n o, [n.] See LEIA delight, satisfaction, pleasure: a a.¤ na sūl (Cú Culainn to Fer Diad), TBC-I¹ 2704 . a.¤ .i. lenmuin no sásadh, ut est a.¤ sula serc `love is the delight of the eye', O'Dav. 178 . altrum ar airiur `fosterage for affection', Laws ii 146.6 ; cf. in t-altrum seirce, O'D. 2241 ( Rawl. 506, 16d ). ar inn a.¤ ┐ ar inn altrom ra bertus-sa fort, TBC-LL¹ 2874 . rob tusa m'ordan, rob tusa m'a.¤ `my delight' (a prayer), Ériu ii 89 § 5 . in Comdiu bas chomlantius cecha airir, ┐ cecha hairfite, LU 2759 . oíbnius ┐ airera flatha nime, 2276 ( FA § 33 ). co haireru ┐ co haibnes flatha nemda, LB 145a54 . a.¤ cech uilc `pleasure in every evil thing' (offspring of avarice), Ériu vii 152.27 . airera in bid spiradaldai, LB 251b20 . a.¤ cech bīdh ┐ saine cacha lenda the best of, ZCP xi 61 § 5 . gurbo hé [Iósa] fa sāsadh ┐ airear dó ar fead na ttrí lá soin sustenance, ZCP v 496.2 . ni chaitheadh . . . biadha . . . acht . . . airera etroma, Lism. L. 2519 . airear .i. sásadh, .i. biadh, .i. áoibhinn, O'Cl.

?do aireur gl. ad . . . voluntatem, Wb. 30c1 (? leg. dia réir, Edd.). Cf. ar-fera

adj i Also búid, bóid, báid etc. baidi (: caīni), SR 484. robaíd (: croíb), LL 19135. báidh (: láimh), DDána 31.20 , (: thógbháil), 65.1 . búidh (:múir), 17.9 , (: ionrúin), Dánta Gr. 39.3 .

(a) fond, affectionate, tender, partial, devoted. Freq. of persons: mathair boed bronach, AU i 248.3 (an. 778 ). ar do maithir Mairi mbaid (: gaīth), Vita Br. 48 (mboid, MS.). do baídathair baíd, LL 18497. a gillai bic buíd, 18555 . ben bōidh, TBC-I¹ 2682 (= baíd, LL 10746 ). ba buid fri haígedaib, RC xii 336 § 26. tréad báidh dar bheatha an bhochta (of the monks of Dún na nGall), DDána 81.18 . búidh ana oibreachaibh (= clemens), ITS xix 112.3 .

In other applications: ní boíd ind imbert moithchulióin sin, LU 5700. laegh bo baidi, Cog. 92.11 . Cf. IT i 124.10 (TE). i mBeithil bóid, AFM ii 674.9 . do nocht an Coimdhe a chneas búidh, DDána 31.19 . seanmóir bhúidh, 20.21 . breath báidh partial judgement, 31.20 (cf. báid). a cholaim bhúidh, Measgra D. 57.14 . maille re sasadh buidh inntinde, Smaointe B. Chr. 1876. gér bhúigh a fuighle (of the Suir), Keat. Poems 1517. Adv. co báid , SR 453. co buidh banamail, TTebe 3594 .

(b) pitiful, touching: is bōedh ┐ is trógh lim-sa suut, Cáin Ad. 8. Compar. nī acatar nī bad bāidiu nā bad trōighiu lēo, 7 .

As subst. ? Teothota in baidsin (: maīthsin), Fél. Aug. 2 (buaid sin, buidsin, v.ll.).

Compds. With noun: a bāidhathair (of Deity), Ériu iii 30 § 17. regasa latt, a báidathair, LL 37260. Fiacha . . . / búidhghein Berbha `lucky offspring', Leb. Cert.² 166.3 (buaid-, v.l.). ro nert a mbe boidgeana, Blathm. 253 (boídgenae, ed.; `loving, smiling mother'). ar belaibh a boidhmhathar, ibid. With adj. a eaglas bhláith bhúidhiodhan, DDána 122.3 .

Cf. 1 báeth. See boidmís ?.

pronominal adj. prec. noun each, every, all , unstressed form of cách. See GOI 33 , 310 - 11 . In Wb. and Sg. usually cach. in Ml. cech ( cech, Wb. 1c18 , 2a22 , 3d30 , 4a2 , 5c20 (chech), 6b1 , 21a14 , 33c8 , 34a2 , Sg. 190a3 . cach, Ml. 19c1 , 22b1 , 24c9 , 35b10 , 51d3 , 92d12 , 111a5 etc.). In later lang. gach, see GOI 111 . gech, Celtica iv 28.396 . Not itself lenited ( GOI 141 ), but does not prevent mutation of follg. word. g s f. cacha, cecha (see below) geminates on evidence of later lang., GOI 151 . Follg. nasalization originating in neut. and a s. spreads to other grammatical contexts: amru cach n-ārmaig, SR (Greene) 3770 . ba amru cech n-ail, SR (Greene) 4513 . ba ferr cech ndáil, SR (Greene) 7125 . a mbreath gach nduine, TD 34.9 . gach n-oidhche, DDána 98.3 . See MU² xxxi .

Uninflected in sg. except g s f. cacha, cecha (below); rarely in other cases. g s n. drécht caich ceniúil, Wb. 5c3 . g s f. cecha cathrach, Ml. 53d6 . cecha soinmige, 56b22 . cacha frithare, 111a5 . cacha dúlo, Wb. 13b28 . cacha rainne, Sg. 26b9 . cacha áirme, 198a14 . cache oxile, Thes. ii 255.4 . cacha hairge, Anecd. i 1.9 ( SCano 9 ). cachae tremsi, Mon. Tall. 138.3 . gacha cairbhe, DDána 99.29 . gacha mēide, Fl. Earls 88.16 . a s f. doomlacht . . . ol nais caich mbleguin, AU i 188.8 . Later also cacha, cecha with other genders: cacha fechtais, BDD² 201 . cacha ráithi (sic MS.), Críth G. 179 . cacha lestair, Laws iv 192.9 . cecha carptig, CRR 38.x . cecha huilc, PH 6166 . gacha síodha, Aithd. D. 88.9 . ilimud cecha hairm, Stair Erc. 824 . For usage in class. verse cf. bean gach fhir, bean gacha fir .c. Fiafruigheam focal gach fear . . . .c. . . . gacha, ni .c. na dhíaigh achd táoibhréim úathaidh . . . meallam duine gacha fir, Bard. Synt. Tr. 24.9 ff. anam gach fhir, Dán Dé xxx 4 . do reactha rún gacha fir, Studies 1919, 258 § 19 .

In pl. somet. cacha, cecha, but also cach, cech: cecha dethidnea domundi all worldly cares, Wb. 3d30 . cacha cethri, ZCP xi 83 § 28 . tri (leg. fri ? edd.) cecha oina `towards every one', Ml. 56a20 . cecha soinmech gl. affluentiam rerum omnium, 91c12 . bendacht cecha bordgal (: ordan), Fél. Prol. 275 (leg. cech óen, Stokes Gloss., but see below). cacha leth, ZCP viii 307.26 . hi cacha bésaib `in all usages', Wb. 16a27 . hi cacha persanaib, Sg. 208a11 . Uninflected: sech cech ríga, Ml. 84b1 . ó cach tharmmorcnib `from all endings', Sg. 43a5 . cach iptha ┐ gach éle ┐ gach orthana, TBC-LL¹ 3639 . In follg. appar. with g pl. Note, however, absence of nasalization (see Bard. Synt. Tr. 24.9 ff. and cf. ciall iollraidh tá a ngach; dá dhearbhadh sin as .c. meallfad iad gach fear, Bard. Synt. Tr. 40. 3 ): for got cech meall do mellaib a dromai, BDD² 351 . fotha . . . cach imforran, RC xxiv 186.11 . go líon gcéad gach córughadh, DDána 74.17 . comhchruinnioghadh . . . gach ainchriosdaidheadh oile, Ó Héodhusa 33.3 .

In later lang. certain prepp. are modified before gach. See la, 1 do, i, tre and cf. leis gach bhfear, TD 9.26 .

I

(a) each, every, all : dognitis cech ndochrud and, Ml. 22a4 . is huaisliu cech duil, 25a1 . ar cech lau gl. in dies, 29a11 . hi cech dú gl. passim, 50c12 . im cech rét ru-n-ecat les, 57b4 . secech talmain, 84a2 (= sech cech). cech ṅdrochscél gl. omnis fabula, 86b3 . a cach duini gl. o homo omnis, Wb. 1c8 . foditiu cech imnid, 1c18 . fo bésad cech dachpreceptoro, 4a2 . do-feich cach n-olcc et mórid cach maith, 6a16 . is diamuin leiss cach thúare, 6b8 . i cach réit ro-hí a less gl. in omnibus bonis, 20c11 . os cech anmimm ainmnigther gl. super omne nomen, 21a14 . cach tenge gl. omnis lingua, 23c20 . cach gutae, Sg. 18a3 . do cach brethir, 161a1 . ciall cech muid, 190a3 . recachthuisiul, 210a8 . ducach belru, Thes. ii 226.23 . da gach bocht, Blathm. 40 . hi cinn cach thíre, ZCP xi 82 § 20 . etir cach salm deni trib cáocad sancte Michaol etc. , Mon. Tall. 130.24 . cech nderg . . . cach nua . . . cech ard everything red, etc., LU 3915 ( SCC 43 ). dicerint omne malum .i. cach nolc, ZCP viii 173.20 . cech saer noslēma, 110.29 . cach deisel is dī dacuas, ACL iii 237 § 26 . mar cach ndeiscipal acci, BColm. 56.9 . cluned huaim chech deag-duini, Ériu iii 196 § 16 . fuli cech anmae `the sins of every soul', 96 § 3 . du gach thir, Laws iv 162 n. in cech tīr, ZCP viii 109.4 . geall gach ḟir, IGT Decl. ex. 1308 . gach grádh riamh dá radas dise, Timth. viii 1918, 8 § 3 . saidhbir . . . o gech earnuil eisc, RC xlvi 226.7 . gach aimsir do-chuaidh thort, Corp. Astron. 6.6 . For phr. cach díriuch directly see díriuch, dírge.

(b) V. freq. in genitives of time, see bliadain, tan, tráth etc. and día, lá, GOI 159 .

(c) With uile (on follg. lenition see Bard. Synt. Tr. 95.11 ): do gach uili arm, Stair Erc. 1545 .

(d) For phr. cach aí each of them see 1 aí and cf. di cach di suidib immenetar `of each of them in turn', Ml. 26b20 . cech diib, 72b27 . cach diib, 114c15 . See cách (c).

(e) With follg. cardinal ( gach ┐ gach ré, .l. áireamh uathaidh nó iollraidh na mbéal, Bard. Synt. Tr. 40.2 ): i ngnimaib cech óin, Ml. 56c11 . cech oin, 68a13 . cach oén creitfess hí Christ, Wb. 4d21 . do c[ec]h óin bíth [hí] croi[ch], Tur. 136 . du cech óin dia chlaind, Ml. 133a10 . cech oin huaib, 34a3 . no sasadh cech naon, Blathm. 39 . cech n-ōen ronānaicc a less, ACL iii 2.4 . re cech oin salm, Ml. 2b4 . doaidlibem cech n-oin dliged, 14d5 . du cech oin erbirt biuth gl. ad ussús omnes, 128c2 . hi cech oinalaithe .i. cech dia gl. in dies singulos, 58d3 . nomen saindíles cach oenḟolaid, Sg. 28a16 . cach oinfolaid gl. pro uniuscuiusque rei, 200b4 . as gach éanaird, TD 8.11 . cech da son `two words apiece', Tur. 2 . cach di dúil, Sg. 3b8 . eter cach da asna, LU 8400 ( FB 27 ). iter cech dá dorus, BDD² 282 .

(f) With ordinal: gach treas baili, Acall. 1882 . cach nómad n-aidche, BDD² 174 . For phr. cachla every other, etc. see 1 aile, and cf. Zimmer KZ xxx 69 - 71 . Note also: cach ra n-úair . . . in n-úair aile, LU 2166 ( FA 24 ). cach ra fechtas, Rawl. 149b46 . gach dara lá, TSh. 7911 . For rules for use of gach ré in class. verse see Bard. Synt. Tr. 39 - 40 .

(g) With follg. abstr. noun: cach faicsi thiced d'aidchi ra étlaitis lucht a frestail the closer it came to nightfall, LL 268b24 . cech doimne noroisidh an t-adhnacul the deeper the grave reached, ZCP viii 560.22 . gach méad dob' inleighis d'a muinntir, Ériu i 90 § 39 . gach mēide rusmair `all who still lived', Fl. Earls 246.23 . gach fairsingi bias an dorus, is usuidi le dul amach, Rosa Angl. 44.11 . gac fad teit amach, Ir. Astr. Tr. 154.31 . gach līnmhaireacht aimsire however often, Fl. Earls 48.27 . Cf. gach réidhteach is fearr fhéadfadsa do dhéanamh leo dhéanad é, Maguires of F. 70 .

II

(a) Freq. after negatives, comparatives, and the conjunctions amail, mar in wider sense of all, any, any other : amal as n-esrantaid cech maith `is non-participant in any good', Ml. 31a12 . is duiliu lim cech rét m'anim, 55a4 . is suacbairi[u] indaas cech tír, 62b10 . fri tige cach n-aithech gl. nulla . . . discritio inter Templum tuum et priuata aedes..., 92d15 . as mou cech fortacht `greater than any help', 114b2 . is uaísliu cach ceítbuid córe gl. pax Christi, quae superat omnem sensum, Wb. 24b4 . ni torgaitha i cach caingin gl. ne quis . . . circumueniat in negotio fratrem suum, 25b5 . fisidhiu cech draoi `than any druid', Blathm. 7 . ní hinḟíadnaisi acht fri cach súaill trifling matters, Críth G. 35 . amail cach nduinorcnid `like any other homicide', Mon. Tall. 158.18 . mar cech n-ethait like any bird, LL 12717 . nī faictis cach conair notēigtis, ACL iii 224.35 . sir ní as tana ná gach tonn. IGT Decl. ex. 438 . can tsroin ac cach duine dib `not one of them has a nose', Maund. 175 . mar gach ainmidi `like any . . . beast', Stair Erc. 1909 .

(b) The form cech(a) cacha is freq. with follg. vb. (usually conj. or prot. form). The earliest sense is indef. whoever, whatever, whichever (see GOI 28 , 289 ). As accus. cosmail leiss cacha orr in cara fá æscara `whichever he may slay', Sg. 12b7 . cecha taibre, Thurn. Zu Ir. Hss. i 20.15 . ní dígbad ní dia uball cacha tomled de whatever he ate of it (all he ate of it ? See below), LU 10021 . cacha imlodmar cose / de bruig B. however much, Metr. Dinds. iii 204.49 . As nom. cech thucai `whoever gave it', Thes. ii 347.4 (Hy. v). ropo toil Dé cecham-theirb `whatever may vex(?) me', Murphy Lyrics 34.24 (cecham teirp, cach am teirb, gachum terb, MSS.); 'may whatever cuts me off/separates me be God's will' Celtica xxiii 36 n. 40 ; 'whatever hinders me be God's will' , Sages, Saints and Storytellers 316 § 24 . nír bo léir isin mballan cacha tuccad ind, Ériu v 116.43 . cech be dhe `whatever may come', Blathm. 108 § 3 . cach be da lin however numerous they be, Anecd. ii 31.20 . cach a raba di mét a thurse tired as he was, LU 9099 ( FB 85 ). cach a bé dim airddi, 9199 ( 92 ). Perh. also in cecip (indef.), see 1 cía B (e).

(c) Later in sense all that, that which (cf. 4 a). As accus. cecha ndernai do fertaib gl. a ndorigēnai, Thes. ii 338.2 (Hy. v). cacha ndénainn `of all I might do', Liad. and Cuir. 24.18 . adfiadatar . . . cechidepirt ind ingen friss, RC xi 442.7 . cacha ro-cesair, PH 1697 . ní áirmhim a leth nō a thrīan / gach a fūaras, ZCP viii 220.8 . cacha finnub-sa, TBC-LL¹ 5759 . 'ca cuimnechad do I. cach doronsad, TTebe 3895 . cacha bhfagbhaitis . . . a lamha, Lism. L. 1308 . gach nar ghabh all he captured, DDána 64.7 . gach ar léigis linn, 84.11 . gach a n-abrai-siu, ML² 478 . As nom. cecha marbt[h]ar dīobh 'sa ccath, ZCP viii 116.25 . gach a ccurthar ann, Párl. na mB. 1174 . cach a bfuil acat i tig, ACL iii 222.7 . gach ar mair `all that yet remained', Stair Erc. 2119 .

adj io, m. (Lat. caseus) cheese : caisi ab eo quod est caseus, Corm. Y 312 . in case gl. casseum, Ml. 84b6 . biad . . . cosmail do chássi (chasiu, v.l.) nó tháth, RC ix 490.13 ( LU 1816 ) = dobert doib an ingen chaisse / sasadh sognas, Anecd. i 60 § 84 . ūaitne . . . sench.¤ , MacCongl. 37.18 . do mhoethail no do chaisse, Rule of Tallaght 4 . in filet uigi no cáissi lib?, Todd Nenn. 53.4 ( LB 136a17 ). sechnadh cáisi antan sin, Reg. San. 27.20 . praisech, pis, caisi (in list of melancholic foods), Rosa Angl. 206.2 . mil, ┐ im, . . . ┐ c.¤ , 2 Samuel xvii 29 .

Cf. a caisi buidi a mullach amail sāil duine tria assa (of baldness of the head), Corm. Y 1091 .

v (loittid) destroys : sásadh nar chomhloit cineadh, Metr. Gl. D 36 . `taidhe' goid do chomhloit crodh, 33 .

io, n. vn. of con-ben. ? g s. cumbai, Corp. Gen. 203.5 . d s. chumbu, Críth G. 139 . On chummai, Ml. 115b3 see below. cuma f., IGT Decl. § 3 (coma proscribed form). Verbs § 67 .

1 act of cutting, carving, hacking, destroying , butchering : dá mér in[n]a chumbu chóir (of a flitch of bacon), Críth G. 139 . direnaiter crotha cummai `díre is paid for maimed figures', BCrólige 64 . brisiud cnama ┐ cumma tuinne, LL 13868 . cumbae hUae mBriuin `destruction', AU i 326.x . i[c] cummai ┐ oc letrad trénḟer, TTr.² 1529 . athcuma . . . .i. . . . cuma co aith, Laws i 234.26 Comm.

2 act of shaping, fashioning, composing : i doríndi uaím ┐ cuma ar tus, MacCarthy 286.23 . uaim, ┐ cumu, ┐ druinuchus `cutting out', Laws ii 154.7 Comm. in áirc . . . iarna cuma ┐ iarná cumdach shaped, LB 123a45 . dia chuma ┐ dia midhemhain na criche, RC xliii 68.13 . ica cumma ┐ ica certugud (of ship Argo), LL 30959 ( TTr. 140 ). mac in tṡaír . . . / do chumma in chláir ina chirt, Ériu ix 49.1 . cuigeal . . . aca . . . a (= do ?) chuma shægail cach duine (of fates), TTebe 1321 . celcc do chuma, BNnÉ 89.39 . gan an creidemh do chuma ré na chéill acht a chiall do chuma risan ccreidemh, Mac Aingil 116 - 7 . ? im chuma(id) bíd fris `preparing food', RC ii 388.2 . ? gan beith ag cuma re ced do sasadh attempting, undertaking , BCC 68.11 . mithid dam comma Ceilbe `to make verse on C.', Metr. Dinds. iii 54.1 . lucht cummæ in sceoil-si, CCath. 6160 . an bhrég do chor a ccuma / ar son na séd saoghalda, IGT Introd. § 60 . cuma a fheart ní fhéadainnse `I can not describe his wonders', PBocht 11.12 . clū a ceardcha na cuma, O'R. Poems 2068 ` composition ', Gloss. gan lucht cuma ar cráoib N., IGT Decl. ex. 170 . le cuma a aignidh féin `by means of the inventions of his own brain', Content. xvi 183 . gur chuirestair . . . glósnathe filedh fuithe da cuma ┐ da cumhdach, BNnÉ 265.26 . ? Cf. bíodh re gach cuma dar ceangladh / urra urrlamh, DDána 111.26 . ? ní da cuma i tarmforcenn, IT iii 28.5 .

3 shape, form, appearance : in cétach co cumma glan, Metr. Dinds. iv 220.15 . fuath ┐ cumma in choindelbra, LB 121a50 . doradsat cuma na Trae furre, Aen. 1208 . cetharochair a cuma `fouredged was its shape', CCath. 17 . aluinn cuma do da chos, BS 18.23 . cuma crut[h]ach, Marco P. 103 . ? cuicthi i cuic cummi, ar is cuma la .u. cinta dosliat . . . .u. cumbae cinad, O'Curry 811 ( H 3.18, 375a ). ba cruthach . . . eter méit ┐ chórai ┐ chummai, TTr.² 362 . gan locht cuma ar craoibh n-Aise, DDána 99.33 . ní chongbann a chuma anos, O'Gr. Cat. 555.z . ? dá mbeith Dia ag cuma (leg. a gcuma) fa cheart in His true form, DDána 23.1 . cuma, deilbh, Eg. Gl. 151 . imdheanta, faicsiona, cuma, 412 . a chuma ar gach neach a-nos / gomadh truma an bhreath bhéaras it is apparent on each one, Dán Dé xxi 25 .

4 In prep. phrases: ní bátar i nHére óic a cumma dóib like them, LU 1513 (MU). tolcha corra . . . / ar choma chíge cédmhná (proscribed), IGT Verbs ex. 578 . i gcuma báis, PBocht 4.47 . lecc lógmar . . . fó chuma grene ┐ ésca resembling, Todd Lect. vi 67.8 . ar cuma an oirnigh doníther don bradan `in the form of', BCC 108.28 . a ccuma na ccreach archena `like the rest of the prey', Hugh Roe² 208.14 . cumma cáich like (with) everybody else, LU 3110. 3163 . cumma cháich, Ériu iv 98.6 . i cumai caich, Lism. L. xx 16 . hi cuma chaigh, Leb. Gab.(i) 200.23 . hi cumaidh cāich, ZCP vi 259.2 .

5 In adv. phrases: foróenchummi gl. identidem, Sg. 14b1 . luid . . . C. fon cumma cetna similarly, LU 8874 ( FB 67 ). fon cumma cetna, CRR 26 . TTr.² 988 . a cumma cetno, IT iii 243.255 . dotháet ass fón cumma sin, TBC-LL² 2304 . fon cuma sein, Cog. 162.29 .

As predicate of copula in a variety of idioms.

6 is c.¤ x fri y x is like, the same as y: nitachummese friusom gl. mihi autem, Wb. 20c25 . ní c.¤ fri cach crieid, Ml. 85c14 . nídat chummai frisnammoltu dográes gl. nihil commone, 115b3 (artificial pl. form rather than attrib. g s.). nir chumma nech ris im chath `there was none to match him in battle', Metr. Dinds. iv 344.73 . gein bad chumma fri C., i 36.111 . nad rabi remaib . . . fiallach bad cumma gaisced frisin dínisin, LL 32166 ( TTr. 1355 ). Adv. is cuma no do gaib aire fri aithech `it affects the chief equally with the plebeian', Laws iv 68.4 . Note also: bá cuma dán dib linaib (Cú Ch. and Fer Diad), LU 6003 . ceall bes cuma a cill fein, Laws iii 76.4 Comm. cumma ┐ sed ┐ samail a tri cuaich, BB 35a16 .

7 With ocus: ní cumme et tuss[u] unlike thee, Wb. 6b25 . nicumme et messe, 7b13 . nicumme et sissi, 14a30 . ni cumme ┐ M., 34a6 . mad cumme imned á cheli et a imned fessin, 20c6 . ni cummæ ┐ vocatiuus , Sg. 208a11 . is cumma ┐ timthirecht bech i lló ánli, LU 7558 ( BDD 139 ). cumme . . . ┐ sengobi `like an old smith', Mon. Tall. 134.4 . mad cumma ech ┐ ech, ZCP viii 217.11 . With nó: beag nach cuma cuaille fáil / dhod chréachtnughadh . . . / nó sibh do chrochadh iar gcioth to hang you up after a shower is almost the same thing as rending you with a hedge-stake (to an old cloak), Hackett² xxxi 5 . With follg. clause: is cumma no cinged . . . ┐ no chessed fén he travelled just like a waggon, LU 6844 ( BDD 41 ). With follg. clause with vb. in subj. impf. it is just as if: is cumme et ní imdibthe gl. circumcisio tua praeputium facta est, Wb. 1d17 . Without conj.: is cumme bid pugnator asberad gl. pro: pugnator, Ml. 67a8 . iscumme nibad móidem, Wb. 2b14 . With amail: is cuma dhuille an ḟeadha . . . / amail nobeith grāin chatha, Ériu iii 164 § 20 .

8 As adv. antecedent of rel. vb. equally, in the same way : is cummae mbis menmae cechtar de fri togais alali gl. par ad dicipiendum, Ml. 31a23 . condibcumme donduccam uili gl. ut idem sapiamus, Wb. 24a22 . iscummae ṁ bis ualitudo enartae ┐ ualitudo sonartae gl. tam . . . quam, Ml. 61a33 . conid cumme aramber biuth huacechrét `equally', 69a18 . cumma arangairtís gortai ┐ íttaid díb na hubla repelled both hunger and thirst, RC ix 474.21 ( LU 1695 ). cumma no slaided riam ┐ iarma, LU 5921 (TBC). is cumma tégtis fir ┐ mná i cathaib, IT i 193.25 . is cumma gebes a rer, o rig ┐ o aithech, PH 4011 . Cf. cuma frisidngair `of equal status corresponding to him', Bretha 2 .

9 With forms of as-beir (ráidid) and follg. clause as he was saying it etc.: cuma do-bi aga radha ┐ ad-bert in læidh ann asa haithli, ZCP viii 548.12 . is [c]uma ro bui aca radh[a sin ┐ ro] leic, Grail 4103 . cumma dobátar oc a ráda ┐ doṡáidseat a slega, LB 274a21 ( SG 55.19 ). cuma dó oca ráda ┐ do scáil, SG 56.18 . as cuma do bhái aga radha, ┐ dorinne an duan so, BNnÉ 267.15 . Cf. 1 cuma (ant am, v.l.) rabadar-sum . . . ragreis, TTebe 4417 .

10 is c.¤ la x y x makes no distinction between y (and someth. else): coma .i. ab eo [quod est] communis. Inde . . . cuma lem .i. is coimdes cipē diib, Corm. Y 221 . iscumme lessom tect fosmachtu rechto et fognam doídlaib he makes no distinction between submitting etc., Wb. 19d11 . is c.¤ leissem bid. f it is the same, he holds, as though it were f, Sg. 10a11 . is c.¤ limm etir ph. ┐ f. , 4 . is cumma lem bed i taulchuba ḟína no beth mo chend I feel as if my head were in a vat of wine, Fraech 45 . Hence x doesn't care about y: cuma .i. inann no maith ut est cuma lium cid toll mo lenn, O'Dav. 365 . ben las(a)mbi cuma cip cia las fia a woman who will sleep with anybody, BCrólige 44 . couma lē cip srīan cotagaib, ZCP viii 103.z . cuma lē gan Iarla ann she won't miss an Earl, Aithd. D. 38.9 . cuma lim, for F., Airne F. 238 . conid cuma les bas ┐ betha d'fagbail cares not whether he lives or dies, TTebe 4019 . cuma leamh . . . / mo shaeghal, BCC 192.23 . is cuma leis tús nó deireadh, TSh. 865 . nír bhó cuma lá haon . . . cia haca las a mbeith ball dia bhallaibh `contended with each other', AFM vi 2370.17 .

11 is c.¤ do x it is all the same for x: cuma dhuit .i. ni meisde dhuit, O'Cl. is cumme dó bidimdibthe gl. nonne praeputium illius, in circumcisione reputabitur? Wb. 1d20 . nibu chumme dúib ce bad hé frisandénte it would be a different matter for you if you did it to him, 9c24 . is cumme duit legens est ┐ qui legit , Sg. 193b5 . nech dia mbi c.¤ eibirt ┐ aicdi, Laws i 118.22 Comm. is cumma dam ce bát é éc tíasur, LU 7882 ( BDD 147 ). is cumma dúit . . . Nī dīgēltar foraib, ZCP viii 318.24 . i gcruth gurab cuma dhó a bhás nó a bheatha, TSh. 96 .

12 Without follg. prep.: cuma a dteasda uan dom aois it matters not, Dán Dé xvii 5 . teagh ríogh Ch. cuma a luadh, DDána 119.23 `níor mhiste', Gloss. cuma(dh) dhe no matter, Luc. Fid. 4177 .

In n. loc.: Ath Cuma in tSheisir Ford of the Slaughter of the Six, AFM i 244.y .

Compd. cumagnais `equal customs', expl. of comaithces, Laws iv 68.1 .

Cf. caumu.

u, m. vn. of do-dona, g s. didanta, Ériu ii 136 . Otia i 115 . comforting, consoling, refreshing; consolation, refreshment (= Lat. consolari, Wb. 1b1 , consolatio, 14b15 , Ml. 126c16 ). Absol. or folld. by obj. gen. or DO: méit donindnagar fornni fochith, issí méit insin donindnagar in díthnad, Wb. 14b15 . mór nd.¤ a great solace, Fél. June 8 . fail ann cen toirsi d.¤ (: díbad), SR 481 . ba sé mo d.¤ Uarán, Trip. 106 . is i fescur cach la cēin dlegar d.¤ dōib they are entitled to refection, ZCP xiii 29 . didnag cach galair, Laws v 490 . do glanad ┐ d.¤ anmand inna fíren, FA § 16 . do d.¤ a bróin, ZCP ix 192 . fáilte demin dom d.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iii 466 . rofóid Dia dia d.¤ (dignadh, v.l.) de | énlaith fírglan anglide, 378 . mar dúatar na mucca mess . . . luidset . . . cosin loch dia lán-d.¤ (: sír-blad), 404 . diar nd.¤ i nduilgib, Gorm. 1 . fri d.¤ suth, SR 7283 . robet ocom d.¤ (: rígrad), Fél. Ep. 299 . dia mbeth agum in comarba sin dot eis-[s]iu agum didhnudh, Aen. 810 . tobar . . . co mboltnugud do dighnad anmann, Snedg. u. Mac R 37 . With follg. DO: d.¤ damsa foirbthetu hirisse dúibsi, Wb. 1b1 . nocho d.¤ dam, Ériu vii 6 . is d.¤ do chredlaib, Fél. Ep. 191 . ropad d.¤ dom anmain, TFerbe 668 . bud d.¤ dit ḟeirg it will be a vent to they wrath ([coi]scfidh sin t'feircc, St.), TBC-LL¹ 6018 . d.¤ do truagaib, Laws iii 18 . Rarely with subj. gen.: didhnad carat a friend's comforting, Ériu ii 136 . fēili apstal is martīr ir-rē chorgais mōir, | a nd.¤ i ndomnaigib ata nessam doib (= during Lent enjoy the comfort afforded by the festivals . . . on the Sundays following them? d.¤ being used here, as often, of the extra fare allowed on feast-days), ZCP xiii 28 . g s. cumsanad didanta a pause for consolation, Ériu ii 136 . il-luc didanta, Otia i 115 . g p. immud didnad , LL 123a21 . Hence dignad .i. sasa[d] nó mian, O'Dav. 718 , cf. ib. 623 . diodhnadh .i. sásadh , O'Cl. (in restricted sense of supplying physical wants).

n compensation, amends, appeasement (?) (perh. same word as dígde, q.v.): dighi .i. glanadh ut est: doní molad di dia d.¤ .i. dia deghnighi no dia glanadh no dia buidhechus, O'Dav. 656 . digh(d)e .i. síth, O'Dav. 590 . .i. dioghnadh nó sásadh enough, plenty, satiety , P. O'C. díghe .i. coimhdhiodhnadh no sásadh comforting or sating, O'Cl. ? digh(dh)e .i. buideachas, ib. dighe .i. slanughadh, ut est Cath Muidhe Tuiredh: do dighisi do brog donnega so, Ériu xiii 74 § 172 . dligid cach dotheinga díge, LL 294a7 . dligidir cech duigthech (= doguittech?) dígi, ZCP xi 89 = ar dligid cach dogdech díbe, 84 § 34 (see p. 102 ). do chuinchid mo díg(dh)e [ó Grécaib] iar mo chrád doaib, TTr.² 301 .

ind .i. sasadh , O'Dav. 632 . diognadh, P. O'C.

prep. governing gen. and nasalizing to, towards . In origin proclitic form of tochim. See GOI § 858 . Condemned in IGT Introd. § 131 : dochuirfeadh `d.¤' focal a ccruth táoibhréime damadh cóir é `d.¤' would be followed by the genitive if it were correct (to use it). See also TSh. p. xiv . When used in verse counts as stressed word, : cochall, IGT Introd. § 131 (`lochdach'). : tofunn, ZCP vi 260 § 12 . : dochunn. SG 84.21 .

Earliest usage: a d.¤ to him, Ml. 46d2 . for ndochumsi to you, 53d9 . d.¤ ṅDée, Wb. 10a22 . Later with added prep., most commonly when governing a personal pronoun. With I: ina d.¤ , FB § 37 . innar n-d.¤ , IT i 310.12 . i nd.¤ nÁdaim, SR 2106 . With DO: dom d.¤ , ZCP vi 260 . dia d.¤ , IT i 126.8 . With pleonastic poss. a d.¤ nÉua, SR 1156 . a dóchum na Sabrainde, MacCongl. 25.13 .

In later lang. chum, chun, chuin, SG 28.39 . cuini, AI 388 (s.a. 1295.2) , Celtica x 136 n. 68 .

Mid. Ir. usually without nasalization. Cf. d.¤ dǽ, Ml. 111c3 . Note also: dochumm Shilvestair, PH 284 . d.¤ chumsanta, 1158 . dochumm thalman, 1198 .

I Expressing motion.

(a) to, towards (a destination, whether place or person): ni fil taidchur do d.¤ in choirp sin, Wb. 3a14 . is illánamnas dorograd d.¤ ṅDée, 10a22 . a thabarte d.¤ n-irisse, 11b22 . dochoid . . . d.¤ Pōil for longis, 31d19 . dobertis da boc leu d.¤ tempuil, Tur. 110c . tuidech[t] doib d.¤ a tire, Ml. 104c5 . dotet (viz. the endurance of suffering) d.¤ ind folaid tanaidi inna anmae, 22d9 . saichdetu d.¤ luic, Sg. 214b1 . ní dechuid dochom forcinn it has not gone to the end, 148b3 . is malle connucabsat d.¤ nIsu together they rose to, Hy. ii 66 . d.¤ feda conselai it went to the wood, v 62 . co tarla Brigit d.¤ na cille, Thes. ii 337.39 . arnā tēised nech d.¤ nEamna, TBC-I¹ 595 . dothiagad a nd.¤ , 632 . ass ná téig d.¤ n-Adaim, SR 1152 . rolingiuth . . . dochumm a beoil, IT i 139.17 . rucad d.¤ rīchid, FA 3 . slechtais d.¤ láir he bowed himself to the ground, Mon. Tall. § 7 . do thecht . . . dochumm n-iffirn, PH 3664 . ro-fresgabsat . . . d.¤ nime, 1933 . ro-shín popul na n-Iudaide al-lama dochumm nime, 6658 . roaitherraigh asin leabaidh sin d.¤ ionaidh ele, BS 22.z . dorad andara hurchar . . . d.¤ an chlérigh, 10.23 . rob áil damh dol d.¤ tigerna eile, 104.27 . dia cásc doshaighedh docum Sleibte, ZCP viii 106.y . abrad fris . . . co nā tardad gráin na hirfhuath leis ina d.¤ not to come to him in a form inspiring awe or horror, ACL iii 5.9 . táinic díghaltas ó Dhia d.¤ an ríg, SG 6.38 . nochtait a cridedha d.¤ Dia, 38.21 . co tarrla druim tar ais d.¤ in tsrotha he went head over heels into the stream, RC vi 177.109 . drong do ridirib do techt cum Maic Murcudha, xviii 277.6 . rogairm Hisu . . . docum (do- above line) Philait, YBL 141b33 . atchonnairc go ndechaigh in rí chum cotulta, LB 278az . dochuir Sé fúa[s]gladh chum a dhaoine (= redemptionem misit populo suo), Psalms cxi 9 . dorad cuiredh dōip chom a medhōin láoi an invitation to dinner, Fl. Earls 42.16 . With follg. rel.: tanic . . . dochumm ar-roibe d'iresechaib, PH 223 . risna dóeinib docum a ticit na teadma sin to whom these plagues come, RC xxiv 379.5 . an Chruinne (= Corunna) . . . chom ar thriallsat ó thūs, Fl. Earls 12.15 . an chríoch dheigheanach d.¤ a bfhoilmíd uile ag tairreang, Ó Héodhusa 47 . With vb. of motion understood: fo chosmailius cethrae d.¤ báis after the fashion of a beast (going) to its death, Ml. 69b3 . codla cimedha amail nobiadh d.¤ báis approaching his death, SG 47.2 . findnél na cailce d.¤ inna nél rising towards the clouds, RC xiii 456.20 . conacci a d.¤ in fer isin charput, Imr. Brain § 32 . con-accai . . . in n-aenmnái . . . ina d.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 203 . mairg nosleanand co bas nach fedand iarsin docum nimhe, YBL 168a32 .

(b) In more abstract senses: fedir . . . a ndíriduigthe d.¤ nacha rainne aile the derivative tends to become another part of speech, Sg. 188a12 . co nach roich cin indile (sic leg.) chaich d.¤ a cheile that one may not be liable for damage done by the cattle of the other, Laws iv 68.z Comm. mic na mban taighe, cé no-gabtha a oen no dedhe dībh do cum na fine though one or two of them may have been received into the tribe, 294.5 Comm. is é in fégad sin rotcuir Petar d.¤ aithrigi, PH 3194 . dothogsat é d.¤ espocóiti, SG 52.39 . doléicetar a n-aithgne d.¤ a chéile they disclosed themselves to each other, SG 274 . táinig d.¤ críche came to pass, Ó Héodhusa 55.7 . a mhed do dáinib docuirebuir-se docum bais put to death, BCC § 179 . gor cuiredh B. . . . chom bāiss, Fl. Earls 60.3 .

Of poems, letters, greetings, etc.: Slán an Chaomhánaigh d.¤ an athar U. (title of poem), O'Gr. Cat. 665 . betha ┐ sláinti andso ó O nDomhnaill d.¤ a thigerna, 57 .

II Expressing purpose in order to, with a view to (often with follg. vn.): nad mbíad buiden día chinél dochum ndála . . . la hUltu, Trip.² 2656 . do ghabatar a nduana . . . dona laechradaib d.¤ a gcoiscthe, SG 341.2 . seindit . . . cruiti . . . cum aimsighti forro to tempt them, ZCP i 256 § 20 . comar .i. d.¤ treabtha, Triads p. 39 gl. 125 . becán do chraibech ferna do cur docum teinedh cuige to make a fire, BCC § 182 . ca méd maireas don fheinn d.¤ an morchatha, CF 583 . dobhattar ag ulmuccadh d.¤ an láoi sin, BNnÉ 57 § 64 . adermaid d.¤ an derbaid sin for the purpose of that proof, O'Gr. Cat. 247 . cona n-uile ionnstrumint dlesdanach d.¤ uird ┐ aifrenn, Rel. Celt. ii 160 . d.¤ chelcce roinnill an Seinesccal . . . an choinne, AFM v 1710 . fá dtagraim ní triall chum táir it is not with intent to revile, Content. xi 15 . (of the teeth) doníd sochur d.¤ na hurlabhra, 3 C 19, 112 vb 7 . sē laithe sonnradhacha chom deirce gacha bliadhna, Fl. Earls 100.3 . [ata] canosāsion chom a dhēnta go hobonn . . . air his canonization is to take place speedily, 98.2 . Note also: do siredar dias allmurach d.¤ gach fir acu for each of them, CF 165 .

Often in phr. completing sense of a noun or adj.: comullam d.¤ elōid, Celt. Rev. iv 206.5 . bim ullumh com uilc ┐ righin cum gach maithiusa, Lib. Flav. 21 vb 16 . leasc cum na ndeadh-oibrigthi, 9 . dobhádar umhal chum a dhíola willing to pay it, Maguires of F. § 53 . nír díngbála sinn d.¤ a chaithme worthy to eat it, SG 43.z . an tadbur docamhlach docum a iondarbtha the matter difficult to expel, 3 C 22, 190b14 . gan chead sbeisialta do bheith aige d.¤ a léaghtha without special permission to read it, Ó Héodhusa 135.12 . créad dobh' ádhbhar dhó chum na heasumhlachta what reason he had for revolting, Maguires of F. § 50 .

Folld. by vn. clause: gion gurab diongmála meisi d.¤ tusa do sásadh , BNnÉ 57 § 64 . dotochuil an carnn . . . d.¤ ainm tigearna do gairm de féin, MS. Mat. 542.21 . cuidiucchadh na ccroinicighe d.¤ leabhair Annaladh do scríobhadh, 543.z . bíd [na hingne] . . . d.¤ dhighi d'ól eistib, Maund. 238 . lá cinnte acu d.¤ báis d'imirt ort, SG 338.16 . ní . . . do chruthaghadh d.¤ a rádh go mbiadh . . ., Ó Héodhusa 50.13 . Folld. by clause with finite vb.: docum co ndernadh se fén manuch dhe so that he himself might make him a monk, BCC § 161 . cuirid d.¤ sets about: sul do chuir sé (i.e. Alexander) d.¤ an domuin do ghabail before he set himself to conquer, ZCP ii 16.19 . rogabsat . . . ag cur d.¤ an bhaile do ghabhail, AFM v 1846 .

After nouns and vbs. having the meaning inciting, inducing, compelling: an t-áos ealadhna do bhrosdadh d.¤ a ionnsamhla so do dhéunamh, RC iv 352 . do ghluais sinn d.¤ patrúin do dhéunamh dháoibh induced us to . . ., ib. do gríosadh mise d.¤ na staire seo do scríobhadh, Keat. i 76 . an greasacht thucais ar mo mac d.¤ ann allmuraigh, CF 634 . a gcur d.¤ cora do ghenamh re M. to compel them to make peace with M., O'Gr. Cat. 150.11 . si cogatur accipere evomit .i. da gcoimeignighthear é d.¤ a ghabhala sgeithidh, 23 K 42, 309.10 . appetitus nauseandi .i. saint d.¤ urlaichthe, 19 .

v The only instances in the O.Ir. Glosses are: sec. fut. pl. 3 (with inf.) fagebtis, Wb. 8a14 . pret. s. 1 -fuar, Ml. 57d3 . 3 (with inf.) fonduair, Sg. 144b3 . In the later lang. fo in the deut. forms is gradually replaced by do; in prot. forms fagb- is frequently reduced to fag-, forms without initial f- are not uncommon and are recognized by the mediaeval grammarians. See IGT, Verbs § 22 .

Early Mod. instances of omission of preverb are: mar gheibhther , Parrth. Anma 40.18 . gheibh, Corp. Astron. 86 .

Forms occurring after the period of the Glosses: ipv. 1 s. faghaim, TD 22a20 . 2 faghaibh, Dán Dé xii 27 . fag, ZCP vi 88.8 . fagh, Luc. Fid. 276.4 . ind. pres. 1 s. do gheibhim , Luc. Fid. 71.18 . -fagbaim, CCath. 4286 . -fágbaim, PH 2696 -fagaim, LL 175a26 . -faghaim, TD 22a10 . Luc. Fid. 326.9 . 2 do gheibhir , Luc. Fid. 325.9 . -faghair, 325y . -fogbái (torbai), Thes. ii 296.6 . 3 fogaib, Laws iv 194.20 ( SM Facs., 16a ), etc. fogeib, LU 2126 , 2138 . Mon. Tall. 72 . PH 7080 . dogeib, PH 7814 . Maund. 149 . dogheibh, Ó Héodhusa 44 . TD 29.5 . TSh. 790 . 3605 . -fogaib, LU 8632 . -fagaib PH 7992 . Ériu iv 214 § 12 . -faghann, Maund. 263 . TD 16. 1 . 22a4 . Ó Héodhusa 122 . TSh. 1212 . 3645 . 1 pl. fogabum. PH 6120 . dogabmait, 2887 . dogheibhmíd, Ó Héodhusa 111 . TSh. 48 . -faghmaoid, Ó Héodhusa 111 . 3 fogabat, LU 1852 (H = foga-baid, YBL 6a32 ). LU 4732 . baghabhat, BB 322b7 . dogabat, PH 3573 . dogebid, Maund. 263 . do-geibhit, Fl. Earls 52.5 . do-gheibhid, TSh. 511 . 3612 . -fagbat, LU 2229 . -faghait, Fl. Earls 88.20 . -faghaid, TD 16.8 . TSh. 323 . imperf. 1 s. do gheibhinn TD 14.17 . -fuighinn (-faghuinn v.l.) TD 15.12 . 3 do-gheibheadh, TSh. 640 . -facchbad, CCath. 3993 v.l. pl. 1 dogheibhmis, TD 14.17 v.l. 3 fogeibtis, SR 4632 . do-gheibhdis, Keat. ii 234 . -faghbadais, CCath. 2153 . -faghdais 2520 . subj. pres. 1 s. fogabur, PH 617 . fogabar, 403 . -fagbur, CCath. 3341 . Ann. Conn. 1244 § 5 . -fagar, TBC-LL¹ 4448 St. -fagur, Celtica xiii 19.203 . 3 fogaba (= inveniat p. 430 ) PH 5011 . bhagaba, TTebe 4543 . -fagba, SR 2551 . LU 2609 . -faghbha (-fogba v.l.), CCath. 1695 . -fagha, Maund. 263 . Ó Héodhusa 70 . TD 16. 24 . (fuighe v.l.); 24.1 . pl. 3 -fagbat, PH 4193 , -fogbat -fagbat, CCath. 1696 v.l. (-faghbhuid text). subj. past 1 s. fogabaind, CCath. 2725 . -fagbaind, TBC-LL¹ 1173 . -aghbhoinn TD 14.15 . 2 -faghthá, TD 22a9 . 3 fogabad, CCath. 1089 . -fagbad, SR 2567 . 2583 . -faghbhadh, Lism. L. 3040 . -faghadh, Maund. 262 . TSh. 8520 ( -fuighbheadh, 7094 , sec. fut. in form). 1 pl. -fagbaimis, BDD 48 Y (cf. sec. fut.). 3 -agbaitis, LL 153b13 . fut. 1 s. fogéb, PH 2430 . dogébh, Imr. Brain i 60.6 . doghiab, CF 469 . -fugéb, LL 123b25 . in baigiub , Cog. 172.9 . 2 fogebai, LU 11015 . fogéba, LU 208 . TBC-LL¹ 106 . dageba, Cog. 172.10 . do ghébha , Ó Héodhusa 8 . do-ghéabhair, Keat. ii 4513 . doghiabha, CF 118 . doghiabhair, 323 . -faigeba, LU 3912 . -fuigbe, LL 328 f 30 . -foigbe (fuigbe, -i, fuidbe, faigbe, foibe v.l.), Fél. Ep. 147 . -fuigir ZCP vi 286.25 . ní bhfuighir , TSh. 3253 . -fuighbhir, Keat. ii 4501 . 3 fogéba, LU 2029 . doghébha, Ó Héodhusa 46 . do-ghéabha, TD 20.49 . do-ghéabhaidh, TSh. 1376 . -foighe TD 27.19 . -fuighe, Ó Héodhusa 82 . -fuighbhe, TSh. 342 . pl. 1 do ghébham , Ó Héodhusa 10 ; 97 . -foigheam 14 ; 89 . TD 13.29 . -foighbheam, TD 13.29 . 2 fogébthaidh, Anecd. iii 69.20 . fogebthai, YBL 87b17 ( RC xxvi 138 ). do-ghéabhthaoi, TSh. 1950 . -fuighthi, TD 9.56i 3 fogebat, CCath. 1702 v.l. (dogebhait, text). -faigbet LU 2406 . PH 4343 . -fuigbet, 3640 . sec. fut. 1 s. -faigbind TBC-LL¹ 1728 (-fuiginn St). -fuiginn, ZCP vi 286.21 . 2 -fogebtha SR 1563 = -ḟuigbithea, LB 112a35 . (?) -foighthéa (leg. -eá) Ó Héodhusa 112 . 3 fogebad (sic leg.) SR 1131 . fogebed LU 1788 . fogébed, 1817 . dogebad, Ann. Conn. 1282 § 7 do-ghéabhadh, TSh. 3603 . -fuighbheadh, TSh. 503 . pl. 1 -fugebmaís, LU 6890 ( BDD 48 = -fagbaimis Y, -faigbimis D). 3 -foigebtais, SR 5563 . -fugebtaís, LU 2229 .

pret. and perf.

(1 ) 1 sg. fó núarsa (rel.) LU 6024 . fuar (in reply) TBC-LL¹ 1770 . 3 s. fo uair , LL 288a9 . fofuáir, SR 3091 . fofuair, Fél. Nov. 7 . foruair, LL 183b5 . for fuair , LB 132a12 . do uair , RC xxiv 202 § 19 . fuair, Ó Héodhusa 7 ; 122 . TSh. 563 . 1 pl. -fuaramar ni, YBL 110b33 = -ḟúaram ni, LL 260b16 . 2 -fuarabhair, TD 9. 56 . 3 fofúaratár, LU 10579 . fó úaratar , Trip. 2.5 . fuaradar, Ó Héodhusa 74 . -fuaradar, TSh. 1193 .

(2 ) 1 sg. foḟuarus, LL 198b24 . fuarus ib. 28 . fuaras, TD 11.14 ; 14.20 . na (= a n-) fuarus , SR 1758 . -fuaras, TD 14.10 . -ḟuaross, TBC-LL¹ 3674 . 2 fofuarais, SR 1751 . fuarais (rel.), TSh. 7111 . -fuarais, TBC-LL¹ 1770 . 1 pl. fuairsem, Ó Héodhusa 8 . 3 -fuairsed, Ó Héodhusa 3z .

(3 ) 3 pl. fogaibset LU 1792 .

Pass. pres. s. fogabar, LU 426 . PH 7168 . do-geibhthear, TD 13.8 . TSh. 2764 . -fogabar, ZCP viii 303.27 . Laws iv 194.19 ( SM Facs. 15a ); -fogbaither, ib. seems a miswriting of the pl.). -agabar, Laws iii 90.1 . -aghaibhthir, TD 22a55 . -faghthar, TSh. 2152 . -faghthair, TD 10.10 . -foghthor, 29.14 . -oghthair, 10.3 . -faghuir, 7.3 . foghair, 17.8 . -aghair, 28.38 . pl. -fogbaiter, Laws iv 194.22 ( SM Facs. 15a ). imperat. s. faghar, TD 25.16 . aghar, Dán Dé iii 8 . imperf. s. do-geibhthi, TD 14.13 . -fogbaithe, LU 9055 . -fagtai, Maund. 262 . pres. subj. s. -fagthar, LU 6155 (H). -fagaither, TBC-LL¹ 4448 . -foghar, TD 10.23 . -aghar, 17.3 . -oghair, 15.47 . -faghthair, 10.13 . fut. s. fogebthar, fugebthar, LU 10989 . do-ghéabhthar, TSh. 3423 . -fuigebthar, ZCP xi 83 § 31 . TBC-I¹ 2779 . -fuighthear, TD 9. 7 . -faigbistar, LU 8445 ( FB 30 = fuigbestar, Eg) is apparently an isolated form (`a barbarous mixture of the s and the b futures' Strachan, ZCP iii 479 ). sec. fut. s. -foigfide, Cáin Ad. 8 . pret. and perf. s. fo fríth , Hy v 79 . fofrith, LU 10722 . Fél. Feb. 25 . Ann. Conn. 1235 § 8 . foríth, LL 277b21 . forríth, 150a29 . forrith, AFM 123 . frith, LU 183 . -fríth, Hy v 29 . Ann. Conn. 1235 § 8 . frith, AU 1014 . Fl. Earls 88 . fríoth, Ó Héodhusa 122 . do frith (v.l. frith), IT iii 193.15 . rofrithe, Luc. Fid. 382.9 . pl. fofrítha, Metr. Dinds. iii 284.97 . -fritha, Anecd. ii 4.15 .

In general sense finds, gets , hence

(a) finds, meets with, discovers (in a place): feib fonduáir som la auctoru , Sg. 144b3 . fofuair ann fer, SR 3091 . dia mbé nech occá sirfégad imme ... fogéba do cech leth aci agid, LU 2029 . dobert a laimh dar a einech. fogeib teora boulga for a aghaidh, Corm. Y p. 59 . nech bad chalmu ... cosindiu nocon ḟuaross TBC-LL¹ 3674 . cia airm i faigbind in Coin Culaind?, 1728 (a bfuiginn St). ní fúaram-ni ... mnai do dingbala-so cosindiu IT i 74.11 . is annsin fuarustair ... Ruadhán fora cind BNnÉ 322 § 31 . fofrith (forrith v.l.) cenn Póil ... hi féil ind ḟir ..., Fél. Feb. 25 . snechta do nā frith samail re hed cian, Ann. Conn. 1318 § 11 . an cétna long ... fúair Hérinn `the first ship which reached Ireland.' Ériu iv 158 § 35 . ceathracha trath ... fofrith Ere ria ndílind was discovered Leb. Gab.(i) i 16 . do cech anmanda ... fogébad for talmain, Ériu ii 134 § 113 . a faigbed do lindib forsin bhith, § 114 . is edh forfuaradar ina lebraibh, RC x 186.3 . mar frithi a lebraib lindi, Metr. Dinds. iii 346 . do réir ṡeanrolla fríoth i nOxford, Keat. iii 2575 . a llotár dano ond insi sin fúaratár insi máir LU 1767 . fogaibset insi n-aili, 1792 . iar bhfácbháil na ndithrub sin dogabar crích forlethan `you come to' Marco P. 21 . coicc primroid Erenn ..., ní fritha gusanocht, Anecd. ii 4.15 . a n-oidhce geine Cuinn forrith cóicc phríomhróid go Teamhraigh, AFM 123 . mar gheibhther ag Lucas ... san seisedh caibidiol, Parrth. Anma 40.18 . gur cuireadh ...i meidh an mheasruighthe, go bhfríoth ní budh lugha ioná an chóir aige was weighed in the balance and found wanting TSh. 3635 . (cf. 3181 cited below (b)). Cath ... do na frith inntsamail a battle of which no like has been found AU 1014 . bodith ... dona frith samail riam, Ann. Conn. 1321 § 5 . With vn. phrase or dependent clause as obj.: co na fuair cair nā peccad do dénum do Ísu, PH 2718 . Fertán C. cia rochlaid in fagbaid nó in fetabair? can you find out? Metr. Dinds. iii 8 . In later lang. DOGHEIBH AMACH = discovers: no gur fritheadh an sgribhneoireacht ... amach until writing was invented Luc. Fid. 256 . ar na daoinibh gheibh neithe nuadha amach, Corp. Astron. 86 .

(b) with adj. or other compl. of pred. finds (in a certain condition): mongenar anmain fogabar co glan dia stiurad on M. sin that is found pure PH 7168 . go fagtai na fir marbh arnamairech, Maund. 262 . nach faghair sibh seasmhach that you are not found constant Content. xxii 12 . See also feb. fríoth Naoi 'na fhíréan 'na shíl-treabhaibh féin = Noe vir iustus in generationibus suis TSh. 3181 . do fríth easbhuidheach thú, Dan. v 27 (cf. 3635 cited above (a)) ní frith sinne ... commbuidech riam we have never been equally satisfied BColm. 20.19 . dogeibhit na doirrsi foriadhta ar a gcionn, Fl. Earls 52.5 . munab i leacaibh cloch fuairsiod scríobhth iad, Keat. i p. 146 . cionnus do-geibhthear ort an lucht tuillimh ... do bhíodh agat ? what is the disposition of thy hired servants towards thee ? TSh. 4230 (corresp. to: cionnus atáid duit ... ?, 4241 ).

(c) gets, gains, obtains, procures (with Ó, A of source): int áenmacc ríg ... is mō fuair ┐ tuc amach who got and gave away most ZCP viii 111.13 . in tan na fádbait a mbiad, PH 7476 . nem fuair an t-anc(h)ara ... ar a thir got heaven in exchange for ACL iii 307 § 25 . a n-as ail duid dogeba on choimdi, YBL 167a2 . fogeb trocaire treimit he obtains mercy BColm. 78.23 . is gerr co fuigir furtacht, ZCP vi 286.25 . as meisi dúil as anṡádhaile ... dogheibh a betha isin domun that lives BS § 70 . ionnus go ffaghdais a mbethaidh that they might get their sustenance BNnÉ 320 § 20 . no (= do] geibhdís betha gan feidm ndaonda léo acht ... got their livelihood without any human exertion save ... ib. doghebhaitt na hálaidh sin furtacht, 297y . braighe gill as a ffuighbithe eich ┐ airgheadha for whose ransom horses and herds would have been got AFM v 1788.26 . gach aon ... do geip mar chuiss impidhe ... gan bass fiadhnach ... d'faghail `who obtains as an act of grace ... that he shall not suffer death in public' Fl. Earls 70.27 . na hindmasa doberam-ne ... ni huain fogabum iat, PH 6120 . is í comhairle do-gheibheadh ón marbh, TSh. 640 . an teagasg rofrithe ona habsdoluibh, Luc. Fid. 382.9 . With DO of pers. (= dat. of advantage): fag-sa airm ... ┐ eideth dam !, ZCP vi 88.8 . fagh dhamh ... san sgrioptur na briathra so !, Luc. Fid. 276.4 . do-uair Niall ... rigi coidchi da cheneol, RC xxiv 202 § 19 . cearc ... fhuair clú d'fhine Fhearghosa that won fame for Studies 1921, 257 .

(d) gets, induces (some one to do something) causes (something to be done) (with Ó or FOR of pers.): faghaibh gan é d'aithfear, Dán Dé xii 27 . do ráidh an rí ré cách dul ... is ní bhfuair ó neach dul ann he got no one to go Keat. iii 2591 (= ni fuair ó neoch, Cóir Anm. 125 ). fuaradar ó Phádraig an dara heaglais ... do dhéanamh i Leith Mogha they were permitted by P. to build Keat. iii 312 . ni fuigebthar foro tuidecht they will not be prevailed on to come TBC-I¹ 2779 .

(e) freq. with abstr. or semi-abstr. obj. meets with, experiences, undergoes: fofuarais mór do duilgi, SR 1751 . cech pian fogéb ar ainm ṅDé, PH 2427 . mar do ḟuair a chalann crád, Ériu iv 112 § 5 . ar eccla co fuidedh se pían, Maund. 149 . do badh ḟearr lais co faghbhadh cath he would rather have had to fight Lism. L. 3040 . fuaratar troid thenn ... o Gheraltachaibh, AFM vi 2118. 3 . gach ní ... fá bhfuighinn guais which might be perilous to me Dán Dé ix 6 . gurab léir dhó ... nach fuighbbe sochar ná socamhal, TSh. 1133 . frith saothar dermhair ag tabairt an eich ... aníoss, Fl. Earls 88 . na daoine ... dogheibh togbháil suas bharbardha, Ó Héodhusa 76w . conna fuaratar ... aidchi ṅdunaid ... bad mó dód ... dóib never spent a worse night TBC-LL¹ 631 . an t-ech fós, nach faghaibh sbuir do cur uirri who never feels the spur Ériu iv 214.12 . f.¤ bás dies: fogeib in rí bás, Mon. Tall. § 72 . co fúigbe bás croiche, PH 2429 . mas ann do cinded damh-sa bás d'fághbhail, dogébh if it is there I am fated to die, there I shall die Imr. Brain i 60.6 . is truag dham nach eg do fhuarus, Aen. 2602 . foruair macc D. a aidid, LL 183b5 ( Arch. Hib. ii 63 ). co faghdis a n-oidedha ... le cláraibh ... ac rotuitim forra, CCath. 2010 . cen co fagbat ... a n-airlech isin cath though they be not slain in the battle 4275 . faghbhadh ... bas ┐ aidhedh libh let ... be slain by you RC xliii 34z .

With concrete obj. in fig. sense: la macc Rossa frith a lecht his death came about RC xxiii 308 . Cf. fríoth a n-árach `their deaths were brought about' GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 169 . fríth ilach dó ... i cath birach B., LL 184b45 ( Arch. Hib. ii 83 ).

Often folld. by vn. with poss. refl. pron. (cf. similar use of Welsh cael): nuchun ḟaigbe th'imṡnádud thou shalt not be protected Ériu i 128 . Simon ... fuair a chrochad hi Parthib iii 196 § 12 . ni fhuidhitís a sásadh they would never be satisfied RC xxiv 379w . ó nach fuair a múnadh, since it has never been instructed Dán Dé xix 8 ( YBL 393b18 ). fuair a hurgnamh ... ┐ a fobairt it had been prepared ... and annealed (of a hauberk) CCath. 5215 .

(f) gets (an opportunity of doing), is able (usually with vn. obj.; cf. c, d). conna faghbhadh bheith 'na ecmais could not do without him Lism. L. 1483 . ní ḟuair grádh ná eagla t'ḟos neither love nor fear could restrain you Content. viii 9 . ni faigebhdais scor a n-ech la feraibh Midhe, min dicuirte Mocuda they would not have been allowed to unyoke their horses BNnÉ 303 § 14 . With obj. joined to vn. by DO: dús in fagbaind mo lāma do ḟuligud ... indiu to see if I might redden my hands TBC-LL¹ 1173 . arna fagbatis fini F. iat do fogail so that the tribe of F. should not be able to injure them Lec. [24]a15 ( ZCP x 165 ). mar fuaradar Dál Riada Scotia do thabhairt ar Albain `when the D. R. were permitted to call [A.] Scotia' Keat. ii 5816 . ó nach fuair féin a haigneadh do chalochlódh since he was unable to alter her intention Keat. ii 3039 . For F.¤ ÁRACH, FAILL X (FOR X), see these nouns. Cf. also: ar an gcóir fríoth folmhughadh, PBocht 19 § 9 . With advb. MAITH: atbeiredh cách nár bó maith fríth an marbhadh sin that that slaying was unjustified AFM v 1790.17 . maith fuarais mise do ghoin ... óir is mé do mharbh th'athair, Keat. ii 4508 . maith do-ghéabhdaois clann Ch. ... aonduine ortha d'oirdneadh, TD 9.44 . bith nar uo romhaith fuair in giustiss in basugadh sin re a denomh (= though the justice had no very plausible pretext for that execution), Fl. Earls 60.5 . Cf. bíodh a dheimhin aguibh do nós choguidh na hErenn gur go maith do fuarus misi rem ghabháil `that I esteemed myself to be well off in that I was taken captive' O'Gr. Cat. 57 .

(g) With expressions of time gets = spends, lives (through): dogheibhdís na daoine ré ḟada fán am soin used to live long Keat. ii 234 . ben fuair an saoghal go sona who had spent her life happily AFM v 1692.4 . In the type: Fergal fuair raithi co rath; ... nocon fuair acht oenbliadain, Rawl. 164a41 = Arch. Hib. ii 85 ( LL 185a37 ). the notion is of a period of kingship etc. and it belongs rather to (c).

(h) invents, devises: in sluag dolbtha frith ... la Fotlai BB 377a6 (= RC xv 446 ). conidh edh airecc fuairset, cuibhrighi do chur fair, BNnÉ 296 § 30 . gibé freagra fuaras daoibh, Content. ix 24 .

(i) With I N- and refl. pron. `finds in oneself,' dares, presumes (late): cionnas do gheibhim ionnam féin dul ... ? Luc. Fid. 71. 18 . ní fhuair duine ... ann féin aifrionn ... do rádh, Mac Aingil 113. 18 (= neque aliquis ... missas facere ... praesumebat Beda v 14 ). go bhfuaradar ... ionnta féin éirghe amach i n-aghaidh a dtighearna, Maguires of F. § 25 .

In: nach misi rodusfuighbhe ... duib ī, ZCP viii 547.2 (= ni mé adféta dúib, TBC-LL¹ 1764 ). nach badh eisin radus fuighbhedh duibh ī ib. ZCP viii 547.15 (= dosféta, TBC-LL¹ 1773 ), the modern redactor has replaced adféta by a form beginning with f which gives approximate sense: will find (the information) for you. The sense imparts, communicates is not supported by other examples.

v ā The older form seems to be fastaid (astaid < ad-suid- by metathesis), probably associated with root sō- `turn,' whence the long vowel ō (ā, ū) occasionally found in second syll. and in vn. fastód; the form fostaid may be due to association with fossad, fossta, etc., cf. also costud, which is apparently vn. of con-suidi. pres. 3 s. fostaid LL 67b8 ; fastaid, ib. 9 . fastoid, LU 2109 ( FA 17 = astaid LB); nos fastand , LU 2114 ( FA 18 = -astand LB). ipv. 2 s. fostá, LL 101a42 . subj. pres. 2 s. dia fastō , BB 456b22 ( Aen. 702 ). fut. 3 s. -fostba, LU 5871 ( TBC-I¹ 1403 ). nom-fostfa-sa RC xiv 38 § 35 . pret. 3 s. ro-fost, LU 350 . nas fast , LL 203b34 . ro dn-ast , TTr.² 1143 . rofasta (v.l. ro fasto ro fosdadh, -aidh), Metr. Dinds. iii 44.68 (if not intended for rofastad but cf. the forms cited in VSR 712 ff ) diar fosta , ZCP iii 24.16 ( Rawl. 80b36 ). Pass. pres. pl. fastaitir, FB 62 . perf. sg. rofastad, TTr.² 1143 . do fastódh , Keat. iii 2618 (for form cf. do hadódh , IGT III ex. 529 ). For vn. see fostad and fastod.

(a) stops, detains, retains: ra ḟost F. ace é ic irnaide TBC-LL¹ 6134 . co ro fost Colum Cille ... na filedu, LU 350 . gur rofhost C. ... seacht mbliadhna iad, Keat. iii 1258 (cf. (b) below). ni fosdadh aon fhocal he never retained (remembered) a word BNnÉ 178.10 . is ann fastaitís in ngréin | co cend noí mís, Metr. Dinds. iii 36 . no fostatis an firm[i]mint da rit[h], CCath. 3919 . fostaid ocht n-eono dib brings to a standstill TBC-LL¹ 1335 = ( co mbí ..., LU 5175 , where it is clearly shown that the birds were taken alive). is fuigli ... filed fostas ┐ imfuirges iat gan bar n-innsaigid that restrain ... them from attacking you YBL 306b9 ( MR 194 ). ríg ┐ naím Hérend ... iat rothennḟastsat cach cath who strictly checked Metr. Dinds. iii 12 . tōraigechd ... dar fostad mōrān don creich `was recovered' Ann. Conn. 1340 § 4 .

Cf. do fastódh i dTeamhraigh é (viz. Feidhlimidh mac Criomhthainn), Keat. iii 2618 (the corresp. account Ann. Inisf. 840 (14e) has: a chostud i Temraich; AU has conid-deisidh ).

(b) retains (in service), engages (In this sense possibly influenced by ON festa. Cf. O'Donovan's remarks U.J.A. vi 60 ): ros fost (sic MS) fri ré theora mios, Hugh Roe 96.5 (f. 25b) . rosfostsat [sic MS.] ina n-oentaid kept him with them The Ó Clēirigh Family, P. Walsh (1938) 30 (= Hy Fiach. 76 ). ag so mar ḟostus O Neill buannadha `this is the ... manner of O'Neyle his interteyning of Bwonaghs' O'Neill's proclamation 1601 ( Gilbert Facs. Vol. iv i pl. xxx ; U.J.A. vi 1858, 60 ). don druing úd [do fostad] `they that were hired,' Matthew xx 9 . ? ní báoi comas biadhta léo an aghaidh sin, go ro fhosd Ciaran fria sásadh doibh `C. remained to satisfy them' BNnÉ 108.12 . The Lat. ( V. SS. Hib. i 125 ) has nothing to correspond.

(c) keeps, holds to, observes (?): tiomna Néill nachar fosdadh `N.'s testament was not observed' (`was no hindrance ?' note) Content. v 148 .

(d) intrans. remains stationary, stays (?): diar fosta grian, ZCP iii 24.16 ( Rawl. 80b36 ).

n f.¤ furthuin forthuin, IGT, Decl. § 42 p.96 . furrthain forrthain (cóir gu gearr leis íad) § 149 . A sufficient amount, enough: f.¤ .i. sásadh , O'Cl. Folld. by partitive gen.: furrthain dam is each is bo, ZCP viii 229 § 30 . go mbíodh furthainn sluagh aige ré dul ... that he might have an army large enough to go ... Keat. ii 5161 . With gen. of person enough (for): ata bhar furrthain indti uile there is enough in it for all of you BB 38az = bar bfurthain, Leb. Gab.(i) i 244 . bidh daethain luchta T. ... do lacht na ... mbó. tic a f.¤ d'edach d'olaind na ... caerach, IT iii 197.7 . ní raibhe fuirthinn na ndeoradh ... ann enough for the strangers BNnÉ 163.16 . furtain cēt a cuid prainne, BB 393b33 (furthain, v.l. forthain, Metr. Dinds. iv 26 ). do-gébha ... a tennḟurrthain do tafand more than enough of hunting IGT, Decl. ex. 1977 . ro ḟáccaibh a ffurtain do bhiúdh ... aca AFM v 1496.9 .

With gen. of thing a sufficient (corresponding) amount, a complement: tri bairgena ... cona bhfurrthain ... d'feoil leo, Lism. L. 4179 . cóirighthear tríochad long leis is do chuir a bhforthainn laochruidhe ionnta, Keat. ii 640 . seacht bhfichid bó ... go n-a bhforthainn groidhe with a corresponding number of horses Lism. L. 4687 (cf. forthan groidhe `stud of horses' O'R.). co ffurthain na mine d'im with enough butter for the meal AFM v 1554.12 .

n n, n.; later m., IGT Decl. § 41.

I grasp, authority, sway, power: intí cretfes ní ágathar á ngreim, Wb. 1a3 . air danimmart greim á aite `for the authority of his tutors restrained him,' Ml. 14b14 . in gremmae .i. regni (gl. sceptri), ib. 110d3 . hon gremmaim srithiu (gl. exserto vigore), ib. 31c18 . rop fortrén mo greim cach crīch ar bam cend, PRIA iii 550 § 35 . o rogabais flaithius ata ag imgabail do ghrema, Anecd. ii 9.24 . du tabairt greamma forsna Gaillu `to exercise power over,' AU i 356.11 (an. 848). rogénair rogabus gre[i]m I held sway, Ériu iv 158.16 . rotbia lim greim Dé fodéin, | rotbia m'ordan, SR 3361 . cen garbgreim fria chomaithcib, ib. 6286 . facbaid dá mac, maith a ṅgraim, ib. 3687 . mó a gréim ┐ a gerait ┐ a chumachta oldás cach rig, Thr. Ir. Gl. p. 30 (sub Muma) . nír' léic greim Conairi doib a cor in Here `C.'s power let them not perform it ...,' BDD § 168 append. ( RC xxii 403.5 ). nistimsaich greim riaglad do beith gen ní `the rigor of the rule does not bind them ...,' Mon. Tall. 145.5 . airdeclais asa rucad greim riagla ┐ ecna ┐ forcetuil do uilib ecalsaibh na hEirenn, Lism. L. 3958 . bid do c[h]ellaib elib greim a manach `sway over their monks...,' BColm. 62.20 . greim catha a vigorous attack: berid grem catha chuci ... tarsin náth, TBC-I¹ 61 n. 7 . ba bág ám dait-siu, ga dobertha do greimm catha gan díchill lind i(n)diu, TBC-LL¹ 5943 . tindscan greim do chatha, Fél. Nov. 15.

II seizure, hold, grasp (in literal sense): becc a greim hi talmain, Cáin Ad. § 13 . Of the steps of the celestial ladder: a dō dīb, goiridi a greim, ACL iii 237 § 22 . dúr a graimm stern his grip, Metr. Dinds. iii 90.31 . gér líonmhur láoich Leithe Cuinn, | ní bhfuil ní ar nar ghabh gréim `there is nothing he did not win,' KMMisc. 362.14 . intan ghabhaid a chosa ┐ a lámha greidhm (sic leg.) ar an droichet, RC xxix 120.20 . ni roachtas greim fair corrócht a theg he was not captured ..., Ériu iii 136.14 . cach aen díb téged dia greim nó dia marbad to apprehend him or to kill him, BColm. 96.1 . Of a boar: gabuis greim dá ghairbfinnfad, Fianaig. 66.16 . a ellteóg ... fuarus-[s]a do ghreim `I was able to catch thee,' BS 68.18 . ní ro ghabhsat greim nó gabháil dua Ruairc `they were not able to seize or arrest O'R.,' AFM v 1872.2 . Of the Norsemen: níor ghabhadar greim d'Éirinn acht ge do rinneadar buaidhreamh orra, Keat. iii 2448 . féach mar do ghabhadar na Gothi greim don Eadáile, TSh. 9764 . tig Conall ... ar a lorg gur chuir fá ghreim ag Áth Ceit é Keat. ii 3193 . cles na bfagbhaitt Gaeidhil greim, | comrac aeinfir ind Erinn, Leb. Gab.(i) i 40.7 . go gcuireann an bás fá ghreim fá dhéoigh é, TSh. 2407 . ionnus nach géabhad gaoth na glóire diomhaoine greim d'arthrach na hanma, ib. 878 .

III bond, obligation, duty, service: inna gremman (gl. pacta), Ml. 128d4 . co tarta rātha ┐ gremand fris securities and bonds, Cáin Ad. § 22 . flaith na oigi .i. na comallann ... a gremaim do neoch tairngireas se, Laws v 358.14 Comm. Of a wife: mad comlanaigid a greim co dlightheach isin lanamnus, ib. ii 382.23 Comm. Of children: ma dia comoiget moamugad no greim na gaire, ib. v 482.7 Comm. greim ceilsine tenancy service, ib. ii 320.16 Comm. no go rainic lár an glenda, | mara nderna grema a uird, BNnÉ 139.28 .

IIIa place of authority; royal seat (?): is ann robói a shosad ┐ a greim rígda i Temraig, Lat. Lives 2.3 . sosad ┐ greim rigdae rí Muman 'the dwelling and royal seat of the king of Munster' ZCP xxxvi 71 .

IV Profit, use, advantage: is maith gréimm ar n-deich n-uingi fichet d'ór dóib, Mer. Uil. 203 . is olc gréimm m'fhoglamma dam, ib. 242 . `rochreit' arsé `mo bráthair daitsiu' ní géba greimm na torba ... dóu, Trip.² 1159 . caidhe do greim damh abhus, | do chairdis, do chomfhogus, ZCP vii 302.4 . nír gním gremma (cheville), RC xxiii 314.1 . ni frith greim arna secht laegaibh sin (do cuadar na ba ar neimníd v.l.), BNnÉ 115.6 . greim comhfhocuil gach ní dhíobh, ┐ ní hionann íad 's an comhfhocal they have the force of a compound (?), IGT Introd. 25.26 (§ 101) . bid grema an gnāthugud `the practice will be profitable,' ZCP viii 215.14 . as he sein in sasadh slemun | asa mbeir Demun duibghréim `gets a dark profit,' RC xii 340 § 31 . gaibid greim (do, de) profits, avails, takes effect, has the force of: `ised tancamar da ḟis dús in ros gab greim (sic leg.) inní ro herbad duit,' IT i 40.26 . ni gabhoid airm naid iolfhaobhair greim de, ZCP x 280.32 . sochaide ... dia ro-gab gréim in dearcc do dénum `many to whom it was profitable to give charity,' PH 5881 . cid no-gebed greim n-imdibe tall do na mnaib? `what would take the place of circumcision ...,' ib. 5716 . gach fodail do gnither a n-uaim Martain co n-geb greim i Toirinis Martain `it takes effect in T.M.,' Todd Nenn. 212.13 . gebidh a cæin nduthracht greim n-ailitre dhoibh icon Coimdhi, Lism. L. 718 . huath ... is ed fhuilleas b co ngeib greim p `h' increases `b' so that it is equivalent to `p'), Auraic. 432 . ri hadart tend tricc | nī gabat greím grip guip gai (of a shield) `on its ... face the quick beaks of spears do not take a hold,' PRIA iii 540 § 5 . Of a chief who receives stolen food: ma ro caith gebid greim aithgina do `it has the force of restitution for him,' Laws ii 234.17 Comm. dul for n-greim n-aithgina incurring the liability of restoration, ib. 2.24 Comm. geibaid greim fira in cumal the cumhal is equivalent to a proof, ib. v 454.x Comm. nocha gaband greim ime dib none of these fences has a claim (i.e. for damages), ib. iv 74.6 Comm. ro gabh gre[i]m tra in gresacht sin ... dobert Curio for Césair `it took effect ...,' CCath. 567 . ro gabh greim tra an greasacht sin do bert Domhnall for a mhuintir, AFM v 1670.14 . ní ghabhadh leigheas ar bith greim don othar, Keat. ii 1733 . mar do chonnairc Conchubhar nar ghabh cluiche ná caoineas greim dhi `had any effect on her,' ib. 3036 . gan codladh do ghabháil ghreama dhe, TSh. 10733 . ? mac righ Breatan tainic co hairm i mbui in ben, coro innail si dho ┐ roghabh greim eisdi `he received entertainment from her (?),' Lism. L. 53.

V a bite; a bit, a morsel: doboin ... feoil ┐ croicind na malac cle do greim, ZCP vi 286.7 . do bud grimm dásachtach dhamh | tarmmuirt ā ṡúil mo thachtadh, Anecd. i 36 § 92 . gach greimh da ngerrfadaois 'ga chur docum a mbél, BNnÉ 89 § 188 . imda badb sa greim na gulbain, IGT Decl. ex. 255 . benaid semanna ... gremanna a táobh each fá for, ex. 1142 . haec buccella srubán mara no greim, Ir. Gl. 144 . cōica rí[g] nocha gréim bec, | ised dotríacht, a reilec `no small portion,' Ériu ii 168.75 . doghabh ... ag ithe an bhídh ... go hairceasach, go dtarla greim 'n-a bhrághaid lér tachtadh é, Keat. iii 605 . ... an greim urchóideach ... úd d'ubhall na haithne, TSh. 2434 . ar slogad an ghreama dhó, ib. 2435 . giodh bé arbioth duine thuitfeas ar an gcloich úd do dentar greamanna dhe, Luke xx 18 . greim ná blogam ní shloigin trí tráithe, ZCP v 212.294 . greamana dh'ubhala, ib. 213.340 .

VI a stitch, a sudden pain: greamanna na nglún ocus na mudornn, O'Gr. Cat. 269.3 . greamanna daor-bháis, ITS iii 186.102 .

n o, m. (perh. orig. o, n. See Críth G. s.v. folog ). vn. of imm-foilngi.

(a) the act of causing, effecting, accomplishing ; cause: imfolang nach gnima `the effecting of any deed,' Ml. 80d2 . dind imfolung, gl. de effectu, Ml. 24c17 . oc immfolung ind óir promthi `making proved gold,' 38d18 . do immofoluṅg déesse duitsiu, Acr. 6c3 ( Thes. ii 3.29 ). ma dogabthar chetamus a fít is imfolang galir són `if a man's allowance be suddenly diminished, that will cause sickness,' Mon. Tall. 152.8 . fodáilter dona tuathaib fri himfhulang n-ícce, PH 6358. tria imfhulang in aicnid spirutalda `per effectum spiritualis potentiae,' 6747 .

Here seems to mean effect: imfolang a chomairle son `the effect of his council,' Ml. 30d22a .

(b) the act of sustaining, supporting ; means of support : fri imfolang ar mbethad `to support our life,' Ml. 20d5 . batir banbrugaid son ┐ batar maithi do imfulung na fían, Corm. Y 1018 ( Anecd. iv 87.12 ). ata lanamuin i tuaith dlegtai a notrus .i. a nimfulung, Ériu xii 10 § 9. d'imfulang a mathar ocus a n-athar, Laws i 138.18 Comm. imfulang na cetmuintire fri re tri mbliadan, 232.22 . (gl. folach cetmuintire, 230.24 ). nocha nindlightuch do ma cunic a imfulung (of receiving a large supply of stock), ii 226.9 Comm. atait secht n-imfuiling, no sechta imfuilingter isin tuaith ┐ is doilig a n-imfulang `seven cases of maintenance,' v 312.6 Comm. bo bis ac imḟulang a cisa do fhlaith no do eclais `a cow which pays (viz., serves as payment of) his rent to the chief,' 260.12 Comm. do gebhdis a sasadh do ghrés gan saothar ndaonna aga niomḟulang, Mart. Don. 102.16 . ic a nertad ┐ ic a n-imfhulang co riachtatar sruth nEordanen, LB 123b39 . go ndarubdatar féithe do chride ... connach fail féith itir ic a immuluṅg, TBC-LL¹ 4387. is e connic ind uli dúl aicside ┐ nemaicside do airitin ┐ do imfulang, Alex. 451. a n-imfhulang ┐ a gcongbāil suass a mbethaidh ┐ a n-edaigib, Fl. Earls 180.18 . go ffuil a uile riachtanuss ┐ imfulang ann badhdēin `all its necessaries and support are supplied by itself,' 182.7 . diarraidh ... choblaigh go n-iomfhulancc lóin ┐ ordanais móir do chor co hErinn, AFM v 1728.x .

Gen. used attributively, enduring, strong: da tharb ... ua chuing adbail imfhulaing , TTebe 212 . co slabradaib ailli ordaib imfulaing eistib, 465 . tre eirr imchail imfhulaing ... chath-sceith, MR 266.9 .

(c) the act of permitting, allowing: is socar duna tuathaib imḟulung na ndaine co cintaibh accu tall isin tuaith `to suffer the people with crimes among them in the territory,' Laws v 30.3 Comm.

(d) the act of carrying, removing: cethrar aca imfhulong `four carrying him,' Ir. Review 1912, 250 § 12 . masa cunntubairteach bāis an t-othair nocha ndleagar a imfhulaing co haithle na naomaighi, O'Curry 305 (< H 3.18, p. 167 ). baegal a imulung ria noemaid manar foccail liaig, O'D. 1666 (< H 5.15, p.24b ).

n o, m., (dim. of monar) occupation, pastime: sásadh saicchim-si, | suairc an m.¤, | deoch don uisgi-si, BS 94.18 ; transld. ` bog-berry ', cf. mónarán ` bog-berry ', O'R. Poems ; mónarán (variant form of mónadán bog-berry ), Dinneen .

n also nassad (form in SR); in poetry freq. rhymes with sásad. Neut. gender? eclipses follg. initial in ns. in chevilles (but: nassad glan, SR 8141 ; nassaid gle, 4315 ). Poss. from nascid, ZCP xxxi 13 n. 18 .

A word of doubtful meaning, apparently a gathering or assembly of a festive or commemorative nature (esp. a periodically recurring one), and by extension the place where such is held: nasad Loga maic Ethlend .i. aonach no ferta lais . . . in gach bliadhain im thoidecht Lugnasad. Cluiche no aonach, is dō is ainm nasad, Corm. Y 796 = násad, Corm. p. 26. nasadh .i. cuimniughadh ut est Lughnasa .i. nasadh Logha mic Eithninn, H 3.18 p. 534 ( O'Curry 1282 ). Lughnasa .i. násadh nó cuimhniughadh Logha, Keat. ii 3859. nasadh .i. áonach; nasadh .i. gnathughadh nó clú `custom or fame', O'Cl. nasadh .i. gnathugud ut est: nasad Beoán Mellan .i. nó sasadh ut est: sceo nemnasad, O'Dav. 1292 ; the former quotation is from Fél. Oct. 26 : Nassad Beóán Mellán = nassad Beoain, LB (with gloss nasad .i. gnathugud, Fél.² cliii ); Nassan, Laud; the Comm. p. 226 gives Nassan as name of a saint, and Stokes takes Nassad in that sense; the gloss in H. 3.18 gives: nassad .i. gnathugud no násad .i. clú, Thr. Ir. Gl. 137 ; perh. the commemoration of B. and M. nassad sīde siráidde (= sír-óite), SR 8369 (description of Heaven). nasad noibrainne (of Heaven), Bruchst. i § 108 . a nasadh na n-aingel n-ān, ZCP x 47.21 . óenach Talten . . . ba hed násad Loga, Metr. Dinds. iii 50.41 . Temair indiu cid fásach, | baí ré ba násad niad place of assembly, i 28.8 . Femen . . . ro boí nech diarbo nasad, iii 200.2 . násad inna túad (of Ráth Airthir), Trip. 70.21 . ? gabais Nuadu nassad n-iath, Ält. Ir. Dicht. i 29 § 26 = gabais N. nassad iath | sail (? fail) find, Rawl. 116a51 (leg. n.¤ niath Fáil the gathering-place of the warriors of fair Fál? but perh. a cheville). ? násad fír na ndúla de [= Dé?] | iss ed ro marb Loegaire, LU 9814 (of the fall of Loegaire m. Néill Noígiallaig; by Stokes, Trip. 566.28 , rendered `the true sanction of God's elements', cf. RC vi 165.31 ) = nassa fir na ndula de | ba de arbath Lægaire, ZCP viii 118 § 25. ? in fail anaill násad n-án?, TFerbe 797 (`giebt es eine andere glänzende Zusammenkunft?' Windisch).

Common in chevilles: rodṁbia nem, nassad ṅdangen, SR 811 , cf. 4175 , 1093 , 2537 , 2731 . atat fo néim, nassad ṅgle, 467 , cf. 4315 . ocus Nóe nassad ṅdil, 2242 , cf. 2587 , 4931 . Prob. used as cheville in follg. exx.: comsid na náem násad n-ān, LU 3041. násad dín `his fame was a shelter', Metr. Dinds. ii 38.43 (leg. n.¤ nin? see Glossary). lúadim Loch Néil, násad nglé place of assembly, iii 404.1 . násad gúr, TFerbe 837 .

As adj.? nasadh .i. oirdheirc, O'Cl.

n f. (Lat. prandium, prob. influenced by British, Thurn. Hdb. § 148 ) also praind (prainn). n s. proind, Wb. 9b23 . ind praind , Mon. Tall. 58 . d s. re proinn , Wb. 28c20 . g s. -proinde, Wb. 19a10 . ind prainde , Mon. Tall. 89 . praindea, 52 . praindo, 58 . g p. na pronn , Wb. 31b23 .

A meal, refection, generally of the chief meal of the day, but also in wider sense; occas. of the act of eating a meal. prainn a prandio , Corm. Y 1058 = proind, LB. proind less hi taig, gl. cum huiusmodi cibum . . . sumere, Wb. 9b23 . coro thormala a proind i n-aimsir thechta dó, PH 4187 . proinn aige da gach aoidhidh, ZCP viii 109 § 4 . atlaiged a praind let him return thanks for his dinner, vii 311.1 . bennachad prainne, LL 371c32 (rule for religious). ord prainni (in a monastery), ZCP xiii 27.20a . codlad do neuch oc praind at meal-time, Mon. Tall. 89 . ó mbátar ic próind, PH 5035 . praind cét de biud ┐ de lind a meal sufficient for a hundred, LL 263a43 = MU 12.10 . proinn céit do biudh, Lism. L. 2953 . Cf. praind .c. do cach fir díb cach n-aidche, LU 8760 ( FB 56 ), where Windisch expands: praind cetna , IT i 282.15 . ro soich co praind ┐ co tomaltus dóib, FB 72 (a stereotyped combination). ro caithed praind ┐ tomaltus leo, CRR 24 . Cf. TBC-LL¹ 629 , 806 . scaich doib-sium praind ┐ tomailt, 421 . dobeir proinn ┐ tomhaltus doibh, Fl. Earls 90.11 . praind fir opra a labourer's dinner, O'Mulc. 16 . proinn lai refection for the day, Lism. L. 2734 . ic tocaithem a prainne laithidhe, CCath. 5194 . oenproind on trath co araili a single meal in the day, Lism. L. 146 . i mbiadaib ┐ i praindib na fírén, LB 234b10 . do fhágaibh tú do phroinn (= prandium tuum), TSh. 5630 . sásadh pronn ag pobal mór, Hackett xlii 50 (proinn v.l.).

Fig. of sacrament: tēd do proinn glain .i. corp Crist, Laws v 22.17 Comm. See proindtech.

adv. disyll. in older verse, see Fél. Prol. 52 and LL 128b4 below. Orig. 3 s. n. pronom. form of prep. ré, ría, before `it'.

(a) before (the time spoken of), previously (= Lat. antea): cf. mane failid iarsindí ba mane moch riam [ the Latin] `mane' means `gladsome' after it was `mane' `early' before , Ml. 21c3 . riamh .i. roimhe sin, O'Cl. fodamtis . . . már do ríagaib ríäm before (i.e. in their lifetime), Fél. Prol. 52 . denam seillne ind domnuch ní cóir laisim acht a ndenam ríam but that it should be done beforehand , Mon. Tall. § 49 . neich imarobanadh ariamh rus of anyone whose face has ever been made pale , Ériu xiii 15.9 ( O'Dav. 1336 ). dús in fillfet doridisi, amal doronsat riam, PH 2637 . do thircan Colmán an ccédna ┐ ro thairngir Colum C. fecht riamh some time previously , BNnÉ 293 § 13 . Often accompanied by a pronom. form of ré n- (esp. in TBC). in mórshochraiti . . . nā dechais riam reimi a macsamla, LL 234b19 ( TTr. 1306 ). an adaig sin riam reme, TBC-LL¹ 2710 . Used in connexion with iarum: combed tuaslucud . . . ar na tri soldomnaib, cenibed iarum nā riam even if it were not after or before , Mon. Tall. § 6 . is comtig ara [leg. arná] fagbaitis fir hErend ríam no iarum aidchi . . ., TBC-LL¹ 807 (= as deimin nách bfuaratar . . . riemh, St.). cidit maith frim riam ┐ iaram though thou art good to me at all times , LL 278b47 . Columb canma [= canme] gu dáil n-écca íarum ríaamh whom we sing of continually till death , ZCP viii 198 § 21 .

(b) passing into sense at any time before (previously) = Lat. unquam, Eng. ever; esp. in neg., interrog. or indef. sentence or after a superl. or cét `first'. ni raba-sa riam can fer ar scáth araile ocum I was never without some paramour , TBC-LL¹ 41 . inti nar ér oenduine ríam, ZCP viii 111.14 . ni rón-omnaig rí riäm no king ever made him afraid , LL 128b4 ( MacCarthy 176 § 1 = riaam, BB). ni derna nach col riam, PH 311 . gach paiter dar gabus riam, 7339 . ingen iss caími atconcatar súili daíni riam, IT i 120.10 . in t-aenmac ríg is fearr taruill úir Érenn riam, ZCP viii 111.12 . cét-liaigh ro bui ind Eirinn ar tús ríam, 105.16 . an uile phian dar fhulaing duine riamh, TSh. 4000 . céid-fhearann do cheannuigh sé riamh, 161 . an ccúaladar dáoine ríamh guth Dé?, Deuteronomy iv 33 .

(c) ever, at all times = Lat. semper; late use, but already anticipated in : ra gonad B. and ┐ ba bacach riam iarsain hé was lame ever after , LL 310b15 ( Cog. 232.22 ). sasadh . . . failte . . . dligidh riamh gach ro-ollomh every great ollave is entitled at all times to . . ., ZCP viii 109 § 4 . nách óige an mac iná an t-athair, ór atá an mac ann riamh the Son always exists , Ó Héodhusa 24.4 . mar do bhí sé féin riamh mar aon ris an Athair, TSh. 10974 .

n ā, f. = sádaile. IGT Abstr. Nouns 121 : sonus sama sadailecht, Ériu viii 69.60 , cf. sonas sáimhe sádhaileacht, Content. vi 165 . coe granna . . . | cen cennsa, cen sadailecht (of Hell), SR 8303 . a haithle a sídha ┐ a sádháilechta fada, CCath. 586 . sásadh ┐ sadháileacht dobheir an chliar nua dá ccorpuibh, Mac Aingil 369.13 .