Prep. and conj. like, as . Unstressed form of d s. of 1 samail ( GOI § 178 , § 826 . But rhymes and alliterates in classical verse, e.g. IGT Decl. ex. 607 ). As a rule contracted to am̄ in MSS. Archaic amail ( GOI § 168 ) ( Wb. 21c10 , 22c14 , both a prima manu, Críth G. 461 , Hib. Min. 188 ). Usual form in O. Ir. glosses amal ( Wb. 6a30 , 10c12 , Ml. 107c8 , Sg. 217a8 . amál, Thes. i 5.37 ). In later lang. amail. Leniting ( amal chlanda, Ml. 123c8 . amal chon-degam, 107c8 ). Glosses Lat. quasi, Wb. 11a11 , Sg. 9b11 , etc.; sicut, Wb. 2a11 , 6a30 , 14c17 , Ml. 34b6 , etc.; tamquam, Wb. 9a3 , etc.; uelut, Ml. 23c9 ; ut, Wb. 10d19 , 22c14 , Ml. 54a21 .

I As prep. with accus. For forms with suff. pron. see 2 samail. Note also: amaltsa, IT i 72.35 = amal tussu, 18 . amlut, TBC(C) 575 . Later somet. with independent pron.: amal tussu (supra), amhail é, DDána 116.5 . Eventually replaced by mar (see immar): amar (amal, v.l.), TTebe 929 . Cf. amair, Laws ii 202.9 Comm. See Bergin, Ériu xiv 142 . like, as, similar to: amal tuthle no ailsin gl. ut cancer, Wb. 30b13 . ní amal inní asóircc gl. non quasi aërem uerberans, 11a11 . amal nahí nadchrenat gl. tamquam non possedentes, 10b7 . amal in n-altain gl. sicut rasorium, Ml. 72b8 . amal in lochairnn ṅaḟfracdai gl. quasi lanterna, Sg. 24a16 . amal inna anman asrubartmar `like the nouns', 188a29 . amal na heliu, 9b2 . amál chócúll dercon no chno, Thes. i 5.37 . amal nathracha bodra sicut , 485.19 ( Tur. 11 ). amal airig ndésa, Críth G. 367 . intan mbete renna nime amail éscai ┐ éscai amail gréin, Ériu ii 200.18 . amal firu cathacha, Trip.² 803 . feil . . . docuiridar echdar corgus . . . amail chaindech `the feast of a saint that falls outside Lent, as for instance Cainnech's', Mon. Tall. 135.2 (§ 22) . amhuil a cinaidh féin `like his own crime', Laws iv 88.8 Comm. nocha tánic amail a samla . . . nocha tánic . . . buiden amail a lethide, Celt. Rev. ii 220.26 (omission before first amail?). amal aig n-allaid, TTebe 1881 . amhail gach nduine oile, TSh. 254 . With dat. amal ruithnib grene, TBFr. p. 15 § 3 . amhail cherdcadaiph, BNnÉ 71 § 123 .

In phr. amal sin, so, ṡodain thus, so, in that case see 1 sin, 1 so, 1 suide.

II As conj., freq. but not invariably with follg. nasalizing rel. clause ( GOI § 498 , § 505 ).

(a) As comparative conj. with verb in indic. as, like as: amal ṅguidess athir a macc gl. tamquam pater filios deprecantes, Wb. 24d19 . amal fondrodil in coimdiu do chách gl. sicut diuisit Dominus, 10a11 . amal nonda thorisse frissintectairecht gl. tamquam misericordiam consecutus sum, 10a28 . amal nát anse dúib, 17c11 . amal arindchrin dǽ ┐ asindbail gl. uice fumi, Ml. 57a10 . amal nach fuar fessin inneuch, 57d3 . amal as toísegiu grián . . . ┐ is laithe foilsigedar . . . sic is toissigiu, etc., 85b11 . amal as inna ngnimae gl. ut a sé profecto iure factorum, 17b3 . amal is na nassar gl. sicut Assiriorum, 54a22 . amal ṅ-dond-foirde ainmm `as a noun signifies it', Sg. 26b12 . amal addaas `as it is', Ériu ii 144 § 159 . amal as n-airdirc clearly, Trip.² 2066 . ro chí fora muime amal is bés do naídenaib, 115 . amail nach dentar dia domnaich `just as such things are not done on a Sunday', Mon. Tall. 148.3 (§ 55) . amail bis mes in feóir in ḟamfucht (sic) fa i ngemfucht `according to the appraisement of the grass in the hot or in the cold season', Laws iv 146.15 Comm. dligidh . . . / a bhrondadh amhail chuinghes, ZCP viii 109.13 . dobérthar . . . dia tuca tinnscra amal asbérthar, TBFr. 177 . as-bert in so huile amal rom-múin dó in fer, BDD² 168 . amail indises canóin, ZCP viii 114.2 . amail ba bes di . . . `as was her wont', RC vi 175.1 . amhail thógaibhthear an cháith uas an ghrán, Desid. 2918 . In later lang. combined with ┐, mar: amhuil ┐ chromas an géadh a cheann, Desid. 1923 . amhail mar stiúrionn ┐ mar oibrighionn siad, Corp. Astron. xxiv 10 . amhail ┐ mar atá, 2.7 . amhail mar do rinne Iudas, Donlevy 254.13 .

Folld. by second member of comparison (as . . . so): amal nondubcairimse carad cách uaibsi alaile gl. eandem caritatem habentes, Wb. 23c12 . amal nád robe . . . ní bia, 1d2 . amal as corp do crist æclesia is corp mulier uiro , 22c13 . amal as ndian . . . mbis is denithir sin . . ., Ml. 57c12 . amal durigni . . . dogena . . . `as He has done . . . so also will He do', 50d10 . amal fōides in naingel . . . doróiter dún . . . `as he sent the angel . . . may he be sent to us,' Thes. ii 304.1 (Hy. i). amal soite a shlúaig úad soid a grád ┐ a gráin for cúlu, ZCP xi 86 § 45 . With follg. clause introduced by an adv. (samlaid, etc.): amal nadngaib lius di suidiu is samlid insin nisgaib som lius di . . . , Ml. 34b6 . amal rombói ingnae cáich is samlid . . ., 26b8 . amal fongníter ídil síc fogníther donaib ánib, Wb. 27b9 . amál nád ṅdéni neutur dindí as tiberis . . . síc ní déni, Sg. 63a17 . amuil is etarbach grech na cno faisi cen torad aici is amlaidh is etarbach na neiche sin do denam, Laws iv 36.17 Comm. amal do-rala . . . thall . . . is amlaid do-rala sund, PH 146 . amail adcondarcais misi co granna . . . ar tús ┐ alaind fadeoid, is amlaid sin in flaithius, RC xxiv 200.17 . amail teit . . . is amhlaidh sidhe as . . . so, Stair Erc. 499 . amal is e cet lá na sechtmaine in domnach . . . is amal-sin . . . is e is ochtmad lá . . ., PH 3585 . After compar.: is mesu andas amuil robui, Laws iv 156.12 Comm. do badh líonmhaire da n-édálaibh . . . inás amhail ro fhédsat a ttiomáin, Hugh Roe 88.8 (fo. 23b) . bá moa a n ainm ┐ a n oirdearcus inas amhail tangattar, AFM v 1848.z .

In PH with ellipse of verb. (cf. the Lat. construction): co mbí in t-í dobeir hí i n-a shímontaig amal in t-í gabus, 7595 . do thabairt ascad amal rig do as (on) a king, 2838 . fofhuaras duine amal mo chride a man after my own heart, 6479 . Prob. also in: me-si tra amal mo brathri tindnacimm mo chorp . . ., 6640 . Note also: amal alanaile ndoine gl. ut caeterorum, Ml. 54a21 , a literal transl. of the Lat.

(b) With impf. subj. in meaning as if, as though (in this constr. not as a rule followed by rel. clause, see OIPG 209 ): ro pridchad dúib céssad Críst amal ad-cethe `Christ's passion has been preached to you as though it were seen', Wb. 19b6 . is amal bid fri Crist frisorthe `it is as though ye offended against Christ', 10c12 . amal ninfessed cách et ronfitir calléic gl. sicut qui ignoti et cognoti, 16a2 . amal ni bimmis cutrummi frib gl. quasi non pertinguentes, 17b16 . amal ni cuimsimmis a denum gl. quasi [nos] infirmi fuerimus in hac parte, 17c18 . amal ni risinse do bar cosc si gl. tamquam non uenturus sim ad uos, 9a19 . amal nombemmis érchóilti gl. tamquam morti destinatos, 9a3 . amal fid a fondamtis gl. quasi longam famem passi `as (though) it were when they suffered', Ml. 34b11 . amal bid do íc a galair gl. velut in doloris solacium, 23c9 . amal bid ind aimsir feisin, Sg. 188a26 . amal ni bed ad and, 217a8 . amal bith do chonsain, amal as ṅ-dí `as though it were to a consonant, (or) as it is to it', 9b11 . amal bid oc caíned in guḟorgaill, Trip.² 87 . no lastais in aidche amal betis ruithni gréni, TBFr. 27 . amal ní acced is ní cloath ní `as if he saw not and heard not anything', Ériu iii 104 § 40 . amhoil búdh fear fiadhoigh thú, Desid. 3183 . With condit.: amhail do bhiadh gráin . . . aca air, TSh. 4255 . Later a.¤ ┐: amhuil ┐ do bheith riachtanas aguinne réna seirbhís, Desid. 5244 . The following may be elliptical, but could also be referred to I: otconnairc a gnúis amal aingel as (though it had been that of) an angel, PH 1313 . ni hairmither amal duin-orcuin do sin it is not counted as manslaughter, 4208 . atchīam-ne tú amail catharda díless hi neim, BColm. 106.6 . amal tofunn dotṡéstae as though it were a pursuit wherewith thou wert pursued, Ériu i 200 § 25 (supply bid?).

(c) As temporal conj. expressing simultaneousness, while, when: amal immind-ráitset con-accatar F. cuccu `as they were talking about it they saw F. coming towards them', Thes. ii 241.11 (Ardm.). amal batar ann . . . co n-accatar in tene, Trip.² 445 . amail notreigtis addurtaig `when they left the oratory', Mon. Tall. 132.12 (§ 12) . amal atib in dig nirbo chumain laiss F., LU 4030 ( SCC 48 ). amal batar and . . . ico'n ol, PH 76 . amal itcualae . . . H. . . . . a beth i n-oentuma, 834 .

(d) As explicative conj. with adverbial force how, in what state, manner; how in sense of (the fact) that: bá foderc dó . . . amal ro both and how things were there, LU 8219 ( FB 16 ). a scrutan i n-a menmain amal doragad airi, 8223 (17). ni chumaic . . . innisin inna n-airecht sin amal itát what they are like, 1997 ( FA 6 ). indēsad dáib madh āil libh / amhail fūaradar oidhidh how they died, ZCP viii 119 § 1 . atchifet amal digeltar forru, PH 2806 . tabhair an taiplis don tigh / gu faicmis amhail imrid, IGT Decl. ex. 607 . do ordaigh Tairrdelbach . . . do lucht túaisceirt amal no raghdais dia taig, RC xviii 55.1 (Tig.). ro indis in echtra ┐ amail dochuadar for iar[r]aid usci, xxiv 202.4 . innister dó amhail ro escain Espuc E. . . . in fled, MR 24.18 .

(e) Doubtfully causal in: amal is i lóu bad sochrud ar n-imthecht gl. sicut in die honeste ambulemus 'since it is in the day', Wb. 6a30 . amal is tre bar tabirtsi dochum nirisse gl. sicut et uos nostra (gloria) . . ., 14c17 . In both cases the use of amal is no doubt due to the Lat. sicut. Possibly also: amail is tre metur ro cet in chantaice, Hib. Min. 6.188 .

Miswritten (am̄) for amlaid (aml—) in: is amal ro-batar in corp ┐ in cend oc tepersain fola, PH 1881 . is amal bói I. oc ernaigthi, 2202 . is amal fo-s-gébtái it é eroslacthi, 3753 .

In IGT Introd. 2.14 , 33.6 in phrase samhlughadh amhuil of adjectives in -amuil derived from nouns.

adj (attoídiud) shining, resplendent: amal ata n-atoitecha gl. ut uice luminis resplendentia, Ml. 20d7 . luaichtidiu .i. aittoitech .i. giul gl. fulgida, 40d4 .

u and o, m. vn. of crechaid. creachadh, IGT Verbs § 80 .

(a) act of plundering, raiding; booty : crechadh allmar `herrliche Beute', Snedg. u. Mac R 60 . ar c.¤ ┐ ar madmannaib, ZCP viii 111.12 . gur ro tharrus creach d'a chreachadh, Ériu i 102 § 59 . fear creachaidh Gall is G., O'R. Poems 2047 . creachadh nō fuadach, Parrth. Anma 2545 . ? crechadh comhnaidhe, Ériu xiii 25.11 .

(b) Of some action of metal(?) on skin or flesh cauterizing(?), branding(?) (see O'Rahilly, Ériu xiii 168 ); perh. tattooing or imitation of this on a leg-band , Meyer, ZCP x 401 . firend .i. id bis im c[h]olpa niad in cuius uicem crechtir(id) id crechdha (perh. part. of crechaid, see crechda) im c[h]olpa fer, Corm. Y 586 = feirenn .i. idbus imcolpdai fir incius uice crechthir id crechtha incholbdu amal nobith dinindile comdascach . . ., Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, 309.21 . colpa iarna c.¤ no icatá in colpa glas iarna c.¤ , Anecd. v 22 n. 7 gl. gairglas. creccoire .i. doniad crecad glas ar na roscaib `who produce a green sore on the eyes', Laws v 108.30 Comm. leighister na fiacla óna creachad ` cautery ', O'Gr. Cat. 269.10 . do chuinceallaib an creachaidh `cautery', 268.34 . a creachad maille iarand dearg, y 0 . Perh. of a method of inlay or engraving in: iarna cumrech . . . iar na c.¤ (of bells etc. on High Priest's robe), SR 4511 . tri nói saiget . . . / immon bil tria c.¤ cirb, Metr. Dinds. iii 122.32 . isin lá in a mbia an ttairmcriotnughadh ar crechadh an aeoir, Leb. Gab.(i) 130 n.4 . (leg. crethad = crith ?).

v ā (1 crech). ro chrechaig, LL 24029 .

(a) plunders, spoils, ravages : mór magh rocreach um a crodh, ZCP viii 227.14 . ram cenglatar ram crechsitar (of sins), Ir. Lit. 6.8 . do creachadh . . . / sinn, DDána 95.3 . ná creach a áit coimhnuighe = spoil not, Proverbs xxiv 15 .

(b) marks, sears, cauterises : ro crechad anís co crissu 'he has been tattooed from below to the waist' EIS 54 § 10 . firend .i. id bis im c[h]olpa niad in cuius uicem crechtir (sic leg.) id crechdha im c[h]olpa fer, Corm. Y § 586 . = feirenn .i. idbus imcolpdai fir incius uice crechthir id crechtha incholbdu amal nobith dinindile comdascach, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919 309.20 . crectar ainnsein 'let it be cauterised then' Celtica xvii 115 § 1 . crech ainnsein 'then cauterise it' 116 § 9 .

n t, f. Smoke, haze , &c. n s. dé, from the Glosses (dæ, Ml. 57 a 10 ) up to the present day. Rhyming with clé BB 31 b 8 ; with gné, LL 199 b 47 . Seldom diad, modelled on the ā-stems, BB 450 b 12 , EIS 140 § 22 . g s. diad, Ml. 40 c 1 . TBC-LL¹ 187 . CCath. 1502 . Hy Maine 57 a 2 . AFM vi 1962. 12 ; 2198. 3 . TSh. 187. 23 ; mod. id. and déithe (Kerry).—The derivative dethach points to disyllabic diäd. Unfortunately I have no instance from old poetry. a s. diaid, Expuls. 187 . RC ii 396. 1 f.b. LL 110 a 12 . BB 365 b 17 . PH 2407. 7109 . MacCongl. 63. 6 . O'Dav. 632 . 1586 . diaig TBC-LL¹ 5508 . Superseded by the nom. form dé, AFM vi 2116. 8 f.b. ; mod. dé and déith (sic W. Kerry). d s. diaid, LL 124 a 41 . díaig, PH 2505 . died, RC iii 344. 12 = diaid.

I Smoke, fume , as opposed to lasar `flame' and 1 teine `fire.' It renders Lat. fumus. diaidh .i. múch smoke, vapour P. O'C.

(a) uice fumi omnis eorum elatio euanescit, gl. amal arindchrin dæ ┐ asindbail as smoke perishes and dies Ml. 57 a 10 . rothin (sc. in diabul) fochétóir amal diaid, RC ii 396. 1 f.b. Todd Lect. v 97. 11 . attáit tenti ┐ fóidit diaid in teined sair co hOsseirge, Expuls. 187 . atáid tenid cáin...cen diaid cen chiaig cen crithir, MacCongl. 63. 6 ; 117. 21 . dath na diad, Hy Maine 57 a 2 . amal téid de do deightheinidh, Lib. Flav. 33 b 2. 14 . is cumair in pian aimserda ar is fri diaid thened is casmail, PH 2407 . teine diad a smoky fire : teanndáil nó t. dhiadh, TSh. 187. 23 . the smoke from an encampment: ragabsatar dúnad ┐ longphort inn aidchi sin cor ba dlúim diad ┐ tened (a standing phrase) etir chethri áthaib Ái, TBC-LL¹ 187 . the smoke from a volcano: co maiged (i.e. maided) a duibdiad ┐ a lasra a huamaib ┐ a hairchelaib in tṡlébi sin (i.e. Etna) BB 450 b 12 . the smoke from a devastated country or city: dar leo is tre smúitcheo diad ┐ tre corrthair lasrach nolaefedh in cathraigh uile, CCath. 1502 . dé is dethach smoke and vapour : robad smúittcheo diadh ┐ dethaighe in tír uile dia néis, AFM vi 2198. 3 . an dlúiṁcheo diadh ┐ dethaighe roleth óna forloisccthib, ib. vi 1962. 13 . ib. 2116. 8 f.b. dochuireadar an baile uile tre smúr dhiadh ┐ deataigh, Caithr. 52. 15 .

(b) a smoking fire = teine diad: a thócbáil ┐ a chosa suas...┐ de mór fói, PH 1238 .

(c) the smoke of a fired gun: roleiccsiot dé ┐ detach a ndubhpúdair foa súilib, AFM vi 2116. 8 f.b.

(d) odorous smoke as that of incense : túis...athascnaid a de side iarna hadandad i núaislib nime, PH 7020 . amail diaid thúsi, ib. 7109 .

(e) smoke, fume as the symbol of Satan and the demons : dochonnaic sí in satan...a dhe ┐ a lasair asa chraes ┐ asa ṡróin, Lism. L. 1409 . Todd Lect. v 74. 13 . a dé ┐ a lassar asa chraess ┐ asa ṡrónaib sechtair, Three Hom. 72. 30 . dochóid ass in draicc ┐ tórruma demun impe coro lín in tempul dia díaig ┐ dia bréntur, PH 2505 .

(f) smoke or fume, arising from the anger of the righteous: in dé iarum tánic dítsu ar thimdergad foloi side i nardda coro scáil na demna LL 273 b 48 , ZCP x 378 .

II Esp. the smoke from the hearth or house-fire (tellach); hence sometimes, like teine and tellach, as a symbol of the house or the home. hi tellach thírmaide...nárotlosci a lassar nárotbena a dé, MacCongl. 95. 27 . dé do thig, LB 156 a 57 . nocho bia i nÉirinn...teag ná treb ná ten ná de (: clé) BB 31 b 8 . co facca a dún fornocht cen diaidh cen teach cen tenid, ib. 365 b 17 . biaidh gan diaigh Eaṁuin Uladh, 3 C 13, 659. 9 .—According to old beliefs the smoke of the hearth betrays the secrets of the house and the fate of its inhabitants, cf. adgníed din died ( diaid, LL 124 a 11 ) notheche din tich a llín nombíd co nngalur ann (┐ cech galar nobíd and, add. LL), RC iii 344. 12 . asé sin dobeir aithne ar galar in duine tre diaig in tigi i mbí dḟaicsin TBC-LL¹ 5508 .

III Vapour or steam, arising from heat: coire airgdidi do ná tic dé ná deathach, FDG 507 . de en foulachtae the vapour of the concoction RC xii 100. 10 .

IV Haze, misty appearance, watery vapour : siadair denn do cach dinn: dé do loch linn lán haze from the lake of full waters Four Songs 10. 8 = RC v 202. 1 .

V Like Lat. anima breath, the breath as the principle of life, soul : dend .i. de ut est denn a nanma .i. dé a[n]ma i ndáinib hí .i. in anál. nó amail diaidh do theinid, O'Dav. 632 . dé den anam a little breath of life P. O'C. In this sense still common in the spoken language: tá an déith as he is dead, efflata est anima, opp. tá an déith ann he is still alive (W. Kerry, Conn.). cuireadh go dí deireadh na déithe é ach dochas sé airist, or dochuaidh sé go dí d. na d. he was on the point of death but recovered (W. Kerry, Conn.).

VI PROV. proprium fumi est ut ignem nuntiat secuturum, gl. is gnáth lassar hi tiarmoracht diad flame is customary after smoke Ml. 40 c 1 . is dorn im diaid tor mbriathar a multitude of words is a fist round smoke O'Dav. 1586 (Stokes' translation gives no sense); cf. as dorn im dhiaidh, BS 54. 27 .

VII COMP. mí-dé: is míde tucad dún tair. dorat mígne dár menmain, LL 199 b 47 .

MOD. dé, g s. diadh, déithe, v. V, VI. Obs. in Sc. P. O'C. also gives the sense ` grief, sorrow, sadness .'—Cf. dethach.