pron. the one, each, everyone, all, etc. gen. cáich, later also cáig ( chách, Párl. na mB. 985 , 1038 v.l.). IGT Decl. § 64 . Takes sg. vb., in later lang. either sg. or pl. (see PH 1053 , 1426 , DDána, Aithd. D.). As antecedent of rel. clause often with prec. art. in. Note also: cith anidan ind c.¤ `though all (who bring it) be impure', Mon. Tall. 160.2 . don c[h]ach sin to each of those(?), Laws iv 196.22 Comm. Unstressed form cach (separate entry). See GOI 310 - 11 ; O'Brien, Ir. Hist. Stud. i 351 .

(a) In general sense (the) one, each one, everyone, all, all others, the rest : do Duaid sech c.¤ , Ml. 36c11 . diglae for cach, 37c21 . hua ch.¤ , 56b45 . dibochtai chaich, 61a9 . dulogaid do ch.¤ `ye forgive everyone', 65a10 . it huaisliu c.¤ gl. transcendis, 108d2 . dénum maith fri c.¤ gl. operemur bonum ad omnes, Wb. 20c17 . precept do c.¤ gl. Grecis et Barbaris, sapientibus et insipientibus debitor sum, 1b8 . a n-imdibe adchi c.¤ , 2a2 . doberat maldact in for c.¤ , 2a23 . is dílmain la c.¤ ar n-orcun-ni, 4b23 . is sain dán cáich, 5d5 . nertad ch.¤ `let him encourage everyone', 5d11 . a n-as maith la c.¤ dénad gl. unusquisque, 6b18 . taiccéra c.¤ dará chen fessin gl. unusquisque nostrum, 6b28 . ícce caích tri iriss gl. dies salutis, 15d24 . ni fiad ch.¤ gl. seorsum his . . . , 18d8 . i taig ríg amal . . . i taig cáich, gl. in ceteris omnibus, 23b9 . condid diib ro gab c.¤ deissemrecht gl. omnibus credentibus, 24c14 . nad soiriu cach `is not nobler than anyone (else)', Sg. 161b10 . cáich auuair `every man's in turn', Thes. ii 235.15 . is cāich a hūair a n-āros so, ZCP viii 312.3 . sluind dó ri cāch brēthir, beir dó ri cāch brēthir, xi 80.22 . ma fri cinta caich fadesin gabur athgabail `of the person himself', Laws ii 100.8 . amra! amra! ol c.¤ they all said, TBFr. 290 . lí súla cáich, LU 8319 ( FB 23 ). ropo thír cāich ala n-úair it belonged to others, Hail Brigit 2 . i ndíaid cāich after everyone else, BColm. 94.28 . nach síoth broide cheanglaid c.¤ , DDána 3.9 . mór do ch.¤ do chuaidh, PBocht 5.41 `much of the world', notes. c.¤ `thy foes', Aithd. D. 20.23 . nachar scríobh neach oile do c.¤ `none of the others', Keat. iii 441 . gibē ele do ch.¤ `of the rest', RSClára 134b . ní fiú éin-ní c.¤ = nihil prosunt caetera, TSh. 9402 . fear mar chach an ordinary man, Luc. Fid. 5060 , Dánta Gr. 34.24 . fonn . . . a cc.¤ eile dhá mholadh to be fond of being praised by others, Desid. 765 . arnach dechsad fo cāch inro triallsat `that it might not get about', Grail 3356 . luid L. dano cumma cháich with the rest, Fing. R. 339 . a ccumma chaigh, Hugh Roe² 10.9 .

(b) In sequence cách . . . alaile the one . . . the other, one another, each other : c.¤ fri alaile gl. inuicem, Wb. 1c1 ; 5d15 , 21d12 , 22b9 . is ball c.¤ dialailiu gl. alter altirius, 5d4 . con rochra c.¤ alaile gl. in alterutrum, 6d1 . forcanad c.¤ alaile gl. loquentes uobismet ipsís in salmis, 22c8 . ó ch.¤ dialailiu, Críth G. 9 . cotnerig cach díb diaraili rose up against each other (of three warriors), LU 8993 ( FB 74 ). With céile: natiubrad c.¤ a chéle gl. inuicem, Wb. 9d20 . celebrais c.¤ dia-cheile díb, RC iii 180.5 .

(c) With follg. prep. DI, ó in partitive sense: ní tucai c.¤ dib belrae alaili gl. nulla gens, Ml. 42c7 . cach díb i ndiad alaili gl. ut semen eius continua successione regnaret, 42b5 . c.¤ díob, Mon. Tall. 132.14 . c.¤ úaib contra alium gl. inuicem, Wb. 25a34 . tuitfidh c.¤ uaibh you will all fall, DDána 10.2 . See cach I (d).

(d) With follg. emphasizing word: cach uile, LB 132b11 . re cach etir `with the rest', Cog. 168.13 . do fen . . . ┐ do chach archena, TTebe 1500 .

(e) With follg. rel. clause he (who) (see O'Brien, loc. cit., Bergin, OIPG 208 ) everyone (who), all (who) (the sg. and distributive senses cannot in all cases be distinguished with certainty): aineclann cháich as a aí of the owner (of a mill), Críth G. 240 . bennacht for cach ó tuctha on him who has given it, Vita Br. 27 . bennacht . . . for cach donancamar, Anecd. i 11.19 ( SCano 350 ). ba calma cach isa cend `valorous was he', Ériu v 244.205 . c.¤ thanic and (in cách, v.l.) he who is there, TBC-LL¹ 5290 . In sense of everyone, all : ó ch.¤ nád fil and gl. quicunque sunt fratres, Wb. 24b30 . sech c.¤ fodglein olchene `beyond all others who learn it', Ml. 37b12 . c.¤ rodgab `every one who has sung it', Thes. ii 349.8 (Hy. ii). do-bebae do-beba . . . cāch boī cāch bias, ZCP xi 85 § 37 . mairg c.¤ roda-ortsom, Fél. Prol. 57 .

(f) With preceding article in singular sense: ni thucci in c.¤ rod chluinethar he that hears it, Wb. 12c46 (see OIPG 208 ). in cāch dosfuc do bethu, Thes. ii 316.4 (Hy. ii). menmain (accus.) iond caich dia n-aisnedtar, Mon. Tall. 127.19 . in cach ferus na fuili he who inflicts, BCrólige 58 n.1 . cosin c.¤ no charim. Fél. Ep. 50 . fo bíth . . . in cháich o tudchad, LU 3431 ( SCC 20 ). mo-ngenar do'n chach do-s-gní, PH 8423 . gach cara . . . / loiteas an c.¤ nos carond `who injures his lover', O'Hara 1270 . croidheadha an cháich léghfeas, Desid. 120 . In sense of everyone, all : in c.¤ dobeir . . . frisin c.¤ diatabir `every one' (he who ?), Sg. 188a31 . in c.¤ gl. omnis . . . qui . . . , Ml. 43a1 . ní lat in c.¤ forsa mmitter, Wb. 6b22 everyone ? (perh. he who , Bergin, OIPG 208 ). tri hiris in cháich cretes, 2b11 . for in cach is rig `against every king', Laws iv 52.12 . dígde ind caich rocradis `to beseech pardon of everyone thou hast offended', Mon. Tall. 141.25 . Pl. sense seems intended in: is foirbthe in c.¤ diaro scribad et ni ecen acairigud ref. to omnibus sanctis , Wb. 23a10 . don chach frisambí immalde de aos sruith `in regard to such elderly people as live with him', Mon. Tall. 152.23 . ag díubhrugud in cháich boí annsa tor, Cóir Anm. 146 . So also: robtar foiltigh remibh an c.¤ baoi fora ccind, Hugh Roe² 50.9 .

(g) In phr. ar ch.¤ , a ch.¤ , sa ch.¤ in general, on the whole : truagh sa ch.¤ an comhorrtha `what a sad portent', O'Hara 1588 . ? aonrāith a gc.¤ do choigleas, Butler Poems 930 `of all dwellings the one I have chosen', Gloss. Usually with comparatives indicating successive increases in the quality denoted by the adj. (Engl. bigger and bigger, the bigger): trummu á peccad ar ch.¤ nachmod formberat `their sin is heavier and heavier as they increase', Ml. 71c1 . combat foirbthiu ar ch.¤ for ṅgnímae `more and more perfect', Wb. 13d29 . ní ba messu ar ch.¤ a ngné, Metr. Dinds. ii 22.56 . is ferr a chāch it is better than ever, Bruchst. i 62 § 141 . iss messa a cach ar cach ló, IT i 121.23 ( TE 7 Eg.). ní ba mó ach.¤ óṡeo immach ever greater, Metr. Dinds. iii 46.83 . ni bot scithæ acach at all, RC xii 82 § 80 . fuaire a ch.¤ a-taoi fám chionn ever colder. Dánta Gr. 86.8 . With omission in writing of unstressed a: iss assu 'ch.¤ lind, MacCongl. 103.18 . budh truime ch.¤ ar gcodladh, Dán Dé xvii 6 . núidhe ch.¤ , PBocht 1.38 . With sa: ní mo ní lugu sa chach hí it is neither bigger nor smaller, BB 262b19 . fa ferr sa c.¤ do bi sí an uair sin féin it grew better and better from that very time, ITS xvi 56.18 . teirce sa c.¤ mo charuid, KMMisc. 358.9 . móide sa c.¤ do chuntas, A. Ó Dálaigh xl 7 . nī lugha-sa-chāch nō `not less than', Fl. Earls 70.8 . ní lughaide-sa-chāch roimeglaighset `nevertheless', 30.31 .

? teccait āigid, fācboit ail, / saigit go glain nGāidil ngil / nocha chumai cāch is cách / dia ferta-sa an fāth, a fir, ZCP xii 292.10 .

n o, m. g p. chúiledh, Bard. P. 40.24 . for caúlæ , Mon. Tall. 151.17 . for caula , Ann. Conn. 1235.8 . ar culad , MR 264.z .

(a) back, rear; back of head, neck: cūl a collo , O'Mulc. 255 . o bun irlai co clais a chuil, LL 12968 . it é comlebra for c.¤ ┐ étan, BDD² 747 . tria ch.¤ a cind, TBC-LL¹ 1267 v.l. da nimpōind m'aiged i lleth atā mo chūl, TBC-I¹ 2580 . c.¤ a cinn `back of his head', Stair Erc. 587 . do iompoigh sé a ch.¤ d'imtheacht ó Sh., 1 Sam. x 9 . Also side, edge (?): ata cloch againne danad ainm iris ┐ .u. cula bis uirre, Celtica ii 125.147 . Of head of hair, hair on back of the neck: punnann chúil bhuidhe bhachlaigh, IGT Decl. ex. 583 . fine Chais na ccul ndruimneach, Manners and Customs iii 273 1. 20 of note. c.¤ mar ómra, Keat. Poems 197 . tighearna M. an chúil bhuidhe, O'Rah. 220.2 . In metonymy (pars pro toto): a ch.¤ na ród `o wavy-tressed Lord', Aithd. D. 70.21 . a fhir ṡochair ┐ a chul urbhaidhi, RC xliii 62.7 . Note also: céad cathbarr . . . / go g-c.¤ trom crest, ML 146.17 .

Appar. protection, keeping (if same word) in: indae do indell i cul [.i.] i comet . . . .i. aindil atai a cul a comet, Laws i 36.y—z . doberind culu (.i. comet) ar gart Find, LL 29424 (B. na filed). cul .i. coimed, Stowe Gl. 275 . cul coimhéd, Metr. Gl. Ff. 30 , 50 . D 45 . cul .i. comairce, O'Curry 2068 ( H 4.22, 67 ). mascul .i. mas fer, ┐ cul, comet, Auraic. 604 . ? C. ó nGuaire ní c.¤ creach, Magauran 173 (see n.).

Attrib. g s. annsin nincind chúil `in the posterior brain', O'Gr. Cat. 181.33 . a inchinn chúil, MR 282.6 . do thuit a cloch cúil d'Eirinn ` buttress-rock ', O'Gr. Cat. 400.3 . a gcloch chúil an gcéin do mhair, DDána 110.1 . a chré chúil supporting bank (of Mary), Aithd. D. 54.2 . an ccéibh ngobhlánuigh ccais ccúil, IGT Introd. § 81 .

In n. pr. Fotharta Fer Cūl, ZCP viii 301.23 .

(b) In phrases: c.¤ fri act of turning one's back on, renouncing; desisting from: c.¤ risin mbith, IGT Decl. ex. 617 . menma re cill / cūl re tuaith, ACL iii 306 § 9 . ní leam c.¤ red chíos-sa `I cannot rid me of my debt', Dán Dé xii 10 . In pn sobriquet C.¤ fri Héirinn (of Colm Cille), ZCP v 497 § 6 . Cf. isam [trú] gan ch.¤ re crudh `with no wealth to rely on (?)', Aithd. D. 62.6 . With vbs.: a ch.¤ do chur re peacadh to renounce sin, DDána 7.8 . iomdha bean . . . / . . . bhíos ag cor a gcúil re chéile, LBranach 5640 . cul do thochar friar naimdibh, Hugh Roe² 46.1 . dorat cul fri clotha who scorned fame (?), BB 299a24 . tuc cūl don loch, Feis Tighe Chonáin 1208 . cul do thabhairt don eagluis Romhanaigh, Luc. Fid. 2855 . ar dtabhairt cúil diath Fhionntoin, Gleanings from Irish manuscripts 8 § 2 . ni thuccus c.¤ don oineach, BNnÉ 286.25 .

Very freq. with prec. FOR, IAR etc. as adv. phr. (for cúl, cúlu etc. back, backwards ) and as prep. phr. at the back of, behind ). As adv. phr. forcul gl. retro, Ml. 34b15 . techt forculu, 129d3 . dluthad . . . forculu, 50d6 . forculu gl. in terga, 26c8 . airimhthear in geinelach for culu, BB 35a34 . tíagait for cúlu, BDD² 471 . luid insruth forc.¤ , SR 7147 . conda tuc C. . . . for cúlu, Fing. R. 151 . leabhor do clōdh forcula ó theangaidh na T. to translate, Marco P. 1 . nó gur chuir M. ar cúla in céadfuidh sin refuted, Caithr. Thoirdh. 74.25 . A. Ó C. do chur ar cc.¤ `was removed' (of bishop), ALC ii 458.21 . tuile do char ar gcúlaibh, Aithd. D. 88.12 . Note also: a séan catha ar gcúl do-chóidh 'her success in battle vanished', Celtica xxvi 104 § 43 . dol ar cc.¤ ón sttaidd so = depart from, RSClára 17b . coibnes na liachtanu-su for cúla previous, PH 2986 . cēim ar cūlaib a step backwards, ML² 1380 . céim ar cc.¤ , 1462 . fosernd clothrī Connacht īer cūl places himself behind, ZCP viii 108.7 . gan lámh ar gc.¤ uile againn support, Dán Dé xix 18 . an corp . . . / . . . ar gc.¤ do bhaoi beo `came back to life', PBocht 5.39 . geilfini iar culaib .i. brathair thathar, ┐ mac co cuicer beos, Laws ii 162.1 Comm. rachad ar cc.¤ ┐ ar ccúla ┐ ar ccúlaibh .c. uile, Bard. Synt. Tr. 219.16 . dlegur ar tus a glanadh mailli re neithib inglanas ┐ cuiris an tinnes ar cul, Irish Texts v 32.6 .

As prep. phrase: docoid in grian fora culu gl. solis . . . regressio, Ml. 43d27 . ind raibi athcomare lat iar do ch.¤? `didst thou ask permission of those whom thou didst leave?' Mon. Tall. 135.x . in son file iarcul indi as sanctis `behind', Ml. 37a18 . fuchertat alaim iárna c.¤ gl. auertunt a gremis ad dorsum manum, 93a25 . iarnach. `behind it', Sg. 148b9 . bariagolda anainmmsin arach.¤ , 31b21 (see n.). diatechta briathra in go arac.¤ `if they have verbs in `-go' behind them,' 112b3 . ambís iarna chúul dindséit gl. quae quidem retro sunt, Wb. 24a17 . itá nách cumachta fora cul na n-én sa those birds have some occult power, LU 3276 ( SCC 7 ). læch . . . is dech robói ar c.¤ scéith ┐ claidib ┐ gai, TFerbe 386 . iar c.¤ na comlad, SR 3208 . ar c.¤ comhóil at a banquet (?), O'Hara 1839 . gabh an cúan ar c.¤ Árann, IGT Decl. ex. 1128 . er cul Peter apstel `on behalf of', Thes. ii 289.18 . is eiside ciado-rat raith iar cul dligid a n-Eire, Laws v 348.2 cited s.v. cul .i. tareis, O'Dav. 480 . cutrumus leth-iarrata . . . ar cul in athur `in aid of', Laws v 200.4 Comm. Hú Néill uile ar c.¤ Coluim `under the protection', Arch. Hib. i 361.3 . moghenar . . . ceall / bias ar cul in meic sin, Lism. L. 1854 . iarna chulaib ┐ ara belaib `behind him and in front of him', Ériu iv 30.6 . bai ica comthuargain ara aghthib ┐ ara culaib `forward and backward', CCath. 3612 . teithid ara cculuibh, BNnÉ 165.18 . dothoguibh Gyi Heront ara cúluib behind him on his horse, ZCP vi 38.34 . go ro chuirseat. . . a mbú . . . i ndroibhélaibh an tíre iar ná ccúlaibh, AFM v 1550.13 .

With DO (DI): co na berad do cul no do taibh `backwards or laterally', Laws iv 292.12 Comm. cet sceinm do cul no do thaeib backwards (of flail), v 158.9 Comm. secht traighi déc do chul no do thaib `behind it', iii 180.10 Comm. is cuma congontis . . . da culaib ┐ da aigid, TTebe 3772 .

Other phrases: dodeochatarside ┐ a c.¤ rempo backwards , LU 118 . tairnid . . . in mbial fora munél ┐ a c.¤ rempi reversed , 9031 ( FB 78 ). Gaoidhil is a gc.¤ re chéile at variance, Aithd. D. 24.13 . na súile i n-aimsir an éaga / . . . do-chím c.¤ ar aghadh iad back to front, DDána 36.8 . tánic C. do le[i]th a chuil co I. from behind, IT ii2 141.x . do chuadar a ndiaigh a ccúil backwards , Gen. ix 23 .

Compds. With nouns: cūlairecht . . . is a suide bīt rīgh ┐ espuic rear assembly, ZCP xii 359.15 . atá cúlaitiri iarna c.¤ , BDD² 605 . culbard ┐ srutbard (in list of dóerbaird), IT iii 5.15 . Ériu xiii 42.11 . bied do cholg culbémend, LU 10362 . fear na cúlchainte backbiter , Párl. na mB. 1762 . la Hīb D. cūlc[h]omét ríg Fer T. rearguard , BColm. 52.30 . cūlchomētaid ┐ dorsaid, Corp. Gen. 94.8 . téid an inghean . . . tré chúldoras back door, Keat. ii 2841 . nicoir átecht fo culḟiacli (of communion particle), Thes. ii 255.18 . cruimh 'na chúilḟíacuil chúasaigh, IGT Decl. ex. 677 . aga culgairm, YBL 152a12 . cúlchaint ┐ cúlghearra, Párl. na mB. 1782 . an cúlghearrthóir `detractor' (Gloss.), 1778 . cuilleabaid chorcoirderg, ZCP x 292.6 . mo chúilleath re croich nDé back , Aithd. D. 62.29 . goro-eidirdelaigh a cenn rea chúilmēidhe neck , ZCP xiv 232.13 . cúlmongae foraib, LU 7086 . noragdais fersde charpait triam chūlmuinēl neck, TBC-I¹ 2580 . culreang dromanna a cathmiled ` spines ', MR 314.25 . inda llatt bá culscian srúb cechtar de, LL 33443 `not double-edged', Contribb. 560 . sí ic cúlṡnámh ┐ ic táebsnám swimming on the back, Acall. 3212 . mo theagasc duit ar eagla na cúilstéille ` back-cut ', Ó Bruad. iii 2.3 .

With adjj.: du ri Dail Cais cuilbuidhe fair-haired , BB 271a29 . in barrann (leg. barrḟinn) cuilcenann (of horse), H 3.18, 85b22 . mic Culclain (n. pr. m.), Laws i 150.16 . Ciar Cúldub, Corp. Gen. 31.23 . flaithius ind ḟir chíchmair chulḟind with fair back hair, LL 1273 . Cormac Cúlḟoda .i. c.¤ foddai fair, Cóir Anm. 113 . C. mic Cormaic culglais, Fen. 126.2 . ón Chúlglaiss Chonaill Chernaig (subst. of spear), Anecd. i 37.3 . le cloinn chúillebair Cholmán, SG 65.46 . loṅgas nacúllom (of the Danes), SR 2378 .

With adjj. formed from nouns: m. Orni Cūlbennaig, ZCP viii 334.11 . an cúlchainteach munabrach, Párl. na mB. 1772 . do phearsanaibh cúlráidhteach, 1483 . a n-aghaidh Guill chúil-sgathaigh, Duan. F. i 13.29 `bushy-headed (?)', Gloss.

See cúil, cúlad, and cúltech.

adj o-ā (fírén) just, righteous: gl. justus Ir. Gl. 681 . flathi firenacha, Cog. 72.14 . adēra ... Ísu rea ḟírencha, ZCP viii 213.3 . leis na fíréanchaibh (= sanctis ) TSh. 1120 . fear do theasta do chēad d'fhīrēnachaibh (contr. with: aenpheacach), Instructio 152.22 . Compar. cia uainn bus firencha more righteous CCath. 5061 .

adj i (in + reic lit. ` fit for sale .' See Thurn. ZCP xiv 346 § 7 ). indraic is the Mid. Ir. form, inricc the form in Wb., inraicc in Ml. g s f. innruca, innruicce, O'D. 338 (< H 3.17, col. 261 ). n p. inricci, Wb. 5c14 . innraice, Laws v 368.2 . indruca, indraicce, PH 3375 , 5336 . g p. indraice, RC xv 489.9 . Compar. indraiciu, TBC-I¹ 353. inrucu, O'Curry 1872 (< 23 P 3, fo. 20d ).

I Of persons, worthy, fitting, honourable, upright, faithful: caidh .i. indraic, O'Curry 963 (< H 3.18, p. 415 ). iarsindí batir inricci du báas huili `worthy of death,' Wb. 5e14 . amal as n-inricc sanctis fáilte fri nóibu, 7b2 . inna fírbrithemnachtae dudrignisom inraicc `of the righteous judgment that made him worthy,' Ml. 62c19 . i.¤ side dano. `Īefa-sa in cinaid sin,' ol sē but he was an upright man ..., Anecd. iv 76.15 ( Corm. Y s.v. Mugheme ). feidil la cach he .i. inraic la cach, Ériu ii 174.8 . indracca gl. fideles, Gild. Lor. 24. batar uiss no umla no innraice no comadais `fit or suitable,' Ir. Gl. p. 41.6 . nī fairgēbasu ... lāech bas ansum ... nā hergairi mōrslūaig bas indraiciu, TBC-I¹ 353. is adamraigti trá co mór ┐ is indraicc o foraithmet máthair na macc-sa `worthy of remembrance,' PH 6608. id chorp ionnraic óghamhail (to Blessed Virgin), DDána 6 § 40. ben is mo ocus is áille ... ocus is innraca, ALC i 306.12 . an té atá ionnruic ansa ní is lúgha `he who is faithful in that which is least,' Donlevy 132.4 . ionruic a ngach uile roinn no ghnothuigh, 464.16 . trí chét mbemeann n-indraice co n-abainn `300 honest blows with a scourge' (in a penance), RC xv 489.9 . gach aon bhíos fíréanta ionnraic, TSh. 5245.

II As legal term,

(a) of persons, worthy, trustworthy, qualified to perform certain legal functions (e.g. to give evidence) : fiadna innraice `worthy witnesses,' Laws v 368.2 . With follg. gen. : rucus ba n-inraicc noilich fer ad-gair `ich entschied, der Mann, der rechtlich belangt sei des Eides würdig,' ZCP xv 361 § 46. is tualaing som forgell for cach recht, acht a da comgrad d'inraicaib `except the two orders who are of equal standing with himself,' Laws i 78.20 , glossed .i. acht na graid indraice data da cutrumus eneclainni, 84.5 Comm. dia mbet da fhiadain no a tri indruca oc a forgell, PH 3375. fri cuimne seanchad indraice `by the memory of respectable antiquaries,' iv 140.y Comm. (tr. Ériu viii 129.15 ). mas i.¤ ┐ esinnraic do-rala iman set cidh í in inraic aidhbres cidh aice aidhbrethar is lé a sena no a imdenam cidh bedh bus ail dó dhe ..., O'Curry 2151 (< Eg. 88, fo. 3c ). mas da innraic no da eisinnraic ro batar ar aird, no cidh indraic ┐ eisinnraic beas ar aird and ┐ ra fuachtnaigh rob neich dibh ropp a cheile, is a sena dun n-innraic no dun n-eisinnraic ar a lather go lucht a lan fira no a leithfira ma inraic, no cu lucht a lan arra no a leath arra mas eisinnraicc, O'D. 2330 (< Rawl. 506, fo. 35c ). nochan fuil dire na eneclann don innraic na denann maith da tochus, O'Curry 249 (< H 3.18, p. 144 ). madh eisinnraic lidhis ar innraic ┐ lan faisneis aigi da comlín a fuil on innraic uada da denum na diaigh, O'Curry 286 (< H 3.18, p. 158 ). As subst. : tabradh a lāim indraca , O'Curry 2151 (< Eg. 88, fo. 3c ). In the follg. exx., though referring to a person, indraic is treated as fem. : is hi in indruic do dena, O'Curry 1602 ( 23 Q 6, 4a ). má don indraic 'car aidbred hé fuaitgither, acht má le féin hé ..., O'D. 1651 ( H 5.15, 21 ). With confusion of gender : cidh í in inraic aidhbres cidh aice aidhbrethar is le a sena no a imdenam cidh bedh bus ail dó dhe, O'Curry 2151 ( Eg. 88, 3 ). Cf. O'Don. Suppl. s.v. iondraic.

(b) of articles, measurements, etc., of standard quality or quantity, complying with certain requirements, legal: .vii. fichit traiged di thraigthib innraicib métt a dúne, Críth G. 567. bairgen in(d)ruic nó dí bairgin banḟuini, 117 . leth dire n-airib ... co taisiuc innruic cach ae `half dire-fine upon them with perfect restitution of everything,' Laws ii 66.17 . caide in íme indric ? ... .i. caiti aichne na hime dligthigh, iv 112.1 and 19 . caide in íme indric ? Mad cora, cora tri liag, tri traigh a leithead, 112.1 . gleith dar indric (grazing on anothers land in spite of an obstacle which constitutes an `imbe indraic ,' in this case, a deep river), 126.19 Comm. tir ... nach eicin do frichnam tuair na slige ... ase innraic andsin (used of land in good condition), 276.12 Comm. clar innraic ... Da traig .x. a fod ┐ da traig a lethed ┐ traig a tiged dilius iarsin. Isé in biail innraic. Airtem fod a genned. Tri meoir lethed a foebuir ..., O'Curry 883 - 4 (< H 3.18, p. 395ab ). ad-mestar asa bēsaib inricib ibar, ZCP xi 94 § 34. dligid leth .uii. cumala indraca dia guin, O'Curry 255 (< H 3.18, p. 148 ). da traigid gu leith se ín ceím inraic `the lawful step,' Laws iv 214.19 Comm. it ē a frithḟolaidi-seom dond ḟir gráid .i. lá air n-indraic cech blīadna cona ṡīl `a proper day's ploughing each year ...,' Ériu i 220 § 14. cethramthu sella indraicc `a fair quarter of a sella,' vii 140.10 . mad fir m(b)idbod cæra innraic do suidi[u] 'if it be a fer midboth, a full-grown sheep for him' Bretha 30 § 13 .

Adv. in chruth as coir et as inricc sanctis .i. indinricc donaib nóibaib airitiu neich cuccuib `worthily, of the saints, to receive any one unto you,' Wb. 7b1 . bendacht ar cech óen mebraigfes go hindraic Taín amlaid seo faithfully , TBC-LL¹ 6206. is aire-sin atbel-sa co hindraicc am shenndattaig, PH 6559.

adj o, ā (sainred) later generally sun(n)radach (sund-, sonn-).

I

(a) peculiar or belonging to (an individual), characteristic of; particular, special, set apart: s.¤ gl. peculiaris, Sg. 57a1 . Ml. 137b4 . sainredaig gl. peculiari, 138b3 . sainredchaib gl. privatis, 126a10 . ind s.¤ gl. privato, 124d14 ; s.¤ gl. sua, Sg. 148b4 . inna caine sainredchae gl. elegantiae singularis, Ml. 37b10 . cach gnúis nad techta ainm s.¤ `a special name' (a name of its own), Sg. 154a2 . in son file iar cul indi as sanctis asberr du cech s.¤ ┐ rubrigach techtas nech `to everything particular and excellent', Ml. 37a18 . asberam sanctos sainredchu . . . doib dint sainriud inna noibe techtae, 37b16 . atat . . . .v. psailim sainrethcha isin tsaltair forsa taphair ind apgiter ebra, Hib. Min. 6.190 . in forcmaither áes sainrethech dond fhi[u]r midboth?, Críth G. 32 . selba sainrudcha personal possessions, LU 2178 ( FA 25 ). da oibriughadh mor tshunnradhach fein, Smaointe B. Chr. 335 . In pl. also several, distinct : dunaib gnusib sainredchaib inna ndule, Ml. 108d14 . donaib oindaib nó donaib sainredcha[ib] gl. singulis, 45a8 (`preeminent', Thes.¤, cf. (c) below). ic sāssad cethri rann sundradach in betha, Corm. Y 607 .

(b) specific, definite (oft. = Lat. quidam, Eng. a certain): ainm do dorus s.¤ in hIerusalem, Ml. 131c3 . itá sóebchore sainraedach i mmedon in tsrothasin, LU 2113 ( FA 18 ). sluind persainni [sain]raidchi . . . in fer-sa saindriud cona anmaim . . . Sluind ceniuil immorro . . . is e in fear ┐ ni fes cia sainriudh acht is fer tantum, Auraic. 706 - 13 = persainde saindredaige, 3460 . daigh feised cisi inad sainradach a mboi, D IV 2, 73va4 . nāch do galar sainruthach etir atbath that he did not die of any particular disease, BColm. 106.4 . ro sudiged . . . fer sainrodach do guin ind arad that some man should be chosen to kill, LU 9755 = RC vi 164.16 . dofornic lanamnai sainredaig ara chiund a certain couple, LU 11017 . tre forcongra druincce sainredhaicche don Ord a certain section, Irish Texts iii 40.13 . i mbeól átha sainredhaigh a certain ford, AFM v 1856.3 . ro fhorcongair . . . for dhaoinibh sainredhacha uaisle, vi 2074.21 . aurthuch na forthuch for nech saindredach (.i. for nec dib go sunradach), Laws iv 178.20 , 180.12 Comm . sē laithe sonnradhacha chom dēirce gacha bliadhna appointed days, Fl. Earls 100.2 . Perh. partial, biased in: ma fiada forgill ni bi . . . sunnra[da]ch seircech, ni bi eitsech eascorach, O'Curry 2601 ( Eg. 88, 51 (52)b ).

(c) in sense special = pre-eminent: ferais Fand . . . fáelti sinredaig (sic) fri Coin C., LU 3779 ( SCC 35 ). is e do-rat seirc sainredaig dó sech cach n-apstal, PH 1922 . Cf. Ml. 37b10 cited above. ? neamhchoimeád na dtrí subháilceadha dhiadha ┐ na gceithre subháilceadha sonnrádhacha the theological and cardinal virtues, Eochairsg. 93.8 . do bi se sunnradhach ingantach tar cach uile, Smaointe B. Chr. 1964 .

Gramm. definite, due to definition by the article: .t. lom séimhiughadh sunnarthach .s.¤ aspiration caused by the article, IGT Introd. § 34 (11.32) .

II As adv.

(a) used like sainriud, in tsainriud: ni dae saigit s.¤ .i. ni he a ttarbh airithe fein ionnsaighit, Leb. Gab.(i) 30.18 . ro choraig airchindech airithe do na hulib dúilib saindredach: Lucifer dona demnaib, grian dona rendaib, etc., severally, PH 6380 . ateoch nem ┐ talmuin ┐ Cruinn in tsainrethaig C. above all, LU 5514 = inthainsrethaich, TBC-I¹ 1032 . dolluid dochum Fiachna in t[s]ainredach, LU 10925 . in na laimther forgull na airthiuch bid nech (leg. neich?) int[s]ainrudach `that it belongs to anyone in particular', Laws iv 192.14 . ? día sathairn do sundrách , BCC 268.19 .

(b) with co: in druth co sundradach, Laws v 144.1 Comm . beir lat soir go sunradhach go Breifneachaibh mo bhennacht especially, BNnÉ 266 § 234 . ar einech Ceneoil-Conaill uile ┐ hUi Tairce[i]rt co sonradhach, AU ii 254.8 . cur milset tuatha ┐ eclusai . . . ┐ co sundradach manestir Brathar Preciur, Ann. Conn. 1296.9 . ro fiarfaigh B. scela na criche-sin ┐ co sunnradach scela Sisian, ZCP vi 290.30 . is é peacadh an éadóchais go sonnradhach thuigthear ann so, TSh. 1904 . ar na neic[h]ibh fliucha, ┐ ar usci na fairgi go sunnradach, Ir. Astr. Tr. 46.25 .

adj calm, peaceful, easy, at rest; pleasant : níbu sáim a menma, LU 8774 ( FB 58 ). ní sám scarad gé scaraim | acht anad mar a bfuilim, SG 347.12 . orra soin nach sámh `a harsh master', Aithd. D. 52.13 . ní sámh do reacaireacht sceól disquieting are the tidings you tell, Hackett xii 1 . Freq. with prepp.: bá sám doib . . . oc tochatim na fledi, LU 8402 ( FB 28 ). nírbo sám dóib irraír lasin snechta, 4819 ( TBC-I¹ 328 ). níor sháimh dá haos léighinn `her learned folk were not at rest', Content. vi 172 . is sám ┐ is bínd limsa, LL 284a38 . bá sáimh lais a mhenma, AFM vi 1972.18 . sám ra brocnait beith na úaim the badger is at ease in his hole, LL 297b46 ( SG 365.z ). is sáimh leis na fíréanchaibh é = sanctis delectabilis, TSh. 1120 . is sámh leis an bhfíréan an bás, 1139 . each fiadhta . . . | ní sámh lé a tost nó a tiomáin, Aithd. D. 91.4 . dá mbeith sé ró sháimh . . . leo `indulgent', Donlevy 304.24 . Attrib.: noco chatlaim catlad sáim | o ro marbad mac Cair cáin, LL 204b30 . ma chanait ceól (sic leg.) sídi saím, 27a50 ( Ériu xiv 156 § 8 ). im óenda sám (sic leg., Corr.), Metr. Dinds. iv 246.1 . ro faith Nín . . . ro faith Solam sáim, LL 133b5 . lebaid saimh socuir, Irish Texts i 57 § 23 . fonn sáimh na gcaillbhile gcuir, TD 21.36 . an fear sámh do bhronnadh ór, Oss. iv 12.2 . a thaobh seada sáimh, Aithd. D. 54.7 . fíge sámh `the dainty fig', O'Gr. Cat. 605.13 .

Compar. beatha as sáimhe, Dán Dé vii 3 . Superl. nip sí sin adaig bá sámam dóib la bu[a]dris ind athig, LU 4684 ( TBC-I¹ 212 ), cf. TBC-I¹ 287 . ní hí sin aidche bá sáime d'fheraib Herend fúaratar ríam, TBC-LL¹ 5007 . is í an bhean . . . | badh sáimhe liom im leabaidh, Dánta Gr. 6.8 .

Adv. atlochur dom ríg | . . . | bith dom churp co sáim | isin phurt cháid chaín, LU 9941 . connar chotail co sám, CRR 1 . ar chongbháil ríghe go sáimh (: gcoráin) `for the keeping of their realm in peace', Content. xvi 168 .

As subst., peace, calm, rest : na síd na suba na sám, IT i 79.21 . ni fagaid coin . . . | sam na suan a n-adhpaid con, RC xi 130.37 . an samh gan chollud `calm without sleep' (one of the joys of Heaven), RC xxviii 322 § 49 .

Compds.

(a) with nouns: ¤chelgad beguiling, soothing, comforting : do bhi C. . . . aga saimhcealgadh go michar muinnteardha `trying to pacify them', BNnÉ 163 § 30 . sáimhchealgadh gach mórthuirsigh (a work of charity), Mac Aingil 310.18 . sáimhch[e]algadh locht mhórthuirsi, Ó Héodhusa 230.7 . ¤choma: ar sám-chomadaib sídha `tranquil conditions of peace', MR 194.19 . ¤chotlud: co tainic trath . . . sám-chodulta, MR 168.21 . ¤chotul = ¤chotlud: d'easbaidh súain nó sámhchoduil, L. Cl. A. B. 150.10 . ¤chuire: sám fri sídaib sám-chuire, Metr. Dinds. iii 224.16 (`indolent band', or perh. = sám-chairi ease-loving, note, see sámchaire). ¤ḟine: dá sháimhfhine féin is saerrulla an séimhidhe to his own gentle family, L. Cl. A. B. 146.10 . ¤rí: samrīg (leg. sámrí) ar samaigt[h]i (of Christ), ZCP viii 205 § 29 . ¤ríge peaceful reign, peace : saimrighi Airt i Temhraigh, ZCP xi 42 § 21 . comartha ratha ┐ samrigi don cat[h]raig, LB 152a54 . le socracht na sáimhríghe (: sídhe), TD 17.68 . See sáimrige.

(b) with adjj.: ¤char see separate article. ¤dess: Sēth sāmdess `S. der Friedliche und Geschickte', Ält. Ir. Dicht. i 42 § 44 . ¤ḟind: sē sām[fh]ind sobucc sotorchutbide gentle and fair, MacCongl. 87.8 . ¤gasta: le láimh-fhreastal sámh-ghasta, Keat. Poems 866 . ¤glan: suadhach shámhghlan, Hackett xii 11 .

(c) with verb: ¤shubaigid: íarom ba halacht Mugain | slánalt rodá samsubaid a well-being which soothed and rejoiced her(?), LU 4300 = roda samshubaig, LL 145b32 ( SG 84.27 ).

n (see Ériu iii 74 ) o-ā, freq. used substantivally. N.pl. and cpv. forms wrongly listed s.v. 2 úaite q.v.

(a) a small number, a few : úathadh , IGT, Decl. § 11 . úathadh .i. beagán, O'Cl. ainm d'áon `úathadh', Metr. Gl. Ff. 21 (aon ainm uathaidh; ┐ aen ainm gach uathaid v.l.). húathad ṅdóine do chretim diib few persons would believe (`pauci, paucitas hominum'), Wb. 4d4 . cid an uathath nísiu (gl. et ego relictus sum solus, et qu[a]erunt animam meam), 5a26 (=`hanc unitatem, hunc unum' Ascoli 131 ). huathad foirbthe a few perfect men Ml. 90c12 (cf. 2 úaite). conna torchair acht uathed mbeg im Chonaire .i. nónbor nammá, BDD 158 U (huathad Y). uathad becc, LB 149a58 . subaith cach n-ōthath ` singleness ,' Fianaig. 38.8 . táinig annsin le hiomud coguidh uathadh fear agas foirne ar mhórán d'Éirinn, PCT 680 . is i toil ar Fiadhad find | ūathad brāthar fo aencuing a few brothers beneath one [monastic] rule , Ériu ii 229 § 7 . hūathad ōclaoch innide, Ériu i 39 § 5 . as cómhartha fainne uathadh sochraide, ML 104.3 . do bhí uathadh ban sa gcáthair, ITS i 108.29 . atāt deich primratha fichet forsin sceolsa, ┐ is lōr ūathad dīb for desmberecht, MacCongl. 111z . Attrib. gen.: atchondarc and fert n-úathaid `a lonely grave,' Metr. Dinds. iii 228.29 , cf.: rogab lige n-uachail (v.l. n-uathaid) n-ard, ii 14.55 . d s. hua huathud do áis foirbthiu (gl. paucís uirtutis studio praeditis), Ml. 90c11 . iomad asa ag uathadh cruidh, TD 1. 54 . go n-uathadh oile i n-a choimhiteacht, Fl. Earls 190.26 . co n-uathadh do chlandaibh Néill, AFM iii 108.4 . an t-uaithed ro baoi 'na farrad, TFrag. 122.6 . ro thairis uaithtedh i ffarrad Ch., 208.18 . ní tearna ... acht dias ... ┐ uaitheadh beag leó, 146.19 . Adverbial use (dat. or nom. of accompaniment) with a small number: ní ba úaithed dondriga (gl. in adventu Domini nostri cum omnibus sanctis eius), Wb. 25a38 . iss ed ... roráid M. ra F. can tocht úaithed í cend rig Herenn co feraib Herenn imme, RC xiii 46.6 . tiagam huathud sluag co pupaill morscoith, TBC-I¹ 1067 . Tigernan do dhul ..., uathadh sochraide, with a small body of troops , AFM iv 720.10 . co nach ternó dhibh ass acht mac D. uathad ar echaib, ALC i 196.4 . conus-tarraidh Aenghus ... uathadh orro, RC xvii 354.3 . With subst. vb.: rí Crúachan nocha ttéid troighid | beith uathad is doiligh dhó, `for his forces to be small is grievous to him,' KMMisc. 172 § 23 . gé do bhí uathadh fan aim-sin, DDána 17.8 .

i n-úathad alone, with a small number: fēle, ar nī bī a n-uathad, O'Mulc. 60 . teid D. lā n-aen do seilg, co rucsat na laeic[h] sin fair a n-uathad óa muintir, Marco P. 98 . gur fhágbhadar M. ... 'na uatha ┐ 'na aonar, ITS i 12.3 . rofiarfuigh do P. cid imma mboi in uathadh ind sin, D IV 2, 73rb 8 . gearr go rabhad 'na n-uathadh (úadh-, MS), | Rāth Tuathail is Ráth Teamhra `soon shall they be lonely,' KMMisc. 352.1 Cf. ní bhfuilim acht am uathadh `we are but a handful,' Oss. vi 136 . fatigus i n-uathad `heedfulness in solitude,' Ériu vii 138 . As pred. of cop.: is huathath (gl. rarus est [qui nesciat]), BCr. 31d1 . as ūathad dan hoiris, Irish Texts ii 9 § 28 . is uathadh dona heolchuibh aga bfuil fios, RC xxix 116 § 12 . rob ūathad mo dám `I was only a party of one,' MacCongl. 19.23 . tinolaid for sluagad slan, | ni ba huathad for comdal, SR 1374 . rop u.¤ i sanasaib, LL 343d20 . giarb uathed do dám malle though few was thy train along with thee , LL 87b25 . ua huathad eolaig (Eg. eolach) inn usci sin, few knew of , TTebe 1752 (but: as úathadh na fir, lochtach; as uaiththe na fir, cóir , ZCP xvi 333 ). cid uathad in timna-sa i fhoclaib, aráide is lethan hi ceill, PH 5838 . rob uathadh a chomhaoisi there were few as old as he , ZCP xi 44 § 52 . traigle i nach uathadh ḟuidhre, IT iii 85 § 83 ( Bruchst. 88 ). do Chrúachain cháid cen chaite, | ac' nach úathaid (v.l. úathad) ecraite `whose foemen are not few,' Metr. Dinds. iii 348.16 . teagh ... is (Mss. um, as) nach uathadh urra um Aodh, DDána 119.23 . Cop. not expressed: uathadh bean i mbia t'úire, Ir. Monthly 1919, 226.26 . uathadh loingeas an ríogh ráin, ML 82.27 .

In phr. is úathad do is alone, is with a small number: ba fūathad do Chond in tan sin, ZCP viii 276.9 . ba ūathad dō, 10 . is uathadh duinn anosa `we are few now,' BNnÉ. 41 § 84 . is cumung ... ar ferand-ni ┐ as uathad d'ar sluagaib, Aen. 1872 ( BB 469b40 ). mad úathad do a ndeilb fhagla | dleaghar suil re sodamhna, Irish Texts ii 25 § 3 . do-chonnarc uair, nár bh'uathadh dhíbh-se, | gé taoi anocht gan scot re scaoithibh, Keat. Poems 1475 (to Cahir). With cop. omitted: uathadh dot aos cuidighthe, Content. vii 16 . Advb.: indhuathad (gl. raro), Sg. 137b2 .

Contrasted with words denoting multitude. With ilar: tucais nuachar a Dhe dhamh | is mé an t-úathad re hilar, Irish Texts ii 15 § 36 . ger bhuathadh i naghaidh iolair eisiomh, AFM iii 576.5 . tug go huathadh iolar sluagh | a shiobhal fa ruathar ríogh `many a host he made small' i.e. reduced to a unit , Ir. Monthly 1919, 399.23 ( DDána p. 298 ). With imad: nír an uathadh ná imad a n-áeninad rena aigid, Comp. CC 109.15 . ar uathadh nó ar iomad sluaigh, TD 19.8 . With sochuide: cit sochudi bid huathad creitfes diib, Wb. 4d5 . cía lín ro lá insé | inn úated nó in sochaide, LU 4747 . curach berar for sál i n-domnach cid úathad cid sochaide nodmbera, `whether it be one or many,' Ériu ii 206 § 24 . nim dersaige fri úathad nomdíusca immorro fri sochaide, LU 5119 . trí húathaid ata ferr sochaidi: úathad dagbríathar, úathad bó hi feór, úathad carat im chuirm `three fewnesses that are better than plenty,' Triads 93 . eter uathad ┐ sochaide `one and all,' BNnÉ 267 § 235 . i núathud ┐ hi sochaidi alone and in a multitude Thes. ii 356.21 . ó uathad co sochaidi, Lism. L. 723 .

(b) The singular number (gramm.): ilar ar huathud són plural for singular , Ml. 145d5 . is fo huath[ud] amal sodin an institutae creaturae is in the singular , 42b12 . ut nomina pluralia techtaite huathath that have a singular number , Sg. 71b3 . ní rochinnset ó nach uathuth etir they have not descended from any singular at all , ib. hothad ut mei meus singular 198a22 . i narim hodid in the singular number , 66b9 . i nóthud in the singular, 41a8 . i nothud , 92b2 . i nothuth , 198b3 . sum, es, est, a uathad its singular , Auraic. 310 . cen uathad fri ilar, 1942 , cf. 5058 . cetperso in uathaid sum, 325 . tres perso in huathaid, est, 326 . persa tanaisti huathaid es 305 . cid ar a n-eipertsium guta ┐ consaine, uair guthaigi uathaid ┐ consaini iolair?, 2756 . itait amh a tri i n-uathad .i. sum, es, est, 323 , cf. 1641 etc. dlighidh aithne ar lochduibh iomdha oile mur atá ... iollradh re húathadh (a metrical fault), IGT, Introd. § 2 . as díobh aithne ar chíalluibh úathaidh ┐ iollraidh, ib. ainm uathaidh an fhocuil do fíafróchthaoi dhe d'fhéchain ar tús, § 3 . ga líon siolla san fhocal as sía do Gháoidhilg do chomhfhocal no d'ainm úathaidh, § 1 . ainm úathaidh cáol ... ainm úathaidh leathan, ZCP xvi 333 .

With the ordinals to distinguish the units from the tens (see Ériu xxii 179 ). Of the age of the moon : hi coicid huathid (gl. quinta luna) in the fifth , BCr. 33b7 . in n-ochtmadh uathaid rogenair Brigit, i cedain sainriudh: i n-ochtmad dec rogabh caille, Lism. L. 1351 . Natiuitas S.B. día cédaoín an ochtmadh uatha[i]d escca Febhra, CS 22.14 . Nativítas S.B. dia cetaine in uííí.mad uathaid esca, LB 220 marg. inf. in. deachmadh uathadh (v.l. ind x. maid uathaid) escai i mís Mai, Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 23 n. 25 . aimsir gemhreta ann, ┐ tres uathaidh ar [ai] ais ésci, CCath. 449 . hi cuigeadh uathadh gan eill | doruacht Ceassair in Erinn, BB 22a46 ( ITS xxxv 228 ). Kl. Enair for cetain, ocus oen uathadh fuirri `the first day of the moon,' CS 338.8 . ail uathaidh fuirri, RC xviii 284.2 (Tig.). dechmadh uathadh fuirre, 56 . ALC i 292.6 .