n (cf. 3 féth and Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 628 ) unrest, turmoil, tumult: óicc fene cona n-ilchaib ┐ cona n-anfeth, Trip.² 936 . troithait ainbthine di dagbesaib .i. . . . a trentimurgun da nanfech i.e. good laws keep them from anarchy, Laws iii 24.22 Comm. ni ba hadhas . . . an anbfeich (anfhéth v.l.) mor sin do chloistin, Anecd. ii 51 § 13 . an t-anféth ┐ in míchostadh, TTr.² 1901 . arna tormanta in sluagh mór ut do anfeth ┐ micostad istir, BB 414a49 . bator iarom ind fir do miḟostad ┐ anfeith lasodain, IT i 266.z (FB Eg.) immusnaerfat anflathi la anfeth cach duba[i] `usurpers will satirise one another with storm of every darkness', RC xxvi 40 § 210 . nach suidhiu mar mannartha anfeth .i. . . . co ro comsgailed iat tre anfeith, O'Dav. 1255 .

n [i, m.] (1 al + muir, GOI § 825 ).

(a) one from overseas, foreigner: a.¤ .i. fri muir anall, O'Mulc. 37 . niba cian la h-allmuri bías, TFerbe 203 . sluagid allmure, ZCP viii 306.14 . allmuire iar suidhiu foreigners after that, x 344 § 18 . In n.pr. Eochaid A.¤ , Ériu iii 135.3 ( Echach Almuir, Cymmr. xiv 112.15 ).

(b) In pl. imported goods, valuables of foreign origin (so Laws Comm.): allmuire feth flatha, Laws v 442.22 .i. na hi ollamorda atairgiter ac in flaith .i. cno gnae ┐ cuirn ┐ eich, 444.11 Comm. (= acht allmuire feib .i. airmidin .i. cornn, delg n-airgid etc., ib. note). in glas cona (= con-oí) allmuire, i 126.2 .i. im in glas cometus na hi do-berar dar oll in mara, 142.12 Comm. allmuirib set .i. cuirnn ┐ det in mil mair, O'Curry 827 ( H 3.18, 379b ). allmairi .i. eich ┐ seoit maithe cheanae, 793 (ib. 369 b). or no airget no allmaire set, O'D. 2354 ( Rawl. B 506, f. 40d ) = ór ┐ airget ┐ cno gnoei ┐ cuirn buabaill, 1609 (H. 5.15, 12b). inderb nallmaire, 1618 (H. 5.15, 14a) = nallmuire, O'Curry 2031 (H. 4.22, 55a). allmaire sét, Tec. Corm. § 1.26 . allmaire .i. laemscaire, Stowe Gl. 224 . ? lína lána ó uscib ┐ almuire co tir Lagen, LL 215a28 .

(c) foreign parts: gabais i n-allmuirib, Rawl. 107a42 ( ACL iii 217 § 3 ). ? tar allamhuir, Ó Bruad. iii 182.13 .

(d) Perh. adj. in: míchlú allamhuir, Párl. na mB. 1294 (see note).

n (-ae) d, m. ara (on ghilla) m., IGT Decl. § 21 . Also araid, IT i 272.23 ; ZCP viii 231 § 26 . faraid, ZCP iii 45.10 . Note also d p. araib, Caithr. Thoirdh. 12.34 , 36.15 . Derived from *are-seds by O'Brien, Celtica iii 170 . See also Vendr. Lex.

(a) charioteer: aire ┐ arae ab auriga . . . amail remetet ara choimdid, O'Mulc. 54 . lēim dar ais dond aroid for rith, 759 . faitsi . . . ainm do suidhiu ind arad, Corm. Y 698 ( Anecd. iv 59.26 ). ni-caīn-cotli are senfonnith, ZCP xi 93 § 22 . dorochair arae Aiffe, RC xi 450.119 . ara ara bélaib isin charput a charioteer in front of him (i.e. the fighter) in the chariot, LU 9274 , 10232 . Foich ┐ Fochlam a nda a.¤ , 4729 . dufoid P. in carpat . . . cen arith nand, Thes. ii 242.12 (Ardm.). eter araid ┐ errid, IT i 325.27 . imasaí a charpat ┐ a arai[d], BDD² 13 . noí n-araid foglomma la tri primaradu ind rig, LU 7610 (BDD). ní gonaim aradu, TBC-LL¹ 1260 . tendsat araid Ulad a ṅglomraigi i mbélbaigib a n-echrad, MU² 285 . do-rigenta furopra ic aradaib Ulad, 308 . brechta druad ┐ arad, LL 1059 . ní dernae bésu arad practise not the ways of a charioteer, Ériu i 200.7 . t'a.¤ ┐ t'each, IGT Decl. ex. 794 . Appositional gen.: Cairpre arad (: scarad), Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 28.3 . ria nĀed arad (: nDanar), Arch. Hib. ii 62 § 47 .

(b) In more general sense of messenger, attendant: a.¤ .i. giolla, O'Cl. luid in t-a.¤ (.i. in buachail) do thaig in druad, IT i 40.19 . aes ciuil . . . ┐ araid, Laws v 108.20 . araid dano ┐ oblóre . . . oc dáil dóib, Ériu iv 124.23 . daetain . . . d'aradhaibh, ZCP vi 37.z . a ngille ┐ a n-aradha, AFM vi 2198.18 . aes uirmheata ┐ aradha, 2130.10 . oen gilla arad leo, ┐ assan i.e. one servant to drive the donkey(?) (of the flight into Egypt), LB 141b19 .

Compd. ¤-ṡlúag: coill eachraidh is aradhshluaigh `loss of horses and waggons', Studies 1921, 419 § 14 .

In n.loc. du láthruch da arad, Thes. ii 240.16 (Ardm.). Cf. Airecar n-arad s.v. airecar.

v redupl. stem of fut. and pret. will die, died. Perh., as suggested Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 458 , simply forms of baïd with at- from at-baill. Somet. also with ar-. Fut. 1 s. itbebsa coluath, Rawl. 130b29 (atbelsa LL). 3 s. atbéba fer cach ae léo, LU 7646 . is ann atbeuha (atbela v.l.) ind rii, ZCP iii 465.6 . atbeuba ēcc, 466 § 37 ( atbeba, ZCP xx 227 § 37 ). adbeba (arbeba, arbeaba v.ll.) cach a chói (cae v.l.) .i. epelaid o chach a choe gaimraid `his coshering will die for everyone', RC xxvi 38 § 200 and Binchy, Féil. Mhic Néill p. 20 . atambebai ecomlund, LL 14232 . intan sóifes clár fri clé / arambeba Fīnachtæ, ZCP xii 234 § 47 . in mairt a Lifi arambebais (? leg. arambebai) an rīgnía, iii 462.7 = mairt hi Liphimaig ara-thá / bebaid and in rignía, xx 223 § 14 . is bas ardombeba , RC xxiv 282.22 ; 'she has died' (a figura etymologica) Celtica xiii 25 . 3 pl. arbebat (arbebait, arbebhait v.ll.) bí ba[n]messu (banmessa, banmesa v.ll.) .i. epelait na h-eneclanna on a beoaib iar firmeissemnacht, RC xxvi 36 § 175 . arambebad sīabrai (arambebat ilsiabrai v.l.), ZCP iii 461.24 . cath i nEochind da ríí / arambebat tigernai, xii 232.z. ? Condit. 3 s. cichseo . . . céim rigairech don chath ara mbebad airdde die mór Maige Murthemne, LL 13833 .

Pret. 3 s. atbeb iar suidhiu ┐ focresa a fert, Dinds. 94 ( RC xvi 45 ). adbeba, Metr. Dinds. iii 58.47 . 3 pl. ros ṁbí Eraind, arid ṁbebsat bás. LL 14238 . With perfective ro-: na feranna dia fognaitis dofallsat na saerclanna uaib ┐ atraebatar som ┐ forbrisetar na saerclanna foraib, BB 255a30 = ┐ trebdadar, Lec. 185vb11 . Cf. docechnatar drai[d] Erenn for Galeonu co roeb[d]adar uile, Dinds. 9 ( RC xv 300 ). Cf. for-beba, at-baill, atbai.

adv (co + a s. of 1 adaig, Zimmer, KZ xxx 55 - 8 )

(a) till night, throughout the day : lathe búana . . . / ba tair coidchi inna gort `till evening', Thes. ii 334.4 (Hy. v). conbóing airthiu . . . cach cluchiu . . . caidche all day long, LU 4915 (TBC). lat-su do roga gascid chaidchi indiu, TBC-LL¹ 3551 . a natbered . . . chaidche fria-si, adféded si dia celiu in n-aidchi sin fochetóir, IT i 74 § 12 (LMU). anaid sium chaidthi (co haidhchi, v.l.) forsin phurt, Fing. R. 902 . doberthar duit . . . ina timchellfa do charpat chaidche before night, LL 328b27 ( SG ii 492.18 ). dia mbad mise nobeth isint suidhiu brethemon nobēraind cēt mbreth chaidchi, ZCP xiii 179.5 . ré hed in chaem-laithe cháidchi, Acall. 6503 , 6851 . car an c[h]āemlāe chaidchi, CCellaig 36 . laa chaidchi do Guaire oca thetarracht for a whole day, Ériu v 32.24 . bidh la coidche gan biadh gan digh, Rosa Angl. 90.26 . chaidche .i. go hoidhche amhail adeir an Muimhneach: cá rabhadhais la choidhche .i. ca hionadh ina rabhadhais ar feadh an láoi gonuige an oidhche, O'Cl. (chaidche). Cf. cot ádaig till night , LU 5555 . ZCP xiii 76 n.

(b) continually, always, henceforth, ever : comtis ambriti chaidchi cacha clainde, LU 10950 . rop tu atcheur / im cotlad caidhce, Ériu ii 89 § 2 . co ro mara choidche / amal choirthe cloch, LU 18910 . nír chóir anad oc coi cháidche, LB 262 marg. sup. da bidis chaithci isin tempull ic slechtain, YBL 148b23 . ger-ba beo . . . robo cromcend caichi, TTebe 3189 . rath . . . ar lucht m'eladhan chaichi am degaid, Acall. 3474 . lenait choidche dia n-ulcc, PH 4196 . toirche um dháil a Dhúileamhuin / choidhche madh áil m'ḟóirithin, IGT Decl. ex. 1317 . ionnus choidhche ar aonḟáth nach cclaonfamáois . . , RSClára 42.24 .

With neg. vb. never: ní firfe flechad choidchí, Vita Br. 48 but cf. 'rain will not fall till the night' Ir. Hist. Stud. i 134 . meni arrais din chétbulli . . . ní arrais etir chaidche, TBC-LL¹ 1283 (corresp. to co fescor, LU 5135 ). ar ni ticfaid frim-sa chaidche, MR 12.18 . ní bíadh c[r]aidhi maith agum-sa caidhci, Stair Erc. 2214 . guais nach bear ar chéill choidhche, A. Ó Dálaigh xxxix 2 . ni measdar choíche, Donlevy 66.16 .

n i & k, daur u, f., earlier neut. (?): dair nduillech, Ériu xxvi 83 § 14 . Daur, gen. daro, is the older, dair, gen. daro, darach the later inflexion ( Thurn. Hdb. 196 ). For the inflexion cf. rail, gen. ralach. In AU the genitive daro (in Cell Daro) continues to 918, after which dara and darach.

I An oak. quercus .i. daur, Sg. 38 a 9 . is clí darach Moysi, Wb. 33 a 5 . uath na darach cnú na darach, Zeuss 260 . hec quercus. dair, Ir. Gl. 554 . quercus .i. in dair, RC ix 240. 4 . gallus autoun ubhall duilli na darach, ACL i 327. 20 (= H 3.15, A 48 a ). airigh feada dair coll cuileand &c. Laws iv 146. 21 ; 148. 18 (commentary). dair. cid dombeir [i]n-airechus hi? a meas ┐ sáire, ib. 148. 26 . díre ndarach, ib. 148. 19 . gabais Fergus...dair mór...assa frémaib, ScM. 18 (in ndaraig móir, Rawl., Hib. Min. 56. 7 ). tópacht and cétbunni darach, TBC-LL¹ 563 . gráne darach, LL 311 b 18 . na daire romóra secha táncamar, ib. 264 b 42 . masa dairi feda feirn as chaill chairn, ib. 265 a 27 . sech rennaib na ndairi, ib. 265 a 20 . ferand lán do dairib dairmessa, ib. 162 b 18 . ba tuairgain darach gho do dhorn(aibh) RC x 335. 14 . fidhbadh...ibair ┐ daraig móra i suidhiu , ib. 72. 2 . maer (i.e. móir) aen inna ndarach mór in gésca, ib. 74. 3 . mes ara dairgibh donnuibh, Acall. 343 . la dairghibh ┐ omnuibh, ZCP i 390. 12 . co ndairghibh, SG 346. 39 . ina ndarachaib, 299. 29 . robenatar dairbre glasdarach CRR 37 . acc dol i ndaraig i ndreim rothuit a daraigh i tein, Anecd. ii 27. 26 . dair dermair cen rúsc cen duille, CCath. 338 . eochrann darach derṁaire, ib. 336 . amal daracho dímóra, Aen. 187 . darcha (a pl.), Bucol. 40 . dairrge, LL 308 a 15 . a dairghe (n pl.) dhíoṁora, Cog. 198. 28 . dairgi dainngne (n pl.) ZCP vi 279. 36 . dairghe (n pl.), Ériu v 60. 27 . co fuaratar cuais darach, LB 247 a 50 . a dhair dhosach dhuilledhach, B IV 1, fo. 88 a . PROV. nirbo hesarguin darach do dorn, Anecd. ii 72. 7 .

II Oak-timber, oak-wood (as material). Usually only in gen. clar ndara idir cach dí caomdai, Laws iv 304. 21 Comm. iana ┐ dromlacha ┐ dabcha darach, ib. v 94. 10 Comm. durrtaigi .i. durthech .i. dairthech .i. tech darach, ib. 102. 27 Comm. co ndernad tech ṅdarach di, LL 280 a 20 . hi tech ndarach, LU 19 a 17 . tech darach co tugi slinned, FB 55 . lán a dá glac lais do lommanaib darach, ib. 81 . ...do dénam na cathrach. Mas do daraig...mas da licc YBL 124 a 8 = Ériu ii 22. 28 . buinne darach, Ériu v 62. 3 .

III The letter d. duir is o chrann rohainmniged, BB 325 a 37 . sealbhadh duir ag dol i nion | ... | sealbhadh tinne ag dol i nduir 'the sealbhadh of d becomes n ... the sealbhadh of t becomes d', Éigse xxxvi 38 § 4 . do duir ┐ do gourt, Auraic. 4324 .

LOC. i nDruimm Daro .i. Druim Lias, Thes. ii 238. 14 . do Druim Dara bali atá indiú Druim Lias, Trip., i 144. 18 . Ess Dara, Acall. 1511 . Cell Dara, ib. 693 . co sanctaib Cille Dara, Trip. 349. 1 . epscop Cille Daro, AU i 40. 6 . abatisa Cille Daro, ib. 436. 5 . Áth na darach caime, Hog. Onom. 67 . iarla Chille Dara, TSh. 152. 7 . Dair-inis Valentia Island : Mael Anfaid na Darinse, LL vi 51768 . Daur-mag, dair-mag, dur-mag, der-mag Durrow CRR p. 127 . Holder 1241 . Onomast.

PERS. Fadb Darach hua Omna, CRR 18 , cf. Daurach. Daurgabal oak-fork LL 328 d 22 . g s. tri meic Daurgabail, ib. 328 upper marg. Daur-ṡaegul oak-age , ib. 23 .

COMPS. dair-ḟid, dauruth an oak-wood , see dair-ḟid, dauruth. daur-gráinne: daurgráne i gráne darach an acorn LL 311 b 18 . daurgráinne, Rawl. 118 a 22 . dair-imme an oaken fence Laws iv 76. 17 . dairime isin -chaill, ib. 28 . dair-mag, v. supra. dairmess acorns, oak-mast . habundantia dairmesa, AU i 236. 1 . co nimad dairṁessa, ALC i 404. 28 . gairid in trét fo dairbri dairmessa, LL 144 b 2 . ferand lán do dairib dairmessa, ib. 162 b 18 . dairmes do degmucaib, ib. 386 a 20 . mag lán dia dairmes, Lib. Flav. 27 a 2 . 44 .

MOD. dair, gen. daire, dara, darach, daraighe.

particle of transition = diṡuidiu (which is used for it FB § 6 ), see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 189 . Written in full, didiu: Wb. 1a9 ; 4a27 , c23 , d27 ; 8a4 ; 11b17a ; 15d20 ; 32c13 . didu: Wb. 8a5 . Hib. Min. 356 , 418 . LL 202a18 (: ¤ligu). BB 397a33 . IT iii 67.3 . didhu, BB 16b20 ; 355b30 = Metr. Dinds. ii 32 (: firu). dídu, SR 1224 . LL 102b38 (= TBC-LL¹ 6019 ). diu: TBC-I¹ 3564 . Hib. Min. 134 , 227 , etc. (reading of Harl.). Death-tales of the Ulster heroes, 12 . Corm. Y 1154 . RC xii 74.3 , 8 . Anecd. iv p. xii . BS § 3 . In Ml. and later MSS. however nearly always contracted dī and by earlier editors generally expanded as din (so always in PH) or dino (through confusion with dano), or somet. diu (SG); dni, AFM v 1552 . Expanded as dino in TBC-I¹ 422 , 428 , 434 , 462 , 469 , 472 , etc., where LU reads dano. Later also apparently d(h)e, see Ériu x 155 .

Didiu never begins a sentence. It always has reference to something preceding. Exceptions are only apparent, e.g. Corm. Y 1053 (where puincern has been introduced in the preceding article) and 568 (cf. 519 ). It generally follows a more or less emphatic word, often a noun or pron., but occasionally comes after ocus or nó at beginning of clause (esp. in PH); no dī may however = nō dō (= dano, q.v.).

(a) In logical sequence therefore, hence = Lat. ergo: nitat torbi . . . is diliu lemm didiu aní as torbæ, Wb. 11b17a , 4c24 . d27 , 8a4 , 15d20 . is mōir sléb[e] fírinne Dæ: cid ara fodmaisiu, a Dúaid, didiu a ndu imnedaib fodaimi? `why then dost thou suffer . . .?', Ml. 55d11 . biror .i. bir tibra . . . or .i. mong; biror didiu mong tiprat, Corm. Y 121 . Corbmac .i. corb .i. carpat. Cormbmac didiu mac carpait, 204 , cf. 519 , 851 , 875 , etc. do suidhiu ind erred isin charput as nomen a fochlæ . . . Fochla didiu cach suidiu n-a[i]rechda hence `fochla' means any exalted seat, 698 . cech fia[d?] . . . acht oenchrann ata dídu for riaguil every food therefore but one tree is under (our) control, SR 1224 . ba miscais lasin righain inti N., ar is dara ceand dorinde in rí fri Cairind he. Ba mor didu dochraidi Chairinde oc in rigain therefore C. was very harshly treated by the queen, RC xxiv 190 . omnia ergo quaecunque vultis, cech maith din is ail lib, PH 5772 . Hence freq. in drawing a conclusion or moral: conid aire sin didiu napo chóir do neoch uabur . . . do denam, LL 279a33 . connach cóir d.¤ lenmain do sholud nó shénairecht, 281b29 . conid ferr do neoch d.¤ a edprait don Chomdid andás dona dóinib, 286b40 (all concluding sentences of tales).

(b) Referring to someth. preceding, introducing an explanation or additional detail (freq. after a noun): rún inna cruche . . . Crúx didu ainm do gním in chrochtho, Wb. 8a5 . mali bare gare . . . Maile didiu .i. olc, Corm. Y 698 (p. 59) , cf. 604 , 860 . bói máthair mac Conaire la Neimed . . . In Nemed hé sin didiu bá ríg-briuga side now this N. was a hosteller, LL 292b1 ( Ériu vi 147 ). tanic aroli fer . . . Marcellus din ainm in fhir sin, PH 950 , cf. 2177 , 3114 , 3342 . is dó ranic inar Ísu . . . corccra d.¤ dath an inair sin, 2861 . Often nearly = for , Lat. enim: cruimther .i. goidelg indi as prespiter. Premther d.¤ a combrec sidie, Corm. Y 211 . Cathal nomen Britonis .i. combrec inn sin .i. catell. Cat d.¤ isin chombreic is cath in scotica Cathal is the Welsh name Catell; for cat in Welsh corresponds to cath in Irish, 206 , cf. 124 .

(c) As a particle of transition in looser signification: bói rí amra . . . Dagan a ainm. Ba mór d.¤ a chumachta, LL 245b43 . is amlaid doraiga intí Ísu Crist . . . Bid mór d.¤ a slóg . . . Is ar bēlaib int ṡluaig-sin d.¤ do aspenfa cách a gnímu, 280b26 - 27 . Common in sequences (often alternating with tra and other particles) = also, moreover, further: is andsin tancadar ina ferchuidreda . . . Is ann d.¤ sin thānic ind nōi carpait di ḟéindidib, TBC-I¹ 3536 . mōr do chētaib . . . mōr do churadaib . . . mōr do buidnib d.¤ robātar oca, 3408 . almsu dia anmain cetus . . . almsu din dia churp, PH 5977 . Ram a ainm ria tusmed chlainde do Abram imorra a ainm iar tusmed . . . Abraham din a ainm in tan dochuaid fo recht n-imdibe, 5684 , cf. 2267 follg., 6233-49 . rucsat bentachtain les on aide ┐ rofacsat bennachtain aice didiu, RC xxxv 204.20 . After ocus: ni bia fortamlus a namut fair . . . ┐ din nisbia tedmunna i n-a ḟlathius, PH 4284 . diar fhulang ┐ diar lessugud fodéin . . . ┐ din do shásad bocht, 6121 . ocus din fáth aile, 5473 ; 5187 . After nó: dia mbé do náma i ngorta . . . nó din dia mbé a n-ittaid, 6043 . doforne sin .i. na tri hetargna . . . no din na trí dána, 7082 . demin leo co mbad comthoitim dóib nó d.¤ inní robíad de co mbad hé a tigerna fén dofáethsad ann, TBC-I¹ 2433 . cia conualaind-se mo charpat ┐ Oen ara Conaill d.¤ ina charput and O. in his chariot as well, 3525 . docer la M. dā fer dēac dīibsom ┐ dā fer dēac dia muinter-som d.¤ , 2904 . adcomaing cach fer dīb biur n-indam-sa, adcomchusa a mbiur-sa tria cechtar de -seom d.¤ , 2826 . nicon bia a mbethaid, or seiside. Nicon bia-so d.¤ it bethaid, ol C. then you will not live either, 2771 . ni maith dait, or C., na leigi da marbad . . . Ni maith doibsom d.¤ epert ind uilc frimsa, 2780 . nir lam [Cairend] in mac do gabail cuici . . . ┐ nir lam didu nech do feraib Herenn a breth leis, RC xxiv 190 . In adversative sense, however: dolēicsed dūnad iarsin do M. ┐ ní gegain-side d.¤ nech dībsom, TBC-I¹ 2906 . dorad seirc dia leasmac .i. do Chorc; ro op d.¤ Corc a coimlebaid, Lec. 454c15 . Muineamon mac Cais . . . Is de sin aderar Muineamon .i. main for muinclaib. Maine Mór d.¤ robe a cétainm, Cóir Anm. 10 . Confirming a foregoing statement: dóig lim rombad hē Cethern mac Fintain; ┐ ba fīr sōn d.¤ and this was indeed the case, TBC-LL¹ 2761 . doringelt Cūrūi dōsom nād bīad . . . Dognith d.¤ and he kept his word too, 2967 . bid les . . . in forlāmus ┐ rīgi nĒrenn ōn uair-se amach. Ba fīr ón didu it turned out true too, RC xxiv 202 . an fil ceithern acut? Atát diu I have (indeed), SG 62 . tabraid cáirde na haidche anocht damsa! Dobéram diu, 56 . Common in statement, question, or command to connect with something already expressed or implied: Mait[h] didiu, a Bélchú well now, B., Death-tales of the Ulster heroes 40 . airg d.¤, ol M., conris Síth Lethet go then, Imr. Brain i 53 . cid dia tutchad diu? why then hast thou come? RC xii 74 . cest diu, caidhe mo airrle-si l(u)at? ib.

(d) Often used to denote temporal sequence, then, thereupon: is iarum foruirmed mind nAileillo forsin coirthi. Fōbair-som d.¤ in coirthi, TBC-I¹ 2883 . is iarum conmelt foroib . . . Focheird d.¤ a sciath ina diaid . . . Roiadh in slōg imbi-som iarum, conmelt som d.¤ foraib, 2889 , 2891 . gabaid L. ríge nhErenn . . . Gabaid ríge nAlban iarsin . . . Gabaid d.¤ L. ríge Gall, LL 311b1 ff. rofoildsic Dia dosam sin . . . condubairt sa rann-so d.¤ , RC xxxiii 354 . etha ó hAilill co Ferchess . . . Fóidis d.¤ Ferchis, Fianaig. 38 . fri re Aeda genfius Tibraiti . . . Et cid bīas and d.¤ (iarsin, v.l.)? ol B. and what will follow? ZCP ix 457 .

n o, m. n s. in t-ech , Metr. Dinds. iii 454 . v s. a eich , TTebe 3494 . g s. ind eich , Metr. Dinds. iii 456 . eich, FB 69 etc. eith, IGT Decl. p. 115 n. 15 , 116 n. 19 . (g s. ech, Aen. 446 etc. is probably only a spelling variant). d s. eoch FB 31 . LL 47b10 . each, YBL 8a4 . n p. ind eich , ZCP viii 106.23 . ind hich , Ériu vi 134.21 . na heich , 135.49 . TBC-LL¹ 1246 . eit, Lec. 376a15 , 22 = Leb. Cert. p. 74 , 76 . eochu Lism. L. 562 . g p. ech, Ml. 16b12 . 43d1 . IT i 125.14 etc. a p. eochu, TBC-LL¹ 1244 . FB 39 . (as n p. Lism. L. 562 ). eocho, TBC-LL¹ 1134 . TBC-I¹ 700. TTebe 1382 . eocha (v.l. echu) Trip. 144.10 . ZCP viii 106.25 . TTebe 1083 etc. ech, Triads 236 . d p. echaib, TBC-LL¹ 1344 . Metr. Dinds. iii 454 . eachaibh (: beathaidh), TD 25.25 . eochaiph, BNnÉ 239 § 169 . a du. dá ech , FB 45 . ZCP viii 106.20 . See IGT, Decl. § 171 .

A horse (incl. mare or gelding) genly. of chariot or saddle-horse, dist. from capall: iomad capall, beaccan d'eachaibh, AFM iii 558.2 . The common use of the fem. pron. with ech in certain contexts implies that mares were preferred for riding or driving (but see CMCS xxiii 89 ); the masc. decl. of the word is however always retained. ainm fuasnada... ech the name of a perturbation of horses (ref. to fremitus = `neighing') Ml. 16b12 . cēt n-ech srianach, IT i 125.14 . eich uaibhreacha, TSh. 5963 . ni madriadsam ar n-echa we had better never have tamed our steeds Triads 236 . nach ech riadar isin domnach is ech tened bís hi ngabul a marcaig a n-iffirn, Ériu ii 194 . in t-ech boi fona carpat RC xii 346.24 . na dá ech filet fón charput, FB 45 . léic na eocho ar férgeilt, TBC-LL¹ 1134 . ar eoch ard on a high steed RC xx 10 § 7 = LL 47b10 . ic dul ar a ech mounting his horse Cog. 144.15 . dochuaidh ar a each ar fud sráide an longphuirt rode his horse Keat. iii 3128 . do ling...ar a each, 3227 . éirghidh ar bhar n-eachaibh, 3228 . each fae a horse under him Laws ii 154.18 Comm. LL 303a31 . má tá...gur chuiris srian | rem each... | cia an neach dar dolta ar a druim | dá socra each gan udhuim, Timth. 1917 VII iii 43 . eich dá ngníomh `exercising of steeds' TD 11.20 . eich...ag dol i gcoimhling, 11.12 . muilenn im-tai ech, O'Mulc. 816 . Interchanging with gerrán : fúacrais Ercoil comlond dó féin ┐ dá eoch forro...marbais gerran Ercoil ech Loegairi, FB 69 . indara hech ..ocus sē lugaid...in t-ech aile ocus sé casmongach TBC-I¹ 1975 . With fem. pron.: tainic each Colmáin...go M...┐ do chuir fona carpat féin í, BNnÉ 239 § 69 . is isi an t-ech oirdherc, B IV 2, 95a = O'Gr. Cat. 488 . ba suaichnich am egcosc inn eich sin .i. gabair gormglasa...is cuma conriadad si muir ┐ tir, TTebe 2282 . co tuiced int ech a n-ebairt-sium ria ┐ ro an ris ┐ dochuaid-sium fuirri 3498 . D. do mharbhadh dia eoch fein ag cor crú fuirre AFM iv 900.8 .

Attrib. gen.: tána eich , LL 295b35 = SG 361.24 .

In O'Dav. 501 the correct reading is probably: in cullach eich (as in F) the stallion , cf. the compd. ech-cullach below.

Defined by follg. adj. or gen. subst.: ech aige `a race (?)- horse' (i.e. for chariot-racing?) Laws v 406.6 . luaithe ech aighe nem medon mīs míthime .i. comluath é ┐ int ech innṡaighther isin aenach a mī medhonach int samraid, Anecd. v 25. 7 . cf. ech fri aige, dam fri har, Laws i 122.10 . e.¤ bagáiste baggage-horse: dona hechaibh bagaisde, Rel. Celt. ii 198 (Bk. of Clan R.). e.¤ anríata an unbroken horse : LL 302a22 . e.¤ bretnach a British (Welsh) horse: ór derg tuarastul in trír | ra taeb ech mbretnach mblathmín, LL 49b6 . in t-ech bretnach (sufficient ransom for a life), Laws v 438.8 Comm. (cf. 220.22 ). MacCongl. 45.16 . AU 1029 = AFM ii 818 . e.¤ buada a winning horse: is ech buada dar mag reid | fer adcosnaid flaith Dé máir, LL 284b42 . conacatar marcach for each mbuadha, RC x 62 z . Lism. L. 2090 . e.¤ crainn wooden horse : Fiacha Figente ... is ē do-rōinde an each crainn ro-n-acht iarum a nĀenach Colmān, Corp. Gen. 230 (152a10 n. a-a) ​= qui fecit equm ligneum​​​​. e.¤ crannda wooden horse : i mbroind in ech cranda, Aen. 446 . e.¤ díla a charger (?) see díl. e.¤ gerr `gelding' BColm. 88.9 ; 90.16 . e.¤ imchair a saddle-horse, riding-horse: m'each iomchuir ag triall ré tal | dob ionchuir srian dá seoladh (sic leg.) Timth. 1917, VII iii 43 . Contrasted with e.¤ díla: an t-each díola nach díol damh | 's an t-each iomchair gan iomchar (sic leg.) Tribes of Irel. 48 . e.¤ immrimme `a riding steed' Laws iv 308.22 (opp. to capul fognuma) ii 160.19 . Cf. i n-imrim do eich .i. sliastai, i 168.11 . each fae i n-aimsir imrime, ii 154.18 . e.¤ riata a broken-in or trained horse FB 31 . .l. each riata la C. fri har ┐ trebad in talman, Fél.² lxi (Mar. 5) tri heich duba daigriata, Lec. 378da 22 = Leb. Cert. 160 . Cf. riagh éineich san bfaithchi, one of the services which Lugh offers to perform at Tara, Ridgeway Essays 326 § 32 , see note. e.¤ sliasta riding-horse Laws iv 322.8 . i 168.11 . e.¤ uisci a water-horse (a goblin): ech usci robói isind loch, Triads 236 . RC xii 346 , 348 . e.¤ uiscide: eich uscide, Alex. 679 (usci BB) crocodiles (?).

COMPDS.

ech-adba? in carbad fuil i n-eachadhbadhaib na n-ech sin, ZCP viii 549.29 (= TBC-LL¹ 1815 v.l.).

¤adbul mighty in horses: i nhErind hechadbail, ZCP viii 270.12 .

¤ba: see echba.

¤bachlach horse-boy, groom (?): n p.; nícon bia acht eachbachlaich uait (a malediction), Ériu viii 157.33 .

¤bán white of steeds, having white steeds: cétrí Herenn echbáne, LL 127a39 (= MacCarthy 150 ).

¤bél horse-mouth, horse-lipped , as npr. or epithet: Echbēl mac Dedad, ScM. 7 . Echde Echbél, ZCP ix 191.1 (= Ériu ii 32 ). co Eochu Echbél, RC xxvi 8 = LL 186a13 . cland Echach Echbeóil, LL 138a37 (see Thurn., Heldensage 443 ). Dinds. 53 . Erge Echbél, ZCP viii 326.5 .

¤breth horse-judgement: i n-echbrethaib Áine, O'Dav. § 813 . ¤buide having yellow steeds: Iubdán mac Abdaein echbuide, SG i 249.25 . ¤cairptech : a crích Umaill echcairpdig, LL iii 20469 . ¤cenn: horse-headed: Eochaid Eachcend, BB 44b31 . ¤cullach stallion: im echccullach for eochu .i. i naimsir echmarta, Laws i 144.4 . ¤cummascda centaur, horse-mongrel: popul torathardha na Centauri ┐. na nEchcumusccda .i. each ┐ duine a cummascc aenpersainne inntip, CCath. 3839 (possibly na n-ech c., and not a compd.). ¤dian of swift steeds: g s m. m. Ailill echdéin, RC xx 140 . ? ¤díle ? bíastai granni dracondai cucund dofutitis | tréna a n-amainsi echdíli cíadcutís, LU 114b17 (Siaburch. om. Anecd. iii 54 - 5 ). ¤dillat horsecloth: marcach for each...eachdillat maith cumtachta foa suidhiu , RC x 62 z . eochdillat, Aen. 2112 . ¤donn having brown steeds: a secht Chind Ḟáelad echduind, LL iii 15296 . ¤flesc rod, horsewhip (cf. 1 echlasc): dobert béim dind echfleisc dó, SCC 8 . ech a cengal die echfleisc, RC xiii 7.14 . pn ¤lúath mounted on, or possessing swift steeds: as epithet: Conall Echlúath, Cóir Anm. 163 . Rawl. 145d38 . ¤mairc: see echthres s.v. ech. ¤mairt covering a mare: doluid [in cullach]...co mbói eter scuru Enna Aignig do saigid echmarta, Dinds. 107 . i n-aimsir echmarta, Laws i 144.5 Comm. ¤míne tameness of steeds: rob iarla co n-echmine possessing tame steeds (?) BB 59a6 . ¤mór great in steeds, rich in steeds: flathius Mael Sechnaill echmóir, Arch. Hib. ii 85 § 46 = LL 185a49 . ¤raite horse-road: doronad fri echraite mendoto a medon, EIF 538 § 1 . ¤réid: see eichréid. ? ¤réim (¤dréim) horse-riding (mounting horses ?): echréim (MS. echdreim) ┐ cor cloiche, Celtica viii 142.18, cf. 149 . ¤rúad having ruddy steeds: dá degmac Ebir echrúaid, LL i 299 . ¤rúathar: aimsir echruathair (one of the seasons in which roads are cleansed), Corm. Y 1082 ; as npr. m.: Echrúathar, BDD 117 . ¤semmar a plant name, horse-clover: maculta treisfolium (maculatum trifolium?) .i. in eachṡemar, RC ix 237 . echṡemmar, LB 101 m. inf. corona regia .i. an eachṡeamar 23 K 42, 415 = Academy 1896, 406b . g s. eachṡeimri, Med. MS . ¤srian bridle: coīcait n-echsrian, ZCP viii 310.22 . Laws iv 326.11 , 328.9 . ¤tháid horse-thief: ní ria a enech...ar echu echthadat he shall not sell his honour for the steeds of a horse-thief ZCP xi 86 § 43 . co luga echthádat, Tec. Corm. § 27.15 . im loingsechaibh ┐ im echtadait ┐ im macu tiri, Laws i 160.2 Comm. echtaitiu (a p.) iii 22.18 Comm. n p. echtáide (sic leg.) Laws ii 270.5 , ZCP xx 480 . ecthaighe, ii 270.5 Comm. ¤thress a horse-contest, horse-race: tucait...dá ech... i n-ech-thress curad, Metr. Dinds. iv 126 . bla each echtres ....i. slan dona hechaib in tres echda doniat eturru budein `horse-fight' Laws iii 294.15 . co ndernad óenuch ┐ echtressa leo ann, IT i 128.15 (corresp. to: ic gním óenaig ech-thressa, Metr. Dinds. iii 350 ). oegidacht Úa nDrona de | ocus ech-thress Ossairge (proverbial expressions?), Metr. Dinds. iii 22 . Dinds. 18 . echtres Ratha Line, BB 268a24 (= echrais, Leb. Cert. 22 ). Cf. echtres .i. echmairc, O'Dav. 805 .

n t, in the later lang. often err (earr) chariot-fighter , later also in wider sense, champion, warrior: eirr (gl. curruum princeps) Thes. ii 231.6 . ni [leg. is ?] sain earr (.i. gaisgeadheach) agus arae (.i. giolla), 23 C 30 25 = Hard. ii 298 (Ode to Brian na Múrtha). err .i. trenḟer LL 43a11 . earr no err .i. gaisgeadhach, O'Cl. do suidhiu ind erred isin charput as nomen a fochlæ, Corm. Y p. 59. 24 . err oencharpait, TBC-I¹ 3388 . ré n-erredaib ri oencairptib, FB 35 . errid Ulad inna carptib (v.l. eirrith) IT i 136.7 . bam eirr-se ┐ bam ara, LL 121a5 = RC iii 178.28 . eter araid ┐ errid, IT i 325.27 = ZCP iii 236. 21 . doreblaing ind err gascid ina chathcarpat, TBC-I¹ 1965 . ar-clistis errid no chantais filid ar-sentis crutire the champions performed feats IT i 310.7 = LU 121b5 . ind errid ┐ ind láith gaili, FB 70 . dingbaim cach n-errid IT i 325.19 ; 142.8 . fiad nUlad errathaib, TBC-I¹ 3561 . arrunnutaing errethaib he has refreshed us champions IT i 141.15 . trian rofacaibsead dia n-erethaib, Ériu ii 30. 25 . in cét n-erred n-armach, Metr. Dinds. iii 250.110 . dá imdai déc in dá erred déc Ulad, FB 2 . In names of feats: léim dar néim ┐ filliud eirred náir, TBC-LL¹ 2106 . leim tar neib ┐ derbfillead ┐ erraid nair, YBL 125b46 . focheird cor n-íach n-eirred de, FB 87 . 51 . 24 . Anecd. ii 57.5 . (n-erride). See TBC-LL¹ p. 281 . da niad, da anruith, da eirrgi (v.l. erridh) iarthair Eórpa, TBC-LL¹ 3768 . battar dí eirrigh (v.l. da miligh) i conflicht fri aroile, BNnÉ 10.6 . na milid ┐ na herredha (v.l. herraid) āigh, CCath. 5840 . láith gaile ┐ errid ┐ cathmilid, Alex. 263 . do marbadar na hEristinigh acht ēn eirredh amāin, Fier. 106 . ba himda...acu-sum earr óg ágmar...gan filliud, MR 224.17 . Murchadh...err ghaisccidh Gaoidhel AFM v 1636.9 (but these two exx. and similar ones should perhaps be taken as fig. use of 1 err). Cf. cor airgsed in caislen ┐ ro marbsad Ricard Plemendach in Gall rob eir and `the foreigner who was commander therein' RC xviii 296.7 .

n io, [n. ?.] (< fo-desse, Stokes, O'Dav. 841 )

(a) the right, south, south side or part: faitsi an desscert, Corm. Y 655 . faitse .i. an deisceart; clanna Neill in fhaitse .i. clanna N. an deisceirt, O'Cl. co sernar tech rig ? amuis ríg hi foitsiu `what is the arrangement of a king's house ? The bodyguard of the king are on the south' Laws iv 338.9 . cuslennaigh ... a n-airt[h]iur ḟoitsi `south-east' ib. 14 . gaibthiut co firu fochlae i faitse, Rawl. 132a16 = hi foidse, Ériu iii 137 - 74 (rhet.).

(b) the charioteer's seat on the right hand side of a chariot (oppd. to fochlae): batar sinde riadatar a fochlai fria faitsi .i. do suidhiu ind erred isin charput as nomen a fochlae; faitsi immorro ainm do suidhiu ind arad, Corm. Y 698 . O'Dav. 841 (s.v. fochlu). Hence

(c) a high-seat or seat in general (?): fochla didiu cach suidiu n-a[i]rechda; faitsi cach n-airide, Corm. Y 698 . ( ... faitsi gach n-airide nó gach imdae, O'Dav. 841 ). Cf. 1 fochla.

n io, n. g s. ind ḟochlai , AU 913 (i 428) . ind fochli , 821 . ind ḟochla , LL 134b31 . ind Fochla , AU 865. d s. usually fochla or fochlai, see exx. below; fochlu, LL 124b40 . BDD 74 Y (ḟocluí LU). Laws iv 338.15 . A compd. of fo + clé `left' Pedersen Vgl. Gr. i 68 , hence

I The North (cf. faitse, and W. gogledd `North,' ZCP xiv 323 ), esp. the North of Ireland: f.¤ an tuascert, Corm. Y 654 . a fochlai Erend ō Tuaig Inbir RC xiii 222.33 (= a tuaiscert lethe Erenn, O'Curry, MS. Mat. 473 ). Níal ind ḟ.¤ N. of the North Todd Nenn. 252 ( LL 134b31 ). ri Ulad ... hi cetlud rig Fochla (i.e. the king of Ailech), Ériu v 232.25 (i c. fri fochlai v.l.). roslat uile longportu Gall (.i. airir ind Fochla) etir cenel nEugain ┐ Dal nAraide, AU 865 . sloghedh la Flann ... isa f.¤ cor innred leis Ardd Macha, 881 (= isin F.¤ , AFM 879 ). sloghadh isin F.¤ la Donnchad, AU 770 . The name was also given to territories in N. Meath, see Hog. Onom., and in Clare, Top. Poems 112.5 (= Carney, Butler Poems 1377 ) and n . Cf. gaibthiut co firu fochlae i faitse, Rawl. 132a16 (= foichle hi foidse, Ériu iii 137.74 ).

II Transf.

(a) the seat of honour in a king's or chief's hall; perhaps an earlier use than the follg., pointing to a primitive arrangement like that in the old Icelandic house, where the seat of honour was in the middle of the northern bench facing south. Cf. Laws iv 338.15 (describing arrangement of a king's banqueting-hall): cuslennaigh ... a n-airt[h]iur ḟoitsi. isinn leth eliu a fochlu fénnid `his champion's seat' (`on the other side, in the north, a man at arms', MacNeill PRIA xxxvi C 16. 306 , see n . ib.; Plummer suggests reading: isin leth chliu a fochlu feinnid[a] `on the left is his champion's seat (MS. notes s.v.). Binchy, Críth G. 591 , prints: ailiu, i fochlu, which agrees with MacNeill's rendering, but compare the exx. of f.¤ feinneda below). i nairt[h]iur fochlai `on the east side of the champion's seat' ib. (= Críth G. 597 , `in the north-east' Vocab. s.v. airther). f.¤ nomen do suidhe na flatha, Corm. Y 656 . f.¤ didiu cach suidiu n-a[i]rechda, 698 . fochlu ... nomen primsuidhe ina himda, O'Dav. 841 (citing Corm. Y 698 , see (b) below). ar síul ar belaib fochlu .i. ar crann siu[i]l ┐ i n-airidhiu ib. f.¤ fó .i. suidhe flatha no tighearna, O'Cl. In older literature, however, the name seems to have been given not to the king's (or chief's) seat but to that of his champion or chief man at arms; hence generally called f.¤ fénneda (possibly in these exx. the word is of different origin; cf. 2 fochla). [f]ochla (féinneadh), IGT, Decl. § 2 (m.; n p. fochla, -dha). It seems to have been usually opposite the king's seat; dobrethsat póca do Choin Culainn ┐ rafucsat leo dond ḟochlai ḟennida, RC xiv 426x . ra innis [Cú Chulainn] do Chonchobur ┐ sé san ḟochlai ḟennida na ḟiadnaisi, LL 263b12 ( MU² 229 ; the pron. sé presumably refers to Cú Chulainn). dochonnairc C. raet rob ingnad leis isin tigh n-ola .i. ingen ... isin [ḟ]ochla ḟéinned, Acall. 3251 . isind fhoclúi féinnida in tige fri enech ríg isind leith anall BDD 74 U (ḟochlu Y). Later heroic romance speaks of more than one f.¤ fénneda: tainic Ferccus ┐ do thóccaibh [sic leg.] a arma os a chionn isin ḟ.¤ ḟeinnidh ┐ tainic M. isin f.¤ ḟeinnidh oile ar ionchaibh Ferccusa, ITS v 84.9 (cf. isin fochla thuaiscertach tige ib. 6 ). san f.¤ fheinned a n-imdaid na hursand ... san fh.¤ fheinned isan iar[sh]lis ar a n-agaid, Celt. Rev. i 296 . See also cit. from O'Cl. under 2 fochla. Cf. fuaim iar fochlu (= fame according to precedence in valour or dignity ? throughout the north ?) LL 124b40 (chev.). Fig. of a champion: fo fer Fergus ... f.¤ do rígaib mac Rosa, Celt. Rev. ii 20 . Cf. flaith .i. fochla, Thr. Ir. Gl. 19 ( LB 267a12 ). This not in Corm. Y or M, and is perhaps corrupt. In: fochlu .i. feinnidh, O'Dav. 841 , the latter word is probably gen. depending on fochlu.

(b) Incorrectly interpreted by glossators as the warrior's seat in a chariot ( Ériu xxi 94-98) : bátar sinde riadatar a fochlai fria faitsi .i. do suidhiu ind erred isin charput as nomen a fochlae, Corm. Y 698 s.v. gaire. O'Dav. 841 .

v ā shuts up, closes: trí glais foríadat rúine, Triads 203 . foriadthar in loc sin for diabal, BNnÉ 64.1 . Concludes: sluag Iuil ... fortn-íada ard áge, Fél. July 31 . mí Mái ... di prím-ḟéil fortn-édae (-iadae v.l.) `thou shalt close it' May 31 . Fig. in legal sense: flaith foradnaisg, ase foriadha, Ériu xiii 21.27 = flaith foridnaisc isi foridiada .i. deroisci, O'Dav. 1089 . atat rudrada ... foriadhat dilsi cach selba (`i.e. prescription in certain cases is a bar to claims' Plummer, Slips), H 3.18, p. 231a ( O'Curry 422 ). cis lir fola foran-iadat dilsi cacha sealba as na tindaigtear cid diubairt?, Laws v 500.9 (the gloss: fir-iadus, shows that the verb is a compd. here). Cf. eibirt nemda, for a niada comscribeann deoda, 450.3 . as sruithiu naidm i suidhiu, ar foriada side forsa ndliged, ZCP xiii 22.33 [`sperrt das "Soll" ein (macht es belanglos)' Bürgschaft § 31 ]. athgabail for-n-iatar i n-ecnairc nech `a distress that has been taken' (impounded ?) Laws ii 124.28 Comm. , probably = ... forsa n-i., see íadaid.

nasalising prep. with dat. Forms: O.Ir. iar, ier; Mid. Ir. iar, ar: iar, Wb. 4a27 . Sg. 161b5 . érsná súthaib, Thes. i 5.33 . er, Sg. 197b10 . er cul Peter Apstel, Thes. ii 289.18 . ier, Thes. ii 240.20 , 24 (Ardm.). Hib. Min. 420 (H). CCath. 3475. Leb. Gab.(i) 88.x . ZCP viii 108.9 . Fl. Earls 166.16 . iar, Metr. Dinds. iii 170.27 . AFM vi 2372.17 . ar, Maund. § 11. Fl. Earls 178.9 .

With article: sg. iarsin tairgiriu, Wb. 19c3 . iarsin chumung, 16c19 . iarsind urd, Fél. Prol. 279. iarsind aeor, SR 2134. iarsint ṡligi, ScM. § 1.13 . íarsin muir, Imr. Brain § 32. īarsan abaind, Ériu ii 22.20 . pl. érsná súthaib, Thes. i 5.33 . iarsna reaib, Laws iv 230.z . iarnaib ... bliadnaib, 176.5 . iarsna saethraib, ACL iii 10.14 .

With pron. suff.: s. 2 iarmut, Ml. 70c15 . s. 3 m. and n. íarum q.v. (used only adverbially). Later O. and Mid. Ir. iarma, TBC-I¹ 1455. PH 7121 , 5654 . íarma: (bliadna), Todd Lect. iii 154 § 3. iarmu, IT i 120.30 . iarmo, PH 4673. pl. 3 iarmaib, SR 4776. IT iii 70 § 23.

With poss.: s. 1 arnam crádh, IGT Decl. ex. 223. arn-am choimmeas, TSh. 328. s. 3 m. and n. iarna hiris, Wb. 5c24 . íarna míad, Críth G. 83. air na chruthughadh, Donlevy 58.27 . f. iarna beím, ScM. § R 18 . pl. 1 iarnar sóirad, Wb. 14c7 . íarnar n-imchosait, LU 8080. pl. 2 íar far toimtin-si, Wb. 20a14 . pl. 3 iarna ndichennad, LU 9018.

With rel. (no ex. in O. Ir. Glosses): in sét iarsa tancatar, PH 7036. na da bethaid iarsa fhognann ..., 3546 .

Folld. by acc. instead of dat.: iarsin mbaigse, Fél. Ep. 315 v.l. iarsin mbethaid sin, PH 4669. iarsna gnimu mora, 1399 .

I Of time.

(a) Folld. by subst., vn. or pron. after: mad slaán in ball iarna galar `after its sickness,' Wb. 12b11 . massu cut séitchi rocretis na scarad frit iar cretim `let her not part from thee after believing,' 10a29 . iar ndígbail in tinfith `after taking away the aspiration,' Sg. 9a16 . dia treise íar fócru on the third day after notice, Críth G. 84. iar compert din spirad naob, Mon. Tall. 127.11 . mairc damsa ría cách, mairg íar cách, BDD² 731. íar ndénum in brothchán do-bert a máthair dí, 66 . dósom ┐ dia manchaib iar n-a écc, Lat. Lives 24.13 . iar feis di la Eochaid, IT i 121.26 . iar tregtad a chridi na chlíab, TBC-LL¹ 2036. iarsin mbethaid-sin ... `post hanc uitam,' PH 4669. ar techtt do Séith o pharrdus mar a roibi a athuir fúair ar faghbáil báis é `he found him dead,' Maund. § 11. in tan ... at[c]onncatar na fogmoraigh iar caithem a shoighet é, Stair Erc. 594. an lá air na mhárach the following day, Donlevy 486.6 . in pāpa ar n-īc a ttinnscra the Pope having paid their dowry, Fl. Earls 178.9 . `on condition that': tug a anam do iar n-anmain aigi na oglach indraic co bas, Stair Erc. 2554.

(b) With various substantives denoting time: íar cind aimsire léicid Cormac ... `after a time,' BDD² 64. tuidecht i n-Érinn íar n-aimseraib cíanaib, Imr. Brain § 32. ticfa már-gein íar mbethaib `after ages,' § 26 . gabsat Érinn iar n-edaib (v.l. ndedaib)? `at intervals,' Metr. Dinds. iii 170.27 . dia ro goireadh O Neill iar ttrioll `who was afterwards styled O'Neill,' AFM vi 2372.17 .

(c) Combines with pronouns and some substantives to form adverbs: íar sin, íar sain then, thereupon, after that, thereafter: dutét iarsin dia chennadich `then he comes to his province,' Thes. ii 240.13 . at-chíusa íar sin sainslabra sainigthi remib then I see, BDD² 462. dogníthea airig doib íar sin comdar reachtaidi uile, 101 . deisidh C. ina suidhe iar sin thereupon , ScM. § R 13 . ní bu chían íarsin coráncatar tír inna mban, Imr. Brain § 62. ro fallsighed do cach ní no biad iarsin `all that would be thereafter,' RC xxiv 192.2 . íar sodain after that, then: scaraid B. friu iar sodain, LU 8155. conid iar sodain ro gab ina glaic, 9070 . lotor ass íarsodhain, Hugh Roe 20.4 . íar suidiu after this, hereafter: ránic Patricc iersuidiu `after this came Patrick,' Thes. ii 240.20 . lotar íarum dochum nAlban ┐ ortadar a n-orcain and, ┐ ath-ralsat íar suidhi dochum nÉrenn, BDD² 428. bá iar sudiu conacrad Ailill do Chonchobur, LU 8744. in cauradmir ... do fodail fón slóg uile innocht ┐ techt immi iar sudiu hereafter , 8214 . lotar deisell arnauárach go D.... Lotar īar suidhiu do cill Monach, ZCP viii 106.28 . íar sunn hereupon: is íar sunn doinscanat gráda inna flaithe it is after this that the noble classes begin, Críth G. 315. íar tain afterwards, then (may refer either to past or fut. time): ciasu iartain rocet `though it was sung afterwards,' Ml. 2b6 . gair biuc iartain `shortly afterwards,' Sg. 147a7 . ro soich in rí iartain dochum na hingeni afterwards the king went, IT i 120.15 . má adcetha Aircthech íar tain, Imr. Brain § 12. co ro thuismiset iar tain so that afterwards they begot, SR 2403. dús inn imgabaind iar tain | Coinculaind mac Sualtaig `um zu sehen, ob ich ... vermeiden könnte,' TBC-LL¹ 488. is and-side ro-m-adnaiced-sa fen iar-tain `where I myself was afterwards laid,' PH 1533. ro-ádnacht tra a dá ingen, in da noem óig iar cén máir iar-tain `his daughters, the two holy virgins, were buried long after,' 2565 - 6 . ba dércach trócar ... ernaigtech in tí Longínus iar-tain thereafter , 684 . ro scail Ercuil de iar d[t]ain `and then H. loosed him,' Stair Erc. 359. íar céin after some time: in chaingnímai aili is iarceín rofinnatar `it is after a time that the other good deeds are discovered,' Wb. 29a30 . ro aintadaigsetar iar cein | sil Seth ocus clann Caeïn, SR 2401. ri dorat Seth soer iarcein | d'Adaum inn-inad n-Abeil, 2009 . da-nid da leith don duine ┐ ni cluined co hiarcen `he would not hear it till long afterwards,' Aen. 1936. íarsind úair after a while, presently: is mo chendsa ceta-imchoichertthar and íarsind úair iter feirtsib carpat, BDD² 732. íar n-úair in turn: déca cach ingnad ar n-úair, LU 3605. do cach budin ar [n-]úair, 2025 . ni for amlesaib in tṡlúaig | ber-sa cach fordul ar n-úair, TBC-LL¹ 487. go smuainim iar n-uair Muire ar tonnaibh an taobhochta `then let me think of Mary ...,' Studies 1932, 433 § 5 .

(d)

(i) íar + vn. + gen. has the sense of a past participle pass. or, in ref. to future time, of a fut. perf. participle pass. The agent is introduced by do: hícc sochuide tre precept iarnar sóirad `after our deliverance,' Wb. 14c7 . iar nemfadbail fire daoine `when the tests of men have not been procured,' Laws iv 294.7 Comm. iarna breith `having been born,' Fél. Ep. 119. iar tarmthecht dún `after we had transgressed,' SR 1559. in ndaraig móir ... iarna beím dó asa fremaib, Sc.M² R §18. iar ngabail righe d'Eochaid, IT i 118.8 . ni boí occosom do chumachta a mbith beó iarna ndichennad when once they should be beheaded, LU 9018. íarnar n-imchosait do Bricrind after B. shall have set us at loggerheads, 8080 . in c[h]uid nār marbad dīb do bātar ar n-a crēchtnugad, ML² 386. ar ndol dó isteagh san gceardchain `after he had gone in,' TSh. 313. delb Iustiníanuis impir ... ar na órud ` gilded ,' Maund. § 8. ionmhuin troigh a-tá ar n-a goin that has been wounded, DDána 26 § 24. atá arna tionól sonna `here is gathered,' Studies 1919, 438 § 3 . in fínemhain iarna freacar `when cultivated,' Stair Erc. 496.

(ii) íar + vn. + gen. dependent on vn. has also the force of a past participle pass.: iar marbhadh a righ `their king having been slain,' Stair Erc. 738. ar caithem na mís sin doibh `after they had passed that month,' 1038 . iar forba in morgnima so do E. `after H. had completed,' 373 .

(iii) When the vn. is beith, íar mbeith means being: iar nembeith cethra nocho `when he has not cattle,' Laws iv 264.22 . iar mbeith ag teitheadh do A. `while A. was fleeing,' TSh. 999. air mbeith dhamh go tromdha, tuirseach I being ..., Donlevy 288.9 . ar mbeith F. uasa cinn `since Ph. was above him,' Stair Erc. 342.

II Of place.

(a) across, along used both of movement across and of position along (e.g. along the edge of ...): traigh a leithead tis iar n-ichtar along the bottom, Laws iv 112.4 . airtem a leithet a crui iar n-airthur `a fist with the thumb extended being the breadth of its fork in front,' (i.e. across the front), ii 238.15 . a crich iar fut, iar lethet in its length and breadth, SR 2640. do deochaid Moisi ... for teched ... | iar tírib, iar slichtib srath, 3735 . conḟacca Euá... | iarsind aeor do noebnim | tri heoin gela through the air, 2134 . oc techt īar fraīchrud Mide síar across the heath, ScM. § 20.5 . oc ascnom íar Slige Chúaland, BDD² 288. scéith ... co círbachlaib co n-esnadaib crédumai iarna tóebaib along the sides of them. TBFr. 40. foracabsat a lungai isin inbiur ┐ dodechotar iar tír, Lat. Lives 5.1 . conacci a dochum in fer isin charput íarsin muir, Imr. Brain § 32. dolluid Eogan ... iarsind ḟaidche, IT i 76.3 . dolinged míl mbec iarsin lind dochum a bél across the liquid?, LU 10598. saighet tenedh do thuidhecht iar fut Laighen across Leinster, AU i 476.7 . colg dét iarna chossliasait chlí along his left thigh, TBC-LL¹ 5287. clar airgit ... co n-aireccur ōir...fair...iar n-imechtair `along the outside,' CCath. 5232. íar n-oraib na long `along the edges of the ships,' TTr.² 893. robarta tond tūargabar īar tóib betha blāi, Ériu vii 2.25 . bleogan ... do lēcad īarsan abaind `adown the river,' ii 22.20 . a troigthi ar n-ichtur ┐ a n-aigthi ar n-uachtur, TTebe 3069 . d' faixin in chaislēin ier n-inmhedhón on the inside, Fl. Earls 108.x . 166.16 .

(b) beyond, on the farther side of: lodar ... siar co rangadar Teach nDuinn iar nErinn beyond Ireland, Anecd. i 18.6 . co rochtus iarum inis nGlúairi iar nIrrus Domnand, Ériu iv 140.15 . i Síd Nenta iar n-usciu, Metr. Dinds. ii 8.92 . iar múr amuig, i 4.35 .

íar cúl behind: a mbís iarna chúul dind séit `what part of the way lies behind him,' Wb. 24a17 . laech as deach fil íar cúl scéith i tír Hérend, BDD² 690. co cúala a ceól íarna chúl `behind him,' Imr. Brain § 2. ro cumrigthe a lláma iarna cúl behind her back, IT i 76.11 . ind raibi athcomarc lat iar do chúl ria tudechd húc `didst thou ask permission of those whom thou didst leave before coming hither?', Mon. Tall. 135.28 . cumma no ṡliged iarna chulaib ┐ ara belaib `behind him and in front of him', Ériu iv 30.6 . an droch-nós do bhí 'na dhúthaigh do chor ar gcúl `to put aside,' TSh. 359.

III Abstract meanings.

according to, in respect of, by reason of: iár fír ` truly ,' Wb. 16a7 . amal dondbeir do cách iarna hiris `according to his faith,' 5c24 . ar n-athir iar colinn gl. secundum carnem, 2b23 . iar ndoinacht, Ml. 17d3 . sech ba huaisliu intí forchongair iar n-aicniud `though he that orders were naturally the superior,' Sg. 161b5 . co mbí bés a thige and íarna míad, Críth G. 83. nad imdich dethbiri iar ndia ocus duine `which necessity does not save according to God and man,' Laws ii 2.7 . iar th'intliucht, iar do glanchéil, SR 1582. noda sloindet íarum iarna slontib fíraib, TBFr. 66. .ix. ngrad nime íarna cémennaib ┐ íarna n-urd, LU 1977. iar forcetul in apstail, PH 4179. ar sēna féin imm ar ndeilb cid iar fírinni bem though we be in the right, Mer. Uil. 9. bid iar cōir a ōegedecht, ACL iii 313 § 11. do for[ṡ]lontib Ulad īar coitchenn in general , ZCP viii 331.10 . gérbho soicenelach hé iar ccolainn ro bai soichenelcha iar menmain, RC xxv 390 § 3. do Fearaib Bolg iat iar ngenelach `by race,' Ériu ii 182.1 .

Of authority, source, etc.: iar n-arsidib `according to the ancients,' Sg. 57b1 . mad iar ceill Cirine `if after the opinion of Jerome,' Hib. Min. 291. iar foirinn aili `according to others,' BColm. 56.28 . iar n-Augustin, PH 6436.

IV= íarum: do haithleaghadh iar i dtriathfhuil Éirionnach, Ó Bruad. ii 144.18 . aithneas iar nár chéim crithre `then she learned ...,' 120.5 . Cf. iar .i. na dhiadh, O'Cl.

V Prefixed to nouns and adjectives, íar nasalises and has the meaning after , e.g. íarconn, íarngaes, íarmblas. A few examples show lenition, e.g. íarshliss.

For íarsindí see under 4 í.

v (a) goes or reaches around (trans.) : imasoich cruas ciuil cróich `loud melody reaches round the hill,' RC v 202.3 . slúag ard hErenn immasaig | im Ailill don Chruachanmaig, IT iii 520 § 7.

(b) seeks: im suidhiu imsegar fír fiadhna, O'Dav. 1488.

n ā, f. leas (na coisi), IGT Decl. § 39 (91.21) .

(a) buttock, hip, haunch ; very freq. in dual buttocks, posterior : coche no less gl. clunis, Sg. 67a14 . catas (crinas) .i. na lessa `the haunches', Gild. Lor. 176 . for di lis ṅgabra `on the haunches of the steed', Fél. 152.23 . ina suidhiu isin sneachta corici a dī leis, TBC-I¹ 1117 ( LU 5600 ). cen chnáim lessi . . . do brisiud, LU 6530 . congeib ó chond a leisi co holl a ochsaille, LL 189a46 . Cf. dar cuimgib a ll.¤ , Dinds. 1 § 8 . ubhall a leisi do dhol asa ionad cavitate sua excidit coxa, 23 K 42, 102.y . co ndechaid a uball asa leis don leim sin, D IV 2, 63rb11 . gluaisidh si cenn uachtarach na leisi a folmuigecht na leisi, ┐ in cnamha uachtaruigh `the upper end of the thigh-bone moves in the hollow of the upper bone', Rosa Angl. 318.13 . loigid in t-otar faon ┐ a [leasa] co hard, 244.6 (cuirem ard fo chorranaib a leas, v.l.). is edh is siética and .i. teindes bis isin leis, 318.8 . moṅg . . . fair co clár a dá leas the small of the back (?), Ériu iv 138.x . do ben legadh di, ┐ do briseadh cnaimh a lesi, BCC 272.28 (§ 267) (coxaque ejus in duas confracta est partes, Adamnan).

(b) thighs(?): ní tuidchid for lesa ban ┐ nícon gignethar [mac amne], Blathm. 19. Cf. clár da less .i. in loc as a teít ind nóidiu, LL 187b 56 (cf. RC xxvi 28 § 109n .). mac lessi, MacCongl. 33.23 (in comic pedigree).

(c) In verse loosely side, thigh : a fhir (a) legas an leac go trom / air leis mínghil mheic Domhnoill, 23 E 26, 274.35 mo leanabh óm leas do ládh (on the death of a son), 23 G 24, 324. 25 .

With ref. to animals: tuc a leis ria ais . . . / co Inis ṅGlais (of the Dond Cúalṅge bearing away the body of the Findbennach), LL 20960 (`buttock', Metr. Dinds. iii 372.93 ). Of the distribution of various joints of meat according to the status of the recipient: laarg do righ . . . colp[th]a ogtigern, cuind arad, l.¤ rigna, IT iii 188 § 10 . larac do rig . . . colpta octigerna, . . . l.¤ rigna, croichet fresabrattrig, Laws i 48.13 Comm . Cf. les-chrúachait below.

Compds. With nouns. ¤chrúachait the name of some portion of the rump variously said to be reserved for the queen, a rí ruirech, a deogbaire, etc.: righan ┐ ri ruireach: —les-croichte, Petrie's Tara 185 § 16 . tanaise suad leschruachait doib, LL 3648 . scolaige leschruachait doib . . . deogbaire leschruachait doib, 3643 - 4 . ¤druimm: name given to group of Ogham letters m g ng st s denoted by lines drawn at an acute angle across the `druimm' (basic line or solid angle of stone, etc.) and extending on each side of it, Auraic. 948. lesdruim .i. leas uait [┐ fris] cucut, no leatarsna darin druim bis aicmi muine, 988 . it e a n-airdi: deasdruim, tuathdruim, leasdruim, tredruim, imdruim, 948 . ¤lerg (?): dam derg . . . do bói a les-lergaib na Luachra swelling slopes (?), Acall. 2909 (`open lands', SG ii 176 ). ocht fichit findairge . . . i les-lergaib na Luachra, 5986 (`pastures', 239 ).

With adjj. ¤baccach lame: a tri náimhde tuathchaecha lesbaccach[a] leisbréna, Acall. 6248 . ¤brén see above. ¤chora (variant of 2 cara): la táeb … leaschorach 'together with… hips and haunches' Celtica xiii 7.33 . ¤lethan wide in the haunch: ech líath lesslethan, LU 8659 ( FB 49 ).

n io, n. With fem. pron. (innti), PH 2640 . IGT Verbs § 74 . Vn. of saidid.

I

(a) act of sitting, sitting down : techt ┐ tairisem ┐ s.¤ , Ml. 15a1 . ind suidi gl. sesionis, 15a7 . trissa s.¤ gl. per cathedrae autem sesionem, 15a13 . huan suidiu biuc gl. modica sesione, 135a14 . indaas bid s.¤ garait nosessed, 135a13 . nipo accobor lassin feir nopridchad s.¤ , Wb. 13a20 . eter s.¤ nō shessam, Hy. i 3 ( Thes. ii 300.1 ). siasair s.¤ eōin i nailt `she sat the seat of a bird on a cliff', Hy. v 1 ( Thes. ii 327 ). díles s.¤ ┐ fhreslige [n-]indi (sc. imdae), Críth G. 234 . iter cerchailli ┐ gaimniu suidi for sitting on, 404 . día s.¤ for deis dé athar ind nim (of Christ), Hib. Min. 323 . is hé in s.¤ itberar doib .i. a mbith cobsaid nemcumscaigthi in hulc (expl. of sedentibus), Trip.² 40 . nicon fordamar s.¤ nó ligi do fir díob `to sit or lie down', Mon. Tall. 85 (162.26) . ? condot rudi sudi n-óg, LU 3529 ( SCC 28 ). cach n-imresain bís isin tig im shudi nó ligi, BDD² 791 . ? lamh ina brollach, no suige accud dia ndama cin apud no cin anudh naile, Laws ii 88.20 Comm . grith s.¤ `the shout of sitting down', Triads 99 . is bean do chloinn etig duine | doní in s.¤ salach (sala, MS. and ZCP xviii 204.30 ), RC xlvii 363 (equated with the `Siege Perilous' of the Grail legend, p. 365 ff . ). leicidh suidhi dhamh let me sit down, ZCP xi 40.z . an sgol nua suil do ní suidhe before the new school sit down, L. Cl. A. B. 201.145 . ag suidhe siar `reclining', TD 25.8 . deireadh suidhte the lowest seat, O'Rah. xxxii 11 . an céd ionad suidhe, Matthew xxiii 6 . Perh. with trans. force in: maith do suidhe dabach mór good at placing great vats (of Cormac mac Cuilennáin), Irish Texts iii 10 § 9 . cāithiugud .i. s.¤ fri cāith .i. a samuil ┐ a chondailg fri cāith placing beside, comparing with (?), Corm. Y 217 .

(b) Extended meanings: M. . . . do shuidhe i n-easpogoideacht Chonneire entered upon the bishopric of C., AFM ii 1018.8 . an smúaintir duine don druing | do shuidhe ós cnuaistreibh Ch.? to rule over, L. Cl. A. B. 268.16 . suidhe i bhfód shealbha a shinnsear, 167.34 . suidhe fa chaislén na deircce dhó `he laid siege to Castlederg', AFM v 1284.14 . rorog fóir fri fir-s.¤ to settle in (?), Metr. Dinds. iv 318.6 . ná duine dá síol . . . | do shuidhe dhíobh 'na dhúthoigh settle, TD 18.24 . cine . . . do ghreamuigh . . . ionadh suidhe dóibh féin `settlement', Keat. ii 895 .

(c) With prep. I and (usually) poss. adj. seated, in a sitting position (as opposed both to standing and lying): ar menmuin ind fir bíis inna suidiu ┐ adreig, Wb. 13a12 . i suidiu when sitting, Críth G. 235 . cach gabal tra i ssuidiu araile hi sesam isamlaid canitir `every (other) division is sung sitting, the next standing', Mon. Tall. 31 (140.4) . fer mór inna sudiu occaib, LU 1750 . co fuarusa hé sin char[n]d | ina sudi mílib arm, 3671 ( SCC 33 ). ┐ iat i n-a s.¤ (of persons), PH 1084 . comeirghe do denumh ime cein beit (beith?) a suidiu, Laws ii 194.13 Comm . glossing ureirge, 2 (see ZCP xv 240 ). sē lā sūas ina suidhi | diá domnaig 'na sīrlaighi `standing up' (of trees), Ériu iii 145 § 26 . maith atá sí ina suidhe | idir fhairrge is fhiodhbhuidhe situated, TD 28.34 . baile ina raibhe comhuirle na hEirin na suighe in session, Rel. Celt. ii 204.37 . a ngar do beith a suighi almost in a sitting position (of sleep), Reg. San. col. xxiii 22 .

With various verbs: atraig C. ina sudi sits up, LU 3330 ( SCC 12 ). co ndesitar in tslúaig inna sudi sat down, LU 8274 ( FB 21 ). deisidh L. ina shuidhe ina lebaid, Sc.M² 9 R . desidar na suidi, RC xxiv 202.2 . gabhaid cách 'ga gcur 'na suidhe `all began to seat themselves', TD 11.24 . [Pedar] ar ar chuir Criosd a Eaglas 'na suidhe founded, Parrth. Anma 98.6 ( Luc. Fid. 53.18 ). cuiris F. scola 'n-a suidhe `established', Keat. ii 79 . do chuiredh chomuirle choguidh na suighe san bhall sin `a council was held', Rel. Celt. ii 180.27 . tarrla benn a bruit fa chois chlí, co tarrla 'na suidhi hé, Comp. CC 90.y . tug 'na suidhe cóig críocha | móid shíotha fhuile Fh. pacified, TD 10.36 . téit Ō. ina s.¤ sits down (goes to his seat?), Sc.M² 10 .

II

(a) seat: atá a s.¤ indisin i nnim gl. in caelo sedes eius, Ml. 30b28 . is tre fhír flathemon fo-gaib cach dān mochto inna shuidiu íarna sáethur `in ihrem Sitz' (i.e. seat of honour), ZCP xi 82 § 24 (cf. 93 § 24 ). ? Of the seat in a chariot: tairsiu isin creit cumachta lasin suidi ngríanda, LU 3892 ( SCC 40 rhet.). batar na mnaa ina suidib for dou na hEmna in their seats, IT i 76.2 . gabais cách a shuidi is tig, BDD² 525 . gabsat na trí Deirg a suidiu, 526 . s.¤ cumang for achad `a narrow seat', Triads 64 . s.¤ fichet co ba secht seating for seven score (descr. of a house), ZCP viii 108.20 .

With qual. gen.: bid fir lāma dergi ina suidedaib apad `red-handed men will be in their abbots' seats', BColm. 62.20 . s.¤ bri[th]emon gl. tribunal, Ardm. 187b1 ( Thes. i 498 ). isint suidhiu brethemon, ZCP xiii 179.4 . im lot do aibinne, Laws i 166.26 .i. do s.¤ dala, 170.15 Comm . (cf. dálshuide s.v. 2 dál). isin tsudiu faire at the look-out post, LU 9057 ( FB 81 ). ina shuidi lēigind, ZCP iii 35.11 . do shuidhe ríogh `thy royal seat' (i.e. palace), TD 20.55 (cf. rígshuide s.v. ríg-). na sudi selca hunting station, LU 9823 . suidhe seilge, DDána 118.24 . ergi as a shudi thigernais throne (of Pilate), PH 2640 . ag folach an tsuidhe thrócaire, Exodus xxv 20 .

(b) seat, posterior, buttocks in phr. with FO: atá íarum ┐ cathaír . . . fo a suidhiu seated in a chair, BDD² 1121 . tri eich derga foa suidib mounted on three red horses, LU 6781 . gabur dubglas fo suidi gach fir, ZCP iv 33.9 . Note also: na héignigh (sic leg.) go laidir do shuigi = nec cogas fortiter anum, Reg. San. col. xxvi 10 .

In nn. loc.: ata sude Patraic i nDumu Selcae, Lat. Lives 29.5 . lodar . . . co suighi Cheit a Līathdruim, ZCP xiii 170.5 .

Compd.: each . . . cona suide-dillait ordha for a muin `saddle-cloth', CCath. 4737 .