile, TD 16.55 . fian Ghréagach `the soldiery of Greece' (i.e. the Fitzgeralds) 17.10 . see fénnid and fíanas. Here possibly belongs óc féne one of a roving band, a `fian'-warrior (?): g p. airiseom óc féne a resting place of fian-warriors LU 5089 . n p. inn óic ḟéinne , TBC-LL¹ 4950 .

(b) in wider sense a company, number of persons: rioghraid Laighen ... f.¤ mholuim, LL 394.1 . deich mic oile anba an ḟian ib. 4 . rī tarcai cech fēin, SR 7163 . fian sceith (sciath v.l.) shield-bearers (?) Ériu vi 135.45 . foḟuair féin fessaig findgil | im Chessair ingin Betha, LL 5b5 . Of pieces in a game, chessmen: imat fian fidhcelda, Anecd. ii 58.13 (cf. fíanchlár below). mar ḟéin na mbranán TD ii 199.1 .

(c) a warrior (late and rare): righḟeinnidh, f.¤ `a General ' Kirk = Eg. Gl. 523 . sir Sémus ... an fiann, O'Gr. Cat. (1700) 584.28 .

In BColm. 94.8 : a fían a saert[h]a ar cach cath; Plummer suggests reading fiach = in payment of their exemption from military service, making the preceding sent. (ar is ... ann) parenthetical.

Compds. ¤bla: fri f. fechta ` warrior-shout of fighting' (? field of fight) Leb. Gab.(i) i 68 = fri fianna fecta, LL 6a6 = re fiannaib fearta, BB 24b46 . ¤both a hunting-bothy . a hut of branches or similar construction in a forest or wild spot, an improvised shelter: fogeib in fianboith ┐ in mac ina codlad innti, RC v 199.3 . rosfuc leis dochum na fianboithi, ib. 13 . d'iarraid ḟianbothe, RC vii 296.96 ( LL 206b49 ). dognitis fianbotha folachta foslongpuirt acci i ndairib, Cog. 60.10 . i ffianboith folachtae i ccuas cairrgi, AFM v 1794.1 . tógaibh fian-bhoith fíréandachta do chumhdach do choguais, TSh. 2304 . Cf. ro ghabhsat longport fairsing fianbhothaigh an encampment of huts (?) AFM vi 2168.11 . See 2 fulacht. ¤chara a comrade in arms; `a mutual friend, one who protects and is protected' O'Don. Suppl. , from Eg. 88 f. 54d ( O'Curry 2639 ) : dot fiancarait .i. fear snāidhes ┐ sṅāidithar fear aile i n adhaigh [ = ina aghaidh ?] ┐ amail carait claochmoig iat ó dénait comairce a céile (cf. compact between Cú Chulainn and Conall Cernach : ciped chia dib nomarbtha ar tús a digail dia cheiliu, LL 122a8 ). nimrumart-sa mo f. Cú Chulainn, LL 125b10 ( Ériu v 210.60 , where the speaker is a woman). ¤chlár a board for (chess-)men: mó a clārḟiacail ... anda f. fidchille, LL 210a56 ( Metr. Dinds. iv 138 ). ¤chluiche (para)military game ( Celtica viii 151 ): In Laws v 150.11 ff . a distinction is made between `fian-chluichi' and `ruidles-chluichi,' the latter being apparently games proper for children. nocha uil ruidhles cluithi do codhnacha ┐ nochan uil col cluithi do macaib bega. Ruidhles cluithi na mac mbec is fiancluithi do codhnacha ┐ f. c. na mac mbec is col cluithi do codhnacha, Eg. 88 f. 28c ( O'Curry 2368 ). slán d'fir in eich na huile neiche ... acht a riagail re fiancluichi in codnaig uil uirre, Laws iii 182.1 (on injuries caused by a steed). fiach fianchluichi a fine for f.c. 192 20 Comm . (referring to a dog-fight) ; 250.27 ; 252.4 (ref. to boating mishaps, where it is transld. `foul-play'). ¤choscur hunting-slaughter, killing game: a foraim, a fomsigi, a fíanchoscur (accomplishments of Cú Chulainn) LU 4847 . 8453 ( FB 30 ). tairnic leo a bhfiadach ┐ a bhfianchoscar do dhénam, Acall. 187 . selg ┐ ḟíanchosgur, Fianaig. 54.26 . ac seilg ┐ ac fianchoṡcur 56.24 . ag fiadach ┐ ag fianchosgur, ZCP vi 38.13 . comus ḟiadaig ┐ ḟiannchoscair Fiann Eirenn, Acall 5281 . ¤deisel ? fochloch f. (text doubtful) ZCP v 499 § 7 . ¤ēirghe rising of warriors to battle ; a raid: Anecd. ii 73.12 . ¤erred warlike accoutrements: LU 6384 = TBC-LL¹ 2525 . ¤flescach a hunting booth of osiers: na fianḟlescaig fo thuga `the roofed hunting-booths of osier' Metr. Dinds. iii 112.31 (= tech, Dinds. 29 ). ¤gaisced 'fian'-valor: a[c] congbail in ḟiangaiscid, Acall. 5208 . ¤gal : (as pred.) f. Find Find brave as warrior-bands Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 20.5 . As npr. m. Fianghal, Caithr. CC § 33 , § 41 ; g s. Fianghail, —uil, § 85 . Cf. nom. Fiangaile, Rawl. 160b40 . Fiangaile gen. 160b32 . ¤galach valiant: g p. m. fer ngablach fíangalach , BDD 32 . As npr. m. AU 737 . 754 . 799 . AFM 732 . 750 . gen. Fiangalaich, Rawl. 144c14 , 150a19 . ¤glas `fian'-bolt, a pole, pike or spear (?) : tucait fianglasa ┐ airechra ochta ... risin luingsin ica cur ó chrích ... na Greci, LL 219b28 ( TTr. 188 ). acc srainedh araill da naimtib uad ... do sonnaib ┐ d'fianglassaib sithremra cona n-irellaib iairn imma cennaib, CCath. 3591 . foscerditís d'a ḟianglasaib isna tendtib flung (the serpents) from their pike-staffs (?) Alex. 714 . ¤rí (?) : Ält. Ir. Dichtg. 28.10 . ¤sruth `f.¤ -stream', fian-lore (`Fiannica', Stern, ZCP i 471 ) : fianṡruth Find, Metr. Dinds. iii 20.1 = fianruth, LL 216a19 . See ZCP i 471 . fiandsroth fian Find u Baiscne, YBL 119a36 = fianruth fiand [sic] in so, 325a0 marg. (prefixed to a list of Finn's captains).