adj (ad + rúad). lit. very red; very strong, formidable . Of persons: co Abram n-amra n-adruad (: sluag), SR 2298 . . . . int sluaig / Amalech aurdairc adrúaid, 4082 . sé cathracha . . . / clainni Israhéil adruaid, 5196 , 5782 . ruire a.¤ Almaine, Ériu xvii 42 § 28 . Of a place: i cráesluch Iffirn adruaid, SR 954 . i n-Emain adrúaid (armruaid, v.l.), TBC-LL¹ 2322 . iar sind Affraic áin adruaid, Rawl. 78a49 .

n (duibe) great blackness: slúaig demna co n-erduibi, ZCP iii 34.10 .

n io, m. oire, ere m. IGT Decl. § 2 . load, burden: bad hé for n-ere gl. portate, Wb. 9d12 . tuárgabad fornn a.¤ fochide, 14b22 . cuirid díib in n-ere-se uitiorum , 27b11 . la sodain focheírt in n-a.¤ dó, LU 4936 ( TBC-I¹ 451 ). gan eiri for daumh na heuch na duine, Anecd. iii 21.7 . a.¤ ruanada a champion's burden (i.e. as much as the strongest man can carry), Laws iii 422.1 , v 262.2 , .27 Comm. amhuil a.¤ for ech, iv 58.22 Comm. ere in nónbuir . . . di ór ┐ argutt i.e. as much as nine could carry, Trip.² 285 . a.¤ secht n-ech, LL 286b37 . ere .xx. cuinge do damaib, LU 9190 ( FB § 91 ). at chíat na heriu trommu, LU 1761 . tucad a.¤ feóin leis do threlam gascid, TBC-LL¹ 2092 . úir Pettair ┐ P. . . . bērthair sin . . . ina herib co hEirind, BColm. 80.8 . ferr a.¤ īarraid, Anecd. iii 19.16 . oc breith ind eire dar sreith slige, Metr. Dinds. iv 102.31 . rotairntea a n-aireda dona damradaib, RC xiii 90 § 110 . rīasiu thīsad na slūaig cona n-eireadaib, Ériu ii 22 § 5 . atconnairc na manchu occ ruamhar ┐ araill dibh go ttiaghaibh ┐ oiredhaibh forra, BNnÉ 297.1 . xx each fana n-eredhaibh bídh, Fier. 149 . cona ethur fo a.¤ / fo trethun ín tṡáeb-chaire, Metr. Dinds. iv 84.3 . ní taghthar i dteach Mhuire / neach nach anfadh fá eire `who will not bear his own burden', Dán Dé vii 29 . Fig. co ructha dīb in t-a.¤ trom bói forro .i. ind ḟingal, ZCP viii 318.14 . gur hiomchradh lé oire an fhir i.e. the man's work was accomplished by Mary, PBocht 13.33 .

vn. of ar-foichlea. Earlier erfoichell, aurfochill, etc., and in later lang. oirchill, q.v. uirchill oirchill f., IGT Decl. § 13 . uirichill, oirichill f., § 50. Verbs § 54 , § 65 . d’oirichil (: feithimh), Sages, Saints and Storytellers 35 § 6 .

(a) As vn. act of preparing for, providing for, making (oneself) ready for: berrthar cach . . . oc aurfochill (a.¤, v.l.) a c[h]osmatu isin chāisc in preparation for, Corm. Y 296 . oc erochill lathi brátha against the Day of Judgement, LU 2285 ( FA 34 ). coimétaid in cáisc . . . d'iarmoracht ┐ d'a.¤ cecha bliadna, LB 123a26 . ba hecen in tsochaide mór do a.¤ `it was needful to provide for the great multitude', Ériu iv 26 § 14 . oc a.¤ in chomraic, Alex. 724 . Note also: ni reilced ríam i n-eislind .i. do a.¤ maic ind ríg to guard the king's son, Ériu iv 24 § 11 ( LL 12471 ). Cf. airchill .i.e. coimhéad, O'R. Poems

(b)n preparation, provision, readiness , etc.: in n-erfoichell (.i-, facs.) gl. procurationem, Ml. 73d2 . cía ha.¤ tucad forru what preparation had been made for them, MU² 797 . secht m-bliadna nobidh airicill ar Feis na Temrach, IT iii 198 § 55 . Of preparation for battle: o roindlid airicill an catha amlaid sin, RC xii 82 § 83 . munab cumachtach sibh . . . ar urfoichill catha do cor co crib, Leb. Gab.(i) 254 n. 4 . do taet for cind P. ┐ dobert aurcill for sin conair i tanic P. laid an ambush, BB 428b34 . Appar. battle, attack etc. in: ba comnart in chombág ┐ ba h-ellam in n-a.¤ , LL 239b11 ( TTr. 1683 ). trísin a.¤ acgairb . . . darat cách díb ar a cheíle, 244a9 ( 2024 ). ba hemech in uraicill sin, Ériu viii 36.5 . Various: immad biid ┐ oirichille provisions, LB 116a31 . bur n-orchill air neamh `the hope (ἐλπίδα) laid up for you in heaven', Colossians i 5 .

Gramm.: fer a ainmniugud . . . ar fear a airicheall `defensive' case, Auraic. 1518 . Meaning not clear in terms a.¤ (airchell v.l.) calaid, a.¤ fuit, see Auraic. Index (airchell) and Thurn., ZCP xvii 293 .

(c) In phrases with prepp. do a.¤ ┐ do airitin for in coblach Persecda to be ready to attack, Alex. 329 . d'oirchill ar C. do marbhadh, Keat. ii 3125 . Note also: dreimire óir do bheith ina ecclais do airicill na nanmand naemh trit docum nimhe `awaiting the holy souls', BNnÉ 21.6 . d'a.¤ lae an Luanbhrátha, Dán Dé xxiv 1 . slabraid . . . ra ha.¤ chengail for the purpose of binding, MU² 814 . do (= da) dilluit lais, a lunae cach dia araile in[a?] airicill in readiness for him, Laws ii 146.9 . dogensa fled . . . i n-accil ┐ i n-a.¤ Conchobuir, CRR 14 § 9 . dirmada . . . na marcach T. robai i n-airchill sluaig . . . annsin, BB 490b14 . faguim a ffuil róm don lethtaoibh si 'na n-orcill I leave the following halfpage blank for them, CS 124 n.2 . d'amhsoibh ro bhattar in urfhaichill coccaidh do ghaoidhealaibh, AFM vi 2000.7 . for a comdha ┐ ina urfhoichill, Leb. Gab.(i) 226.9 . a noirchill secht mbliadan na gorta, Gen. xli 36 . tiaghaitt aisin co Sliabh B. ┐ rogabhad (sic) fir Locha hErne na n-urfoichill on the look-out for them (i.e. prepared for their attack), ZCP xiv 259.13 . i n-urfhaichill for a chele `in readiness for each other', AFM vi 2212.7 . mogenar bias 'na aircill who will be expecting him(?) (`in his keeping', Stokes), Lism. L. 1839 .

o vn. of ar-slig act of hewing down (in battle, etc.), slaughter: ic slaidi ┐ ic slechtad ┐ ic a.¤ ┐ ic esorcain cethri n-ollchóiced nÉ., LU 6340 (TBC). mnāu do hsōerad . . . ar guin, ar erlech, Cáin Ad. 6 . mesrad Machae .i. cendae doine iarna n-a.¤ , O'Mulc. 813 . súanemain a n-airlig ar a mbraigti, LU 7655 `the ropes of their slaughter', BDD 122 (see note p. 295 ). glicci ind airlig dobéra forond, LU 8620 ( FB § 46 ). bat imda a n-airlig they will suffer many slayings, ZCP viii 110 § 1 . atchít budin . . . d'iarraid Crist dia oirlech, LB 141a45 . forḟopair iarsain ar erlech int-ṡlúaig imme, TFerbe 425 . é ag oirleach orra . . . ┐ agá sloidhe, TSh. 111 . i láthair an éirligh `where the destruction was wrought', O'Rah. 112 § 33 . co tuc cend Mani . . . co n-a shecht fichtib a.¤ wounds(?), TFerbe 862 . Of slaughtering cattle: ar n-orlech a bo fein, Ann. Conn. 1315.13 . bla iarand a.¤ .i. slan don ti berius in tiarunn d'a.¤ na marti, Laws iii 286.5 Comm. crod . . . ┐ bīad do a.¤ to plunder, ZCP iii 38.27 .

ind Melchisidech, saigtis slúaig / a.¤ in cach glanbuaid, SR 2278 .

n o, n. badness, iniquity; `worthlessness', GOI p. 544 . The meaning ardor, furor , Ascoli xxxix may be based on O'Dav. 71 cited below. Cf. LEIA annach .i. an-dag non dagh [.i.] non bonum , Corm. Y 91 . annag .i. non bonum , O'Mulc. 47 . a.¤ .i. ferg, ut est: na mórsleibe annaig (= na mórṡlébe andaig, Fél. Prol. 237 ). Nó annach .i. olc, ut est arsceith scél a annaigh / demain dama[i]r indel (= la sceith scél a annaigh (annaich, andaich v.l.), Fél. Feb. 16 .i. a ulcu, Fél.² xlv gl. 16 (3) ), O'Dav. 71 . a.¤ .i. fearg a.¤ .i. olc. andagh .i. olc no peacadh, O'Cl. reil foram brethir on ána.¤ immerordaisset, Ml. 90d16 . artroidfeasiu inna drochdaini a dǽ diananduch airis fechtnach an a.¤ mani erthroitar hua dia gl. ligabis, si quidem est felix malitia, 134d3 . ind andaig comerchloithi .i. . . . mor á n-a.¤ durigensat fris gl. coactæ malitiæ , 80b4 . indandig, 31a15 . coig anmand cinath . . . conlat ar andug, O'Mulc. 456 . sóifid annach i corraib bachall .i. i n-aes graid, RC xxvi 40 § 216 ( LL 188b 58 ). ni raib miscais . . . nā ēilned nā annach, ZCP vi 259 § 6 . no-s-marbann ar an annach, PH 4203 . co Pelium cend annaig ┐ diumsa in domain, LL 224a4 ( TTr. 493 ). būi M. . . . fo mūr annaigh oirgce slūaig , ZCP x 46.17 . na hí bíte fri handgaibh, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. v (1919) 93 § 24 . As n. pr. a Andaigh, Annaig, ZCP vii 301 §§ 6 , 11 . g s. Annaig mic Duibinsi, 300.y .

? As adj.: main a.¤ cach uisce worthless produce of every water(?) (in a list of things which within limits are public property, e.g. wild garlic, dry sticks in a wood, etc.), Laws v 482.24 .

n also annocal. some kind of cryptic saying, by-word: andḟocul habitual saying, Phil. Soc. Trans. 1944, 103 . conid annḟocal .i. Cú ┐ Ceithen, LL 3826 = gnathfocul, Dinds. 1 § 14 ( RC xv 281 ). annfocal .i. gnath fhocal, O'Cl. anfocal .i. focul gnáthach, Ériu xiii 63 § 27 . ba ha.¤ d'feraibh Érenn . . . a athcomarc diaroile, `An gus an Magh cCetna bertar an cíos . . .', Leb. Gab.(i) 76.24 . ba hé . . . a hannacol (hannocul v.l.) . . . maccain congair in aird cheoil / sech nin athgēn nimathgeoin, Mór M. 3 . iss ed dī andfocal (sic leg.) robói i m-bélaib in t-slúaig oc denam in tócuir: cuire i lláim tochra i llaim . . ., LU 10819 . Note also: iss e seo annofocla(?) boí ocá muintir . . . cuirthe i lland tochre i lland, etc., 10879 = is e seó and foclai, Ériu xii 182 § 11 (TE). ba é a hannacul: it crína indiu mo chrúi etc. (Ailill Ólom lamenting his forsaken state), RC xiii 460 § 60 . ba hé a hannacol Maic Con indíeid a drúith, § 61. ba hé a hannacol Saidbe (lamenting the death of Art), § 62 .

v (* ar-di-báid-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 459 ) extinguishes, quenches, destroys: indi ardibdai .i. is dibdud dun tenid a choscrad, Ml. 48c33 . a srúaim . . . arrodibaid ítith ind israhel `the stream . . . which has quenched the thirst', Wb. 11a19 . arrudibaid .i. rouc cech núrdataid ṅas, Ml. 99a2 . ar-dibdai slan ┐ fuillium does away with exemption, etc., ZCP xiv 377 § 40 ( Laws ii 290 ). ar-dibdai forcraid somuini, 384 § 49 (ib. 312 ). na hocht nairig dualchae / . . . / is eól damsa sualchae / ardadíbdatsom huili (ar de dibdada huile; ardotdibdathæ uile; nosinnarbann sin uili, MSS.) `I know virtues that extinguish them all', Ériu i 195 § 11 . co nd-ouorba uath . . . .i. co n-irdiphand, Auraic. 3920 . ni choemsat na husqi imdai co ro-airrdíbdat in déircc, PH 5864 . ardibdaba dochell blatha, RC xxvi 38.11 . ar focrechtnaigfiter sluaig air-dibdibther laechrad, TFerbe 205 . a fil do lindibh isin domun . . . gia no dailte i ngliund na pian, ni airdibhdhabhad, Ériu ii 134 § 112 .

Vn. airdíbdud.

adj o, ā (*ath-lam, cf. adblam). Later athlam. quick, nimble, agile, eager: am ān am a.¤ athargaib, LU 10628 . mac mheic Domhnaill athlaimh Óig, DDána 91.38 . fer a.¤ , TTebe 2558 . a.¤ n-engnoma, 2512 . tré airechtu athluma `eager assemblies', Ériu iii 14 § 3 . buidhni ána athluma d'ainglib, IT i 174.17 . sluaig athlama, TTebe 4849 . athlumha i n-iomghuin (of weapons), BS 16 . atrachtatar eirge athlamh aeinfir they rose up quickly as one man, CCath. 4436 . Cf. ēirgid athlum aoinfir (sic leg.) do dénum a ndiaig Nuada[t] rise speedily to pursue N., ZCP xiii 205.1 . d'imlaid athlaim, MR 272.14 . urchar athlam, Stair Erc. 306 . robtur athlumha étroma a longa, CCath. 1974 . ba hathlam áine im úaga quick the driving at the funeral sport, Metr. Dinds. i 6.8 . is eicsiu athlam indlim, LL 5256 . eōlas athlam `ready guidance', ZCP iii 42.7 . cet tengad aig a.¤ , Cog. 50.15 . athlamh .i. ésgaidh, O'Cl. Compar. rind bas . . . athlaimi, LU 4840 (TBC). batir athlamiv na mná andáti na fir, TTr.² 1704 . With -de: athlaimite, TTr.² 332 . Adv. ro lingestair . . . go hurettrom athlamh, TBC-LL¹ 3891 . bualaid co ha.¤ ar n-ech, RC vii 300.151 . co hathlumh, Stair Erc. 1593 .

v expld. by Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 636 as from *ess-ro-so- with inf. pron. failed (to do or get someth.). `Orig. the person who failed was the object, what he failed to achieve was the subject; e.g. a-t-roi a n-guin "their killing turned him away'' "he failed to kill them'' ( Hib. Min. 70.10 )', Lewis and Ped. 398 . Usage however fluctuates somewhat in the exx., and it is not certain that the verb contains the root *so- or that it is connected with éraid (see as-ren, éraid, as-soí). rabāi . . . orci i seilb charat Cairpri . . . atrōe Coirpri ūad C. could not get it (the dog) from him, Corm. Y 883 . tíagait úad íarum. ata-roí a n-astod they could not stop them, BDD² 308 (`das Festhalten wendete sie ab, sie konnten nicht zurückgehalten werden', Ped. loc. cit.). at-roaside díchleith n-aire ┐ do-beir lán a chúaich de usci as it could not be concealed from him (a well), BDD² 1468 = atroasidé a dícleth, LU 7937 . ad-raī a nguin la toescad in muilinn, Fing. R. 879 (see above).

In follg. application of inf. pron. less clear: tuirsech mo menma. Addro luamain ┐ addagin eónu aili I could not fly, Imr. Brain ii 292.31 (see Celtica v 139 ). doluid críne form assennath ┐ addró imthecht (forémed, v.l.) I was unable to walk, 287.30 .

With subj. indicated by verbal ending: atrōiset Luiguir co ndesetar impi, Otia ii 87 § 8 = adraiset Ligur, BB 135a18 they were unable to cross the Loire. With various pass. endings: ? aradroagas a thedachtsom isin chath had been prevented, TBC-I¹ 3619 . forémdes . . . o Chobthach dul issin tech C. was unable to enter the house, LL 270a12 (atroas v.l., ZCP iii 7 § 24 ). at-rós a thairmesc he could not be prevented, Fing. R. 14 . at-roas techt ar in orggain they were unable, 397 . na conétat comaitecht (attaroet comhaidecht v.l.), RC xxi 376.9 . attroithe a rrím they could not be counted, LL 290a18 ( RC xiii 448.x ). Without inf. pron.: gegnaitsom banb bec díb, asrous iarom a brith día doud they were unable to bring it to be roasted, LU 1742 .

The follg. are unclear: romgobsa mo gesa ule anocht, ol C., hua ro-essa indarboe in tríar sin, BDD² 340 `those three have escaped banishment', ib. n. Fiachra Cassán febda in rí / da biach bar baill broé atróe (: broe), LL 6075 . ? atroroi cat comartan (rhet.), ZCP xii 402.y . ataforroi cath comortai. arotrai, 403.9 . Perh. also: atroebaid Gaidel co mbúaid / dula dó i ndegaid int slúaig / uair ba faith, fri glea scél / uamun Déa mac n-Israhél, SR 3997 = foremdes uad dul in ndegaid mac nIsrahel uair rosgab ecla he resan dia diar adairset, LB 118b52 . Strachan, VSR Index, suggests tentatively that here uaman may be subj., but this seems more likely to be dula.

adj occas. barbárda (based on Lat. barbarus; cf. barbár).

(a) barbarous, foreign; strange : socraiti eachtrand . . . no buidne barbardha, CCath. 5808. gotha allmhardha barbardha, TFrag. 164.x . oc fegad ind idi b.¤ , TBC-LL¹ 580. táchim slúaig barbardai, MU² 515. muna thuige mé brígh an ghotha, biáidh mé [am dhuine] bharbarrgha ag an tí labhrus, 1 Corinth. xiv 11.

(b) violent, vehement, fierce, mettlesome: borb b.¤ bruthmar, TBC-LL¹ 1011. is b.¤ 's is cauratta in tuarascbáil, MU² 614. ris an each mborb mbarbardha, Aithd. D. 81.5 . an peacach bocht barbardha, A. Ó Dálaigh xix 7. Adv. at-raachtatar Ulaid co b.¤ ara n-armaib, MU² 161. ac slaide . . . co dremun ┐ co b.¤ , CRR 47.

As subst. na barbárdhu (= hostes), Lat. Lives 89.10 . cathugud frisna barbárdusa, LL 31040 ( TTr. 221 ). frisan mbarbarrdha, fri Balur the fierce one, Cath MT 1060. na barbardhaigh (viz. Picts and Scots), Keat. ii 6111.

n ā, f. (cf. Lat. barca) b.¤ f., IGT Decl. § 39 (91.21) .

(a) bark, ship: bārcc a barca, Corm. Y 108. i mbāirc, 115 . barc .i. long, O'Cl. saer lerlong ┐ baircc (? leg. barcc) ┐ curach, Laws v 104.1 , glossed: .i. for na bi imrum .i. na serrcinn, 4 Comm. lucht na bairci, i 128.15 Comm. ind oenbarcc (of the Ark), SR 2536. barc fri beithi (in `Ogam n-eathrach'), Auraic. 6133. i mbraine na báirci, BDD² 515. cetheora barca .xxx. . . . ┐ tricha in cech báirc, LU 1278 (H.). cid as dech do ríg ? . . . bárca do thochor i port, Tec. Corm. § 1.25 ( LL 343a24 ). a fín b.¤ (sic leg. ?) for tondgur fland, LL 7189 (`wine-barque', Hail Brigit 11 ). do chriaid ḟir na báirci (of Tuathal Techtmar), 37770 . barcc gu muinib, IT iii 241.215 . na bárca bronnfairsinga, CCath. 1445. Luimneach lethanglas / frismbarca ben `which beats against barks', Ériu iv 154.2 . coblach mor do longaib ┐ do barcaib, Ann. Conn. 1338.4 . i n-urlár éinbháirce (: tráichtte) on the deck of one ship, DDána 107.1 . In nn. loc. Inber na mB., LL 24169. Rinn na Báirci, CF² 97.

(b) Fig. of (perh. boat-shaped) structures on land: a barc brainech na tor tromm / . . . / ba tu relec na fian find (to Brug na Bóinde), Metr. Dinds. ii 12.41 ( LU 4157 ). Barc Crimthainn Nia Nair (one of the Dindgnai in Broga, the others being Long ingine Foraind etc.), Dinds. 4. Long na Láech / frisanabar Barc Ban mbáeth, Metr. Dinds. i 18.58 . Ailech nImchill os cech áit / dia do báirc bir-chinn. . . . `sharp-crested stronghold ', iv 96.46 . romúrsetar Báirc ṁBresail. Báirc-sede feda nemchrínda doringned ic Bresal, RC xiii 40 § 10. Of a territory: Tir da Locha . . . / barcc reil ro hetrocht, Auraic. 5107.

? Moisi minn os betha barc (: Isaac), SR 3865. fo betha barc, 2819 . Note also: a hadbai Ailig / . . . / a bairc moir Mide / . . . / a crich Breg, Ériu viii 68.33 .

Of a prince or warrior: Aed Ailig uill / . . . / barc hordain áin, IT iii 21 § 62. Brandub barc i mbatar sluaig , LL 7239. Bran Berba ballglaine, / bārc thacid thriūin, Bruchst. 8 § 9 ( IT iii 14 § 31 ). greit ríg / . . . / barc bodbae (of Lóegaire B.), LU 8608 (rhet.). Cf. Húa Conaill . . . / bá b.¤ maone bá muir neccna (of Colum Cille), ZCP viii 197 § 13.

Compds. With noun: bárccuideachta ship's company, DDána 89.9 .

With adj.: tar muir mbarcláin (barcglan, v.l.), BS 30.9 . barr būadach bárclethan / lethas dar sōerchlanna of wide ships (?) (of Colum Cille), ACL iii 218 § 8.

With adj. derived from noun or vn.: barcbhuailteach (?), IT iii 97 § 158. sluagh . . . bárclibernach `ship-possessing', MR 214.y .

n also blaí, blae f. green, lawn, level field, plain: bla .i. faithche, O'Cl. gáir a ṡlúaig ós blai bruidne (as bla brune, [.i. ua]s faigthi in b[ai]le, v.l.) `green', Metr. Dinds. iv 368.15 . oin eich agar (sic leg.) for bla, Laws v 278.4 . doberar carpat ind ríg forsin ṁblai, LL 14560. in tan roanic in carpat cend na blae, 14572 . bennachais blae óinaig Tailtin, Trip. 70.30 . segda cairptech docing rot / . . . / alaind lúadam luades blai (: Fidgai), LU 3800 ( SCC 37 ). ar ind uaig os fertais blae, Acall. 4114. suainem tar blái foa ndichet carpat, O'Mulc. 759.

Place, ground: `bladh' (bla, v.l.) baile, Metr. Gl. 25 § 20. bláe .i. baile . . . bláe feadha dia ndocrion cobra, O'Dav. 212. amail oin a mbla apta, Laws v 194.1 Comm. Cf. amail oin; in baile i napad . . . amail oín i ninad eipiltneach, iii 218.16 Comm. it ríched bladmar ar ṁbla / a Rí in talman in toga, LL 855. as í rom-alt fo céttblae `in the first place', Moling 26 . ós bla `over the spot', Metr. Dinds. iv 130.19 . for blai (.i. faichthi), LU 10280. Cf. ní ar bhladh éan urla[i]nn romalt, Content. xxiv 7 , see n. 8 . ? ardomroet rí carrge blai / ma gabtha gaí duane dó, IT iii 42.4 . logh a bla (of an artifact), O'Curry 404 (H. 3.18, 224b).

Compd. leithdíri da blāi-neimthib (blanimtibh, v.l.) ` sanctuaries ', Cáin Ad. 36.

n [o, m.] (1 or 2 boc + mell) name of a kind of fool: ni bi raith friut . . . b.¤ (.i. fo a mbit na mill buic fo bragaid, n. 10, ref. to goitres ? Plummer MS. notes) . . . ┐ inann in bobre ┐ in buicmeall ┐ in meallach suirig . . . ┐ in druth go rath `let not be surety for you . . . a `b.¤'', Ériu xi 73 § 7. Cf. bocmeall .i. fo mbit na mill buicc braghad no is boc ar merdacht mella congna `(one) under whom are the soft lumps of the neck. Or he is a he-goat for madness (who has) the lumps of horn', O'Dav. 318. in bocmbell, one of twelve names given to the `drúth' and one of six given to the `d[r]uth co rath,' Ériu xi 80 § 7. in druth co sundradach . . . ┐ mellach suirig ┐ b. ainm aile do, 81.5 ( Laws v 144.3 wrongly as n.pr.). ni chlunim gáir echlach, nó boccmell slúaig, nó tarcon turusa inti ` hubbub (?),' RC xiv 416 § 33 , where, however, b.¤ may be g p. depending on gáir.

adj o, ā (bríg) powerful, mighty, forceful; strong, virtual, vigorous: is brigach gl. grandis, Ml. 100a4 . brioghach .i. feartach, neartmhar, O'Cl. brigach .i. uallach, ut est brigach maith morsésur, O'Dav. 194 = O'Curry 2752 ( Eg. 88, 80b ). ? brigach .i. mbruigech, O'Mulc. 155. la céssad sluaig brígaig `of a vigorous host', Fél. Feb. 15. Eoin Baubtais[t] brigach .i. craibthech `John Baptist the mighty', O'Dav. 1452 ( Fél. Prol. 101 - 102 ). ar maccan brigach barrfind, Thes. ii 291.13 . banchath b.¤ `vehement women's war', 327.17 (Hy. v). breisim lāi brātha brígaig `mighty', Ériu iii 30 § 13. mor mbuiden mbrigach (brigmur, v.l.), CCath. 6022 . b.¤ a chert (rhet.) great his justice, LU 3403 ( SCC 18 ). fírén brighach buasamuil, O'D. 2212 (Nero A vii, 146b). In cheville: b.¤ fodail `a mighty division' (of the saints), Fél. Ep. 290. As subst. ro b'é in bríghach buanbladach `the disdainful one', SG 137.17 (Acall.).

io, iā part. of búaidrid. Also búaidertha.

(a) troubled, confused, disturbed, tormented: it [t]orsig . . . ┐ it búadartha (sic leg.) na pecdaig, LU 2070 (FA). ro bo . . . bailedhach buadhartha, O'Dav. 297. na sluaig bristi buaidirthi, TTebe 964 . tonn sceóil brégi buaiderthi a wave of false and confused (?) report, Ériu iv 214 § 7. go raib a spiorad buaideartha, Gen. xli 8. Adv. co bristi buaidirthi , TTebe 952 .

(b) Of water, etc. turbid, muddy: din tsruth buadarthu gl. de turbulento riuo, Ml. 2b3 . combo buadartha in t-áth día chacc, LU 6076 (TBC). i n-athaib buaderthaib, LL 13794. dona deochaib buaideartha reamra millsi = turbidos, RSláinte 1142. fual derg ard ina dath ┐ buaiderta ina folud, Rosa Angl. 14.20 (turbulosa, 23 K 42 , 129.19 ). uair derg, uair glas, uair búaiderta ┐ uair ele tiugh (a well), Maund. 103. an uair bis in aimsir co fliuch buaiderta ag techt = ante pluvias et tempora turbida, Rosa Angl. 328.20 .

n (1 búan) professional soldier, fighting-man, esp. hired or billeted soldier, mercenary; permanent soldier: suaitreach .i. buanna, H 3.18, 627b21 . ? iar tuidecht slūaig dibuanaib .i. di Laignib, TBC-I¹ 1090. in buanna bil, Metr. Dinds. iii 396.19 . gar mborbṡlait-ni fa bhūanna, ZCP viii 226.7 . an buan[n]a do bhí ar gach tigh, Content. v 75. ag cur bhúandadh ar chill billeting soldiers on a church, BNnÉ 288.19 . buannadha, ┐ bardadha Saxanacha, AFM v 1666.1 . sreith . . . buannadha buna ┐ bairr, 1686.3 (see 1 bun). buannuighe teanna ó Thír Chonaill, Maguires of F. 97. buannadha cosanta na beathadh síordhuidhe (of clergy), Mac Aingil 4863 . ? gá críoch dho fá daghbhuanna, LBranach 3304 .

adj i fine, good, fair, beautiful , etc. Of persons etc.: Bláán cáin Cinn Garad, Fél. Aug. 10 . C. ba cáin áge, July 6 . a phopa ch.¤ Conaire, BDD² 1175 . caínsi ch.¤ corcarda lais, 675 . caín tarb (caintarb, v.l.) (of Cet), Sc.M² 15 . coīn mīlid Ailill fri āgu, Corp. Gen. 8.13 . is cur c.¤ ¤ cathbúadach, LU 8956 ( FB 71 ). it caíni for slúaig , 5531 (TBC). am c.¤ (.i. ni ḟuil luib is chaime andú), LL 1555 . cid cáin lib in laechrad, IT i 77.9 (LMU). cáin cech culēn fó ṡaidh, Cáin Ad. 8 . aged chāin (: sōir), ACL iii 307 § 15 . ingen Chuinn an c[h]rotha caoin, ML² 810 . sé c.¤ ceilligi carthanach, Stair Erc. 1025 . Of an action: is cáin didiu a n-essimthecht `fair then is their going forth', Thes. i 495.19 (Ardm.). ? c.¤ forondar a chorp hi crú, LU 8339 ( FB 24 ) (see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 604 ). Of clothes: fúan c.¤ corcra, LU 8601 ( FB 45 ). ad-mestar cáircha assa comthlachtaib cóinib, ZCP xi 85 § 39f. lend bus caoin dath, ML² 513 . Of objects soft, smooth : ail chaoin cumdachta, Ériu xiii 30.29 . im iomdhaidh thaoibh chais chaoin, 28.22 . ag cennghail um charraic cháin, Acall. 858 . mess fás. fidh cáin. olcc bláth `smooth' (i.e. devoid of fruit ?), SG 80.8 . is c.¤ cech ard, LU 3915 ( SCC 43 ). ba c.¤ ind fhidchell, TBFr. 90 . Of speech etc. soft, gentle : guthán c.¤ , Ériu xviii 12 § 6 . caoin fuigheall fri heigsi, Ériu xiii 14.3 . labhra chaoin, DDána 13.4 . d'aitheasg chaoin, 17.15 . cómhrádh caoin gach naoimh, Párl. na mB. 889 . ceól caoin na bhfilídhe, 1633 . ar chruit chaoin, DDána 119.29 . comhairle ch.¤ , ML 6.22 . Of weather fine, clement : sína caíni . . . gaim c.¤ cuisnech (oppd. to sína saiba), ZCP xi 82 § 25 . In chevilles: caoin rath, Blathm. 4 . caoin sgel, 153 . In nn.loc.. crutti Caínbili o Ess Rúaid da n-airfitiud, LL 8816 ( TBC-LL¹ 1449 ). Cf. Cluain caín, Druim caín, Caíndruim etc., Hog. Onom. Adv. co c.¤ cennsa, Stair Erc. 2235 .

Compar. Ailenn . . . / caīnu dūn dindgnai, Corp. Gen. 8.17 . cainiu cach fiach, SR 2485 . cainiu fedaib, Auraic. 5550 . ba cæine side cach fichthill, ZCP iv 35.17 v.l. As superl.: cáiniu di ḟlaithib in domuin, TBC-LL¹ 5171 .

Superl. ǽ drobéssach caínem di thonemaib Heirenn, Trip.² 1695 . Crist ba caoinem clú, Blathm. 247 .

As subst. Of a person: caoin ó a bhfaghair fóirithin (of a bishop), Arch. Hib. i 97 xviii . caíni U. (three harpers), TBFr. 108 . See 2 caín.

Compds. Forms compds. with nouns, adjj. and in adverbial sense with verbs. In composition with verbs treated as unstressed prefix, see GOI § 384 . In later lang. such compds. treated as simple vbs. e.g. caindeifriges, Auraic. 985 ; cainternais (sic leg.), ML 162.22 . Also used to form artificial compds. in etymol. glosses. Some of the compds. included here could belong to cain.

With nouns: ar a chaonairilledh, Leb. Gab.(i) 226.2 . bindḟogur a gotha ┐ a caínurlabra, LL 7740 ( TBC-LL¹ 210 ). trisin cainaisṅdíis (ref. to bene gratias agis). Wb. 12d20 . ar cháinbésaib im chóemchostud na fledi, MU² 211 . a gcrabhadh ┐ a ccáoinbhesaibh, Ériu v 74.13 . cāemdūdracht, cāinbēsa, ZCP viii 215.2 . do cech eclais bís i cāinbéscnu, Cáin Ad. 36 . aitherrach cáinbescna daib fri Dia, Anecd. i 41.20 . ica tá caoin bleith (of metal), O'Dav. 200 . ropo chuiscle chaenbríg, LL 27008 . fo cháinbuide (: óenṡuidi) na ndrong, SR 6055 . atcota becdata cāinbude humility wins gratitude, Anecd. iii 11.7 . ech gach eamhain ina caoincennas coir, Ériu xiii 27.8 ( Laws v 62.21 Comm. ). biaidh bo fó chaoinchethair ar anair n-iorchoraigh, xiii 25.22 `there will be a cow four fair times (i.e. there will be four cows) for a full melodious anair' (verse dealing with the rewards due to various metres), Meyer, Misc. Hib. 22 . ¤-chomrac etc. see separate entries. do-rala caínchomrád etir Coin C. ┐ Emir, MU² 136 . tré . . . caencrabud B., Lism. L. 3330 . atcota cīall cáin-chruth, Anecd. iii 10.18 . Mock n.pr.: Caonchruth mac Caoindhelbha, ii 64.5 . fothughad a caen-daime budein, Laws v 52.17 Comm. ¤-dúthracht etc., see separate entries. céd corn caoinegair, Mart. Don. xxxvi 14 . co cathair na caenḟled, Gorm. Dec. 18 . a chaínfochell asar corp `fair wage', Wb. 15c24 . tabraid . . . cāinforgall, Thes. ii 306.2 (Hy. i). ní raba . . . bá moo eneach na caonfuarascaibh ionás renown, TFrag. 178.1 . ¤-ḟúairrech etc. see separate entries. sin chaóinfresdail ┐ fritheoladh, RC xxix 146 § 72 . nach claistear a gcaoinḟriotal gentle speech, Hackett² xviii 39 . tria caonGhaoidheilg, Hugh Roe² 244.7 (fo. 61a) . Maccæma Túath nDea dom ét iar mo caenghuide, RC xii 60 § 18 . huanaib cainimbedaib ilaigthib gl. multiplicatis benedictionibus, Ml. 105a7 . cāinlāech Luigdech, AID i 53 § 3 , Celtica xi 125 . ar chrábhadh na caoin-léaghan do rádh `to say a prayer(?)', Celt. Rev. x 134.12 . caín-leas, MR 160.5 . fó ṡídh ┐ fo chaoin loisi, AFM ii 1164.6 . triallais . . . caenmag, LL 15762 . naoi ccuill chaoinmhesa, Ériu xiii 26.20 . anruth .i. sruth cain molta uadh, Laws iv 358.21 Comm. concertfa caenrecht for iathu B., YBL 181a11 . act rocloor for cáinscéilsi a good account of you, Wb. 23b2 , cf. b41 . fer ro scríb . . . / cáinscéla Críst chrochthai, Fél. May 6 . rind caein-sholais Chaingcrech, MR 114.2 . gan dire do chreith caoinṡrothaib, Ériu xiii 17.13 . á caintaidlech gl. satisfactionem, Ml. 32b22 . cáinteist diib `good testimony', Wb. 23a23 . ic tabairt chaintestusa, LB 107a24 . caintír toirthech (? cain), SR 963 . déce do caerca caeintlachta, Leb. Gab.(i) 30.15 . teinniu achuinscliu caíntocud, LU 7385 . trí hingena berta seirc do cháinthocud, Triads 110 . iarsin chaíntoil gl. secundum bonum placitum, Wb. 20d19 . do lucht na cain toile, ITS xxix 144.2 . 'na sgéith chreidimh ┐ chaointoile, Parrth. Anma 5064 . cáintoimtiu diib `a fair opinion of you', Wb. 23a22 . adchonncadar . . . isan chaentracht clerech, RC xxvi 160 § 47 . iarna cáintuistin, SR 7999 .

With adjj.

(a) Dvandva compds.: tecait cāinḟinn / corra, ḟāilinn `fair white birds', K. and H. 18 § 27 . cāinmaith slān / Sīrne, Ält. ir. Dicht. i 29.27 .

(b) Adjj. derived from nouns: go cobhsaidh caoin-bhéasach, TSh. 1854 . do reir diancecht cainbrethaig fair-judging, Laws iii 362.4 Comm. ambreith Chaei Chaenbrethaig, Thr. Ir. Gl. 9.2 . Connla Caoinbhriathrach, Keat. iii 518 . Mock n.pr. Feli ingen Caoinchlothaigh, Anecd. ii 64.9 . is caínchomairlechu beith i ssíd, LL 31741 (TTr.). uo cōinchomráitech . . . na fēne re chéle, Fianaig. 64.4 . a sgiath . . . chaoindealbhach, ML 112.19 . in dearc . . . caen-dénmach beneficent, PH 5923 . cros caoindénmhach uas a cind, AFM iii 312.10 . caindénmide gl. benefica est, Ml. 25d4 (caindenminde, MS). caindéinmidi (-deimidi, MS) gl. beneficam, 120b6 . amal as dund chaindénmidiu gl. benefico, 33b9 . nadbi caínfoltach nibi caínfuillmech `he who is not well qualified is not well remunerated', Ériu xviii 47.5 ( Laws v 112.7 ). cluithche caoínmhenmnach, Ériu v 166.56 . easbog cáoinráidhtioch, Párl. na mB. 3794 . labrad uallach ┐ chaintoimtenach dib fadesin `proud and self-complaisant speech', Ml. 31b10 . See caínḟúairrech.

With verbs: cáin-airlice lend graciously(?), LU 3489 ( SCC 26 ). mani cáinairlither `unless thou take good heed', Wb. 5b38 . in tan na cain-biadhtar cain-scarat, Laws v 292.12 . nī bo fri óigthea acher / cāinbói (.i. cáin nobíid) fri lobru trúagu, Thes. ii 328.3 (Hy.v). la Dal Riada cainebar / . . . / lethdeog, Anecd. i 14.15 ( SCano 478 ) (ibid). cáineperr gl. bene dicitur, Sg. 215a3 . caínéra, LU 3489 ( SCC 26 ). caoin éranar muca mbroghtar ina muicthech, Ériu xiii 27.23 = amail atbeir isin bretha nemidh cain erenar muc mbrogtar ┐ rl., O'Curry 1451 ( H 3.18, 647b ) (as-ren). c.¤ feid a rosc, LU 8342 ( FB 24 ). c.¤ fera bodil di fodbaid ríg (rhet.), 6122 (TBC). c.¤ fúalaing fuither glaini sair, 8343 ( FB 24 ). inna caingnethi gl. bene acta, Ml. 22d18 . With in-láidi, see ind-láidi. cumala caínógat a ngnímu `who fulfil their services well', Críth G. 485 and n . caínoís, LU 3489 ( SCC 26 ) (oidid). cain rognatha (gníid), Ml. 39a24 . cáinscríbaimm, Thes. ii 290.11 . caínté im gaí cainte gaithe, LL 1570 (téit). cia tīasam cáin temadar (.i. alaind), Thes. ii 299.30 (Hy. i). in-díu trá cáin-timgarat, Lament 90.5 . inna caintinscantai gl. bene coepta, Ml. 131c18 . caín tintaé chucum, LU 8310 ( FB 23 ). is caintormachtae (do-formaig), Hib. Min. 13.451 . clanda caine caīntuismiter, ZCP xi 92 § 21 . amail bid cainullmaigthe, Hib. Min. 13.448 .

In etymol. glosses on con as conjunction and preverb: caoinberim nó caoinbritheamnaigim gl. conidbiur, O'Dav. 391 (cf. Ériu xiii 21.30 ). conamus . . . .i. . . . ro cainaimsighedh, Laws i 48.18 Comm. conaraig . . . .i. . . . ro chain-airgestair, v 292.14 Comm. ar na conderbathar .i. ar na caindiubarthar, iv 196.23 Comm. (2 do-rorban?).

In later lang. used as occas. alliterating ornament e.g. do chogair ┐ do chaoin-chomhairligh aige féin, ML 26.14 .

With vnn.: cuile iar cainbiathad, Stud. in E. Ir. Law 52.29 ( Laws ii 386.z ). a condaill .i. a caindeligud, Auraic. 1501 . na ro cuindrigther . . . .i. na dentar do caindirech, Laws i 192.8 Comm. (etymol. gl.). in chainepirt gl. benedictio, Ml. 137d6 . tosach cōru cāinepert, Anecd. iii 16.15 . is maith bar caeineiberta, SG 350.1 . ¤-gním, see separate entry.

n ā, f. Also m. n s. also caithim, caithed. g s. caithte, A. Ó Dálaigh xvi l . caithim f., IGT Decl. § 150 . caitheamh m., § 101 . Vn. of 1 caithid. c.¤ , caithim, IGT Verbs § 72 . In sense (d): caitheachtain, Bard. Synt. Tr. 14.y .

(a) act of spending, consuming, using up. Of eating, drinking: ní fogní leisim a cathim na ráod sin, Mon. Tall. 13 . do chaithim feolae, 51 . oénfer do cathim a satha día [ḟ]eóil, LU 3451 ( SCC 23 ). do chathim mo bíd, TBC-LL¹ 1042 . ní do thorad in chroind sin do ch.¤ , MacCarthy 52.14 . co nar leicc c.¤ na cumsanad doib `eat or rest', Ann. Conn. 1270.5 . tuir-bhiadh ┐ táir-dheoch do lucht a gcaithmhe, TSh. 8316 . corp Christ . . . ica caithimh, Grail 1851 . caitheamh an chuirp, Dán Dé xviii 3 . iar caithem feoir (of cattle), Ann. Conn. 1224.2 . Of territory enjoying fruits of; laying waste, pillaging: a caitium ┐ a cosnum to spend and defend it (of territory), ZCP xiii 181.y . in ti coimetas a tir cen c.¤ , Laws iii 50.12 Comm. atáid h-eascaraid ag caitheadh do chríche pillaging, ML 52.7 . baí an t-iarla ag caithemh, ┐ acc cuartucchadh na Mumhan `spending and subjugating', AFM vi 2082.13 . fuair tú a cáineadh 's a caithimh (: an-fhlaithibh) `slandered and wasted' (of Ireland), A. Ó Dálaigh liii 12 . morsluaigedh . . . la ríg nErenn i Muigh Birra oc caithem Urmuman `consuming', RC xviii 42.8 .

Of spending, enjoying length of time, life, reign, feast etc.: tíachtain . . . do chathim fessi Temrach, LU 4209 . atbath . . . íar cathim do cethri .u. mbliadna, 10080 . dochúaidh do chaithemh na betha suthaine, Ériu v 98.21 . i dtigh Dé ní dheachaidh fear / ag caitheamh na gcúig n-aimsear, Aithd. D. 98.4 (leg. i gc.¤ ?). 's í ar gcaitheamh a céadaoise, Dán Dé v 28 . Hence act of enjoying: nī cair in domuin cathim `she loved not to enjoy the world', Thes. ii 328.2 ( Hy. v 8 ). a cumus ┐ a c.¤ (of wealth etc.), ZCP vi 54.18 . ag c.¤ toraid na hespocoiti enjoying the benefits of the see, Ann. Conn. 1307.12 . ní ceart do chaithiomh (of the body) `to pamper thee', Aithd. D. 79.1 . Cf. dorat Colam cille cuairt ┐ c.¤ a manach ┐ a oglach [do Chaillín] `fees and entertainment', Fen. 164.20 . toiscidi .i. caithemh, Ériu xiii 55 § 29 .

In other contexts: da c.¤ fo cétoir `for immediate use', Laws i 80.15 Comm. in aimsir a caithme (of turf), 132.9 Comm. c.¤ dligid egalsa co hindligthech spending the church dues, v 122.17 Comm. robo imda claideam iar caithim corice a dornchor on imbualad worn, LL 408b2 ( TTr. 2232 ). co tairnic airm Ḟind do chaithim `till he had used up', Dinds. 139 ( RC xvi 147 ). a tuarastal . . . do caithium, Cog. 156.24 . ar chaithimh (ccaithim v.l.) a chruidh, IGT Verbs ex. 651 . an lóchrann lasas go mear / is dó as chomhghoire caitheamh, Content. xxiii 10 n. d'éis cáich do chaithiomh a rosc, LBranach 1553 `having spent all their tears', Gloss. creideamh mar is cóir do chaitheamh practice, DDána 14.2 . an corp do chaithimh (: aithir) subdue, 10.15 .

With follg. prep. FRI: biadh ... do chathum ria liaigh 'to provide food for his physician', Mar. Dis. 30 § 8 . do chaitheamh a g-coimhfheirge re C. `expend', MR 272.2 . ō thairnic d'Fer lí a c[h]laidim do chaithim re cend ┐ re colainn in rí[g]fēnnid `worn out', Fianaig. 96.7 . a nert do caithemh riú, TBC St. 3852 . cam do chaitheam re chóir to meet justice with injustice, ML 102.13 .

Note also with prep. AR: caitheamh ar fheolmhach ┐ iascach took to, Keat. ii 4109 .

(b) In phrases. téid c.¤ for (i n-) x x is consumed, used up: im laithibh do-chuaidh caithimh (: héanlaithibh), DDána 6.35 . ní caitheamh do-chóidh 'n-a tréan (: maitheadh), 11.13 . ní théid caitheamh . . . ar phianaibh ifrinn, TSh. 6574 . Cf. tucatar c.¤ ar a cráisechaib they used their spears, Caithr. Thoirdh. 113.23 . c.¤ aimsire pastime: a hollamh / caitheamh aimsire a sluagh, DDána 73.9 . air na sgribad le R.T. dochum caithiomh aimsire do fein, Flower Cat. 336.31 . na cluicheadha nó an caitheamh aimsire, TSh. 4161 . ced . . . caithmhe aimsire, RSClára 117a . Attrib. g s. coinnle caithmhe Dé na ndúl (of sun and moon) `household torches', Dán Dé xxvii 10 . an chuid chaithmhe, Measgra D. 67.12 `the food about to be eaten', Gloss. teach caithimh gach fhir othair (of the cross), Aithd. D. 88.22 . dá toigh chaithmhe (of generous patron), DDána 103.3 . árus caithmhe ┐ comhnuidhe ann, Ériu v 90.23 . fearann caithmhe clóidim do mo chathaibh won by my sword in battle(?), ML 104.8 . inad caithmi in gach tuaith tréin `the place of the banquet', Hy Fiach. 278.y . istad caithme conaich, Grail 3286 . Adv. phrase: cen nach cathim without delay(?), SR 2195 .

In cheville: fa céim caithme (of Maedóc Ferna), BNnÉ 282.7 .

(c) liberality, generosity : fiadna caithme is clú O cCuinn `the witnesses of the munificence and fame', MS. Mat. 563.3 . méad a chaithmhe, Aithd. D. 10.6 . go mbí an rath i mbun caithmhe (proverb), O'R. Poems 1204 = gnáth rath re cois an chaithimh, DDána 102.4 . cen chathim cen tidnacul, LL 24794 . Of food: oc airmbertad in chaithme, Alex. 706 = caigte, BB 494b37 . cnuas na habhla . . . / damhna caithmhe don chéad ló `meant at first to be our food', Dán Dé xxviii 41 .

(d) act of casting, shooting missile : cuing caithfe na crann g[ ], LL 394.50 . cás a caithte (of a dart), DDána 78.10 . a naidhme caithme ┐ cosanta `projectile and defensive weapons', AFM vi 2270.5 . Also with gen. of object of attack: ro gab aga ccaithemh he set to pelting them, TBC St. 3934 . Maghnus . . . do dhul do chaithed ṡlúaig Ghall an oidhche sin, ALC ii 246.15 . cóicc gonna . . . dia caitheamh gan choiccill `to play upon it' (i.e. a castle), AFM v 1732.12 . ac c.¤ . . . aroile firing at one another, 1572.1 . Note also: ag drud re caithimh a chéile to harass one another, DDána 110.19 . iatt araon ag caithemh i naghaidh aroile im thighearnas na tíre `at strife . . . concerning . . .', AFM v 1830.6 .