first letter of the Irish alphabet, and first in the a-group in Ogam alphabet. Irish name ailm, q.v.

In later lang. ă is used as glide with e before neutral cons. (see under e), and is used itself with follg. glide -i- before palatal cons. with increasing regularity from the O.Ir. period on; also as glide in O.Ir. before final -e, -i preceded by neutral cons. (daltae, daltai, etc.), see GOI § 87 , § 98 . ă appears for o in certain phonetic environments, § 81 . § 82 , § 95 ; on the alteration a/e (daig, dego; saigid, segait) see § 83 and Celtica iii 182 ; on the spellings au, ai before u-quality consonants see GOI § 80 . In the classical lang. ă alternates for metrical purposes with ŏ and ŭ (even in stressed syllables with certain limitations), and á with ó, see TD Introd. lxvi , IGT Introd. § 141 , § 143 . Long á is sometimes spelt aa in O.Ir., see GOI § 27 .

In native words ă represents Indo-European *ĕ and *ə, GOI § 50 ; original *ā in final unstressed syllables, § 93 ; original *e in certain proclitics (la, amm, etc.), § 115 . It appears as a secondary vowel after syncope and loss of final syllables with nasals, l and r (immainse, cétal, arathar), § 112 . It also arises with original vocalic sonants (other than *i and *u) in certain phonetic contexts, §§ 213, 215 .

Long á represents Indo-European *ā and *ō, GOI § 51 , and also *ă after compensatory lengthening, § 125 .

The diphthong aí, ái represents Indo-European *ai and *oi, §§ 66 ff. , and aú, áu (archaic) Indo-European *au, *ou, etc., § 69 .

In Latin loanwords ă represents ă, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. § 121 , and somet. ŏ, § 122. Long á represents ā, § 126 ; and occasionally ă, § 121 . The diphthong aí goes back to ae in saígul, § 132 .

v (* ad-(ath-?)-guid, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 551 ). Palatal quality in pres. forms prob. due to the influence of the vn. aicde, see GOI p. 355 . Indic. pres. 1 s. adguidhi, RC xvii 230.15 (Tig.). aicdiu (prot. for deut.), Bürgschaft 15 § 51 . -aic[d]im, O'D. 2330 (Rawl. B 506, 35c). 2 s. -aicde, Bürgschaft 28 § 75 . 3 s. ad-guid, Laws v 272.8 . 3 pl. ad-guidet, Laws iv 346.17 Comm. Pass. sg. ad-guidter, O'Curry 853 (H 3.18, 386b). -aic[d]ither, ZCP xiii 22.8 . Pl. ad-guiter, -aicditer, ZCP xiii 22.16, 17 . Ipv. 2 s. aicc (see GOI § 588 ), Laws ii 130.9 . Subj. pres. 2 s. ? ciatgeis, ZCP iii 37.33 . Pass. pl. (with ro) adrogestar, O'Curry 2396 (Eg. 88, 31a). -argesatar, Laws v 366.1 . Subj. impf. pass. sg. -aiciste, Ériu ii 106 § 16 . With ro: adrogesta, Laws iv 210.8 . Pret. 3 s. atgaith, Ériu ii 4.6 ? Perf. 1 s. adrogatsa, O'Curry 876 (H 3.18, 393a). 3 s. adrogaid, AU i 368.18 . adroegaid (cf. ad-goa), LU 9810 . adraeghaid, Anecd. i 42.15 . -urguid (leg. -árgaid), Laws v 476.24 . 3 pl. atraegatar, Anecd. i 42.16 . Pass. pl. atrogessa, Anecd. i 42.18 .

Vn. aicde.

Used with 2 macc, naidm(m), 1 ráth as obj. in sense of invoking sureties or guarantees for the fulfilment of legal obligations: dlega[i]r do cach déorad dé saigid a nadma[e] amal ad-rogesta[e] ind `for every exile of God is obliged to invoke their suretyship as though he himself had been invoked for it', Ériu xvii 66 § 7 ( Laws iv 210.8) . ní i n-aiccditer fir nime ┐ soscéla[e] Crist, ib. adrogatsa macu id gialli, O'Curry 876 (H 3.18, p. 393a) `i.e. I bound pledges [binding myself] to thy service', Plummer MS. notes. fiach dleghar dim . . . ad-guidiu macu inna híc, Bürgschaft 17 § 53 . `aicdiu' ol in feichem dia ndligther I give a guarantee, 15 § 51 . cadet tri gnima nadma? . . . imc[h]oimet neic[h] a n-aicdither, 13 § 43 . at-guidh in feichem ara-téit nadmen hi slan i.e. the debtor (on whose behalf the surety acts) invokes suretyship as a guarantee of compensation, 26 § 74 . aicc macu i n-ogslan co n-oghicc in[n]a raithe so furnish guarantees for complete compensation . . . of this surety, ib. atait tri nadmanda la feine nad roithead ní a n-aicaidter, Laws iv 56.26 . nit nadmanna na ratha adguidter ina dilsi, O'Curry 1767 (RIA 23 Q 6, p. 36b). atait secht nadmand segta ce ni argesatar . . ., Laws v 366.1 . lethnadmann . . . nadmann són ad-guiter dond ala leth ┐ ni aicditer dind leith eli i.e. suretyships which are invoked by one side but not by the other, ZCP xiii 22.16 , Bürgschaft 10 § 27 , ZCP xv 366.11 . lethslan fir (leg. fair?, ed.) .i. lethslan forsan mbidba[i]d, a lleth n-aill forsan flaith ad-guid in giall, Bürgschaft 77.26 . flaith atnuguid (leg. at-nguid, Bürgschaft 77 ), Laws ii 136.22 Comm. saigid feich a naicditar o mnai i.e. claiming a debt for which he has been invoked as surety, Laws v 308.18 . im coimet neich a naicdicher ar na tormastar ni fair, O'Curry 58 (H 3.18, p. 21a). is tar folta adguidet armaic friu, 803 (H 3.18 p. 372a). aic maccu dó samlaid 'appoint sureties for it thus', Cáin Ónae 38 § 2 . ? ben adguid aitire De no duine i fomatu a cuirp (of a woman for whose violation a man is not fined), Laws v 272.8 ( O'Dav. 913 ) (`eine Frau, die die `aitire' Gottes (eines Geistlichen) oder eines Menschen erbittet unter Darbietung ihres Leibes', Bürgschaft 73 ). ? nocu naicim imm[f]oichid air imma scuicthib acht maine tistar fo dochor chunnartha, O'D. 2330 (Rawl. B 506 fo. 35c). adguiter fír hOengasa (leg. nO.) . . . fris ┐ fir flatha na nDéisi `the pledge of O. and of the princes of the Déisi is requested as a guarantee for it', Ériu iii 140.170 . adraeghaid . . . Bran . . . ratha i n-ogh na saire seo, atraegatar na flaithi olchena airriu fadeisne . . . it é na ratha atrogesa sunn, Anecd. i 42.15 . conidh and do dechaidh Osraighi i n-dilsi fri leth Cuinn ┐ adrogaidh Maelgualai ri Muman a dilsi, AU i 368.18 `it was there that O. was alienated to Leth Cuinn, (i.e. came into direct dependence on the king of Tara), and Mael Gualai king of Munster warranted this alienation (i.e. pledged himself to renounce all claims to overlordship)', Binchy PICCS I p. 130 (1962). imroraid ni bad shairiu ara n-aiciste a chumachta that his power should be invoked, Ériu ii 106 § 16 . Note also: duli Dé adroegaid raith / tucsat dal bais forsin rig which he invoked as sureties(?), LU 9810 .

v ( Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 451 ). Fut. stem -ebla-, see GOI p. 403 . t-pret. ro-da-acht, LL 201a37 . (See ZCP xxviii 11 ). Pass. pl. acta, ZCP iii 46.2 . The follg. forms may be influenced by saigid : indic. pres. pass. sg. egar, Laws ii 128.1 Comm. pl. ægtair, LL 11455 . ?3 pl. act. ni eigid (for -agat, Thurn. but context seems to require 3 s.), ZCP xiii 264.4 and note. Conjunct forms in this vb. could also belong to ad-aig which has no prototonic formations. See also Language xvi 209 .

Vn. áin, aige, aiged.

(a) drives, impels: ēiti agathar (agatair, LU) . . . cichi aig, TBC-I¹ 1081 . scéo damaib ágat scéo mnaib berat, LU 5468 = agad, TBC-I¹ 992 . mná bertair bae ægtair, TBC-LL¹ 4722 . is cú airgdech aiges / is carptech glan geibes, 3328 . cid dás in ríg nad aig eochu as a tír, SG 411.6 . dia n-acht na hercca Iuchba, ZCP iii 41.24 . athgabail egar tar crich, airm in agar . . ., Laws ii 128.1 Comm. aig brot for in n-echraid ┐ sneid slaitt forru ply a goad, LL 12742 . acta fri alla argait `they were driven against . . .', ZCP iii 46.2 . a mu Buach / aiges in tond frisin mbruach, Anecd. i 12.19 . aigthi (atchi v.l) in cath for feraib Muman he gains a battle over the M., RC xxiv 184.9 . cuirther cath / bha chossaib aráile / ebhlatt ar réim, TBC-LL¹ 5747 = eblait a réim, 5842 . cia doneidis cronan coir / ni eigid doib a fiachu it does not drive in their debts to them (of old men), ZCP xiii 264.4 (see above under forms). uig in gabair n-uidir `drive the dun horse', RC ix 466.21 (but see uic) ? With cogn. acc. ilmuine ana aiges, Laws ii 72.8 .

(b) celebrates (games, rites etc.): is ē eblas in aige `it is he who shall celebrate the celebration', Ériu xvi 147.3 . cluche . . . aigdit fri fín n-imborbag, Imr. Brain § 41 . agar Tailltin gin cairpi (imthiagor . . . chairpte, v.l.) let T. be held, ZCP xiii 278.22. is céte óenaig agair, Metr. Dinds. iii 270.9 . agait grafaind they hold a horse-race, Anecd. i 54.28 . agtair cluicheda ┐ ferthair graifni ind oenaig, LL 274a12 . agat clesamnaig perform, LU 3242 ( SCC § 3 ); cf. aghaid .i. áonaighid no bíd go subhach, O'Cl. Of funeral rites: rocuindig . . . airm i n-adnaicfidea co n-agtais a hāenach, Dinds. 18 ( RC xv 311 ). cladar a ḟert ┐ sāitir a liaa . . . ┐ aghair a gubae, TBC-I¹ 1231 . roacht a guba ┐ a nasadh la Lug, BB 403a35 . līnfaid caumu (= cuma grief ?) chridi a rigna, tuidicfaid eblaid a samgubae, TBC-I¹ 3450 . ro hagad a ceapog ┐ a cluíchi caenteach ┐ ro-saigidh a lía, BB 259a38 .

(c) raises (a cry etc.): ar écnairc ind rígsa / frisnagar an núallsa, Fél. Ep. 406 . ard a nuall / aiges im Choire da Ruad, Anecd. i 12.25 . ro acht in cloch a torand oc teacht suas, YBL 121b24 .

(d) prosecutes, performs; sets going: roacht marbad in L. `L.'s murder was brought about', ZCP iii 2 § 1 . na da err eblait ēcht ar ēcht who will perform exploit on exploit, Sc.M² § 15 . Cú na cerda boí hi cacht chró / ed rosnacht oc sár-gubo `this it was that set them wailing', Metr. Dinds. iv 220.6 . d'aigh . . . aca nincrechad began to rebuke them, SG 30.15 . ba hóglaochrad . . . achtatar an chomairli sin .i. aisic a chreiche . . . do M. who urged that advice, Anecd. ii 73.1 . cachain in druí détla / cétla imda oraib / sund in cach amm agair `as it is told here at all times', Metr. Dinds. iv 214.51 . pleads (at law): æ aiges, æ mides `ae that sues', Auraic. 408 . Note also: aigh .i. iaraigh, Stowe Gl. 217 . aid .i. iarraid, Lec. Gl. 416 .

(e) a.¤ imm gathers around, surrounds: agait mór a maccáin / imm Ultan . . ., Fél. Sept. 4 . cenmotha dano in gilla urdairc imma n-agat fir Herend .i. Cuchullain, Ériu iv 28 § 20 . coica sémech immi agtait, LL 4980 .

(f) spends time: d'aig innti an aidchi sin, SG 30.33 .

(g) In phrase aig taig see 1 taig.

vn. of ar-fen. io, [n.] d s. Airbiu, LL 14067 . Later f. (often as dental stem) oirbe, IGT Decl. § 3 .

(a) hedge, fence, paling: ní bíd clad na hairbi na caissle im thír, LU 10568 . cūaille airbed inna lāim, Cáin Ad. § 3 . dogníther cuairt nairbed uime, Thr. Ir. Gl. 22.29 = d'imbe, Corm. Y 674 . teit C. . . . ┐ ataig a thraig fri airrbe, LL 14115 . bla cuaille airbi, Laws iii 290.10 . caithe tar a.¤ , iv 124.z Comm. teit tar airbid do saigid feoir aili, 110.27 Comm. aithgin na n-aile ┐ na n-a.¤ ón macc, i 98.8 Comm. re hoiledaib ┐ re hairbedaibh, iii 186.2 Comm. ailedha ┐ airbedha, O'Dav. 281 . cith . . . cor bris gach oirbi i tarla, RC xviii 151.3 (Tig.). a tighe ┐ a airbeadha, AFM ii 652.3 . co ndernsat daingen airbhe etorra ┐ a namhaitt, vi 2220.17 . a.¤ druad druidic hedge, name of some magic obstruction to keep off an enemy (see TTr. p. 129 , V. SS. Hib. i clxi ): co raeirgatar a n-airbeda drúad impu, LL 239a47 ( TTr. 1672 ). F. . . . as é do righne ind erbhe ndruadh do Diarmait, AFM i 194.11 . Fig. a a.¤ ibair ` yew fence ' (term of reproach addr. to a person), Bruchst. i 27 § 60 . Mathias tend eirbe, Gorm. Jan. 30 . Of a shield: gur bo hoirbhe tréitholl . . . an tromsgiath don toinnseamh sin, ML 88.17 . Cf. tolla. (1 toll).

(b) Various applications. pen for animals: acht bid o lias no a.¤ adriastar a laegh `provided it be in . . . a pen her calf is tied', Laws iii 228.7 . tuircc airrbe, O'Curry 881 ( H 3.18, 394b ); 'a pen-reared(?) boar' EIF 85 . a brog no a lamann do fagbail don gataid a mbel na ha.¤ , 2427 ( Eg. 88, 33(34)d ). maic becca doairchellat bó ┐ cethra olchena im airbhetha `within their pens', Ériu ii 206 § 26 . ruba lín in fiada .i. cosa in lín .i. osairbe . . . .i. fer benas ruba lin i tír a chéli cin athchomarc .i. . . . in a.¤ (of catching game by driving it into a space enclosed by a deer-fence), O'Dav. 1366 . le hosnaduibh elbhadh / a n-orsanaibh oirbedh, IGT Decl. ex. 156 . Of the ribs of the body: airbhe .i. asna, O'Cl. co ndrochradar . . . doid fri dóid . . . ┐ airbhi fri hairbhi, TBC-LL¹ p. 381 n.6 . acc aicsin a airrbhi bháin / forsan tráigh ós Aingi uair, AFM i 480.15 . a dá a.¤ `his two ribs', Metr. Dinds. iii 372.87 . toidet . . . a.¤ in mīl mhōir, Ériu ii 124 § 71 . Of fighting-men phalanx, serried rank: cenmotha na ha.¤ mora Maicedondai, Alex. 43 . athe regdai a n-airrbe friu, Rawl. 83b12 (= airbre, Ériu vi 121.z ). crothais A. a.¤ īath nEthomuin, Ält. Ir. Dicht. i 17 § 3 ( Rawl. 116c 13 ). na hairbheda órarmacha, Caithr. Thoirdh. 41.10 . ag taobscannradh a tiugoirbedh `their close-packed files', 67.38 . do dhruim comharc . . . nó togharma an airbhe, L. Cl. A. B. 46.38 . go rabatar na rígcholna ina réidairbedaib ar na raonródaib (description of carnage), Caithr. Thoirdh. 42.6 . fálairbi ferrda . . . Frangc, MR 214.17 . gor ba a.¤ aighbéil anrata iat-sein eturru (of raised weapons), 140.11 . In n.loc. A.¤ Roḟir in Conaille Murthemne, see Walsh, ZCP viii 555 . Dún na nAirbed, LU 399 .

Cf. eirbe.

n Apparently o, but n s. also areir, etc. Some kind of fine apparently equal in value to one-seventh of a person's honour-price (eneclann) except in the case of kings. See Ir. Recht p. 15 . ZCP xv 247 . cia roig dire ┐ areir (leg. arer or airer, ed.) ┐ enecland? Saigid dire co .uii. cumala. Saigid areir co cumail, Ir. Recht 13 § 14 . x mba ┐ samaisce ata dó ina eneclann ┐ bo ┐ samaisce ata do ina a.¤ . . . uair sechtmad eneclainne ata do ina a.¤ , O'Curry 650 ( H 3.18, 314 ). seachtmad eneclainne a.¤ cach graid co gradh seachta ┐ cumal a.¤ seic; cumal a.¤ cach graidh o sin suas co ri cuicigh no Erenn ┐ di cumal cid do seic, 347 (192a). cisne lesa . . . tascnat treise . . . a.¤ .i. ar sechtmadh .i. la eneclann, what cases last for three days? . . . a case of a.¤ i.e. the seventh (of the `eneclann'), Laws i 230.25 , 232.27 Comm . E. . . . ro marbad ar cumuirce F. . . . ┐ righ cuicidh hé ┐ ro dligustur ocht cumala décc itir irar ┐ eneaclann ina sárughadh, 76.12 Comm. athgabail airir ni teit fuirri acht airir cob thri, co bo tri cach nai acht airir rig, dligid side secht cumala inna airir i.e. a king may distrain up to the amount of seven `cumals' for his a.¤ , ii 126.7 , Ir. Recht p. 15 n.l . brigter a.¤ erenar i cnocbeim col, Laws iii 536.16 . cia roich eneclann? Ro saich enech-gríss air i mbánbém, a.¤ i cnocbém, O'D. 903 ( H 3.17 c. 645 ). laneneclann don rig ┐ a.¤ isna híib so, O'Curry 459 ( H 3.18, 243b ). a.¤ enechruice compensation for causing `face-reddening' (insulting), ZCP xv 246 § 5 ( Laws ii 204 ). trian n-airir i tres n-aici `a third of the `a.¤' for the third fosterage', O'Dav. 137 . ni hictar dire na airiur na eneclann . . . oga.¤ i nogaltram, O'D. 1014 (H. 2.15, p. 17a). ní dligh airchindech aireir a manchu na dligh díre a ṡeoit, O'D. 990 ( H 3.17 col. 854 ). tabair da .vii. cumala dib do Conchobar i nairear, O'Curry 2089 (H. 4 22, p. 71b). a.¤ nairdbidh . . . .i. isi eiric ata don flaith ina [biadh] uasal . . . .i. eneclann, 443 ( H 3.18, 238b ). file nába fia thuaith taisilbhe, ni direnar dire na a.¤ na eneclann, Ériu xiii 17.24 .

n o, m. (aithe). See LEIA a.¤ (cóir), athach, eathach (lochdach) m., IGT Decl. § 11 , § 55 . Note however, athaig (g s.): athair, Éigse viii 290 § 12 and n. 0

Lit. rent-payer; vassal, peasant .

(a) In legal contexts used of a particular class of tenant and sometimes to describe the commoner as opposed to the noble. See Críth G. p. 74 ; ZCP xv 245 . ethach .i. quasi aithech .i. doniter a aithe for neach, O'Curry 105 ( H 3.18, 70 ). a.¤ .i. fer braith ut est taidhe cach a.¤ .i. is amail gataide in fer braith nó in fer forinaiter féich, O'Dav. 37 . Cf. táid gach a.¤ | a.¤ gach ainbh, Ériu xiii 20.14 . a.¤ = briuga, Harl. 5280, 53b (Plummer MS. notes). athaigh .i. íocaidhe, O'Cl. flaith ┐ a.¤ `lord and vassal', Thes. ii 238.12 ( Ardm. 17a2 ). fri tige cach na.¤ , Ml. 92d15 . athaig ┐ bachlaich domeled sin uile, SCano 345 . flaith athuigh na bid flaith a athair i.e. a noble whose father was a commoner, `Bauer-Herr', ZCP xv 245 § 4 . ní dlig a.¤ mraich cor[o]p flaith, Críth G. 254 . díre n-aithig honour-price paid by an a., 530 . athich cacha slointe di ṡhund huma anechclann the commoners of every family from here on with their e., Rawl. 118b38 . adnacol do cholaind aithich thuaithe a peasant of the tribe (laity?), RC x 82.12 . soifid roúall . . . i mmaccu a.¤ .i. grád fene no chille, LL 188c1 ( RC xxvi 42.1 ). ait[h]ech cách co hEogan húais, ZCP viii 299 z . ísel cech athech, Tec. Corm. § 15.15 . ó a.¤ co righ, ML² 836 . athig i comairli ríg / mairg tír i tic in scél, Ériu ix 48 § 23 . aondath i n-éadach moghaidh, dá dhath i n-éadach an aithigh, Keat. ii 1918 . aithigh Laighion / siad ós maithibh measfuidhior, LBranach 5776 = DDána 117.16 . gach saoirfhear ann badh aitheach, 72.32 . Prov.: as ait[h]ech cāch gan deōladh no one is so exalted but he can do with assistance(?), ML² 162 .

With qualifying clause, gen., etc. a.¤ ara-threba a deich (so called because his stock is numbered in tens, and represented as standing midway between the ócaire and the bóaire, Críth G. p. 77 ): cateat fodlai bóairech? dá ḟer midboth(a) ┐ óccaire ┐ a.¤ arathreba a deich, 17 . a.¤ arathreba a deich, deichde a búar sidi, 132 . a.¤ baitside (baitsid, baitse), meaning doubtful; is é a.¤ baitside inso dia mbé in[n]a enncai cen gait, cen brait cen guin doíne acht láa catha nó nech toṡaig a chenn fair, Críth G. 142 and n. a.¤ forrtha (fortha), one appointed to take the king's place in legal actions against him, see forrtha.¤ im athechu bunaid (.i. na aithig ḟortha) im athechu cis (.i. na doerchele), Cóic Con. 21 § 14 .

(b) In pejorative sense churl, boor, uncouth person: contall a chenn dind aithiuch labar, Ml. 58c6 . in triar a.¤ . . . ro anacht Cú Ch., BDD² 1287 . robo leanamnach int a.¤ (aidech, LU), TBC-I¹ 1207 . ni thecat da fuapairt / acht [mad] athig mith, TBC-LL¹ 3371 (see meth). is duit dosratsam ┐ ni dont ṡenaithiuch ucat (of Rónán), Fing. R. 67 . ni tú as cóir dia chairigud . . . a.¤ samlut (of Lugaid Mac Con), RC xiii 438 § 9 . bríathra athig churlish words, LU 5450 (TBC). in t-eathach, Acall. 5532 . dias aitheach oc ingairi cairech, YBL 122a2 . cumala ┐ athig na Pers, Alex. 390 . athig ┐ doeraicme, TTr.² 1303 . ar ba haitheach somh a h-ucht treóin `being a plebeian representative of a hero', AFM iii 178.17 . a tigh aithigh ┐ áonmná / caithidh sibh an cáomlá ar cúairt, IGT Decl. ex. 363 .

In phr. a.¤ feda base tree (oppd. to aire feda). Used of letters of the alphabet: athaigh feada, Laws iv 146.19 , 24 . airigh fedha ┐ athaig fedha . . . athaig fedha .i. fern, sail, bethi etc., Auraic. 1151 = aithig, 4249 .

(c) giant, monster: immacomarnaic dó ┐ don scál. tresi cluchi ind athig, LU 8538 ( FB § 39 ). da aitheach forgranna, Aisl. Tond. 98 § 1 . ar neimib a n-arm na n-athach n-uathmar n-agarbh, BB 43b1 . lorg in fhathaigh, Feis Tighe Chonáin 1006 . ris an athach darbh ainm Goliath, TSh. 10937 . combarala dam ┐ dond a.¤ (of the Cyclops), Mer. Uil. 56 . ethach ┐ arderrad ┐ fogmoir, Stair Erc. 1290 . is i in [n]aithir neime .i. in t-a.¤ aingide (of the custodian of the Garden of the Hesperides), 254 . tú an aithir sheang . . . / is ceann aithigh uirrei-se, DDána 50.10

COMPDS. ¤-aicme vassal tribe: seacht n-aitheachaicme robadar isin tir re tiachtain de Uib Eachach, ZCP xiv 44 § 6 . ¤-lus lit. churl's herb (protection against the evil eye ? Celtica xxiv 38 ): righlus ┐ tarblus ┐ a. . . . a. do ghradaibh feine, O'D. 2365 ( Rawl. B. 506, f. 43b ). ¤-matad base dog (term of contempt): ni tocrad dam int aitheachmattud [do] gleid (glieid, LU) frisin coin moir, TBC-I¹ 1228 . aithechmadad druthsotal, 1594 . ciarso dúal don athiuch-matud saigid forsin árchoin, TBC-LL¹ 1935 . ¤-phort rent-paying town: trí aithechpuirt (.i. bailte bodaich) Hérenn: Clúain Iraird, Glenn Dá Locha, Lugbad, Triads 33 and note p. 36.

¤-thúath subject people (see Mac Neill, Early Irish Population-Groups, PRIA xxix (C) 59 - 114 , O'Rahilly, EIHM p. 154 ff. ): ro díbdáit uili cland Ugaine Máir la athechthúathaib Herend . . . ┐ ro gabsat athechthuatha Herend flathemnas Temrach, LL 7308 . ba di athechthuathaib Herend dó, 14616 . na haitheachthúatha ┐ Cinél Conaill . . . ag argain an bhaile, Ériu v 76.16 . le daorchlannaibh nó lé hathachthuathaibh Éireann, Keat. ii 3702 . annam lib athechthuatha do tháinsemad bartrenfer, LL 238b25 ( TTr. 1617 ).

See next.

v (?aith-saig-, cf. do-aithig). IGT Verbs § 65 . visits, frequents: no athigtis sund, LL 374cz . inmain úir . . . / na hathaig dael na demhon, Anecd. ii 22 § 3 . co ro-aithige . . . tempul Dé that he frequent the temple of God, PH 5564 . cin co hathathadais eclais `even if they did not frequent a church', Laws v 124.22 Comm. aithighis a tighe (of a saint), BNnÉ 207 § 55 . With prepp. no aithiged co Ethni, LU 4448 . o n-athigtis co Bethfáge, PH 4424 . maircc nach aithigh go haifrenn, ZCP x 30.21 . for lind . . . día n-aithiget buidni ban, LU 3622 ( SCC 31 ). dia n-athaigdis Grec i llongaib i n-oirer a tire, BB 414a4 . ní aithidhenn ann acht anmanna na pecdach, RC xxiv 374.19 . inad i n-athaighend dogres, Laws v 490.24 Comm.

Extended uses: athiget a n-armu deimne `let them take to their never-failing weapons', Ériu vi 121 § 2 . do haithigheadh d'éis a chéile / . . . / . . . dligheadh an ríogh ar reacht nGaoidheal `the King's law has been coming into use instead of the law of the G.' Aithd. D. 38.4 ? nicon aithigi in mac sin hūath nā homun oc far saigid etorro `knows not terror' (Faraday), TBC-I¹ 3375 . Vn. 2 aithigid.

n iā, f. ( eter, Bürgschaft p. 4 ). Later also m. in sense (b). Also aittire, aidire, e(i)t(t)ire, eidire, itire, oittire. Lit. being between, standing between or one who stands between (two parties to an agreement), see Bürgschaft p. 4 , 34 , 61 . Críth G. p. 74 . Cf. cid ara n-eper a.¤? itir a té .i. itir cich ┐ gruaid; no itir da feichemain, Bürgschaft 22 § 64 . a.¤ .i. iter dēde .i. iter dā fechemuin, Corm. Y 71 .

(a) hostage-suretyship : doté(i)t a.¤ ar ḟer feras in fuil he goes surety for the man who inflicts the wound, Críth G. 52 . cateat a ḟolta córai ó chách fris[s]a cuirther a.¤? for which surety is given, 58 . lóg a enech . . . téit fora naidm ┐ a ráith ┐ a aitiri he may go surety to the amount of his honour-price, 129 . dul tar a.¤ breaking a guarantee (one of the causes of loss of honour-price), Laws v 368.7 .

(b) hostage-surety who guarantees the performance of an obligation with his own person and not (like the ráth) with his property GEIL 172 , Stud. Hib. viii 52 , guarantor `who warrants the execution, not merely of public engagements . . ., but also of some of the more important private agreements', Críth G. p. 74 . ata a.¤ gaibhes gnimu nadma. a.¤ són dobeir laim im brollach feicheman co nadhmaim le[s], saigid riasíu ascomra. assed a slan undertakes the business of giving a bond i.e. an a.¤ who puts a `naidm' in the breast of the debtor, he sues before he himself pays and so he remains free from loss, ZCP xiii 24.11 ( Bürgschaft 13 § 42 ). nugu toibhghenn nech i cairdi acht aitteri, Bürgschaft 63 x . cungnat oittiri in fecheman toicheda riu, 64.7 . slan a.¤ cairde (title of a tract), ZCP xiii 24 (Bürgschaft 32 § 1) (see cairde). corus a.¤ (title of a tract), Bürgschaft 22 § 64 . cis lir a.¤ do-chuisin . . . a tri . . . a.¤ luigi ┐ aitiri foesma ┐ aitiri nadma, ib. (see also fáes(s)am, 1 luige). na huile neiche risa-ndechaid int a.¤ , 68 § 1 . atait secht n-aitiri asrenut la Feine . . . a.¤ teit ar mac beoathar fo-n-ocair a athair, a.¤ tar cend ambui anechtair, etc., Laws v 228.1 . caite a sslan na a.¤? .i. a fomeilt ┐ a imluath ┐ a gnim ┐ log .uii. cumal niath (.i. lóg cimedha, ar is cimidh ind aitiri iar ndithmaim fuirri) what is the indemnity of an `a.¤'? Bürgschaft 24 § 67 . ces do-gníther de muna comrastar fris? Tiagair dochum raite no a.¤ ma beit iar cul ar it he a .u. in sin biti fri heluth .i. naidm ┐ raith ┐ a.¤ ┐ ceilebrath ┐ gell what is to be done when the debtor does not come forward? One goes to a `ráth' or an `a.¤' if they stand behind the transaction, for these are the five (sureties) who guarantee against absconding, 14 § 48 . athgabail a.¤ aslui feile `distress of a surety who violates his honour', Laws i 214.25 (`der sich dem Anstand (der Ehrbarkeit) entzieht', Bürgschaft p. 70 ). in raith uil re aithne na conaire fuigill is techta no int ait[i]re uil re aithne na conaire fuighill is cóir (i) n-athcomairc i.e. it is a `ráith' if the suit is one of `techta', an ¤a. if the suit is one of `cóir n-athchomairc ', Cóic Con. 32 § 27 . is ed is a.¤ ann .i. do ghradhaib flatha uair cid mor do cintaib ┐ do raithiges ┐ do aitires ro-dlecht donn athair, ma ro-fagaib int athair dibadh accu — uair ni tet itire acht co cro, teit raith for comarba co no[m]ud — noco cutrumus in dibaid do dul isna cintaib, 33 § 32 . aitiri De cleric, Laws v 272.8 (see Bürgschaft 73 ). teōra a.¤ cac[h]a prīmegalsa fri Cāin Adomnāin .i. secnap ┐ coic ┐ fertiges ┐ a.¤ cāna deirbḟine fo Erinn uile ┐ dā eitiri cāna ardflat[h]a every principal church has three guarantors to ensure the fulfilment of A.'s law, Cáin Ad. 32 § 53 (see Bürgschaft p. 7 ). sárugud a.¤ nó crossi in domnaig oc saigid na cána in domnaig, Ériu ii 208 § 29 . ma asloat aitiri tobungar cumal ocht n-ungi diib, Anecd. iii 24.18 . do-bert .uii. n-aidirie di trénferuib Erenn . . . fri hasic na flathae uad ma fofertís a mifholtae fesin i.e. he gave seven fighting men as guarantors that he would give back the kingship should he behave in an unkingly way, RC xii 62 § 24 . tucaid huaib etere ṅgle / fri tichtáin doridise, SR 3499 . forbia for n-eitteire fein, 3503 . for cóic aitirib dēac on the guarantee of fifteen men, TBC-I¹ 2919 . ité a.¤ . . . do-breatha do Ingcél ó ḟeraib Hé., BDD² 421 . gabsait na aittiri eturru a fritisi, 866 . togaid aitiri de (ref. to visit of Ulaid to Bricriu), LU 8097 ( FB 7 ). de inchaib na n-atairi, 8184 ( 13 ). trían do flaith, trīan do fine, trīan do etarflaith ┐ do iteraibh (of property of deceased person), Ériu i 215.28 . it .iii. heteri gabar darcend in Choimded fri dingbail cecha tedmma dib . . . .i. Petur Apstal ┐ Muri Og ┐ Michel Archaingel patrons(?), RC xii 428 § 19 .

(c) hostage: nó idnaictís dosom geill ┐ eteri, CCath. 1636 . ní gabthar a n-eiteri a nglas no a slabradh acht lúgha fó láim rígh `hostages', Leb. Cert. 135.x . dia n-elódha in t-aideri, 11 . cor facsat etere ina laim .i. Isacar, BB 238b42 . cen giall cen eteri, RC xvii 354.29 (Tig.). braigti ┐ etiri, Cog. 48.8 . co ttuccsat gialla . . . ass . . . im aidire Ua Néill, AFM ii 712.5 .

COMPD. ¤-mac: do ghuidhetar ind Ógh cona haitirmac (of Christ), Caithr. Thoirdh. 94.35 .

adv also ameind, amin, ammin, amnin, amne, etc. Stressed on second syll., see GOI p. 30 . No rhyming ex. with the form am(e)in(n). imne: aidche, SR 6179 ; amné has long final vowel Ériu liii 138-39: sē: am-nē, Ir. Gosp. Thom. 94 § 18 . imnē: dē, Ériu ii 56 § 14 . amné, SR 5801, 6207 , TE 158.5 , 176.17 . ( am + sin, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 188 . See also Pokorny, ZCP xix 176 and Thurn.'s remarks, GOI p. 570 . Vendr. Lex.).

(a) thus, in that way, in accordance with what has already been said: darigni amin `made it thus', Sg. 31b22 . ? masu ed amin, 192b7 . cia beimmi amin nach ré, Thes. ii 294.1 . forriuth a n-enech ┐ a n-inechgreso amin, IT i 141.27 . co rochindsead úada amne, Ériu iv 156.3 . bid ammin co cend mbliadna, Ériu viii 156.10 . cid amein biaid comét huaim-se and though it be so (= even so), Trip.² 1363 . ? bad fert Scéne ba amne so will it be (.i. conice so), LL 1543 . Cf. fa amne it was thus, Ériu iv 178.20 . co ro loitedh an tír eatorra imáseach amne, AFM iii 284.22 . a dál fu diud / bith amin ní líach, Trip.² 2477 .

Brought forward with copula in emphatic construction: hóre is amne atáa gl. síc et uos, Wb. 12d7 . is amne atáa gl. ideo enim et tributa praestatis, 6a19 . [mass]u amnin ataam, 13c12 . hóre is amne dognither, 9c14 . is amne asruluús airi gl. sic effugi, 17d16 . mad amne (madmne, MS) labrar, 12c36 . is ámin tra as cert in testimin so, Ml. 62c7 . is amne as coir a lathar gl. sic uult accipi (i.e. in this particular sense), 114a9 . ol is amein attáa, Wb. 32a6 . conadh amhein ba forlann somh ┐ ua N. daén aonta in that way, AFM v 1766.18 . Hence ol is a.¤ since it is so, therefore , Wb. 6c8 , 13a13 (`for it is thus').

With follg. explanatory phrase (late use, cf. 1 amlaid): is amne fuaratar Becan ic figi chasil, LL 358 marg. l. 26 . bá imne tangattar lá borrfadh bríghe, AFM v 1766.z . E. . . . as amne fuair aoidhedh, bheith i mbraighdenus, etc., 1576.23 . as amne battar side fora chionn ina ccodailtighibh gan ḟaitces . . ., 1852.17 . With ocus and phrase: bá imne baoí an caislén hisin ┐ lethanchlais . . . ina uirthimcheall, vi 1896.6 .

Apparently reinforcing adverbs of direction and place: L. . . . fil os adart na himda thall amne oc urgartigud a aiti yonder there, LU 3462 ( SCC 24 ). ced leth atá Emain ? Fathúaid amne to the north there, 4865 (TBC). airm itaat Partraigi . . . ra C. na ríg aniardess amne, TBC-LL¹ 624 . ataat da port mathi frind aness amne, LL 271a5 . Etain indiu sund amne, LU 10670 ( Ériu xii 158 § 23 ). a ḟir ucut án amne, LL 275a11 .

(b) Less explicitly so, accordingly, then (often as mere expletive): cen comrac dó fri mna imne (:aidchi), SR 6179 . maccáem tuchtach amne co ngaisciud do íd . . . atotchomnaic all you are is, etc., LU 5657 . regmai ámin, TBFr. 415 . dobér indass fair . . . amim (sic) at all events(?), LU 4866 = amne, TBC-LL¹ 885 . cingsiu amend dia congno well then, step, etc. LU 5182 (TBC). m'aenurān im'airiclān, m'aenurān imne `all alone thus', Ériu ii 56 § 14 . na secht tinne se amne .i. na se tinni argait ité sé lathe . . ., LL 281b21 . oc na cliathaib sin amne / i n-athaib Elga áine, 20636 . cia cocert robói etroib-si arraír ? Ised so amne ro imraidsem cia cumachta is moo . . . well, this is what we discussed, 282b12 . ullmhaigit na hapstail amne dia lāmhoip badhdēin croch `accordingly', Fl. Earls 112.16 .

Hence as interjection introducing a sentence: amein, ol in gillæ, oc saigid dit acallma Senchāin, Corm. Y 1059 ( Anecd. iv 93 ). amein a Cu Ch. . . . dochóid do gal ┐ do gaisced, LU 8878 ( FB 67 ). amain, or Eochaid, nīcon fil for menmain damsa sin uile, Ériu viii 156.22 . In combination with other particles: amen chena, ni mar gach ní etc., MR 262.24 . maith amin well then, TBC-LL¹ 1837 . maith ameind, IT iii 201 § 68 . amein ane fota cotanac, LL 278b14 . In greeting or question and answer: dotháet Cuillius co Ailill. ameind or Ailill. amne dano or Cuillius undar dait sund comartha, LU 5407 = ameind . . . amne dino, TBC-I¹ 929 . amin . . . amné eim, Ériu xii 176.17 (TE2). maith sin a chlerech arse. amin ar Moling, LL 284a50 . cinnas, ar seseom, do M. ? amein, or in macclērech, KMMisc. 210.10 . tusa dono can asa tanagais ? as in t-shliab amne, Ériu viii 24.9 .

In chevilles: co fargaib and ed imne / secht fichit londláth gaile, TFerbe 881 . seol amne, BB 54b5 . fath amne, CRR 5 .

n ā, [f.] (amus) band or troop of mercenaries: isé toisech dorat crod tuarastail do amsaig, Rawl. 135a21 . faídis C. a amsaig . . . do saigid C., LU 3172 . ragaid das (leg. dar) for n-amsaig, Metr. Dinds. iii 152.15 . do thaisigecht a amsaige imme, LL 2538 .

n o, n. Later m. (Lat. arma). IGT Decl. § 96 , § 204 .

(a) armour, battle-equipment, panoply, etc. Usually collect. in this sense: iter a.¤ ┐ erriud ┐ écosc, BDD² 1077 . do-thoetsat sé chét . . . riasíu ro-soa a a.¤ (perh. a p. here, ed.) . . . iar saigid a airm, 1083 . etach fri lith a.¤ fri nith, Laws i 122.9 . geib sciath is geib slega / on a.¤ niad rot-rubha, Acall. 1036 ( SG 117.9 ) = is airm niadh rod-rubha, Duan. F. ii 176 § 3 . a.¤ timcell cat[h]a `panoply of battle', CCath. 5203 (folld. by descr. of C.'s armour, not weapons). tuicther assin gorop a.¤ is fiu sechtmad loig einech dlighis gach gradh do beith aice, O'D. 877 (H 3.17, c. 629). doire airm, IGT Decl. ex. 405 . ro ḟacsam da trían ar n-airm, LL 204b54 . ní maith bhādar na hĒir[ionnaigh] i n-a.¤ , Cín Lae Ó Meall. 36.17 . a cleas n-airm, Ériu iv 148.2 . ? a shield: Dubgilla dub-airm n-aisse, Metr. Dinds. iv 330.1 .

(b) weapon: bad armatura dei bess lib nábat nacha a.¤ aili, Wb. 22d14 . gaibid armma dǽ foirib gl. armaturam, 11 . combetis arma cholno leu, 13 . act robed arma dæ foirib, 15 . loc i mbiat arma gl. armamentarium, Sg. 35a13 . So also 33a7 . ainmm ṅairm gl. spicum, 104b3 . inna arma dorataissiu doibsom gl. arma, Ml. 44a14 . conarrceoratar a n-arma doib, 26d6 . ar no labraitis demna friu dia n-armaib, conid de batir comarchi forro a n-airm, LU 3236 ( SCC 2 ). atconnarc láechu . . . co n-armmaib, 3762 (ib. 34 ). ba bes lasna geinti a n-adnacal fo n-armaib, Trip.² 804 . a.¤ fir i raei, Laws v 238.20 . fear airm deirg i.e. the murderer taken red-handed, 318.14 . cenmothá fer cech airm dóib ┐ fer cech fir díb, LU 7103 . rúada a n-airm, MU² 441 . cen armu cen fáebru, 644 . lautar forsna harmu they armed themselves, ZCP viii 105.8 . luidhim fom armuibh I swear by my weapons, RC x 342.1 . gabaid bar n-armu cathaigthe, PH 8141 . gabhainn ag déanumh a.¤ n-ard, Magauran 367 . sé go hoidhchi idir armaib / coibchi in Calbaigh hé d'ingin, IGT Decl. ex. 177 . beag mo bhrígh a n-a.¤ an ḟir / garbh asttigh 's as mín amuigh, ex. 690 . mairg do sháith a.¤ ina fheoil (of the piercing of Christ's Body by the lance), Dán Dé xxvi 39 . beith suas i n-a n-armaibh ag forchoimēt dōib `in arms', Fl. Earls 30.29 . a.¤ láma see lám.

Transfd. senses: is iad airm bís acu (of agricultural implements), Laws iv 76.2 Comm. luaidheam cúilteagh . . . / . . . / teach fionn is fraoch ar a a.¤ / is balbh gaoth ós chionn a chearn of keen implements(?), DDána 119.27 . cosgradh cruaidh na n-a.¤ n-amh (of a harper's fingers), Measgra D. 6.20 . ní rī a.¤ acht a.¤ becc beich bee's sting, ACL iii 307 § 18 ( Measgra Uí Chl. 149 ). a.¤ suine .i. gob cuirri (B. na f.), ACL iii 310 § 9 = a.¤ suibne, ZCP xii 361.11 . Of the membrum virile, Laws v 134.1 Comm.

(c) army: tugadh in t-a.¤ don chaislēn, Cín Lae Ó Meall. 26.19 .

Compds. (a) With nouns: ¤-airlech: a fhoirtched ┐ a a. hew him down with his weapon, MR 270.15 . ? ¤-bert: indearaidh d'airmbeartaibh a héigean feats of war, DDána 83.1 . See airmert. ¤-chath: o ri Oilig na n-a. armed battalions, BB 274a39 . ¤-chlaideb: d'armgae d'armclaideb d'armscíath, LL 203a60 . ¤-chletin, TBC-LL¹ p. 273 n.3 . ¤-chosnam: budh argain gan arm-chosnum `it will be destruction beyond the defence of arms', MR 296.3 . ¤-chrech armed foray, RC xiii 96.8 . ¤-chrith (= grith): talumcumscúgud ┐ a., Trip.² 495 . tainic airmchrith (airmgrith v.l.) mor . . . conna roibi sleg for alcuing, CCath. 877 . Cf. 1 grith. ¤-chumtach: ba solas doib dia n-erredaib ┐ dia n-armcumdaigib di ór weaponholders, LB 209b44 ( arc-, Alex. 627 ). ¤-dos: is he ar n-a. (of the Creator), SR 1030 . ¤-dígal: fri hengnom fri hairmdígail `armed vengeance', Metr. Dinds. iii 112.28 . ¤-ḟogrugud clanging of arms, TTebe 1175 . ¤-gae: fuair armgai amrai imdaí, BB 37b2 . ¤-gaisced accoutrements: ro hadnacht co n-armgasciud, LU 9817 . iar facbail a ech ┐ . . . a armgascid, 8529 ( FB 38 ). cethri catha . . . fon armgaiscid, RC xxiii 410 § 21 . Cf. comtis fir fo sciatharmgaisciud, LL 220b31 ( TTr. 261 ). ¤-gal, see separate article. ¤-gein: Ériu ágmar ba h-a. `born among arms', Metr. Dinds. iv 184.10 . ¤-gleó: do iomchradh airmghliaidh `weapon fight', O'Gr. Cat. 501.1 . ¤-gnéithid see separate article. ¤-gonad: a shaoir armghonta `skilled in weapon-wounding', O'Gr. Cat. 456.11 . ¤-gráin: re harmgrain a n-airech the terror of the arms of the chieftains, MR 190.21 . ¤-gres: ro chualadar in a. `the martial strain', Metr. Dinds. ii 30.60 . ¤-grith see 1 grith and -chrith supra. ¤-imbert see airimbert. ¤-lasad: gaedil uime ar a. `glittering in arms', MR 182.14 . ¤-lúirech: umum-sa bid armlúireach `armour', MR 296.22 . ¤-nert: no gu ḟuair eochair airmneirt, BB 31a9 . ¤-nertmaire military strength, TBC St. 4631 . ¤-rand: Fiacha Labraind . . . ós cech armraind `every armed squadron', Metr. Dinds. iii 460.6 . ? ¤-raithe: gasradh armraithe (: anḟlaithe) óg ḟionn fortunate in battle(?), Content. xxi 11 . Cf. armrad. ¤-ṡlaide conflict of arms: da tora Find Almaine / a. ársain dena, LL 296b19 ( SG 363.8 ). ¤-thor armoury, arsenal , GJ iii 50b16 . Fig. a armthuir `o armed lord', O'Gr. Cat. 457.12 . ¤-thríall warlike attempt, expedition: gleo na n-each ar airmthriall creach, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 344.3 .

(b) With adjj.: ¤-chorr: do siol Aonghusa armcuirr, LL 394.21 . ¤-derg: A. a., LL 233a13 ( TTr. 1181 ). Iomchaidh airm-dhearg, ML 12.20 . ¤-détla brave in arms: Ailill airmdhedla, BB 232b45 . U. airmdetla, Duan. F. i 51.33 . ¤-glan: a bhuiden armghlan, O'Gr. Cat. 504.11 . ¤-gér. As n.pr. Airmgēr mac Acarnāmhat, ZCP xiii 174.33 . ¤-gonta wounded by weapons: an fhlaith armgonta ō fhinnGrēig, ZCP ii 350.23 . sluagh armghonta i nothar `weapon-wounded', O'Gr. Cat. 508.14 . ¤-innillte: earr . . . arminnillti `well-armed hero', MR 224.17 . ¤-láitir: fon ocrig . . . n-armlatir, Ann. Conn. 1256.6 . ¤-neimnech: d'óccbhaidh airmneimhnigh, AFM vi 2230.9 . ¤-nocht with unsheathed weapon: láeich armnochta, Miscell. Celt. Soc. 374.23 . tig in Éirinn armórtha 'came ... to Ireland of the golden weapons', Giolla Brighde 194 § 16 . ¤-rúad: ar síol Néill Oilig armruaid, O'Gr. Cat. 410.5 . slúaigh Ailigh armrúaidh (ádhrúaidh, v.l.), PBerchán § 90 . ¤-ṡlán: Eochaid a. airech `arm-proof', Metr. Dinds. iv 100.6 . ¤-thana: Mac Colmán féil a.. `of the slender weapons', BNnÉ 229 § 133 .

v (* ess-lu-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 571 ). Later also with petrified inf. pron. at(ad-)-luí (or early confusion of ad- and as- Ériu xxxv 110 n. 65 ). Indic. pres. 3 s. aslui, Thes. ii 21.36 . asloi, ZCP vii 482 (Enchir. Aug.). adlai, IT ii2 197.17 . atd-lu, MU² 1028 . -elai, Laws i 118.6 . 3 pl. asluat, Ml. 44a17 . -elat, Laws iv 190.12 . ? as-luigit, Ériu lix 124 § 7 . Indic. impf. 1 s. adluinn (adluinid text) (no elaind v.l.), Imr. Brain ii 292. 35 . 3 s. asluad, Ml. 54c21 .

Subj. pres. 3 s. asloa, O'Curry 60 (H 3.18, 21b). 1 pl. -elammar, LU 1161 (ACC). 2 pl. ciacloid (leg. ciatloid, note), Wb. 26a2 . 3 pl. asloat, Anecd. iii 24. 15 . -élat, Ériu i 219 § 9 . ? Pass. sg. co n-elathar (-arlathar, -aicillther v.l.), MU² 560 and Gloss. With ro: 3 s. -rohéla, Wb. 30a10 . -erla, Laws iv 240.3 . 1 pl. -ērlam, Corm. Y 1059 ( Anecd. iv 92.9 ). 3 pl. asrullat, Laws iv 240.6 . Subj. impf. 1 s. aslóinse, Ml. 59a1 . 3 pl. -elaitís, LU 5734 . With ro 3 s. atrullad, Alex. 608 .

Fut. 3 s. atluife, ZCP x 344.2 . 3 pl. as-luífet, BDD² 1158 .

Pret. 3 s. as-la, BDD² 1510 . as-lōe, ZCP xv 343 § 34 . atlōi, Corm. Y 698 ( Anecd. iv 59.15 ). at-lúi, LL 247b25 . as-lōeth, ZCP viii 314.7 . asluíd, BB 25b8 . 3 pl. asluiset, Laws i 64.3 . Perf. 1 s. asruluús, Wb. 17d16 . -erlós, Fing. R. 116 . 2 s. at-rulais, Sc.M² 9 . 3 s. as-rola, Fél. Apr. 3 . as-rulla. Laws iv 240.3. at-rullai, Fing. R. 535 . atrulláe, LU 4376 . adrullui, IT i 144.4 . asrulaid, Metr. Dinds. iii 266.19 . adrulaidh (: churaigh), Anecd. i 62 § 103 . -erlai, SR 5349 . 3 pl. atrullaiset (atruluiset v.l.), Airne F. 186 . -erlaiseat, AFM i 556.4 . atrullatar, Dinds. 125 ( RC xvi 77 ). adrullatar, BB 255b20 . -erlatar, SR 4471 .

Later as simple vb. élaid q.v.

Vn. élúd. IGT Verbs § 64 .

(a) escapes (in physical sense): ni erla nech dib acht aenfher, LB 129a5 . co ro gonad fadeín ┐ co n-erlai iar n-a guin, LL 275a24 . ? asrulaed fo ííí ┐ ro giall Ériu do fo tri he escaped(?), YBL 418b4 = ar aslaesead co fothri . . ., 140a46 . co nerla ina longaibh iar nár a mhuintire, AFM ii 682.6 . In more general sense escapes, absconds, goes off, decamps: lotar (asluat v.l.) anair . . . co hA., Metr. Dinds. iii 442.37 . atlai . . . F. for teicheadh rias na mnaibh, Leb. Gab.(i) 14.20 . nech . . . oca coimet arna ra elat (of bees swarming), Laws iv 174.27 Comm. saithi beach matrollae, ii 420.10 Comm. ag iarraidh bó atrulla (do éló uaidh v.l.) do bhreith laigh, BNnÉ 16.y . gur 'trulla la M. `until she eloped', Todd Nenn. 178.4 .

With o, A(S) or DE (of the person or place escaped from): atrula int-ossar uad, SR 5317 . adlaoi uadhaib Asgall, AFM ii 1176.16 . atdluí Crumthand . . . ass, LU 1527 . nocha n-érlai asin cathraigh acht cía térnai do rind gái, TTr.² 158 . aen duna tesbadachaib atrulladar a Temraig, BB 408b23 . atluí morfesser díb do Cruachnaib Aí, LU 1584 . ? ni n-érlá acht atrullai di rennaib gai, LL 224b49 . With AR: is amne asruluús airi gl. síc effugi manus eius (of St. Paul's escape), Wb. 17d16 . atlui iarom fair co ndechaid issin n-áith do thirad, Irish Texts i 35.3 . as-luífet airib húaire is a sídaib doib, BDD² 1158 . in ērla . . . mo mac-sa foraib? ZCP xiii 178.32 . asloíset Lagin ar Chormac, LL 4908 .

(b) absconds, evades (a legal liability, etc.). Used absolutely: nach deoraidh ... cintach aslai, Laws iv 242.15 . ma nerla mas rulla teit for innile, 240.3 i.e. if a guilty person absconds his chattels become liable. ma atloat gaibter a sesci, ii 120.10 Comm. eisce .i. bith fri hais ┐ adrulla ┐ asrenar eisce immbi ceni tarracht, O'Mulc. 436 . With IMM (of that in respect of which absconding or evasion has taken place): is ima log nenech atrulla in flaith, O'D. 263 (H 3.17, 211). dia nel[a] impu, Laws ii 194.8 Comm. With prep.A: ben aslui a cain lanamna, Laws iv 184.16 . at-rulláe-side a giallai (an giallacus v.l.), ZCP xxvii 28.9 . co n-erlai a rrecht ind rig dodrigne (of Lucifer), Ériu ii 108 § 22 . With AR: raith ar mug aslui ar a flaith, Laws v 224.4 . athgabail eloduig aslui ar a fine, athgabail fuidir aslai ar a flaith, 260.18 .

With accus. bésse inna fedb asluat hiris `who evade the faith', Wb. 29a3 . slógad tar crích fri túa[i]th asidluí, Críth G. 513 . atumluifessa .cxx. annis . . . ┐ do athcuirfe cucum it will depart from me (i.e. the church will be alienated from me) . . . and will revert to me, Trip.² 1842 . athgabail . . . feicheman aslui dligid, Laws i 214.22 . fer aslui flaith `a man who evades [his obligations to] lord', BCrólige 16 . ma as-loa cobach (.i. feichem) tra conna acmai naidm da saigid fair, Bürgschaft 13 § 44 . ben no fer aslui gairi a mathar, Laws iv 184.16 . With figura etymol. ba hēlud as-lōe, ZCP xv 343 § 34 . corup elod aslui inti imma cuirither in t-eisce, O'D. 873 (H 3. 17, c. 624).

In phrase a.¤ sáeth(u) dies(?): slúag E. . . . / asrola sáeth (asaeth v.l.) sétaib, Fél. Apr. 3 .i. ro éla asna saethaib, Fél.² lxxi . asrala ri sacart saethu .i. ro la as ri na sacart a sáethu .i. i n-amsir a etsecta, LU 710 ( ACC 38 ). i n-ucht fiadat . . . asrola samthand saethu, LL 365 marg. sup.

asseverative particle truly, indeed, nay . See GOI 541 . inní nad n-imcai a.¤ immaaccai `is it a thing He does not consider? Yea, He considers it', Ml. 114a15 . a.¤ æm ní fercaigedar gl. num quid irascitur, 24b18 . a.¤ ní chumgaim gl. quasi uero possim, Thes. ii 4.30 . ba doich lim bith i n-athḟocus daib . . . nom-bemis. athe is imḟocus etruinn, IT ii2 190.1 . nír bo sén maith dolodbair . . . do saigid in duni-seo. adde is fir ciatberthar son, 214.50 ( LU 1599 ). cid sin sein . . . adde . . . bídh sin Moraind ondíu co brath he, iii 190 § 16 . adgladustar for leith. a.¤ ni beoga (sic MS., see Aisl. Óeng. 46 n.2 ) do imtecto, RC iii 344.14 . As introductory particle well: a.¤ ar Mel ┐ Melchu fri Brigit, atcuas dún Patraicc do tuidecht, Vita Br. 40 .

n also bantracht (ben + 3 trácht?). ? Orig. n.: b.¤ nEmna, LU 5198 ( b.¤ Ulad, 8230 ). g s. in bantrochta, -achta. n p. -a- banntrachd f., IGT Decl. § 26. Cf. banntracht tsleibi A., RC xxiv 380.17 .

Company of women, female retinue; womenfolk: with sg. or pl. verb: égit in bantrocht, TBC-I² 531 . tothéit ... bantrocht nEmna, TBC-I² 811 . b.¤ coem, SR 6277. alaind b.¤ . . . / ingena Áeda Abrat, LU 3753. do saigid in bantrochta, 8856 ( FB 65 , H). in b.¤ . . . .i. tri coicait ban, TBC-LL¹ 1357. do bhīdīs trī caogaid ban [i n-a b]anntrocht (of a king's daughter), ML² 488. bágh an banntrochta, Prolegomena 45 § 25 . Freq. in pl. Etain ┐ a banntrachta immpi, IT i 128.18 (TE). do mnaib ┐ bantrochtaib, LU 6536. mna ┐ macama ┐ bantrachta na nGall, Cog. 102.5 . brugh na mbantracht mbanda míonla, Keat. Poems 859.

n iā, f. (bó + ríme (rím), Meyer, Ériu iv 72 ). boraime: crolige, AU i 144.5 . bórama: tórama, LL 16841. Occas. bórr- (see Meyer ad loc. cit.) (cattle-) tribute; prey: is ed mairis aga[inn] d'iarsma na boroime ar n-eich, ZCP x 307.2 . co mboraimhe dírímhe ┐ co mbraitt iomdha `cattle spoil', AFM ii 1090.1 . on bóraimhe sin do bhúaibh . . . do lean Bóruimhe don bhaile (see n. loc. below), Ériu iv 73.5 . Specifically of the Bórama or Leinster tribute imposed on the Leinstermen by the Tara kings: luid . . . Loegaire slogad co Laigniu do chuincid na boromi foraib, LU 9795. dobretha ratha fri Laigniu . . . conna íarfad in mboromi céin bad beó, 9799 . corus maith F. . . . in bórime do M., Trip. 554.2 . co saigid na bōramai (boruime, v.l.), ZCP xiii 377.7 . ro-bói ic tobuch na Borroma for Lagnib, RC xiii 42 § 22. is é Tuathal Techtmar tuc bórama a Lagnib i n-inad marbtha a da ingen .i. Fithir ┐ Dárḟini, LL 2924. ro naisc Tuathal in bórama .i. Trí choicait cét bó Tri choicait .c. mucc. Tri coícait .c. lend. Cách díb a bliadain. Da fichet ríg rosfuc ó Thúathal co Finnacta . . ., 2931 . nenaisc bóramai (of a Tara king), 4935 . imm brith uadib / inna bórime, 4962 . mathim na Bórama remission of the B. (by Fínnachta Fledach), 3078 . borrama bar mbúair, 38911 ( SG 384.1 ).

As n. loc. Brīan na Banba a Borumi, ZCP v 23 § 25. ótha Áth mBorrome anair, Ériu iv 72 n.1 . As epithet in n. pr. Brían Bóroma (expl. by Meyer ad loc. cit. as fr. the place-name): bennachtain Bríaín Bóroma (: toga), 71.19 . máthair Bhriain Bóirmhe, ITS i 4.2 . See Keat. iii 4033 ff .

n o, [n.] (1 brú) pl. -aige.

(a) breast, bosom, chest: cliath, ochd, brothlach, b.¤ , Eg. Gl. 122. frith . . . / i mbrolluch C. . . . / noedenan bec in C.'s arms, LL 17989. a b.¤ sneadach (in abusive expression), IT iii 99 § 165 , Bruchst. i 28 § 62. fa tteanfá le b.¤ mná coigcriche = embrace the bosom, Proverbs v 20. go bhfaileóchdáois . . . a mbrollaighe = their breast, RSClára 74b . i mb.¤ chnis `in . . . mid-chest', O'Gr. Cat. 584.4. Of garments, armour, etc.: dar b.¤ in choṅganchnis ` breast-piece ', TBC-LL² 3350 . dar b.¤ na luirighe, CCath. 5603. hi corthair brollaig inair Oengusa, Dinds. 32. tar b.¤ na bocoidi `through the boss of the buckler', Caithr. CC 16. for bernadaib ┐ brollaig[ib] dó, TBC-LL² 4451 = brollachaib, TBC St. 4312. teora cimsa . . . i mbernadaib ┐ brollaigib dó ` scallops and curves' on a garment, LL 32349 ( TTr. 1538 ). mar tá b.¤ ar hatán ` rent (?)' (Notes), TD 38.7 . Perh. difft. wd. in last three exx. Cf. 1 bronnaid.

Other applications: a thonn bháidhte brollaigh cuain (to Mary), Aithd. D. 97.26 . 'n-a mb.¤ in the van, 16.37 . do lethb. in chatha `at one side of the line', Ériu viii 40.13 . b.¤ oidhche at nightfall (?), H 3.18, 10 marg. sup.

(b) Legal. In Laws Comm. dorn, lám i mb.¤ `hand on the breast', a symbolic (?) gesture appar. used in apprehending a debtor or expelling an outsider: aitire gaibhes gnimu nadma aitire són dobeir laím im b.¤ feicheman co nadhmaim le saigid riasíu ascomra, ZCP xiii 24.12 `der den Schuldner zugleich mit einem `naidm' am Brustlatz packt', Bürgschaft 13 § 42. dorn ina b.¤ `holding him (a vagrant) by the collar', Laws i 128.27 . dorn ina brolluch in or críche, muna ti urruidh fo lan, ┐ da ti, is a ic dosidhe .i. lamh ina b.¤ , ii 88.19 , 20 . dorn i n-a b.¤, ar daigin a astaigthi re fiachaib, v 478. 26 = O'Dav. 1262.

(c) In prep. phrases. ar Banba b.¤ to the forefront of B. (a ruler), SG 334.z . i mb.¤ gacha mórshluaig `at the head of every great host', 100.30 . i ndorus (= a mb.¤, v.l.) ifrinn in front of, BNnÉ 216 § 95 . rena b.¤ beside her (?), 164 § 34 . Note also: i mb.¤ in catha ` outset ', Caithr. Thoirdh. 115. 17 (cf. brolach).

conjunction (a use of 1 co, GOI 554 ). There are two forms, co, leniting, with abs. and deut. forms of follg. vb. ( co chutrummaigidir, Ml. 25c12 ; co du-fess, 44a9 ); and co n-, conj. part. See GOI 145 , 299 , 312 . Also cu, Ml. 89d16 , 139a14 , có, 142a1 . In later lang. go (gur), gar, Mac Aingil 4671 etc. See Blathm. 26 note . co n- freq. abbreviated ɔ in earlier lang. even where nasalizing n would not normally appear, e.g. ɔrici, Wb. 33b18 , ɔticfad, TBC-LL¹ 963 . Somet. even with con in full: con ropu, Ml. 67c9 . Cf. ɔṅdárbastar, Sg. 211a10 . See GOI 554 , TBC-LL¹ p. 1099 . Neg. of co is coni ( coní, Sg. 209b13 ), of co n- con(n)á etc. ( GOI 539 ). connar bo, TBC-LL¹ 2548 . go nach beath, DDána 74.68 . With inf. pron. ( GOI 258 ). 1 s. co-ndum-fel, Wb. 3c38 . condomarrgabad sa, 17d14 . conom thicisea except me, LU 8368 ( FB 24 ). 3 s. m. n. condidtuctis, Wb. 21c21 . conidtuccid, 11 . conid chuale, Ml. 20a2 . 1 p. condin-roirea, Wb. 29b16 . 2 p. Condubtanicc, Wb. 5c10 . condibfeil, 24c4 . 3 s. f. and 3 p. con-da-r-íccad, 4d19 . conda-tuárgabusa, 26d10 . an frim céin córda sille, LU 3907 ( SCC 37 ). conda tucsa, Fraech 278 . For forms with copula see 1 is (I 307.61, 310.9 , 39 , 311.44 , 312.45, 313.4, 16, 21, 49, 65, 314.22, 33, 315.11, 23, 65 , 317.76, 318.58, 319.12, 63, 75, 320.48, 83 321.3 etc.).

On usage see GOI 342 , 554 ff. (possible difference in meaning between co and co n-; co rare outside O. Ir. glosses, see Translator's Note no. 197).

1 With indic. so that, and (consecutive): co gl. quo (. . . fatetur), Ml. 130c22 . con fri fuili foichliter, Bretha 25 . con[n]á heisedar, Críth G. 176 . ɔricub-sa cucuib `so that I shall come unto you', Wb. 32a27 . ɔarrceoratar a n-arma doib gl. ut doficerat eis quod in nos torquere possint, Ml. 26d6 . is co durogabsat, 108a6 . tremi-berar . . . conid ainm dun chrunn, Wb. 8a5 . ɔaich rann so that it is not, Sg. 212a6 . ar a coitcinne na cladh sa gu nach urasa cín dagra for a tigernaib, Laws iv 222.1 Comm. ɔruptar fadirci ind usci Ml. 40d16 . connar bo leír, TBC-LL¹ 2548 . With vb. of motion forming prep. phrase: téit co téit isa teach he goes into the house, BDD² 280 . ránic C. co mbuí hi faichchi na Bruidne came to, 507 . táncatar . . . co mbátar i ndorus etc., Sc.M² 5 . With as-beir introducing direct speech: mná . . . do gabāil chepóce . . . co n-ērbrat saying, Sc.M² 20 . atgládastar . . . B. co n-epert, LU 8235 ( FB 18 ). con-erbairt = dicens, Lat. Lives 1.4 . Freq. with copula and personal form of prep.: conid airi so that that is why, Sg. 189b2 . conid and atá otharlige a chind and that is where, RC iii 182.5 . conid and atbert c.¤ , 178.27 . conid de atá . . . whence is, 181.36 (cf. conid iarsin, y). conid de ro ainmniged . . . , Fraech 107 . Similarly: conid innisin . . . sin so that that is the story, TBC-LL¹ 1388 . co n-id di-a deoin dochoid, PH 2374 . As mere sentence-connective: robo trom tra la Moingḟind an ni sin, co n-ebairt fria macaib . . . , RC xxiv 194.25 . luid . . . co mbensom, LU 4907 (historic pres. rare in this use, GOI 331 ). luidseom . . . co tubart a láim tairrsiu, BDD² 141 . lasin donic ingabuir chuci corragaib mīr assathóib and took, RC iii 184.31 . dotaet . . . C. do tsiriud in dithruibh cetna, co riacht in tobur and he reached the spring, vi 175.28 . ro selaig C. . . . co tarat . . . co ragaib . . . co toracht, LU 8460 - 1 ( FB 31 ). Cf. loech foltfind lebar co mbeanad folt braine a da imda whose hair reached, etc., RC xxiv 184.6 . For stereotyped co cloth ní introducing rhetorics ( LU 5449 etc.) see Celtica vii 79 ff. See also viii 155-60 and Ulidia i 251-53 . See further Celtica ix 117 (as co) 118 (ar co), 133 (mod. mar is fearr go dtiocfaidh leat, etc.).

2 In special consecutive use in `which the subject of the clause is taken out of its logical position, and placed (under the government of the principal verb, though often almost absolutely) before the introductory conjunction and copula' ( PH p. 594 ). See further O'Brien Celtica ii 348 , C. O'Rahilly viii 162 . is rad dée immumforling conda apstal gl. gratia Dei sum id quod sum `God's grace has caused me to be an apostle,' Wb. 13b6 . is di chéin immunrordad condan maicc togu gl. qui praedestinauit nos in adoptionem filiorum, 20d10 . dobrograd condibfeil icorp crist gl. electionem uestram, you have been called to be members of C.'s body, 24c4 . In the follg. exx. rather with explicative force: o du raidhmisiot . . . / iosa com bu thorisi that J. was etc., Blathm. 55 . domuinet sochaide, na hapstail co n-id as cech berla ro-labairset, PH 5485 . is demin cuirp na hesergi co mbat foille, 6746 . atnaigh . . . aichne fair, conar bé A., TE 12 Eg. Similarly perh.: mainba æcne lib act conda anecne gl. ne quis me putet insipientem esse, alioquin velud insipientem accipite me, Wb. 17c10 . [no] ghnathaigeth U. aingel co torraimed indí Pátraic, Trip.² 215 .

3 In quantitative contexts (to the extent) that, (so much so) that: in sí a meit friscomartatar co ndo[d]sitis huili a fide have they offended to the point of falling a fide? Wb. 5b11 . attá diṡeirc la laitnori innangrec co seichetar cid a comroircniu the Latinists are so fond of the Greeks that they imitate even their errors, Sg. 1a2 . ba hé a méit co cathaigtis co corptha na demna frisna doínib, LU 4036 ( SCC 49 ). boí tra dia fot na lamae co rroacht tar na teóra fuithairbe the arm was so long that it reached, 9069 ( FB 82 ). ba he med na dochraidi co mba hecin di . . . , RC xxiv 190.7 .

4 until (with `the indicative or subjunctive according to the character of the sentence as a whole', GOI 555 and cf. 330 ). With pres. ni ib fínn combi mescc gl. non uinolentum, Wb. 28b24 . co mbí, Críth G. 83 . co ndichet till he goes, 28 . co roglea dó until he has finished, Mon. Tall. 133.16 . ní rach . . . / don Charraig . . . / taireise go rabh a-rís / damh, Aithd. D. 32.16 . Freq. with verbs of coming to, reaching in prep. phrases, see do-icc, ro-icc (cf. orta co rís in corthe, LU 3334 ), 100.36 . With pret. and perf.: con-dub-tanicc misericordia Dei , Wb. 5c10 . conda-tuárgabusa, 26d10 . co bba till it was, BDD² 12 (for co mba? corbo, D). co nderglē till I made up my mind, Sc.M² 4 . asbertatar . . . co comarsatis in dá adnacul . . . ní comroicfed . . . , Airne F. 148 . In later lang. also with fut.: gearr go mbia, DDána 26.8 . See cotá.

5 As connective marking subordination after verbs of saying and in various other contexts that (with subj., later also condit. and indic.): a n-asberid a Iudeu coni cloitis geinti tairchital Crist, 5a8 . as n-é tairrchet . . . combad adramail in macc conróbad écoscc a cheneóil fair, 6d6 . nád chumaing aranísar and coní enggnatar gníma, Sg. 209b13 . ? is écen ɔṅdárbastar, 211a10 . coní ecmi nád n-airchissa act is co arcessea (it happens) that he does spare, Wb. 5b35 . atbertsat . . . co leicfitis, LU 9023 ( FB 77 ). forairngert-sa . . . co ragad méla . . . fort, TBC-LL¹ 647 . dá mbeath go dtuillinn, Aithd. D. 95.13 . do fhóbair go ndearnainn dearmad, 38.16 . tuig . . . go raibhe . . . , TSh. 22 . go dtarla . . . gur mhionuigh ┐ gur bhris, 59 . ó ataoi dall . . . 's gar mían leat etc., Mac Aingil 4671 . gar cōir dhuit etc. (title), 1033 . toingim-se . . . co ná fil, Ériu iv 98.10 . ní mōr go mbui ar comus dōip `they were scarcely able', Fl. Earls 88.12 . As connective particle in ar eagla go, do bhríogh go etc., see TSh. tre go bhfuighedis, Luc. Fid. 3269 .

6 In O. Ir. with subj. glossing Lat. ut, ne (final): coni gl. (timens) ne, Ml. 22d12 . gl. uti, Sg. 213a5 . ɔrop imdu de duún gl. ut abundet, Wb. 3a12 . co beit amal innahí nad tectat sétchi gl. ut sint, 10b5 . co remifoil gl. ut . . . anticipiet, Ml. 23a8 . co asagnoither gl. ut intelligatur, Sg. 180b2 . commimis less huili gl. ut et mortuorum et uiuorum dominetur, Wb. 6b21 . co ngnemmis gnímu colno gl. ut . . . uiuamus, 4a9 . co fu-crothad .i. co chon-scarad gl. ut . . . cassaret, Ml. 23b14 . có gl. quo (maior . . . prauitas appareret), 29a5 . co gl. quo . . . possint, 74c10 .

7 With subj. so that, in order that. Pres. condib dídnad domsa, Wb. 1b1 . con festar cách gl. scientia, 12c38 . cona roib etarcéin, 26a14 . corbu du reir nach aili labraimme gl. nostro iuri in loquendo, non alieno seruimus imperio, Ml. 31b16 . ni nád ndenam-ni acht is co dugnem, 23c6 . conna dechsam i n-adradu idal, 62d1 . coni taibrea feuchrai fírmessa foraib, 109c14 . mad he herchoiliud cétne persine in sin .i. conibbé dese and, Sg. 199b4 . ɔnábé and, 166a3 . co ti N. do bar n-eadrain `so that N. may come to separate you', RC xxiv 194.26 . tíagsa co n-ardu tenid I'll go and light a fire, BDD² 286 . cid is áil duib . . . co ndernur what do you want me to do ? PH 4414 . congain liom go leanar help me to follow, DDána 2.7 . Impf. co no pridchinn a indocbáil, Wb. 28a7 . combad aurlam cách dia bathis, 8a4 . ɔrobad cech brathair post alium , 34a4 . conaib fir, Ml. 31d9 . confresced in popul á íc, 136d1 . co mbin cosmail fri encu, 91b7 . cinged issin sliab co tabrad fiad `to fetch a deer', Arch. Hib. ii 70 § 5 . oc imchosnum, comtis hé cétnarístais, Airne F. 135 . atbert in ríg, go ructha that he should be brought, PH 1329 . a bhreath don bhoct do-bhire / go nach beath ort oirbhire, DDána 74.68 .

8 With impf. subj. of copula and subst. vb. introducing a tentative or alternative explanation: combad notire rodscribad cosse gl. salutatio mea manu Pauli, up to this point it is no doubt the work of a scribe (an epistle), Wb. 27d16 . co mbad si amser sin rongabthe in salm apparently it was then . . . , Ml. 24d7 . combad ho ṡuidiu iarum pepigi gl. antiqui `pago' . . . dicebant pro `paciscor', and that, presumably, is the origin of, Sg. 181a3 . combed secunda gl. de aliquo habet locutionem, 200a1 . ɔnabeth foraithmet dǽ hi suidiu gl. id non dixit absolute etc., Ml. 22d26 . no, go na beith acht trian and dogres `or, according to others, there is never more than one-third', Laws iv 196. 12 Comm. no guna tuctha acht einní dib do gach thir, 162 note (Comm.). no comad a cáer . . . no ásad, Airne F. 55 .

9 In wishes (see Murphy Lyrics p. 255 ): conarbera dam . . . fri M. `say to M. for me', Mon. Tall. 150.7 . gurab tu ar comairge, Ériu i 122.24 . co rop é in læch . . . may he be the warrior . . . , TBC-LL¹ 1151 . go roibh linn . . . / . . . banaltra thrí dtighearna, DDána 9.1 tocht id leith gur mheala mé, 25a.25 . Perh. also: conná' musnágat may they not fear each other, LU 9091 ( FB 84 ).

10 With prec. conj. forming compound conjunctions. See 1 acht (A 21.59), 1 ara (A 372.12, 24 etc.), cen (114.78), 2 cía (170.85), cían (180.39), dáig (D 19.44), dochum (D 229.60 ), indas (I 218.42). For use with prec. neg. adv. see nícon (N 45.79, 46.4, 11).

11 After positive, compar. or super. adj. used adverbally: mar is lúaithe co tairnig, Maund. 38 § 57 . marus ferr co fetfaitis, RC xix 26 § 19 . luaithiu con-rānic Maelodrān, Fing. R. 1023 . cid lúath condránic in gilla, LL ii 8791 .

12 After ocus (generally introducing different subject): dotháet Findabair assind uisciu. & facbaid in claideb i llaim Fraech. ┐ co mben a chend den míl, LL v 33282 . dobert Cu Chulaind side da ṡaigid ┐ co topacht a chend de, iv 23220 . delbaid a richt cacha fírcharat etir ḟir ┐ mnai fos, ┐ co léiceann cach a rún ria, Acall. 5680 .

(also perh. with -ě-) Also -lécud, -lécad. u,[m.] vn. of con-airléici. act of allowing, permitting; permission; act of seeking permission : do chomairleciud in popuil asin doiri gl. in remisionem captiuitatis, Ml. 123a11 . ar comarleciud inna lama-sum `letting us fall into their hands', 87a7 . don chomairleciud gl. permisioni, 44d20 . 87a9 . 125a10 . comarlecud dó lom di midc do chumusc ar usci, Mon. Tall. 136.10 . im ar comarlecad do saigid ar corp doridisi, ACL iii 225.7 . ní tucusa comad chomarlécud do E., LU 10905 `until I had E.'s leave', Ériu xii 185 § 14 . iar comarlecudh do P. in mithisiu when P. had granted this respite, TTr. 2098 ( LL 406b41 ). ro faoidhsiut techta co Niall . . . dia comhairlécciudh dhōiph dul i n-aghid Uludh to ask his permission to march against, ZCP xiv 224.9 . robad ┐ comarlécud dé, Alex. 1031 . goro goireadh Ó Domhnaill de gan comhairleccadh d'fior ionaitt an rígh, AFM vi 2344.3 (`without consulting'). a comairlécud by permission (?), Alex. 1026 .

In Laws of allowing a wrong-doer to escape: an comarlégad, a legad fon coill, O'Curry 359 ( H 3.18, 198 ). lanfiach . . . isin comarlécud, O'Curry 357 (197). leth in cinaid i comarlécud in furfocraig cid ria ndenam cinaid, 356 (197). fiach comairleicthe no leasaigthe, 1893 ( 23 P 3, 22 c ). Cf. lesugud ff.

n = combráithres: acht muna rabhadar coimfhialusa no combraithri cheana, BB 301a16 . do choidich in combraithri / . . . / im saigid doib a fir `the brotherhood ' (of the Airgíalla), Ériu xvi 184 § 45 .

n (Lat. communio) n s. appar. also comna. g s. comna(e), a d s. comna(i), pl. comna. Somet. infld. by commann (see Fél. Ep. 189 , LL 4258 infra), and in later lang. by commaín.

In sg. and pl. communion : comann .i. comunion no commaoineacha, O'Cl. coingi (= cuindchid?) comna no lega do neoch biss fri bas, Laws i 266.23 . baithas ┐ comna, iii 32.30 Comm. Ériu i 219.4 . co tabrath coman di, Vita Br. 26 . intan dobert commain dó (c.¤, v.l.), Thes. ii 319.53 (Hy. ii). ba comnai ┐ ba cretra in ḟuil-sin `Communion and Creature', RC ix 20.9 . is cretar, is communn (of Fél.; sic also v.ll.), Fél. Ep. 189 . fri tabhairt comne do, Mon. Tall. 156.32 (§ 71) . saigid fir gráidh fri comnai (chuimne, cummi, v.ll.) `for the sake of communion', Ériu ii 208 § 32 . arole senntond dicōid do c[h]omnai, ZCP vi 259.1 . ar daigh cumna [┐] sacarbaici, Grail 874 v.l. éc fri commain ┐ aithrige, Ann. Inisf. 1062.2 . can chommaind (:dodaiṅg) (a death), LL 4258 . rochaith comaind ┐ sacarbaigg do láim . . . Erc, Ériu iv 160.22 . comaind in Coimded `communion', MR 232.22 . áoinní da mbenann d'oifficc na marbh nó an chomuinn = Communion, RSClára 80b . gnath leo aifrionn ┐ comaoineacha do beith aca, Rule of Tallaght 9 . tiagaid . . . do chomáoinechuibh = shall communicate, RSClára 97a . comaoineacha do ghlacadh, Parrth. Anma 610 . Dardaoin na ccomaoineach Holy Thursday, 3571 .

Perh. in secular sense in: i commuin (commun, comain, v.ll.) fáth `into the communion of sciences', RC xxvi 26 § 101 ( LL 24514 - 5 ). ? i comanaib tratha, O'Curry 788 ( H 3.18, 368a ) = comardaib, Laws i 102.25 . Pejoratively: inde fir comna cuil cuige cirt .i. . . . coirpdire . . . ar in fer dorinne in comna cu[i]l sin, O'D. 773 ( H 3.17, 555 ) `guilty compact(?)', Plummer MS. notes. Cf. i focus comna gaite, O'Dav. 900 . ? Euphemistically of sexual union: sacart ic denam comna / ic baisded, bec a tarba `practising coition', Fél. 228.32 = saccart occ dēnum comna / a bhaistedh becc a thorba, Bruss. 5100, 91b cited Contribb. 447 `keeping company'. o tri tondaib .i. tond fhola ┐ tond comna ┐ tond sceathraigi, cited Auraic. Gl. s.v. comna . tonn fola ┐ tonn sgeithi ┐ tonn comna, O'Curry 307 ( H 3.18, 169 ) = 2100 (H 4.22, 75a) `illusio nocturna(?)', Plummer MS. notes. ? cach ferda .i. gach ball ferda ┐ cach comna ferda . . . cach comna banda `condition', Auraic. 1463 - 5 = cuma, 4566 - 8 .