v (*in-com-icc). Indic. pres. 3 s. adcumaing, Ml. 19c11 . atchomaing, 24c16 (with inf. pron.). ad-comaicc, BDD² 1475 . See GOI p. 354 . Prot. -ecmaic, -ecmaing, used in Mid. Ir. in absolute position in sense (b) below. ?Pass. ecmaiṅger, Ériu vii 6.21 = -ecmongar, 199.7 (in sense of con-icc?). ? Impf. 3 s. adcoimced, LU 7993 ( = ad-comaicc, BDD² 1528 ). adcoimged, O'Mulc. 578 ( = adcomced, Rawl. 108b 37 ). Subj. pres. 3 s. -ecm(a)i, -ecma, Wb. 5b35 , Ml. 15d5 , LU 5855 . Later adchomga, Ériu vii 168.8 . -ecmonga, ii 122 § 62 . pret. and perf. are not distinguished, the most usual form being the 3 s. ad-comnaicc with inf. pron. as verb of existence (see (b) below). Apart from this construction special pret. forms occur mainly in the sense strikes , which is not found in the vn. ecmong (see (a) below). In the other meanings the pres. is frequently used as a historic tense (cf. Études Celt. iii 232 ). pret. 3 s. ad-comnaicc ( happened ), BDD² 1478 (see note.) With depon. inflexion adh-comnaccair, 1477 . adcæmnacair, TBC-I¹ 2248 . ? ecomnechair, ZCP viii 307.25 . As s-pret. 1 s. atacomcussa, LU 9388 . 1 pl. adcomchaissem, Ériu ii 122 § 62 . -ecmaingsem, Fél. Ep. 7 ( -ecmaicsim, O'Dav. 775 ). 3 pl. adcomcisset, Wb. 4d13 . adcoimcaiset, Trip.² 1648 . at comgaisit , O'Curry 2022 ( H 4.22, 49 ).

Vn. ecmong.

There are two meanings, (a) strikes (trans.), (b) happens . As prot. -ecmaic -ecmaing and vn. ecmong are found only in sense (b), and the s-pret. (found in O. Ir. glosses) only in sense (a) there may have been two distinct compound verbs. See, however, MU² 1049 and Ériu v 242.153 cited below under (a). But sense (b) could have arisen from sense (a), where, on the other hand, a compd. of icc could have been influenced by or conflated with boingid or a compd. thereof. Treated as one vb. by Pedersen Vgl. Gr. (ii 555) and Thurn. ( GOI 354 ).

(a) strikes, cuts: adcomcisset ilbéim friss, Wb. 4d13 . atchomaing friagitofil `he struck it against A.,' Ml. 24c16 . roáil .i. adcumaing gl. inimicorum ora pulsavit, 19c10 , 11 . adcoimcaiset crandú fri scíathu, Trip.² 1648 . atascomaing for oenchlaich he slew them on the same stone, SR 5320 . atacomoṅg dooenbeim, 6920 . díbaircid dí conda-ecmaic, MU² 1049 . manid in Leuidan . . . ad-comaicc a erball do thochur in beatha, BDD² 502 . adcomaing cach fer dīb biur n-indamsa, adcomchusa a mbiursa (leg. mo biur-sa?) tria cechtarde seom, TBC-I¹ 2825 . is and atcomaic ruadan in dub themrach (.i. cloc) isin tellach, LB 260b29 = adcomaing, YBL 136a27 . co necmaing a ceand dia suidiu `shore his head from off him', Ériu v 242.153 (to be referred to (b)?).

(b) happens, chances (frequ. in O. Ir. glosses in subjunct. with neg. glossing Lat. nē: coníecmi nádnairchissa gl. ne forte nec tibi parcat, Wb. 5b35 . Ml. 15d5 , 121c13 , 122b5 . KZ xxix 372 . nad n-ecma nad benur do chend dít, LU 5855 (TBC.2 1384). mad dia n-ecma nach ceallach if any dissension arises, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, 92 § 17 . tar crich aranecmai a saíd bre ca[i]ch on which somebody's property happens to be(?), Laws i 78.18 . ad-comnaiccc (sic) corthi cloiche foa chosaib Meic C. there happened to be, BDD² 1478 . ad-cumaing an abhann ina tuinn amail robhaoi riamh, Ériu xiii 13.6 . co n-ecmaing a tul immon n-all so that his forehead struck against the cliff, LU 8934 . ecmaic aroli fer chucca, PH 929 . eacmaing Fint dia tofund happened to go hunting them, ZCP viii 105.9 . The form ecmaing, ecmaic it happens (-ed) occurs with various constructions: ecmaing is dó nach terc ní, ZCP vii 269 § 14 . adcumbec bid mairb dia mairt, xiii 376 n. 7 ( iii 462, xx 223 ). ecmaic boí a chlaideb hi farrad Fergusa, LU 5405 ( TBC-I¹ 927 ). ecmaing . . . cocualutur ni, Fél.² cxxviii 22 . ecmaing nocha n-erbert riam, Anecd. ii 69.4 . eacmaing a bhaí ana . . . do breith dolēic, ZCP xiii 172.18 (TBFr.).

With inf. pron. lit. it has happened to x (to be), hence as verb of existence, the whole group usually being tantamount to a personal pron. (see GOI 480 ): cindas persine attotchomnicc what kind of person art thou? Wb. 6b 13 . Setanta mac Sualtaim atomchomnaicse, LU 4892 ( TBC-I¹ 405 ). ardchaerich adobcomnaic-si ye are mighty sheep, Anecd. i 41.25 . na haiti rosnaltadar ┐ na dá Maine ... ┐ ata-comnaicsi fa-deisin and she herself, BDD² 106 . dogairet i[n]na h-uile Érennaig atotchomnaicc are calling thee, Trip.² 258 . ní mó na mod maccáin lee atacaemnaic, TBC-LL¹ 1632 (in dar le ni mo ina meid mic bhic boi ann, St.) ?atamchomnaic dirgitetaid mo Crist cumachtaig, LU 1152 (ACC). di glain gil atacomnaicc it is (made) of clear crystal, 2039 ( FA 11 ). atacaemhnacair osse . . . merdána, CCath. 347 v.l. laoch amra . . . Art C. atacomhnaic to wit, Hugh Roe 14.12 . In colophon: finit Dubaltach Firbisigh adomcomhnvic, Goid. 79 . Note also: atacomnaic mac laiside .i. Néde, RC xxvi 8.4 . i ndomnach adcoemnaccair Día in sássad nemda .i. in maind, Ériu ii 198.12 (cf. do-indnaig).

v earlier ar-osailci (see GOI 525 , Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 563 ). In O. Ir. glosses Lat. pandere, aperire, reserare and also intrans. patere (see note on Ml. 110a5 and cf. use of inf. reflex. pron. in Sg. 147a2 , Ml. 36b8 etc.). Indic. pres. 3 s. arṅdaosailci gl. patere, Sg. 147a2 . 1 pl. arosailcem (appar. suggested by aperuit, Psalms lxxvii 23 ), Ml. 98a4 . 3 pl. ardaosailcet gl. aperientibus, 46a11 . Pass. sg. arosailcther gl. aperitur, Ml. 14c15 , 19 ; gl. reseratur, 27b3 . Ipv. 3 s. ersoilced gl. pateat, Ml. 127a20 . Subj. pres. 3 s. aranosailcea gl. reserare, Ml. 24d19 ; patere, 36b8 ; pandere, 42b12 . 3 pl. aranosailcet, 42b11 . arndaersoilcet gl. aperientibus, 46a12 . Pass. pl. aranosailcter gl. reserrari, Ml. 131c2 . Subj. impf. 3 s. co arosailced gl. ut pateret, Ml. 39c19 , 110a5 . Fut. 1 s. arosulcubsa gl. reserabo, Ml. 37d21 . 3 s. -ersoilcfea gl. patebit, 107d11 . Condit. pass. sg. -ersoilcfithe gl. portae H. quae credebamini in aeternum clausae, Ml. 46a14 . Pass. pl. -ersoilcfitis, 46a19 . Pret. 3 pl. -airsoilcset (airsoilset , MS) .i. inna ginu gl. ora concludit quae nunquam veritati . . . patuerunt, Ml. 31b9 .

Later as simple verb airoslaicid. See also oslaicid. IGT Verbs § 50 , § 65 .

Vn. airslocud. Part. airslaicthe.

(a) opens. Trans. arosailcem ar n-ítige riam we open our granaries before him, Ml. 98a4 . cach fermac arosloice broind a mathar, Laws iii 38.8 . asoslaic Balám a gin, SR 4801 (conflation of ar-oslaici and as-oilgi?). aroslaicfiter senistri nime remib, Ériu ii 196 § 12 (arosluicfidir, eroslaicfithir, uroslaicfider, arosailcfithir, MSS). glas. . . nāchunursloicce nac[h] dúi `which no ignorant person can open', Fianaig. 14 § 34 . erslaicc feinistri do trocaire, Grail 2380 . eroslaic do doirrsi, PH 3889 . r o-ersluicc [an Coimde?] an talamh uaistibh, BNnÉ 318 § 10 . ro eroslaicti a roisc dó his eyes were opened, Trip.² 93 , Lism. L. 60 . Intrans. (the first two exx. quoted could also be pass.): batar da liaic hi T. . . . inti arfoemtis arosilctis fris, Ériu vi 134.24 . ni airslaictis riam na da liaic, 28 . co n-airsolg in loc hi mbōi corp Petair apstail, ii 192 § 1 (rofoslaic, conaurslaic, condursoilg, co ro-oslaic , MSS). co n-iadand ┐ co n-erslaicend ria cech n-oen, PH 1925 .

(b) reveals, discloses: arosailcther hires tre degním gl. ad fidem aditus aperitur, Ml. 14c15 . fordhorcha anisiu uili . . . conid erslaic in Tenga Bithnua, Ériu ii 98 § 3 .

(c) Various: anocht rohirslaicedh a irlabra dho speech was restored to him, Anecd. ii 3 § 4 . ite na hochra aroslaicet na rudartha resolve(?), O'Curry 2471 - 2472 ( Eg. 88, 38(39)b ). Cf. eochrai ar-da-fuaslaicet, O'Curry 422 (H 3.18, 23a). aroslaicet toidli teined assa mbelaib they emit, Ériu ii 130 § 103 .

n (1 banda?) expld. as women's property etc.: (?) im cach mbandte .i. im cach techtughadh mbanda .i. im cach ni dlegait na mna, Laws i 126.12 and 144.18 Comm. perh. to 1 banda. inlongad bandtaig banc[h]ora / a coibne co(i)r comarda `women's lands sustain women's contracts', Stud. in E. Ir. Law 135 § 9 (transl. based on baintaid .i. banfinntiu, v.l.). ? dá liach deit a n-éc/ . . . / t'athair is do mathair / ar do bhanthaig brón, LL 18526 (`a grief to thy bright house', PRIA xix 1893, 546 § 11 ; ` womanhouse, nursery (?),' Gloss.).

n o, m. g s. beoil, Sg. 14a16 . n p. beóil, Wb. 7d9 . a p. beolu, Wb. 3b11 , beula (gl. ora ), Ml. 19c9 . beulu, 35d22 . belu, Thes. ii 251. 16 . d p. bélib, Wb. 7d10 . b.¤ m., IGT Decl. § 61.

I

(a) In some exx. explicitly lip , in pl. lips, but here usually mouth: don b.¤ gl. labio, Ir. Gl. 107. Gild. Lor. 139 § 40. tri beulu dlútai gl. fixis labris (17), Sg. 6a18 . ni radi ní trí thalmaidchi, amal dundchuirethar inna beulu as it rises to his lips (`as he takes it into his lips'), Ml. 35d22 . anasberaid hó bélib `what ye utter with (your) lips', Wb. 7d10 . anasbérat mo beiúil, 12d12 . (of a hag) tacmaicced a b.¤ íchtarach coa glún, LU 6828 (BDD). i socraidi labrait biuil (: Iúil), 3875 ( SCC 38 ). niamdai a beóil partardeirg (partuingdeirg, v.l.) her crimson lips, IT i 69.8 . ( LMU 4 ). co ṅditned a srona ┐ a beolu `so that it protected his nostrils and his lips' (but perh. transl. nose . . . mouth), CCath. 5265. folcuit a n-aighti uile lena mbélaib úachtair upper lips, Maund. 176. beoil lethna thick lips, Marco P. 187. cúiseach bind asa bēalaibh `sweet piping from her lips', Ériu iv 174.15 . maille siabhradh beóil ( = labium . . . pervertatur), 23 K 42 , 54.14 . do scoltad an croimbeoil ┐ in béil iocht[a]ir of chapping of the upper and lower lip, O'Gr. Cat. 191.z . baile .i. maith . . . digbail dubha baile bel .i. is maith í o belaib no i mbel `from lips or in mouth', O'Dav. 224. (in application of an incantation) imbir in da mér . . . it bélaib, Thes. ii 249.11 . doberar in salann i mbelu `the salt is put into the mouth', 251.16 . asoilgg a bēolu . . . combo ecna a [g]inchrāes, TBC-I¹ 396. (of a witch) a beóil for leith a cind her mouth in the side of her head, BDD² 540 . gebid dano cenn in tarra ina béolu, Sc.M² 17.6 . do-lleblaing int éicne ara chend, ┐ gabsus inna béulu took it in its mouth, TBFr. 209. an tan immoro no berid an leg laun ina beolu `when he used to put the ladle full into his mouth', RC xii 86 § 91. nicon acca beolu eich / amal beolu ín liathainigh, IT iii 68.2 . inbat budig do bēoil do shainól ┐ do shainait, MacCongl. 77.4 . secht traigid eter a ó ┐ a beolo . . . ┐ secht n-artim inna bélaib, Ériu iv 26.9 , 10 . acht nad neibre dod belaib nama `although thou hast not said so by word of mouth', Laws iv 108.1 Comm. cuit mo b.¤ (term of endearment), LL 18576.

(b) mouth in sg.: sróin súil b.¤ , Ardm. 434a marg. (220va). i cinaid do laime, do sula, do thengad, do beil, Laws i 156.32 . issin ṁb. tacras sin in the mouth that asserts that, MU² 369. laech . . . belmar . . ., meit a beil beolu eich, TBC-LL¹ 5400 n.4 . fuil rochuiread tara bel ┐ dara sroin, TTebe 2414 . beiris i n-a bheōl . . . ar lampa airgit seized a silver lamp in its mouth, Fl. Earls 138.1 . Note also: na beula gl. ora , the mouths (?), Ml. 19c9 . Fig. gá tarbha an béal do bheith lais / 's an intinn in-a éagmhais, Dán Dé xxii 20 . an b.¤ dúnta as eadh budh ḟearr better be silent, IGT Decl. ex. 1285. Prov. is binn beál ó bheith iadhta, Dánfhocail 55 . By metonymy person : cerd cach ṁb. .i. eladu cech duni do ḟoglaim ar dáig forcitail caich (`art for every mouth', RC xxvi 22 § 62 ), LL 24410. crochadh ar bh.¤ na bréige! `perdition (lit. a hanging) to him who tells the lie' (Gloss.), LBranach 1072 . b.¤ na psalm (nickname of St. Fintan), Mart. Don. Mar. 27. Grigoir Béil óir `Gregory the golden-mouthed', BNnÉ 172 § 16 .

(c) In phrases: derg-mír i mbélaib lit. red (raw) morsel in (the) mouth apparently of property illegally acquired or attached: atait tri deirg-mireanda naidet usa a mbelaib cacha hecalsa (glossed: is indligthech do'n eclais a ngabail cuichi o belaib, 432.3 Comm. ), Laws v 430.22. at-ballat, ¤bailet (a) béoil with poss. or foll. subj. gen., see at-bail(l): co n-aplat a beoil i mmbron (leg. mbrōn ?) ┐ toirrsi `they perish', Ériu ii 114 § 38. Note also: bás fort béolu, Fing. R. 72 `death on your head!' RC xiii 378.11 .

(d) Of the mouth as the source of speech: iss ed bói i mbēlaib cáich this was the common talk, ZCP viii 317.26 . go rabhadar na lán béil ┐ buanteanga ag gach aon that they were a continual subject of conversation to everyone, RC xiv 28 § 6. lán beóil don ríoghfhuil Bhranoigh, LBranach 3581 . budh lán beoil an Brianachsoin, Studies 1925, 253 § 6 .

By extension word(s) ; subject of talk : fer na ropeccaig o bel na o gnim `in word or deed', Ériu v 20.2 . idna beoil integrity of speech, LL 3901. roiarfaided o Fiachroig Muillethan . . . dia belaib his advice was asked by F., ZCP xiv 156.14 . gurab mó do theagascdaois . . . ó theagasc beoil ioná ó scríbhinn by traditional instruction, Keat. ii 976. (explanation of the name of Eogan B.) b.¤ cach tuaithi ina thimchell `the mouth [i.e. the acclamation] of every country round about', SG 64.z . b.¤ cach flatha ina lenub / ar ó Fiachrach foltlebur, 65.2 . In phr. breth a b.¤ féin self-judgment, -doom: atetha breth do b.¤ (sic leg.) féin duit, RC xiv 430.8 . co tucsat Gaill breth a beoil fein d'O Neill, AU ii 270.8 . In adv. phrase ó óen-b.¤ unanimously: o aen bel, PH 7233. dh'aoinbheul, Luc. Fid. 2856. Legal. cor b.¤ , see 1 cor 12.

II Applied to various things resembling lips or mouth .

(a) edge, rim ; mouth of cavity, orifice, opening : b.¤ gaili, a mbél an gaile ( = orificium stomachi), RSláinte 3698. do fínégra ar b.¤ an gaile `on the pit of the stomach', O'Gr. Cat. 193.25 . b.¤ cridi (used as term of endearment): a bél mo chraidi, ACL iii 243 § 24. edge, opening of wounds: bador beoil na ccneth ag claoi a cheile, ZCP x 292.9 . a lomma cro ic teprisin dar belaib na n-alad batar fair, Grail 685 . rucc b.¤ na cneidhe chum a chéile ┐ ticc sele fuirre, ITS xvi 42.13 . Other applications: co fil āit a beōil isin c[h]loich fóss ann `the mark of its rim (i.e. of a bell) is still there in the stone', BColm. 64.9 . sileadh deór rúadh ar ruisgne / mur uisge a beól (mbéol v.l.) úar eisci like water out of a vessel (?), IGT Decl. ex. 1081. mé is b.¤ na cróine ar mo chind, ex. 81 . lase foruillecta beóil in chalich di mil, Wb. 7d9 . īadais indala sūil . . . asoilg alaile comba mor bēolu fidchōich as large as the orifice of a wooden bowl (?), TBC-I¹ 395. b.¤ dabcha ele 'na b.-si anúas (of one vat turned over another), BColm. 72.6 . (of a bag for chess-men) a ferbolc, is amra sceúil / de ór imdernta a beúil opening (`rim'), Fianaig. 14.22 . go bhfuilti claoidthe . . . a mbeul an tsaic (of opponents silenced in controversy), Luc. Fid. 4127. béil a ngunnadh `the muzzles of their guns', Rel. Celt. ii 194.11 . (of prongs of pincers) do briseadh teanncuir an ghobhann, ┐ an t-īarann dearg 'na beal `with the red-hot iron in its jaws', ZCP ii 562.30 . beola crot ┐ bolg ┐ buinne `mouths of harps and bags and pipes', RC xii 108 § 163. the eye of the upper millstone (Studies on Early Ireland 16 ) : iss e sin doberimsi a mbel in muilinn si, RC xiv 52 § 62. upper of shoe: bróg tar teach do teilgeadh leam . . . nar bhean tall a b.¤ fa a bonn `a shoe whose upper was detached from its sole was thrown at me' (Notes), Bard. Synt. Tr. 2.z.

(b) Further extended applications: mén mara .i. bel na mara, O'Cl. ( mēn .i. bēl, Corm. Y 948 ). fri beolu mara, Trip.² 1581 ( = in sinu maris, Lat. Lives 33 § 25 ). dá thraigid .x. lethet a b.¤ the width of its opening (an earthwork), Críth G. 571. (of Tara) deis fri Banba, b.¤ fri Bóin `her front towards the Boyne', Ériu iv 92 § 3. tir cen beula without entry, Corm. Y 674 ( Corm. 22 ). tir cin toin cin beolu bis itir da ferunn cin conair `ingress', Laws iv 158.14 Comm. cuiris comla dar a b.¤ (a well), Metr. Dinds. iii 326.19 . triall istech tar beolu na hecuilsi `threshold of the church', Marco P. 173. léigthear suas beoil na bruighne `portcullis', Aithd. D. 3.19 . siar go b.¤ na sráide `the entrance of the street', AFM ii 900.2. Of gunwale of a ship: chuir iad am beòil mhòr re chèile, SGS xviii 107.1 .

III In phrases with prepp.

(a) prepositional. With A: crithre sin a beól (mb. v.l.) bhruithne sparks from boiling heat (?), IGT Decl. ex. 1296.

With AR (FOR): huare romboi ar belaib tempuil `in front of the Temple', Ml. 48d8 . ar beolu diabuil `before the Devil', Wb. 3b11 . gontai Cūchulaind, co tabrad a marb ara (ar, LU) bēolu a brāthar, TBC-I¹ 1637. ar belaib ind ríg ( = in conspectu regis), Lat. Lives 10.8 . arbelaib (.i. a fiadnaise) fer nErenn, ACL iii 14 § 31. finta cia as toisech fodla ┐ ar a ndentar bélaib `before whom it is made', RC xiii 446 § 26. cathair . . . for bel ḟasaigh dhimhoir `at the edge of a great desert', Marco P. 20. dán bog ar bh.¤ na slighiodh `on the open road', Studies 1918, 617 § 5 .

Freq. of replacing in kingship, headship, etc. one who had the normal claim, before, in preference to, in place of : rogab F. righe ara belaib, RC xvii 233.32 (Tig.). gabais C. flaith ar belaib a athar, Ériu iii 142.4 . an crioch do ghabail for a belaibh `to snatch . . . the country away from him', Leb. Gab.(i) 226.5 . mar tugadh ceannas na slógh / ar bhéal Éibhir d'Éireamhón `to Ê. rather than to Ê.', Content. xvi 33. With verbs of coming, etc. do-tét indḟine ar beolu de(i)rbḟine `the ` indḟine' comes in front of (i.e. is preferred to) the `derbḟine', Ériu xvii 64 § 3 ( Laws iv 206.7 ). D. . . . do beith ag dol ar bélaibh a athar `attempted to depose', AFM vi 1891.1 . an tánaiste do theacht ar beulaibh mic tighearna an fhuinn `that the tanist takes precedence of', Keat. i 66.6 . dul fora mbelaibhsiomh `to anticipate them', Hugh Roe² 172.2 .

With FRI (RE) before, at, close to; on the point of : fri beolu báis on the point of death, Fél. 74.19 . cen bith ria mbeolu oc airiuc thuili dóib not to be close to them, Fing. R. 432. ag so anois an bás rem bhéal close to me, Dánta Gr. 63.15 . re béal a theachta don toigh `before its reception' (of the Blessed Eucharist), Dán Dé xviii 2 . cosg fiabhrasa re b.¤ mbáis, Studies 1919, 613 § 12 .

With I N- i mbeolu, i mbeól, i mb.¤ before : in bo boi 'na beola sin `that was in front of her', Dinds. 142.10 . a mbeol an dunaidh `in front of the fort', BNnÉ 187 § 27 . do-chífe bárc a mbeól chúain `in the harbour's mouth', Ériu ix 168 § 46. towards, to : do-bhir im béal teachtaire `He sends a messenger to fetch me', Aithd. D. 83.3 . sgath dealg 'na beol muna bheath `had not the thorn-points been in the way', 95.20 . over, across : seolais iarsin Brenainn . . . i mbéolu (a mbhél, v.l. , = for beluibh, Lism. L. 3590 ) in aiccéin iongantaigh, BNnÉ 97 § 5. Note also: ro herbad da oclach lais da chur i mbeolu na tuinne to cast it (an infant) upon the sea (?), LL 14623 ( ZCP xii 273.17 ). do chur a mb.¤ mara ┐ mor-fhairrge set adrift on the open sea, KMMisc. 313.13 . a mbēl na h-oibre at the beginning, ML² 1.15 . i mbeol airechtais at the very beginning of sovereignty (?), Ann. Conn. 1410.2 . ni ḟuil amuigh gidh seól síth / crích nach fuil a mbeól a bláith, IGT Decl. ex. 992 . i mbéal a tharbha do thoigheacht, Aithd. D. 25.4 .

With TAR: tar béolu out of : adre amach dar beolu in duin, Marco P. 23.

(b) Adverbial. With FOR (always with possessive) on the face, face downwards : for a mbeulu gl. prone, Ml. 131b6 . tairniud form béolu bend face downwards, LL 36766 = Goid. 180.10 = Fél.² cv 8. an corp bis ina rogad ar in talmain for a beolu, RC xv 491 § 31. tolduid iarum taurtaim fair fora beolu `a trance fell upon him, as he lay on his face', Mon. Tall. 155.15 . (of a collapsing house) amal ro clóenad a thech conda tarla for a lethbeólu uli, LU 8382 ( FB 25 ). (of a cup) rohimpa iarum Patraic in copan fora beolu upside down (?), Anecd. iii 35.9 . b.¤ ar b.¤ , ó bé(o)l go b.¤ face to face : truagh gan sinne bel ar bel, TTebe xv 7 (scribe's note). (of a bird-decoration) ealta 's a mbeoil béal ar bhéal, Aithd. D. 9.7 . ag labhairt libh beul ar bheul (os ad os, 3 Joh. 14 ), Eochairsg. 15.30 . go labradh se riss ó b.¤ go b.¤ `face to face', ZCP xi 118.2 ( BCC 236 ). meic ollamhan Innsi Fáil / . . . / god choimhreic ó bheól go b.¤ `repeating thee from mouth to mouth' (i.e. the contents of a manuscript Gaelic Miscellany), Studies 1919, 440 § 12 . adeirid o bheol go beul they say so currently, Luc. Fid. 4088.

With IAR N- iar mbélaib (contrasted with iar cúlaib): i ngilfine iar mbelaib, amuil atá athair ┐ mac ┐ ua ┐ iarmua ┐ innua co cuicer; ┐ geilfini iar culaib .i. brathair thathar, ┐ mac co cuicer beos `in the direct line', Laws ii 160.z Comm.

(c) In fig. phrase do-ní a b.¤ re turns to, seeks help from : do-ghén . . . mo bh.¤ ré seabhcaibh Saxan `I will turn my face to', Studies 1924, 242 § 11 .

Note also: muna thí dhíom bas rem béal unless I can keep a guard on my lips, Dán Dé ix 4 . a-tá 'gan chol bas rem béal `raises its hand against me', xxiii 31 . In nn. loc. see Hog. Onom.

Compds. With nouns. ¤braise: feib atféd mo bhélbraisi `eloquence', Leb. Cert.² 164 § 9. ¤deirge: beildeirge redness of lips, Prolegomena 43 § 26 . ¤étan: (of a charioteer) dara béletan mouth and forehead (?), LL 24905. ¤mod manner of speaking (?): caistidh ria bēlmod, ACL iii 307 § 28 ( Measgra Uí Chl. 153 ). ¤proicept traditional teaching, tradition : bēalphroceapta nó teagusg bheōil na n-absttal, Mac Aingil 5949 . béulphroicheapta asbaltha ┐ eagalsa, Desid. 4942. With vnn. ¤chengal: ar mbélcengal a mbeochréchtadh when their fresh wounds had been sewn up, Caithr. Thoirdh. 124.7 . ¤tuidme: fiacuil .i. fia figo . . . fiacuil didiu bēl-t. fastening for the mouth, O'Mulc. 507.

With adjj. ¤balb: do piastaibh bel-balba `dumb-mouthed', Ériu iii 164 § 20. ¤binn: longphort . . . bíthe bēilbhinn melodious (?), Butler Poems 556 and n. ¤blasta of excellent sound : (of `Gaedelg,' the language) in berla b.¤ bind, LL 17716. B. blaith belblasta well-spoken (of a hand-maid), BB 237a2 . ¤buide yellow-lipped : (of a famine-stricken appearance) ina n-ímágib b.¤ nochtḟiaclacha, LB 154b61 . In n. pr.: Eochaid Bēlbuidi, ZCP viii 274.1 . ¤chamm crooked-mouthed : la hUnchi mbrúachda mb.¤(-mall, v.l.), Metr. Dinds. iii 98.6 . ¤cherr: in senBodb Barchi b.¤ `wry-mouthed', Metr. Dinds. iv 338.20 . ¤chert: mo dhaltán búilid béilchert `right-spoken', SG 190.7 . ¤chorcra crimson, red-lipped : belchorcra banamla detgela, TTebe 730 . ¤chráibhthech hypocritical : Content. vi 270. ¤chumang narrow-mouthed, having a narrow opening, entry : a crocan (leg. corcán ?) belchumang narrow-necked, Lia Fáil iii 122.20 ( 23 P 10 ³, 11b7 ). ar na bernadhaibh bélchumhgaibh, AFM v 164.22 . ¤derg red-lipped, red-mouthed (in good and bad sense): buriud berna Baidbi béldergi, LL 10872 ( = TBC-LL¹ 4024 ). na brithemain bēilderga `red-mouthed brehons' ( = severe in judgement ?), Ériu iii 30 § 7. cáinead in barrchais béilderg `the curly-headed red-lipped fellow', iv 216.20 . F. file m. Oengusa Bēlde[i]rg, ZCP viii 326.1 . ¤dub black-mouthed : comairge b.¤ becenech `a black-mouthed guarantor of small honour', Tec. Corm. § 33.2 . a curaig blaithe belduba `black-prowed', Ériu viii 10.36 . sgéala libh go báirc mbéalduibh `tidings to your black-decked barque', RC xlix 173 § 32. ¤ḟairsi(u)ng wide-mouthed, having a wide entrance : .l. bléide buabaill belḟairsiuṅg, LL 7292. ro cóirged bruidin brotla bélfairsing `wide-doored', Fianaig. 70.31 . ¤ḟota long-lipped : D. b.¤ , LL 354c64 . a mbíala belfhoda `wide-edged', Hugh Roe² 174.24 . ¤ginach: na trī badhbha bēl-ginacha three witches with gaping mouths, ML² 1585. ¤glicc: mo bhreath bheilghlic gan bhine `my skilled oral judgement', Keat. ii 1287. ¤lethan broad-doored : ós bruidin béllethoin, SG 230.24 . ¤lúath hasty of speech : 'ná bheith baoth beul-luath aig teagasg cách, De Imit. 13.24 . ¤maith: C. b.¤ `C. Fair-lips', Metr. Dinds. iii 324.11 . ¤mall slow of speech : la hU. mbruachdha mbelmhall, BB 365b37 . ¤remor thick-lipped, big-mouthed : belremur bolcsuilech, LU 8516 ( FB 37 ). badhbh béil-reamhar, TSh. 6623. ¤ṡalach foul-mouthed : Badb birach belsalach, RC xxiv 52.1 . ¤scaílte wide open; split open ; scattered : i mbrudin bronnḟarsing bélscailti, RC xiv 414 § 28. ina mbuidhnib bega bélsgāilte, Fianaig. 54.4 . (of a cast-up ship) go ndéantar blogha béal-sgaoilte dhi, TSh. 735. ¤tais with soft, moist lips : an chuideachta chuanna bhuadhach bheóltais (of fair women), Hackett xxvi 57 . ¤tana: go mbiailibh blathsnaoighte b.¤ `thin-edged battle-axes', AFM vi 2126.25 . ¤tirim: bérla breganta beoiltirm (spoken) with a dry mouth, O'Gr. Cat. 518.30. ¤trúag: na bid fri baisi ṁbeltrúaig poor-mouthed (?), SR 3890.

See béillic, bélaites, bélscál, bélscálán, bélscáth.

n a d s. and n du. b(e)inn. g s. beinde, O'Curry 1021 cited infra, Binde, Celt. Rev. x 135.7 . Beinne, Binne, Hog. Onom. n p. benna, Críth G. 450. n a p. benna, g p. benn, d p. bennaib, f., DDána Gloss. Note also a s. bend, PH 2792 , IGT Decl. ex. 643. d s. bend (: lenn), K. and H. 10. n du. b.¤ , CCath. 1337. `n. (? later f.),' Críth G. Vocab.

(a) mountain, crag, peak, point; crest, summit: o Shliab Belgadain don B. / ard in b.¤ imarbaigem `lofty is the mountain', Ériu viii 26.7 , 8 . ar binn ós Loch Feabail aird, ZCP viii 223.26 . Liath na trí mb.¤ , Acall. 936. ar bennaibh is ar barrgail on hill- and tree-tops, Anecd. ii 23.23 . beinnini ar gach mb.¤ , BS 80.4 . as súd soir go beinn Bóthair, Oss. iv 20.25 . [in] ceín bess bend ar in bith `for as long as the hills shall stand', Ériu vii 229 § 77. ó bheannaibh Béirre `from the hills of B.', Aithd. D. 11.7 . ar beinn Chliachmhuighi, IGT Introd. 23.25 . (of the edge (?) of an Alpine crevasse) tuitiss sīoss re beinn an ailt, Fl. Earls 86.z . i mbeannaibh sliabh on the mountain tops, TSh. 3491. as ris shamhlaim th'aiscin-si / is ra bend i nnimh star (?), Anecd. ii 25.11 . Fig. of a pre-eminent person: Gobán sáor . . . / b.¤ ar shaoraibh, BNnÉ 241 § 179 .

Transf. of outline of land: da b.¤ cumga do thír `two narrow horns of land', CCath. 1337.

(b) pinnacle, spire; gable; corner, etc. of building, structure, etc. ; ette nó b.¤ múir gl. pinna, Sg. 67a7 . bend a pinna muri , O'Mulc. 136. for béind aird in tempuil . . . = super pinnaculum templi, Matthew iv 5 , PH 4712. Caisel . . . / b.¤ im a téigenn teine, SG 206.9 . ar beinn inna scríne, Trip. 86.10 . ar bind mhór chluigtighe Chluana pinnacle of the round tower, Celt. Rev. x 143.16 . ar chomhairle clog na seacht mbeann, Oss. iv 42.16 . . . . na múrrtha mbeann of the battlemented walls (?), KMMisc. 50.23 . ar beind chloche, ZCP xii 273.24 . in mac . . . co farcbad for beind chroisse i ndorus chille (an abandoned child), LL 36996 = Fél. 242.7 . fer coirthe .i. in fer curthur for beinn croise gan feronn, O'D. 462 (H. 3.17, 357). Laws v 134.17 Comm. mac toc[h]air .i. do binn croisi, O'Curry 399 (H. 3.18, 222b). ingen do cuirthear do cill, i mbulg no for beinn croisse, O'D. 529 (H. 3.17, 428). fágbhais ar beinn croise . . . an mála `on one of the arms of a cross', Keat. iii 2122 . caithir chuanna ceithre mbeann (of a castle), DDána 119.16 . gur thúirrlind Léithin (an eagle) ar bind don lomán `a corner of the rampike' (p. 124), Celt. Rev. x 135.21 . beann do bhúain da thalamh `to take a piece of his land' (Gloss.), O'R. Poems 1627. beinn `a high top, pinnacle ', Eg. Gl. 104. do bhennuibh bhárc `poops of ships', Rel. Celt. ii 228.9 . Hence in plant-name: beand múir (lit. projection on a wall) `houseleek?' (Index), ACL i 335.71 .

(c) wing of an army, fleet: i mbeind cli in catha `in the left wing of the battle', CCath. 5781. do bennaib cath, O'Dav. 1335. tig féin is beann don chabhlach i dtír `a wing of the fleet', Keat. iii 4828.

(d) horn of animal: inna benna duacarbat gl. corn[u]a, Ml. 87b12 . b.¤ gl. cornu, Sg. 63a6 . cornua .i. b.¤ , Thes. ii 46.31 . co mbert a inathar as fora beandaib (a bull), TBC-I¹ 880. for bennuib na mbó, Airne F. 353. dá beind for trí fichtib rend sixty-two points (?) (of stag's antlers), Imr. Brain ii 288.18 . benna na n-aigi, TBC-LL¹ 1342. tucsat didiu a mbenda ┐ a n-dedu docum na scor their (sc. elephants') tusks, ZCP xxx 136.6 (Alex.). (of a whale ?) na blaith ┐ na benna sin, Éigse vi 119 § 16. gell tar benna i.e. a pledge given in respect of impounded cattle: ata, dono, gell tar benna . . . di athgabail iar ndithim, Laws ii 128.29 Comm. ni dlig feichem acht apad cuicti . . . acht geall tar benda . . . dar benda na bó uair is fri logh enech teid(h), O'Curry 519 (H. 3.18, 261b).

b.¤ (búabaill) a (buffalo) horn; hence drinking horn, goblet: atraacht Conchobor ra beind breccṡolais buabaill a speckled and shining buffalo horn, LL 34745. crúaidi . . . / immar bít benna búabaill `hard . . . as a buffalo's horns' (of a hag's teeth), Ériu iv 102 § 45. etrocht bass fo beind buabaill, IT iii 47 § 76. ar ól mb.¤ `quaffing goblets', O'Gr. Cat. 479.13. See also s. búaball.

Of musical instruments b.¤ (búabaill): ro bidhgsat . . . lasin fuaim . . . do ben Ercuil asan mbeinn mbuabuillsidhe `which H. made on that trumpet', Stair Erc. 177. ro hir dom .x. ngrib ingne .x. mbenda (.i. .x. cuirn buabhaill) bonnadharc buabaill blaith, Ériu ii 4.3 . searbhghlaodhach a mbeann mbuabhall `ivory horns', TD 4.32 . píp trí mbeann `the three-droned pipe', Ó Bruad. iii 130.12 .

(e) prong, point (of various forked and pointed objects): gabul ina laim ┐ da beind eisti a two-pointed fork, Ériu v 72.20 . aél co mbennaib braine, LL 38335. for cetheora benna na gabla (in c[h]raind, TBC-I¹ 308 ), LU 4799. trí chét unga óir isin chainde[l]bru, secht mbenna fair forsa mbítis secht sutrulla `seven branches upon which were seven lamps', Celtica iv 32.18 . beanda . . . slegh spearpoints, ZCP xiv 230.2 . seacht cumala go leith lenta locht mara bennaib Baisgne, glossed: .uii. cumala . . . i cinaidh do beinde it armaib a ua Baiscne, O'Curry 1021 (H. 3.18, 431a-b). beann bhrasbhaoghlach thréan nách trom, Measgra D. 14.12 . b.¤ gher do beith agud, ┐ fend lesin mbeinn `have a sharp point and lance (?) it with the point', Celtica ii 46.3 . cen slegha, cen bera cen benna `points' (of a fence), Laws iv 114.9 Comm. ? carbat bo bricci for beind (benn, v.l.), IT iii 81 § 57.

(f) crest, diadem, etc. (of a helmet, head-dress, etc.): buidne bend `crested bands', Hail Brigit 20 . beann oir . . . as gach cathbarr, Anecd. ii 77 § 3. pn In epithet: Findchad Fer Bend Uma, MU² 36. donn a cuach ballghlas a beann `her coif (?)', Aithd. D. 1.34 . beann eich uaibhrigh `frontlet' ( Ir. Monthly 1929, 333.20 ), DDána 111.20 . By metonymy (?) of a horse: an bheann (perh. = bean) is fearr cluas is cos, Measgra D. 15.1.4 .

(g) Various applications: bratgal na mbrat siúil risna bennaib yards , TTr. 1420 ( LL 32231 ). uagais brigais beand siuil, ` sail-tops ', Ériu xxiv 14 § 13. Of a shield: cetheora benna óir fair, TBC-I¹ 3580. Of a garment (see Ériu xvi 201 ): a dá beind imo brágait the two corners (of the cloak) about his neck, MacCongl. 65.2 . ocht mbruit co mbennaibh (mbuindibh, v.l.), Leb. Cert.² 1314. co r-gabus bend etaig Isu `hem', PH 2792. ar beinn a bruit on the skirt of her mantle, Ériu v 76.37 .

In phr. rí b.¤ king of peaks (?), one of three classes of kings enumerated in Críth G. (see p. 104 ): ríi b.¤ . . . Is hé rí túaithe insin las mbiat .vii. ngrá(i)d Ḟéne cona foḟodlaib i céilsini, ar it hé benna flatha doruirmisem, Críth G. 448 - 450 . O'Dav. 1335.

(h) In adverbial phrases: immo rēir a b.¤ i mb.¤ `from height to height' (Thurn.), for ever (?), ZCP xi 57 § 10. co bráth b.¤ for ever (and ever): ni theit co brath buidneach beann / neach it relcib in ifernd, YBL 318a58 . o sin amach co brath mbend, Anecd. ii 40.7 . re mbrath mbend, BB 17b32 .

(i) Freq. in nn. loc., usu. in senses point, peak, hill , see Hog. Onom. B. Étair, ibid., also ZCP xv 195.

In late use heed, attention, regard: gan beinn air bith air na haitheanta do choimheud `without any care to keep the commandments', Donlevy 176.24 . ní bhí beann agad orum = thou regardest me not, Job xxx 20 . nách fuil . . . beann aco air, Párl. na mB. 625 . gan beann do chur ar raidhtibh na heagluisi coitchinne, Luc. Fid. 3993. na cuir beann, suim, spéis, seadh, ann `regard', Eg. Gl. 71.

Compds.

(a) With nouns: don bheannabrog bhuadhach bhán gabled mansion, 23 G 24 , 388 . dá cromsciath ┐ da bendchlaidiub mara occo, LU 7671 (BDD). ōs Bregmaig na mbendchros ` peaked crosses', Arch. Hib. ii 94 § 25. re fogur thet mbeandchrot, Lec. 174rb3 (for mennch. ?). sreatha . . . téad mbeannchrot, Maguires of F. 86. cloidme m[ora] benndorncair horn-hilted, TBC St. 4524 , Gloss. cuirn mc Donnchadha / dleghait buideachus / buidhe bendgealla securities of horn (?), IT iii 91 § 128. do bheannmhoighe `thy lofty plains', Gadelica 11 § 3 .

(b) With adjj.: faoidh a stoc mbennbuidhe ` yellow-tubed ', O'Gr. Cat. 474.20. táin láoghach bhenncor bhó with pointed horns, KMMisc. 174 § 33. do dhromchladh na Bóirne bennghairbhe ` rugged-topped ', AFM vi 2102.11 . laogh Droma bheinnghil Bhó `white-peaked D.B.', Aithd. D. 25.12 . rosaich co Cua cendmar cain / comét bend-glan in buair sain, Metr. Dinds. iv 338.26 .

(c) With adjj. formed from nouns: múr na sgiath mbeannbhladhach mbláith with fair-famed and gabled buttresses, DDána 119.1 . tar beilgibh bennchairrgidhe `rocky passes', AFM vi 2198.8 . brocc bendchoprach (sc. Cell Dara), RC xiii 114 § 160 (see ¤chopor supra). cloidme benndornachae 'swords with hilts of horn', BDC 106.37 .

n ā, f., later also o, m. c.¤ m., IGT Decl. § 53 . f., § 54 .

(a) suit, claim, petition, message : caingin no fugall gl. negotium aduersus alterum, Wb. 9c4 . in tan luaithfider a ch.¤-som hi tig Dǽ gl. cum iudicium agitari ejus coeperit `his case', Ml. 57c7 . nī ar cais nā miscuis .i. nī ar dēnum chaingne for nech, Corm. Y 285 . do tosach caingean, O'D. 539 ( H 3.17, 433 ) `of the precedence of cases', O'Don. Suppl. as i mbreth is dia cach caingne (of end of the world), Laws i 22.6 Comm. , perh. for as í in breth as dead . . . . ar nach cnedh bis slan ré mes is di caingin la feine, O'Curry 1819 ( 23 Q 6, 46a ) = di caingiun, O'D. 423 ( H 3.17, 324 ). tiachtuin d'acra a caingne, Laws ii 86.6 Comm. iman caingean frecnairc, O'D. 579 ( H 3.17, 444 ). Maxim, Johan, Ernan / conc[h]uire mo ch.¤ , Gorm. 17 . co cuibdi cach caṅgni, LL 16607 (RC xlvii 293.y). cen gūbreith . . . / . . . / acht in chaṅgen fīr `but (finding) the true facts', KMMisc. 262 § 17 ( LL 18878 ). cia caiṅgen dotuc aniar ?, Rawl. 82b7 . beir . . . / gusin coimdid mo chaingin, CF 88.3 . ar impide th'aingel / co n-ilar a cc.¤ `with all their pleading', Ériu xix 3 § 5 . im Sairial seolta caingean `who prospers causes', Dán Dé xxv 55 . dár gcabhairne im chaingean / daghaighne mná (: aingeal), PBocht 18.4 . ná bérad breth forsin caingin sin, Ériu iv 126.13 . tāinic aingel ar mo chend / c.¤ daingen ar mo ci[u]nd, ZCP vii 307.7 . fer lan . . . do cosnam cacha caingne fa tabrad a lam `in upholding every cause he undertook to plead', Ann. Conn. 1307.9 . conciuchlat[h]ar do chainccen your affair will be heard, ML² 508 . ? do fhregair in sámaid sin / a cánaib is a caingnib, SG 69.18 .

In phrases: c.¤ fri claim etc. against: [intí] bes im caingin fris, Laws ii 86.2 Comm. im caingin fri righ no seanadh gl. tocomracc, v 396.x . im chaingin robui de muintir Tamlachti friss, Mon. Tall. 157.7 . cia c.¤ fil det-siu frin-ne ?, PH 3216 . téit etc. imm, la, fri ch.¤ goes etc. on a message, presents a case: dorrími Sencha . . . in caingin immá tullatár, LU 8745 ( FB 56 ). in c.¤ lasa tancais `the matter concerning which thou hast come', CCath. 4065 . timarnad duit nád dechis . . . / fri caingin (quaingen, caingne, caingeana, v.ll.) na athchuingid / as do liss cot' écc `for business or begging' (command to a monk), Ériu iii 108 § 52 . Note also: ma ta side a caingi a (? leg. i caingin) diubarta, Laws v 504.14 Comm. senchus .i. cuis is cain . . . .i. caing cain ingena (? leg. caingin, caingena) .i. cas caingine, i 30.30 Comm.

(b) dispute, controversy , question (for discussion): aí, cuis no caingean `controversie', Eg. Gl. 66 . tabair . . . comarli . . . .i. im cangin dilgotha cid dogénam imme, LU 9768 . i n-ecmais na caingni sin, 9771 . cepe nom bera . . . cen forus mo caingni chucu, 10260 . fri cosc ┐ cuindrech na c.¤ , Anecd. i 44.19 . fuaradar caingin doilig maxima quaestio , Lat. Lives 77.2 . batar caṅgni imda sunn ic Aed `questions', RC xx 46.21 . búaidh caingni cecha hairechta `victory in every assembly', xxvii 276 § 30 . in bóroma o Lagnib / tóroma do chaṅgnib cland, LL 16842 (`a service of the family tribute', RC xlvii 325 ). ro chóraig cach caingin ┐ cech n-imresain, 1477 . is caiṅgen / bith frisin less n-imdaṅgen, Auraic. 5124 . im cach c.¤ ro fiarfaig de, Grail 2188 . nobetis caingne ┐ écraiti dúibhsi, TTr.² 124 . caingni do chrichnachadh, TTebe 1141 . dénam comairli imon caingin sin, FDG² 685 . ic gleud ch.¤ na mór-ṡluagh `settling the dispute', Celtica iv 34.479 . romain ar gach caingnib / mac Muire go n-ainglib finna[ib] may . . . protect me against all disputes (suits ?), ZCP x 347 § 21 . coscar cacha caingne do commaidem `to triumph in every struggle', MR 258.23 . smuainiud cindti cacha caingni for solving every problem, 94.2 . críoch ar gcaingne `issue of our dispute', Content. ix 4 . an t-ord caingne `method of discussion', xxiv 3 . With ceist: césta ┐ caṅgni in choicid d'ordugud, TBC-LL¹ 868 . oenach . . . / cen cheist cen chaṅgin cen chreich, LL 27826 . du ceastaib ┐ du chaingnib domundaibh `worldly questions and cases', Auraic. 48 . ré heidir-ghleodh ceasd ┐ caingean, CRR² 16 . ceist ┐ c.¤ , PH 9 .

(c) Less specifically business, matter, affair : in cois ┐ in caingin ara-rogbad in salm gl. causam cantici `the matter', Ml. 74b11 . i cach caingin gl. in negotio, Wb. 25b5 . bid imda a n-airgne garba / is a caingne allmarda `piratical exactions', Fen. 66.10 . díchuirthar úain . . . tairmesca na c.¤ . . . saegulla (exhortation for Lent), PH 4993 . ba nefní leis a c.¤ ora maid in cath remi (of Protesilaus), LL 32287 `their dealing', TTr. 1475 . bad adba ch.¤ can chacht / bad adba aingel mon port (of Tech Molling), SG 366.29 . c.¤ in bāis brais, ZCP vii 302.27 . aingil Dé dom dín / fon caingin clé atchíam, KMMisc. 254.2 . suairc in ínis rangamar / imdha a cnuas is a c.¤ , 317.15 . cá c.¤ uil bar fargam what are you proposing to undertake(?), FDG² 638 . dōib fēin bid olc in c.¤ , ZCP v 22 § 9 . beg air . . . c.¤ na namad `the doings of the enemies', TFrag. 154.13 . is i caingean is coru `policy', Cog. 122.21 . rí an bheatha ceann gach caingne `Lord of all causes', Aithd. D. 75.16 . do bert . . . laimh imna caingnibh sin do fhorbhadh `to carry out these charges', Hugh Roe² 216.15 .

In prep. phr. with IMM: im chaingin ind anmchairdini `concerning the matter of spiritual direction', Mon. Tall. 135.11 . cia ro thuttis im chaṅgin t'ingini, TFerbe 253 . im caingin na ndaoine do déndáis aithricche `in the case of men', RC xxv 396 § 10 . cionnas do ghéndaois im caingin na nDanar, TFrag. 118.1 . With TRE: tre c[h]aingne con on account of, Sc.M² 21b .

(d) In later lang. also covenant, pact : dorinnes c.¤ re-m shúilib ( Job xxxi 1 ), PH 7800 . ro snaidm si a c.¤ , Grail 2291 . in c.¤ cona rathnachus tucsatt `guaranteed pact', Stair Erc. 358 . ar coilled a caingne re Ruaidri `had broken his covenant with R.', Ann. Conn. 1315.12 . in c.¤ sin C. ┐ M. `arrangement between C. and M.', CCath. 1163 . nī scarthar a c.¤ , ZCP iii 32.22 . an té ler cailleadh a chor / a caingean Dé do diúltadh, IGT Decl. ex. 1355 . fada súas fa bhrúach mBeirbhe / crúach sgeimhle ó chrúas do chaingne, 1373 . deadhuil chaingne na ccumpán `after the breaking of covenants', Studies 1921, 588 § 3 . lucht crúadhaighthe caingneadh (chaingean, v.l.) réidh `men who harden easy covenants', 1919 , 256 § 4 . ní fhuil ar chléircibh caingean, Measgra D. 55.18 . `the clergy have no status(?)', Gloss. ní bhí caingean ná cairdeas idir a lucht aittreabhtha (of vices of the body), TSh. 2948 .

(e) In chevilles: c.¤ ṅglé, SR 5463 . clothach caingean, Anecd. i 60 § 86 . caingean ceart, SG 24.23 . caingin nach gann, ZCP i 121 n.z . nochar ch.¤ cle, BCC 40.16 ; 168.29 . .

Compd. With adj.: bidh cath-buadhach caingen-glic `wise of counsel', Leb. Cert. 8.13 .

v Also occas. cesaid. IGT Verbs § 78 .

(a) complains, grumbles : Sdeaphan mór tré dhochar ndis / Pól dá chlochadh is níor cheis, Dán Dé xxvi 54 . a ben na cuile, ná ceis, Laud 615 87 cited Meyer Contribb. Prov. ceasann an bolg lán, Hard. ii 399.8 . ? scīath rígh Muige Tulcha Lis / cuire cumtha cīa nār ceis?, ZCP viii 227.18 .

As a rule with FOR (AR). (b) Of thing complained of: uair ni chesend nech dib som for a focraic fein `since none of them grumbles at his own reward', RC xxv 246.22 ( LU 2654 ). mad ar a būar cessed nech, ZCP viii 217.23 . as teann cheisim ar mo dháil, KMMisc. 354.25 . ar chrechaib nīr cheis in fer `never complained of having to make raids', Ériu xvi 162 § 21 . ar [chlaoine] na gclann ná ceis `complain not of their waviness', Magauran 956 . an uair cheise ar an gcroidhe `when thou lamentest thy evil heart', Dán Dé xviii 21 . ro c[h]eisedar na flatha ar n-a fedhmannaibh, ML² 1730 . With RE: ní cheis re comhrádh macaoimh 'she does not complain at the chattering of a child', Giolla Brighde 26 § 17 . In difft. idiom with words meaning fame , etc.: Midhi mac Bratha . . . / . . . / do ceis a tairm ar gach fini, / conad leis ainm Midhi moir his fame imposed itself upon(?), Ériu x 78 § 24 . leathar leis gach breath ma mbia / cá neach ar nach ceis a clú?, Magauran 3900 . Cf. sense (d).

(c) Of persons: ro ches air co mor = indignatur, TTebe 2514 . c.¤ in rí ar Fithirt finn, SG 367.38 . ní cheis mé ar a chloind d'ú Chréide, IGT Verbs ex. 699 . ? marb m'aes cumt[h]a ar nar ceis / duinn-e fa hurchra aindeis, BCC 390.7 .

(d) belittles, thinks little of, despises (see TBC St. 1447 - 8 note): cessis in caur forru . . . ┐ ba nefní leis a caingen ora maid in cath remi deemed them but feeble opposition, LL 32287 (TTr.). ceisis Medhbh go mor air iarna fhaisgin, ZCP viii 548.34 . Perh. also: [na] aonar [ar] cath [do] cheis, A. Ó Dálaigh lv 15 . In this idiom most freq. with menmae as subj.: tincais Medb ar Con Culaind ┐ cessis a menma fair `in her own mind she belittled him', TBC-LL² 1409 ( TBC St. 1447 ). rogabsat a ceill ar in slog . . . ┐ ro ceis a menma dul tarsu felt confident of overcoming them, BB 436a48 . ōtconncatar in becān slūaig . . . roches a menma forru, Fianaig. 78.1 . nir' cheis menma Fhinn ar an bhFhéin riam co sin a gcath ná a gcomhlonn never lacked confidence in, Acall. 1097 . cessis a menma cu mór forthu-sum, CRR 25 . nir-cheiss a menma na aicned na innithim forthu-sum, 27 . ro ceis menma D. ar Dal cCais ara nuaite, Cog. 212.10 . ro cheis menma cechtarnae dhiobh co mor forsan arccatt felt sharply that the money was inadequate, Hugh Roe² 282.z . With difft. prep.: is airesin . . . ro cheis menma Criomhthainn do A. B., Misc. Hag. Hib. 20.27 .

Vbl. of necess.: menip cesti for a eladain `unless there be a question as to his science', RC xxvi 17 n.4 . nibath cesta ar ar cloind, Fen. 320.y .

Vn. cesacht.

x see cethair.

n iā, f. (ardae) later somet. -airde. (equal) height, level: cia bronntar indi co comardda[i] cinn whatever is damaged in it to the level of the head, Críth G. 235 . co tall in cend i comarda a muiniuil de at the level (of), LL 12722 . buailios A. a ccómhurta an chinn é, CF Eg. 103 . teach nEothail[i] gan tuigi / a comardi re tuli, ZCP v 24 § 10 . i comharda frissna glendaibh, CCath. 4798 . Cf. Sescend Temra. i comardi ┐ Loṅg na mBan siartuaid, LL 3872 . an ccomhairde dochúaidh crann an fhogha isin aer, BS 10.26 . i n-airear B. comardu Étair, BDD² 432 (comarda (LU), comarddae, fa comair, v.ll., RC xxii 48 , `overagainst', Stokes). iar n-ardbiu a comlund c.¤ na fer no bítís foraib in equal combat(?), LU 9322 . ? la toeb crand comarda dé, 3839 ( SCC 37 ). ? Muiredach / . . . sochla sain comarddae / comarbba cōemchlann, Corp. Gen. 9.12 (`Rival', Ält. Ir. Dicht. 18 § 19 ). Cf. sochla sám comarbbae, 47.38 .

In phr. fo comairde equally : toibhget da trian eturru féin . . . fo comairde, Laws iv 254.10 Comm. comroindit etarru he fo comairdi no fo leithairde `equally or unequally', iii 270.6 Comm. Cf. fon comairdi no fon leth-airdi, v 74.11 Comm. slan dia comarda `sound equally (after castration)', Laws ii 248.7 ( slan .i. o buain as, 18 Comm. ) `gleicherweise heil', ZCP xiv 353 § 10 = slan o cull, Laws ii 238.10 , 244.24 (cf. comartha ?). hi comardaib trath, i 102.25 .

In abstr. sense. Attrib. g s. of equal importance, value(?): inlongad bandtaig banc[h]ora / a coibne co[i]r comarda .i. amlaidh ro coibindtiged a comardugad for coraib do réir chóir `in kinship of equally high contracts', Stud. in E. Ir. Law 135 § 9 ( Laws iv 38.9 , 40.2 Comm. ) da secht cumal comarda (sic leg.) .i. do comardaiged re da secht do cumalaib of equal value(?), Laws iv 44.9 and 46.22 Comm. ? diamut ili sealbu, bet uaithni comardu `they must be equally balanced' (the amounts (of compensation) paid will be diminished(?) ), v 242.10 Comm. = diamat ilselbha beit uaithne comarda, O'Curry 36 ( H 3.18, 14b ).

In n. loc. Forindan . . . du ergabhail du Genntibh i Cloen Comardai, AU an. 485 . ó Chlúain Comarda, LL 39408 . Cog. 227.10 .

n m., g s. -óra (Lat. confessor). confisóir, RC xxiv 384.14 ( Ériu ii 146.7 ). confeasúir, Celtica iv 168 § 269 . confeasúr, 169 § 273 . g s. an chonfesóir , MS. Mat. 569.39 . confessor : epscop ┐ confessoir, Gorm. 24 n. 2 . lorg . . . na gcoinfeasóireadh, TSh. 10557 . na naoimheasbuig, na confeasuiri, Luc. Fid. 5824 . dá cconfessoir = Chaplaine, RSClára 9b . a cconfessor = Confessour, 88b . comhairli do choinfeasōra, Mac Aingil 6969 . do bhí sé 'na chonfesōir .i. daingean sa chreidiomh, Beatha S. F. 1475 .

n u, m. (fet) whistling, whizzing, hissing: caelḟetugud na claideb ica tarruṅg a trúallib, LL 237a43 ( TTr. 1512 ). a tengtha ... for fedughad ina cendaib (of serpents), Aen. 490 (= sibila ora Aeneid ii 211 ).

n i, m. figheadóir (g s. -óir, -óra , -órach, n p. -óire, -óraigh) IGT, Decl. § 50 . A weaver: figidóir (gl. textor), Ir. Gl. 1095 . figheadóir, Isaiah xxxviii 12 . re garmain fígheadóra , 1 Sam. xvii 7 .

prototonic forms of this verb are found only in the fut. ( ni focertiti , CCath. 2830 is late, and phonetically irregular. Cf. fotcicher ... nimchicher, cited below, II (a)), in other tenses they are supplied by -cuirethar and -la; the —ro— forms are regularly from -lá both in pres. and past tenses. Cf. focress (.i. rolaad), Hy v 48 ; 72 ; 79 . focreasa .i. rocurid, Lec. Gl. 87 .

Forms: A ind. pres. 1 s. fosci[u]rtsa, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1859, 196 (< H 3.18, 75b ). 2 s. rel. focheirt (gl. seminas) Wb. 13c21 . fodosceirdi; foscerdi, LB 219a19 ; 26 . 3 s. foceirt, Wb. 32c11 . Trip.² 904 . faceird, Ml. 94c8 . focheird, LU 8848 . foceird, O'Mulc. 527 . 1 pl. focertam, Wb. 15b4 . 3 pl. (rel.) fuchertat, Ml. 93a25 . focherdat, LU 8848 . focerdat, O'Mulc. 527 . imperf. 3 s. foscerdded, Rawl. 113a1 . focherded LU 5005 . 3 pl. (rel.) fochertitís, LU 7031 ( BDD 67 ; focerdaitis Y). imperat. 1 pl. fuscerdam, Wb. 34a2 ( Ériu xi 136 ). foncerddam, LL 283a19 . subj. pres. 2 s. foceirr Wb. 13c24 . 3 s. foceirr, Laws v 320x . past 3 s. facherred Ml. 124b3 . focher[r]ad, Corm. Y 323 . fut. 1 s. fochichur LU 5761 (= —iur, TBC-I¹ 1290 ). —foíchur, LL 251b20 ( TBFr. § 24 ). -cichiur, BDC 112.138 . 3 s. focicherr, Ml. 87d6 . fotcicher, LL 147a22 . fo chiuchra , LU 4583 . —foicher, TBC-I¹ 706 (= —focher, LU 5184 ). 3 pl. focichret, RC xxvi 38 § 201 . LU 4462 . foscichret, LL 289b7 - 8 . Cf. fasciugrat, LL 119b26 (rhet.). sec. fut. 3 s. fochichred, LU 5291 . —foichred, 6822 ( BDD 38 ). pret. 1 s. fochart, LU 10987 . 3 s. focairt, TBC-I¹ 3656 . LU 3279 . Ériu ii 33.14 , 15 . 3 pl. fochartatár, LU 1735 ( RC ix 480 : Cf. fachartar, Ml. 64a10 ). Pass. pres. s. focertar, Thes. ii 249.10 . fochertar, LU 5018 (= focherddar, TBC-I¹ 529 . fomcertor, ZCP xv 301§4 . focerddar, Sg. 71a19 . fucertar Wb. 34a2 . pl. focerdatar, Ml. 96c11 . fócerddetar, TBC-LL¹ 6145 . imperf. s. focherte, LL 106b34 . subj. past s. focertha, BDD 85 D (focerta UY). fut. s. focicherthar, LU 7129 ( BDD 81 ). focichertar, IT ii 178.137 . —foic[h]ert[h]ar, ZCP xii 235.16 . pl. fochichritar, SR 8324 . pret. s. focres, Ann. Inisf. 2b8 . focress, Hy v 48 ; 72 ; 79 . LU 4618 . fochress, 7060 ( BDD 72 ; focreas Y). pl. focressa, LU 6924 ( BDD 54 ). The pret. pass. rochres, LL 77b19 ( TBC-LL¹ 2586 ), rochress, LU 6439 . do creasadh, Acall. (Leabh. ó Laimhsgr.) ii 73.25 . bhacresa, H 3.17 ; Eg. ( TBC-LL¹ p. 367 ) is by Windisch referred to this verb.

Analogical forms: pret. 3 pl. facheirdset, —ar, TBC-LL¹ 3630 . 3712 . focherdsat, TBC-LL¹ p. 895 n. 11 . fochertsat, Hugh Roe 166.12 (f. 44b) .

B From —cuirethar: ind. pres. 3 pl. —cuiretar, BCr. 32b11 . imperat. 2 s. cuirthe, Ml. 56c5 . cuire, BCr. 32c11 . LU 10821 . IGT, Decl. ex. 460 . cure, LU 4784 . LL 279b17 . 2 pl. cuirid, Wb. 27b11 . subj. pres. 2 s. —coirther, Wb. 10a21 . 3 s. —corathar, Ml. 68b9 . ZCP xi 84.32 (= coradar, LL 294a1 ). past 3 s. —corad, LU 4724 . Metr. Dinds. iv 132.17 . pret. 3 s. —corastar, Ml. 39a3 . LU 4919 . LL 117b34 . TBFr. § 20 . Pass. past subj. s. —corthe, LU 4762 (—coirthe, Eg., —coirthi Y).

C From —lá: ind. pres. 1 s. níro láim , LU 4774 . (?) imperf. pl. 3 —raltais, Ält. Ir. Dicht. i 41 § 31 . subj. pres. 1 s. —ral Wb. 7a4 . —rol, LL 251a39 . —rolur, LU 5225 . —ralór, 6875 . 3 s. ro laa , 4740 . mani laa , 4766 . —rala, Wb. 11b21 . Cf. coro láis , LU 1378 (a later -s- formation, like 2 sg. —rabhais ?). 1 pl. coro lam , LU 3781 . 2 pl. —roláid, LU 6874 . 3 pl. co rrálat , LU 6725 ( BDD 21 ; co rolat Y). past subj. 3 s. coro lád , LU 4616 . 3 pl. —roltis, TBC-I¹ 808 = róiltis, LU 5283 . ind. perf. 1 s. roláosa, 4791 ( Pedersen Vgl. Gr., ii 499 , takes this as pres.). rolaus, LL 147a41 . rodalláus, 249b40 . 2 sg. rollais, 251b14 . 3 s. ro laa , Sg. 75a4 . ralasom, Tur. 80 . ro láeside , LU 2928 . —ralae, Ml. 90c17 . corralai, LL 260b14 . ro láoi , IGT, Introd. § 4 . rālastar (: at-āgastar `feared') ACC 56 Comm. 2 pl. ro lasid , Wb. 15d1 . —ralsid, 15a1 . 3 pl. ro laset , Thes. ii 343.43 . roláiset, LU 7032 . —rolsat, Ml. 16d2 . —ralsat, Rawl. 164a48 . —ralsatar, Metr. Dinds. iv 144 . Pass.: fut. lafithir, BDD 81 Eg ( RC xxii 179 n. 13 ; cf. cuirfithir ib. n. 14 ). pres. subj. s. coraltar, LL 269a16 . pl. —ralatar, Laws iv 206.14 . past s. coralta, ScM. § 5 (corolatha; co ro lathea v.l.). perf. ind. s. rolaad, Wb. 13d9 . Sg. 153b6 . rollaad, Ml. 29c1 (second a over line). 44d2 . YBL 212b39 . cor laud, LB 60b31 . pl. rolathe, Rawl. 73b31 . roláithea, Fél. Prol. 41 (—láithe, —lathe, —latha v.l.). rolaitea, Fél.² clvii 7 . Cf. rosaralta (= frisa ralta ?), Ériu viii 156.22 . Vn. 1 cor, q.v.

I

(a) sets, puts, places (with FOR, I N-, IMM, etc.): focertar ... it bois is laid on thy palm Thes. ii 249.10 . fuchertat a laim íarna cúl who put their hand behind their back Ml. 93a25 . focairt dī lāim ima bráigit embraces him ZCP viii 311.14 . foceirtt lamae fair lays hands upon him Mon. Tall. § 66 . ní for fírduine rolaset a ṅgona `inflicted their wounds' (ref. to: in fer fordacorsatar | goíta, Hy v 66 ), Thes. ii 343y . benaid ... a cethri cinnu díb ┐ focheird for ceth[e]ora benna na gabla, LU 4799 . focherd in láech ... lossa ┐ lubi íci ... i cnedaib ... Con C. applies 6341 . focherdat i ndabaig; ... in dabach aile in ro lád, 5201 . is aire sein rolathe na da mac for Tibir, Rawl. 73b31 . fodosceirdi ... it beolu na mírenda `these morsels thou must put in thy mouth' MacCongl. 97z . focheird cach fer a brat immáraile, LU 7542 ( BDD 107 ). focheird fáthi n-imbi, LU 5748 . foruapratar ... in cathraig co ro lasat faithe fiangaiscid impe, Anecd. ii 54 § 16 . dolluid nél solas imme co corustar a beolu for talmain , LB 146a19 . alterutro .i. ní alteroutro ... issechtar rolaa a dilledchi ní immedón `'tis outside he has put (exposuit) its declinability, not in the middle [i.e. not `altero utro'] Sg. 75a4 . ni du choscrad in tempuil storidi ralasom `that He has put it' Tur. 80 (or does this belong to II? Cf. III). Iar mac N. ro láoi íarmbérla san nGaoidhilg, IGT, Introd. § 4 . ro láiset láma do, ┐ ron ergabsat, PH 3101 . Cf. frim gruad corcra ma chora | dom ruacht bochta fombera, Auraic. 5342 (`auch wenn ich Purpur auf meine Wange bringe' Thurn., ZCP xvii 292 ). F.¤ FOR AIRD displays, exhibits: na clesrada ... focheird Fer d. bar aird, TBC-LL¹ 3748 (= tuc St). 3757 (= cuiris a n-airde St). Cf. rolaiset na lama co lanard risna lannaib raised their hands aloft with the blades (?) Ériu viii 44.35 . plants, sows: mad grainne cruithnechte foceirr, Wb. 13c24 . conasrolaside (conid roláas v.l.; leg. condarolaside) isna hinadaib in robo dóig leis a nn-ás, Ériu iv 150 § 29 . ro-hairedh in mag ┐ rolaad sil cruithnechta ann, YBL 212b39 (= Ériu v 114 ). Of pitching (a tent), throwing up (a pile, mound), erecting, etc.: focress a phupall ... for Ailill, LU 4618 (= do A., TBC-LL¹ 390 ). focherdat a puiple icond áth sin, LU 5524 . do creasadh a phuball for an aird-rí, Acall. (Leabh. ó Laimhsgr.) ii 73.25 . card ... fochertitis in tan ba n-orgain. carnd roláiset ... in tan sin they used to make a cairn ... (etc.) BDD 67 ( LU 7031 ). focherte a ḟert ┐ a lecht ┐ a lie, LL 106b34 ( Ériu iv 26 ). rolad a fert ┐ a llia la C., Ériu v 213.122 . tairsiu ... coraltar mo ḟertsa latt, LL 269a16 ( ZCP iii 3 ; coro altar, coro claidter v.l.). focres a fert ann, Ann. Inisf. 2b8 . ro ladh a lia ┐ a lecht ... ar Muig Rein, Fen. 140.1 . tri liic ... Conall C. roda lā `placed them' Ériu viii 156.29 . cuma damh ... cibe focher trillsi treph raises wicker dwellings CS 610 = RC xvii 168 (Tig.), Bruchst. i § 90 (see trilis). For: rolād trā a gāir guba ┐ a ḟert ┐ a lia, Ériu i 120 § 13 , cf. (h).

(b) throws, casts, often of missiles: sís fucertar cech ingor suas fuscerdam ni, Wb. 34a2 . corralsat sis anchoram, Thes. ii 328.41 ( Hy v Comm. ) = co ro laiset sís a n-ingir, IT i 39 (< LB 82 marg. inf.). amal focerdatar saichtea for naimtea, Ml. 96c11 . focherd ... G. saigit forsin anmunna, PH 6304 . fochairt a chroísig forro, LU 3281 . fogabatside in n-id focheird [focheard TBC2] Cú C. ... Fír ol F. Cu C. rodla, 4732 ; 4741 . ní théssid secce conda rala nech úaib co n-áenláim, 4809 . bágais Cu C. ... fochichred cloich as a thábaill forru, 5291 . nochon ḟetur ... ní frisi corthe in t-id `I know not ... anything for which the withe should have been thrown' LU 4762 . fucaird L. liic talma dō `cast a sling-stone at him' RC xii 100 § 135 . fochartatár íarom bunsaig ... isa leth i mbátár na finna, LU 1736 . focherded a líathróit ┐ focherded a loirg ina díaid, 5005 . cía focerta míach ... fora mulluch `though a sackful ... were flung on his crown' 6821 ( BDD 38 ). f¤ saile spits : fo-cresa saile (MS saili) ... i n-einech dúilemon 'the face of the Creator was spat upon', Blathm. 191 ​. focheird a saili forsin n-ailig = projecit Lat. Lives 57 . fochairt [a luathred] i n-alt in maro, LU 1725 . Cf. fo[ci]chiur (?) an īch issan sāile I will throw the salmon Anecd. i 73 § 207 (= nan-cuirer, v.l. ruscurius, RC x 88.11 ). ro láithea for bíastaib `they have been cast to wild beasts' Fél. Prol. 41 . With cognate acc., or advb.: fochichursa aurchor dait, LU 5761 . tuc som a láim fon deil cliss dó ┐ focheird rout n-urchair úad TBC-LL¹ 1270 . focairt imroll missed his aim LU 3279 . ni focertiti imroll les, CCath. 2830 . F.¤ IMMUDU, IMMACH throws away, loses: is cor roda lláus immudu it is a cast wherewith I cast it away, i.e. I have lost it TBFr. § 13 . fon-rollassat immach a lloeg they lost her calf Irish Texts i 7 § 24 . frithe ... sleibe, da trian do fir fodngaib ┐ aentrian ... do neoch foceirr amach, Laws v 320x . F.¤ CRANNCHOR (CRANN), F.¤ AR C. casts lots: rollaad crannchur foir, Ml. 29c1 . focres crandchor forro dús cía díb lasa ragtha i tossoch, LU 6879 ( BDD 47 ; —creasa Y). co rolaset chrandchor inter se, Thes. ii 328.41 ( Hy v Comm = co ro laiset sortem, LB 82 marg. inf.). roláiset cranncur cia dib dia roised in flaithius ar tus, D IV 2, 77 [71]rb10 . focerdar crann eturru dus cia de beres ..., Laws iv 172.9 . focerdat crann iman agh mbeo dus ci ..., 102.11 . co rolaa ar crandchar and cia dia teccema a coimet, YBL 156a23 . See crann and crannchor. Cf. berar mucc ┐ ag ... dóib, ┐ apar friu a mmunter féin da n-irgnam dóib. foscichret i crandchor, RC xiii 444w ( LL 289b8 ).

(c) casts down, overthrows: dobeirsi dí láim friu ... conda ral[a] fón ṅglend pitched them into the valley LL 279b20 ( SG 414 ). Cf. doriacht Cethern ... acus focress in dunad ┐ in longphort foraib ┐ noṅgonand cach imme, TBC-LL¹ 4261 (= fosnobairside iarum tresin dūnad ┐ gontaiseom sochaidi, TBC-I¹ 2761 ). F. TAR CEND upsets, prostrates: is mór ríg ralā dar cend, Hail Brigit § 20 . atnagat a ṅgol ... co corastar na daíni ... tar cend, TBFr. § 20 . ro láiset ... a tech tar a cend, LU 1507 ( MU² 1003 ). Cf. fosceird dar a cend ┐ sí marb she falls down dead LL 117a29 (= RC viii 62 ). Cf. II for constr. Fig. is e ro lá dar cend ar forcetulne PH 1686 .

(d) F.¤ A, DE throws off, expels; drops, sheds: rolaad cech alt as a choir dam (gl. totus resolutus sum a campage membrorum) Ml. 44d2 . amal foceirt nech a aetach de Wb. 32c11 . foceirt a chocal de throws off his cowl Trip.² 904 . focertam fíal diínn, Wb. 15b4 . cuirid díib in nere se (gl. deponite ... de) 27b11 . (of a bull:) fochéird de na tri .l. mac nobitís oc cluchiu fair, LU 5330 . .xx. fer focherd de expelled 5819 . foceird a athair mac ingor a horba (.i. ada cuirid ... as in fearand), Laws iii 52.17 . faceird dia aicniud drives him from his nature (gl. perturbat) Ml. 94c8 . focicher don nirt i ttá `will hurl him from the power in which he is' BNnÉ 307 § 29 . is and roláset na bae a n-adarca díb LL 166a18 (= oralsat, BB 408a44 . con rallsat, Dinds. 123 ). cor lasat a n-adarca `till they cast their horns' Dinds. 16 . (cf. and sin ro chuirset na búair a mbenda, Metr. Dinds. iv 224 ). See also (e). is and rola C. in cennidi dia chinn, ScM. 15 . do láoi don chróisigh a ceann | gearr do bháoi an cróisin gan chrann, IGT, Decl. ex. 577 . F.¤ TAR: focheird úir da luib taris (of a bull ploughing up the earth with its hooves) TBC-LL¹ 1490 . Similarly: fócerddetar in n-úir thairsiu 6145 .

(e) puts forth, emits, sends out: focertar fíadain leó are sent with them LU 8869 ( FB 66 ). na rre ... focerdat in bech saithe `when the bees send out a swarm' Laws iv 172.13 (glossed: i cuirid beich ... uaithib). focherdsat na draoithe gaotha draoidhechta ina ndéoidh, Leb. Gab.(i) i 254z . do neoch fo-cheard doman de `all that earth brings forth' Ir. Review 1912, 248 . an dā each ... rolasett fa sech ri sliab, BColm. 90.4 . rolaad gairm escaire for naomaib hErenn `a call was made on' 54.21 . cuire huait, BCr. 32c11 (gl. tolle opp. to adde). Cf. di[a]ndrala huait CXVIII dofuarat latt ... (gl. tolle Kalendas, remanent CXX) Bvi 74 (`subjektlos,' hence 3 s., Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 499 ). gur láoi ioth, KMMisc. 168 § 5 .

Cf. focress di grán, mass a méin (om. comma and render: its ore was sent from a goodly grain ?), Metr. Dinds. iii 120.16 .

(f) launches (a boat): rolaisead a curach for muir, RC xxvi 136 § 8 . Cf. focerd a luing ... sech Eirinn soir `steered his vessel' Lism. L. 252 .

(g) In various figurative senses corresponding to above: ní rolsat som cumachtae ṅDé diib did not cast off the power of God Ml. 16d2 . focertar side ... hi selbad ind fir sin `is thrown into the possession of' 30c3 . i n-oena focerddar ┐ dofuasailgther cach áram (gl. omnes numeri ex [singulari] componuntur) Sg. 71a19 . is illeith Duid ... focert a n-ugturras refers (ascribes) their authorship to D. Hib. Min. 4. 131 . nach breth dobeirthe co Conn, foscerdded Conn cucisum, Caratnia § 1 . ro lá gach oman de, Leb. Gab.(i) i 198y . cach eccomnart ... romfarraid ... ro laas dīm fom cumhang, BNnÉ 301.2 . raráid A. ná curfed P. de in n-athis ... coro ralad tria chath ... do denam fri Grécu, LL 228a34 ( TTr. 818 ). in feil bis for luan focertar for mairt the feast ... is transferred to Tuesday LB 9b46 ( Rule of Tallaght § 10 ). o atraracht Crist a bás rolaad in cháisc iarom for dómnach was transferred to Sunday KMMisc. 146.5 . abbair fris, ní corathar a ḟlaith eter rindi gaí, ZCP xi 84.1 . foncerddam il-leth ar Tigernai let us entrust ourselves to our Lord LL 283a19 . Lism. L. viii . nícon béosa fot chumachta-su bas ire diandum roib forsa rol mo greis, TBFr. § 22 (`if I have anyone under whose protection I may put myself' Ériu xi 94 ). Cf. forollat for do greiss that have come [? put themselves ?] under thy protection Ériu viii 173.18 . See Mary Byrne, Ériu xi 94 ff . rolāsett each an dru[i]th ... for greis in aesa imthruimm, BColm. 90.5 . Cf. rotog ... gach dechnebar dib a menmarc do naemuib E., ┐ rolaiset fora muinteras ... ┐ rolaiset forro ainecrus a n-indtige ┐ a n-imtechta co toirsitis E., Lism. L. 2073 . do neoch doraega ┐ ro laí ina muinteras, LU 1393 (cf. II below). rolaite for coindmed cach naidchi they were quartered out every night YBL 209b46 ( Ériu v 236 ). focerd a n-oman cach tuaith `it casts every tribe into dread' Fianaig. 12 § 19 . ma cuaird focheird a toimsi it is measured by the circumference SR 169 = ima cuairt ... focert a tomus, Laws i 28.25 . rolasid súil torunn you have taken our measure Wb. 15d1 . 15a1 . ní ro láim súil toraib isind fid `I cannot cast my eye over them' (i.e. cannot see them all together) LU 4774 . tíagait ... co rolsat súil tairsiu ┐ ba dírim leó in slúag, 3782 ( SCC 35 ). Cf. o ralathur suil dar cach, Ériu ii 229 § 8 . focheird airdmius forsin lorg makes an estimate of LU 4788 . roláosa ... fomus forsa nī sin, 4791 . Mael S. ... focheird síth ima sen-mag `spreads peace' Metr. Dinds. i 44 . With DO of person: offers, grants (to): cid dam focerdta roga | nogegainn mo choimthoga if I were given my choice ZCP vi 267 § 11 . focres rogu do Mug Ruith do thírib Muman viii 314.19 . ro lád roga dóib, LU 8720 ( FB 54 ). With FOR of pers. lays, imposes (on); bestows (on): rolā cāin forsna clanna, Hy i 52 ( Thes. ii 306 ). cáin Patraic ... fucres for cach claind, Trip. 214.1 (2518) . turfochruic flathu foceird for doim `which he grants to an indigent person' (one of the seven bestowals not recoverable by distraint) Laws v 264.16 . rolá bricht forru cast a spell over them Metr. Dinds. iii 388.27 . F.¤ COMAIRLI takes counsel; plans: focres comairli ic lucht na cathrach cidh dogentais, CCath. 920 . focressá comairle léo cinnus dogendais ..., 130 . Cf. focresa cro comairle ┐ cindti comraid ac macaib S. Ériu viii 56.9 . F.¤ COR, CUAIRT turns, twists, makes a stir; goes round; visits; searches: nocon foicher cor dia chind riut will not turn his head towards thee TBC-I¹ 706 (= focher, LU 5184 ). na curid cor díb do not stir LL 259b20 ( IT i 67 ). focheird C. cor n-íach n-eirred de, LU 9119 ( FB 87 ). focerd Fergus cor conidralai for tech mbecc, IT i 144.4 (= do lá F. cuairt, ZCP v 501 . Cf. luid C. ┐ B. du chur cúarta fofúaratár óentech, LU 10579 ). focherd a suilchor issin tig casts a glance ib. IT i 144.16 (= foceird luathchor dá sūil isin tigh, ZCP v 501 ). oral cúairt fuiribsi that I may visit you Wb. 7a4 . asbert M. ... ar a n-indled a noi carpti dí coro lád cor isin dúnud, LU 4616 . regmai coro lam cor imón slúag, 3781 . ro lá curu in gaeth ... im Inber ..., Otia ii 82 . coro lá cor immán rigthech, LU 8381 ( FB 25 ). luid ... corralai cor imma techsom, LL 260b14 ( IT i 74 ). fochichret cuaird in domuin will go round SR 8088 . cia leith focheird a chainchuaird, 1198 . rolá cúairt hÉrend fo thrí `he made the circuit of Erin thrice' Metr. Dinds. i 16.30 . Cf. fochress cach cúaird imm alaile don díbeirg fri éitsecht in scéoil arranged themselves in concentric circles LU 7060 ( BDD 72 ). See 1 cor, 1 cúairt. focheird cor tra do menmannaib araile cid foruair, etc., the minds of some are exercised by the question, what caused LB 212a66 ( Alex. 1014 ). F.¤ COR makes a contract or agreement: cor focerdcar [sic] seach aga fine `a covenant made without the knowledge of the chief' Laws iv 60.12 . cor foceird baeth fri gaeth, iii 6.19 . dā cor focerdaiter fri hechlacha, iv 58.24 Comm . nach cor ... focerdtar for aes forngaire, ZCP xiii 23.23 ( Bürgschaft 11 § 37 ). inge secht n-uasalchuru nadat asu do thaithbiuch neochma rolatar [sic leg., ZCP xvi 271 ], Laws iv 210.2 . fo bith nand asu dichenglad cor mbel inneochma ralatar, 206.14 . coro-lasat a curu bliadain fri D., Dinds. 22 = BB 363a6 . With ellipse (cf. i): flaith foceird fri anflaith, Laws v 358.7 (expld. in Comm. p. 360 as one who accepts stock from an unlawful or extern chieftain). Cf. focerd fri flaith n-eachtrunn, ii 286.5 Comm . Similarly: focerd a mainche fri eagluis (= makes a contract of service with? See mainche) iii 68.5 . Eochaid mac O. focheird cuindlic [ = cuindilc] ┐ a hocht brathair E. and his eight brothers make a pact Anecd. iii 61.15 . focartatar coindi[l]c ib. 30 . ┐ focheird a ḟoesam ┐ a oentaid fris, Fél. 132.25 (see fáes(s)am). cach cor ... cach idnucul focertur forsna urgurtuib sa (.i. cuirither resin lucht ro urgairustur dligedh cunnrud do denum), Laws ii 290 ( ZCP xiv 376 ). Cf. is mōr ríg frisrala cor currech Corpri ... `whom the Curragh of C. has overthrown' [? to whom ... has plighted itself] Hail Brigit § 16 . F.¤ BEDG makes a leap, jumps, springs: focheird bedg cuce springs at him LL 260a41 ( IT i 72.19 ). rola Cu Ch. bedg de tresin mbudin, LU 1517 ( MU² 1015 ). focherdat in miolcoin bedg i mBrei, TBFr. § 5 . focheird Cu Ch. tri bidcu ina ndíaid, LU 5795 . See bedg, and cf. do-cuirethar. Cf. ni fuailfed focheird inti | luaithred M. `no motion in it made the ashes of M.' Metr. Dinds. ii 62.5 . F.¤ SCÍS rests: arrallsat scis a tig rig, YBL 13a21 ( Snedg. u. Mac R p. 12 ). Cf. lotar hi tír do chor a scísi, Trip.² 376 .

(h) of sounds, noises: utters, makes; raises (a shout, cry): focherdat ... gāir foa cheer him LU 8849 ( FB 64 ). focheird osnaid sighs LL 371a8 . ro lasat gáir mesca 259b15 ( IT i 67 ). biasta ... fochichret gaire garga SR 8060 . focherd srainn snores BS § 27.1 . focerd ilach cheers Laws i 244.6 Comm. focertitis ualla mora ┐ grithghairi `uttered great yells and howls' RC xiv 46.2 . baili i ralsat Gaill grithgair, Rawl. 164a48 = ait i rrollsat G. crithgair, LL 185a44 ( Arch. Hib. ii 85 ). roláadh gáir móir and, TTr.² 1640 . dia ralsatar fíanna faíd `raised a cry' Metr. Dinds. iv 144 . focheird fáid ... cloc bind, Auraic. 5131 . foceird fit ... frissin n-escmogin hisses at O'Mulc. 527 . Cf. for braigtib rig foceird feit (of a sword) LU 1042 ( ACC 101 ) = LU 9673 ( ZCP iii 214 ). fochartatar a ndord n-impi, LU 7850 ( BDD 141 ). a ngloim ro lásat na tri .l. curach oc tuidecht hi tír (the noise they made) LU 6935 ( BDD 55 ). Here perhaps f.¤ grith: (of weapons on a rack:) ro lásat grith co mbátár for lár in tige, LU 6936 ( BDD 55 ). (of swords, etc. tossed by a juggler:) fochartatár grith immi co mbátar for lár in tige, LU 7560 , 7568 ( BDD 109 , 110 ). foceird armgrith mór a rrígthech the house clattered (?) LU 8203 ( FB 15 ). (of a regiment:) an armgrith rolāsad oc teacht ind rēimme, TBC-I¹ 3221 . fochertar armgrith mór leo .i. mac sethar ind ríg do folmaisiu a báis, LU 5018 . rola Temair tri crithu [leg. grithu ?] di ┐ rolaiset na sluaigh ... ┐ roláset primdingnai Erenn uile, Anecd. ii 7.19 . Cf. f.¤ dírna, below, III.

(i) performs, executes, wages: f.¤ cath, etc.: fochartatar ... an [leg. na] coin cocluiche `the hounds had a coursing-match' RC xii 72 § 43 . secht catha raláe ma thīr, LL 44b33 (= ro ládh mun tir, 380b41 ). desin rolád ... in cath for fál F. `hence was fought ... the battle at the fence of F.' Metr. Dinds. iii 346.97 . gur laoi is Oilill cath Cláraigh GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 168 . With FOR of defeated side: in cath ... rolá for leith Chuind, Metr. Dinds. iii 200.17 . With FRI of opponent: co róiltis glied fris, LU 5283 . Cf. anaid sund ... conid rolursa frisin fer n-ucut till I tackle that man LU 5225 . mad comáes nod corad fris `had it been his match in age who opposed him' Metr. Dinds. iv 132. 17 . DO: focerd gliaidh do Aen. 2505 . Cf. focichret for collaib coin congala, RC xxvi 38 § 201 . co rrálat a ndíbeirg for firu Alpan, LU 6725 (`that they may wreak their rapine on the men of A.', Stokes, BDD 21 ). co rrólsat a ndibeirg lais, LU 6729 ( BDD 22 ). f.¤ ár (with gen. of obj.) slaughters; overthrows in battle: fochiuchra for tiugára, LU 4583 (= con curfe, TBC-LL¹ 290 ). focerddat a n-ár ┐ marbait in ríg, LL 242b5 ( TTr. 1910 ). cor muidh for Gallaib ┐ cur ládh a n-ár, RC xvii 351.20 (Tig.). co rolládh a n-ár etir ergabail ┐ marbadh, 355.26 (Tig.). rosceastar sliabh nEthna sruaim tened ... gu ro lae ar daini ┐ cethra ann, CCath. 854 . co ráemid for Gúari corro lad ár cend and LU 9605 . focerdded ār ceann and, BB 428b29 . Cf. co rolad ár mór dib and, Ann. Inisf. 19a14 (988) .

II Used to take the place of an intrans. vb. of motion.

(a) in older lang. in impers. constr., often with inf. pron. obj. (see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 310 ff .): facheirt in alios sonos `it puts itself [ = passes] into other sounds' Sg. 4b6 . fosceird dar a cend ┐ sí marb she falls down dead LL 117a29 (cited above, I c). This is evidently the same construction as that in: arnach corathar immoth ... dia seirc that he may not become stupefied from love of them Ml. 68b9 . Cf. dia corastar Saul foir isin nuaim i mboí when S. chanced upon him Ml. 39a3 . bec nacham ralae i nderchoíniud I almost despaired 90c17 . (Cf. becc náchimrala húathbás, BDD 87 Y, where DEU omit becc). ni foichred cnoi díb for lár not one nut would fall LU 7329 ( BDD 97 ; ni rossed cnú díb lár, Eg.). focerd F. cor conidralai for tech mbecc ann, IT i 144.5 . foscerd iarsin i n-araile indsi `they land' RC x 72 (foscairt v.l.). foscerd do inis they come to an island Anecd. i 56 § 45 ; fosceirt, 59 § 74 . dochuamar a tir sunna, ronla a nuaim in Ciclopdai `we landed here and went into the Cyclops cave' Aen. 154 . is and rolasi co Cathbath, LL 259b26 . YBL 109b37 ( IT i 68 ; rolaad sí, Eg.). foscerd ... imonsech fo c[h]osmailess luathrinde they are whirled round (of three opposing sea-currents) Corm. Y 323 . nosuighfedh cid Erind focher[r]ad ind, ib. fotcicher i súan | nimchicher i súan thou wilt fall asleep. I will not LL 147a22 ( PRIA iii 548 ). nach duine rodacuala son foscerded i cess, LL 126a18 . focerd E. i ces a ben do eludh `it grieved E. that his wife had eloped' Ériu xii 188.7 . foscichreth uili i ndāssacht, Ériu ii 136.1 . amal snechtae fosceird i robāne `which is cast into great whiteness' 130 § 99 . fosceird iar sen a muir naill, YBL 6b45 (= focheirdat ass iar sein hi mmuir n-aill LU 1887 ; see section b below). foscerdsom ína cotludh they fall asleep YBL 5a21 = fochairt inna cotlud, LU 1801 . Cf. srethius fair ... in slig conid rallá ina chomsudiu, LU 5148 . rolá didiu i socht ... Mac D. Mac D. became silent ScM. 3 . roslá i socht na hUlto, 9 (= rolá socht mór forra R). focherd A. i serg de A. falls into a wasting sickness LU 10730 (TÉ). ge robatar longphorta slog in domain i n-athfoccus don tigh sin ni rolae tigerna in tige i snimh ... uair ni rabattar ... innmassa occo, CCath. 3337 . is ann sin ro láa [rogabsat; ro ba v.l.] curudha ... for tocbháil a fedhma catha, CCath. 2016 (cf. section c). Cf. ni rola imroll mo urchur cussindiu, LU 3281 .

Exceptionally to express completion of action: ic coistecht fris dóib uile coro láis in tasfénad sin do dénam, LU 1378 (= con roisc, LL 280b32 , corroisc, YBL 120b25 ). Cf. rolāi dí had achieved ' Fianaig. 46 § 9 .

(b) Somet. with reflex. inf. pron.: foscerdat inna buidne form ranks LU 4684 , cf. ro lasat i ndrungo ... ┐ buidne, BB 414b10 . Cf. TBC-I² 246 n. 211 .

(c) hence as intrans. vb. denoting indefinite motion (though some of the following may be corruptions really belonging to section a). lit. and fig.: is and fochichersom ar gním n-aithergaib [sic leg.] `he will resort to' BDD 102 c , (cf. CCath. 2016 cited in section a). focicher crú tria chnessaib blood will burst through skin (?`ich werde Blut ... springen lassen' Wi.) TFerbe 648 . focertat i suan co cenn tri la fall asleep RC xiv 46.17 (cf. YBL 5a21 cited in section a). focherddat Ulaid chuci, LL 124a25 ( Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 6 ). focerd C. a magh mor a aenur `C. found himself on' [went in to ?] IT iii 195.3 . focherd i tracht romra comes to (= anchors in) Anecd. ii 15 § 8 . focerd in long i roibi S. ┐ lenaid for carraic ` struck ' Aen. 1010 . focairt chos in Duind C, ar adairc a chele alighted TBC-I¹ 3656 . focaird forsin cuanlocht na mac tíre came upon the wolf-pack ZCP viii 310.40 . Cf. ar chribais il-leirg ... daceird [focheird v.l.] [my dog] comes upon a pig (?) IT i 162.4 ( LL 208a12 ). fochard and Morrigan ... do tascc an catha `proceeded to proclaim' RC xii 108 § 166 .

Cf. rolaus cian i cein | ar do charait i mbrōn, LL 147a41 ( PRIA iii 548 . Supply cuairt ?).

III In the following idiomatic constructions

(a) with AR (cf. II): ni áil dúib á iarfigid arna rala for cubus áiri lest it distress your conscience Wb. 11b21 (Thes. takes `for' as prep., comparing: act ni roib ní for cocubus, 30a16 ). focerd a chubus som ar tomailt torith na muindtiri `he exercised his conscience about eating the produce' Mon. Tall. 77 . ni ralá do cless n-airiut cosinnocht never troubled (?) thee LU 7562 ( BDD 109 ). ní arná corad mo chiall | arna fordulu no tíag it is not that my mind heeds not the strayings (= that I am not acting intentionally ?) LU 4724 . Michél ... focheird mo menma airi `M. ... my mind is set on him' Ériu ii 92.6 .

(b) In the following the vb. seems transitive: focairddsi menmain for in gilla set her heart on RC xxv 346 § 2 . ní foíchiursa mo menmain for óclach n-aile, TBFr. § 24 . ro láeside menmain fora macsom, LU 2928 . Cf. ráthaigis E. aní sin ┐ focheird a menmain airi she considered it (= was puzzled by it ?) LU 10743 .

(c) focerd dano menma in coca thairis cur bhá slan a sechtmain the cook forgot him (?) till a week passed Lism. L. 1997 .

(d) f.¤ for weighs on, grieves, vexes: na cuirid fortsu sin ... uair fogebum uili in t-olc sin grieve not for that BB 445a37 ( Mer. Uil. 10 ). ralágh [prob. for ro-lá] ... cumha a banchéle for an ríg coma ... imeslān é, ZCP xiii 197.12 . bai aenfer ... fornar laessat na cumscaigthi mora sin `whom those great commotions did not affect' CCath. 1086 . atcuas doséin a mhac do epilt. rolá fair go mór go mbaí hi siurcc, AFM vi 2218.20 . (of rain:) ba moa rolá for muintir Uí D. na frossa ferthana ... inás for ṡlógh an Gh., 2034.2 . ar a mhēd rolā fair gan a ṡlogh dia tharrachtain, Hugh Roe 252.29 (67b) .

ba fou fachart[at]arsom it was for that that they applied(?) it Ml. 64a10 . Cf. ni du choscrad in tempuil storidi ralasom `it is not of the destruction of the ... temple that he has put it (gl. non id ille dixit quod illi dicunt Comm. on Marco P. xiv 58 ) Tur. 80 . ba dō fachairtsam son, ar nicontissed aridisse, RC xi 444.3 (= ba do focerdsom anni sen for Coin C. fodeig arna contissed ..., ZCP iii 247.1 ). (Expl. of cruimther as transl. of premther:) in Bretain ... it ē dorintaiset ┐ is anni as premter dorintaiset. is fair iarom rolaset legnidhe na mB. annīsin: amail is lomm, etc. Corm. Y 211 (= is fáei ... latharsat LB; is foi ... rolasat HM. O'Don., Corm. Tr., renders LB `accordingly the literati of the B. explained it'). ni cian rollā for dāla did not long delay (?) SR 7651 .

(e) f.¤ dírna di = scares (?): fochérd dírna mór din tslóg co luid Medb día chosc, LU 4685 . atracht in slōg uile ara chind ┐ rola dirmae din chath imbi oc teacht isin telaig TBC-I¹ 3288 = ro lá dírna dina cathaib ┐ dina sluagaib ac déscid in láich sin, TBC-LL¹ 5391 . See Hermathena 1931 p. 4 , and cf. f.¤ grith I (h) above.

n i, and guttural, m., fomórach o, m. a `Fomorian ', the name of a mythical people entering largely into the legendary history of Ireland, see O'Rahilly's EIHM, 523 - 525 . They were said to have reached Ireland in the time of Partholón: cetchath Herend robriss Partholón ... for Cichol ṅGricenchos d'Fomórchaib ┐ fir co n-oenlámaib ┐ co n-oenchossaib roḟersat friss in cath LL 5a21 (cf. BB 372a42 = Dinds. 41 ). Elsewhere in early lit. they appear as two-legged and two-handed beings, but generally of great stature and evil nature; Christian writers traced their descent to Ham son of Noah, see LU 124 . where they are classed with `luchrupāin' and `goborchind.' In later Mid. Ir. and Early Mod. period the word signifies variously a giant or pirate; Giraldus Cambrensis calls the opponents of Partholón gigantes ( Top. Hib. III cap. ii ). The word is by Irish writers commonly associated with muir `sea' (see BB 253a29 and Keat. i p. 182 cited below), a view adopted by K. Meyer and by Rhys, Hibbert Lect. 1885, p. 591 ; but by Stokes, Ling. Val. Ir. Ann. 63 , and Thurneysen, Heldensage 64 , with A.S. mara, Germ. Mahr `phantom' (cf. Engl. night-mare, Fr. cauchemar); by A. De Jubainville, Cycle Myth. ch. V 3 with mór, már `great.'

(a) Acc. to Meyer, Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 6 , Wortk. 86 , the oldest form of the word is perhaps fomoire, a derivative of *fomuir `land lying towards the sea,' `shore-land,' of which the gen. fomra occurs ( fine Fomhra, BB 32a45 ; Fen. 258.17 ; co sluagh ... Fomra, Leb. Gab.(i) 106.4 ), this etym. is rejected by Thurneysen, Heldensage 64 , see also O'Rahilly, EIHM 524ff . n s. in fomaire fir (: Conaire) LL 195a34 ( Metr. Dinds. iii 128 ; of Macc Cécht, cf. IGT, 111 ex. 318 , cited below). g p. selaig srathu fomoire , LL 311b35 = fomaire, Rawl. 118a33 ( Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 6 ). for féin fomoire, BB 28b26 , cf. Leb. Gab.(i) 102.10 = fomóre, LL 7a16 .

(b) The common Mid. Ir. form is fomóir: metithir ra f.¤ na ra fer mara, TBC-LL¹ 3805 . fa f.¤ e i farrad Eisirt a giant compared with E. SG 241z . co tarcomlat-sim trénfiru an tṡídho .i. na Fomore, RC xii 72 § 41 . a tirib na Fomóre LU 7283 ( BDD 94 ). do Fomórib, LU 7284 (ib.). ferge Fomóra fairge (: comōla), LL 7a31 . g s. co Carraic ind ḟomorach , Acall. 6545 . g p. mac righ na fFomór (: mór), Duan. F. ii 222 . na fFomhóir (: cóir), 224 .

(c) The form fomórach (g s. -aig) is found in Mid. Ir. and later generally replaces fomóir in pl.: cnoc in ḟomhoraich , Acall. 1881 . d'ingantaib ... itir duine ┐ énlaith ┐ ḟomhórach ┐ bethadach ` sea-monsters (?)' Ériu ii 146.1 . n p. conid húad [viz. Ham] ro genatar luchrupain ┐ fomóraig ... ┐ cech ecosc dodelbda archena fil for doinib, LU 124 . na fomāraig (: háraib), LL 206a22 . fomoraig .i. fomuiridi .i. lucht bidis ag sladaigecht ... ar fairrgi, BB 253a29 (= Cóir Anm. 234 . Cf. is aire do gairthí Fomhóraigh dhíobh ... óna mbeith ag déanamh fóghla ar muir: Fomhóraigh .i. fomhuiribh, Keat. i p. 182 ). a p. fri fomarca , TBC St. 2983 . g p. na fomorach , LU 113 . fomórach, 7271 ( BDD 93 ). triar ... a finib fomórach , LL 254b5 . d p. cet laech d'fomórchaib is d'arsaidib, 198a16 . ra fomorchaib, TBC-LL¹ 3625 . fomhóir omhóir (g s. -óir, -óra , -órach, n p. -óire, -óraigh) IGT, Decl. § 50 ; ón omhóir easbaig, III ex. 318 . In later MSS. often misspelt fodh-, foghmóir: g s. fodhmóra, Stair Erc. 2278 . foghmóra, 603 . In romances the word seems synonymous with athach `giant' (see St. Ercuil glossary): fomor firgrána, Acall. 1884 = int athach, 1903 . fodhmhoir milita. Ériu iii 166 § 23 (called athach later in the text). co facaidh in fomoir feramail fírgranna ┐ in t-athach, ZCP vi 288.23 . Of Cerberus: fodmoir foirtill, Stair Erc. 638 . Of centaurs: ced fomoir ... ferrda, 571 , 2570 . fomhoir uathmhur (of Goliath), Carswell 9 . Golias .i. in fomoir , ZCP ix 176.30 .

n a clasp, latchet (?). Occurs only in d p.: da assa co foraíb óir impu, LU 4514 . da mhaelassa ... uime co foraib oir foru, ACL iii 5.24 . assai ... co foraib óir, LL 231a46 ( TTr. 1040 ). cathbarr ... cengalta co foraib óir imma chend LL 241b33 ( TTr. 1856 ). Cf. da mhaelasa co n-oraibh ordha ZCP xiii 170.36 . cethri ora umaidi ar cech brut, TFerbe 24 . Cf. 1 or.

n ā, f. ; later also o, m. (vn. of fris-áilethar). a d s. fri frithalim , SR 5058 (but : fri frithailem , LU 8043 ). ic frithalim , SR 1187 , TBC-LL¹ 1088 , etc. g s. frithalmi, SR 1200 , cf. friothailme, Leb. Gab.(i) i 34.6 . In later manuscripts also frithálam, or frithólam (-um) ; g s. frithalma, LL 107b13 . friothólamh, -álamh (f. ; g s. n p. -a) IGT, Decl. § 37 ; frithólamh, -álamh (m.) § 100 ; frithóileamh (-eolamh v.l.), -áileamh (m.) § 101 ; -óilimh, -áilimh, f. § 150 . As vn. -álam, -ólam, -áilem, -óilem, m. Also -álaim etc. f., Verbs § 70 . g s. -aim ib. ex 612 . -ólmha, 613 , -áilte, 609 (see fritháiled).

Often found in association with frestal and influenced by it.

(a) expecting, looking out for (orig. sense) : ra thoegat saide ... co fáitar i nEmain ... ra frithalim comergi Conchobair (i.e. in expectation of, to attend the rally of the Ulstermen) LL 95a6 ( TBC-LL¹ 4928 ). atbert na ragad acht bith oc frithalim lochta a chríchi fodesin (Cú Chulainn refuses to go to the feast because he has invited his own people to one) LL 262a15 ( MU² 44 ). boi oca ḟrithalim co cend mis. ni thanic, LL 278a48 . oc frithalemh cia aimser nó reghad, TTr.² 222 . robatar uile ina tost ... oc frithalum na scel no indisfed, Aen. 409 (= conticuêre omnes, intentique ora tenebant Aeneid ii 1 ).

(b) catching (something thrown) : na nóe slega rodibraiced air a frithalum 'na laim clé ┐ na .ix. líathroiti ... a fritholum 'na laim deis = catching the nine spears that were cast at him in his left hand and the nine balls in his right Acall. 5834n .

(c) anticipating, making provision for, preparing , with gen. of thing : tegdas ... fri frithailem tomalta na fleda LU 8043 (FB). tanic Culand connice a dun ... do frestul ┐ frithalim lenna ┐ bíd, TBC-LL¹ 964 . fer frithalma mōre ... .i. Bricriu `a man of great management' [of making great preparation, provision] Ériu iv 30 y ( LL 107b14 ). Abram ... ro chennaig in n-inad ... i frithalim a adnaicthi as a burial-ground for himself (= Gen. xxv 10 ) Rawl. 73a33 = ic fritholum, BB 6a11 .

(d) waiting on (a person), ministering to the needs of, supplying: ic frithalim ... na n-anmanna, SR 1187 . ní dlegait lōn leo for sét acht ... ri Érenn da bfriothailimh the king of E. supplies their wants ZCP viii 116 § 12 . na cethri airm déc batar ic Conchobur ... ic frithalim na maccáem ciped mac díb no gabad gasced, TBC-LL¹ 1088 (= fri hagaid frithailme St. cf. ... fri gabáil ngasced do neoch LU 5046 ). coic tret ... ┐ cét n-arathar ag frithalum a tigi for the service of his household Aen. 1727 . baí faill fritholma ra [leg. ar] in clerech ag in chailligh , BB 233b7 . ni lemtha airbernad ar a cudich no ar a [ḟ]ritholmu (sic) `his share or his supply durst not be lessened' Cog. 50.6 . tair ... linne co nderntur do frestal ┐ do fritholum acoinne, CCath. 1667 . ag denam friochnama ┐ fritheolma fair, BNnÉ 104.9 . Cf. friochnamh ... ┐ fritheolmha do dhenamh, RC xxix 219 . rena mnai fritholmha, Oss. v 74.2 ( Tromd. Guaire 685 , where -mha, like -mu in Cog. 50 , may indicate a late vn. form : -ólmhadh). Of service or attendance in wider sense : ica frestal ┐ ica fritalam amal gach cumail, CCath. 1149 . caeminailt fritholmha Oilealla ┐ Medhbha, ZCP viii 542.10 (= c. comaitechta, TBC-LL¹ 1554 ). ionad mna friotháilmhe d'fhagháil, Desid. 1257 . ... gillai ritholmha dó féin of one of his own attendants AU 1168 . gilla friothalmha, Oss. v 42.22 . gan digh ... dh' aithiaraid | ad tigh re feadh frithálaim during the dispensing IGT III ex. 612 . In a special sense : díl fritháilti an fear 'ca mbí | do bean ḟritháilte a Ruaidrí ib. 609 .

Of things, functions, etc., attending to, looking after, discharging: co nach raibi cáithlech ātha i nErinn gan Gall dáer ica frithalom fair `to work it' [attending it for him ? But cf. Cog. 116.9 ] Fianaig. 86.16 . friothailemh eaglusdachta, Todd Nenn. ciii . na tratha do frithalum to observe the canonical hours Laws v 124.18 Comm. lucht fritholma an aifrind, BCC § 69 (= ministri altaris Reeves Ad. 104 ). aonmhaiccléireach amháin do bhíodh ag friothólamh an aifrinn dó serve him at Mass Keat. iii 999 . friotháileamh sollamainte na n-uile shacramainteadh, Desid. 4963 . Cf. dul ... do dhénamh an ḟritheóilti si `for this administration' (i.e. to communicate the sick) RSClára 88a . do dhénuid friothólamh dhó minister (to the Tabernacle) Numbers i 50 .

Esp. of attendance on the sick: do iarra mna do frithalum na mna bis ... fri idhna, Laws i 300.5 . sir bean frithámhla di 'look for a midwife for her', Ev.Inf. (LFF) 233 § 67 . fritheólamh na n-esslán, RSClára 112a . aos galair cona lucht fritheólmha 78b0 . Cf. cona ffritheolmhaibh oireamhnacha amhail iarraid a n-aicíde, 111b0 (an inaccurate rendering of the Engl.).

Of treatment : ise an t-adhbhar morgaithe is coir do rithaileamh ar dūs it is the corrupt matter we must attend to first 23 P 10³, 16b31 . In pl. ministrations (?) : tri firtorithne no tri frithailme (gl. teora frither) Laws v 452.7 Comm.

(e) in hostile sense coping with, withstanding (an enemy or an attack) : [secht mūir] fri frithalim n-ilchatha, SR 5058 (of Jericho). ba handsa ... fulung a fergi ┐ frithalum a mha[c]comlaind, Aen. 2570 . nach aitni damsa i nErinn sluagh fritolma Uladh a host able to withstand the Ulstermen TBC-LL¹ p. 747 n. 5 (St). co na betis i n-etarlēn frithalma ar cind a bidbad, LL 172a45 ( CRR 9 ). nior bho urusa fritheálamh a bhforráin, ML 134.2 . Cf. ro buí slógh ... for bruachaibh in tsrotha ica fritholumh (of the British resistance to Caesar), CCath. 187 . ni mo chean ... tarrla re freastal no re fritholamh na fairrgi ... sin unhappy those who had to tackle that sea CF 42 . adnaig ag drem frisi mūr ┐ na Troīandaigh ica frithōlum dona mūraib, Aen. 2233 . robui a comair frithōlma na foirne fīrnāmat tānic ... cugi was ready to tackle Fianaig. 72.7 .

Absol. : in frestal ┐ in frithólum dobertsat forro, CCath. 1711 . in fritholum tucsat Danair ... fri Dal Cais, Cog. 188.11 . dobeir frithalum fair in conair tainic, Aen. 2622 (= speculatus in agmine ... obuius ire parat, Aeneid x 769 ). Transf. of a person : ni fil for Eirinn ... frithailem Chuind a match for C. Anecd. ii 7 .

n u, m.

(a) a mouth : g s. in geno deeid (gl. securi oris), Ml. 82c5 . a ngena, 55a18 . d s. ho giun, Wb. 5d14 . i ngiun, 4d33 . tri giun (for a s.), Ml. 74d13 . i ngin, Thes. ii 357.19 ( Hy. vii 65 ). a s. tri a gin-som, Ml. 68c12 . a p. ginu (gl. ora ), 88b10 . íar senad a gena co tánic rath in spirta naim fair, RC vi 165.1 . núall cech gena `the cry of every mouth,' Fél. Sept. 16 . cé betis secht tengtha | im gin ..., Ep. 126 . Cf. Aen. 1409 . sæthar ecnada 'na gin (giun v.l.) sāethar buirb 'na lāim, ACL iii 314 § 27 . diá tesorcain ar gin díabuil, RC xxi 378.16 . coscther a gin do golgaire, TTr. 1068 ( LL 231b32 ). a gin in fatha, PH 3660. BNnÉ 48 § 23 . bennachais P. iarum a gin, Laws i 8.10 . Anecd. ii 32 § 2 . no-labratís na demna tria n-a nginaib, PH 747 . i ngenaib na filed, Auraic. 1594 . amail donaircechain tria ginu na [prim faidhi], Laws i 16.7 . tar a ṅgena, PH 3771 . toimhlidh in loech ..., tara gin `swallows a man whole,' Marco P. § 107 . Cf. dar a chræs gin osluicthe, FB 37 (Eg.). sechtmad [screpaill] cach oen ngena do riagail r[i]u ... for every mouth [of grazing cattle], O'D. 1564 ( H 5.15, 3b ). Fig. suí ghena gusmair a scholar of vehement speech, ZCP xii 364.21 . ri rosáer ... do gin Balaim (i.e. from the [maledictory] utterance of B.), SR 7334 . gin .i. craes, Lec. Gl. 359. In phrase : a hoín-gin (giun) ; ó óinghin with one voice, unanimously : atbertatar amail bid a haongiun, Corm. Y 1059 . amail bidh a haenghin friscartsat, Marco P. § 31 . o oengin, Hib. Min. 71.28 . o oengen, RC xv 294.17 ( Dinds. 5 ). (ó) oen gein ┐ ó óin chridi, Lat. Lives 26.12 .

(b) hunger (?) : gin .i. ithe, O'Dav. 1025. (?) na hith, gemadh mor do gin | an tiascc do bhir go mbi fuar `though great be thy hunger (lit. mouth),' BNnÉ 82.11 .

(c) an opening ; a (mountain) pass : gin lócharne lethan the wide mouth of a lamp, Fél. Ap. 22 . tegdais gena na ṅglend (= domus oris vallium), PH 4600 . Cināed cinged gin nGabrūain ... the pass of Gabhrán (i.e. Belach G.), Bruchst. i 52 § 114 = AFM i 538.z .

Compds. ¤áil see ginól ; ¤chróes o, m. (in s. and pl.) gaping mouth : nó-ṡúigfed cid Érinn uli ina ghinchraes, Thr. Ir. Gl. p. 13 (s.v. Coire Brecain). dar gincráes a bragat, TBC-LL¹ 1025. LL 108a29 . comtar écnaig a ginchroes, TBC-I¹ 1943 . gomdar inecnaigh a ghincraeis, TBC-LL¹ p. 373 n. 1 . asreṅgsatar a ṅgin-chraesu, LL 237a49 ( TTr. 1517 ). rooslaicset a nguba ocus a nginchraesa, Fen. 114.23 . RC xiv 404.3 ; 422.20 . Cf. inchróes. ¤gob (a) mouth, muzzle (of animals) : a gingobaiph ┐ a heocurbelaibh na n-ech, CCath. 4957 . i ngiongobaibh a ngredh, Hugh Roe § 57 (28a) . (b) a point : tar gingob na sleighi, Acall. 4923 n . ¤tuillem (leg.) extravagance, prodigality : cinta comráite ┐ gintuillim liabilities arising from deliberation and prodigality (?), Laws iii 68.14 . inann fis urfogra ┐ fis gintuillmedh (leg. ¤tuillmea ?) a n-urradus knowledge of his having been proclaimed and of his prodigality are equivalent in customary law, O'Curry 2535 ( Eg. 88, f. 44 (45d) ).

n i, f. g s. gnúsa, Wb. 15a20 . gnuso, Ml. 47d8 . n p. gnuissi, 32c8 . gnusi, 118d20 . In Mid. Ir. makes g s. gnússe (gnússi): gnuisi, Laws v 228.27 . gnúsi, FA 24 (LB). gnúis (g s. and n p. ¤i; g p. gnúiseadh), IGT Decl. § 14.

(a) face, countenance, disc (of sun or moon): gnúis et láma et cossa, Wb. 12b4 . gl. facies, Ml. 118d20 . na gnuissi (gl. ora ), 32c8 . gnúis chorcra, TBC-LL¹ 206 ; 5683 . nā banaiter fergnúsi, FB 29 . i tollaib a n-gnússe, FA 27 . fiad gnuis De, MacCarthy 42.13 . tara ṅgnúissi bána, Fél. Ep. 339 . tōcbam cridi solam súas, | teilgem gnúissi sís, ACL iii 313 § 19 . glamu gnuisi satirising the face, Laws v 228.27 . fer sochraid cennais ó gnuis, PH 6541 ; 630 . robanaid gnuisi, TTebe 2826 . claochlódh na gnúise (sign of death), TSh. 1609 . pl. loosely used: biáid anim fora gnūisib there will be a blemish on his face (features ?), ZCP x 225 § 2 . By extension: frais ... da reatlannaib dar tondgnuisib (tonngnuis v.l.) in talman over the surface of the earth, Cog. 178.21 . for duni-gnūis in talman, TBC-LL¹ 5975 . i ngnúis into the presence of: oc techt i ng.¤ díabail, FA 20 . ria ndul i ngnuis in Spirta nóib, Hy. v 90 . Isa Crist i ndeachaid gnúis into Whose presence he has gone (of one just dead), RC xxiv 62.1 . gnúis fri (ar, do) gnúis face to face: srotha ... do dechsain g.¤ fri g.¤ friu, CCath. 2542 . FA 12 . atá flaith ... fri gnúis do g.¤ dóib, 5 . acallaim in Choimded g.¤ do g.¤ , RC xii 432 § 35 ; xvii 408.27 (Tig.) = gnuis do gnus, CS 288.27 . Cf. imcaissiu na Trinóite | o gnúis do gnuis, SR 8372 . ar gnúis (nom. prep.) before : aildi géill ... ar gnúis ríg, Fél. Jan. 9 ; Ep. 398 . ba hinis na nGoedel adcidh ar a gnuis, ACL iii 12.2 . orchra gréine for do ghnúis ... before thee, Ériu viii 135.1 . re ngnúis in front of: romebdatar secht catha rīana gnūis īarna ēcaib, Otia ii 88.2 . Common in later poetry by synecdoche for the person: mucean fre cach ndaim no re cach ngnuis, Laws v 76.x Comm. don ghnúis fáoilidh, nar ér dáimh, BNnÉ 287.9 . ar apa a ndernais de drúis | espach athis dod' gnúis glain, Ériu vii 223 § 35 . d'fhiafraidh ... don ghnúis ghloin ... from the fair-faced (maiden), Oss. vi 4.23 . guidhis an bhféata ... mar bhainchéile dá ghnúis ghloin `prayed that the lovely one might be a mate for his own bright figure,' TD 1.24 . gnúis mhórdha is céimleasg i gcath, 26.25 .

(b) aspect, kind, form, species: gl. species, Sg. 3a11 . Cf. 154a2 (= specierum). is saingnúis duitso it is a special form, 208b5 . cisi gnuis di gnúsib na canone ? to which kind of the kinds of the canon ?, Hib. Min. 76 ; 78 . tresin ngnuis cenelaich as [s]inechtoche `through the general figure sinecdoche,' 132 . da cenélach .lxx. di gnusib retlann, Ériu ii 132 § 107 . gnúis a aighthe agus a éadain the appearance of his face, Atlantis iv 162.15 .

(c) In prosody: gnuisi díten (grammatical) forms which may be used in verse to obviate faults of metre. They are twelve in number and are enumerated, Auraic. 1978 . sceith ocus gnuisi glana | aincit lochta linmara, 1966 . Cf. 1974 .

(d) Meaning doubtful: arannaisc a chētgnúis `his first presence (?) betrothed him,' RC xxvi 32 § 144.

Compds. ¤airmitiu honour, respect , Lib. Hymn. i 46.15 . ¤álainn (of the sun), ZCP vi 59.8 . ¤derge ruddiness of countenance , MR 118.2 . ¤détla, TD 8.19 . ¤dorrda surly-visaged , AFM vi 2256.w . Hugh Roe 194 (f. 51b) . ¤fhergach, TBC-LL¹ 1741 (St.). ¤fhilledh turning the countenance, TSh. 2004 ; 2025 . ¤garb: nathair ... gnuisgarb, TTebe 495 . ¤imdercad blushing , AFM v 1824.12 . ¤lethan broad-visaged , MR 184.21 . ¤liath ashen-faced , MR 182.10 . ¤mer wild-visaged , Cog. 114.24 . ¤nárach, Misc. Hag. Hib. 111 § 35 . ¤ṡolus disk-brilliancy: ré ná grian ní gnúissholus, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 330.y . ¤uathmhar fearful-visaged , ML 118.32 .

v indic. pres. s. 3 inloing, Corm. Y 39. Stud. in E. Ir. Law 135 § 9 n. c . nī hellaing , Corm. Y 447 ( Anecd. iv 38.10 ). pl. 3 inlongad, Stud. in E. Ir. Law 135 § 9. in-do-loingad, Laws iv 6.7 . ipv. s. 3 ellaing, O'Dav. 802. pret. s. 3 inlolaig, O'Dav. 1130 = inlolaid, Laws iv 16.21 . ? ellacht, ACC § 61 ( RC xx 256 ). rom nelacht , AFM i 330.13 . Pass. indic. pres. s. inlongar, Bürgschaft 28 § 76. -hellangar, 26 § 74 . 15 § 51. -ellagar, Corm. Y 447 ( Anecd. iv 38.10 ). in-longathar, Laws iv 378.7 Comm. -ellaingaither, O'Dav. 614. pret. s. inlochta, O'Dav. 995. ro ellacht , SR 3551. RC xx 52.9 . pl. ro hellachtai , Alex. 132. Part. ellachtae. Vn. 1 ellach. Later in- was prefixed to the prototonic stem giving a new deuterotonic form : pres. s. 3 inellaig, O'Mulc. 537 (= inloing, Corm. Y 39 ). pret. s. 3 ro inéillgistar , Laws iv 16.y Comm. pl. 3 ineillgitar, Stud. in E. Ir. Law 135 § 9 and n. b . See also eillgid (RIA Dict. Fasc. II), formed from the prototonic stem of in-loing. Both in-ellaig and eillgid occur in the Laws glossing in-loing. See Wortk. § 56 and Marstrander, RC xxxvi 370 - 2 . The original sense seems to have been lays, or puts in or on .

I

(a) joins, unites, brings together, puts together: issí in chathir ind nóib ata ellachti hi crist, Wb. 21c5 . ellachti i corp Crist gl. concorporales , Wb. 21c16 . is ellachtae ł. is lán (gl. conferta) 'is compacted, or is full', Ml. 84a6 . mor ndrong ndhánai ndheigḟear ndhánamail ro hellachtai and i n-urd ellaig in chathai `trafen dort bei der feindlichen Begegnung ...,' Alex. 132. sceo ellacht imhuaim n-eisci im rith .i. ocus ro heillged aice seom ... `and he connected the mutual movement of the moon about the course (of the sun),' RC xx 256 § 61 (ACC).

(b) puts upon, lays upon, imposes, bestows, inflicts: feib ro ellacht doib cech triall | bai a mbennacht for Iosiaph, SR 3551. meraid mo bennacht co cian | feib ro ellacht ni ba truag, RC xx 52.9 . forsan Trīnōid togaidhi | rē cāch, iar cāch do ellac[h]t bendacht, Ériu iv 120.12 . Crist mac Muire ingine | cech maith is é ro ellacht, Anecd. ii 32 1. ailim Críst feibh ro d-ellacht | mo bennacht for áes ochta, 32 § 6. dom riacht forrán la sluagh siuil | rom nelacht Aedh Róin arráir | im Chonna Cill `Aedh Roin insulted me last night,' AFM i 330.13 .

(c) Of literary composition, puts together, composes: anamain .i. ainm airc[h]etail ... `inloing ollam anamain,' Corm. Y 39. cf. O'Dav. 1072. is ē dēach is airegdamh dīb indi ō n-ellagar nath ; ar nī hellaing nad ellaing nath, Corm. Y 447 ( Anecd. iv 38.10 ). ni ellaing nad ellaing nath he who does not compose a nath does not compose, CIH vi 1929.24, 2215.5 (cf. 2224.4, 2225.23) . fuach .i. rann ... in fuach ellachtda `the connected (?) stanza,' O'Dav. 858. cainellaingaither drogh moltar trí .x. de, 614 . essim, tessim, ellaing, tellaing 'draw in, draw out, put in, put out' (of anál and aí), Celtica vi 216 . ellaing .i. ellgi-si [ní] estib amach. Tellaing .i. teillgi-si ní inntib amuigh `i.e. thou puttest something out of them outwards ; ... i.e. thou puttest something into them inwards', O'Dav. 802 .

II In Laws.

(a) imposes (usually a contract or obligation on someone) : in-longar for raith iar suidiu in fiach no in cundrath ara-roib on feichemain ara-tait raith `darauf wird der rāth für die Schuld oder den Handel verpflichtet,' Bürgschaft 28 § 76. co-ellangar aitiri luige ? `wie wird zu der aitire des Schwurs verpflichter ?,' 22 § 65 . cesc co hellangar forsin raith ? ... cach techtae inlongar for raith, O'Curry 65 - 6 (< H 3.18, p. 24 ). inlongad bandtaig banc[h]ora `women's lands sustain women's contracts,' Stud. in E. Ir. Law 135 § 9. it fir ín-do-loingad it is men who impose it (i.e. who make an entry into land), Laws iv 6.7 , glossed : is fir ímfuilgniter no íneillgiter indtib, ib. 16 Comm.

(b) puts in a claim for, maintains a claim: inlolaigh .i. ro heillged, ut est inlolaig Seithir selba `S. entered a claim for possession,' O'Dav. 1130 = inloiligh, O'Curry 120 (< H 3.18, p. 74a ). inlolaid .i. ro eillgestur .i. ro íneillgistar, Laws iv 16.y . is amlaid inloing in ingen a orbe a matha(i)r amail inloing in mathair fora ingin `a daughter maintains the right to the land of her mother just as the mother binds her daughter,' Stud. in E. Ir. Law 135 § 9 n. c .

(c) enters, takes possession of: tech inlongar for comdig ha forcoma[l] neigne which is entered ... by violent seizure, O'D. 471 (< H 3.17, c. 368 ) = tech a longar, Laws v 162.19 . secht tealluig ... cibe innlis a mbreith no nos eillgi, O'D. 1187 (< H 2.15A, p. 46b ).

The follg. are obscure: fracc .i. ben nó snathat, ut est inlochta fraic folach ┐ rl. .i. foilgither ar in fraicc in bec ó bhḟuaigend .i. in tsnathat, O'Dav. 995. inlochta .i. ro airlithar foladh mna, O'Curry 464 (< H 3.18, p. 245 ) (evidently refers to same passage as above, for the article : frag .i. ben, follows immediately). ? is a lochtaib coirib inlongathar eathar ` is manned ,' Laws iv 378.7 Comm. (? is loaded), cf. v 490.11 .

prep. with accus. See GOI § 845 , Fraser, ZCP viii 46 ff . Occasionally with d p. of 1 suide: la suidib, Sg., 4a9 , Wb. 6b17 . 8a12 . 9c2 . 17d11 (but a p. la suidiu, 8a11 . 9b17 ). In IGT listed among the nine unaccented particles which do not cause inflection of masculine nouns ( IGT Introd. § 75 ). See also Magauran 4227 n. For the form in immaille(i) ille(i) see GOI § 44 , § 841 .

FORMS. With follg. noun: le, Cambr. ( Thes. ii 247.22 ). la, O. Ir. glosses and SR pass., also in early Middle Irish MS. texts, and concurrently with le, lé in later ones (le (sic MS.), AU 1085 ). For exx. see citations below. Doubling of follg. m, n, occurs sporadically in the O. Ir. glosses: la mmaccu, Wb. 19c15 . Ml. 49a20 . la mméit, 95d13 . 91c19 . la mmarbu, Wb. 25b22 . la nnech, Ml. 42c13 ; cf. also la gglais, Ardm. 17a ( Thes. ii 238.12 ). In later MSS. h is prefixed to a following stressed vowel. In later lang. also leis before certain proclitics: leis gach fear, TD 9.101 . leis gach neach, DDána 100.1 .

With article: s. lasin, etc. lasin conair, Ml. 45c9 . lasin sruth, Dinds. 52. lasa (n.), LU 10652. laisin, ZCP viii 107.3 . lesin, TBC-LL¹ 2374 , PH 7339. In later lang. leis an ( Dán Dé xviii 10 ). pl. lasna, Sg. 28a18 . Hib. Min. 3.75 . LU 8202. laisna. Ériu iii 140.184 . leisna, BNnÉ 70 § 116 , ZCP v 495.z .

With suff. pron. 1. s. lemm, Wb. 1b10 . 2c27 . 4b17 . 7a3 . lem, 5b31 . 14d16 . leim, Sg. 209b30 . limm, Wb. 19b7 , 23a18 , 23 . 23b34 . 24a27 . Sg. 188a19 . SR 1595. 3353 . lim, Wb. 7d3 . 8a3 , 8c17 . 23a27 . Ml. 55a4 . SR 1201 , 3361 . lium, Wb. 18a1 . Ml. 45c7 . 46c18 . 87b17 . 96a10 . 105b7 . 117d4 . 127c13 . liúm, 106b6 . 2 s. lat pass. in O. Ir. glosses: Wb. 10a10 . 16b11 . 29d18 , etc. Ml. 65a2 . 73a10 , 111a5 , etc. Sg. 215b5 . SR 1757. 2443 . latt, Bvi 74. let, SR 1593. 3 s. m. and n. Archaic (m.) letha, ZCP xx 401.8 ( GOI § 433 ) leiss, Wb. 6b8 , 16 . 14a22 . Sg. 29b12 , 13 , 19 . 61a16 . 93b8 . leissem, Sg. 10a11 . 28a18 . BCr. 32a5 , 32b6 . leissom, Wb. 33a2 . less, Wb. 6b21 , 26a8 . Ml. 35d24 . 71c12 . 129a9 . lessom, Wb. 10a14 , 24a17 . Ml. 47d2 , 131c14 , 132c6 . lessem, Sg. 77b6 . les, Wb. 10a2 , 32c2 . Ml. 18b1 , 34c17 , 55c1 . lesom, Ml. 18c6 , 23b12 , 53a1 , etc. lesem, Ml. 50b10 . laiss, Wb. 24b27 . SR 5791. laissem, Sg. 149b4 . lais, Sg. 153b7 . laisem, 158b6 . lais, SR 639 , 1631 , 2185 , 2591 , 2799 , 4969 . laisseom, LU 1425. lasim, Mon. Tall. 138.15 . leis, Sg. 111a3 , 202a7 . SR 637 , 2791 , 4971 (: geis), 630 . leiside, LU 1418. 3 s. f. lee, Sg. 167a4 . LU 3882. l, Laws ii 372.5 . laee, Wb. 14a37 . lǽ, 24d11 . lea, SR 3016. léi-se (: éise), Dán Dé ii 24 . 1 pl. lenn, Wb. 4a27 . SR 1615. leinn, GOI § 433. linn, Wb. 13b9 , 18a16 , etc. Ml. 30a2 , 5 . Sg. 198a6 , 207b11 . línn, Wb. 25a27 . linni, 4c23 . Ml. 26b6 , 10 . 30c3 . Sg. 149b7 , 160b2 , 207b9 , etc. linnai, Ml. 92c5 , 120b2 . liun, Ml. 89d6 . liunn, 112b13 . lenne, LU 1387. 2 pl. lib, Wb. 5a13 , 5d33 , 7d3 , 26a9 , etc. Ml. 115b10 . 3 pl. leu, Wb. 1d15 , 5d20 , 26d22 , etc. Ml. 3a6 , 14 . 33c13 , 35c23 , 43d1 , 102c8 , 139c3 , etc. léu, Wb. 30c11 . leo, 7d10 . Sg. 148b9 . 147a10 , 203a4 , etc. leö (disyll.), Blathm. 102 § 41. Archaic(?) lethu, Thes. ii 241.4 , Hy. ii 17 (see notes). Otia ii 86.8 ( GOI 52.3 ). For classical verse the forms given in the tracts are: liom leam leat lat leis lais (m.) leis (n.) lé linn leinn leann (lionn `lochdach') libh leibh le, 24 P 8, 194 (see also 190 , 218 ) = Bard. Synt. Tr. 7 ; cf. lionn: cionn, O'R. Poems 308. liu, Luc. Fid. 3212 .

With aile: lelele, Wb. 16c24 . li alaile, GOI § 845.

With possessives. 1 s. lam menmuin, Wb. 3d13 . lam' rig, SR 336. 627 . 2 s. láad muindtir, Mon. Tall. § 6 . lat tarb, LL 7644 . lad gráin, BDD² 1500 . 3 s. and pl. lea, Thurn. Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 37 § 5 . lia muntir (3 s. m.), Thes. ii 249.9 . lía mathair, SR 2828 . lia n-athir, Ml. 127b2 . lea hanāil, LU 10599 . le a, Ériu ix 164 § 17. l, Content. ii 15 . le athair, DDána 65.31 . lá olc, LU 1390 . la náimtiu (3 pl.), LL 260b33 (Lg.). lea fuaire . . . lena thes, Maund. 136 . lena choin, Feis Tighe Chonáin 757. So also TSh. 1 pl. lar tir, Ériu iii 136.44 . liar, GOI § 845.

With rel. In O. Ir. las(a) n-: lassa ndenatar, Ml. 84a11 . lasa ndernad, Thes. ii 289.5 . lasa mbiat, Ml. 75b2 . lasmbi, 24a19 . lastorchair, ZCP viii 302.20 . lasra chētgabtha, 303.1 . Later forms: le ndingnad, PH 7526 . le ffaicfe, BNnÉ 74 § 133 . lea ttuitionn, Párl. na mB. 1207 . le gcurthaoi, Ériu i 101.7 . le a ndamnuighthear, Luc. Fid. 2989 . le ar chuireas, ML 110.4 . lé 'r-buail, PH 7653 . lé n-ar chuiris, Párl. na mB. 907 . Note also: leis a mbí, Bard. Synt. Tr. 4. lé n-a n-oiltior, Párl. na mB. 917 . With copula: O. Ir. la sin(n), Ml. 53c16 , 129b3 , 131d11 . Later: an fear lena holc ┐ lenab olc ┐ len holc . . . an fear le nach olc ┐ leis nach olc, Bard. Synt. Tr. 25 ( leis nach beag, DDána 37.4 ). learbh annsa, Feis Tighe Chonáin 762 . na fir len leis an fearann, Bard. Synt. Tr. 26. (cryptic) loiscia .i. liath (? = lia 'with his' etc.) Goid. § 163 (Dúil Laithne) , ZCP xlix-l 612 . losca (? MS. losco) .i. leo 'with them' Goid. § 181 , ZCP xlix-l 612 .

In a number of idioms used concurrently with FRI, which it to a large extent replaces in the modern language.

MEANINGS.

I Denoting spatial proximity

(a) beside, by, touching : dollécet a láma la tóeb fochetóir, LU 8212 ( FB 16 ). amal roboí . . . laa and la toíb ind locha, LL 14439 ( Ériu v 208 ). snidig banna la taeb na columa medonchi in cech aimser, PH 6356 . trí chéad each le gcurthaoi srian, Ériu i 101.7 ( co n-allaib óir friu, LL 13246 ). a uille do leicen leiss to rest his elbow upon it, Fl. Earls 216.26 . gur léig a leathcheann lé a leathbhrollach, PCT 557 ( Gadelica 127 ). dia mbúi fecht lasan muir amuich go bfacuidh an días Erionnach dia ḟios, Ériu iv 63.26 (here the pseudo-archaic `lasan' may be a scribal affectation). ar bhfaicsin déar le a gruaidh, DDána 69.11 . Cf. beith le remonstrating with: dob é rún Ríogh . . . , beith léise ar lot na habhla, DDána 5.25 . Cf. FRI I (b).

(b) along by (see also I (d) below): flesc for dib ṅgablaib lasin conair immetiagat do erissem dia lethlaim furi a railing along the way they go on which to rest a hand, Ml. 45c9 . a sescunn da cor la descert léni la fur conrici hucht noi nomne `from the Moor of two Hillocks by the south of the meadow, by Fur as far as the Nine-Trees Hill', Thes. ii 238 ( Ardm. 17a ). ótha crích drommo nit cu glais tamlachtae dublocha la gglais cu grenlaich fote `from the border of Druim Nit to the stream of T.D. by the stream to G.F.' ib. le hairer nÉrenn, BDD² 253.

(c) along with, in the same direction as; in motion with: luid leo fades, Thes. ii 240.18 ( Ardm. 18a ). luid espscop fith leo for longis, ib. do thuidecht lat illei, Wb. 30b17 . ar tuidecht leu do brith macc nIsrahel i ndoiri for coming with them to carry the children of Israel into captivity, Ml. 113c8 . in gilla do thecht . . . / le . . . istech talman, SR 3196 . is amlaid tánic A. ┐ a tri meic les, LU 17. do hindled a carput forsna heocha ┐ nusfaīdhe pātric cen duine leo cu feótur ina dísirt la Mochtae, ZCP viii 106.24 . tairsiu féin lat tarb, LL 7646 ( TBC-LL¹ 106 ). ní regat lend they shall not go with us, LU 4632 . ticfaitis fosta fer Fernmaige leiss, TBC-LL¹ 833 . tánic ┐ cóeca ingen lee connici in comdáil, LU 3882 ( SCC 39 ). tanic . . . co n-epscopu ┐ braithri imda lais, PH 1587 ; cf. a taidchrec co sommataid ┐ setaib leu, Ml. 123c10 . do ruacht fer . . . sin tech ┐ fer fo lind leis, LL 7672 ( TBC-LL¹ 135 ). dochóid F. lasin n-athesc sin F. went with that reply, LU 8099 . is é seo mo chétḟechtsa latsu bud é mo ḟecht dedenach, LL 8599 ( TBC-LL¹ 1207 ).

(d) following the course of, secundum (flumen): lotar lasin sruth gó a bunad, Dinds. 52 ( BB 377a41 ). o indill Laeg in gae Aife / lesin t-ṡruth, TBC-LL¹ 2373 . is ann luidhes lasin mBoind sair, ZCP i 464.24 . rosnaid Osine in snaschur ┐ focheird e la sruth na tiprat co hAth na Feile, Dinds. 52 = BB 377a38 . ba sed comarc boi eturra, tomlacht na mbo do lecun lasin sruth, cor'bo find in glaisi in a ndocum, Dinds. 53 ( BB 378a38 ) = ra doírt . . . blegon . . . lasin ṅglassi, LL 169b53 . (cf. Ériu ii 22 , Keat. ii 226 . lasin sruth is represented in the first by: iarsan abaind, in the second by: ris an sruth, see FRI II).

(e) with, in the company of: conrobith i n-indocbáil la Crist `so that ye be in glory with Christ', Wb. 26a28 . attrab la Dia `to dwell with God', Ml. 92a9 . ciatasode lat ar écin `though thou keep her with thee perforce', Wb. 10a10 . nepproinde la geinti `of not dining with Gentiles', 19a10 . bes nobed nech aile leis ocind airchellad, Sg. 202a7 . bíad ind nim láad muindtirsiu `they shall be in heaven along with thy monks', Mon. Tall. 6 = fa re do mhuinntire si, Rule of Tallaght 40 . dubbert Pátricc cumtach du Fíacc . . . ┐ fácab morfeser lais dia muintir, Thes. ii 241.17 ( Ardm. 18a ). ainfa lib `I will tarry with you', Wb. 14a8 . corran célide libsi, 7a17 . congab iar suidiu i nDomnuch Féicc et baí and contorchartar tri fichit fer dia muintir lais and `after this he set up in D.D., and abode there until three score men of his community had fallen there beside him', Thes. ii 242.2 ( Ardm. 18a ). conna hacced nech leo hí that no one might see her with them, LL 260b13 ( LMU 11 ). In sense of alone . dob annamh thusa leat féin thou wert seldom alone, KMMisc. 346.8 . (see further Éigse viii 101 ). focal leis féin a word in its own right, a self-contained word (distinguished from a mere prefix such as comh- deagh-, etc.), IGT Introd. § 100 . See Celtica i 390 . In special sense: ni legend rollegusa la Petor `it is not a reading which I have read with Peter', Wb. 19a6 (cf. V (e) below). mosaithin aicce í / do lēigenn lē entrusted her to her to study with her, ACL iii 308 vi 9 .

(f) with , of mental relations and abstract qualities or notions; in some exx. assistance is implied: ls leu dorignius chomgnimu studivi innocentibus coniungi, Ml. 47a20 . socii .i. fodaimet immalle lium ón ┐ con dogailsegetar lium immalle dano `who endure along with me, and who also are sorrowful along with me', Ml. 87b17 . dia feidliged ires foirbthe leu, 136d2 . frithbruduth ointad la fírianu `refusal of oneness with the righteous', 76c4 . contísed P. do thoorund a luic lais, Thes. ii 242.7 ( Ardm. 18b ). gorb'é bés bfer nErenn beith leisan tí budh treisi to side with him who was strongest, Expugn. Hib. 74 . do thabhairt a lla baige leou, Ann. Conn. 52.12 . níl aoinfer ar in sgelsa leis, Rel. Celt. ii 293.28 . guidhim sibhsi fa beith lium uma cend I pray you to aid me concerning it, Fier. 96 . guidim sib fa cend beth lium im cach ní I beg you to side with me, 122 . With ellipse of verb: guidhim liom . . . / an chéad míle mairtíreach, Dán Dé xxv 62 . gā tarbha an béal do bheith lais / san inntinn ina éagmhais, xxii 20 . an lucht do-beir iad féin do shainnt an tsaoghail . . . óir saoilid go mairfeadh sin leó do shíor, TSh. 220. feib atré in mac bec atresat a gníma oclachais leis, TBC-LL¹ 985 . teid in ingen co n-ēgaīne moir lé dochum a hathar, RC vi 174.16 . scela lat hast thou news ? LU 7987 ( BDD 166 ). ZCP xiii 177.15 . dochóid F. lasin n-athesc sin F. went with that reply, LU 8099 ( FB 7 ). an teachtaire tig le haitheasgaib Dé, Dán Dé xiv 26 . an toisg lér chuirios iad the errand on which I sent them, ML 110.4 . abradh fris conā tardad gráin na hirfuath leis ina dochum, ACL iii 5.8 . cona gabur . . . e can fir De lais, Laws iv 294.20 . dá gcaitheam thú leis an toil if I consume Thee with (sinful) desire in my heart, Dán Dé xviii 10 . Also in spite of: ní léigfiom úainn . . . / le a bheirt . . . nglanmháilligh . . . / an sduaigh I will not let the chieftain go, for all his suit of polished mail, Ériu ix 164 § 17 .

(g) with, in custody of, at the disposal of; carried or worn by: fodord doib di dommatu ┐ dufuairthed ní leu forasaith din main, Ml. 97d10 . fáccab Áed aidacht la Conchad, Thes. ii 242.20 ( Ardm. 18b ). admuiniur in slánicid foracab dian cecht lia muintir, Thes. ii 249.9 . co lóg leu á fognama hiro-batar di mainib inna n-egiptacdae, Ml. 84c12 . mar aes mbraith . . . / cen scribenn lib, SR 3479 . gaisced lasin n-íngin, LU 4522 . claidib gelduirn léo, TBC-LL¹ 175 . is leis . . . frith escra na E., SR 3592 . ra leiced Fer loga . . . siar dia bliadna ┐ da gabair Conchobair leis, LL 13246 ( Sc.M² 20 ). doriacht Niall immach ┐ in indeoin cona cip lais, RC xxiv 194.6 . rofhóid . . . a gilla, ┐ a bréit allais lais, airm a mbói, PH 2193 . is amlaid tancatar, co slogu mora ┐ co n-ascadaib examla leo, LB 198b27 ( PH 6972 ). co n-imat piast . . . co mellaib dergaib umaide leo ina lámaib, PH 8312 . ni dlegait lōn leo for sét / . . . acht an ccéin rabhaitt amuigh / rī Érenn da bhfriothāilimh, ZCP viii 116 § 12. Common in this sense with beirid and do-beir (q.v.): an rí chondaigi hi foss / manimbera latt ní fogbai, Thes. ii 296 . iarsindí dunnucsat i ndoiri leu `after they had brought us into captivity with them', Ml. 92d1 . manimbera su latt if thou dost not carry me off, LL 260a43 ( LMU 9 ). do bert a chend ┐ a fodb lais, LU 5144. co ructáis a chend leo, TBC-LL¹ 1433.

(h) along with, and, in addition to, as well as: la cach cuimliucht ol chenae gl. hoc reliquis quoque commodis iungetur, Ml. 112c9 . ni lour in degforcitlaid maní be indithem leir . . . lasin `withal', 53c18 . tórmaig la cach maith dubir dúnni ar ṅglanad hua . . . chomroircnib gl. adde ad augmentum benignitatis tuae ut ab errore nos convertas, 105d4 . la sassad inna n-anmandae gl. et quod est amplius post expletionem . . . animantium, 129d16 . is airi nistabur la k ┐ q gl. h . . . aspirationis est magis nota, Sg. 4b13 . lasin ngutai inna degaid, 7b6 . co ndechatar [int sailm] mudhaigh hi tempal lasind canoin ol chena, Hib. Min. 7.210 (`they were lost in the Temple with the rest of the Canon', Strachan, RC xxviii 203 ). int[ṡ]ailim lasna noibscribhinna atarimim `I reckon the Psalms with the Sacred writings', Hib. Min. 3.75 . ataruirmiset la gerind `they have reckoned them (i.e. participles) with the gerund', Sg. 188a1 . biit remsuidigthi uaraib cen briathra leo, 215a6 (cf. friu in similar sense, 5). sens magis ┐ posit leiss `the sense of magis and with it the positive', 39a29 . atá dechor n-aimsire hi suidib la cumscugud coibedne, gl. etiam in prima persona habent differentias temporum, 146b15 . da cet mile . . . / la tri cethair cethrachat, SR 116 . tricha lathi . . . / la dech n-úara ┐ lethuar, 225 . immon Michil lasin crosfigill so, immon Muiri lasind crosfigell n-aile, Mon. Tall. 28 . masui dina[i]p Psalmaibh [in tituil] cid arna gabtair leu ? Minip dinaib psalmaib, cid ar[a]scriphthair leu?, Hib. Min. 7.230 . gaibti seom tra teora biadi ┐ magnificat la cach naí, Mon. Tall. 5 . ronbiat da tír lar tír we shall have two countries in addition to our own, Ériu iii 136.44 . bennacht fort . . . la céol nimhe deit dara éisi, BNnÉ 92 § 202 . co ndechaid [in rí] docum ithfrinn . . . la dilsi a thire do Senán ó sin amach, Lism. L. 2328 . condasloic . . . lasa loim gabais asind lestur swallowed her along with the draught, LU 10652 . atat sin sin duma . . . / iii. meic ríg . . . / la tri ingena, 2866 . See also s.v. taeb (la, fri, t.). In leiss (etc.) also; either : ind indocbál doratad do Crist condartar dúnni less gl. coheredes autem Christi, si tamen compatimus ut et simul glorificemur Wb. 4a18 is possibly an early ex. of this (cf. ZCP xvii 223 ). sine é sin ná tusa ┐ na mise leis, Celt. Rev. ix 142.25 (text and MS. late). rachaidh leis féin ar foghuil / raghaidh leis le féin bhFuinidh will go also, Bard. Synt. Tr. 8.10 . lais in this meaning forbidden, ibid. ? ré bliadhna ┐ beagán lais, TD 15.10 .

(i) with, assisting, on behalf of: ar debaid . . . leis fri Senach, LU 3342 ( SCC 13 ). dena ernuighthi leamsa curab reidh dham dhul, Lism. L. 1560 (= ora pro me, Lat. Lives 82 ). ro ghabh B. pater leis, Lism. L. 1566 (= orante B. pro eo, Lat. Lives 82 ).

II Of temporal relations.

(a) Marking point of time, coincidence of occurrence or action. Of point of time: is gnád bróen . . . oca turcbáil ┐ lia fuined, BCr. 18c2 . dognisom ind figild la matain `he performs the vigil at matins', Mon. Tall. 30 (= ar maidin, Rule of Tallaght 96a ). la turcbáil ṅgréne at dawn, TBC-LL¹ 634 . la fuinead ṅgréne, Ériu iv 138.24 . PH 5108. la fescor, PH 1699 . ro imthig reme la doshoillsi na maitne, Grail 1324 . ni tigdis acht le deghdil (= dedail) laoi nó le tosach seachdmuine, ZCP x 291.16 . Cf. la linn (3 linn). Of actions: cóichet na heichsi a gilli for se la fegad co andíaraid fair, LU 8522 ( FB 38 ). la fuirmed in mátan fair, LU 8545 ( FB 40 ). gairfitit . . . le guth a Dūileman (sic leg.), ZCP viii 212.22 . adbered-seom iarum la déicsiu in chuaich . . ., Ériu i 46.11 . tinoilis T. a muintir . . . fo cetoir la hairiugud Cesair cuige, CCath. 3735 . forba ┐ crich do dul for in forbunn rechtaide la tuidecht soscela, PH 3450 . rogab . . . imecla Sir Persaual la faicsin inn eich, Grail 1974 . Freq. in la sin and esp. la sodain with that, immediately, thereupon : dofeccai secha a gabuir . . . lasin donic in gabuir chuci, LL 14155 ( RC iii 184 ). See 1 sin. colláa th'ais tra ol sesem . . . La sodoin fochedoir slechtais C., Mon. Tall. 7 . la sodain téit úad, LU 6100 . ni thó or seiseom. La sodain focheird bedg cuce, LL 260a41 ( LMU 9 ). See 1 suide. Note also: cani du pater fothrí lase thereat, Thes. ii 249.3 . leis sin thereupon, TSh. 364.

(b) This sense sometimes merges into that of III (a); cucut . . . thánac do nim / la forngairi De, SR 1696 . luid for muir . . . lá forcongra Pátraic, Trip.² 2633 . do choid ass . . . in draicc iar sin la brethir in apstail, PH 2505 (cf. soithis A. fri brēithir a mathar, Cáin Ad. 8 . issí . . . rotathbēogadh . . . fri brathair nA., 10 ). rofacsat i n-aenla i la clois[t]eacht Cesair amain `merely on hearing of C.', CCath. 815 . ro eirigh an ben iar sin lé haithne Maodócc `at the command of M.', BNnÉ 218.28 . attracht in duine . . . la cloisteacht in sceōil `on hearing the story', Fl. Earls 194.1 . Cf. VI (b).

(c) during : dogéna sibh an caiscc si mara ndernabhair hí leisna secht mbliadnaibh ele si, BNnÉ 70 § 116 . ni lamar la graifne in gáid / élud, aithne, athgabáil, Metr. Dinds. iii 18.223 . lé ló in his time Content. ii 15 (cf. réd lá, xxiii 4 . rem lá, ACL iii 304.20 ). le haimsir, Párl. na mB. 17 . This use seems confined to later texts and is probably derived from FRI IX (b) q.v.

III

(a) on account of, because of, by reason of (see also II (b) last para., and FRI IV (b)): ní aicci ní lia mescai `he sees nothing for his drunkenness', Ml. 94c3 . gabail mo gotha dim la mméit inna nimned forodamar, Ml. 95d13 . ingnad lesom cutuim doib lammeit inna soinmige hirobatar, Ml. 91c19 . co mbo nem tened indala leth dind rígthig lasna claidbiu ┐ la fáebra na ngái, LU 8202 ( FB 15 ). lasin siabrad ro síabrad immi, LU 9143 ( FB 88 ). ce do faidsad snathat for lar . . . rocluinfide lasin tuí imbítis, LL 12557 ( Ériu iv 30 ). co mboi C. oc sirchuí lásin ngolltraighes, RC vi 183.16 . ba failid lais labra fris la somillsi a indsci, Grail 2187 . gu ro facsat sruithi . . . a n-istuda . . . la homun Cesair, CCath. 772 . ba huathad ro ela dib la f[a]ebra ┐ tennti ┐ biasta what with blades and fires and wild animals, few of them escaped, PH 6326 . le [a] mhéd rachas da ríodhún / a n-íobha slógh mear Mumhan / budh hól gan fear n-ealudhan, Ériu v 54.30 . Cf. II (b). ar ecla Chuind ┐ la hecla rīg Ulad, ZCP viii 274.25 . techit la crith ┐ omon Meic C., LU 7237 `with trembling and terror of Mac C. they flee', BDD 90 . tobur nach etir le duine . . . d'ol lea ḟuaire a ló ┐ lena thes a n-oidhchi, Maund. 136 . ní caomhnactar a feughadh . . . leis na ruithnibh diághadha, ZCP v 495.z . le na fad liumsa co faca tusa anocht, docuadhus . . . gut' iaraid, ZCP vi 66.21 . ni cumgat ni la Mac nDe, Anecd. iii 55.27 . nir ḟētsat in tech d'fāgbāil la daingne an iadhtha bái fair, Irish Texts i 42.10 . níorbh iongnadh le méad a sluaig ar ngéill do Chian it was no wonder we submitted to C., considering the size of his army, Ériu i 93.18 . tic la egsamlacht an inaid . . . examlacht an blassa (o, a, v.l.), Ir. Astr. Tr. 40.11 .

(b) In the following exx. the notions of purpose and instrument are more prominent; through the agency of, by means of: in tan scaras fria thola leo `when by means of them he separates from his desires', Thes. ii 247.7 (Cambr. Hom.). am dechaid a trian sin la bruith `when that third had boiled away', Mon. Tall. 52 . dolduid bannan bec bec as lasind fascad fottai `by reason of the long squeezing', 61 . rogabtha a cossae cona dernae figild rée mor ria necaib lasind forcrid dorigni dia naild, 34 (= ar an iomarcaigh dorighne se cheana, Rule of Tallaght 103 ). Cf. nombeir fort muin connesbiur dich latt take me on thy back that I may get (lit. drink) a drink with (by means of?) thee, RC x 214.z . gach paiter dar gabus riam lesin mbelsin, PH 7339 . is í so in t-ochtmad plág lér buail Dia Faró, 7653 . gach ní at-chluinim leis an gcluais, Dán Dé ix 6 . in spreid la ndíngned nech a bethugud, PH 7526 . clann do dhénuimh . . . dhi / le féghuin an éoin eile, IGT Decl. ex. 496 (= ar fēgad, ACL iii 238 ). rostad a n-éisg doníd ar chlochaib leisan grēin, Maund. 49 . maothuighthear í . . . le fothrogadh fola do thabhairt dí, Mac Aingil 306 . dogheba sibh . . . soinean maith le ffaicfe sibh an t-oilén so, BNnÉ 74.9 . geas do bhí ar an sleigh sin . . . gan bainéacht do dhéanamh lé, Keat. ii 4390 . an t-urchar . . . ler thuit morbhar G., Rel. Celt. ii 194.13 . ag gáire le guth mór, Dán Dé xxix 5 (cf. ro nuall o guth mor, PH 2898 = do éigh do ghuth ard, Matthew xxvii 46 ). Of persons: dochotar martra la heachtrandu, YBL 12a28 . ata Muma lais i ssíd through him M. is at peace, LL 19073 . tairthe na bhfeadh leat do lúb, L. Cl. A. B. 234.6 . Cf. II (b).

(c) Of accompanying circumstance or condition; contemporary action: nach comai[r]le . . . dognither la fortach[t] Dae is bithsuthin adae, Ml. 51b28 . ar bá fio factus sum dogéni prius; suffio sufiui immurgu la cumscugud n-inne, Sg. 185b4 . ní choímnacair a fogbail lá doirchi na aidchi, Trip.² 1446 (126) . focheird deit chubus . . . la slemni `send him away from thy confession gently', Mon. Tall. 2 . a mesrugud do neuch tra buddesin la eolus ind fita, 63 . ni aurcail dano laisiom do neoch cid chodala a lórtid acht rop la forcomet na trade colleir `provided that he diligently observe the hours', 82 . praind do tomailt la marb hi tig to eat a meal whilst in a house where there is a dead man, 65 . dá ndeach le bás mbeannaighthe, Studies 1918, 282 § 16 . isin rainn is nesam do dochuaidh la cundtabairt he goes (lit. has gone) to the next division to it by reason of the doubt, Laws iv 192.7. Comm . do-chúaidh an gort san choll go ndearna an tsoil .g. aris de la a bheith bog na choll chumuisg (i.e. g + c = cc but s + cc = sg), IGT Introd. § 30 . gan duine . . . do dol faoi . . . acht le custam do dhīol, Fl. Earls 90.4 . caith le daondacht a bhfoighe, O'Gr. Cat. 29.5 . dochuir urnaighthe diochra go Dia . . . gidh edh nir treicc . . . a troim-easlainte leissin hé for all that, BNnÉ 275 § 257 . Cf. la dēcim felmac (.i. is amlaid ataciim conid mac foglamma) `according to what I see (he is only) a pupil' RC xxvi 14.12 . ( Rawl. 108a5 .)

(d) Expressing purpose with follg. vn.: lé a congbháil ó fhéin fhuinidh `to guard it', TD 10.16 . ní le rádh uirre is iomdha (of Jerusalem), 17.25 . la furtacht d'faghail in order to get help, Stair Erc. 78 . ar an leabhar . . . noch atā le taisbēanadh, Párl. na mB. 133 .

IV Expressing agency by, by the hands of, by direction or order of.

(a) With pass. verb. dogéntar aidchumtach tempuil less, Wb. 26a8 . congabtis gabala linn, 19a4 . a molad . . . lúaidfidir láedib limmsa `it will be sung in lays by me', Thes. ii 295.7 (Cod. S. Pauli). indí lassandenatar inna cumtach `those by whom the ornamentations are made', Ml. 84a11 . gabthe dunad les fris `a camp was pitched by him (Saul) against him (David)' Ml. 55c1 . dichossecrad inna cathrach conrotacht la duaid `of the consecration of the city that was built by David', 48d27 . conoscaighther du scath immut la cumscugud inna grene gl. sicut umbra corpus sequitur et conversionibus solis inflectitur, 118c12 . amal asrobrad leusom, Ml. 37b24 . oroit ar Thurcain lasandernad in [c]hrossa, Thes. ii 289.5 . oroit . . . do Flaund . . . do rig Herenn lasandernad a cumddachso (i.e. to whose order?), 11 . ised canir leisim, Mon. Tall. 131.11 . rothinolad lais . . ./ na fuair frisna secht ṁbliadnaib, SR 3393 . díaro sáertha na mná la Adomnan ┐ la Fínnachta Fledach, la ríg nÉrend, ┐ la mathib hErend ar chena, LU 2258 ( FA 32 ). do toglad in dun la Coin Culaind, RC vi 184.28 . Tigernmas . . . / leis ro berbad . . . méin óir a tús i nHerind, LL 2046 (cf. is aciside doronta ilbrechta i n-étaigib, 2037 ). darónad urgnam bíd ┐ lenna leo, TBC-LL¹ 811 . ro alt la Conchobar, LL 260a11 ( LMU 6 ). C. . . . lasrachētgabtha comgni, ZCP viii 303.1 . rohailed in mac sin la Cathbad, RC vi 178.129 . Marchelli din . . . is lais do-ronad leiges in abbad, PH 555 . gabthar Ailill la hÉ., RC xxiv 186.2 . a chlár . . . ler cabhradh cách, DDána 2.6 . Sometimes with ellipsis of the verb: ni do chach la Meidb in lind dálter for Fer ṁbáeth, TBC-LL¹ 2167 = ni do chách berar la Meidb, TBC St. 1926 . lechtain le Pedar / isan offrend ard uasal the lectio was introduced by Peter, ZCP viii 115 § 31. Frequ. with impersonal forms of intransitive verbs: dutiagar leu du failti fris[i]n ríg, Ml. 116b5 . dochuas (docuas v.l.) limsa chuici I went to it, Ériu iv 134.11 . cid fa bfuilter damsa lib what do you want from me, TBC-LL¹ 2261 . sciobadh na miasa . . . is trialltar leo tar sleasaibh an mhúir amach, Keat. iii 1012 .

(b) Denoting agent after vn. or an appellative so used: tri óenpheccad la Adam, Wb. 3a5 which could also be rendered one sin of Adam's. Cf. VI (a). conaroib diupart neich lelele `so that there be no defrauding of one by another', 16c24 . connabí asse a aicsin leu `so that it is not easy for him to be seen by them', Ml. 116a1 . Cf. cid fodruair latsu . . . mo dímiadsa fiad andrib, LU 3901 ( SCC 41 ). ba ferr a comaitecht . . . oldaas a tuitim la náimtiu, LL 260b33 (Lg). dogniat nuallguba . . . ic a riagad la drungu demnu, PH 8316 . cúirt . . . ag a cor suass lesin diūc, Fl. Earls 78.35 . Here may be assigned the type: ni sí ar sercc less `that is not the love He hath for us', Wb. 4b16 . méit for serc lemsa, 14d16 . Cf. 23a27 , 25a27 , 27d8 . ara seirc lind because I am so fond of her, Fing. R. 392.

(c) Denoting agent after active verb, at the hands of: cutrummae neich forodamair som leu `the same measure as he had suffered at their hands', Ml. 54b28 . Cf. maided fair lib `let him be routed by you', Wb. 7a4 . rombith lat . . . a lestar give me the vessel, Irish Texts i 11.2 . cach la tan ba leo. tan aile ba forro, LU 223 . co torchair .l. leis cona ḟiaclaib, LL 14054 ( RC iii 181 ). fuair bás na chomland chatha / la D., Arch. Hib. ii 85 § 41 . dáig ni bam béo meni thaeth cara nó náma limm, TBC-LL¹ 669 . táet a bás lim, 907 . mad dia tóetsad latt, 2088 . E. lastorchair C., ZCP viii 302.20 . tuitfe tú liomsa, Duan. F. ii 256 § 31 . is lais tra forodamair in martrasa, lasin forcongarthid . . . Datianus, PH 1109 . o atchualaid tra Dioclian . . . in bisech bui for in cristaigecht lais (i.e. Paphnutius), 539 .

(d) With neg. vb. denoting preventive agent: mainbad tairbad bāis . . . / lem ni bud fien cen dīgail, Fianaig. 10.18 .

V In at, among, with (apud, chez, bei).

(a) Of locality or population-group: ucc domnuch mar criathar la auu censelich in Uí Ch. Thes. ii 241.6 ( Ardm. 18a ). la laigniu `in Leinster', Thes. 241.16 (ibid.). Raith Cathbaid .i. la Cruithintuaith Raith C. in the country of the Picts, RC vi 175.38 . Cf. la di[a]mair a inchlidi som gl. apud arcanum virtutis suae, Ml. 53a5 . nach loinges roḟitir E. la hEirind, Ériu iii 138.103 . érlamae Cille F. la Áu Amalgada, Trip.² 1540 . Mag Ṡeired la Tethba. Mag Tochair i Tir Eogain, LL 626 . Ui A. la Muaidh `on the Moy', Hy Fiach. 4. Cf. nach namae ro bói lia n-athir `any enemy that their father had', Ml. 127b2 . is de atā Trāig Ési la hUltu, Ériu i 118.35 . Crimthann la Hū Maine, ACL iii 308 § vi 1 . la hErinn huili throughout Ireland, RC iii 345.6 .

(b) Referring to persons or peoples generally: bat he berte bretha lib `let it be them who give judgements among you', Wb. 9c12 . lia muntair `among his household', Ml. 71c16 . no cainte tobchetal leusom hi tosuch cech mís, 102c8 (or to be referred to IV (a)?). rechtga[e] ríg amail rongab rechtga[e] righ Caisil la Mumain, Críth G. 520 . in Cú ro chúalammár la hUltu, LU 4832 . mad me bad chend athchomairc laisna Déisib, Ériu iii 140.184 . máethmaccáem co n-gabh armu lind, TBC-LL¹ 1249 . is hē ba tuaircnid flatha la Fiachaig, ZCP viii 317.18 . da ech bas ḟerr la Connachta `the best pair of horses to be found with the C.' LL 13031 ( Sc.M² 2 ). is é cétna ro gabh in ceim sin la Romhanchu `the first to obtain that rank among the Romans', CCath. 77 . do mheaduigh cert lem gach lá, Rel. Celt. ii 240.y .

(c) in, amongst, with, of customs and usages, corresponding to in, amongst, with , in such phrases as in Virgil, in Shakespeare, (it is the custom) in France or amongst the French, (it is a custom) with him; in the days of (cf. VI (d) below): intí lasmbi ind encae . . . intí bís isind encae (sic), Ml. 24a19 . file athir leíss `that he has a father', Sg. 29b12 . ní áis aeccalsa ata brithemin lib, Wb. 9c7 . lebedan .i. ised ainm forán la ezechiál `Leviathan, that is Pharaoh's name in Ezechiel', Ml. 93b7 . do thintud in suin ebraidi sluindes . . . ilintliuchtu la ebreu, 37a10 . dundgniat ind filid linni, 26b10 . briathra āildi la cechtar de frialaile, 31a24 . is la grecu atā a ndliged sin, Sg. 95b1 . dund lathar fil la Dia ocar nditin ni `to the purpose which is with God in protecting us' Ml. 103d27 . nad fel dliged remcaissen la Dia, Ml. 27d10 . mascul la baedam són immurgu `this however, is masculine in Baeda', Sg. 124b6 . arecar forṅgarthaid sechmadachti la Grécu gl. apud Graecos etiam praeteriti temporis sunt imperativa, Sg. 147b6 . ind interiecht nad rann insce la Grecu, 26b6 . cit comsuidigthi la Grecu ní ecen dunni beta comsuidigthi linn, 207b11 . aní as nomen lasna littridi aili is cognomen són la Priscien, 28a18 . is follus nach mór bríg articuil linni, 26b3 .

Very frequently in Laws i n phrase la Féine (Féniu) (frequently abbreviated lā) according to (the custom of) the F.: cis lir fodlai fine la Feine?, Laws iv 282.10 ( SM Facs. 3b ). atait tri comurba la Feine nis comsaer a cuir, Laws iii 46.18 . atait secht cella la Feine, na dlegad dire na dicubus, v 118.1 . dichenglaiter cach chor cen raith fine la Feine, iv 206.z . is [s]ruithiu la Feine in foesam andsen óldas a tir as a tairidnither, 9 ( Ériu xvii 64 § 3 ). Note further: ní heclas, acht ūam latrand ┐ tādat a hainm la Crīst, Ériu i 219.z . ar is fern laisin laidneoir ┐ u laisin Gāidel, ZCP viii 107.3 . ni facai . . . tuaslucud for selind n-imbe la muindtir Máolrúoin, Mon. Tall. 22 . atat tri altai leusom for ind gabail, 33 . ni fogni laisim fachmarc scel dóib `it is not his usage to ask them for news' 2 (see fo-gní). ba sollamain gresach la maccu Israel in sollamain-sea in Cengcaigis, PH 5417 . is meinic leis na hoideadha techt . . . do lathair na ndaltadha, RC xxix 110.x .

(d) Various: is bés leosom in daim do thúarcain ind arbe Wb. 10d6 . is bes leusom torand hi tempul delbae inna rig, Ml. 65c16 . ba lugae leu in sin gl. per . . . exempla iurabant, 118c5 . ba bés leu . . . ferthain ind óenaig, LU 3230 ( SCC 2 ). as breth la F. leth diri gach graid tuaithe for a mnai, Laws iv 306.17 . In the opinion of, according to: issi a bríg liumsa atechtae som huaim amal ni confessin etir I care no more about their going from me than if etc., Ml. 117d4 . ba bibdu báis leusom intí nád imdibthe, Wb. 1d15 . is cert a míad linn do beith-siu etrainn we deem it a sufficient honour, Mer. Uil. 49. See dar.

(e) from, at the hands of: gabais caille la patricc took the veil from P. (i.e. was professed by P.), Thes. ii 238.16 ( Ardm. 17a2 ). rotbia less lóg do daggníma, Wb. 6a11 . rotbia limm airmitiu intslóig, SR 3353 . nanní asbertisom frisom . . . ba ed a frecrae adi lesom `whatever they used to say to him that was the answer to them that he had', Ml. 62c13 . ba hísin tochuiridh Patraic leo the invitation they had for P., Dinds. 68 . in eitchi connaigh, nī sunn atā dhó acht a Clūain mic Nois ┐ la Ciarán, ACL iii 4.35 . amail rochualatar som lassin faith commad tria chumachta na hingine rogebtais tír, Ériu iii 138.80 . ro chuala la nech legas libru I have heard from one who studies books, LL 19060 ( Misc. Hib. 17 § 1 ). cia hairm ita in chleth, cluinem lat, Rawl. 84a21 . rot bia tír lind cen chís cen biathad, Ériu iii 140.168 . dia mbui Crist hi croich la hIúdaigib, PH 671 . rodbē a lūagh la Dia `may God reward you for it', Ériu i 46.27 . cīa lóg rombīa latt ar a fagbāil what reward shall I have from thee? ZCP iv 44.5 ( TBFr. 23 ). Cf. further: luid C. do forceatal gaiscid la Scāthaig . . . ilLetha, Ériu i 114.3 (cf. Wb. 19a10 cited under I (e) above). tathum cech maith la Gūaire, Ériu ii 16.13 . cía fogaba mōrchennsa / lassin dūilem īar ndola, BColm. 98.8 .

(f) The following also are most simply explained as developments of the sense with, amongst, at ; exx. of the types cited are very numerous in Old-Ir. glosses: trachtad lesom anisiu this is his commentary, Ml. 74c9 . cosmuilius aile lessom in so this is another of his similes, Wb. 10d14 . cosmuilius roisc anísiu lessom, 12c10 . canoin centrachtad in so lessom (of a verse without commentary), Ml. 132c6 . analogia laissem anisiu do thaidbse cheille `he has here an analogy to shew the sense', Sg. 149b4 . Cf. forsani as corda trachtad (dtrachtid, MS) lesom anisiu, Ml. 53a1 .

(g) according to, in the opinion of in phrases with copula: ished aperficere lessom (to do) this he deems perficere, Wb. 3d5 . is peccad diabul lesom he considers it a double sin, Ml. 97d10 . issí ind inducbal lesom in molad, 126b17 . arathis leusom anintamail fria ndeu `they deem it as a reproach', 138c10 . This construction very common at all periods to indicate possession of opinion, notion, feeling, desire, impulse, etc. The predicate can be (i) a noun, or (ii) an adjective. (i) iscían ós accobor lemm farríchtu I have long desired to come to you, Wb. 7a3 . intí lasinformat maith dodegdoinib, Ml. 129b3 . is machdad limm, Sg. 6a4 . cid as mó miscais lat atchí, IT i 81.18 . cach ní ba tol libse, PH 637. (ii) robu maith leu they would have liked, Ml. 105b8 . aní asmaith ladia doguidi, Wb. 4b4 . condib sain . . . linn, Tur. 86 . an robo dech leó dona tri coectaib ingen, LU 8724 ( FB 54 ). ba holc le anisin, RC xxiv 192.21 . amal ba lór leo, PH 3300. Common with menma: bá maith lais a menma, IT i 257.5 . See menmarc. See also dar. With certain predicates the meaning is more concrete, see doich, étir, mebair, etc.

VI Denoting possession, ownership, etc.

(a) attá x la y y has x (cf. oc IV (b)): nistá leo leth docoiset they have nowhere to go, Mon. Tall. 128.10 . robadar cethtri cridiscél liomsae `I have had', 136.19 . See also 144.28 , 130.1 , 135.19 , 135.28 , 148.20 . boí fled . . . la B. do Ch. B. had a feast (prepared) for C., LU 8041 ( FB 1 ). itá a rigan la cach ríg sund has with him, TBC-I¹ 190 . in filet scéla lib?, ZCP viii 318.20 . tresin ceird toṡuigthi fil lib, LL 13770 . mór na tiorchanta atá lionn, TD 27.30 . In St. Ercuil common in archaisms (see Introd.); elsewhere replaced by attá . . . oc . . . Cf. an lá nocha liom do bhí it was not my lucky day(?), Aithd. D. 47.1 .

(b) x la y y has x (perh. as (a) with ellipse of subst. vb.): ceist limm dúib, Wb. 19b7 . óenchoimdiu lib `one Lord have ye', 22d7 . sainred n-eulais leu, Ml. 37b12 . As subordinate clause: ho ro mmoidisom cumachte less that he had power, Wb. 17a12 . is torbach do popul flaith firian leu it is profitable to the people to have a righteous prince, Ml. 90b11 . conrubaidh fri m'enech gin mháthair nó athair lium (.i. agum), ZCP v 523 . Of personal attributes: rosc nglan . . . lais, LU 7078 ( BDD 75 ). berrtha lethna leo, TBC-LL¹ 181. Of relatives: da brathair limm, TBC-LL¹ 50 . E. . . . oenmac leis, Rawl. 148a5 . ni fess celi le, IT i 139.26 = nácon fes céle for a seilb, LU 10606. Various: de[i]ch mbaí lais, Laws iv 306.x . breithemnus dogrés la clandaib L., Críth G. 133 . leth in tigi . . . la Connachta the men of C. occupied, Sc.M² 5 . rob tusa lemsa / rob misi latsa, Ériu ii 89 § 4 (see Éigse x 46 ).

(c) is la x y x owns, possesses y, y belongs to x (also with ellipse of copula. See Éigse x 45 - 8 ): ní lanech huáin alaile, Wb. 6b20 . commimis less huili, 21 . leissom a tech, 33a2 . amal ata les inna nert, Ml. 108c11 . á aii .i. comtis les gl. uoluerit eos suos uocari, 92c10 . is limsa in cauradmir, LU 8974 ( FB 73 ). A. . . . ba leis ind Hériu, LL 14786 . latsu na rucais, PH 3217 . bud le a maccaibsi a cuit de, Laws iv 46.3 Comm . diamtis lat, LU 3310 ( SCC 11 ).

In extended meaning x has a right to (do) y: ni limsa superedificare it is not for me to, etc., Wb. 8c17 . is la B. tocht isan cath it is B's part to go into battle, RC xxiv 194.24 . riaguil proinntige . . . ní linni a rád it is not for us to fix the rules of the refectory, ZCP xiii 27.21 . is liomsa a chogar ó chiort I have a right to be heard by him, DDána 121.33 . Note also: in let / dál dia fuair doirthe dost thou know why? Metr. Dinds. iii 412. 27 . do ba leam ise d'aithmhealladh it was in my power to, Aithd. D. 89.32 . imtheachd . . . is é bhus libh, DDána 26.3 .

(d) Phrase x la y as adjectival complement of a noun: petta sindaig la rig L. a pet belonging to, IT i 46.22 . dorime an mac aite ile lasin n-athair many places belonging to (that many places belong to?), Anecd. i 51 § 3 . E., cathair . . . lé hEoin, Maund. 31 . go baile le diūc de L., Fl. Earls 74.28 . Cf. Créd la Marcán, Anecd. i. 7.14 .

Personal forms used reflexively: atdubelliub lemm, Wb. 7a4 . décce lat corintiu, 10c20 . atreba leiss possesses, Sg. 33a1 , 4 . addella leis tech[t] do thig filed N., Otia ii 86.2 . faichle lat atair mo thairbhse, BB 384b36 ( Dinds. 66 ). Áth Chliath fégaid lib, Metr. Dinds. iii 100.1 . finta lat in ranic ní Fer baeth, TBC-LL¹ 2198 . an fitir lat?, YBL 13a24 ( Snedg. u. Mac R 46 ). imthigid don halla leó féin, Maund. 203. áirimh leat, Content. v. 71 . tiomsaigh leat, TD 2.5 . See Duan. F. iii 75 n ., Celtica i 390 .

Idiomatic uses with verbs, nouns and adjectives are given under the words concerned.

In later lang. 3 s. n. leis as adv. visible, uncovered : ná léig leis do bhrághaid bhán do not expose, Dánta Gr. 26.7 . a n-aighthe ┐ gach ní do bhí leis díobh all that was uncovered. Beatha S. F. 2347 . leigmíd ár mbrollach . . . leis, Párl. na mB. 562 . ? duit ó nach léis na lomróid, Rel. Celt. ii 298.26 . (Earlier ris, see Duan. Finn., Éigse ix 227 , fri IX (f)).