v (* ad-(ath-?)-guid, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 551 ). Palatal quality in pres. forms prob. due to the influence of the vn. aicde, see GOI p. 355 . Indic. pres. 1 s. adguidhi, RC xvii 230.15 (Tig.). aicdiu (prot. for deut.), Bürgschaft 15 § 51 . -aic[d]im, O'D. 2330 (Rawl. B 506, 35c). 2 s. -aicde, Bürgschaft 28 § 75 . 3 s. ad-guid, Laws v 272.8 . 3 pl. ad-guidet, Laws iv 346.17 Comm. Pass. sg. ad-guidter, O'Curry 853 (H 3.18, 386b). -aic[d]ither, ZCP xiii 22.8 . Pl. ad-guiter, -aicditer, ZCP xiii 22.16, 17 . Ipv. 2 s. aicc (see GOI § 588 ), Laws ii 130.9 . Subj. pres. 2 s. ? ciatgeis, ZCP iii 37.33 . Pass. pl. (with ro) adrogestar, O'Curry 2396 (Eg. 88, 31a). -argesatar, Laws v 366.1 . Subj. impf. pass. sg. -aiciste, Ériu ii 106 § 16 . With ro: adrogesta, Laws iv 210.8 . Pret. 3 s. atgaith, Ériu ii 4.6 ? Perf. 1 s. adrogatsa, O'Curry 876 (H 3.18, 393a). 3 s. adrogaid, AU i 368.18 . adroegaid (cf. ad-goa), LU 9810 . adraeghaid, Anecd. i 42.15 . -urguid (leg. -árgaid), Laws v 476.24 . 3 pl. atraegatar, Anecd. i 42.16 . Pass. pl. atrogessa, Anecd. i 42.18 .

Vn. aicde.

Used with 2 macc, naidm(m), 1 ráth as obj. in sense of invoking sureties or guarantees for the fulfilment of legal obligations: dlega[i]r do cach déorad dé saigid a nadma[e] amal ad-rogesta[e] ind `for every exile of God is obliged to invoke their suretyship as though he himself had been invoked for it', Ériu xvii 66 § 7 ( Laws iv 210.8) . ní i n-aiccditer fir nime ┐ soscéla[e] Crist, ib. adrogatsa macu id gialli, O'Curry 876 (H 3.18, p. 393a) `i.e. I bound pledges [binding myself] to thy service', Plummer MS. notes. fiach dleghar dim . . . ad-guidiu macu inna híc, Bürgschaft 17 § 53 . `aicdiu' ol in feichem dia ndligther I give a guarantee, 15 § 51 . cadet tri gnima nadma? . . . imc[h]oimet neic[h] a n-aicdither, 13 § 43 . at-guidh in feichem ara-téit nadmen hi slan i.e. the debtor (on whose behalf the surety acts) invokes suretyship as a guarantee of compensation, 26 § 74 . aicc macu i n-ogslan co n-oghicc in[n]a raithe so furnish guarantees for complete compensation . . . of this surety, ib. atait tri nadmanda la feine nad roithead ní a n-aicaidter, Laws iv 56.26 . nit nadmanna na ratha adguidter ina dilsi, O'Curry 1767 (RIA 23 Q 6, p. 36b). atait secht nadmand segta ce ni argesatar . . ., Laws v 366.1 . lethnadmann . . . nadmann són ad-guiter dond ala leth ┐ ni aicditer dind leith eli i.e. suretyships which are invoked by one side but not by the other, ZCP xiii 22.16 , Bürgschaft 10 § 27 , ZCP xv 366.11 . lethslan fir (leg. fair?, ed.) .i. lethslan forsan mbidba[i]d, a lleth n-aill forsan flaith ad-guid in giall, Bürgschaft 77.26 . flaith atnuguid (leg. at-nguid, Bürgschaft 77 ), Laws ii 136.22 Comm. saigid feich a naicditar o mnai i.e. claiming a debt for which he has been invoked as surety, Laws v 308.18 . im coimet neich a naicdicher ar na tormastar ni fair, O'Curry 58 (H 3.18, p. 21a). is tar folta adguidet armaic friu, 803 (H 3.18 p. 372a). aic maccu dó samlaid 'appoint sureties for it thus', Cáin Ónae 38 § 2 . ? ben adguid aitire De no duine i fomatu a cuirp (of a woman for whose violation a man is not fined), Laws v 272.8 ( O'Dav. 913 ) (`eine Frau, die die `aitire' Gottes (eines Geistlichen) oder eines Menschen erbittet unter Darbietung ihres Leibes', Bürgschaft 73 ). ? nocu naicim imm[f]oichid air imma scuicthib acht maine tistar fo dochor chunnartha, O'D. 2330 (Rawl. B 506 fo. 35c). adguiter fír hOengasa (leg. nO.) . . . fris ┐ fir flatha na nDéisi `the pledge of O. and of the princes of the Déisi is requested as a guarantee for it', Ériu iii 140.170 . adraeghaid . . . Bran . . . ratha i n-ogh na saire seo, atraegatar na flaithi olchena airriu fadeisne . . . it é na ratha atrogesa sunn, Anecd. i 42.15 . conidh and do dechaidh Osraighi i n-dilsi fri leth Cuinn ┐ adrogaidh Maelgualai ri Muman a dilsi, AU i 368.18 `it was there that O. was alienated to Leth Cuinn, (i.e. came into direct dependence on the king of Tara), and Mael Gualai king of Munster warranted this alienation (i.e. pledged himself to renounce all claims to overlordship)', Binchy PICCS I p. 130 (1962). imroraid ni bad shairiu ara n-aiciste a chumachta that his power should be invoked, Ériu ii 106 § 16 . Note also: duli Dé adroegaid raith / tucsat dal bais forsin rig which he invoked as sureties(?), LU 9810 .

adj Word of doubtful status and meaning. Perh. also aidne. Taken by native glossators as meaning age(d): adna .i. ais [.i. ad-sena] quod ad senes pertinent , Corm. Y 99 . adnai ais .i. ad-sena .i. quod ad senes pertinet , O'Mulc. 27 . adhnáoi .i. áosda, O'Cl. Eg. Gl. 657 (as if compd. of núa). ?adbert nad bói athair derb do / adhnaib saire, Anecd.. i 51.11 = aithnib soire, Immrama 55 § 11 . ba tu tés isan tech ar tuss . . . doroimli co a.¤ ais banrignacht uas bandtrachtaib Ulad uili, ZCP iv 154 § 17 = doroimle caidche ais banrígnacht, LU 8231 ( FB 17 ). commáin ria cur romermais / oirb-si a a.¤ in dinnṡenchais, Metr. Dinds. iii 54.14 , whence aidhne .i. aos mar atá aidhne na Bóramha ┐ aidhne an dinnseanchais, O'Cl. (perh. for aigne, q.v.). As n. pr. Adna mac Uthir, LL 22578 . Adna mac Uthidir . . . ollam hErenn i n-écsi, RC xxvi 8 § 1 . immar roscum Adna ogh / ni tarba gen a tintod, Auraic. 1968 .

adj io, iā (aicned). Also aicenta. Some exx. included here may be attrib. g s. of aicned.

(a) natural (as oppd. to artificial, contrived): delb aicnete, Wb. 15b16 . nad rorthatar a rriuth na.¤ noreit(h)is dogres, Ml. 129d4 . in timthrecht naicnedti, 23a18 . inna folud naicneta, Sg. 188a13 . dechor ceníuil aicneti, 61a24 . donaib nephacnataib, Ml. 129d3 . in chonar aicenta . . . conar iarsa n-imthiget doine, ┐ conar saerda in chonar fugill, Cóic Con. 25.2 . fid aicenta fid na cailli ┐ fid saerda fid ind ogoim, Auraic. 855 . co na finib aicnedaib .i. a mic ┐ a nua, Laws iii 16.29, y Comm. don brig aicenta, Laws i 36.6 Comm. for ana[d] aiginta an tseoit, ii 18 z Comm. a foesum aicintu, 30.2 Comm. comorba aicinta natural heir (as opp. to an official successor), O'Curry 2318 ( Eg. 88 fo. 24 (25)c ). a aen Meic aicinta inn Athar neamda `only-begotten son', Ir. Lit. 2.9 . ina sosad aicenta `into its natural station', BColm. 54.30 . is . . . aigeanta imchubhaidh do'n ealadainsi, MR 94.13 . nach aitheóntaoi beitheadhach droigheachta seach beitheadhach aicenta, Atlantis iv 172.9 . d'fhaghbhail t-síraidheachta in bhréntuis t-suthain ┐ na pian n-aicinta, ITS xxix 128.21 . mairg thugas neamhshuim a dteangainn fhíoraiginnta a dhuthaoi féin, O'Gr. Cat. 219.24 . laithe aicenta the natural day (24 hours) (as oppd. to l. sáerda (12 hours) the working day): a lobad ar cach laithe naicinta, Laws ii 4.15 Comm. laithi aicenta ┐ da laithi soérda, Ériu xi 46.17 . do'n ogh-laithi aigeanta, MR 106.11 . fri re laithe aicenta, AFM iii 42.9 . fín aicneta, see s.v. 1 fín.

(b) spirited, courageous: ris in rigraid n-arnaid n-aiccendta n-allata, TTebe 706 . ceithri ceathramna certa / um ronn is rádh n-aigenta, IGT Decl. ex. 308 . See also compounds of 1 ard with adjj.

adj o, ā (cf. 2 aigen) epithet of horses spirited, swift(?): ech . . . a.¤ bairnech, ZCP iii 232.20 . aidhnech .i. aiginmhair, Ériu xiii 63 § 29 . .l. gabur . . . comrassa . . . aignecha, LU 10814 . méit eich aighnigh, Anecd. i 53.23 . A.¤ (name of a horse), Acall. 266 . aithnid dam eich na féinne . . . in a.¤ Diarmada dil, SG 100.13 . In n.pr.: Enna A.¤ .i. óg a enech nó . . . ágh nech .i. rob ághmar é, Cóir Anm. 100 = ionann aighneach ┐ ógh eineach .i. oineach iomlán, Keat. ii 2794 . Nel mac Enna Aighnigh, Dinds. 73 ( RC xv 473 ). Eocho a.¤ , Rawl. 83b39 . Note also: coscor a.¤ , Anecd. i 66.141 .

adj o, ā (áilges). Also álgasach.

(a) importunate . In name of poet Athairne áilghesach , Ériu xiii 13.13 . ailgesach dunaid ┐ rl. lán eneclann don rig a nailges do gabail de a sloigedh no a ndunaid, O'D. 1618 (H. 5.15, p. 14a).

(b) eager, zealous: ógh alghasach, Gorm. Mar. 29 gl. 5 . ba h-ailgiusach le hA. Serlus d'feicsin, ITS xix 32.14 . is urlum ailgiussach sindi im gach ni uas ail letsu, TTebe 674 . rob onorach ailgiusach leo a scela do cloisteacht, 1829 . oibreacha áilgheasacha na haithrighe, TSh. 1813 .

Note also: áilgeasach ` dysenteric ', Celtica vi 68 .

v also oilid. Indic. pres. 3 s. -ail, Wb. 5b28 . rel. ailes, Laws ii 184.15 . 3 pl. ailit, Laws v 198.8 Comm. -alad, Marco P. 183 rel. ailde, 202.2 . Pass. sg. -alar, ZCP xiv 347.z . Subj. pres. 3 s. -aile, Laws ii 178.2 . Subj. impf. 3 s. rel. rod-alad, Blathm. 100 § 32 . 1 pl. no-n-almais, Ml. 104d0 . Fut. stem -ebla ( GOI § 649 ; see further Hull, ZCP xxix 173-4). 3 s. -eabla, Laws v 200.20 and n.4 . -eblae, -ai, IT i 141.18 . -ebela, LU 10627 . -eblaba, ZCP v 503.19 . Pass. sg. ebeltar ( ébéltair, LU 5026 ), TBC-I¹ 537 . Later ailebthair, IT i 71.6 . Also ailf-, exx. below. Condit. 3 s. -ebelad, LU 10614 . Pass. sg. -ebalta, BB 397a16 = ebelta, Dinds. 142 ( RC xvi 154 ). Pret. and perf. 2 s. ron-ailt-siu, Blathm. 722 . 3 s. romm-alt sa, Ml. 45c3 . alta-si dano na dá mac 'she reared the two sons', Sex Aet. 87 § 51 (pass. for active). 1 pl. rodotaltammar, ZCP viii 313.4 . 3 pl. rosn-altadar, BDD² 106 . Pass. sg. alta, TBC-I¹ 366 . alte, ZCP viii 311.17 . rel. altae, LU 10602 . With infl. of fut. stem 3 s. rom ebail , LU 10285 . 3 pl. rott eblatar , LU 10284 . Pass. sg. rom eblad , 10278 . Later with s-pret., exx. infra. Cf. roaltsat, O'Curry 127 ( H 3.18, 76 ).

Part. ailte (q.v.), O'Curry 57 ( H 3.18, 20 -1). Pl. altai, Ml. 121c10 .

Vn. altram, later ailemain, oilemuin. IGT Verbs § 73 .

Nourishes, rears, fosters: sund rom altsa . . . atrebom sund, LU 4400 . rom ebail Sencha sobérlaid conidam trén, 10285 . is messe nod n-ailfea, 10627 . ro mbaist ┐ ro n-ail ┐ ro forcan, 256 . ? cia dé delbas faebru. a ndind ailsiu (.i. a ndind itú). cáinté im gaí cainte gaithe, LL 1569 = cia dia dealbus faebra andiond. indiond ailes cainte, Leb. Gab.(i) 266.4 . ní halar o marbcru, Laws i 140.30 Comm. don re ronailestar, ii 186.4 Comm. ma ro ail co aes diailtri . . . manar oil, iii 504.11 Comm. nosnaltatar for feolaib maccoem mbec they fed her on . . ., Ériu iii 138.2 . dlomais . . . a muime fri F. ┐ adbert nad ebalta lee he for lacht, BB 397a17 (= Dinds. 142 ). berthair lim-sa ind ingen . . . ┐ ailebthair (ailibthar, ailfithir v.l.) dom réir fein, IT i 71.6 (L. mac nU.). a incaib caich nodeail, BCrólige 7 . is dilus uaithe di eagluis notnail, Laws iii 70.24 Comm. is mé ro-ailisiu, Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 43.25 . ro lesaiges ┐ ro-s-ailius intí N. co lathí a bais, PH 1529 . Gailéoin roalsat Labraid for a loinges, Dinds. 9 (RC xv 299). is mairg ailter cen riagail, ACL iii 215 § 3 . a foghluim óirdhirc a n-oiltí Francuigh, Mac Aingil 6292 . mad ingena nos-berat non-alad fri druine ┐ gresa, Marco P. 183 . an chíoch ar ar oil an ógh / oidhre Dé, Dán Dé xvii 29 . 'na iomdhaidh rod-aileasdar, i 9 . ní ro oil in t-áirdrí in esláinte sin did not nurse (i.e. pay attention to) that illness, Caithr. Thoirdh. 58.10 . Note also: in e a macc oilfaigther na huile si filium eius nutrierunt multi, Trip.² p. 61 n. 1120-23 . Of rearing animals: is hé ro-alt muicc Meic Dathó, Sc.M² 23 . ebeltar cuilēn din chūain cétna leamsa duit, TBC-I¹ 537 . aidhid frisi-n-alar (of a calf), ZCP xiv 347.z . cuilen con ro h-ailed lais, MR 8.2 .

n (biad) obligatory service of a tenant in providing food for his lord (see ZCP xiv 336 ): aurbiath flatha cedamus is ruidles la Fene, O'Curry 53 ( H 3.18, 19a ). ruidlesa tuaithe . . . aurbiat[h] flatha, ZCP xiii 19.30 `das Nähren des Herrn (die Naturalleistungen an den Herrn)', Bürgschaft 6 . forran flatha fri haigillne nairbidh, O'Curry 2253 ( Eg. 88 18(19)d ). asé fortuing cach nimreasain . . . umm airbiad . . . .i. uman uasal biadh, O'D. 517 ( H 3.17, c. 420 ). ogh n-airbid o comarbaib, Laws v 432.20 . cach forcraid nairbid, ii 354.3 Comm.

adj o, ā (1 airmitiu). a.¤ féid honoured, respected: cach ōen comaldathar in cáin si . . . arop a.¤ fēith la Dīa, Cáin Ad. 30 . Later without féid: in fírén huasal a.¤ , Trip.² 2021 . fer soimm a.¤ , 2699 . fer óc a.¤ , RC xxvi 12 § ix ( LL 186a55 ). fer eirmhitnech, AU ii 176.22 . ingen uasal oirmitnech fia dáinib, Three Hom. 54.3 . a.¤ tuaite .i. dia tabair tua(i)t airmitin, BCrólige 32 . a.¤ Alman `revered one of Almain', RC xxiv 192.8 . i naentaid na naemh-Trinoidi . . . airmhitnighi, Lism. L. 1114 . gnuis airmetnech failid, BB 427a35 . a ógh airmhidneach (litany of the Virgin), Parrth. Anma 3944 . coic laithi airmhidnecha leo . . . cin tomhailt feola leo, `five days specially observed', Marco P. 27 . With metathesis oirmindech, ZCP xiii 8.18 . oirbindech, vi 24.16 . Compar.: mad sofoltachu in fer oldas in ben . . . no mad airmidnechu i.e. has a higher status, Stud. in E. Ir. Law 62 § 31 . Superl. ro hadhnacht . . . ionnus as airmidhnighe ro hadhnacht Gaoidheal riamh, Hugh Roe 326.5 (fo. 84b) .

n iā, f. ( eter, Bürgschaft p. 4 ). Later also m. in sense (b). Also aittire, aidire, e(i)t(t)ire, eidire, itire, oittire. Lit. being between, standing between or one who stands between (two parties to an agreement), see Bürgschaft p. 4 , 34 , 61 . Críth G. p. 74 . Cf. cid ara n-eper a.¤? itir a té .i. itir cich ┐ gruaid; no itir da feichemain, Bürgschaft 22 § 64 . a.¤ .i. iter dēde .i. iter dā fechemuin, Corm. Y 71 .

(a) hostage-suretyship : doté(i)t a.¤ ar ḟer feras in fuil he goes surety for the man who inflicts the wound, Críth G. 52 . cateat a ḟolta córai ó chách fris[s]a cuirther a.¤? for which surety is given, 58 . lóg a enech . . . téit fora naidm ┐ a ráith ┐ a aitiri he may go surety to the amount of his honour-price, 129 . dul tar a.¤ breaking a guarantee (one of the causes of loss of honour-price), Laws v 368.7 .

(b) hostage-surety who guarantees the performance of an obligation with his own person and not (like the ráth) with his property GEIL 172 , Stud. Hib. viii 52 , guarantor `who warrants the execution, not merely of public engagements . . ., but also of some of the more important private agreements', Críth G. p. 74 . ata a.¤ gaibhes gnimu nadma. a.¤ són dobeir laim im brollach feicheman co nadhmaim le[s], saigid riasíu ascomra. assed a slan undertakes the business of giving a bond i.e. an a.¤ who puts a `naidm' in the breast of the debtor, he sues before he himself pays and so he remains free from loss, ZCP xiii 24.11 ( Bürgschaft 13 § 42 ). nugu toibhghenn nech i cairdi acht aitteri, Bürgschaft 63 x . cungnat oittiri in fecheman toicheda riu, 64.7 . slan a.¤ cairde (title of a tract), ZCP xiii 24 (Bürgschaft 32 § 1) (see cairde). corus a.¤ (title of a tract), Bürgschaft 22 § 64 . cis lir a.¤ do-chuisin . . . a tri . . . a.¤ luigi ┐ aitiri foesma ┐ aitiri nadma, ib. (see also fáes(s)am, 1 luige). na huile neiche risa-ndechaid int a.¤ , 68 § 1 . atait secht n-aitiri asrenut la Feine . . . a.¤ teit ar mac beoathar fo-n-ocair a athair, a.¤ tar cend ambui anechtair, etc., Laws v 228.1 . caite a sslan na a.¤? .i. a fomeilt ┐ a imluath ┐ a gnim ┐ log .uii. cumal niath (.i. lóg cimedha, ar is cimidh ind aitiri iar ndithmaim fuirri) what is the indemnity of an `a.¤'? Bürgschaft 24 § 67 . ces do-gníther de muna comrastar fris? Tiagair dochum raite no a.¤ ma beit iar cul ar it he a .u. in sin biti fri heluth .i. naidm ┐ raith ┐ a.¤ ┐ ceilebrath ┐ gell what is to be done when the debtor does not come forward? One goes to a `ráth' or an `a.¤' if they stand behind the transaction, for these are the five (sureties) who guarantee against absconding, 14 § 48 . athgabail a.¤ aslui feile `distress of a surety who violates his honour', Laws i 214.25 (`der sich dem Anstand (der Ehrbarkeit) entzieht', Bürgschaft p. 70 ). in raith uil re aithne na conaire fuigill is techta no int ait[i]re uil re aithne na conaire fuighill is cóir (i) n-athcomairc i.e. it is a `ráith' if the suit is one of `techta', an ¤a. if the suit is one of `cóir n-athchomairc ', Cóic Con. 32 § 27 . is ed is a.¤ ann .i. do ghradhaib flatha uair cid mor do cintaib ┐ do raithiges ┐ do aitires ro-dlecht donn athair, ma ro-fagaib int athair dibadh accu — uair ni tet itire acht co cro, teit raith for comarba co no[m]ud — noco cutrumus in dibaid do dul isna cintaib, 33 § 32 . aitiri De cleric, Laws v 272.8 (see Bürgschaft 73 ). teōra a.¤ cac[h]a prīmegalsa fri Cāin Adomnāin .i. secnap ┐ coic ┐ fertiges ┐ a.¤ cāna deirbḟine fo Erinn uile ┐ dā eitiri cāna ardflat[h]a every principal church has three guarantors to ensure the fulfilment of A.'s law, Cáin Ad. 32 § 53 (see Bürgschaft p. 7 ). sárugud a.¤ nó crossi in domnaig oc saigid na cána in domnaig, Ériu ii 208 § 29 . ma asloat aitiri tobungar cumal ocht n-ungi diib, Anecd. iii 24.18 . do-bert .uii. n-aidirie di trénferuib Erenn . . . fri hasic na flathae uad ma fofertís a mifholtae fesin i.e. he gave seven fighting men as guarantors that he would give back the kingship should he behave in an unkingly way, RC xii 62 § 24 . tucaid huaib etere ṅgle / fri tichtáin doridise, SR 3499 . forbia for n-eitteire fein, 3503 . for cóic aitirib dēac on the guarantee of fifteen men, TBC-I¹ 2919 . ité a.¤ . . . do-breatha do Ingcél ó ḟeraib Hé., BDD² 421 . gabsait na aittiri eturru a fritisi, 866 . togaid aitiri de (ref. to visit of Ulaid to Bricriu), LU 8097 ( FB 7 ). de inchaib na n-atairi, 8184 ( 13 ). trían do flaith, trīan do fine, trīan do etarflaith ┐ do iteraibh (of property of deceased person), Ériu i 215.28 . it .iii. heteri gabar darcend in Choimded fri dingbail cecha tedmma dib . . . .i. Petur Apstal ┐ Muri Og ┐ Michel Archaingel patrons(?), RC xii 428 § 19 .

(c) hostage: nó idnaictís dosom geill ┐ eteri, CCath. 1636 . ní gabthar a n-eiteri a nglas no a slabradh acht lúgha fó láim rígh `hostages', Leb. Cert. 135.x . dia n-elódha in t-aideri, 11 . cor facsat etere ina laim .i. Isacar, BB 238b42 . cen giall cen eteri, RC xvii 354.29 (Tig.). braigti ┐ etiri, Cog. 48.8 . co ttuccsat gialla . . . ass . . . im aidire Ua Néill, AFM ii 712.5 .

COMPD. ¤-mac: do ghuidhetar ind Ógh cona haitirmac (of Christ), Caithr. Thoirdh. 94.35 .

adj o, ā = amnas: airsid ammai[n]dsech (aghmhar a.¤ v.l.), TTebe 3102 . Eachtor amaindsech, 3964 . ogh-briathra . . . amhainsecha `sapient words', MR 160.8 .

adj o, ā. See O'Rahilly, EIHM 286 ff. Pokorny, Jn. Celt. Stud. i 129 - 130 . I fiery, bright, glowing: saigtea ana gl. sagitas . . . ardentes, Ml. 24c3 . cosind saigit áin, 133a4 . ar licc áin tentidi, TBC-LL¹ 3384 . Appar. also in compd. derc (= derg?)-á.¤ : for licc dercain, RC xi 444.25 . amal sladar iasc mbrec for licc dergáin co sústaib iarind, LU 8655 ( FB 48 ). uaim ifirn áin fiery(?), Ériu ii 229 § 6 . grían á.¤ (or similar phrase) frequ. used of a person: ān grīan grīssach / goires brēoda B., Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 15 . in grían á.¤ (of Moling), Fél. June 17 . lassar gréne áne (of St. Patrick), Mar. 17. Cf. Senac[h] á.¤ mar oebill, Gorm. Feb. 11 . Perh. also: buidne ana do ainglib shining(?), LU 1993 ( FA 6 ). áes án bright (or splendid) folk applied to otherworld people and synonymous with áes síde: aes á.¤ nó sithc[h]aire, O'Dav. 1600 . do brigh go millthighe leisan aois áin (sic) no leisna siodh-bhruighibh gach mac, BNnÉ 164.4 . Cf. poc aosáin `a fairy stroke', RC iv 178 .

In more general sense as eulogistic adj. brilliant, splendid, glorious: an .i. uasal, O'Cl. hān flaith for Temair, Ériu xvi 147.15 . dend Eoganacht áin sin, Fél. Oct. 20 . Ailill á.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 483 . a Emer á.¤ folt-buide, LU 3946 ( SCC 44 ). it āna ind ōic, TBC-I¹ 165 . ni rubaim níth n-erred n-á.¤ , LU 6230 (TBC). gillai óca ána airegda, MU² 74 . co trebur co caomar cembedha ana airccecha, O'D. 2201 ( Nero A vii, 140a ). amais ana immglicca, Alex. 3 . Of a place: Emain á.¤ , LL 7515 . Ailbhe Imligh áin, Cog. 96.27 . Of water: ri c[ria]thras usce n-an n-úar, SR 41 . for in n-ocian n-ucht-lethan n-á.¤ , Auraic. 5353 . Very frequ. as epithet of Ireland: ōs Ēirinn āin, Bruchst. 56 § 125 . Hérend áine, Metr. Dinds. iv 150.8 , etc. Of feats, games: co clessaib ana, TBC-LL¹ 1851 . na cleasa ána iolordha, ITS xxiv 46.34 . bá há.¤ aircech aibind nobítis láith gaile . . . isin tig sin, LU 10131 . Of speech , etc. mad sulbair ┐ mad á.¤ in precept `brilliant', Wb. 8a5 . ba suī, ba ān, ba airdirc, Bruchst. 41 § 7 . ogh-briathra ána, MR 160.7 .

Appar. also swift, speedy (see O'Rahilly loc. cit. and p. 517 ): for a ndíb neachaibh ána udmalla, AFM vi 1920.18 . rogres a eochu ana athloma, TTebe 2862 . fer á.¤ athlamh, TBC-LL¹ 5324 . am tren, am an, am athlum, IT i 141.19 . confacatar na cet[h]a ana imtroma ┐ na casrac[h]a ana imluat[h]a, CCath. 4953 . tucadar cuir ana athluma d'aroile, CF 491 . Hence in glossaries: a.¤ .i. luath ut est airgiu ána .i. it luatha do airrechtain, O'Dav. 13 . a.¤ .i. ésgaid no luath, O'Cl. fir conoencosaibh ana (.i. luatha) (: lāna), Leb. Gab.(i) 52.1 .

Compar. is áiniu dúibsi a n-asbiursa `it is nobler for you what I say', Wb. 5a10 . dírimm bas choímiu ná bess áiniu, TBFr. 47 . ? is edh doberiud bruith isna hōgaib no-gontais ann, comtar aniu iarnauārach, RC xii 94 § 123 . co nād būi i fēin Find [fer] bad áiniu ┐ bad escaidiu ō sain [im]mach `swifter', Four Songs 22.7 .

Superl. is é rí as ánem ┐ as ordnidhem . . . tánic in domun uile, BDD² 1070 . In phrase in tan ba háinem (do) x when x was at the height of his performance, at his best: intan ba hánem dó, BDD 109 . in tan tra ba h-aínium doib beith for sin luindi sin when their anger was at its fiercest, BB 437b26 . an tan ba háinemh dona Gallaibh foran abairt atrubhramor, Hugh Roe 36.11 (fo. 10a) . an tan bá h-aínemh dóibh isuidhe `when they were here making merry', AFM v 1862.17 . Compar. used as superl.: in tráth rop ániu doib oc ól when their feast was at its height, LL 14637 . intan ba haniu flaith Cuirc hi Caisiul, Anecd. iii 59.30 . in tan tra b'aine in gleo sin when that noise was at its height, Aen. 2830 . in tan tra ba h-aine ic tafann na fiadmil, 727 . in tan ba haine do o[c] cathugadh fri lucht na long, BB 419a8 .

Adv. gabait ar a ól co h-á.¤ , LL 207b15 . go hā.¤ , ZCP viii 115 § 28 . nert Erenn ni gab co han, Fen. 64.19 . ? ro gerradh . . . co roan .i. co ro-luath, Leb. Gab.(i) 102 n.2 .

II As subst. glory, splendour, etc. orgin. o, n. ni ain something of splendour, Auraic. 1585 . Aimirgen indse Gáedel / ar n-ór, ar n-á.¤, ar n-óebel `our glory', Ériu iv 136.18 . As o, m. splendid person: gach á.¤ is éigeas, Keat. ii 1752 ( BB 43a 56 ).

Compds. ? ¤-bó: caeca an bó a hO. ` fine cows ', Leb. Cert. 64.1 . ¤-breó bright flame , Fél. June 2 . ¤-chainnel bright torch: da ánchaindil gascid Gaedel, TBC-LL¹ 3771 ( LL 10730 ) = anch., 3769 ( 10729 ). ? ¤-chend: doluid Eocho anchend ed, LL 375a28 (no rhyme). la hEochaid Ānchend, ZCP xi 65 § 16 . ¤-ḟer: bītis āinfir (: fáilid) maille frim glorious men, Ériu ii 95 § 4 . ¤-loise: dā ānloise `splendid flames' (of heroes), TBC-I¹ 3313 . ¤-rí splendid king: Maicc Cairpri, cāine ānrīg, Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 18 § 2 . ¤-spirut: án spirut nóeb nert nime `splendid holy spirit', Thes. ii 351.2 (Hy. vi). ? ¤tengthaid clear spokesman: antengtaid ardafeith 'it is a clear spokesman who tends it' Peritia v 88 (k) . ? feithem fri hantenguidh timgair gell comgrad 'attending to the clear spokesman who summons the pledge of those of equal rank' CIH vi 2223.4 , Peritia v 104 .

n (faitches) carelessness, inadvertence, lack of caution: anfót .i. anfaitchius, Fél.² cxiv § 30 (3) . anfot .i. . . . in tanfoitcius, Laws ii 2.17 Comm. is ed agurthar fuirre [i]nt anfoit lethfiach ┐ indethbir torbai ┐ anfaitces leth[fia]ch, Cóic Con. 18 § 10 (a.¤ may originally have merely been a gloss on anfoit, p. 71). ar imbed na n-anfaithches `for the multitude of the negligences', RC xx 54.14 (ACC). di fuachtain nó do anfaitchius `of injury or incaution', 278.1 (ib.). Ceall-dara do loscadh tria a.¤ drochmna, AU i 564.3 . i nguasachtaib tria anfhaitchius `though carelessness', PH 4859 . In more general sense: nachustarla anfaitchess `may calamity never come upon them', BColm. 50.21 .

In Laws frequ. in contexts referring to persons not responsible for their actions (insane persons, minors, etc.): fal anfaitceis, v 508.19 .i. in ime doni in ti ac na bi faitechus ceille co comlan, 21 Comm. ni abbail iriu anfuidces (.i. mac bec) . . . cia do beth anfaitces ceille fair, O'Curry 430 (H 3.18, 233b); 1745 ( 23 Q 6, 32 ). anfaidces .i. ceille in duine mir, no mac bac (sic), 433 ( ib. 234b ). atait a tri fors na laigh aititiu . . . .i. baes (.i. in mic bic) ┐ anfis (.i. in codnaig) ┐ a.¤ .i. fer echtar fine, 440 (ib. 237a ); cf. trí fors ná tuit aititiu 'na ré: bás, anfis, a.¤ , Triads 162 . ni tuit aititiu for . . . anfis na hanfaitcheas .i. ceille in duine mir no in ti oca mbi anfaitceas ceille, in fear leathcuinn, O'Curry 1902 ( 23 P 3, 23 (21)b ). is [s]aor cia ro astaithe cor socuinn cen a.¤ .i. in cunnradh doní in degh codnach cen a.¤ ceille air, 2398 ( Eg. 88, 31(32)b ). is ogh slán don ecmacht ainfis anfaitcis acht luighi nama, 2642 ( Eg. 88, f. 55ab ). anfaitces .i. ni caomnagair gin a marbadh .i. in fer ro marb tathair no do brathair ┐ is borblachus gin uiriasacht, no is anbothachus ceilli fodera dosam sin, 2646 (ib.). egmacht, ainfis, ainfaitces ni forbrad dire tar faoth forais, Laws iv 228.12 .

adj (2 fann). Also anbann, anmann.

(a) very weak, feeble: teach in duine nertmair . . .teach in duine anmaind, O'Curry 562 (H 3.18, 280). oc slait brait sloig . . . anbaind na nÍudaide, LB 157a16 . ag aos anffand anarrachta an tíre, AFM v 1664.21 . sluaghadh anbhfann (: anmann), TD 16.37 . é anbonn ó ṡiled (sic leg.) a fola, Fianaig. 98.12 . anḟand a tāeb / tabram dar sāer in soitheach-sa its sides are weak, let us bring this vessel to our Wright (of the body), ACL iii 234 § 4 . ar it anmand cluithe (= clōithe) cath . . . `since thou art weak in winning battles', ZCP iii 204.5 . ōgh anbann anaesmur `tender youth', vi 48.22 . cuirp anmanna, Ir. Astr. Tr. 140.13 . aran anmfann eórna, Études Celt. i 86.15 . teine do cur a cend teinidh ┐ an condum do beith anmann (debilibus), Rosa Angl. 116.8 . Compar. combad anbainde iat de, LB 144a3 . ōs é rob anmainne isin cathugudh since he was the weaker . . ., ZCP vi 61.19 . Adv. roghab reme iartain co h-anfand co M., RC xiii 60 § 55 . lodsam co scíth anfand ass, LL 207a48 .

As subst.: nos bered in tíí ba tresi dib a chuit on anbhánd, LB 155b36 . noshoerad na bochtu ┐ na ha[n]mhfhanna, Lism. L. 4890 . do chrechadh thrōgh is anmḟand, ZCP xii 392.17 .

(b) sad, dejected. Adv. do bi sisi co hanbann (moestissime), Smaointe B. Chr. 4545 . ag feithemh a celi co hanbhann, 4624 .

adj (óg) incomplete, imperfect: anog ┐ óg, Sg. 157b5 . in tan is leth aithgin . . . is anógh in éric, Laws ii 62.2 Comm. Of a word: comsuidiugad o dib nogaib . . . o dib nanogaib . . . o hoigh ┐ o anoigh, iii 96.2 . Of a person: dorenar gach n-iodhan oighdhíre, dorenar gach n-anogh eneclann, Ériu xiii 15.28 `every imperfect person is paid with `eneclann', Celtica vi 226 § 78 . ní agraid acht ógh ni cuinnghid anogh, Ériu xiii 17.27 . ni rochait anoigh inn[r]acus .i. aos mbraith ┐ cubuis .i. . . . in lucht nachat ógha iman guin, O'Curry 2587 ( Eg. 88, 49(50)d ). anóg sciath 'the maiming (?) of the whitethorn' Celtica ix 158.65 .

(ass(a)e). Also ins(a)e, see GOI 544 . Always ins(a)e in Wb. in positive copula sentences, Thurn. ZCP i 5 .

I Adj. io, iā. Not used attrib. in O. Ir. Glosses.

(a) hard, difficult (to do): is insæ in ball do thinchosc neich asberad cenn, Wb. 13a19 . Frequ. in phr. is a.¤ do: nipa anse dúib mo intsamil, Wb. 19d18 . niba anse duit, 29d21 . amal nách nannse ṅdúib, 6d9 . is inse a ndímiccem, 4c2 . is inse ṅduit, 5b28 . ba inse dún epert gue, 14c29 . ni anse són, Ml. 45d20 . ba ansa dóib immthecht i tír, Trip.² 1525 . cid ansa don curp `if it is hard for the body', Mon. Tall. 149.22 (§ 60) . bá ansa damsa óenadaig / la demon co n-ír, LU 9441 . is andso (.i. is dolig) dam-sa ém a brethugud, 8777 . atá nech risnid andsa (.i. risnad dolig), 4004 ( SCC 45 ). is indsa don memor cachtad in cind, Laws iv 54.22 Comm. mo thaeb dess is mo tháeb clé / andsa mess for cechtar de, LL 9463 . dambad fherddi in cóiced a bith ace ra blíadain ni hindsa a bith ace it is not impracticable for him to have it, MU² 84 . Adv. ní géis co ansa do not make a difficult request, LU 3487 ( SCC 26 ). Of persons hard (to cope with), troublesome: dindí as na.¤ . . . á cenél sin `for that that nation is troublesome', Ml. 104a6 .

The phrase ní ha.¤ is commonly used to introduce an answer to a question in meaning well, as a matter of fact: cannas ro hainmniged? nī hannsa. Léna mac R. . . ., Sc.M² 23 . cid ara n-eperr Críth Gablach ? ní anse: arindí crenas . . ., Críth G. 1 . ced ón, cía sút ? ní hannsa . . . Conchobar . . ., MU² 550 . cindus nodngebtar ? . . . ninsa, Mon. Tall. 140.27 (§ 33) . cait a mbi si . . . ninsa .i. ni handsa, Laws v 2.7 Comm.

(b) hard in sense of unpleasant, unfortunate, sad: an cádhus do chleacht idir / ionnsa a dhul a ndímhigin (of poetry), Studies 1923, 421 § 3 . ionnsa don truaill-se atá umainn / an lá fhuair-se urraim uain `bad for this body of mine the day I spared it', Dán Dé xix 3 . ionnsa saor-shlat gan a síol / sníomh liom-sa th'Aonmhac, a ógh `sad that branch robbed of its seed', xxvi 37 . mar tám is ionnsa lem aithghin `my state is hard for one like me', Studies 1919, 74 § 13 . innsa re n-áes cumtha cóir / . . . / a dal ar lúi mara móir, BNnÉ 97 § 3 . cid innsa oc Mongḟind though it be unpleasant for M., Ériu iv 96 § 20 .

(c) In attrib. use: in leó húathmar a.¤ formidable , BDD² 515 . laech ansa do dingbail a gasciud fon samail, LU 6205 (TBC). tír ṅdúaig . . . co n-ócaib ansib, TBFr. 386 . ruc mac n-annsa die muintir troublesome(?), Corm. Y 878 . dús in [n]dernsaid nach gním n-insa `evil deed', Celtica iv 20.240 . a Comgaill cáid annsa 'o dear holy Comgall' Éigse xiv 20 § 7 .

Compar. ansu, Ml. 85c14 ; 95d13 ; 131b4 (see Suppl.) gl. gravius, cf. 133a4 . ánsu de (andsati v.l.), Trip.² 2593 . iss andsu dúib ind naithir fail ocon dún, TBFr. 414 . ba handsu dó meic Nectain / do chur assa prímlepthaib, TBC-LL¹ 1479 . imraidset . . . nípád ansu C. acht tuctha a cletíne airi, LU 5802 (TBC). andso dóib ma tát i péin / cen adrad Ríg roithes gréin things will be more difficult for them if they fail to . . ., LL 4167 . comtis annso a phiana oldas mar ata, Ériu ii 142 § 152 . gnim rob indsa dún, LB 116b46 .

Superl.: a n-as ansam diib (of difficulties), Wb. 10b1 . cid as andsam (.i. dolgi) lib ropridchastar in clerech, LU 9746 . inn é sin as andsam fil la Ultu hardest to deal with, 4837 . tene bas andsom lat dod loscud `the fire thou most dreadest to burn thee', Mon. Tall. 136.16 (§ 24) . andsum dire treibdire most difficult to assess or give a ruling on, Laws iii 458.12 . secht frithberta . . . ada andsum do ursciathu[d], v 290.17 . annsom i notrus . . . biatad ┐ tarrsunn `most difficult in nursing', BCrólige 24 . it e . . . ata andsam . . . oc sáigded, Alex. 504 . cid as andsom leat tucais? `what was hardest for thee to bring?', ZCP i 459.10 . ? Attrib. fer croda annsam chain . . ., TBC-I¹ 3169 . mac dorighne écht n-annsom, Cóir Anm.² ii 46 § 162 .

II As subst. difficulty, trouble: nacham tair olc na hindsa, LB 106b48 . luach é gan ionnsa, BNnÉ 204 § 49 . da indsa dec in domain abuses, Flower Cat. 489.3 . ní eadar gá ionnsa as mhó what greater difficulty(?), Dán Dé xxvi 28 . is cead liomsa a Dhé mo dhul / beag n-ionnsa é do eadar I know it is not difficult to say, xxv 17 . uch cid ro batar dam-sa / na ro ḟegsat ardinsa `great vexations', TFerbe 479 . Superl. used as subst.: dethfir itir in andsum ┐ in ecmacht: in t-annsum .i. is doiligh do neoch an fadbail, Laws v 222.7 Comm.

o, [m.] vn. of ad-cuirethar. Lit. act of throwing back, but freq. with force of ath- very much reduced.

(a) act of giving back, returning, restoring: is mesech a athcur cib cuin ro-cara, ZCP xvi 211.33 = is meisech athcu[i]r, xv 246 § 5 . ni astaither in saorrath cin athchur, Laws ii 216.23 Comm. diablad fria n-athchur (of stock), v 222.x Comm. cuic seoit ┐ athchur sunn uile san athgabail, 254.13 Comm.

(b) With FOR act of returning to, restoring to: ind praind sin do adcor forsind comdid `to cast that meal back upon the Lord', Mon. Tall. 148.25 (§ 58) (perh. in physical sense to vomit). ma ta aice nech for a derndta athcur, dena (of a wife), Laws v 144.16 Comm. no co nderna a athchur for a athair `until he returns him to his father', iii 502.19 Comm. (of returning a child from fosterage). gu caemsatís a a.¤ focetoir for righ (of a doubtful child whom no `fine' will admit), O'D. 2312 ( Rawl. B 506, 31d ). dá mbeith si 'ga ha.¤ ort `if she be restored to thee' (a wife), TD 20.50 . Hence of handing back, renouncing (a pact, etc.): luid . . . do a.¤ a chairdessa for Coin Culaind to return his friendship to C. (i.e. to renounce his friendship with C.), LU 6017 (TBC). tarmartatar . . . dol do a.¤ a chotaig . . . fri righ Temrach to renounce, Anecd. ii 74 § 31 . ag iarraidh ádhbhar athchuir a chómhosaidh ar Chonn `a cause for breaking his truce', ML 70.25 . In later lang. act of urging upon, recommending to: tánag d'athchur Fhódla air / Aodh Ó Domhnaill Dúin Bhalair to urge the cause of Ireland on him, Magauran 3828 . do ghaolta dá hathchur ort / faghthar t'aonta don Iarlacht `thy kinsfolk pressing it on thee', Aithd. D. 37.34 . máthair Críost re n-abar ógh / bíodh dom athchar ar a huan, 90.8 . dia athchar forro cech . . . truagh nobhiad leo a tidlacad dia dun-som, Marco P. 124 . In literal sense: a athchur ar húa nAinmirech to hand him over to . . ., MR 246.22 . With DO: faidis . . . techta do athchar chisa do M. `to yield tribute to M.', Marco P. 156 .

(c) act of rejecting, adjourning, postponing (a suit): eric troisce tar dliged uaithib ┐ a n-athcur dogres `they shall . . . be non-suited', Laws i 86.28 Comm. cuic seoit ┐ athcur co laithe for sechtmain, 114.1 Comm. ? do beir in saíre athcur for anud `puts an end to the stay', ii 114.13 Comm. ma tainic in grad feine d'acra in graid flatha . . . ┐ ni tarta gella . . . dó is athcor cu cend bliadna, O'Curry 679 (H 3.18, 331). ? re nathcur caitche cethra co ruice fogelta compensating(?), 257 (H 3.18, 149b).

(d) act of throwing; throwing out or away, getting rid of, dispelling: re h-imud na n-urchur aca n-athchur eturru being exchanged, TTebe 3085 . na cathaighthe anall 's anonn / dar n-athchuirne ó all go hall swaying us, Aithd. D. 51.13 . tucatar . . . athchur coitcenn ar a cloidhmib ┐ ar a clogadaib, etc. they flung away weapons and armour (of routed troops), Caithr. Thoirdh. 68.20 . ni mōr nach gcuirit trī lēige d'a.¤ a pelér `they carry almost three leagues in shooting their bullets', Fl. Earls 68.2 . icc atc[h]ur a n-anmann . . . dara mbelaibh seachtair, CCath. 6125 . tainig soillsi . . . iar n-athchur an dorchadais, Aisl. Tond. 110 § 1 . tabhair phóig go díochra dhamh / dar móid fhiochdha budh athchar `this will be enough to dispel our angry feelings', Magauran 2551 . fescar flaithiusa ┐ . . . athchur airechais `destruction', MR 122.4 .

(e) act of expelling (person): athc[h]or ar an ord ēiccius expelling the poets, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. v (1919) 92 § 8 . glún mh'oileamhna dom a.¤ (obadh v.l.) `that the knee which nursed me should reject me', TD 3.46 . nír hachradh cách ó chridhe / gér ghnáth athchar ainbhfine though one usually wishes to expel a foe, Aithd. D. 71.35 . ó atáid Gaoidhil . . . ag a.¤ Ghall, O'Hara 2892 . T. . . . do athchur a flaithes ua mBriuin was expelled, AFM ii 1064.7 . ar macaibh Ruaidhri da.¤ uaidh `on condition that he should expel the sons of R.', iii 228.7 . d'athchur ┐ d'innarbad C[h]uinn, ML² 875 . arna n-a.¤ ┐ arna n-ionnarbadh a parrthas, TSh. 3607 . tugadh achur ┐ ionnarbadh ar in rí, ZCP xxxiii 135 § 24 . do chuireadoir ar achur ┐ ar ionnarbadh é, § 25 .

(f) Various: ro-mboísom do nirt . . . a n-indarba a tír Hérenn do a.¤ a ndíbergi allanall to transfer their plundering to the other side(?), BDD² 400 . cen tinntúd ┐ cen a.¤ cusin coimdid turning back, PH 4196 . cor ┐ athcor . . . in cloigem ort, Acall. 2249 v.l. (= a sochar ┐ a dochar in chloidim ort, text). act of replanting: benaid . . . a croinn a huir dia n-athcur doridhisi, Marco P. 165 .

adj io, iā (augtar) authoritative, learned: fer aughtordha, AU ii 170.20 . tinnscedal do'n tres . . . ughdardha ollamhanda, MR 94.18 . na n-ogh-briathar . . . ughdarda, 92.2 . lán d'eagna ughdardha, DDána 102.39 . co hollomhda augdurdha, CCath. 5215 . an teagh . . . iar n-a imdēnomh go haughdardha inntlechtach `with skill and dexterity', Fl. Earls 120.y .

n t, m., also o.

Not freq. in the earliest texts. Oldest ex. prob. aurrai (sic MS), Críth G. 457 , where used in the apparently secondary sense of leader, chief . If the form aurrad is old it could be < *ar-fo-rath, cf. deorad < *di-fo-rath, with which it is frequently contrasted in legal texts (thus Wortk. viii § 175 ). But derived by Binchy from 1 ráth ZCP xxxiii 88 . The inflexion and meaning are against treatment of aurrae as vn. of a compd. of renaid. urra, orra, earra f., IGT Decl. § 7 . urradh, orradh, earradh m., § 11 . Also with n s. -aid, Ir. Gl. 304 , Tec. Corm. § 31.17 (?), Ériu i 126.12 , Cog. 118.16 . g s. urrada, O'Curry 630 ( H 3.18, 364 ). urrad, ACL iii 228.74 . n p. urradha, AFM v 1654.5 , Cog. 206.21 . urraidhe, TSh. 71 . g p. uraidhe, BNnÉ 318 n.18 . Note also d. sg. uirridh, Celtica xxi 8 .

(a) person who is native within the bounds of a `fine', `túath' etc. , person whose protection and rights have been vouchsafed Wortk. viii § 175 , ZCP xxxiii 88 , as oppd. to `deorad'; native freeman, landowner, person of standing: indigena .i. urraidh, Ir. Gl. 304 . isiat na hurraidh atbeir and:—fir aen eirce, no aencriche, no cid lucht aen choicid ar meadhon dia cheile . . . ┐ dia mbedis fo smacht aen rig . . . asiad na deoraid, na cuigeadhaidh dia cheile, O'Curry 2011-2 (H 4.22, p. 34). mad mac imurro berus cetmuindtir do urradh is dilus da trian na n-orba sa do, uair berait mic na nurrad cinaid `because the sons of native freemen bear (i.e. pay for) liabilities', Laws iv 44.17 Comm. beirid cach dibad ┐ cinaid araili amuil cach nurraid, 42.z Comm. muinter Cennansa erraid deoraid, Misc. Arch. Soc. 128.3 (`both natives and pilgrims?' Plummer MS notes). ro edpairset . . . disiurt Choluim Chille . . . do deoradaib craidbechaib . . . cen seilb ṅdilis do nach erraid ann trea biuthu, 130.7 . urraid cách co fócra, Tec. Corm. § 31.17 . do maccaib deórad . . . do maccaib aurrad (urradh v.l. St.), TBC-LL¹ 19 . bud aurchur deoraid sin ┐ ni ba hicht urraid, 1289 . dligid Ū Gusān cáin a deorad ┐ lethc[h]āin urrad ó ríg Midhi, BColm. 64.26 . maccaib sceo ingenaib deoraid aurraid láichaib, LL 215a25 . ag dícendadh urradh ┐ easurradh na ccendtar . . ., AFM v 1698.2 . a thermainn toghaide d'fagbáil 'ga nurradhaibh ┐ 'ga noighredhaibh iomcuibhde dia éis, BNnÉ 264 § 225 . teagh ríogh Chruachan cuma a luadh / is (um, as, MSS) nach uathadh urra um Aodh, DDána 119.23 . idir urra is anurraidh `both freemen and wanderers', TD 16.53 . na huaisle ┐ na hurraidhe gentry, TSh. 71 . Attrib. g s. fer iar n-iocc recht (? secht) cumal urraid .i. in deora frecair, Laws v 185 n. c . aire urraid, O Cl. 959 (H 3.18, 413b) `a native noble', Plummer MS. notes. gataide urrada . . . g. deorada, 630 (ib. 364 ).

(b) leader, chief: ríi buiden, cid ara n-eperr side? airindí as n-a.¤ dá buiden nó theora mbuiden, secht cét cacha buidne, Críth G. 457 . bassa hurræ alma, Imr. Brain ii 288.32 (Laud 610 f. 102a) = bá-sa thóisech-sa do almaib, 21 ( LU 1274 ). torcrattar . . . ceithre hurradha gall, Cog. 206.21 . catluan catha ┐ urraidh ┐ airsid ímbualta, BB 490b47 . mac ógh-Mhuire is urra dhún, A. Ó Dálaigh v 4 . má tá tusa . . . / it urradh gliadh, Content. xxvii 11 . go reich urra a n-eadrána `until their defender come', TD 17.16 . ceann urraid soighdiúiridhe . . . Séamus, Párl. na mB. 173 . a bheith na chenn don Presptri ┐ na urruigh mhóir dona chovinentears, Rel. Celt. ii 178.33 .

(c) surety, guarantor (`?because only a native landowner could act as such. Cf. trebaire', Plummer MS. notes): ro gap F. ratha et urradha ar M. im na comhadaibh, TBC-LL¹ p. 461 n.2 . dona hurradhaibh fuair Adamnan na mná do shaoradh . . . Moshacra i.e. that M. was one of the guarantors A. got to secure the freedom of women, Mart. Don. Jan. 8 . iarrois a fiacha ar a urrad (translating debitor), Aisl. Tond. 120 § 2 . ro luaidhedh siothchain . . . gan urradha gan árach, AFM vi 1988.16 . bíaidh agamsa ina earruidh / mac Donnchaidh Í degCealluigh, IGT Decl. ex. 291 . sgéal gan urra unsupported, Aithd. D. 32.27 . urra an sgeóil `the hero of the story', TD 24.19 . bhíos durraigh ar son fhíach, Proverbs xxii 26 (`that are sureties for debts'). ós urra gan bhaoi gan ionamhus inn, Ó Bruad. ii 170.12 . urra an chonnartha is fearr, Hebrews vii 22 . ni abair an biobla amhluidh, no aonurradh, no aonughdaras nach breugach any authority, Luc. Fid. 5864 . uisge is teine mhór / 's urradh badh lór leat (of brewing ale) `materials' (Gloss.), Measgra D. 8.40 .

With FRI (RE): cia as earradh re hionnramh gcáigh? O'R. Poems 1551 . tapoir urra damhsa risna comhadha re geallois a Mheadhbh, ZCP x 277.33 . dá mbeith Dia ag cuma fa cheart / cia bhus urra re h-imtheacht?, DDána 23.1 . mairg as urra re héacht ríogh `it is a grave thing to be responsible for (ordering) a king's exploit,' Aithd. D. 59.1 .

With gen. of vn., used of a person who can effect the action of the vn.: fá tú urra m'anacuil you were the one who could protect me, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 334.3 . urra a ndīona ar Danaruibh, ZCP ii 339.25 . urra ar sásaidh-ne is sé sin, DDána 20.29 . tú urra cobhartha cáigh the certain help of all, 19.15 . níbu hurra deabhtha ad dhál he will be no match for you in contest, O'R. Poems 1818 .

n o, m. Otherwise: an fearann barra (g p. ?) the produce farm , Maguires of F. 92.

(a) In general, top, tip, end : b.¤ .i. críoch, O'Cl. b., críoch, corr, Eg. Gl. 65. pundand . . . ben-de-ind .i. a b.¤ benar de, Corm. Y 1065. for b.¤ cech oen chlúi, IT i 191.17 . for b.¤ na tuinne, LL 14625. for b.¤ slati, PH 131. for b.¤ an tsrotha, BNnÉ 296 n. 4 . ar b.¤ uachtarach na lasrach, TTebe 4142 . ruaíc tucadh do b.¤ in tṡluaigh the front of the host, AU iii 538.24 . sdéad seang ar bharraibh a bróg, DDána 106.10 . i mb.¤ an bhrogha, 71.16 . ? im' imdai . . . conna barreib forōrdae, MacCongl. 119.2 . ar b.¤ na cathrach `housetops', Stair Erc. 1872. bíbh (sic) a bárr so er bechbrethaibh `let [me see] any one improve upon . . .', O'Gr. Cat. 110.14. fo b.¤ Chenil Luachain `upper end', Ann. Conn. 1390.6 . b.¤ eanbruithi scum, O'Gr. Cat. 252.31. bárr bláthaigi 179.4 . go coilltibh bhairr na tuaithe, AFM vi 2230.2 . Cf. 1 úachtar (b).

(b) Special applications. Of trees, top, branching portion; of plants, tip, flower-head: b.¤ gl. frons -dis, Sg. 113b6 . in bairr thalman gl. intiba, 169b1 . b.¤ edin treetop interlaced with ivy, Thes. ii 294.11 . i mbarraibh cech primhfedhae, Blathm. 256. for barraib crand, Laws iv 188.14 Comm. athgabail cerc . . . mad i mbarr, gat ima bun if they are in a treetop let a withe be tied around its trunk, ii 118.14 Comm. in comad ro sia a b.¤ (of a felled tree), iii 226.11 Comm. b. blaithe . . . foríti ina mbech, Laws ii 120.x (but see Bechbretha 190 ). íar mb.¤ ḟedo, Imr. Brain 42. tri .xx crand / comraic nad chomraic a mb.¤ their branches almost touch (?), LU 3703 ( SCC 33 ). cromm barr cráeb, LL 12851. b.¤ sobarche, LU 10846. do b.¤ in feoir, CF 73.10 . no-thescatís barru na crand, PH 4620. b.¤ an luis, DDána 71.19 . b.¤ dés, IGT Decl. ex. 1089.

In phr. bun b.¤ = lock, stock and barrel, completely: ro tesc in ṅgabail . . . d'óenbéim bun b.¤ trunk and branch, TBC-LL¹ 746. ic atód tenedh ┐ do cuired in omna . . . bun b.¤ fair, IT iii 195 § 33. Cf. bretha bairr bunaid, Laws iv 166.x. dilsigthir barr bunaid a ttorad in cethramad bliadain, 168.3 . See 1 bun.

(c) Of the extremities of the body: b.¤ na teangadh, Cóir Anm. 279. Cf. TTebe 1863 . b.¤ a da slindén. TBC-LL¹ p. 615 n.6 . doghabh an rioghan ar b.¤ láimhe, Ériu v 184.370 . Cf. Dán Dé xv 32 . b.¤ na mér (collect. ?), Studies 1924, 243 § 15 . b.¤ na sróna, IGT Decl. ex. 1389. b.¤ fiadha an antler tip, Celtica ii 32 § 3 . b.¤ búabaill, see s.v. búaball.

(d) head of hair: do b.¤ cass, IT iii 16 § 41. barr buide for-dut-tá 'the yellow head of hair which is upon you', Echtrae Chonnlai 121 § 5 . b.¤ (.i. gruag), ZCP iii 378.18 (B. na f.). as caomh ┐ as find an b.¤ fil for L. . . . bidh é a ainm óniu amach, Findbarr, BNnÉ 12 § 9 . an b.¤ bachalldacht, Ir. Review 1912, 471 § 1 .

(e) helmet, tiara, diadem: saraballa i.e. tyara uel b.¤ , Thes. i 2.11 . b.¤ gl. tiaras, Sg. 70a20 . b.¤ gl. pellium (i.e. pilleum), 95a6 . b.¤ gl. cassis, 67b6 . casuss (leg. cassis) [.i.] b.¤ , Laws i 32.20 Comm. b.¤ bís am cenn in rígh gl. eobarr, Ériu ii 4 n.49 . an ingin . . . ┐ b.¤ ōrda for a mullach, ZCP iii 459.22 . tathuigid in mb.¤ . . . .i. mionn n-oir bis for cionn ind rig, RC x 218 § 8 . See cathbarr.

(f) crop, produce: See Wagner, Ériu xx 180. buide beus b.¤ Feimin `Feimen's crop', Lament 13 . gort geal nach bí fá bh.¤ , Aithd. D. 62.5 . b.¤ dreasa durrthoigh, IGT Decl. ex. 1210. ní fhuair b.¤ ón deachmhaidh dhíbh `he found no fruit on a tenth of them' (of vines), PBocht 7.16 . b.¤ cnó . . . / ar choll, O'R. Poems 161. ar bharraibh aipche ┐ anaipche an tíre, AFM vi 2186.x . a mbairr ┐ a nguirt do mhilleadh, iv 856.2 . ? bretha bairr ┐ maigne, Laws iv 188.8 (`judgments concerning tree-top and field'). beich thetechta (sic leg. cf. 180.16 ) gaibte b.¤ nemid swarms that settle on the crop of a n. (?), 184.z .i. gabait i mb.¤ craind uasalneimidh, 186.30 Comm. Fig. ar [an] gcrábhadh do bhiadh b.¤ , DDána 3.5.

(g) Gramm. enclitic (demonstr. or emph. pron.): fearsoin, fearsin, lochdach gach b.¤ dhíobh, óir ní cóir b.¤ gan shunnradh (i.e. the demonstrative suffix may not be used without the article), IGT Introd. 7.26 . ag oireamhuin don fhocal bhíos roimhe bhíos an b.¤ madh cáol no leathan é, mar atá an fearúd . . ., mac an fhiriúd, 32 § 149. réd neamhshubsdainteach an b.¤ , ibid. ní cháoluigheann focal le b.¤ ar bioth achd le b. innsgne an emphasizing pronoun , § 150 . ón Tadhgsa . . . an b.¤ iomchras an sunnradhsin it is the enclitic that takes that defining element, § 15.

(h) Fig. top, climax, end; crown, supremacy, preeminence, transcendence: benait . . . / b.¤ find for slúag enair bring to a triumphant end, Fél. Jan. 31. Andreas . . . / dobeir b.¤ . . . / Nouimbir for slúagu, Nov. 30. na trí bairr for Érind .i. b.¤ dés ┐ b.¤ scoth ┐ b.¤ measa `the best of corn crops (?)' (Gloss.), BDD² 609 f. ishe thall a mb.¤ / do choic coicedaib hEirenn deprived of their supremacy, Rawl. 163b3 . ar bháidh is ar bh. ceiníl, MS. Mat. 565.40 . a mb.¤ . . . / tarla ag Róis ó ráonsgolaibh `R. was given the palm', O'R. Poems 221. gan b. ionnta acht ar áirmheas `have no other point of superiority', Content. vi 50. ní bhiadh b.¤ againn san ccéim-se ar na beathadhachoibh allta superiority , Desid. 1550. bárr óm dhuinese ag duine ní thárla none ever bore off the palm from, Hackett xl 115 . le b.¤ luais `by surpassing speed', Ir. Review 1913, 625 § 21 . le bárr neirt, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 352.12 . ba b.¤ aithméla a crowning cause of regret, Caithr. Thoirdh. 27.35 . le b.¤ gaoise `excessive wisdom', Content. xvi 98.

With beirid, do-beir: is tusa féin bheir b.¤ seirbe orra uile who exceeds them in discordance, SG 287.22 . go rugadar bárr ainbhfeasa ar gach droing d'eiricibh, Eochairsg. 1.17 . nach béarthaoi a b.¤ ar theagh that she might not be surpassed in the matter of (her) house, Content. xxviii 48. go bhfuil ní éigin sna daoinibh eili tré mbeirid ar mb.¤ , Desid. 2055. nocha ttainicc roimpe dia cineadh aoinbhen rug b.¤ a maithessa, AFM iii 580.12 . b.¤ Néill do thabhairt d'Fhéidhlim `putting F. above N.', Content. vi 246.

(i) Of an individual, one who is preeminent, chief, leader : in [b. buadhach] Benéan, Leb. Cert. 112.12 . Patraic b.¤ Breg, LL 15538. Brighid Bhreagh [as] bh.¤ na n-ógh , DDána 42.46 . b.¤ na n-uile `the Lord of the world', Aithd. D. 75.6 . aon bh.¤ áigh cloinne D., AFM vi 2240.1 . ní fríth . . ./ a bh.¤ do chéile comhluinn his superior, Content. xiv 25.

(j) more (than, AR); excess, overplus, addition: iarr féin b. air sin more than that, O'D. 714 (H. 3.17, 522) (scribal note). Cf. cuir b.¤ air seo, O'Gr. Cat. 111.31 . b.¤ ar sheachtmhoghat bliadhan more than 70 years, MS. Mat. 568.6 . fiche bliadhain is bárr re chois, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 342.21 . bárr daoine `excess of numbers', ITS i 154.12 . b.¤ uaidh ar a heolchuire it increased her grief, DDána 20.41 . an b.¤ freagra fuarobhair the additional answer, Content. viii 11. gá fios an bhfuil b.¤ aimsire agad? more time, Mac Aingil 927 . gach ní do mheasfadh do dhul a mb.¤ glóire . . . dhō, Parrth. Anma 3646. mile se cheud ┐ b.¤ tar ceithre bliadhna deg more than 1,614 years, Luc. Fid. 5494. Attrib. g s. na connsuine bhairr sin those additional consonants (in rhyming group), IGT Introd. § 27. se céd décc is bliadhain bhairr, AFM vi 2236.8 . buannadha buna ┐ bairr, v 1686. 3 .

do b.¤

(i) in addition: mo mallacht ┐ mallacht Dia do bárr, O'Gr. Cat. 123.2. ní théid soil . . . do bh.¤ a ccomhardadh ar bioth an additional `s', IGT Introd. § 24. fuilngeann an connsuine bog connsuine chrúaidhe ┐ theanna ┐ édtroma mar áon ris do bh.¤ san chomhardadh a mbí, § 25. cuirim an connsuin[i]si do bh.¤ , § 28. díomas do bh.¤ cean im chionn as well as (other) sins, DDána 44.7 .

(ii) In RSClára, for the purpose of: do bh.¤ dherbhtha ┐ ghlaine na Sethar ( = `for the more surety and purity of the Sisters'), RSClára 93a . do bh.¤ daing- nighthe do rinnes proifesion air sin ( = `for more security'), 40a .

With follg. AR as well as : do bh.¤ ar gach ní dá ndubhramair, TSh. 3266. do bh.¤ ar bhuain na habhla, DDána 6.8 .

? ce ni lomardais tre b.¤ mo da no dim chinn, Blathm. 94 § 17 (` in addition '), but see Ev.Inf. (GTh) 465 n. 28 .

For phr. feras b.¤ see feras.

Compds.

(a) With nouns and vnn. ná measadh sí gur barrabhaois . . . ár gcúis exceeding folly, Ó Bruad. iii 226.9 . fá bháirr-chíos gé bhíodar excessive tax, Keat. Poems 926. guth ar barr-crith trembling, BNnÉ 152 xx 4 . barr-ḟéile (: fand-éirge) exceeding generosity, Metr. Dinds. iii 110.12 . do balcbuain barrghabháil `a mighty reaping', Blathm. 372. airinig creduma impe co mbarridaib argit `top-rings', Ériu iv 30 § 21 (cf. stiallaib, LU 10124 ). an bairrísli do bhí a coill, IGT Decl. ex. 172. ní fál gan bharrshlait síol S. `top-rail', O'Hara 1051. a dam ar mbéin barrthuisligh tripped (?), IGT Decl. ex. 419.

(b) With adjj. do buar Banba barraidble mighty, towering B., LL 27558. di ṡlúag Berba barr-bricce `dappled', Metr. Dinds. iii 172.72 . re chéibh mbarrchlaoin waving, DDána 105.23 . fo cosma ilius na clethi . . . isi bund-remar barr-cael tapering, Laws v 28.7 Comm. tiara uerticale .i. barrchrumbac (barchrumbac, MS.) Thes. i 1.7 . an tAos-óg aibhriosg, bháirreudtrom thoughtless, Donlevy xviii 24. Connachtaigh na gcorn mbairrfhiar with curving edge, DDána 105.27 . ar maccan brigach barrfind, Thes. ii 291 § 6. ri betha barrglais, SR 1033. dod chéibh bharrúrthais `soft fresh hair', Aithd. D. 41.21 . don Banba barrbilig, Ériu iv 104 § 49 (blattbilig, v.l.). eilte . . . barrachluasacha point-eared, ITS i 16.27 .

With verb. ¤lasaid: bántor noco mbarrlass `blazes to the summit', Studies 1920, 418.10 .

n m. (? Engl. loanword, Fr. acc. to Risk p. 637). Also bin(n)se. beindsi, béinse (tuighedh), IGT Decl. § 2. bench, table; the Judicial Bench: bensi ordaide ar a mbelaib, Aisl. Tond. 113.27 . bró bhord ┐ bró bheinsi / is mó is ord san Éirinnsi, IGT Decl. ex. 34. ga cend beinnsi dar benadh / gerr ón deilbhsi a dúaithniugad, 35 . beinnsi ógh ar bhur n-agaid / . . . (da-rinnedh sin ón beinsi ban), 36 . do suided búird ┐ binnseda na cathrach `boards and benches', SG 268.18 . do Iustis beinnsi an righ `King's Bench', AFM vi 2036.10 . do eirghigh an mhánla ar bharr a' bhinnse (bheínse, bhínse, v.ll.), ZCP v 226.855 (Midn. Court). alt dár séan an binnse (: ḟill-se) bláth `this brilliant Bench hath been our welfare's hinge' (in securing justice to us), Ó Bruad. ii 276.16 . a ghairm ar bínse `his fame on the bench' (i.e. as magistrate ?), O'Rah. 198.12. béinsi ṡlegh bank of spears, IGT Decl. ex. 33.