io, n. Later also with dental infl. arra m. IGT Decl. § 2 . Vn. of ar-ren. For form and meaning see Binchy, Ériu xix p. 51 - 53 .

(a) act of paying something on behalf of another or in place of something else; payment: trī dīrna do argat a.¤ ar teorae ferbai fīrae, Corm. Y 585 `three stone(?) of silver [as] compensation for three white cows', Binchy loc. cit. (cf. Corm. Y 811 and Ériu xiii 48.28 ). ? in trin don arra uil isin coirpdire, Laws i 250.4 Comm. arra .i. er a luagh .i. luach bess mó, O'Dav. 29 . a.¤ .i. eric, 80 . arra .i. luach . . . ┐ adeir a Trecin (leg. Trecheng) Breth: . . . dul do chennach cen airrchi, Ériu xiii 62 § 7 ( Triads 74 ). a.¤ .i. íc, ut est i Cath Mhaighi Tuiredh, ni rabadar fir Erenn ac a.¤ in chísa géin ro mhair Lugh, § 8. tancus o righ R. . . . do cuingidh arrad co S. Doraidh S. . . . nach biath fo chis do righ talmanda, Lism. L. 2088 . a.¤ .i. fiacha, ut est; gabtar a.¤ do lámhaibh feicheman, Ériu xiii 62 § 9 . ? a naradhaibh a ghaisgidhe, RC x 338.17 ( airigidh, TBC-LL¹ 3155 ) = ina airigid gaiseid, 337.x (see 1 airigid).

(b) object or class of objects which has been stipulated for in `consideration' of a contract or in settlement of a debt: a meic ara feiser fiachu masria, aen arra i leth cumail, Laws iii 150.12 . ruidles eneclainni do rigaib in taen arra airgid, 150.y Comm. in set ro recfadh duine ┐ ni fagabar in tarra ro gellastair da cinn, a seoit d'aisic do, O'Curry 279 ( H 3.18, 151 ). da trian d'arraib and ┐ aen trian d'anarraib, O'Curry 904 ( H 3.18, 401 ). In phrase fo-reith arra anarra `a non-`a.¤' represents (i.e. may be substituted for) an `a.¤'' (Binchy loc. cit.), see anarra. arra .i. geall, ut dicitur: isé arra ro ghabhus frim fíachaibh .i. lógh secht cumal do mairbhdílib, Ériu xiii 62 § 6 . mo c[h]orn ōir . . . / timnaim, ga hūaisle arra / do shaoradh m'anma ar olcaibh, RC xxxvii 352 § 5 . Hence of valuable objects in general chattels, ware, merchandise (see 2 errad): trí mairg déag do dháilis damh / re taobh t'éadaigh is t'arradh `small wares' (recompense to a poet), Magauran 2389 . brēc a māini 'sa medha / brēc a ōr 'sa arrada, ACL iii 239 § 17 . gidh bé arra iarroid soin / do-bearar leis do láthoir `whatever article the buyers ask', Aithd. D. 46.17 . tusa fear iarrtha ar n-arra `thou art the seeker of our wares', 19 . bhar gcuirn bláithe is bhar mbrannaimh / cuimhnighthior do chéadarraibh, DDána 74.48 . foireann brannaimh bile bhadhba / d'arraibh tighe in Daghdha dōibh from the valuables, O'R. Poems 3597 . dob é in droch-arra 'ar ndéchoin `how paltry when one had inspected him his value was', O'Gr. Cat. 440.6 . ní reacfa tú í ar énchor ar airgiod, ní dhéna tú arradh dhi (of the captive concubine who is sent away) `merchandise', Deuteronomy xxi 14 . Cf. mar nach fúaras arruid ar fhís 'as I found no substitute for [the] vision' Ériu xxi 116 § 4 .

(c) In legal contexts of the number of oath-helpers required by a person who was debarred from leading proof himself (also a.¤ cuir): caide cor? tricha fear; caide a.¤ cuir? coic fir dec, O'Curry 347 ( H 3.18, 192a ). is e méd an arra cuir .i. is e dligar lanarra na heisinnraice do reir coir: tri fichit fer do martra .i. diablad lanarra na heisinnraice this is the amount of the `a.¤ cuir' i.e. this is what is required, a full `a.¤' of `unworthiness' according to legality, sixty men to swear at the grave of a martyr i.e. the doubling of the full `a.¤' of `unworthiness', Cóic Con. 67.27 . airi forgill medonach no aire forgill is taire air[e] forgill in lethḟira in letharra, in lanfira ┐ in lanarra i.e. the middle a.¤ f. compensates by oath in the full a.¤ and half a.¤ , 38 § 52. is iat na tri arra antesta i.e. these are the three whose oath compensates for one disqualified from testifying, 40.2 . arra cuir o mnai eisinnric, Laws v 454.15 Comm. ma étged no anfes lethfiach ind ┐ arra cuir as n-étged ┐ as n-anfes, Cáin Ad. 35 . ma isli boaire is arra cuir aire; ma boaire do fine nach aile a luighi nama. O'Curry 2591 ( Eg. 88, 50 (51)b ). in lethfir testa ┐ in letharra antesta, 333 (H 3.18, 183). is arra cuir o antest ┐ fir testa o teist, 2003 (H 4.22, 30). is e lan arra na cairdi dias, Laws iii 134.10 Comm. a sena . . . é féin co lucht a leitharra, 108.23 Comm. a sena . . . go lucht a lanfira no a leithfira, ma inraic, no cu lucht a lanarra no a letharra mas eisinnraic, O'D. 2330 ( Rawl. B 506, 35c ). ? Hence: arra .i. tuarusdal ut est sena in arra .i. an tuarusdail, O'Curry 570 ( H 3.18, 284 ). testaigidh in esindraic a ruib co lucht a lanarrad no letharrad . . . masa tuarustal doniat, denat co lucht a fira for robaib na indraici ┐ co lucht a tuarastail, O'Curry 346 ( H 3.18, 191 c).

(d) In ecclesiastical contexts penitential commutation (substitution of a shorter and usually more intensive discipline for the normal penance prescribed by canonical or monastic rules): dona harraib ind so, title of a tract, Ériu xix 58 . a.¤ n-aill tri coicat cach læa, 58 § 2. arre ndubthroischthe, 60 § 11. iss ed . . . a n-arre tri coicait salm, 64 § 25. iss edh cethardae . . . ara ndentar na a.¤ , 58 § 6. ata dechor . . . etar na arre, 60 § 7. is a.¤ secht ṅoiffernn i.e. to recite the whole poem is equivalent in merit to hearing Mass seven times, Fél. Ep. 177 . is a.¤ trí tredan, 186 . arre troisccthe la diarmait da fítt chert chutrume . . . ┐ inddala hí do tabirt do día. Araile do tomailt fadein `as an equivalent for fasting D. used to allow two exactly equal rations to be made, and one of these to be given to God; the other he was to eat himself', Mon. Tall. 161.8 (§ 80) . dí biait déc arra na tri coicat, LB 10a40 `twelve recitations (of psalm cxix = cxviii) are a substitute for one recitation of the whole Psalter', Plummer MS notes. dub-throscuth inna medon nó arra troiscthe. Maith o duthracht etraid is bliadain pendite nó arre, Ériu vii 144 § 27 . nī fil do pecdaib nā hīcat na harra-sa (of prescribed penitential psalms), ZCP iii 30.28 . Of vicarious atonement (see Binchy loc. cit. p. 56 ): arra tessairgne anma a ifurn, Ériu xix 58 § 1 . doessairc anmandæ a iffurnd cach arra dona airraib-se, § 4.

n (orn.) chat : caislain (caisleachain, v.l.) coradh 'stonechats (?)' Ériu x 145 § 2 .

n ā f. Also -nn and later ceithrenn. Pl. also -irne. c.¤ (ceithreann, v.l.) f., IGT Decl. § 12 (61.z) . kern(e) (as collect.), band of fighting-men; band or collection of persons in general: cethern .i. coire aimite, unde dicitur cethernach.¤ Cethern didiu, cith cath ┐ orn orgain, Corm. Y 295 . cethirn comlain (dat. of accompaniment), SR 3538 . rom bía-sa cethern lib condeochaindsea do thabairt cobra dó desin, LU 5906 (TBC). ar cethernd aile quoth some others, (another? See below), 1909 . abaigh ceall go cethernaibh `soldiery', Ériu xviii 72 § 62 . undsea chethirn ṅ-gilla, TBC-LL¹ 5762 . comrac da ceithernn . . . Munter T. ┐ Mundter C., RC xviii 21.18 . iss é ra marb i[n] cethirnn mbric `the speckled kerne', Ann. Inisf. 1206.7 . ac biathadh mu ceitheirne, Acall. 524 . ar coimge don cethirn may the band (of saints) protect us, Gorm. May 27 . eccla ṡústa duirn dīabuil / cona c[h]eithirn guirm ghlóraigh, ACL iii 216.16 . ón cheithrinn chródha, Duan. F. ii xxxvi 2 . gidh bé ceithearna ad-chíthir, DDána 102.30 . ríoghdhacht chonnláin cheithirne, IGT Decl. ex. 589 . cethrinna ┐ macaimh . . . in bhaile, Smaointe B. Chr. 2965 . ceitheirne móra do shladaidhthib, SG 10.8 = turba latronum, V. SS. Hib. i 225 § 19 . sreith coinnmhedh ┐ ceitherna . . . do choscc `abolished the taxes of Coigny, Kernetty', AFM v 1686.3 (`Kernetty—this was a tax on every ploughland for the maintenance of the Lord's kerne', note. Separate derivative?).

With qual. gen.: ceithearn coilleadh clann Ádhuimh outlaw band, DDána 10.1 . ag caomhna na ceithirne coille ┐ na ndíbherccach, AFM v 1546.z . cethirna comlaind, TTebe 1477 . c.¤ congmhala an bhaile hired soldiers, AFM iii 558.9 . an macradh ina cethairn tigi domestic troop, SG 42.2 . ar son na cethernne timchill `bodyguard', BColm. 102.3 .

The singulative sense, well attested in the Engl. loanword (see N.E.D.) may occur in: is i cethern is dech la ri Temra . . . a gilla con, CF 73.25 ; cf. LU 1909 cited above and Meyer Contribb.

Compd. campa conghaireach ceithernlíonmhar, AFM vi 1884.8 .

n u, m. g s. cetha. ceatha, fros, Eg. Gl. 176 . ? Cf. cet .i. tonn, O'Curry 125 ( H 3.18, 75c ).

Shower. Of rain, hail, snow: ra c.¤ snechtaide, LL 24909 . na cet[h]ae dluit[h]e `close . . . showers', CCath. 4953 . cid dogni cithu gaeth cain?, SR 7919 . ceatha troma / do-níd tonna Th., CF² 1454 = cithi crom, Acall. 861 v.l. cith cloichsnechta, Stair Erc. 1551 . ceatha díothchuir na díleand, Celt. Rev. x 139.x . dubhadh ceatha dark shower-cloud, DDána 27A.11 . re hucht an cheatha do chor before the rain fell, 75.22 . c.¤ mor do ferthain, Ann. Conn. 1251.11 . fearthain an chetha íṡin, AFM v 1678.8 .

Of other objects: ós chethaibh fían forngaire `commanding clouds of warriors', Metr. Dinds. iv. 216.8 . cetho aodho ona mbelaib (of monsters), Aisl. Tond. 100.7 . cosmhail re ceathaibh gelclúmh . . . na srotha cubhracha, CF² 43 . cioth fola, AFM i 550.z . coimhlíonmhar ré cioth mionchuiléog (of plague of frogs), Mac Aingil 899 . Of missiles of all kinds: cetha nemhe . . . do shaighdibh, CCath. 1961 . cetha comóra cloch, Fianaig. 90.6 . In sense of abundance: clár milis go gceathaibh cnúais `with showers of fruit', SGS iv 140 § 14 . saor mo chlí ó ch.¤ na bpeacadh (`mist'), A. Ó Dálaigh xvii 1 . Prov. comrith re ceathaib (of foolish decision), MR 234.9 . nírbho coim ria ccioth do Aodh Ua D. a elúdh shelter from a shower i.e. a change for the better, Hugh Roe² 16.1 . AFM vi 2140.21 .

In vaguer sense trial, hardship, battle, etc. (frequ. with cath): c.¤ .i. crúaidh, H 3.18, 520 . cethern . . . c.¤ cath ┐ orn orgain, Corm. Y 295 . cen chíthu cess, SR 6047 . cen chithu cruth, 683 . cen ch.¤ cen chath, 1779 . c.¤ nó chrúas `trouble or danger', Metr. Dinds. ii 36.21 . nístrāeth cath nā c.¤ `battle or distress', BColm. 32.16 . daria M. . . . / maise gréine tre ciotha, BNnÉ 193.6 = tar cithu, SG 152.14 . nis fil galar isin bith / na c.¤ na cuirfe for cul, LB 237 marg. inf.

Compds. With nouns. cith-anfhethna na haidhchi `shower-storms', CCath. 1926 . cith-anfad . . . gan foscad, MR 236.19 . truime a ciothbhraon, Studies 1921, 417 § 1 . ciothghalchleas sneachta blizzard(?), ITS v 118.y . na cithnella neme, LU 6464 (TBC). is cealgach croidhe an ciothshluagh, Measgra D. 55.47 . mur shín ag cor chithshneachta, O'R. Poems 54 .

With adjj. tar cholbhadhaibh . . . cioth-bhorba na g-cuan` ML 46.28 . fa'n cithluaithi coll `on which are shower-shaken hazels', Hy Fiach. 194.2 . sruth cithmhear cas, Aithd. D. 61.16 ( ACL iii 235.2 ). a craes in c[h]uain cithmoir, KMMisc. 314.16 . in coire cith-rúad `with its red spray', Metr. Dinds. iv 82.42 .

With adjj. derived from nouns. tar an muir . . . ccithainbhthenaigh ` storm-swept ', BS 100.6 . sreatha a ghéag cceathbhraonach ` dewy ', Studies 1920, 99 § 13 . an ciachbrat corr-néalach cioth-mhuirnioch `showery', ML 102.27 . circaill cithneimneach cláriarnaighi (of warrior's mail suit), CF² 933 .

v (* to-imb-org-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 589 ). Indic. pres. 1 s. do-immurc, Sg. 181b3 . 2 s. do-m-immuirc, Wb. 23b36 . Ipv. 3 s. timmargad, Ml. 136c8 . Subj. pres. 3 s. ná timmar , Cáin Ad. § 31 ; (with perfective -com-) da-imchomarr, Ml. 77a12 . timcomair (-arr, v.l.), O'Dav. 1537 . Fut. 1 s. doimmarr, Wb. 9a20 ; later with ¤b- fut., 3 s. do-n-imaircfi, O'Dav. 1591 . Pret. and perf. 3 s. dan-immart, Ml. 14b14 . do-b-imchomartt, Wb. 3b21 . Pass. pres. s. ní timmorcar , Sg. 3a4 . Impf. s. du[m-]immaircthe-se, Ml. 73c4 . pl. doimmairctis, 36a26 . Subj. impf. s. do-n-immarthae, 130c21 . Fut. s. du-immarthar, 90a9 . Part. timortae. Vn. timorcon, timarc, etc. Later as simple vb. timaircid.

Presses, compresses in lit. and derived senses: gl. arctare, Ml. 131a10 ; coarctare, 39c32 , 73a4 ; angere, Sg. 181b3 ; part. translates artus, Ml. 27a4 , 57a6 ; arctus, 44a2 .

(a) In lit. sense: doimmaircet ind éoin a n-ette friu press their wings to their sides, RC xxi 378.2 . doimairg cricha narrows (?), ZCP iii 453.12 . no thimoirced a láma fria thoeb, LB 124b28 . [frith an seol] timmarcté etir na dā clār squeezed between the two boards, Todd Nenn. 96 . tuslis ┐ timmortis in chomlai (i.e. he fell against the door), Ériu v 28.15 . co rotimsaig ┐ co rothimairg A. gripped A. tightly (of a wrestler), TTebe 2566 .

(b) presses on, urges, drives: dorimmart dochum n-iffirn, SR 860 . do imairg na bú síar, TBC-I¹ 1720 . timorc-sa na ceithri forsinn āth, 1621 . rostimairg reme . . . amal timairces seig mintu, LL 408a34 . srotha doimne . . . as inntibhsin dorimartais (sic leg.) a long dia mbādhudh, Lism. L. 3619 . dosnimairc in seol seach tragaib insi L., CCath. 3369 . rostimort gaeth . . . co hErinn, Leb. Gab.(i) 18 . nustimaircc leis ina fuair di mucaib, ZCP iii 261.16 . timairccthear Find isin chūil, RC xiii 7.5 . (with transference of obj.) timmaircther cúl dorcha dub | orn ar triur in-oen inud we three are driven together into a dark corner, vii 300 .

(c) gathers, collects, brings together, amasses (oft. synon. with timsaigid): rí dorimmart . . . i n-airc Noe . . . lanamain cach oenmil, SR 2501 . ratimsaigit ┐ ratimmairgit fir hErend go Cruachain, TBC-LL¹ 6121 . dorimarta geill cech feine di-si, ACL iii 325 . timuircter [in sugh] a soigthighibh, Marco P. 163 . mar thiomarcces an bhech an mil, ITS xvi 20 . timoircid [in genntligecht] brēcscēla, PH 723 . do tiomairgimair . . . rāiti Ippocrait ┐ Galen we have collected the sayings, 3 C 19, 2rb7 . donitear ém pold . . . ina ttimairgtear imaig na neithi sofecsana in which the image . . . is focused, 98va24 . (Fig.) do thiomarg a anam do Dhia concentrated his mind on, Ériu v 98 .

(d) gathers, assembles (intrans.): rothimaircset co hairm i mbui S., Marco P. 29 . timairgid ┐ donit sluaighid (bees) collect and swarm, O'Gr. Cat. 213 . timairgit ┐ comchruinnigit clier na heguilsi, Fl. Earls 62 . dorimart in tuile i n-arda swelled, RC xv 437 ( Dinds. 45 ) = dorumart, SG ii 481.18 .

(e) controls, checks, subdues: doimmarr a n-úail I will restrain their pride, Wb. 9a20 . ar Coimdiu . . . timmairgfid cuaird a dūla will check (i.e. correct?) the circuit of his elements, SR 8080 . cu rathraethum ┐ cu rathimaircem ar corp, PH 5827 . timairc hí (i.e. Éire) dot réir, KMMisc. 276 . ramimmart baeis ┐ brón have oppressed me, TBC-LL¹ 3982 . duine . . . timairgeas galar whom disease reduces, Corm. Y 42 .

(f) chastises: gl. castigare, Ml. 36a26 , 130c21 , 136a8 . romallach Dia Cáin cruaid . . . é féin rothimmairc co trén | tria na fhingail for Abél, LL 141b45 . ni sraiglend [mac Dé] a less macu . . . acht a meic fēn rostimairg, ZCP vii 297 . ríg Connacht cáem doscomart subdued them (i.e. enemies), Arch. Hib. ii 62, § 50 .

(g) compels, constrains: manibé nech . . . daimchomarr (leg. duda imch.?) dia chomalnad to constrain them to fulfil it, Ml. 77a12 . drem timairciter ar écin do denam thole Dé, FA § 23 . cid genti dodnimaircet do chaithim feolae, Mon. Tall. § 51 . munabat ucca lasin cēile is ecen donimairg do riar a flatha need constrains him to the will of the chief, Laws ii 318.2 .

(h) d.¤ ní for nech enforces on, compels (to): nach oén loittfis Cháin nAdamnān ┐ nā timmar for cāch, Cáin Ad. § 31 . dlegar do flaithaib donimairget cach dib for a deis the chiefs are bound to levy, Laws iii 20.6 . nocho timairgind dlighedh for in fer . . . a tabairt, O'D. 1598 ( H 5.15 10a ). ni tiumorgar for nech bes ro uasal, O'Curry 2488 ( Eg. 88, 39 ). dia mbe fine is forro thiumargar, Laws iii 68.19 Comm. rotimoircsett fair ar eiccin tichtain go hAdamnan compelled him forcibly to go, Anecd. ii 11 . is é timairg for cech eclais co raib a durrthech hi nglaine, Ériu ii 219 § 6 .

(i) Gramm. shortens , used to transl. Lat. corripere; esp. in part.: co regdar ┐ co timairciter (= produci et corripi possunt), Auraic. 1078 . in timarr .o. if it will shorten `o', 2950 . ind. .e. timmorte gl. correpta, Sg. 12a3 , 115a2 . ani is bath in tan is timmortae (cumair, v.l.) is bās fordingair `bath' with a short vowel means death, Corm. Y 114 .

n firebrand: gorn .i. gāi-orn .i. gae orcne .i. aithinde, unde dixit Grūibne oc fāilte fri Corc: immicuirithar gurna gair, Corm. Y 688 ; `um welchen Feuer (oder Feuerbrände) Geschrei erheben,' Thurneysen, Indogermanische Forschungen xlii 147.29 = imocuirter guirnn gair, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. xix (1919) 312.35 . grond .i. gáe no gorn .i. gái-orn .i. gái oircne .i. aithinde ... .i. immicuiretar gruind (no guirn) gair, Thr. Ir. Gl. p. 23 . guirn .i. aithinne nó gae oirgne ... No gorn .i. [teine] ut est ima ngeiniter guirn, O'Dav. 1036 = i ngús ima ngenither guirn, Ériu xiii 21.26 . gorn .i. aithinne teineadh, O'Cl.

n a firebrand : g.¤ .i. gae no gorn .i. gái-orn ... .i. aithinde, Thr. Ir. Gl. p. 23 . pl. immicuiretar gruind (no guirn) gair ┐ araile, ib. See also gorn.

n io (1 íth + feórna) a rush light, candle: itharnnae .i. ith ┐ feorna, .i. semend, ar it glaine, ┐ ith na cethra notēged isna cainnle apud ueteress. Aliter: ith ┐ ornnae .i. orn orgain .i. orcuin itha, Corm. Y 735. i.¤ .i. ith ┐ feornae .i. ō ro tuimter. nó ithid feornae, O'Mulc. 766. adann .i. āenītharna ... ītharna | mad dia tecma i llīthadba | ..., Corm. Y 69. Equated with cainnel: tri imglaice do cainnlib cona toimsib techtaib, ocht nduirn a fot cach itharna, Laws ii 250.z . fot cach itharna .i. fot cacha cainnli dib iar na roinn da dluighi do chur itha innti, 252.14 Comm. seot hi luchair nae .i. oen ithornae do thabuirt for flaith i tech, O'Curry 878 (< H 3.18, p. 393b ). ní sorche suilse ind ítharni (marginal note), ZCP viii 175.18 .

adj (with voiced -c-) (lia) set with precious stones : mo c[h]orn ōir l.¤ ūaine, RC xxxvii 352 § 5.

n (? vox nihili, Stud. Celt. ii 99-100 , Ériu xxiii 230 ). slaughter ? orn .i. orgon, Corm. Y 1010 (= ornd .i. creach no orguin, Corm. p. 33 ); cf. 295 , 735 . gai-orn .i. gai-orcne, 688 . orn .i. orgain no marbadh, O'Cl. P. O'C. No exx. from lit.

n a bar or bolt ? udhma . . . is ed a crand bis air .i. in loirg nó in sim . . . nó conad í fein in sim ┐ in loirg do crann araill ut est: na tabratar udhma orn. Oirn .i. loirg, O'Dav. 1615 ; an obscure passage in which `loirg' (? lorg) seems = bolt or bar (of gate of a cattle-pound) and `sim' the staple through which it is passed, `udhma' being equated with the latter.