pron demonstrative relative, nasalising, that which, what . On the spelling á see Celtica ii 339 - 40 . Orig. neut. art., GOI § 473 (cf. 5 a). Combines with ro to form arro (in later lang. ar): arrolegais, Wb. 28d7 , but an- (the usual form before vowels) is also found: anrogadammar, Wb. 15c22 . anró gad, Trip.² 1370 . an ro-ráidis, PH 726 . an raibhe, Keat. ii 265 . In later language also spelt i n-: i n-atconnarc, LU 3322 . ind digní, Mon. Tall. 134.20 (§ 21) . Also ina n-: ina mboí, LU 8416 (H). ina fuaratar, Ann. Conn. 1235.13 . na n-: na tongat, Sc.M² 16 . na n-dingentar, TBC-LL¹ 6179 . na ndenaid, Auraic. 58 . In O.Ir. folld. by absolute and deuterotonic form of vb. a n-asbiur, Wb. 17d12 ; but later the conjunct and prototonic forms become common (see Bergin, Ériu xi 139 n.1 ): a taibred, Sc.M² 1 . a sir, Dán Dé xxiii 37 . a ndenat, PH 2858 . When the demonst. rel. is plural in meaning personal pronouns referring to it are plural: a n-as sīrem diib, Ériu ii 130 § 102 . The vb. may also be pl. a mbid . . . de neithibh, Desid. 5724 . a rabhadar do liagaibh cloch, Keat. ii 3504 . a bhfuilti corrtha those of you who are tired, Donlevy 216.6 .

Frequently cecha n- whatever, however much, etc., see cech.

(a) As nom.: an as suthin, Wb. 13d9 . anasberthar ho giun what is spoken, 5d14 . for nem a (an v.l.) conrúalae . . . as mó mílib míle, Fél. Ep. 25 . arrobúi isind tsaltir nuli the whole contents of the Psalter, Mon. Tall. 133.11 (§ 16) . a nas aithgin do airechaib feda iseadh is dire do athechaib feadha, Laws iv 152.5 Comm. seachnuim a mbí a n-éintigh, Desid. 6426 . a dtarla dá chóir, TSh. 762 .

(b) As accus.: á fil etarru what is between them, Wb. 27d19 . tuicci an gaibes in salm, 12d42 . a pridchimmeni what we preach, 15b14 . a forchongair do chomalnad, 5c23 . a ndogensa what I shall do, LU 8082 ( FB 6 ). tongu-sa a toinges mo thúath, MU² 928 . mā rosaigh a broth a n-rosaig a blas `if its broth attains what its taste attains', RC xii 86 § 91 . ar ordaigh an t-aingeal-sain, Dán Dé xiv. 14 .

(c) With follg. partitive DI: a ndudesta . . . di foirbthetu, Wb. 1a9 . a césme di cach imniud, 13c7 . anrofiugrad di Críst `what has been figured of Christ', 15a34 . a mbaī di mnāib . . . hi Cūailṅge, TBC-I¹ 868 . a nrobíth leis día slōgaib, 1657 . an fogebed in gilla di scothaib, Trip.² 365 . ni hairemthar ar' marbad do macaib rí, RC xviii 173.13 . With different order of words: a n-du imnedaib . . . fo-daimi, Ml. 55d11 . a ndo ligdath doadbat, Ériu ii 114 § 39 .

With copula and superl.: a n-as sirem diib `the longest of them', Ériu ii 130 § 102 . a n-romba dech do thimthagaib flatha fer nGaoidel the best of the garments . . ., Corm. Y 1059 . an-as dech foruaradar do echraidh in righ, Marco P. 35 . i mba fearr do cach berla ┐ a nba leithiu ┐ a mba caemu `what was best . . .', Auraic. 1053 . in rop messa día muintir, RC x. 184.24 . Note also: is a mbeo beres a n-as beodu ┐ i na[s] segondo, TBC-I¹ 693 (compar. for superl.?). Less frequently with partitive gen.: doberat a n-as dech sét in dúine, TBFr. 419 . con-aitcetar ferann fair .i. an ba dech Mide, Dinds. 78 ( RC xv. 478 ).

(d) With prec. prep. (frequent in later lang.): do-farget (sic leg.) a rro-fera ar-a ferthar fris `he offers what he has given for what is given to him', Laws v 502.22 (see however GOI 680 ). ni tabair dír[e] asa n-gatass, Ir. Recht 22 § 24 (see GOI 298, 680 ). farnan bechtae on what is not certain, Bürgschaft 20 § 60 ( GOI 298, 680 ). bui dliged . . . fora raibhi do Thartraidhibh, Marco P. 82 . nach smuainid air a nabruid, Donlevy 468.13 . Gort an Óir ghairthear don Mhaigh . . . ó n-ar bronnadh d'ór lais-sean . . . ann `from the quantity of gold', Keat. ii 4470 . tré n-ar imreadar d'ulc air `on account of the injury they had done him', 4634 . tréas a ndearnsad do bhagar air, Desid. 3429 . Most frequently with DI, giving mod. dia, dá approximating to a new rel. particle: duine d'a marand indíu any man of those now living, PH 7318 . gach ní dā ndubrais, Feis Tighe Chonáin 105 . na h-uili obuir trocuire diar mol in eglus, ZCP vi 25.4 . ni ternō nech dona tainic anoir `of those that came . . .', Dinds. 23 ( RC xv. 323 ). an aenridiri is lugha dob olc da roibhi ina aimsir, ZCP vi 100.12 . gach aon dár fhás ┐ dá bhfásfaidh every one who has sprung and will spring, TSh. 13 . Temporal use: feacht n-æn da roibhe Cond Cetcathach, Ériu iii 150 . fecht n-aen dá táncatar, Acall. 361 . laithe n-aen … da raibe Find, 5737 . feacht n-aen da tainic Find, 5917 . la da raibhi Crist, Smaointe B. Chr. 1754 . gach úair da dtéighinn ’na theach, L. Cl. A. B. 187 § 9 . fechtus dia m-bui E. hi Frémainn, IT i 128 § 15 . fecht eli da raibe C. .c. a nDruim Cet, BCC 146.5 . lá airithi da ndechaid C. .c. do Temraig, 126.20 . feacht n-aon da ttainic Columcille, Anecd. iii 6 . feacht dia m-báttar, Hy Fiach. 336.1 . Also with acht: co tuctha a longa leó acht a ndechaidh ar éicin, RC xvii 361.17 (Tig.).

(e) When the antecedent is a noun the rel. clause is syntactically gen.: ar comalnad andotairrngert `to fulfil what he had promised', Mon. Tall. 146.20 (§ 51) . i farrad na n-dingentar innossa, TBC-LL¹ 6178 . cuirter fesa uathaib co hAth Cliath ar cend ar ḟacsat and do Gallaib, RC xviii 289.30 (Tig.). ag soin críoch ar chanamor `that is the sum of what I have sung', TD 15.54 . ag clos a ndoirtid, Desid. 4282 . ar son a ndéineann, 731 .

prep. with dat., geminating out of, from . In O.Ir. glosses frequ. á (see Celtica ii 239 - 40 ). See GOI § 834 . The usual form before nouns is a: a corin[tib], Wb. 7c18 . a ppecad, 3b3 . a persin, 4c23 . a rrath, 12a7 . a rrangabáil, Sg. 196b5 . a llatin, Ml. 3a15 . a mmedón, Tur. 72 . á óensonaib, Wb. 12a10 . In later lang. also as(s): as talomh, Fl. Earls 112.29 . as Éirinn, Rel. Celt. ii 182.13 (see Desid. xxxiv ). Before proclitics as(s). With article: assin folud, Wb. 9c10 . asind óinrainn, Sg. 197a17 . as tír, BDD² 435 . as tig, 544 . Note also: as cech ṡét, Thes. ii 320.3 .

With poss. adj. 1 s. as mo chuimriug, Wb. 23b7 . 2 s. as do, Sc.M² 11 . ast, 12 . 3 s. assa, Wb. 2c7 . 20d13 . asa, 25d16 . 1 pl. asar, Wb. 15c24 . 2 pl. as for, LU 8551 (H) ( FB 41 ). 3 pl. assa, MU² 276 . asa, 390 .

With suffixed pron. 1 s. asum, ZCP vi 285.8 . 2 s. essiut, RC xiv 188.z . 3 s. m. and n. ass, Wb. 29b15 . as, Ml. 36c20 . es, RC xxv 346 § 2 . 3 s. f. essi, Ml. 85c14 . esse, 113d2 , 131c14 . eissi, Sg. 196b2 . esti, PH 197 . eisti, BDD² 1405 . este, ZCP vi 81.4 . aiste, TSh. 4477 . 3 pl. essib, Wb. 12a10 , b23 . Ml. 87b18 . eissib, Sg. 190a1 . esib, 51b11 . estib, PH 2878 . eistib, ML² 1478 . asta, TSh. 2791 .

With rel. as(s)a n-: asatoróimed, Wb. 11a19 . See GOI § 834 , IGT Introd. § 100 (25.12) .

I Expressing motion, out of, from: oc techiud a rroí, Críth G. 539 . co rróimid topar husci ass, Trip.² 93 . fuil totmad (leg. totma(e)?) a crann a wound sustained in falling from a tree, Laws v 362.z . in ti bis for imrama a inad d'inad from place to place, Laws iv 36.12 Comm. coillti an talman do thuitim as a premaibh will be uprooted, RC xxviii 312 § 9 . luid fer a cath, BColm. 94.15 . facbuid-si asin tir-si leave this land, RC xiv 56 § 69 . na fuirighedh a Temraig ach imthiged asti co hobann, Ériu iii 170 § 29 . co cuala géim bó ic tiachtain al-loch Ṡithgail `out of Loch S.', Dinds. 155 ( RC xvi 270 ). rosái assen dia thigh, RC xviii 184.28 . atracht focétóir in marb a bás, RC ii 390 z . no ássad bolgg corcra assa etun a purple blister would grow out of his forehead, Ériu iv 32.3 . With impers. vb. ní thig asta `they do not shrink' (of shoes), O'Rah. xviii 24 . Without accompanying verb: do rigne Dia firt . . . .i. in topur husci asin talmain, Trip.² 96 . cúiseach bind asa bēalaibh sweet piping from her lips, Ériu iv 174. § 8 . asa tuaisciurt inda deiscert `(to go) from the North (of it) to the south (of it)', Mon. Tall. 133. 22 (§ 17) . do chuir se iarraidh ar thigerna A. . . . as Eirinn chuige `sent to the laird of A. to come to him from Ireland', Rel. Celt. ii 182.13 .

In complement of object of transitive verbs: with various transitive verbs (see also under several vbs.): tóbe uitiorum assa anmin `the cutting of vice out of his soul', Wb. 2c7 . aní asatorbatha `that out of which they have been cut', 5b39 . . . . benus do ṡūil as do chinn, ACL iii 308, z . ni béram ass gl. nec aufferre quid possimus ( 1 Timothy vi 7 ), Wb. 29b15 . dobert . . . dí báe déc . . . assint shíd, TBFr. 6 . an ghairbhiachtach . . . chuirid asta which they emit, TSh. 6705 . tarslaic Petrum a slabreid released Thes. ii 304.1 (Hy. i). is as do leigi iat (of shots), as a ninat . . ., Laws iv 226.17 . atdobrarbadse a tír Hérenn you have been banished from Ireland, BDD² 416 . ar ndichur a nGall esib, Ann. Conn. 1338.4 . hoc a tafonn (ac a cur v.l.) asa gort driving it out of his field, ACL iii 2.8 . gabais . . . daur . . . assa frēnaib, Sc.M² 18 . dasrenga ais `drew it out', Mon. Tall. 150.29 (§ 61). is cían rosraeined amach / Iudaich a crīch Rōmānach, ZCP viii 115.17 . dá sraoilleadh . . . as a chéile, TSh. 5696 . di loscud a thige . . . di gait as—a leth di gait ind for stealing from it . . . for bringing stolen property into it, Críth G. 123 . tonindnaig . . . leithi in chon dó assa laim chlí gives him . . . with her left hand, RC iii 177.5 . adetha C. assa láim, 6 . do urail S. a cengal as scotaib ceathra sdet `ordered him to be bound to the tails of 4 steeds', ITS xix 100.7 . gairfidh Íosa uair nó dó / as an talmhain a dteasdó, Dán Dé xiv 9 .

Common in 3 s. n. as adv. with verbs of going, etc. tíagait ass na teachta-sin depart, Sc.M² 4 R . documlát ass do Chrúachnaib, TBFr. 42 . amal ossa is amlaid rorathatar ass they ran like deer, Ériu iii 141.208 . imsái as in mac the boy turns away, Ériu i 116 § 5 . Hence with verbs of going, etc. escapes: 'san domnach dodechaid ass / a broinn in bledhmil Ionas, Ériu iii 144 § 14 . bualadh Tairrdelbaig . . . acht cena terno som ass, RC xviii 35.27 . ní dechaidh as gan gabāil nō gan marbadh acht Sir Gyi . . ., ZCP vi 72.12 . creid nách fhuil dul as ar domhan agad ót olc shíordhuidhe, Mac Aingil 1857 . Related meanings. Dies, comes to an end: dia ndech nech dībh as `departs' (this life), Marco P. 140 . din ló dochúaid Cerball ass, RC xx. 12 § 20 . ni ragha in la-su ass `this day will not go by', CCath. 3573 . na heirig ass co madain / do deacraib rig in richid (sic leg., ed.) do not cease till morning from (recounting) the wonders of the king of heaven, Ériu v 26.22 . co n-erlai [int archaingel] a rrecht ind ríg `forsook the law', Ériu ii 108 § 22 . With other verbs in idiomatic phrases: not-ber as dom' inchaib get thee out of my sight, ZCP i 105.1 . beir as tú `escape' Keat. iii 3246 . tucsat as in oidhchi-sin co himsnímach spent that night, Fianaig. 52.17 . a bheatha do thabhairt as go measardha to lead a life of moderation, TSh. 268 . ruccsatt ass amhlaidh sin ifoimhdin aroile they continued, Hugh Roe 288.17 (fo. 76a) . ni rug og na sen a comfad-so as damh riam gan toitim lium `held out against me', ZCP vi 101.7 . cuir ass na dorchu tuccais expel the darkness thou hast brought, Anecd. iii 35.17 . ata si arna cur as anois `it is now destroyed' (of a city), Maund. 43 . a lecan as, he was set free, RC xviii 283.15 . leicem as ar n-imram let us give up, RC xxvi. 136 § 9 . leig as 'athair cease, father, Ériu iv. 51 § 7 . do lēic ech in rīgh ar a glūinibh hī . . . ┐ nīr fēdadh as hī she could not be got out of that position, ZCP xiii 182.31 . Without accompanying vb. (freq. as ipv.) ass, a duine, ar éat `get out, O man!' (be off), Fél. 184.6 . as tír duit get thee out of the land, RC xxv 24.6 . as as bhar Fraoch get hence, get hence, said F. ML 124.13 . asa sin doibh, Rel. Celt. ii 178.3 . aisidhe dhó co Tulaig na C. thence he went, ZCP xiv 259.8 . In phrase: ní has dó there is no escape for him, he has no chance of escape (see O'Rahilly, Celtica i 348 ): ma commhor th'eucht led bhriathruibh, ni has dhamhsa if your deeds are on a par with your words there is no escape for me, Luc. Fid. 344.12 . ni has dh'aoinneach aguibh there is no escape for any of you, 284.15 . nach bu has dh'iachtaranuibh no dh'uachtaranuibh, 260.22 . ní has d'Éirinn eatorra between them Ireland has no escape, DDána 92.7 . In phr. as ┐ ind: do ḟeitheam a long . . . as ┐ ind `to watch his vessels (going) out and (coming) in', Dinds. 135 ( RC xvi 142.6 ). cloictheach . . . ┐ eoin duba . . . ind ┐ as `passing into and out of it', RC xvii 394.y .

II Expressing origin, source.

(a) from, originating in: a grec anísiu `from the Greek' Sg. 148b14 . assin tein atgládastar `out of the fire he addressed him', Thes. ii 318.4 (Hy. ii). ba hingnád aisec asind inut sin (.i. a détaib in chon allaid), Trip.² 148 . in port asa n-accai Patraic inna naimtiu, 1500 . bá foderc dó . . . assa imduí, LU 8219 ( FB § 16 ). nír faei i tig as mbi eggna suillsi tenead, BDD² 175 . is hí ro hic súil ind ríg / a topor Locha Dá líg, IT i 131.29 . is a Hérind anair, MU² 513 . secht mile as so `seven miles from here', ZCP vi 295.7 . co fesamar can as tucad till we know whence it was brought, Ériu i 46.10 . ni fes can as tánic `whence it came', RC xviii 302.7 . a tírib hIndía do, PH 820 . niamh ḟíona a hór (drunk) from a gold goblet, DDána 119.25 . from (of a number out of a group): mart as gach creich, muc as gach crú, caora as gach trét, BNnÉ 265 § 230 . sé ar fichit a Huib Neill `six and twenty of the Húi Néill', RC xxiv 202. 14 . Of the ground of proof from: is follus as for ng[n]imaib ni dligthi comardad fris etir, LU 8551 ( FB 41 ). follus asna scélaib-so Colmáin it is clear from these stories about Colman, BColm. 102, 12 . is esti demniges, PH 2185 . créad is iontuigthe as sin, TSh. 161 .

With various vbs.: nī contesba banne ass `not a drop was wanting therefrom', Thes. ii 348.3 (Hy. v). a tír asa tairidnither `from the land out of which (the water) is drawn', Ériu xvii 68 § 8 . cid asa fordailtea grád túa[i]the? what is the basis of the different grades of the `túath'? Críth G. 6 . rí rodelb eisse cach ṅduil, SR 25 . asnabbrad hi sennathib `whence it was said', Fianaig. 30.13 . rofiarfaigh dib crēd asa fuaradar an cís aingid sin, RC x 185.y . gach ainm eile . . . nach sloinntear as tarbh, Maguires of F. 45 .

(b) Hence introducing the instrument or cause of an action, etc. by, with, because or by reason of: a faill do denam for being neglectful, Laws iv 50.10 . ro bendach Pátraic asa díb lámaib in Machai with his hands, Trip.² 2799 . asa réir budesin of his own accord, Ériu i 219 § 7 . as mothoil féin `of my own will', RC xiii 272.6 . nach maith dogni duine asa chorp isin domun any good thing a man does with his body, Ériu vii 172.y . Cluain maic Nois d'argain . . . a comairle Muirchertaig, on M.'s advice, RC xviii 30.25 . is a radurc atconnairc Ith . . . Slébe Irruis deiscirt, Ériu iv 142.16 . roslen Nél assa lurg, by means of his track, Metr. Dinds. iii 404.13 . cia mod as a mbrisend recht in what way, PH 2588 . do-rinne an tshoil cumhachda gáoidhilgi ortha as ar cóir do chomhardadh íad by reason of which, IGT Introd. 11.16 . lot mh'anma a silleadh na súl / do rinneadh, Dán Dé ix 4 . a caingean Dé do diúltadh, IGT Decl. ex. 1355 . mellaid mōr duini asa dath / gid buidi in t-ōr is otrach, ACL iii 238 § 16 . Note also: ragat gussin Rōimh as go ffuilēngat croch ┐ cēssadh, Fl. Earls 206.25 ; whereby they will suffer Celtica ix 117-18 . Cf. 8.18 , 170.8 . With créd: créd dorinne sí asa rabhus di marsin what she had done that they were treating her thus, Ériu v 168.82 . créad as nach adhradh . . . na dée mar chách why, Keat. ii 5393 . With adv. as: is as tugadh Nár air this is why he was called N., 3645 .

(c) Introducing the name of a language: ainm an inaidh sin . . . a Gaeidheilcc in Irish, Maund. 57 . laphruiss . . . assin bérla glan ghrécach in the pure Grecian tongue, Anecd. i 34.70 . berla na filed asa n-acaillit cach dib aroile wherein they all address each other, Auraic. 200 .

III Miscellaneous uses.

(a) In sense of attached to, compos- ed of, in etc. : amal bīs tuir már oc fulang tige ┐ illāma esti, Corm. Y 1224 . ro-lēcis gaī form-sa co-rrabae as mo scíath `so that it stuck in my shield', Sc.M² 11 . cipe [no beth] démnach asa mér no asa brága whoever was possessed by a demon in his finger or in his throat, RC ii 400 § 40 . a edach delradach . . . imi, as a ndenad idbarta do Baich `in which he was wont to offer sacrifices', TTebe 2842 . gu bhfaiceabh asin coluinn-si Dia, ITS xix 92.6 . Cf. rí sithamail asa flaithes in respect of, Rawl. B 512 fo. 69d .

(b) After vbs. expressing recognition, etc. : atgénammár asa samail in fer sin, LU 6805 ( FB 46 ). cinnas do aith[g]ēnmais in degmnái . . . asa deilb ┐ asa costud, a tlás, a fos, a féile, ZCP viii 112.22 . misi do aimsigh Eabha / as a basuibh bairrgheala / 's as a derc ramhoill raglais, Ériu iv. 112.26 - 27 . ad-mestar asa toirthib talmain, ZCP xi 94 § 33 . ? a samlaib én n-etarlúamain, LU 8628 ( FB 47 ) (rhet.).

(c) After vbs. of bathing, washing: do-dheochaid co mbricht neimhe lé do Frāech corusfothraic ás . . . a arma he bathed his weapons in it, ZCP xiii 175.6 . doluid Cuchulaind dia bualad asna huscibsin, TBC-I¹ 2742 . nocho raibi husce ocai asa ndénad in bathis, Trip.² 91 . ro tinsain usce . . . conid as ronig a derc with it he washed his eye, Dinds. 64 ( RC xv 462 ). usce asa negar Grip, ZCP iii 214.14 . roghonais mo dhalta / rodergais as t'fhogha thou hast reddened thy spear in his blood, BS 12.14 .

(d) After vbs. of paying, exchanging, etc. dobertha a chutroma d'or ┐ d'argat ass, Hugh Roe 220.3 (fo. 58b) . diass as in cethramuin ┐ da bho as an bfer nach fuighthi dibh .i. bó as in duine ┐ bo as in éidegh, L. Chl. S. 31 . tainic Ciaran dá fhuascladh, ┐ tucc moran oir ┐ argait ass in return for him, BNnÉ 117.27 . dober braighi maith duit asum fein `I will bring thee a good hostage for myself', ZCP vi 70.15 . dlighe do dhíol as, TSh. 10084 .

(e) After words expressing hope, trust, doubt etc. : go ndearna dall / dóigh as an té do thoghsam, Dán Dé iv 26 . as do thrócuire atá ar ndóchas, xix 21 . thairisi asa deghgnimradhaibh féin, CCath. 330 . an neimhiocht gnáthach do bhí aige as féin `it was sad that his brother always had a suspicion of him', his usual mistrust for him, Keat. ii 2504 . bith cunntaphuirt agut asi[n] nduine aithenus tu `be on your guard against', Ériu v 136 § 93 . etir cin co fiss / no co n-anfiss ass, ACL iii.222.30 .

(f) After vbs. of boasting, etc. : dia maide as a shúalchib, PH 4855 . itā mo chorp 'na c[h]amra / cid uaibrech as m'urlabra, ACL iii 239 § 34 . rom-moltar ar cech feib as mo ghail, ZCP v 503.24 . créad as a ndéine díomus, TSh. 633 .

IV In later lang. also of time from, since: ní nach dearnadh as mo nua ná as mo naoidheantacht ariamh riom, ML 100.14 . fer na dechaid asa naindin riam gan cenn Connachtaig lais `from his childhood', ZCP i 103.1 . asa naidendacht `from his infancy', RC ii 386 § 9 . sé is (leg. as) th'óige ort / [is] móide ar an ḟolt mh'fiafraighidh that thou hast it since thy youth increases my wonder (?) at the hair, DDána 114.2 . asa tosuch from the beginning, Ériu iv 214.18 . nambered cách a huair dena maccleirchib dochum a tige leo `would take him home in turn', Ériu ii 222.24 .

In prep. phrases, see aithle, céile, ucht, etc. In adv. phrase see núa.

v (* ad-rím-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 602 ). Indic. pres. 1 s. adrímiu, LU 9323 . -airmim, Sg. 205a2 . -airmiu, Thes. ii 338.2 . 2 s. adrimi siu, Ml. 24b6 . -airmi, LU 10269 . 3 s. adrimi som, Wb. 14d2 ; Ml. 24a13 . atarimi, 111c17 . atrim[i], 49a11 . adindrími, -áirmi, Wb. 13d17 . -ármi, 6a1 . 3 pl. adrimet, Ml. 129d19, 22 . atarimet, Sg. 26b6 . Pass. sg. adrimther, Ml. 46d24 . Thes. ii 246.26 . Pl. adrimter, Ml. 99d9 . adrímter, Sg. 202a5 . adrimiter, Thes. ii 246.28 . adrimetar, Ml. 111a10 . -ármidhter, TTr.² 193 . Ipv. 2 s. -áirimh, Ériu ix 177 § 7 . Indic. impf. 3 pl. adrimtis, Ml. 91a6 . atarímtis, Sg. 188a3 . Subj. pres. 1 s. -arim, Wb. 14d17 . 2 s. adríme, Thes. ii 28.32 . 3 pl. adrimet, Ml. 103b5 . Pass. sg. adrimther, Thes. ii 10.6 . -árimther, Críth G. 2 . Subj. impf. 3 s. adrímed, Ml. 21a4 . Sg. 69a5 . -airmed, Ml. 46b31 . 3 pl. -airmitis, Trip.² 1885 . Fut. 1 pl. adrimfem, Ml. 14d5 . Pass. pl. adrímfiter, Sg. 153b1 . adrímfetar, Thes. ii 229.30 . Condit. 1 s. adrímfinn, Trip.² 2107 . Pret. and perf. 1 s. atarurmius, Hib. Min. 3. 383 . 3 s. adruirim, Ml. 28d5 . -arraim, 49c9 . barruim, TBC-LL¹ 4761 . 3 pl. adruirmisset, Ml. 101b2 . a-ta-ruirmiset, Sg. 188a1 . Pass. sg. adruirmed, Wb. 2d7 . Part. of necess. aírmithi, Wb. 8c13 . See áirmide. Vn. áram. Later as simple vb. áirmid. IGT Verbs § 68 .

I

(a) counts, numbers, computes: amal as ndliged fir bís i n-arim do neuch atarimi `to one that counts them', Ml. 111c17 . ar mad iar n-aicniud adrimther, Thes. ii 10.6 (Bcr).— atairim-si, ol si. Atairimi iarom — count them . . . he counts them, Irish Texts i 3 § 9 . rimfed rind . . . .i. no airmebad rétglanna nime, ACC § 64 ( RC xx 258 ). tuccait . . . a murthréta mucc a fedaib . . . ro rímit ┐ ra hármit, TBC-LL¹ 76 . ada usce nosbera . . . for nim atrímther a laug, LB 228 marg. sup. og iarraid co nairmither fri re `full price of fosterage is reckoned by the time', Laws ii 174.19 . iss é dédenach roarmed it was the last that was numbered, BColm. 92.21 . noco n-airimther ganim mara ni hairemthar ar marbad do macaib ríg, RC xviii 173.12 . co-n-airmestur gainemh mara, RC xxiv 381.4 . do áirmhius noí fichit scíath, ZCP viii 223.1 .

(b) In more general sense of records, recounts, mentions: in gnímai adrimter hi libur iudicum , Ml. 99d9 . nī rurīmiu nī āirmiu / a ndorigēnai ind nóebdūil `I cannot reckon, I count not what the holy creature hath done', Thes. ii 338.2 (Hy. v). co n-árimther inna grá[d] téchtu that he may be reckoned in his proper grade, Críth G. 2 . in tan nach a ngradaib flatha airimter na riga sin, Laws v 24.z Comm. cech martir adrímem, Fél. July 17. Ep. 87 . roairmiustar (roairmestar v.l.) D. douibhsium a n-anmanna, Anecd. ii 55 § 17 . ni roarmide hicond rig Leue no Beniemin it has not been told that L. or B. were with the king, Rawl. 79a7 . atrímead filid na n-G. comtís . . ., Alex. 249 . airem daib seanchassai . . . bar múinntire relate to them, Alex. 191 . ní ruirmiu, ní airémha . . . / a tainic de ancessaib Eireann . . ., AFM ii 600.17 . ni aireomamaid a cogtha, L. Chl. S. § 37 . a ccreacha . . . ni hairimter hi leabraibh, Cog. 38.21 . d'eis ar áirmemar / ar M. in addition to all we have recounted of M., BNnÉ 223.11 . ar áirmhis oruibh d'eachtaibh / do shíol E. `as for the deeds you have told of the race of E.' Content. iv 18 .

(c) takes into account: ni armim-sea ón I take no account of that, TBC-LL¹ 5085 . cona hairmithea bunad eitir `original ownership is not reckoned (i.e. taken into consideration) at all', Laws ii 370.3 Comm. nír airmedar na h-esbada sin o ranic an Maél Flidaise leó they did not count (i.e. they made light of) these losses since they had the M.F., Celt. Rev. iv 206.31 . díanam airmitis-[s]e mu bráthair oc raind a feraind if my brothers should take me into consideration in the dividing of his land, Trip.² 1885 . mad t'árim . . . bail i m-biat dagláich . . . nít ármem itir ┐ nít imradem, TBC-LL¹ 1853 .

(d) counts as, regards as; considers to be: is samlid atrim[i]som in forcomet sin amal bid coscrad dognethe do `it is thus he reckons that protection as though it had been destroyed', Ml. 49a11 . bāeth, buide . . . macne Ailb (nailb v.l.) āirmi (airmighther v.l.), Ält. Ir. Dicht. ii 13 § 1 `thou reckonest the sons of A.,' Ériu xii 201 . ise an Toirrdelbach sin as mó airmhid Conallaig orra do brisedh catha Chnuic an Bodha `it is to this T. that the C. give the most credit on their own side for winning the battle. . .' L. Chl. S. § 56 .

(e) searches out, investigates: adrimisiu gl. rimeris, Ml. 24b6 . adrimi son gl. adpendit examine, 24a13 .

II In idioms with prepp.

(a) ascribes, assigns to (DO): a nadruirmed do Abracham .i. fírinne tri híris `what has been counted unto A. even righteousness through faith', Wb. 2d7 . is secht ṅdana airegda airmither do'n Spirut noem `seven excellent gifts are assigned to the Holy Ghost', PH 8029 . ní armither . . pian . . . dona anmannaib, the souls are not considered to suffer pain LU 2120 ( FA 18 ).

(b) counts as (AR): ni áirmi som ón ar chumscugud `he does not count that as change', Wb. 13d17 . ní nairmi ar bethaid etir `he reckons it not as life at all', Ml. 82a8 . combad ar gair aicnid adrímed in suidiguth `so he would reckon the position for shortness of nature', Sg. 69a5 . as ar chenél cruche adrímther in coicsath `fellow-suffering is counted as a kind of cross', Thes. ii 246.26 . adrímfinn ar nempní i condiulcc in maithiusa tarfas dam, Trip.² 2107 . Hence a.¤ ar x do y counts as x on the part of y: adrimtis-som ar aithissib dunni buith fut recht su `they used to count as reproaches to us', Ml. 91a6 . dorolaig in peccad ┐ ni narraim ar chaire do, 49c9 . fis timnae ndæ . . . is ar sainemli adrimther to neuch rudfinnadar `knowledge of the commandments of God is reckoned as excellence to him that knows it', 46c24 . iss ed sin armither ar adnacul dóib for that is regarded as their burial place, LU 2533 . is ar martrai atrimther dó `it is reckoned to him as martyrdom', Mon. Tall. 146.19 . atait tri cuir tindtai mac beo-athar im a athair nach airmead (= áirmet) liubair na Feine do ar ingaire a tindtog, Laws v 436.23 . ar ní armide ar laechdacht duit-siu comrac frim-sa sund it would not be reckoned as bravery for you, LL 14137 .

(c) considers as, places in the same category as (LA and ETER): participia .i. ataruirmiset la gerind `participles i.e. they have reckoned them with the gerund', Sg. 188a1 . is la noeb scriphinna atarurmius I have included them among the sacred writings, Hib. Min. 3.83 . cid nácham airmisiu . . . lais na trén-firu sin . . . cid dam nachat airmébaind etorro? why dost thou not reckon me among those strong men . . . why should I not reckon thee among them? LU 10269 . uair airemthar do-sum itir deib é da eis `he shall be numbered among the gods', TTebe 2187 . do bhríogh go n-áirmheann an eaglais idir na hoibreachaibh trócaire . . . é, TSh. 5624 . With AR: áirmid eólaig ar mnāib āill[e] a haimsire ī the knowledgable consider her as one of the beautiful women of her time, ML² 485 .

(d) a.¤ x for (ar) y reckons x against y, blames y for x: ba treissi . . . don aithrighe . . . inas dona holcaibh ro áirmittis deamuin form which the devils reckoned up against me, RC xxvi 372.7 . nā hāirimh ar Chorc na cclīar / gē do-bheradh toir is tīar do not blame C., Ériu ix 177 § 7 . oramsa do hairmhedh riamh / a n-dernsabair . . . / daibh fein áirmeocthar anois, Caithr. CC § 60 . With FRI: nicon airmi fri nech cia ba menic thi does not count it against a person, Laws v 76.11 .

n f. aiged, Thes. ii 254.4 (Stowe Miss.) , aigeth, ibid. 5 . Not found in O. Ir. glosses (see enech). n s. agad, LU 4514 . aghadh, Dán Dé vii 35 . ind aiged , TBFr. 219 . aigead, Ériu xiii 58.1 . aideadh, BB 427a50 . aghaidh (: samhail), DDána 42.6 . v s. aighidh, ZCP xiii 174.9 . a s. agid, TBFr. 223 . aigid, Trip.² 313 . agaid, Lism. L. 2968 . aghaidh, Aithd. D. 61.21 . acchaidh, AFM v 1640.16 . adhaigh, Ériu v 190.480 . adhaid (sic MS.), ZCP vii 301 § 6 . aghaigh, Laws iv 258.1 Comm. agad, Dinds. 18 ( RC xv 312.15 ). aiged, Maund. 257 . g s. aigthi, CRR § 17 . aichthi, TTebe 930 . aighthe, DDána 85.1 . Proverbs vii 15 . d s. aighid, ACL iii 4.28 . n p. aigthi, Sc.M² 5 . d p. aichthib, Rawl. 163b13 . aigthib, TTebe 4115 . agthib, TBC-LL¹ 4210 . aghadh, aighedh f., IGT Decl. § 4 .

I

(a) face, countenance: mad i nadaid ri[g] 'if it be [a wound] in the face of a king ' Bretha 26 § 9 . mad a naigid rig tuat roferta(i)r fuil graine 'if a one-grain wound has been inflicted in the face of a king' 28 § 12 . niba diles a aighidh do aoir, Ériu xiii 13.20 . agad ḟochoel forlethan, LU 4514 (TBC). ind aiged do chumtachtai the face for its comeliness, TBFr. 219 . eter in ṁbrágit ┐ in n-agid ṅgil, 223 . aged ethiopacda slemangorm aci, MU² 689 . niptar aigthi carat im ḟleid, Sc.M² § 5 . comleithet a aigthi do derg-ór, CRR § 17 . ag ínred a aichthi `tearing his face', TTebe 930 . dob iomdha aighthe giall ngonta, TD 11.32 . deōr tromthoirsi / co tī tar abra ar n-aigthi-ni, ACL iii 234.18 . dar a aighid, 4.28 . a.¤ fedil see fethal.

By metonymy of persons: a haighidh fhīr woman of the true countenance, ZCP xiii 174.9 . fer ard uas aichthib Emna / diar chomainm Tadg . . ., Rawl. 163b13 .

(b) surface: aigead gach airgit, Ériu xiii 58.1 (See xix 117-8 ). ordlach i tiget cech lainde dib . . . co m-ba haiged oir uli lais ár medon, Alex. 581 . dar aigthib sciath, TTebe 4115 . mar chaoin aighthe cupa ó cheard, DDána 119.34 . ar aighidh mhín Mhaonmhuighe expanse , Ériu v 66.8 . a haghaidh ghléigheal . . . (of a hill), TD 4.5 . ?ria n-aidche agaig (leg. agaid), Ériu iv 162 § 25 . fa aghaidh na firminnte across the face of the firmament, Aithd. D. 61.21 . ag cur bhairr ┐ aighthe mo bhaisi deisi . . . palm of my right hand, Parrth. Anma 1020 . ar aighthibh . . . an aigein, ML 48.10 .

(c) front: meitheal dar bh' aghaidh sinn súd we were in advance of that working-party, DDána 42.6 ; cf. baluid dia lethagid in luirg, ┐ tanic dia lettáib, TBC-LL¹ 651 ( LL 8103 ).

(d) shape, form, appearance: aen dib a fuath duine, ┐ aroile a ndeilb dhuim, ┐ anaill a naigid ilair, Grail 3399 .

(e) honour (see 1 enech II): dar cend aigthe Conculainn `for the sake of C.'s honour', RC xiv 428 § 52 . tuc Eochaidh a aenrosc do dar ceann a aigti, BB 383a35 . ar son a einich .i. ar son a aighthe, O'Cl. s.v. eineach. Cf. do tabairt aighti doib giving countenance to them, ZCP v 42.30 ( BCC 123 ).

Note also: ic fóbairt aigthe a feirgge for Troiánu, LL 236b22 ( TTr. 1458 ).

II In phrases implying motion, intention etc. (a) With follg. FOR, FRI etc.:

(a) dob aghaidh ar éttualang (of an impossible undertaking), AFM v 1646.1 . agaid for Ath Cliath to attack A. ALC i 2.19 . is tráth aighthe ar Allmhurchaibh, DDána 85.1 . fa neimhleasg liom aghaidh air `I was in no wise loth to approach it', TD 11.7 . ní hésgaidh linn ort aigheadh, IGT Decl. ex. 826 . a n-aighthe ar in sen-fhairrgi making for the sea, Fl. Earls 58.7 . aghaidh dhamh-sa do fhios Bhriain, Hard. ii 202.11 . déne prostrait ┐ t'aiged fri talmain face downwards, PH 454 . a agaid fria lochtaib, PH 8227 .

(b) With attá: ni bḟuil bur n-aighedh le clesaibh riderachta, RC xxix 112 § 8 . is indess ro boí a aged [.i. do Temraig], Trip.² 1011 . Note also: aghaidh gach droichsgéil amach! all evil away from us! Dánta Gr. 9.1 .

(c) do-beir a.¤ co, fri turns towards, makes for: tucsat agaid a long gu . . . turned their ships towards, Lism. L. 2968 . mad cucainni dobera Conch. ┐ Ulaid a n-agaid if C. and the U. make for us, CRR § 21 . tugaisse aghaidh ar Ifearnn, Aithd. D. 70.21 . do bhert a aghaidh ar uaithnibh `he directed his course by Uaithne', AFM vi 2144.20 . tuc an toiced a haghaidh ar in rí, fortune turned her face towards the king, Expugn. Hib. § 64 . tug R. / aighidh ar an lucht rosling `R. has turned to the people who had defeated him', Studies 1919, 256.3 . tucsat a naigid innaenfecht for Leth Cuind attacked, SG 369.2 . ( LL 299b1 ). tugadar a n-aighthe ar airgne ┐ ar éadála . . . do thiomsughadh turned their attention to, Maguires of F. § 13 . ro thriallsat . . . aghaidh do thabhairt ar dhol a nulltoibh `attempted to effect their passage', AFM v 1854. 13 . gibe ealadha ara ttiobhra duine aghaidh whatever science a person may turn to, Rule of Tallaght § 67 . tug a aghaidh res an uile he faced everybody, DDána 15.9 . Note also: tar Carrthaigh . . . / cuir aghaidh na himeirche tar cuan L. face the band over the shore of L., DDána 74.49 .

III In prepositional phrases.

(a) before, in front of (with AR, FOR, FRI, I N-, LA): nemhsgathmhar ar a.¤ a eascarad `undaunted before his enemies', Rel. Celt. ii 196.6 . an tan curtar ar aigid na gréne é when it is exposed to the sun, O'Gr. Cat. 259.8 . magh . . . do bī ar a n-agaid before them, ML² 1039 . ercid is-in less ar bar n-agaid, PH 4371 . for agid Tripolim, Rawl. 71b6 . Eoin re haghaidh an leanaibh in the presence of, Dán Dé xi 18 . fuair cricha na hEtáile re [a] aghaidh before him, CCath. 1225 . dogní munterus fri-a n-aichthibh they pretend friendship to their faces (opposed to behind their backs), PH 7704 . rucait i n-agid ríg Lochlainne they were brought before the kings of N., CRR § 13 . Peadar abstal na aghaidh / do shéan Iosa `in His presence', A. Ó Dálaigh li 11 . do radh go im agaid `to my face', MR 76.14 . Cf. an president . . . do shuidhe lé hacchaidh Sruthra `laid siege to S.,' AFM v 1640.16 .

(b) towards, in the direction of (with i n-): tainic . . . N . . . ana aigid-seom, Trip.² 313 . na daine do rala do na aigidh who met him, Laws iii 178.12 Comm. erigid-siu 'na agaid go to him, TTebe 4179 . dodechaid bó dasachtach ina agaid `came towards him', RC ii 398 § 37 . guais don tí nach tabhair lón / i n-aghaidh na dtrí dtionól (of Judgement Day), Dán Dé xxii 32 .

(c) against (with FRI, I N-): táinic Seth . . . is misi ann re aguidh `where I was awaiting him', Ériu iv 116 § 21 . do ordaigedar . . . a forairedha do c[h]ur re h-agaid Eōgain on the watch for E., ML² 445 . roeiridh an abhond ré aigid the river rose against him, TTebe 3582 . ba tearc d'Ultaibh re a aghaidh `few of the Ulaid would resist him', Aithd. D. 8.4 . ro chansat-side brechta druidechta ina agid, LU 4028 ( SCC § 48 ). in fer ro bai ina adaig i.e. his opponent, Laws iii 218.7 Comm. i n-agthib na srotha sain against the current, TBC-LL¹ 4210 . ata comaimserdhacht ina adhaigh sin there is a synchronism contradicting that, Ériu iv 144 n.19 . is amlaidh ata in leiges a n-aiged na nadura, RC xlix 25.z .

Up (of a slope, steps, etc. with I N-): cloch mulind do chur ana agaid shlebe to roll a millstone up a hill, TTebe 1669 . a n-aghaidh in staigri upstairs, Fl. Earls 218.16 . anagaid aird uphill, Maund. 31 . cuirid i n-a.¤ opposes, contradicts: doirbh leis an gcorp cor 'n-a aghaidh, Dán Dé xix 3 . doreir baramhla na ndaeine nglic nach fuil cur ina agaid accamsa `to which I do not object', Maund. 157 . gan ar breith do neach dhíobh freasabhra ná cur 'n-a aghaidh, Keat. iii 102 . ro chuir ina acchaidh a aindliccheadh ┐ a eccóir fair `upbraided him', AFM vi 1972. 10 . do-icc i n-a.¤ : na tecait i n-agaid in rechta atharda, IT i 170.9 . ní fetar teacht a n-agaid chainti an chumachtaigh sin, TTebe 1075 . tāinic O . . . . i n-a aghaidh sin O. disputed that, ML² 612 .

(d) for (with FRI, I N-): iasg i n-aibhnibh re a aghaidh `for him the fish fill the rivers', Aithd. D. 36.3 . aingeal re haghaidh gach aoin, Dán Dé xxiii 3 . dogēn-sa in cētna at agaid I shall do the same for you, ZCP xiii 181.z . i n-aghaidh mo dhísle dhuid / m'ḟaghail is tríbhse tánuig in return for, TD 14.37 .

(e) for the purpose of (with FRI, LA): fri agad bretha ┐ cocerta, Dinds. 18 ( RC xv 412.15 ). aingeal re haghaidh smachta an angel to correct (Michael), Dán Dé xiv 4 . fri h-aighid a biata `to prepare food for them', MR 50.18 . go mbeittis i náon ionadh re hacchaid báis an fhior-naoimh, BNnÉ 273 § 246 . lé haghaidh Somhairle do cennsucchadh, AFM v 1820.12 .

(f) on the point of, about to (with FRI and vn.): atámúid re hadhaigh catha do chur we are about to give battle, Ériu v 190.480 . do bí M. . . . le haghaid sil éorna do chur, BNnÉ 232 § 146 . re haiged techta duinne cum in gleannasa `before we entered', Maund. 257 .

(g) as an offset to, corresponding to, instead of, etc. (with I N-): ro badur bessa ac na mnáib sin a n-aghaid mathusa na fer sin as a counterpart to, Acall. 7310 . cid fodera foimeilt in ferainn do dul a n-aghaigh na eineclainni annsin? `what is the reason that the use of the land goes (is set) against the honor price in that case?' Laws iv 258.1 Comm. 'na aigid sin in compensation for that, TTebe 1633 . Aed mac T. do athrigad . . . ┐ Aed mac F. do rigad doib ina adaig in his place, Ann. Conn. 1350.9 . luagh i n-aghaidh th'anshóigh, Dán Dé xii 12 . bliadhain i n-aghaidh na h-uaire a maireann an t-éiclips uirre féin a year for every hour, Corp. Astron. 158.4 . i n-aghaidh a ndearna dhóibh / do shaothar is do sheanmóir in return for, Dán Dé xi 24 .

(h) In Laws in phr. ar a a.¤ féin on one's own, in one's own right: ara aigid fen a ænur, CIH vi 2281.13 (Uraicecht Becc) . no ara aigidh fein, UR 102 § 2.11 . o bus orgain airlechta in druith ar a aigid fein a aenar, cin adhbar, cin bidbanas `of his own accord', iii 158.8 . a lan dic ar a aighidh fein, 244.y. eneclann don triur is uaisli bis and ar a naigid uodein `on their own account', i 164.21 . .x. samaisci ar a n-aigid bodein `at their own natural value', v 66.28 .

IV In adverbial phrases.

(a) a.¤ i n-a. (FRI, AR, DO etc.) face to face (with). atáit dá clar-cisdi mora ann in n-agaid a n-agaid, Todd Nenn. 94.x . ragab tilaig agid i n-agid dona sluagaib, TBC-LL¹ 4557 . agid fri agid is Glenn Mamra directly facing, Rawl. 73a31 = is and ata sein aigid d'aigid fri glend Mambra, BB 6a9 . ag feitheamh na Tríonnóide aghaidh ar aghaidh face to face, Ó Héodhusa 54.16 . In Laws Comm. of things set off against each other: a da nindlighedh aghaidh inaghaidh, Laws ii 140.12, 78.29, i 114.5 .

(b) ar a.¤ forward, ahead: buille air aghaidh a step forward, Donlevy vi 19 . do chum gnothuighe móra ar nanama do chur air aghaidh `to help on the great affair of our salvation', 444.19 . ag dul ar aghaidh going forward, TSh. 10793 . Sometimes with poss. referring to subj. of prec. vb. toircidh . . . ar bar n-aghaidh, `right a head', Cog. 86.14 . triall do b'áil ar a haghaidh, Aithd. D. 81.2 . ara aghthib ┐ ara culaib forwards and backwards, CCath. 3612 .

(c) In Laws Comm. do a.¤ , for a.¤ of improper motion of flail: in cet sceinm do leth da aghaidh forwards, Laws iii 222.8 Comm. ata leth aithgin ann for a aighidh when it slips forward, y. noco naithfegtar acht aighidh nama account is taken only of slipping forward, 224.2 .

Compds. With adjj.: abach . . . agedban, CCath. 4099 . occlaech . . . agedchain fairfaced , CCath. 6026 . Aeneas . . . fer imlethan aideadhdherg red-faced , BB 427a50 . gach inad uiscidhe, agaid-fhliuch flooded , MR 256.15 . da óclach . . . agaidhgeala, TBC-LL¹ 4346 v.l. in allchnocoip agadlethnaibh broadfaced, CCath. 5634 . ind fir athlaim agedmóir broad-faced , LL 20345 . With noun: dá lethantrosdán . . . ag imachar a haighedhcnám front bones (shin-bones?), Caithr. Thoirdh. 104.y .

n (aidbirseóir)

(a) opposition, hostility, enmity: a ndéarna . . . dh' aibhirséoracht a n-aghuidh Padraig, Mac Aingil 6221 . in aibh[ers]eoracht doni thu re haidhigh bháis, Fier. 238 . Note also: in ti . . . do gheibh aibheirseoracht = de . . . collatione adversitatum, ITS xxix 150.17 .

(b) temptation: gur tria n-a aimsiughadh ┐ áidhbhirseōracht táinic marbadh dhiūc de B., Fl. Earls 136.21 . droich-spirut aimsigt[h]e aidberseóracht, 216.28 . ? neach . . . do rin aidhbhirséoireacht ┐ conntrácht ar Mochuda, ITS xvi 126.21 . a n-aghaidh aidhbhirseorachda an diabhail, Parrth. Anma 3080 . táinig draoi mar a raibh Mochuda do dheanam adhbhairseorachta air, `to tempt him', ITS xvi 92.26 .

n also ága(e) io, m. Perh. same word as 1 á. post, prop, pillar: braga .i. bir-āga. āige ainm bir, Corm. Y 161 . aighe .i. sail no gabhal, O'Cl. dún . . . dorus umaide fair ┐ ágai umaidi and, LU 1793 . bertais . . . inna hágu umaidi, 1799 . cach aga cach airenach (of the Tech Midchuarda), LL 3704 . Extended uses. Of a person: cach óen nad beir genelach cosna cethrib agaib arddaib seo .i. co Niall la Hu Nēill, co hEochaid Mugmedoin etc., Rawl. 140b28 . imme, maith in taighe, / suides flaith cech tiri (of the king of Tara), Ériu v 232.16 . ba háge immairic cach fer dib seo pillar of battle, LU 1602 ( IT ii2 214.52 ). ?dal armairc gan all n-āighi / as tairgsin āirmhe ar nionaibh, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919 v 93 § 33 . inmain áighe sútt `beloved chief', BColm. 36.16 . Frequ. in Fél. of saints: Pól apstol, ard áge, Fél. Prol. 119 (.i. calma, Fél.2, where Stokes suggests reading colma. Hence aighe .i. calma, O'Dav. 69 , O'Cl. citing Fél.). Benedict balc áge (: Árne), March 21 (.i. tuir, ib.). Pátraic prímdae áge, Nov. 2. comdíre do rig ┐ epscop ┐ agu rechta litre ┐ suid filed an authority in literary matters, ZCP xvi 175 § 4 . age rechta dilgetha .i. int og-ae aca mbi dirgidetu dilgeda, in fer leiginn .i. sai chanoine, Ériu xii 12.2 . a.¤ fine head of the family: cor focerdcar (leg. -tar) seach aga fine ada cora do beith oga, Laws iv 60.12 . co tuca cach a cond .i. a aige fine, i 80.29 Comm. leth coibche cach ingine dia haighe fine, iii 314.9 Comm. a.¤ réire judge: aighe rere .i. brethem, O'Dav. 19 . aighe réire ag breith fírbhreath (glossed aighe .i. sail no gabhal; réire .i. aosda .i. sail sheanoirde re breitheamhnas), Hard. ii 294.8 . Of a high place: fil dam aichne áige . . . benn B., Metr. Dinds. iv 70.1 . rodharcbla . . . isi cric domídigear rosc ┐ adsuighaidter criche frisin, ma rofeisear in da aighe derba bidé iman raind sin `this is the district estimated by the eye, boundaries are defined by these if the two certain heads which are to this division be known' (i.e. the eye fixes the boundary if two points of it remain i.e. by running a straight line between these points), Laws iv 144.5 Comm. is ed tainic a n-aige ┐ a n-ardde ant srotha co rochuired uadha na cairci commora, TTebe 3623 (Ed. takes as 1 aige). aighe .i. cnoc, O'Cl.

n also áill (see GOI § 120 ) and ál. ál (: slán), IGT Decl. ex. 1002 . (: ár), DDána 3.39 .

(a) act of asking; request, wish: á.¤ [.i.] íarraid, Metr. Gl. 10 § 8 . O'Cl. dochúas o Dauid co a thech . . . dia glan á.¤ im feis n-aidche, SR 6304 . fo déig ni ragadsi acht sí cona bantrocht día ailseom because she would go only with her women to make the request of him, LU 6149 (TBC). do ail ┐ do etarguide na ndemna ifernaide, CCath. 4166 . gabhaitt na Goill ag á.¤ ┐ acc atach Neill, AFM vi 2208.18 . foirenn . . . do ail cu roghabad inad reampaibh, Lism. L. 2035 . ail .i. abair no dliged nó guide, O'Dav. 9 . cona tárda oircci i n-á.¤ nō a n-ascaid i tír nĒrenn by request or gratis, Corm. Y 883 ( Anecd. iv 76.2 ). is denta ail d'egin a pleasure should be made of necessity, CCath. 2703 . ic cuinchid ail nō aisc soliciting requests or gifts, MacCongl. 49.8 . ar a beith i nail tsuthain in perpetual supplication, SG 47.x .

(b) entitlement : ​sruamnach ail ansruth; | ailidh leth go saoithe | secht sé 'abundant is the entitlement of the ánruth; he is entitled to half of that of a sage, (which latter is) seven sixes', UR 53.29 .

The follg. d p. forms are perh. to be referred to this word: ro da hir . . . ailibh ilibh, G 50 (`requests', Blathm. 416 ). airunsur álaib, LU 10042 = airiunnsu rálaib `than (all) desires', ZCP xvii 204 § 5 , cf. Echtrae Chonnlai 184-87 . cruth rochāin co ndrochálaib (droch + cálaib?), vi 267 § 4 . dit álaib fochen, LU 10430 . L. grían álaib `delightful sun', Fél. Sept. 3 .i. alaind no uasnelaib, etc., Fél.² cxl . cf. O'Dav. 181 .

Used impersonally with copula it is desirable, meet, proper: ní á.¤ tra insin do epirt, Wb. 27c8 . ní ail a tuirem dúib it is not proper to recount them to you, 24c7 . ar ni aill seirge oc cúrsagad harshness is not proper in reproving, 30b29 . 11b21 . ní ail aicsu forsani nothechti `it is not proper to wish for what thou hast', Sg. 149a8 . más amhlaidh as á.¤ a dteacht if their coming is desired, Ériu v 52.5 . is á.¤ a fhis uaib, PH 1067 . cid ail cencop á.¤ , LL 19018 ( KMMisc. 270 § 48 ). acht nach á.¤ cur lámha lat no one thinks it worth while to help thee, Dán Dé xix 25 . sgur dot aighneas munab á.¤ `unless you will desist from your arguments', Content. ix 12 .

In phrase is á.¤ DO wishes, desires: ní á.¤ dún ar condelc friú `we do not wish to compare ourselves with them', Wb. 17b9 . mad aill duib cid accaldam neich diib `if ye desired', 13b3 . ni á.¤ dún buith fo máam legis, 19b20 . ní á.¤ dún tabart testassa dínn, 24c16 . intan bes ná do when it pleases Him, Ml. 94c17 . bés níp aill do dainib / in dubartsa uile, Fél. Ep. 417 . nochorb á.¤ dó creitem dó he did not wish to submit to him, Trip.² 397 . ní bréc as á.¤ dún immut, LU 8813 ( FB 61 ). mad tairgit in fine ferann dó ┐ ní há.¤ dósum a gabail, Laws iv 134.20 Comm. cipé da mbad á.¤ a acallam in ríg, MU² 560 . isatt ailsiu damsa ┐ bidat ail hi céin bat béo I desire thee and shall desire thee as long as I live, LU 3919 ( SCC § 43 ). cidh is á.¤ don oglaech-sa na táinic ríam? what is the matter with the youth that he has not come? ZCP v 523.30 . is pleasing to: bádat ail cach clúain, LU 9863 `every meadow will be pleasing to thee', PRIA xix 535 . is á.¤ LA: cen imfolang in degnimo són as ail lim `without accomplishing the good work that I desire', Ml. 23c25 . atú mar as á.¤ lem fhoghlaidh, Dán Dé xii 7 . neach lérbh á.¤ a thagháil `one who wanted it', xxi 6 . a gcan mé . . . madh á.¤ liom if I really wish it, x 13 . cid ass á.¤ latt dol?, CRR § 23 . nir bo áill lea or nir bo baeth, Ériu v 209.21 . nir bho hail lais a athair . . . do thaobhadh, BNnÉ 52 § 44 . ?Cf. gach ní is ailt o Dia, Laud 610, 8d (Plummer MS notes). See also áilt.

n m. and f. Also aulad, ilad, elad, ulad. (aul, see GOI p. 52 ). a s. ilaidh, Dinds. 49 ( RC xv 443.17 ). elaith, MacCongl. 121.36 . ulaidh, Uí Maine 211raz . g s. in ulaid , Laws v 488.26 Comm. na hullta , 29 Comm. d s. ailaidh, AU i 534 . elaid, LL 19325 . ulaid, BColm. 98.4 . aulaid, Mon. Tall. 151.5 (§ 62) . iolaidh, AFM ii 1014.5 . n p. ilaidh, Anecd. ii 23.1 . a p. uladha, ZCP x 228.z . g p. uladh, Acall. 1499 . d p. ulltaib, SG 252.30 . ula, ila, eala (ón ulaidh, ola l. ón chéill sin) f. ( d s. ulaidh. g s. uladh. n p. ultha), IGT Decl. § 4 .

(a) tomb, sepulchre, burial-cairn: ilad in dechenboir `the tomb of the ten persons', Thes. ii 288.32 . m'ilad ┐ m'úag, LU 9886 . co ro adhnacht i n-Ard Macha i n-ailaidh nuí, AU i 534.12 . sra (leg. fri, ed.) aulad Culduib chanmae, RC xxv 346.3 . im nemthairecc fertad do flatha .i. im nemtiachtain do denam ulaid cumdacht imin flaith, Laws i 186.16 Comm. fogebthar a ulad Fothaid A. fris anair bic. . . ┐ atá coirthe oca ulaid, LU 10990 . ni fuille rath for ullaid, Laws v 448.23 . focerd ilaidh ind im cenn Cuir[r]igh, Dinds. 49 ( RC xv 443. 17 ). in macc fora téit in grad immusaiccichet días for aelaid (? fora elaid), Trip.² 1842 . ro h-adnaiceadh is in ulaidh mhóir fó chosaibh Ui Suanaigh, Hy Fiach. 44.y . ro hadhnaiced co honorach i niolaidh na nepscop, AFM ii 1034.4 . go háit 'na bhfuair ulaidh lán do chnámhaibh marbh, TSh. 7707 . ar chúl iladh ḟáisegailsi, IGT Decl. ex. 232 . ulad .i. uilli nō in t-adnacal aile, Corm. Y 1285 . fert .i. ulad cumdachta, O'Dav. 961 . elath f. `a calvary or charnel-house, a carn, a heap or pile of bones in a church-yard', P. O'C. Of oaths taken at an a.¤ (cf. reilic): nonbar co ulaid . . . co toing fo soscela aice, O'Curry 1972 (H. 4.22, p. 16). dligid doith dithach .i. for ulaid . . . luigi na heisinnraice . . . og ulaid, 2580 ( Eg. 88 fo. 49 (50)a ).

(b) penitential station: a nacaldaim . . . for aulaid oc cros ind dorus lis, Mon. Tall. 151.5 (§ 62) . táinic P. do tocbáil cros ┐ uladh ┐ altóiredh, Acall. 1499 . in t-ionad ro togasa / itát ilaidh is crosa, Anecd. ii 23.1 . ní dechaid D. . . . ó ulaidh gan impodh, MR 298.11 . seal amhlaidh agan ulaidh / ar shalmaibh, ar slechtanaibh (of devotional exercises of Maedóc Ferna), BNnÉ 282 § 268 . co hIlaidh na ttri ccros (at Clonmacnoise), AFM ii 812.10 .

Compd. ¤-lán: locan ālaind iladlān `a delightful little spot full of tombs' (of a hermit's retreat), Ériu ii 56 § 13 .

n f. oilemain f., IGT Decl. § 10 . Verbs § 73 . Late vn. of 1 ailid. act of rearing, fostering; fosterage, education: tria ingin ríg d'a.¤ doib, LU 4435 . tainic A . . . dia oilemain oc Meidb to be reared by M., Ériu ii 182.9 . tria ailemain Sencha form through S.'s rearing of me, LU 10288 . do gabhail oilemhna ┐ tuarastail uadh (of the inferior taking the superior's child in fosterage), AFM v 1534.16 . díoth oileamhna `lack of training', Dán Dé xvi 1 . buadh n-aileamhna, Hy Fiach. 6.15 . saer . . . gan aileamain noble but without educat- ion, Hy Maine 142.5 . á h-aithle mh'ailemhna re h-uchtbhruindi h-ui A., MR 304.23 . gur chuireadar ar oileamhain é `put him to nurse', Keat. ii 2769 . ar n-a bheith da oileamhain nó da altrom i gCromghlaise, iii 1162 . tugadh súas í . . . ar oileamhuin na mbean úasal in the care of noble ladies, Párl. na mB. 3774 . 'na lucht oileamhna aoigheadh `as entertainers of guests', TD 5.16 . mo dhoimheanma 'n-a ndeaghaidh / ní hurusa a hoileamhain to control it(?), Aithd. D. 14.9 . nourishment: a mbiadh ┐ a n-aileamain, BB 15b33 . gan d'oileamhuin do thabhairt do . . . acht arán ┐ uisge, Párl. na mB. 1492 , do ghabh déistin . . . ris an uile oileamhain, TSh. 1565 . an t-arán thug an Tighearna daoibh mar oileamhain, Eochairsg. 56.4 . én . . . . . . dan frém oilemhna a oighid who feeds (her nurselings) by dying (of the pelican), O'Gr. Cat. 461.5 . In medical sense regimen, diet: oilemhain bidh ┐ dighi d'ordughadh dóibh, O'Don. Gram. 450.8 .

Cf. altram(m).

n Form and inflection variable. (i) n s. ainces, Ériu v 94.24 . aingcess, LU 8215 . a s. ainces, Trip.² 172 . g s. Aṅgciss (n.pr.) (: riss), LL 3281 , (: geiss, 3353 ). n p. aingcessa, LU 10831 = ainchesa, Ériu xii 178 § 9 (TE2.) (see below). a p. aincesa, Laws v 352.20 . angcessa, Ériu i 218 § 3 . (ii) n s. aincis, LU 6144 ( TBC-I¹ 1657 ). aṅceiss, RC xiii 446 § 27 . ingcis, Ériu iv 54 § 25 . an aingcis , TSh. 3303 . a s. aiṅgciss, TBC-I¹ 263 ( aingcess, LU 4754 ). ainciss, Metr. Dinds. iv 242.30 . aṅceiss, ZCP xi 83 § 28 . g s. aingcisi, BNnÉ 128.27 . angcisi, 126.33 . n p. aṅgcissi, LL 3366 . (iii) ainches (perh. separate word, cf. ceis f. = ceist, Contribb. p. xxvi s.v. cesach) a s. ainchios, A IV 1, 98.10 . d s. ainches, Ériu xii 186 § 18 (TE2). n p. ánchesa, 178 § 6 (ib.). d p. anchesuib, Laws ii 66.15 .

(a) pain, ailment, complaint: ní no ícad a ances (: les), LU 4292 . a nol meda dí dobreth / nī bo ances cech thucai `'twas no hurt whoever gave it', Thes. ii 347.4 (Hy. v) .i. ni bu domain, 348.26 . cethri . . . cen tedmann cen aṅceiss (aṅces foraib, v.l.), ZCP xi 83 § 28 . forithin gach angcisi etar dáoinibh ┐ cethraibh, BNnÉ 126.33 . ós siabhradh meallta meise / gan súil éirghe ón aincis-se, Dánta Gr. 47.58 . tréde neimthigedar liaig: dígallræ, díainme, comchissi cen ainchiss (ainces, v.l.) `a painless examination', Triads 119 (? or under (c) infra, certain diagnosis). Frequ. in association with galar: ro ícc cech ngalar ┐ cech n-a.¤ , Trip.² 172 . is ed fotera galar ┐ angcessa forsna clanna, Ériu i 218 § 3 . gallra ┐ aincesa, Laws v 352.20 . Note also: [fer] . . . don fainicc galar nainches, an unknown disease(?), RC iii 344.20 ( n-ainchis, Aisl. Óeng. 47 § 4 ); ?leg. galar ┐ ainces (but cf. (c) infra). saíba ┐ mortlada, ┐ gallra, ancessa for tuatha, ZCP xi 89 § 18 . Cf. galar .i. gnáthach ┐ aincis .i. ingnathach, O'Dav. 1049 . a sore: gerr ┐ loisg an aingcis 'cut and burn the sore' Celtica ii 34 § 8 .

(b) difficulty, trouble, vexation, annoyance: bid aingcess la Ultu in dal so do gleód it will be impossible, LU 8215 ( FB 16 ). ba aincis mór lei an ro bíth leis día slógaib she was greatly disturbed, 6144 (TBC). ba aingcess laiss in dál dodfánic he was perplexed about the matter, 8774 ( FB 58 ). is torcda . . . no taí frim mor decrai ┐ mór aingcessa do thabairt form, 10831 = mórdhecrai ┐ mórainchesa `to lay such hardship and infliction upon me', Ériu xii 178 § 9 (TE2.). iarsain imsaitis for deis / cen sil n-úabair na haincceiss, SR 1126 . noco tucad cucci ríam aṅceiss bud doilgiu leo `a more grievous annoyance', RC xiii 446 § 27 . cach aincis tar a racha a furtacht . . . dó, Acall. 6778 . agh ┐ accais ┐ aingces, LL 404b24 . ní ruirmiu . . . a tainic de ancessaib Eireann, AFM ii 600.17 . aingcis .i. mallachd, O'Cl. Fig. Of persons etc.: o 'tcuala . . . in n-ainceis sin (i.e. Antaeus) icc indredh na hAffraicci, CCath. 2920 . na hamaiti ┐ na haincisi atá ac milliud in tiri, Acall. 6767 . Of weather: bile Tortan trom a ḟúaim / fri hainciss síne rorúaid, Metr. Dinds. iv 242.30 . ro ferastur tromsneachta mor ┐ aincis ḟuardachta ar in cóiced, Acall. 3508 .

(c) doubt, difficulty, perplexity (frequ. ainches in this meaning): cid dogenaidh . . . don ainches doforfainicc `what will you do because of the doubt that has come upon you?' Ériu xii 186 § 18 (TE2.). do ceist ┐ do ances for Senchān in scēl sin S. was perplexed and uncertain about that story (the Táin), ACL iii 4.18 . fer dana . . . do ná bi ces na a.¤ i gcetheoruibh rannuibh fis filidhechta, Ériu xiii 18.10 ; cf. O'Dav. 409 : ces .i. gnáthach, a.¤ .i. ingnáthach [ut est] dí na bí ces na a.¤ i cetheoraib randaib fesa na filidechta (so in etymol. gloss on éces: .i. dona bi ces na ha.¤ do fhastodh fair, Laws iv 358.1 Comm. ēces .i. ēcmachtces .i. ēcmacht a ches d[o] airiuc i cetheora rannaib fis filidechta, Corm. Y 538 ). innis sgéala gan aincheas / nách beam i n-ainbhfeas umad, TD 38.1 . In phrases: atá i n-a.¤ x is in doubt about x: gibé rabh . . . / i n-aincheas bhar n-urfhoghaill `in doubt of thy speech' (i.e. of its meaning), Studies 1921, 74 § 7 . an chúis do cuireadh 'n-a leith . . . do bhí i n-aincheas a hinnill, DDána 63.14 . atá x ina a.¤ for y y does not know about x: sin do bheith 'na aincheas ort that you should not know that, Desid. 259 . ní feas ní 'n-a aincheas orra / d'ailcheas rolla ríghleabhar, DDána 122.16 . bíodh nach raibh orra aincheas `though they were not ignorant', Content. xv 39 . na seinleabhair do léughadh (ni nach bfuil 'na aincheas ar eolchaibh), RC iv 355.12 . fios ionaid an eiseirge / do bí orra 'na ainffios (aincheas, ainchios v.ll.), BNnÉ 198 § 30 .

(d) Legal difficult case or decision: cidh i fis, cid i nanfis, cidh i na.¤ [ro loisced], O'Curry 1168 ( H 3.18, 464a ). Here the `ainces' refers to an act which is not justified but is almost a necessary consequence or condition of one which is justified i.e., a man entitled to slay another has to burn his house to effect it but this he was not entitled to do, Plummer MS notes. lan-fiach . . . a fis, leth fiach i n-anfis ┐ cethraime a n-ances, Laws v 162.2 Comm. cach ninndligidh athgabala acht nimid ime (leg. mini dime) dethbere do ainfis no aincheas, ii 48.12 .i. nocha caoemnucuir gan na neche sin do dénum co inndligthuch, 50.3 Comm. leath fiach cach ainfis . . . ceathruma cach a.¤ , 52.26 . muna fuilet seoit acu [is] ances athgabhala do riagail riu, i 108.10 Comm. nocha racha in athgabail i llobadh dia rabat na deithbir(s)e so air .i. anfis, no ances, no econnus, no etged, 102.22 Comm. di anchesuibh athgabala, ii 66.15 . ma forae neach cinuid [i] nainceas no etghe, iii 66.15 . in t-aidni frisnindli breth .i. noco n-uil acht glanadh ┐ cinnedh luig (= luic, O'Curry 323 from H 3.18, 178a ) ┐ aincesa atarru ┐ in t-ollam, v 100.23 Comm. is tré erchóiliud foillsighter aincesa in betha it is though legal prouncements that the difficulties of the world are made clear, O'Dav. 812 . breth im ancesa tuath, O'D. 1573 (H. 5.15, 5b). lia do fír . . . [f]ri aiṅcessa (ancesa, anchesa v.ll.) mara .i. frisinni is anfis do neoch, forna-fagabthar breth acht fir ṅDe in cases of great perplexity, Cóic Con. 16 § 3 (see p. 64). ainceas a nendac echtrand itir manchu cille, O'Curry 986 ( H 3.18, 424a ). ? is hé . . . ba rí for Mume intan dobreth arances mbrethe alLeith Cuind co Mumain, Fianaig. 30.24 . a.¤ quasi anceps .i. aincid a fis ort, Corm. Y 89 . anches . . . .i. cuntabairt, O'Mulc. 45 .

As n.pr. Ibar macc nAṅgciss , LL 3281 .

adj = airchenda: ni bi duine . . . gan a fhod urdalta airchennta oidhedha d'urmaisi, MR 268.23 . is demin tainic mo lá / is gnim nairchenta iarmothá, CF 75.8 .

n ā, f. Vn. of ar-ceissi ( Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 486 ). IGT Verbs § 112 .

(a) act of compassionating, sparing, pitying; pity, compassion: do thabhairt díglae foir nípo dia a.¤ , Wb. 4c21 . is ar airchissecht dúibsi ni dechud sa cucuib, 14c40 . ar is mou ruicim les m' airchissechtae indaas digal do thabairt form, Ml. 22c14 . hond erchissecht gl. [diuina] propitiatione, 32d23 . inna erchisechttæ gl. misserandi, 120a5 . dlegair airchisecht `he deserves pity', Mon. Tall. 144.25 (§ 46) . cia dom chartib . . . dom airchisecht this is one of my friends come to comfort me, LU 6301 (TBC). ? tiumargain cin aircisecht .i. t. in bidbuidh do gin aircisecht in feichemhan toicheda, O'D. 573 ( H 3.17, 442 ). na bad scarad . . . athig ri shétig ac iarraid a airchisechta, LL 243b23 ( TTr. 1995 ). dia rom cur misi dot airchisecht, YBL 158b46 . bid uaite bar nairchisechtai i.e. there will be few to pity you, Alex. 223 . don cholainn tugas treiseacht / móide iarraim m'oircheiseacht, Dán Dé xi 2 . bud étrumaidi a iargnó ┐ a oirchisecht agum my regret and pity for him, MR 122.10 . In passive sense complaining, lamenting: ac écáini ┐ ac airchisecht, TBC-LL¹ 3657 . ni roloing cen airchisecht without pain, TBC-I¹ 1606 .

(b) act of helping, assisting, taking care of: ro aithniset fir Muman a ngiall dia airchisecht to be kindly treated, LU 4366 = dia n-airchiseacht, Anecd. i 16.8 . tainic dia oirchisecht on nairne sin i raibhae ó Find, RC xi 131.70 . oirchiosachd aoidheadh n-annamh (a work of charity), Mac Aingil 3612 . corp na maigdine do anorugad ┐ do oirchisecht `to honour and cherish', Grail 3720 . observatio legis et vitae .i. airchisecht cuirp ┐ anmai, O'Mulc. 297 . ro badus ac modsaine dom curp cin nach oircisecht do denum for m'anmain `serving my body when I gave no thought to my soul', Grail 3838 . Of a sympathetic message of warning, frequ. coupled with robud: tæt nech ūaib co robud ┐ co nairchisecht do Choinchulaind, TBC-I¹ 2319 . nach asrelgfedh ó Domhnaill dia orgain gan rabhadh ┐ airchiṡecht úadhasom dhó, Hugh Roe 158.20 . bertais Fergus rabudh ┐ oircissecht d feraib Erenn, ZCP viii 542.22 . adchonncatar chucu . . . aonmarcach le hoirchisecht rabhta `with an opportune warning', Caithr. Thoirdh. 61.26 .

Concrete alms, pittance see oirchisecht.

n (dubad) act of blackening, darkening; obscuring: urdhubhadh na gréine (at Crucifixion), Keat. ii 3146 . urrdhubhadh do theacht ar an ngealaigh nó ar an ngréin, Ó Héodhusa 156.2 . no go tainic ur-dhubadh na h-oidchi, Celt. Rev. iv 210.29 . Fig. saoí gan urdubhad . . . i nealadhnaibh, AFM v 1464.30 . ní thuigim . . . / . . . / nach ur-dhubhadh é ar mh'ḟios / mé d'umhlughadh dot oidios, Content. ix 5 . urdhubhadh aigeanta, TSh. 7947 . lé hurrdhubhadh urchóideach an fhormaid, 10731 . ní ghabhaim fo-ríor robhadh / díom ní fhaghaim mh' urdhobhadh I do not get rid of what obscures my good will, DDána 20.16 . buaidh ngaisgidh . . . do bhreith leis ar cháir gcuradh / gan gheis áigh gan urdhubhadh without seeking fight or remaining too obscure(?), L. Cl. A. B. 135.12 . olc ┐ úrdhúbha do-ní an chuid dínn agá mbí dúil a raingce harm(?), Párl. na mB. 3691 .

see Thurn., ZCP xx 353 and Marstrander, Lochlann ii 210 (s.v. aire). Perh. adj. o, ā in: airig gl. primi, Wb. 25b20 . ? Compar. druide . . . Lochru ┐ Lucat Mael, it hé robtar airecha díib ┐ roptar auctair in dana sin who were the most distinguished, Trip.² 328 (but perh. pl. of subst.).

Assubst. o, m. chief, noble, leader: air ind a.¤ gl. pro procero, Ml. 53a15 . a.¤ no thóisech aire gl. primus, primas, Sg. 50a26 . f uichi do tuba re nech / do-ní ogul don a.¤ , Cóic Con. 35 § 39 . dogníthea airig doib . . . comdar reachtaidi uile, BDD² 101 . Slainge . . . .i. in ceatramadh aireach Erenn ín neoch taíníc la P., BB 23bz . iomthusa an airigh Coneus Cliofort, Hugh Roe 210.17 (fo. 56a) . fithrach .i. airech fedha, O'Mulc. 595 . airigh .i. tóisigh, uasail no uachdaráin, O'Cl.

n (*ari + fot, O'Rahilly, Ériu xiii 177 ff. ?Cf. senairotib, Thes. ii 239.18 . Gender doubtful. Orig. o, n., O'Rahilly. Taken as f. in Sg. 148a6 by GOI p. 157 , see below, and treated as f. in later language. airet, Wb. 25d1 . eret, Ml. 107d8 etc., Sg. 148a6 . erat, Ml. 33a1 . arat, 80b7 .

Length, interval, space (of time, less freq. also of space), later amount, quantity. Very frequent in conjunctive and adverbial phrases.

I

(a) is ed á eret is gessi dia cene ṁbether in hac uita this is how long, Ml. 107d8 . is ed a erat fritammiurat inna huli, 33a1 . á eret tias in cascc isin mís how late E. falls in the month, Thes. ii 39.25 . a oired ba ferr dó ar bánbiudh a time of similar duration during which he fared better as regards white meat, Hib. Min. 67.4 . iss ed eret no bitis Ulaid insin i mMaig M., LU 3223 ( SCC § 1 ). Of space: lagat inna saigte . . . ┐ a arat dia tochuirther `the distance from which it is shot', Ml. 80b7 . is he a.¤ sain rosaig / lassar lái brátha brethaig, SR 2531 .

(b) a.¤ as long as, as far as: a.¤ nombeinn isnaib imnedaib, Ml. 59a22 . a.¤ mbete im theglachsa, BDD² 312 . a.¤ bés . . . a cutrumesi do súg inda curpsom `so long . . . as there is this much juice in his body', Mon. Tall. 150.39 (§ 61) . a.¤ nat negar `so long as it is not washed', 155.24 (§ 67) . erett bett aboss 'ga tigh, BColm. 98.32 . Eas Rúaid heret aiges núall as long as Assaroe resounds, Ériu iv 150.27 . airiut ba beo iat, Marco P. 98 . eiret tēiti uiseōc as high as a lark soars, TBC-I¹ 3613 . oiret teit cloch a taball, PH 3040 . See Hull, ZCP xxix 121 - 2 . With co: airet co facaidh cnoc, CCath. 1449 . airet co tainic de, 4622 .

(c) With article: an a.¤ ropsa béo, Trip.² 1434 . a n-a.¤ ro bátar sruithi Eirend occó ari, 2996 . an oired dobi-seom a C.C. as long as, RC xviii 268.11 (Tig.). an oiread ro bí M. ag rádha a shoiscéla, Imr. Brain i 65.4 . in a.¤ bātar ag dēnomh na hadmhāla, Fl. Earls 64.3 . in oiriut tra do geb in tuasal neach bus cutruma res in isul `as long as (i.e. provided) the noble gets an advocate equal in rank to the man of lower class', Laws ii 84.24. Comm. Of space: an airat ro soich a scor sidhe for gach leith `as far as their `scor'-lands extend on every side', Laws iv 226.z . in oiret dochoid how far, PH 3039 .

In mixed construction with both article (or prep.?) and poss.: ina a.¤ báttar fein ar foccra during the period of their proscription, AFM vi 1974.3 .

(d) With cia how long, how far? cia arat gl. quandiu, Ml. 32d22 . cia a.¤ co tíchtin nancrist how long (it will be) till the coming, Wb. 25d1 . ce hairead uathaibh go tír how far they were from land, BB 39a26 . With rel. clause: cia eret mbete oc m ingraimmim se? `how long will they be persecuting me?' Ml. 33a9 . cia hairett atáidh sunn?, RC xxvi 376.8 . nocon fess cairet rochúaid how far, RC xiii 442 § 15 . cia a.¤ imthéit? how far does it go? TBC-LL¹ 1146 .

(e) With article and demonstr. in adverbial phrase for that long, during that (amount of) time (case of a.¤ doubtful, see O'Rahilly and Thurn. ad loc. cit. In most exx. apparently a s. of a fem. noun): ind eret sa gl. tandiu, Ml. 114b14 . ?inn heret sin imbói, Sg. 148a6 (so O'Rahilly loc. cit.; accus., GOI p. 157 ) i.e. during the time he was in Rome. ni rabe isin bith ní dognethe in n-eret sin léu acht cluchi, LU 3225 ( SCC § 1 ). at forbaeltiseom in n-a.¤ sin, 2277 . fífat-sa forsna slógaib in n-a.¤ sin, 6312 (TBC). inn-airet-sain during that time, RC xiii 110 § 147 .

II

(a) amount, quantity, usually in phrases meaning as much as, etc.: in óiret cétna as much again, Maund. 212 . in oirid sin `so much as that', Aen. 2558 . a naei n-a.¤ `nine times the value (of the thing stolen)', Marco P. 41 . is i an oiread (uirid, MS.), O'Gr. Cat. 307.30 . aiseoguidh sé seacht noirid he shall restore seven fold, Proverbs vi 31 . sudh mérsi ┐ sugh fenéil oired da gach sugh `of either juice an equal bulk', O'Gr. Cat. 225.4 .

(b) In phr. in a.¤ sin DI so much (of): inn a.¤ sin da slúag that many of their host, MU² 681 . anuireadsa do chuidiughadh, Carswell 20.7 . an oiret sin do leic oigre, Marco P. 225 . Note also: a oirett shin ele d'airde do beith ann that it was as high again, BNnÉ 71 § 121 . With mixed construction: a rád . . . co ndingenad Dia . . . ina airett sin d'éccórad `would do such injustice', Maund. 118 .

(c) With prep. FRI: na losa . . . dobertai . . . do C. doberedh oired ris fein d'Fir diad dib sin gave as much to F.D. as he took for himself, TBC-LL¹ p. 517 n.9 . dogebuir oired rium-sa dhe you shall share it equally with me, ZCP vi 99.6 . beth ar uired re og mac to be on the same terms with, Fen. 348.22 . nár tualaing iadsan oiret re Mac Conmara do dénam could not do as much as M., Caithr. Thoirdh. 85.10 . ar oiret aimsire fris of the same age as he, AFM v 1734.24 . go rabhadar Laighin cheithre uiread do shluagh ré fearaibh Mumhan `had a host four times as numerous', Keat. iii 3212 . go bhfuil a urad d'ughdardhas agam fein leis an mbiobla, Luc. Fid. 323.16 . na hiarr duais ach uiread leó look not for any more reward than they do, Measgra D. 7.112 .

(d) With ocus and rel. clause: uiread grádha . . . ┐ atá aige dhó féin, Desid. 6041 . urad as do bhí ag Criosd, Luc. Fid. 323.16 . Note also: a uiread . . . ┐ a ttiobhra Dia dhuit, Desid. 4600 . oiread (uiriod, MS.) a bhfuarais aréir as much as you got last night, Ériu i 97.y .

(e) With gen. as much as, even (in neg. and condit. clauses): gan uiret deilcc bruit do bhúain da fhiodhbadh not to take even athorn, Anecd. iii 6.12 . a.¤ in grain[n]e musdaird do ṡeirc Isa, Marco P. 8 . airead copán as much as a single cup, ZCP viii 563 § 18 . gu hoiread an fhocail dhíomhaoin as lúgha dá ndubhart even the idlest word I have spoken, Desid. 1177 .

Note also: mór da n-uiredaibh great quantities of them, Aisl. Tond. 132 § 6 .

n [orig. o, n.] later m. (fuigell). uraghall, oraghall, uruigheall, oruigheall `cóir' (uirigheall, oirigheall `lochdach') m. (g s. -(a)ill. n p. -(a)ill, -le. d p. oraghlaib, ex. 1352 `lochdach'), IGT Decl. § 53 . Verbs § 83 .

(a) preliminary decision (oppd. to lánḟ. final d.), initiation of the legal process: trian in leithe i n-urfuigell co breth ┐ sechtmad in leithe co hurfuigell, ZCP xvi 194.4 . mad accra gach nech olchena . . . is geall da screpull déc fris do scur troisce co aurfuighell ┐ sechtmad i n-urfuigill ┐ triangille iar mbreth for cessation of fasting till preliminary hearing takes place, 6 . geall urfuighill, Laws ii 96.3 Comm. tacra im a reir .i. . . . o tiucfait a reir a urfuigill gu tisat a reir a lan-fuigill, v 252.16 Comm. is ed i[s] fuigell and, breth in bretheman etirdeiligeas doib .i. da geall don breithemhan, in tan tecar ina urḟuigheall um tiachtain a lanḟuigheall, Cóic Con. 60 § 143 . airuigeall .i. geall aire, sechtmad mad becc, O'Curry 1979 (H. 4.22, 18). mása dligedh nurfuigill ro cuirset cusin mbreithemain, O'D. 1651 (H. 5.15, 21a). a forba anta i nurfuigell ┐ in lan fuigill re re dithma, Laws iii 324.22 Comm. co techt nurfuighill . . . iar mbreithemnus, i 276.11 Comm. gidh fáth eagla an t-urfhuigheall, Dán Dé xv 3 .

(b) proposal, suggestion of terms for agreement, decision: racham . . . lesin uirighell sin ┐ indeósam dó é, BCC 116.22 . sul doronsat a n-uraghall, Acall. 2798 v.l. 's níorbh' í an chomhairle chumhang / do rónsad mun uradhall, Content. ii 47 . is síad sin comhairle Caid / na horuighle (horḟuighle v.l.) adir Diarmaid, IGT Decl. ex. 1353 . do-chúaidh a ccomhuirle dhíbh / oruighle sídh ḟúair gá ḟéin, 1367 . da cluined in t-iarla in t-uirigill-sin, ZCP vi 27.11 . do s[h]loind a aithesg ┐ a uirighell, ML² 789 . iar ttairccsin a aithiscc ┐ a orfhuighill, Hugh Roe 122.z (fo. 33a ). tús aithiscc ┐ uradhaill d'fior a ionaid dia eis (a perquisite of Maedóc of Ferns), BNnÉ 248 § 200 (urighill, urghill, v.l.). dobeir grasa a n-gnim ┐ a n-urḟuighill dó anagaid a namat, Maund. 139 . tāinic Cairell do Cianōig d'innisin a uirigill ō Bictar aingel tar ēis a treidenais to tell of the angel Victor's proposal, ZCP vii 308.5 . ag aithfriotal uirghill an Diabhail re Críost (of the temptation), Eochairsg. 58.37 . Attrib. g s. óm fhior uraghaill `from my advocate', Aithd. D. 59.24 .

(c) In more general sense address, speech, utterance: ?sōermacāmh na nDomhnannach . . . a fīreinech re filedaibh a n-uirghillaibh re hairdrīghaib, ZCP xiii 166.4 . is and dobered Ota ben Turges a huricli (frecartha v.l.) ar altoir Cluana mic Nois `used to give her audience', Cog. 12.14 . ?rún a n-orḟuighle, TD 9.23 . gi bé rabh . . . i n-aincheas bhar n-urfhoghaill `in doubt of thy speech', Studies 1921, 74 § 7 . dorinde N. auragull fri hE. `N. addressed H.', Stair Erc. 1841 . suidh th'aigneadh im uradhall `do thou heed my words', Dán Dé xi 2 . tús is earr an uraghuill i.e. the content of the poem, DDána 121.31 . acfuinn uraghaill the power of speech, TSh. 4195 . Extended meaning: gaoth as ghairbhe urughall, PBocht 25.8 .

As quasi-vn.: táinicc . . . d'urḟuigeall Ch. re hI. to discuss C. with I., Acall. 1623 . ro budh córa fileadha da n-uradhall it were more proper for poets to address them, ML 104.19 .

(áirge)

(a) adj. o, ā having numerous herds: tír na ngort n-airgheach, Measgra D. 45.23 . an fhian airgheach (: airmeach), Top. Poems 120.20 . ? Conall oirgheach aighthidhe, Irish Texts iv 45.9 . gleann A. na áit airgheach a place for the herds to lie down in, Isaiah lxv 10 .

(b) subst. o, m. herdsman: tainic airgech . . . cuicce armentarius , BNnÉ 218 § 103 . tainic a airgeach go Ciaran, 122 § 61 . aircceach i Cheallaigh, Ériu iv 61 § 54 (= buachail bo, § 55 ).

io, n. Later f. Vn. of ad-noí. In later lang. with dental inflexion in pl. n p. aitheanta, DDána 20.4 . aichenta, SG 16.32 . g p. aitheantadh, TSh. 9691 . Note also n p. aithnighi, ZCP vi 83.22 .

(a) Act of depositing, handing over, entrusting. In Laws used of the handing over or depositing of any object of value with another person apparently either for safe keeping or on loan; also of the object so handed over, abstract and concrete applications not being distinguished. ? atait secht treaba . . . ariscuille coir urnadhma a.¤ ar cia loiscear ni tuillit aithgin seven houses in which according to correct procedure for binding contracts a pledge may not legally be deposited(?), Laws v 160.2 . secht n-a.¤ . . . na dlegat a taisic seven deposits . . . which need not be returned, 190.13 . atait secht n-a.¤ . . . dlegait a taisic . . . a.¤ laime do laim etc. seven deposits which must be restored, 196.1 . na huile a.¤ uile ro haithnighedh do duine all the deposits which have been entrusted to him (= sét, 5 Comm.), ii 304.15 Comm. trian isan a.¤ naenuaire `for taking charge of property for one hour' (during a battle), iii 218.23 Comm. cidh fodera co fuil trian ar a na.¤ seo ┐ co na fuil acht dechmadh is na aithnibh aile? 220.3 Comm. cid fodera co na fuil acht leth fiach isin a.¤ so ┐ co fuil lan fiach isin na.¤ eile? 500.13 Comm. aithni láime . . . a.¤ sula . . . a.¤ tengad, O'D. 938 - 9 ( H 3.17, 659a ). ingairi an aithni, O'Curry 240 ( H 3.18, p. 135 ). an a.¤ do dena duine d'a cheile . . . da ndechad amugha as ic do, O'Curry 302 (ib. p. 166). a slechtaib aithni . . . don tí da tugad ar oin no ar a.¤ , 2460 ( Eg. 88, fo. 37(38)c ). in cutruma . . . do ic o fir in tigi re fir na ha.¤ , O'D. 348 ( H 3.17, c. 268 ). corus aithni aracan fénechus, 938 ( H 3.17, c. 659a ). O'Dav. 692 . im oin ┐ im a.¤ ┐ im airlegad, Laws ii 280.4 Comm. sét óna no a.¤ , i 248.11 Comm.

In non-legal texts: a n-a.¤ gl. depositum, Sg. 66a26 . maraith sercc céin mardda a.¤ love remains as long as gifts (?) remain, Thes. ii xxii 1 . tri dorcha in betha: a.¤, ráthaiges, altrom `giving a thing into keeping', Triads 249 . trí a.¤ na dlegat taisec: a.¤ n-écuind ┐ ardneimid ┐ a.¤ fuirmeda, 157 . atcota aichne augra `giving in charge begets strife', RC xlv 63 § 17 ( Anecd. iii 11.13 ). aithnedh (a.¤, v.l.) tāinic ūad / ara rīsedh slān `the deposit that came from him' (i.e. the soul), Ériu iv 238 § 17 . cach n-aithni co coimdi every pledge is to be protected, ACL iii 228.73 . ba comrar aithni tuath ┐ ilcinel na h-uili Aissia it was a chest for the wealth of all the peoples and races of Asia (of a city), BB 444a32 . In cheville: dob olc an aithne, Content. xvi 70 . Of entrusting a person to another's care: dursan dam t'aithni dot aileamain . . . do mnui meblaig I am loathe to entrust you for nurturing to a treacherous woman, TTebe 2234 . do chaithfinn m'a.¤ d'Iosa I must commend myself to Christ, Dán Dé i 2 . sinn don aingeal gar n-a.¤ (i.e. Michael), DDána 99.44 .

(b) act of commanding, enforcing; command, behest: a a.¤ do cogad do dhenamh `exorting him to fight', Cog. 147 n.12 . ar a.¤ m'uachtráin at the behest of my superior, MS. Mat. 550.14 . cuiriss (viz. an pápa) a letrecha ┐ a a.¤ co n-a shēla mōr go priōir L., Fl. Earls 142.16 . ro thōcoibset na doctūiridhe de ier gcor a.¤ i n-a aghaidh against his orders(?), 144.18 . ní droch-a.¤ dhamh `it is not a bad principle of mine', Content. xviii 112 . Of enforcing payment of debt: rīg do aithne na fhīach, MacCongl. 45.25 . ? élud a.¤ athgabáil, Metr. Dinds. iii 18.224 (things not allowed during an assembly). In scriptural sense commandment: ga mhéud a.¤ ann? — deich n-aithenta, Parrth. Anma 2120 . tuccad na haithnedha do Móyci, Maund. 48 . crann na ha.¤ (the forbidden tree of Paradise), Dán Dé iii 6, 13 . mar do choill Éabha an a.¤ , DDána 6.8 . cúig a.¤ na heaguilse the five precepts of the church, Mac Aingil 3104 . cuirid fa a.¤ ar enjoins on: do cuir fa a.¤ orra dul isin oilen he enjoined on them to go to the island, ZCP xi 122.17 . cor chuir Dia fa a.¤ ar C.C. rí Alpan do denamh d'Aedhan, 126.11 . a cur fa a.¤ orra gan Cormac do chur docum bais, BCC 278.23 .

n o, m. (aithrech) repentance; regret: ailitre gan a.¤ , SG 32.12 . cia da ni . . . a.¤ , Laws iii 12.14 . gebis athrechus mór Coincul. in lá sin .i. bith for in táin itir a oenur, TBC-LL¹ 2316 . dia nom' ghébhadh a.¤ , MR 14.24 . rodngab athrechus do thecht an tslúagaid etir they regretted that they had ever gone, TTr.² 1623 . cuirfed a a.¤ súd ort fos `I will make thee repent of that yet', ZCP vi 91.10 . tāinic a.¤ di Diermait a mac di bādhadh, vii 306.15 . ní tráth aithreachais d'fhuil Conaill, DDána 110.1 .

n f. n s. ind ālaigh (: Adhuimh), ZCP viii 195 § 4 . a s. alaig, LU 4267 . d s. álaig, Metr. Dinds. ii 62.11 . n p. áilche, ZCP xi 86 § 42 . álcho, vii 268 § 5 . alcha, v 485 § 2 . d p. álchaib, Fianaig. 26.7 . Later álad o, m. in phrase a.¤ ┐ airlabra (? infl. of allud). n s. aladh, Hugh Roe² 342.19 . g s. alaig, 2.17 . alaigh (sic leg.), 72.21 .

Habit, behaviour, practice: it olc[a] álcho do chuirp, ZCP vii 268 § 5 . utmall alcha ócduine, LL 121a marg. sup. alcha bár (.i. bēsa súadh), ZCP v 485 § 2 (B. na f.). is di álchaib ind ḟir léith / labrad a cobraud a scéith `it is one ot the habits of the grey-head', Fianaig. 26.7 . Baetán nar brónach á.¤ , Metr. Dinds. iv 340.15 . it é a n-āilche nasluinniur dūib ... nī gonat cnes, crūaidh a mbara, atgonat cride, ACL iii 297 § 53 . cnáifed dia á.¤ (álaid alaibh falaig v.l.) óg n-ell `it would have wasted by its doings all the kine' (of a serpent). Metr. Dinds. ii 62.11 . Of good habit, virtue: dech áilche ainmne the best of all virtues is patience, ZCP xi 86 § 42 . ere crábaid co censai / álaig (alaib aluigh (.i. besa), aluid v.ll.), Ériu ii 65 § 10 . fer in grāid rogrādhaig Dia / dligid a ālaig nemh nūa, ACL iii 307 § 22 . rúagh ind ālaigh virtue is blighted(?), ZCP viii 195 § 4 . Of good manners: at mathi ... fir Breg ... im gnáis im alaig im sotlotus, LU 4267 . in mind mail (.i. is ferr ict ┐ alaig tainic), Ériu viii 172.20 . Freq. with airlabra: iter gaís ┐ á.¤ ┐ errlabrae, BDD² 1076 . inmain t'á.¤ is t'irlabra, LL 10892 (TBC). gnúis (= gnás § 80 v.l.), alaig, erlabra, Triads § 86 . aladh .i. bésa maith, p. 38 . do raithne a gnuis a aladh ┐ [a] erlabhra, Hugh Roe² 342.19 . Note further: alaigh .i. glicus, ut est: alaigh a cainbesa, Ériu xiii 63 § 24 . aladh .i. gliocas: tré álaigh a urlabhra, O'Cl.

Of an ingenious act: clesradh dognith forsna cairib ingnadh alaig (: lāmaib), Anecd. i 57 § 59 . séig indiu glasreng indé / ingnad alaig utmaille, LU 1328 ( Imr. Brain ii 291 ).