(often with mark of length; leniting). Apparently part of the copula, see Thurn. Hdb. 459 and Pedersen Vgl. Gr. i 270 . Or introducing second member of a disjunctive clause beginning with the interrogative i n-:

(a) imba bás ba bethu `whether it will be life or death' Wb. 23b32 . imb i céin fa i n-accus beosa (sive cum venero ... sive absens) 23b41 . nebmess for nech im maid fa olcc, 8d26 . im fochroíb bá chían `whether at hand or afar' Sg. 151b2 . im tri dígbail fa thormach in dírṡuidigud, 188a8 . in duit fein fa do nach ailiu, 209b30 . dēca ... in ba teclaim na fertus dogēna fa n-iomscothad whether thou wilt gather the poles or trim them TBC-I¹ 782 ( fa na n-i., LU 5259 , see under b below). cia de is[s]ruithiu, in ríg fa espuc, Laws iv 338.25 . ni ḟitir nech ... in cara fa náma ba nessam dó, TBC-LL¹ 630 . na fintar imbi fir fo anfir, Laws iv 284.12 . ro íarfaigh A. ... in tibértáis rátha friu fó ná tibhértáis, TTr.² 1814 . in córu in sinser ... do dul d'adrad in tṡósair, | fó in sósar ... is chóir d'adrad in tsinsir?, SR 1835 . niconfetar in rabi aen and, fó na rabi, MacCongl. 15.6 . ní fes tra an do nimh fá a talmain tainic an splangc, AFM vi 2012.7 .

(b) followed by i n-: in tre prois fa in tre metur ro ceta in t[s]ailim, Hib. Min. 6.176 (fanin, Harl.). cid ara ndéni G. in féli ... inn ar Dia fá inn ar daini, LU 9653 . cumma la luit in for tein focerdtar fan for colcaid , ZCP viii 104.1 . imba hāilgine ... ba m[b]a garge, ACL iii 293 . nocon fetarsa indat ilgnae ... fo indat tri fuilt, BDD 105 (Y = nó indat LU). cia so ṡén ... búi for in ló ... in ba maith fá in ba saich, TBC-LL¹ 1073 . Without preceding in: cid tathi dia for coimdeid ... Fón missi robriss recht?, SR 5533 . Cf. fá in arse (gl. an propterea) Enchir. Aug. 86b ( ZCP vii 485 ).

(c) Replacing i n- in first member of disjunctive clause: ní fes cecip tucht i tudchaidh fa fo síth nó fo eisíth AFM iii 286.3 . ? ba i nómun ba i nincridiu, Ériu i 195 § 10 . Cf. perhaps: bé fo ná bé ri and be there or be there not BDD 73 (Y).

fa nacc (gl. necne) Sg. 66a3 . in ... fa na(i)cc whether ... or not: imb anacol dom fa nac whether it be protection to me or no Wb. 23a6 . rofitirside imbo ho chridiu fa nacc 27c11 . in tree aem didiu fa nacc, 2c4 . in ruetarscar fa naic, Ml. 91c1 . in comscar ... fanaic, 91c9 . (nihil horum sciens .i.) indam soirthae ... fa naic, 91d4 . in chu[m]tubart ón in ícfider fa nacc, 96b11 . ba cumdubart in étaste fa naic 43d20 . lasin rubu chumtabart inda biad torbae fa naic do mol[ad] Dáe, 102d4 . robu anfiss dosom inrolég fanacc Sg. 148a6 .

(leniting) prep. with acc. and dat. Forms : fo Wb. 5b3 . 9c31 . Ml. 14d4 . 27d7 . 28c12 . Sg. 140a4 . 153b6 . Acr. 8b1 . BCr. 31c5 . SR 1596 . LU 1928 . 2970 . 4764 . 6615 . LB 67b14 . 171b16 . 201a20 . fó , LU 3806 . 6498 . 6899 . 10792 . 10779 . LB 54a50 . 244b25 . fu, Ml. 63b4 . 67c2 . 77b11 . 94a2 . BCr. 18d2 . fa, LL 177b45 . LB 41b53 . 162b16 . 165b10 . ba, bá, 243a36 . ba, Maund. 237 . fá, LU 9132 . (cf. secht cneslénti [sic leg.] ... bítís bá thétaib ... hi cústul fri gelcnes dó LU 6413 ). fao, Fl. Earls 70.30 . faoi, RSClára 6a . fa (fá, ba) is frequent in Mid. Ir. and is the regular form in Early Mod Ir. (fáoi, fa fhior sin, IGT, Introd. § 73 . ata m'ḟalluing ... fa ḟior o beith faoi IGT, 24 P 8, 190 ), see exx. below. With nasal. rel. part.: fua, Ml. 35a9 ; b16 . 38c3 . 45a3 . Fél. Prol. 86 (fa v.l.). foa, Ml. 59d7 . Marco P. 16 . fo , Ml. 35b18 . Marco P. 136 . fó (ro) 18 . f, TSh. 7542 . Mid. Ir. fo , fó , fá. With art. fon(d), Ml. 35a9 . 53b9 . 36b16 . Sg. 14b1 . 73b3 . Fél. Oct. 15 . LU 3100 . 8461 . fón, LU 1508 . 1797 . 8214 . MacCongl. 103.3 . fónd, LU 6092 . LL 71b1 . foind, LU 6099 . fóa n— (neut.) 8240 . fun, Ml. 65c9 . fan IGT, 24 P 8, 190 . Ó Héodhusa 68 . pl. fona. Incorrectly fosnaib, LL 63bx ( TBC-LL¹ 1020 ).

With pron. suff.: 1 sg. foum (gl. íssum) Hy vi 4 Comm. fóm, LL 82b30 . fúm, ACL iii 236 § 6 . TSh. 4226 . fúm, fóm IGT, 24 P 8, 193 .

2 sg. fout, SR 1734 (monos.). fót, 835 . LU 2815 . fūd ZCP vi 283.21 . fút, —d; fót, —d IGT, 24 P 8, 193 . fád TD 10.20 .

3 s. m. n., acc. fo , Ml. 37a14 . foa, LU 8849 . fua, 8525 . foí, 2011 . fóo, TBC-I² 1283 . fóu, Trip. 130.6 . LB 191b58 (fói). fóe, LL 62b21 . 80a41 . foei LB 7b44 . fáe, Lat. Lives 46.10 . dat. (not distinguished in Mid. Ir.) fou, Ml. 38c3 . 64a10 . 98c10 . Bodl. Dinds. s.v. prull (foe Y). foú, Ml. 35b16 . fó , LU 1483 ( foo, 5620 is possibly acc. pl.). Trip. 222.6 . foa (fóu E) 240.14 . fáe, CCath. 1214 . foe, MacCongl. 89.15 . fai, Lism. L. 1666 . fua, LU 6424 . TBC-LL¹ 3378 . fáe (sin), CCath. 1477 . faoi, IGT, Introd. § 73 . ata m'ḟalluing ... fa ḟior o beith faoi , IGT 24 P 8, 190 . faoi, Ó Héodhusa 68 .

3 s. f. foí, LU 6214 . ? fúe, 7121 ( BDD 80 ). fóe (diss.), Imr. Brain § 6 (ref. to inis). foithi, Trip. 8.10 . Marco P. 16 . Lism. L. 50 . fóthi, LL 59.49 ; 267b27 . foithe, MacCongl. 122.32 . Lism. L. 2220 . fuithe, Acall. 2756 . fúithe, TSh. 1679 . fáoithi, IGT, Decl. ex. 432 . fúithe, fóithe, faoithe IGT, 24 P 8, 193 .

1 pl. found TBC-I¹ 3578 . fúinn, Maund. 157 . TSh. 8033 . fōin, fōind, ACL iii 235 § 28 (: ōir). 237 § 23 (cōir). fúnn, fúinn, fóinn, faoinn IGT, 24 P 8, 193 .

2 pl. fuibhsi, Acall. 2173 . faoibh, Studies 1921, 74 . Luc. Fid. 366.6 . fúibh, fóibh, faoibh IGT, 24 P 8, 193 .

3 pl. acc. fou, Ml. 42 b 7 . fóthu, LL 63b21 . 85a24 . fúthu, Fianaig. 94.17 . fūthu, CCath. 2445 (as dat. 1889 ). fōthu (as dat.) 3032 . 3189 . 4718 . fōtha, 4834 . 5208 . fūtha (as dat.) Maund. 157 . fútha, TSh. 1164 . dat. fóthib, LU 1889 . LL 95b43 . fōthib (as acc.) 62b33 . fóthib, 222a23 ( TTr. 363 ). foíthib (as acc.) LU 6166 . ? foithib (: soithib), Metr. Dinds. iv 86.76 . fūthaibh (as acc.) Marco P. 91 . fuithibh (—uí—?) 100 . fúthaibh, TSh. 2270 (as acc. 2374 ). fúthuibh, faoithibh IGT, 24 P 8, 193 .

With poss. 1 sg. fóm, LL 113b28 . LB 161bx . fom, LB 6a19 . 191a9 . bám, 179a42 . fám, FDG 287 . TSh. 2145 . 2 sg. fot, LL 259b24 ; 32 . fót, LU 3903 . 6090 . LL 259b36 . fád, TSh. 7867 , - 74 . 3 s. foa, Wb. 32c13 . LU 10653 . 10661 . 10910 . fóa, 5596 . LB 192b29 . fána, Keat. ii 6299 . TSh. 1576 . 4216 . fo (axail) BDD 148 U (foo Y). fo (smacht) LB 178b54 .

1 pl. fóar, Wb. 9a1 . LB 172b3 . fo ar, LB 171b37 . fánar, TSh. 5591 (verse).

2 pl. fo bar, Wb. 23d11 .

3 pl. foa, LU 6781 . fona, BCC p. 396.23 . fana, FDG 409 . fána, TSh., 3067 .

I Of local relations.

(a) under, beneath: used more extensively than the corresponding Engl. prep., as the Irish idiom, in speaking of two things one above another prefers to say that B is under A rather than that A is over B: foum (gl. íssum) Hy vi 4 Comm. bieit a namait fo a chosaib som under his feet Wb. 32c13 . a tabairt fu chossa `their being put under foot' Ml. 67c2 . lecca derca fo chossaib, LU 2424 . asin tiprait boí fón drochat, 1797 . co n-accatar fón muir fóthib annís dúine, 1889 . gabais in mnaí foa lethoxail took the woman under his arm 10910 . atnaig C. foí thrusts him under it 5233 . da lurgain lomchaela fae, Thr. Ir. Gl. 36 (Corm. s.v. prull). do chuir a lámh chlé faoi chum éirghe dó, Comp. CC 81.10 . léigcitt a nglūine fútha they kneel down Maund. 77 . gabais ... a chois foí, LU 1503 (`took him by the leg' MU 51 ). co mmema do fergara fót 6099 . ro thescsat a leth-iscait ... foei, PH 554 . mani má in talam fúe, BDD 80 . mana maidi in talam found, TBC-I¹ 3578 . in cloch no geissed fo chosaib cach ríg nogeibedh Hérinn, Dinds.. i § 13 = BB 350a18 . in tan ticedh ri Eirenn fuirre, do ghéised in lecc fái, Acall. 7999 . ro hecrait áine ┐ urluachair fóthu, TBC-LL¹ 998 . mairg cois isa bond fa mbris woe to the foot under whose sole it breaks ACL iii 237 § 21 . atá fó cach duma .l. fer, LU 2873 . a lec na righ ... fút atát cuirp na tri Tadg, Ériu ii 166.30 . líc ... foa n-adnaicthe na gennte, Marco P. 16 . in ail fó ro hadnachta a sin, 18 . fo Loch Echach, LU 2970 . fo dílind, Ériu iv 130.17 . docuaidh se fai an abhainn ... ┐ nir eirich se no gor baithed e, BCC § 149 . (cf. no thogfaind mo chlíu | ma úir, LU 9856 . ge fía dig fa húir, 9859 ). luid fo thalmain, Fél. May 20 . a chor fo thalmain to bury PH 664 . mar fhágbhaid fá úir é, TSh. 970 . droichet fo ngabhait longa under which ships pass Marco P. 136 . fo gréin (nim) under sun (heaven) i.e. alive; in the world: nisfil fo grein fairind ... basid feiliu, ACL iii 297z . gan coimmeas ris fon g. ... acht tusa he has no equal in the world but thee Duan. F. ii 324 § 25 . ní fil fo nim ní ... na dingned, LU 3911 ( SCC 42 ). teglach fo teglach ind ḟir | ni fil fo n., AU 894 . gan neach 'na n-aghoidh fo neimh no one in the world against them Duan. F. ii 164 § 35 . dona daoinibh fá neamh, TSh. 2088 (= sub caelo ... hominibus Actus iv 12 ). Esp. in sense of carrying, supporting: droichet ..., xxx. uaithne fulaing fai, Marco P. 97 . beir let licc ... fot suidi, SR 1593 . is amlaid ... atá in rígsudi ... co cethri colomnaib foi, LU 2006 ( FA 7 ). cen fúndamit fái PH 7816 . tū ag folang fóin supporting us beneath ACL iii 235.28 . ech ... foa suidiu, LU 10661 . tri eich derga foa suidib, BDD 30 (foithib, Eg. fosuidib DE). gerrán Patraic foa (fóu, Eg.) P.'s nag was carrying it (of a load) Trip. 240.14 . na dá ech filet fón charput, LU 8590 . secht carpait ... ┐ ceithri heich dēc fūithibh, ZCP vii 300.12 . fuaim nechraide fó ríg the sound of steeds under a king's chariot BDD 50 . fuaim carbaid fo rígh, BNnÉ 183.11 . in carpat fil fónd ócláig, TBC-LL¹ 1815 . carbad ... bhias faoi ... rothadha fan charbad, Ó Héodhusa 68 . in sdét robúi fae Sir G. ZCP vi 56.32 . ber mul ... fud `have under thee a ... mule' 283.21 . confacatar in fer mbecc ... ┐ luingin creduma foi in a skiff of bronze RC vi 183.4 . in cholcid boí foí the bed he was on LU 10478 . nirbo gnáth in corthe út fo enaib that pillar was not wont to have birds on it LL 121b34 ( RC iii 181 ). ech ... ina laige fo eri, PH 5846 . baile a laighfedh an damh fon ccarpat, BNnÉ 32.1 . arna loscedsi ... in fer nobiad fóthi that it should not burn the man who carried it (of a magic spear) MU² 741 ( LL 267b27 ). tuc gobal ... fo a cinnu stuck their heads on a fork Dinds. 144 . do rad C. a carpat fo leabhraibh Beraich loaded his chariot with B.'s books BNnÉ 31 y . asail berar fa lointibh la gach n-aen `asses laden with provisions are taken' Marco P. 20 . mac in chruittiri fón cruit, Ériu ix 49 § 30 . fer fo bhíudh ... aroile fo lionn, Hugh Roe² 11.26 (f. 6b) . focheirded id n-óir immi | nád bāded fairge foa that the sea might not drown him while he wore it Metr. Dinds. iii 104.23 . éicne ... is é fuillechta fo mil dressed with honey TBFr. § 23 . cuiridh fo shalann é pickle it BNnÉ 74.8 . tuirtín fá luaith (= subcinericium panem) TSh. 4926 . do chorpán fo chrú covered with gore ML 110.13 ( ML² 1455 ). cona brugaib fo blāth flowering meadows SR 379 . boí [Mag Breg] fó a lí ┐ fó bláth cach datha LU 10792 . finemhain fo torud, ZCP v 24 § 2 . gort nach bi fa barr that bears no crops ACL iii 236 § 5 . clúana ... fá sgingbheirt reóidh `meadows wrapped in a cloak of ice' Ó Heódhusa, Studies 1921, 419 . dolluid in curach fo séol trena mocoll under sail LU 1928 . laoidheang fa lán seóil under full sail TD 20.30 . do bhí an domhan fa dhall chiach 7.33 . cotlud dó fón sāith sin, LU 3451 ( SCC 23 ). in ghein fil fat bruindi in thy womb RC vi 175.55 . i taig fó glas, LU 4764 . fuaratar in carcair fon iadhad doratsat forri, PH 3696 . in carcair do beth fon ṅdúnad cetna, 3698 . Cf. a mbeit[h] i mbuaile fo iadhu an oidhche (of cows), Laws iv 96.24 . corbo ecen clar fo dlutad uasu, BB 390b1 . bheith geimhlighthe fá ghéibheann ghrás nDé, TSh. 2201 . docuaid C. fana corp fen san aiér in his own body BCC § 149 . an tan ... nach féadann ... an biadh ... do chongbháil fána chlí cannot retain his food TSh. 1575 . comēt dam mo chride ... ni raib miscais foë let there be no hatred in it ZCP vi 259 § 6 . dosrat fo chlaidiub put them to the sword SR 4148 . ce atagtha fo claideb, Ériu ii 122.21 . dochuaidh Pol fo cloidhem BB 10a3 ( MacCarthy 284 ). luidh fo lannaib fell by blades BB 50b29 ( MacCarthy 422 ). tair fón claideb come under the sword (in token of submission) LU 9659 ( ZCP iii 212 ). cárna samaisci do indarggain fo thál ┐ béuil, TBFr. § 19 . Often loosely used to denote an inferior position: tobert C. a lue ... co mboí a n-imdorus isin tenlug fó , LU 1483 ( MU² 964 , `the door fell down before him' MU 51 ). suidid fo glún Conchobair (i.e. at C.'s feet ?) LU 5206 . ro slecht fo chossaib Mártain at M.'s feet RC ii 400.16 . PH 1335 . tarrustar ... fo chossa G., 1372 . fo chosaib Gamaliél ... ro alt [Pól], 1649 . co mbí fo chrund bethad, LU 1356 . bud iomdha ... mairbh fa ríoghnaibh roisgḟliucha `many will be the wet-eyed queens over their dead' TD 16.71 . do-chuaidh Ionas ... fá chrann, TSh. 2477 . an tan bhíos ... fá láimh chlí Dé on God's left hand 9891 . angcaire ... do léigean fúthaibh, 2374 . fo choimm: see 1 coim. fo chomair: see comair.

(b) of direction towards, into, through: a naslui grién foa fuined `when the sun goes away to its setting' BCr. 33b18 . doluid fon caillid (= ad silvam) Lat. Lives 85 ( dochuaid isin caill, Hy v 61 Comm. ). gur ling an t-each uaidh fán gcoill, TSh. 1001 . ralotar fón fid, CRR 37 . nach tan nosbert eolchaire fo rian roglass whenever homesickness brought them on the sea Anecd. i 69.1 . amair raga sa ... asan curach fo thir RC xiv 60.24 . docuaidh ... roime fon tír, ZCP vi 51.9 . dochuiremar an long fo tír isin oilén, BNnÉ 49.35 . tunda fina do cur fo tir cast on shore Ann. Conn. 1310 § 10 . dús in táir cobair Ulad foo, LU 5620 . buailis fá lár a chorp to the ground TSh. 5586 . ro léig fo lár a ḟoghuil ... ┐ ro an acumsa `abandoned' Fianaig. 76.8 . Cf. roínfid fuil féne fo don, LU 6615 . teiched ... fo fhoithrib, Marco P. 55 . do theich fo sliabh C., CCC 79.1 . ni lamhann drochspirat techt fa tech i mbí, Maund. 15 (c ?). teid fan ceol in the direction of the music ZCP v 501 (cf. II j). tolotatar fon fes came to the feast RC xiii 223.50 . cromait ... fan cath bend to the (i.e. engage in) battle ZCP viii 224 . Cf. cuir aris fao cluasa do chroidhi da eisteacht = ad iterum audiendum aures cordis accommoda Instructio 119.28 . tigid fád lorg = sub tua vestigia TSh. 7867 . Cf. celebrait ... na ocht trath oc molad ... in Coimded co claischétol aircaingel oc tíachtain foí (the birds) sing the hours in praise of the Lord with the quire of the archangels accompanying it LU 2011 ( FA 7 ). do-beir láim fo undertakes, attempts (see lám).

(c) esp. of impact, collision, attack: benaid foo LU 4874 . benaid fona maccu, 4885 . buain fútha meddling with them (?) Ériu v 71.6 . (see benaid, búain). tarlaic urchur fuithib, RC v 199.11 (see do-léci). ac tabairt sádaid do crann a tsleigi fuithe, Acall. 2756 . buailtear an long fá charraig against a rock TSh. 3759 . do-bheir craos-ruathar ... fútha makes a hungry onslaught on them 1164 . téit (imm-soí, etc.) f. turns on, attacks: cobair cethra foa tiagat coin alltai helping cattle attacked by wolves Ériu ii 210.2 . teit [in béist] fo thrédu Gargan ┐ ro marb dímór dib, PH 7227 . amail teit ség fa mindtu, MR 70.16 = FDG 627 . do chu[a]idh fúthu ┐ tríthu, Fianaig. 94.17 . ná deach faoibh fréamh ar ndoibheart ` assail ' Eoghan R. Mhac an Bhaird, Studies 1921, 74 . imsoí foíthib ┐ marbthus íat, LU 6166 . imsói fothu, Metr. Dinds. iii 258.29 . maitti a ndírím fó araill, LU 6667 (`their forces rush at each other' Faraday, Faraday, 96 ). no co roicher (ndeachar v.l.) fo longphort fer nÉ., CCC 94.16 . eirgidh fo palas in rígh `attack' Fier. 131 . amhail choin ... do sgaoilfidhe fá shluaghaibh, TSh. 3122 . ionsoighidh foithib ... amhuil faolcoin fo chaorchaib, Hugh Roe 226.9 (f. 60a) . lingid ... fótha dá n-óirleach, Keat. i 204.31 . co ngreis a choin fona clerchiu, Lism. L. 276 . lecidh in rí na griba futhaibh, Marco P. 91 . lór do chur cháich fa chéile enough to set all at variance TD 6.2 .

(d) throughout, over, gen. of motion: ducuaid inducbal cruche Crist fun domun, Ml. 65c9 . fon domun for cech leth (gl. longe lateque) 53b9 . seinter lat ... cornn ... | co roa a glōir fo secht nime, SR 1368 . teid ... do iarraid a legis fon doman, RC xii 326.22 . ro closs fon ṁbith, Fél. Oct. 15 . dorónad coindmed na filed ... fo Érind, LU 360 . rocluinter ... a nggáir fón firmimint, 2199 . forodalta Conaille fo hÉrinn, ZCP viii 330.29 . roscuir ... a munter ... fon Eoraip sent his people all over Europe PH 267 . rosfuid Dia Michel fo na secht nimib, MacCarthy 68.9 ( LB 112bx ). co clos fona crichaib comfoicsibh, CCath. 1428 . fodlaidh baill an maic ... fo naemaib hErenn distributes the limbs ... amongst the saints BColm. 92.13 . co clos fosnaib tuathaib uili, TBC-LL¹ 1020 . scél scáilter fa chách amongst all CRR 54 . a clú ica irrdercugud fo cech popol, CCath. 333 . do bhrúcht Loch Con fa thír over the land Keat. i p. 162 . In : do himdergadh go mōr fa ghnúis ... na hingine a deep blush came over Ériu v 84.14 , fa replaces imm ; cf. ro himdergad imon ceand, RC xxiv 64 § 26 , and see (f) below. Cf. amal arrograd descad fo bairgin, Wb. 9b13 . laibhín ... faoi leaven mixed with it TSh. 8982 . foillech di menadaich fa bargen, Ériu vii 140.15 (` leg. for,' Ed.).

(e) on: .lll. mac fo chathaírib airgdidib, BDD 105 Y. Cf. faidhit din claraigh uasa mbarcuibh ... ni chuirid pic forro, acht ola ┐ cailc ┐ cnaib do mhingerred tritha, ┐ a cur fuithib (`with this they pay their ships'), Marco P. 145 .

(f) about, around (contamination of IMM , see also II l et seq. below): sciathrach scéith do gabáil fó brágit round his neck CRR 17 . gab craidhi spideoigi ... ┐ cuir fa braigid an ti ... take a robin's heart and hang it round the neck of ..., Rosa Angl. 234.7 . do cuiretar coroin fa chenn, Maund. 16 . craicind ... leoman ba cathbar[r] ma [fo, Eg.] cendaib on their heads TTebe 2672 . slabhra ... fána chom, Keat. ii 6299 (= moa bragit, Rawl. 81a15 . ima b., YBL 127a25 ). do gabh crios fa a colainn, ZCP i 62 § 45 . an bhfuil sróll ... fána chneas?, TSh. 4216 . fá bhrághaid, 7549 . duine fá mbíd an dá ghéibheann úd, 7542 . coróin fána cheann, 40 . fa (um, v.l.) dhruim píasda | filltir slíasda flatha Fáil, IGT, Decl. ex. 1226 . Hence hard by, near (?): ro marbsad lucht dā eathar fan Suca, RC xviii 188.32 (Tig.). Cf. dodechad ... dot chursu fan lind, TBC-LL¹ 3420 = mon lind, TBC-I¹ 2628 , where under is possibly the meaning. maidm ... do tabairt do Ch. fo Beol Atha S. for Conallchaib, Ann. Conn. 1359 § 3 (= oc Áth S., FM).

II Of fig. and abstract relations,

(a) under ; dofucfa ... na mbia fo menmain a chéli cena falsigud o briathraib, LU 2665 . Cf ailithre idan ... ticc co menicc fo menmain, ACL iii 321 § 1 . is messi ... dorat fó menmain Ailella do seircsiu put love of thee into A's heart LU 10779 (= for , Ériu xii 170. 15 ). Especially with words denoting appearance, state, condition, manner, attendant circumstances, classification : dath ... fo chosmailius saphirr like sapphire Ml. 84d4 . dolega ... fo chosmailius dilenn, 62b20 . conrotacht ... a tech ... fó chosmailius na Cráebrúadi, LU 8045 . fon óenchummi in one way Sg. 14b1 . is cuma nóblighthea bai ┐ eillti fon aenchumai cach dia ré linn, Cóir Anm. 26 . dotháet ass fón cumma sin, LU 6496 . fon cruth sa, 3539 ( SCC 29 ). atcessa iat ... fon cruth sin, LU 8770 ( FB 57 ). co n-ebairt fón n-innasa so that he spake thus LU 2317 (cf. sections g, j below). esergi in ciniuda dóennai fon n-innas sa, 2720 . fóa n-innas cetna in the same manner 8240 ( FB 18 ). LU 9095 ( FB 84 ). fon innas cétna, LU 8797 ( FB 60 ). fon n-innus sin, Marco P. 85 . nodslaid fón alt cétna beat him in the same way LU 3288 ( SCC 8 ). secht mbliadnai di fond alt sin in that condition LL 280a23 ( SG 415 ). a mbatar ... fon samail sin thus LU 3301 ( SCC 10 ). dorónad grianán ... fo chomardus imdaí Conchobair as high as LU 8062 ( FB 3 ). fo deilb diabuil in the form of a demon SR 1739 . slabrada ... fo deilb natrach, LU 2174 ( FA 25 ). imad ... lecc lógmar innte fo chuma grene ┐ ésca, LB 138b19 . fo feib, SR 375 . fo clith secretly 1281 . co mbatar blíadain fo chleith, Metr. Dinds. iii 390.79 . fo gné sub specie: fo gné bairgine, PH 5183 . fo bithphianaib, SR 1740 . fo déraib in tears Fél. Ep. 174 . Prol. 24 . sínset fo brón ... cosin crích `pursued their way in ... grief' Metr. Dinds. iii 390.73 . luid C. fo luinni úad in indignation LU 6021 . caland fa scīs a weary body ACL iii 237 § 26 . gan duine fo fhodord dibh `without one of them murmuring' BS 108 § 54 . siu nobeth fo athis rather than be disgraced LU 2932 . bía fónd anim sin thou shalt carry that blemish 6092 . bánbéim na fagaib feith fo saoth .i. fo tinnes, O'D. 826 ( H 3.17, 590 - 1 ). beth fa essanóir, PH 7387 . robúi B. fa anoir, ZCP vi 296.7 . cath ... ó a mbeid Gaoidhil fo mheabhoil, Duan. F. ii 160 . dolluid A. dochum a thíri fó chōri ┐ óentaid fri U., LU 1551 . scarsat ... fo ṡīdh ┐ chaenchomhrac, Marco P. 151. 156 . bheith ag luiṅgseóireacht arthraigh ... fá phioráideacht in piracy TSh. 2165 . bretnas ... cona ecor dé ór fo ṡnīm plaited Anecd. i 61 § 91 (= co mbrephnib óir LU 1809 ). fa áis na maighden `of the age' Maund. 253 . nech ... fu grad epscoip of the rank of a bishop Ériu vii 140.1 . fa marbhdataid ! mortifiyed RSClára 91a . dí laogh fona dathaibh uccat of those colors BNnÉ 10.27 . arrubert bith ann ... fo glēre lesaigt[h]i bíd ┐ cormae, BColm. 84.5 . níl an flaitheas so faoi ghluas acht moving Corp. Astron. 36.15 . eter comslechtaib na cethri sen find fichet fu aen fochanat in unison(?) Rawl. 106b29 (cf. Rev. iv 4 , 10 ). a lan do laechaib ... fa oengnim ┐ oengaisced fris fein equal in exploits ... to himself MR 80.11 = FDG 733 . da mbeth fuath duine ... am chride, ┐ bás d'fhagbail fái-sin cen aithrige were hatred of anyone in my heart, and I died thus, unrepentant PH 7488 (but this may belong to section j, q.v.). Cf. fo réim on a course (?) BDD 50 (sic leg.? Cf. dochuaid int en ... for foluamain fon reim sin, Aen. 1133 ). fo ogi oiffrinn `at completeness of offering' ACC 93 (= LU 994 ).

(b) of grammatical function, in Glosses (a particular application of preceding): is fo huath[ud] ... a n-institutae `institutae' is in the singular Ml. 42b12 . is ainm naimsire hisunt ... ciasu menciu fu dobrethir it is more frequent adverbially 67a4 . is fo infinit dutiagar ... á mmanifestare (the word) `manifestare' is construed as an infinitive 101c6 , 7 . cid fo gním cid fo chésath dotiagar actively ... passively Wb. 6a29 . is fo foxlaid dutiagtar `they are construed ablatively' Ml. 106c3 . fo diultad as a negative Laws iv 68.29 Comm. Corm. Y 407 . ni fú indidit ata `irascemini' sunt ... acht is for imchomarc ata `in affirmation ... in interrogation' Ml. 20b13 . fo neutur in the neuter Sg. 90b 5 , 6 .

(c) of meaning underlying: inni bess fon fogur sin the sense which is under that sound Wb. 12d5 . a folad foṡuidigther fond ṡun `the substance put under the word' Sg. 73b3 . fun trop són (gl. sub hac figure discribitur) Ml. 66a4 . muna cíall shiobhuil bhíos fúthaibh unless they are used with the sense of motion (of certain prepositions) IGT, Introd. § 72 . Cf. ni thuigim an fliuchadh sin, achd munab braiseach ... as mian leis do thuigsin faoí, Rule of Tallaght § 87 . briathar fá n-ab iontuigthe nach cóir, etc. from which we may infer Eochairsg. 9.20 .

(d) under, subject to: fun inuilligud (gl. sub tutione) Ml. 30b23 . fu Moysi under Moses (as ruler) 63b4 . dos-&mdot;béra fo chumachte in maicc, Wb. 13b30 . ni fó ar máam ataid, 9a1 . condumfel fo mám pectho, 3c38 . ni rabatar ... riam fo recht fetarlicce , Wb. 19d11 . bíd Sattan ... fót cumachtu, PH 3937 . biait fót ... airbri imdai archaṅgel, SR 835 . Pilait fua ro chés ar Fíada, Fél. Prol. 86 . ingreim na nIúdaide fó Antoich under (the reign of) A. PH 5499 . níor dúnadh dorus leasa | fa Bhéac `in the reign of B.' TD 32.39 . co mbet Cristaighi fa Idhalaib an uair sin mar attatt Idhail fútha-san aníu, Maund. 237 . úa na rígh ... bhios fo shiol na Saxanach, Duan. F. ii 166.42 . an lā ... dobēra cāch fuibh ┐ sibh os cāch, CCath. 5059 . do ocaib ... biti fo anmchairtes under spiritual direction Mon. Tall. § 71 . slechtais ... fo ogreir Maolruaoin prostrated himself in complete submission to M. (under the absolute will of) § 77 . fo míscaid bretheman brátha, LU 2289 ( FA 34 ). fo chis do Magnus fil si under tribute to M. Marco P. 3 . fo mhamus M. fuil si subject to M. 4 . na ... righ fil fo mamus Naim, 54 . cuiris M. faa smacht he, 99 . dorad iathu E. ... fo smacht flaithiusa Muman, RC xxiv 186.7 . gur chuir faoi forgla an domhain subdued TD 13.40 . na daine éadtroma ... do chonnmhail fa shilens an chlaustra = in claustro sub disciplina Instructio 201.17 . co fuilitt fa plánét Ṡáduirnn under (the rule of) Saturn Maund. 141 . ar mbeith dhuit fá leigheas = sub medicamento TSh. 8190 . mairg atá fá theas na teineadh, 6416 (cit.). ré mbeith don phobal I. fá éagcomhlann, 6103 .

Téit fo submits to, undergoes; assumes: in tan diagmani fo baithis. Wb. 3a15 . tect fo smachtu rechto, 19d11 . intí téte fo recht n-imdibi, 20a12 . dochóid Ísu fo reacht n-imdibe, PH 5652 . in tan teit oen ... fo gradaib in choimded takes holy orders 7157 . mane tē fó láim n-epscoip iar mbathus unless he is confirmed Ériu i 218.24 (see lám). fo-ácaib fo leaves at the discretion (mercy) of: do fágadh in faidhchi folum faī, ZCP vi 31.2 . forḟacaib [in mac] isinn inadsin fo na hethaidib left ... there exposed to the birds RC xxiv 190 § 2 . fágbhaim fá bhreathnughadh gach aonduine, cia is córa ... ?, TSh. 5002 (see fácbáil, fo-ácaib). fag gach aindligheadh ... fa dheithidi ... in bhreitheamhan, Instructio 200.22 . lectir fu mes nDe it is left to God's judgment Ériu vii 158.35 .

(e) under (a name, head, rubric, etc.): fond oinfailsigud (gl. sub eodem ... argumento) Ml. 36b16 . arroét Iosep ... Muire ... fo anmum chomaime under the name of wife PH 6917 . gab fon aithne-si gach lá saire include under this commandment 7372 . atā cech uli ... fon aithne-si every ... is included under this commandment 7542 . atā bán aithne-si ... cech ní 7609 . ní háirmighther Éire ... fan clíma ard Ireland is not counted as belonging to Maund. 157 . fo [o]en aicciund adfiadar `it [a compound] is pronounced under a single accent' Sg. 74b8 . Cf. dosbert fobairt bidbad fó bidbadaib foraib, LU 6498 (`the attack of an enemy among enemies' Faraday, Faraday 92 ). Here seem to belong: ba fou fachart[at]arsom, Ml. 64a10 . is fáei iarom latharsat légnide na mBretan innísin (introducing an explanation), Thr. Ir. Gl. 9 (Cormac s.v. cruimther. Y has instead: is fair iarom rolaset).

(f) under = less than; inferior to: faoi áois iomchubhaidh `before sufficient age' RSClára 6a . an t-aonmhadh lá déag ... faoi nó ós a chionn the eleventh day or thereabouts Corp. Astron. 4.12 . gion go raibhe créatúir san gcruinne fá aingeal budh uaisle, TSh. 1100 . ba hē amāin faoi Dia dusratt in Edāill ... fo chuing chreidmhe, Fl. Earls 100.14 . faoí Dia acht in guibernoir ni himda persa ... is fessach 70.30 .

(g) according to, in accordance with , an extension of (d) and (e) above; in Glosses gen. in combination with vbs. GAIBID and DO-BEIR: fon cheill fuandrogab in faith in the sense in which the prophet has uttered it Ml. 38c3 . cid fosodi[n] nogabad D. .i. foní fuantuic P., 35a9 . is fosodin rogabad 35b10 . bed foú nogabtis ... foní fuatabarr ib. 16 , 18 . as sain ind fiugor fuandrogab in faith ┐ ind rún fuantaibret in suuischelaichthi, 45a3 . is fo dobertar inna anman fonna inni fordi[n]grat names are given in accordance with the qualities they signify 37a14 . fo sin in that case, in accordance with that Ml. 42c24 , 46c14 , Sg. 106a5 . is foa ... dothét cech pennain ... fo meit an pectha every penance is determined by the magnitude of the sin RC xv 487y . pennith fon cinaid, Ériu vii 158.2 . gu cumaid a ndeghghnima fon n-etargna sin, Lism. L. 4612 . do suidhigedh na sluaig fo med i [ = a] n-uaisli, Fianaig. 56.1 . mani fochlither a bruth ... fóa réir fodein unless his ardor be attended to according to his own pleasure LU 8622 ( FB 46 ). direnar leithdire ... fo suire cacha feda according to the rank of each tree Laws iv 168.21 . dīre cāich fo miad `according to his dignity' i 40.13 . fothud ... do cechtar da lina fo miad, ii 378.5 . daithin na dáime fana miad ┐ fana ngrad, FDG 409 = MR 50z . doronsat iomarbaigh ... fa ccumang according to their ability Leb. Gab.(i) i 248.25 . fam dhícheall to the best of my power A. Ó Dálaigh x 2 . fá a ngníomrad mestar mic rígh, O'Gr. Cat. 358.5 . fuaratar fona mian í itir tess ┐ fhuacht as they liked it BCC p. 396.23 . Cf. in lucht dara betha a colann fo na míanaib do frestal, PH 7463 . rotheichset fo nertaib bāgh by dint of courage (?) RC x 54. 2 v.l. ( ICM xxi ). Here, perhaps: to-tēt meas fo aimseara, BDD 28 Y ( fó U), expl. by: téid an breitheamhnas ris an aimsir, O'Cl. s.v. meas (8) .

(h) like, corresponding to (extension of preceding. Cf. fo bēsad fir trebuir `after the manner of a prudent man' Wb. 29d23 . fo béesad fir téte do chath, 9a3 ): ni thainicc riam tegluch fóo ┐ nicon riccfo co brath, IT iii 238.111 . orguin fón orguin dorat dún, BDD 48 (.i. mar an argain, Stowe; lit. in proportion to i.e. in requital of (?)cf. (q)). robad orgain fo araile in sin, 66 U (fon aile Y. ba argain már a chéle hí, Stowe). ni fail mac rig ... fo Ceallach, AU 894 (poem). ni taircell Eriu ... fer fo Mael ... Muru, 886 (= mar AFM 884 ). flaith fial fo rig nAilbine as generous as AFM 845 . fo Choin Culaind comchosmail, LU 8454 ( FB 30 = for, Eg.; fri, Voss.). teaghlach fo theaglach an ḟir ni fil, AFM 890 = AU 894 . fón bfleadhughadh út doronabair abhus forbia mu fhleadhssa tall daibh like the feasting you have enjoyed here Marco P. 12 .

(i) with numerals as multiplicative (an early use, perhaps orig. implying motion, ZCP viii 33 - 34 ): fo dí twice Wb. 24b22 . Ml. 46a21 . a úaig dil fo dí doubly dear LU 9977 ( PRIA iii 538 ). dammidethar fá dí, LU 9132 ( FB 88 ). a óen fo deich ten times one BCr. 31c5 . fo thrí, Wb. 17d4 . rogabsat ... forro fo thrí in n-insi, LU 221 . blegon inna mbo fo thri Hy v 32 . dorónsat fa thrí, LU 193 . fo aen a mbliadain once a year Laws iv 350.19 Comm. Cluain maic N. do argain fo thri ... fecht o Sil nA. ┐ fo dó hó Callraidhi, RC xvii 390.25 . AU 1050 . resíu goires in coilech fa dó, PH 3196 . a sé fo chethair four times six LL 181b28 ( Arch. Hib. ii 48 ). a chairdis Crist fó secht his seven-times gossip RC xviii 14.19 . With compar.: aidbliu fo míle, LU 2003 . soillsi fo secht oltas grian, FA 10 LB (= soillsithir ... andá LU 2029 ). mó fá dheich ten times more IGT, Decl. ex. 1027 . With co (later also co ba, co ma): confitebimur du ebert cu fudi twice Ml. 94a2 . co fo ṡecht, LL 209b46 ( Ériu vii 220 ). ro loisc Life co ba ṡecht, ACL iii 304 § 4 . tri cēd ... co ma thri thrice three hundred Fen. 354 . mo bhennacht gomá secht go Breifneachaibh, BNnÉ 267.7 . gid scriptuir bes go ma secht | in cech cill, Anecd. ii 38.1 .

(j) at, by (of occasion, conjuncture, etc. on or at which something happens, orig. perhaps an extension of (d) above): is fo forṅgartaid tra fosin dutiagar á manifestare ... is fo infinit dutiagar fu[n] dul so the (word) `manifestare' is construed as an imperative in that case [ = under that interpretation] ... as an infinitive in this case Ml. 101c6 - 7 . dochuamar i nEigeipt fo chuiriud Foraind at Pharaoh's invitation Ériu iv 140.21 . ar a gabail fo lige fo eirge for singing it at lying down and rising Lib. Hymn. i 46.17 ; 5.30 . lá lodmar fo gairm in ríg at the king's call LL 206b4 ( RC vii 290.6 ). tiucfa se fa guth an cluic at the sound of the bell BCC § 220 . is fad thúarasgbhailsi tanag (= on hearing of thy fame) Ériu v 98.31 . tancadar fir Erenn fo thasc in rig (i.e. on the report of the king's death), Dinds. 136 . in duine ticced fón n-égem, LU 1908 . egis in gilla. doroich Loegaire fua, LU 8525 ( FB 38 ). eighthi in muccid, co tanic tuath in da Maine fae, BDD 20 . Cf. ro héged immumsa ... tanacaisiu fon égim, ScM. 11 . fo sodain, fo sin usually means by that time but occasionally at (with) that: íachtais in gilla—tic C. fo sodain, LU 8537 , LU 8546 ( FB 39 , 40 ). ro scáich noínnin Ulad fo sodain by that time LU 5899 . dolluid E. immach fo sodain, 8242 . tic F. fó sodain, 5645 . dochuadar amach fái sin, RC xxiii 424.11 . tainic dereadh in lai fae sin, CCath. 2416 . rucsad forro fai sin, Ann. Conn. 1270 § 7 . dorochair D. fóisede by that time RC xvi 280.16 ( Dinds. 161 ).

(k) during: fiu and fo domnach `rested there throughout Sunday' Trip. 156.19 ( fó d., Trip.² 1825 ). Trip. 182.21 ( Trip.² 2143 ). fiusam fo domnach ann, Trip. 174.7 ( Trip.² 2025 ).

(l) Of approximate time of an occurrence, at, about (cf. imm): fó athgin [taite v.l.] in erruigh ar chinn by the return of spring CCath. 169 . C. do ēcc ... fo fel Lurint, Ann. Conn. 1243 § 8 (cf. F. ... d'ecc im feil Martain ib. § 7 ). sluagad ... la maccaib rig C. ... fo fel Muri, 1249 § 9 . fo fel cros doronadh ALC ii 116 = Ann. Conn. 1405 § 15 . fá'n Nodloig-si, Ériu v 54.9 . na hanmunna tecuit fo dhomhnach a hifern on Sundays RC xiv 48.19 . an tan fa ticfa, Fianaig. 74.9 . dochuaidh ... fo ṡamhain ar cciontt hi ccenn Gall `went to the English the ensuing Allhallowtide' AFM v 1622.6 . ón am far scríobh Caesarius , Keat. i p. 48.14 . ón tráth fá dtánaig tar muir, TD 2.58 . an uair fa dtigthí ar Ibh Táil whenever ... were mentioned 3.48 . fá aimsir chinnte by a certain time TSh. p. 160 . ón tráth fár dhearbh lais as soon as he was certain 2800 . Of space: ro ḟorcongair forra celcc do inneall fá mhile do Ṡlicceach `within a mile of Sligo' AFM vi 1978.3 (see f above). Similarly in expressions like: fo dered, fo deod, fo dechtsa, etc. (see 1 deired, dead, fecht): go fuighedh bās fa cend tri la within three days BCC § 257 . muna bfacchadh fios ... faoi chenn bliaghna, Ériu iv 51.18 . Cf. first cit. under (f), above.

N.B.—In most of the exx. in the follg. sections FO (FA, FÁ etc.) replaces imm.

(m) after words denoting cause or reason, in rel. construction with vb.; cia hádbar fa filet oc iarraid ... ? why are they seeking ... ? PH 2761 . cid imár adair Ísu, ┐ cid fa tuc anoir do ?, 2611 . adbar bá ṅdlegar a sechna, 7435 . issé adhbur fa ndernatar ..., Maund. 10 . is dona hadhbharuibh as mó fár chuir Ronán one of the chief reasons for which R. put Ériu v 74.17 . is é fath fa tangamar, ZCP vi 50z . crét fá tancabar ?, PH 2924 . crét an fáth fa ndentar sin ? RC xxix 124.12 . ni ḟuarais maith ... far mholta dhuit ... iad for which they should be praised by thee ZCP viii 219 § 10 . an dara hadhbhar fár fhuiling Dia ... another reason why God allowed ... TSh. 3513 . an treas fáth fár thuit Ádhamh 3527 . With cop.: is é fáth fána doilghe this is the reason why 1132 . ciodh fár chóra ... ?, Keat. ii 936 .

(n) in respect of, as regards: is iad so mogha fíre Fergusa fo neart ┐ fo ghniomhradh, Ériu viii 136.16 . i gcuibhreann na mbó fán bhféar `feeding on grass with cattle' TSh. 3464 . fear mar Ghuaire fá dhúais d'ógaibh, Keat. Poems 211 . Esp. after adj.: réidh fá mhaoin lavish of 526 . brugh fa fial fá bhiadhaibh, 861 . líonmhar ... fá dhaoinibh populous Keat. ii 937 . as bhuaine fa bhuanfholuibh, 23 F 16, 195 (`in respect of long-enduring kindreds' O'Gr. Cat. 399 ). In asyntactical constr.: fan seanchas chuirim chugaibh, congbhaidh é `as to the facts I bring forward' Content. xxi 6 . About, concerning: bá thómos a thigi thancabair `about the measure of his house' (Hennessy) MU² 855 ( LL 268b17 ). iar saruccadh Ruadain do Diarmait fa Aedh nG. after D. had insulted R. in the matter of A. BNnÉ 88.18 . cogadh ... fa chrích ... bhFáil fógrais É., TD 18.25 . damsa ceart ... | fon gcloidheamsin `grant justice ... about that sword' Duan. F. ii 132 § 28 . an bhreath ... rug Solamh ... fán gcloinn, TD 2.48 . mun ní fá dtairge a theagosg in anything in which thou attemptest to instruct him 15.51 . mór d'ulc ... do-righneadh fa (um v.l.) cheann an chnuic, 4.1 (see 1 cenn). síodh fan gcrann peace (i.e. forgiveness) for the spear Dán Dé iv 9 . súil Gaoidheal ruibh fad ríoghadh TD 10.31 . go dtug sé ... tuarastal do thaoiseach ... fá thoidheacht a reward for coming TSh. 259 . Esp. after words denoting mental action or emotion: cen chuimni fon ēc without thought of death ACL iii 239.16 . eagla ... fá thuitim, TSh. 3520 . fonn ... fá bhás d'fhagháil, 6059 . débhóision ... fána naomhaibh ┐ fa thaisibh na naomh, Ó Héodhusa 144x . amharus ... fa ḟiadh gConnacht doubt about TD 21.42 . budh ainfesach clēirigh fana fēiltiph fīre, ZCP x 50.14 . ní baránta inchreidthe é fa righ Lochlann do bheith, etc., it is not a credible guarantee that ... Keat. i p. 46 . After a number of vbs. (most of which are also used with IMM), e.g. of entreating, commanding, permitting, refusing, promising, preventing, of object of entreaty, etc.: roguid in coimdid bá indechad forsin errig, PH 792 . guidhim sibhsi fa guidhe ar mo shon fa mo leiccen mar so I entreat you to pray for me that I may be left as I am BNnÉ 67.6 . guidhes Dia ... fan documal sin do fortacht, RC xii 332.21 . do ghuidhsiod ... Dia fá gan eisean do mharthain that he might not live Keat. iii 2138 . impidhe do chur ar an rígh fá shaordháil do thabhairt dó, TSh. 4496 . tucc C. aonta fa theacht agreed to come Anecd. iii 2.17 . cead do thabhairt do L. fa chúanairt forba ... d'ḟaghail to allow L. to obtain Ériu v 78.28 . glend nach érthar nech fa coinnmedh where no one is refused entertainment BNnÉ 131.15 . díol farbh' éartha gach aoighe a payment which should be denied every guest TD 10.14 . is e Colum Cille bai 'na slanaigecht fona techt ... doridisi C. was security for his return RC xxiv 62 § 23 . muna dtugadh móid don rígh fá bheith díleas dhó, Keat. ii 5220 . rothairmisc tra in scel sin fa Polinices dul prevented P. from going TTebe 2767 (= imm, see do-airmesca). Of mocking: oc fanamut fa Ísu, PH 2864 (= imm). do fhochuitbiud fói (= immi) 3328 . dorindetar móran fonamhaitt fói, Maund. 15 . ag gāire fan ḟéin laughing at the fian CF 723 . occ gáiribh futha, BNnÉ 76.35 . ag fochuidmheadh fana seanchadhaibh, Keat. i 50.2 . Cf. focherdat in macrad gāir foa, LU 8849 . On account of: dobermáit glóir do Dia fá éistecht riut, Ériu ii 146 § 165 = RC xxiv 384.23 . éirghe amach i n-aghaidh a dtighearna fa n-a chíos féin d'iarraidh orra, Maguires of F. § 25 . Here perhaps: t'enech d'ácbáil fo bíad, LU 4353 . Of purpose, aim: trosccadh ... do dhenamh frisin cCoimdedh fa shoirbheachadh doibh that they might prosper BNnÉ 51x . créd do dhénmais fa dhul tar an sruth what we should do to cross the stream 49 . a llāma sínti fon dhiubhracad extended for shooting CCath. 5564 .

(o) along with, including (= imm): tucad ár forro fa mac Maic U. ┐ im A. Hua M. including the son of Mac U. and A. RC xviii 189.12 (Tig.). tucc coecait each fa ech ngorm, ZCP viii 221.5 . do loisgedh céad ech ... fa eachuibh an airdríogha, Ériu i 24.134 . tucadur i raibe do braighdibh ann leó, fa mac [U]i R. all the hostages including the son of Ua R. AU ii 488.5 . tuccadur a mbai do braigdib ... leo fo mac .h. R., Ann. Conn. 1348 § 6 . cuit do galloclaechaib .h. C. do marbad doib fan Constapla .i. fa Mac R., 1342 § 3 . ... dar marbad seser mac rig fo Chorbmac .h. nE., 1365 § 4 .

(p) after vbs. of swearing, asseverating, etc. of that by which oath, etc., is made (cf. 1 tar, dar BV); perhaps an extension of (d) above. tongu-sa fom [bam, tar, dar v.l.] chumachta, Ériu ii 196.18 . nech dothoing ethech fo cetharlebrai soscelai vii 156.20 . luigimsea bam arm, v 72.11 . ind lec ... cech oen dogní luga ṅ-eithig foithi who swears falsely by it Trip. 8.10 ( Trip.² 87 ). in luige thuccad fó ainmm Dia, PH 7636 . luige ... ba chnedaib Crist by the wounds of Christ 7324 . tug ... a minna fon aendia, ZCP vi 34.17 . dobheirim briathar ... fam chloidhemh, Ériu i 26.146 . doberimsi fam bréithir gomadh ..., ZCP x 277.34 . dobiur-sa fám gaisced ... nach FDG 287 . gúidim tú fon Día da creididh ┐ fat faistedh I adjure thee by Fier. 40 .

(q) in distributive sense with numbers (perhaps orig. in return for, cf. section h): dobheredh P. tri bhuille fan aónbhuille dhó would give three blows for every one he got Ériu v 182.334 . da bheim ... fo gach aoínbhéim, Duan. F. i 69.29 . biaidh an ghealach comhartha ar a haghaidh fo gach deich dá mbia san uimhir sin the moon will be advanced one sign for each tenth of that number Corp. Astron. 108z .

III Various idioms.

(a)

(1) ATÁ ... FÚM I intend: ... ní fhuil | fúm acht inneal ar olcaibh I aim at nought but sin A. Ó Dálaigh xxxix 13 . más faoisidin bliadhna atá fúd do dénomh, Mac Aingil 151.13 . ris in drochrūn doui fuí, Ériu v 98.8 . do bhríogh nach raibhe faoi an ceathramhadh ... do leigheas because He did not intend TSh. 1524 . Cf. do bhí a bhara faoi fēin díoghaltas do dhéanamh he intended, purposed 6085 (see 2 bara). an t-ógan agá mbí drochfhuadar faoi who is bent on evil 5316 .

(2) ATÁ FO is liable for (?) in tan is innlaeg berar in bo amach is hegen beith fuithe no co mbere laeg isin aige rogellad, O'Curry 653 ; 1100 (< H 3.18, 316 ; 446 ) = masa indlaeg ... is egean beith fuithe, O'Curry 689 (< H 3.18, 334 ). Cf. madh fo rāith dara ... beither, O'Curry 1100 . in inbaidh ... bīthar fo rāith a hinnlaoghais ib.

DO-ICC FO

(1) impugns: tecor fo coruib na druingi seo the contracts of the group are impugned Laws v 184.23 (see do-icc).

(2) is decided upon by: tainic fái a mhainistir ... d'fagbail he decided to leave ( RC xxv 396.31 . tainig fothaib a denam, Fen. 348z .

DO-TÉT FO : ní taīt Dia fo t[h]airngere conid-chumscaiged `God does not come under a promise that He should alter it' Ml. 109a5 . CUIRID ... FO (NECH) incites: an pecadh sin ... do cur faoi to incite him to that sin BCC § 223 . an merughadh sin do cuir an diabul fúd ib. CUIRIM FUM I settle down: iar gcur fúm i gclúidh, Ó Bruad. ii 248 . DO-BEIR ... FO ...: daringni da nathraig ... eittecha ┐ dorat foluamain fóthib for ammus lasoin made two serpents ... winged, and sent them fluttering towards Jason LL 222a23 ( TTr. 363 ). Cf. scarsit fóu ┐ L. `they parted from (?) him and L.' Trip. 130.6 ( Trip.² 1492 ).

(b) the form with 3 s. pron. suff. fó , foí (fáoi) occurs as adv. in some expressions: cid fó cid for ... bem[m]e whether we be beneath or above Snedg. u. Mac R § 7 ( YBL 12a10 ). ó tét grian fáe when the sun sets Maund. 246 . iar ndol don ghréin fáoi `after the setting of the sun' RSClára 15a . tré dhul fé do ghréin a bheatha, Ó Bruad. ii 242 . coirt darach do berbadh ... go ndeach a trian faoi till it is reduced (in bulk) by a third 23 K 42, 332.10 . amail dogentais in mbeirt | co mbad foe Hériu ardneirt Ireland should be subject (to them) Ériu iv 110.2 . mór míad dorad damsa in rí, | dom ríar dorad fiadha faoi he subjugated lands (?) ACL iii 304.22 . Here perhaps : ro thairc ferand fō (: gó), LL 147a35 (`that has won good land' PRIA iii 551 ). cath slebe Fúait ria Fergal dosfanair fói, Arch. Hib. ii 60 § 25 = LL 182bz . Cf. foí.

(c) fá mar as (of manner) : fá mar adeir an file, TSh. 2837 . fá mar dho níd na cearrbhaig ... go meinic, Ó Héodhusa 156 . Later also fé mar. See immar. See now Celtica ix 126 .

IV Fo enters into a number of stereotyped advbl. phrases, each of which will be found under the second constituent : see bíth (-in), commar, dáig(-in), deó(i)d, dered, leth, 1 sech, tharsna.

V Fo- enters into composition

(a) with vbs. as preverb, see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 295 , Thurn. Hdb. § 829 , Sjoestedt-Jonval, Études Celt. iii 219 ff . In some Middle-Irish MSS it is wrongly substituted for other preverbs, see Ériu xiv 129 ff .

(b) with nouns and adjs. as prefix generally either with diminutive sense (with adj. = rather, somewhat , (e.g. fogel), q.v. or that of subordination. Sometimes defining position (e.g. fochóel, q.v.). Hence fo .i. bec nó derōil, O'Dav. 981 .

x (fa, ba, bo, bu) : see 1 is.

prefix see fo, fa, fá V (b).​

(for etym. see RC xxxii 195 ) adj. and subst. good ; an O.-Ir. word, in later lang. confined to poetic and archaizing style : fó .i. maith, O'Cl., Lec. Gl. 154 , bonum O'Mulc. 547 . fó ainm do mhaith is do mhíadh, Metr. Gl., Ff. 4 . As pred. : fó díbad (.i. maith a epiltiu), LU 678 ( ACC 31 ). ma dagnet ní airi is fó it is well Mon. Tall. § 2 . fó cach scél, RC xxvi 34.172 . fó (.i. maith) mo cherd láechdachta, LU 6169 . fó mo cosc, Ériu i 118.11 . Cf. in tan ba fó fīrUlltaig, MR 200.5 . sech ba fial ba fíu ba fó , LL 35a21 = Rawl. 84a7 . nī fó LU 3947 ( SCC 44 ). ní fó an fecht dochuadhais, ZCP xiii 172.20 . Cf. gé iarradh neach ní budh mō, | urdail frighedh nī fō fair it is not right to add to it (?) vii 302z (= fó , YBL 318b26 ). Michiae, ba fó fia, SR 7455 . maith fer Patraic ... fó fer Patraic, Trip. 242.24 ( Trip.² 2874 ). maith fer Macc Cecht, fó fer Macc Cecht, BDD 157 . fil fora chend cid fó fer | ... tri foilt, LU 3822 ( SCC 37 ). fo fo cech scel (.i. is maith is maith cach scel), Rawl. 110b12 (= RC xxvi 34 ). fo bioath (= biad) indso `good food this' RC xii 86 . fó Dei (gl. bonus Deus) Auraic. 3341 . fo dia, a Feidlimid! hail! Hib. Min. 66.3 . fodia .i. fo ┐ dies .i. fó láe, O'Mulc. 590 . fó líth .i. sén maith `good luck' O'Cl. is fólíth linn in scéul sin, IT i 128.11 . do A. nirb fo lith, SR 6189 . nír fó líth | liṅges Ír sech Íth, LL 12b25 . fō mind, ZCP xi 109 § 12 . fó sén dia ngaib O. Alpain it was a lucky hour when O. took possession of Alba IT iii 33 § 7 ( Bruchst. i § 4 ). ní fó sén i tancas din tochmarc-sa, TFerbe 95 . fó húar mad mé foglesed, Ériu ii 63 § 1 . IS FÓ LIMM I deem good, like, am satisfied (with ), folld. by subst. or clause : fo lib lige a ai (.i. is maith lib ...) LU 1065 ( ACC 106 ). ba fo leo in frithi, Aen. 360 . is fo lium cia rafesid (gl. non volumus ignorare vos) Wb. 14b20 . fó (.i. maith) leó rodascload nech, Hy v 53 . bid fó lim donísed comartha n-úait, LU 5402 . ni head condaigimm ... ; fó liumm cé notísad de, MacCongl. 21.25 . ba maith dano limsa ... acht bith fó lat so, ZCP viii 310.18 . Sometimes equiv. to is cumma limm I care not, am indifferent: is fo limsa mu laiget my smallness does not trouble me ZCP vii 297 (quoted by O'Cl. under fó .i. cuma). fó limsa ón ... cia théis I don't mind if he go LU 5554 . fó limsa ón ... case [ = cibē St] chruth i mbet, TBC-LL¹ 447 (= cumma lem, LU 4654 ). fo leis gid no rissed ┐ ba fo leis gin co rissed, 2190 (= cuma les St). ba fo laiss cidh ár noláthe for a muintir, acht ... he cared not ... so long as ... CCath. 3730 . bá fó leis a bádhadh féin acht co mbáidhedh a námhait leis, 2155 . IS FÓ DOM it is good (no harm) for me: cid as fó dam ?, Tec. Corm. § 12 . fó duit-siu gid dia mbendaib nochingthe you might safely step TBC-LL¹ 1346 = is cuma duit cid ... chinge St. fó dúib fatchius, 504 . fo duit cia nocotailtea it would be well for thee to sleep Laws i 72.21 Comm.

Rarely attrib. : funchi fó , LU 3054 . fiada fó , LL 278a33 ( Ériu i 68 : `the good God'). ? fri ferccai fōa 'fine warriors', ​BDC 144.632 ​.

As adv. (?) : snigfid fairne [ferna v.l.] fer ga fó , TBC-LL¹ 539 (co fo . go fó v.l.). Compar. ca soithech fithir is fo ? (.i. ca hadbhur oide is ferr), ZCP v 488 § 7 (B. na f.).

As subst. : n. and m. fó n-olc (gl. bonum malum) ZCP vii 480 ( Enchir. Aug. 71a ). is e a fó in fó thall his good is the good yonder (i.e. Heaven) Goid. 94 . ? cáin cach fó , RC xxvi 34 (fou v.l.). cach fó dó ... co ndá (.i. co tuca ... gach maith dó), ZCP v 489 § 13 (B. na f.). nach fō rocólae ┐ nach maith atcondairc, iii 452.12 . Eo Rosa ... fó foirne the good of a multitude (?) LL 200a3 . Cf. is tir hi fuil fó , LU 3058 .

The follg. may contain the gen.: fói leis cía nobeth inti, fói leis cenco beith, TTr.² 1235 ( = foi ... foi, LL 406b51 ). is faoi leis an bhfear ... gion go ndéine inn d'ionnlach | sinn dá chēile coimhdhiomdhach = he is content GF, Ir. Monthly 1919, 568 ( DDána 101.48 ).

Compds. Possibly the follg. (if not compds. of the prep. fo): co Feradach Finn Fechtnach fobéo [fobeu v.l.] of happy life (?) ZCP xi 91 § 3 (the corresp. section in A has F.F.F. Fo buan ib. 80 ). Ogam focosach `well-footed' [?] (a kind of Ogham in which the strokes were dotted) Auraic. 6062 . Cf. also: dedol ... .i. dā fhōthadáil. dá dagthodail do dhía, Thr. Ir. Gl. 15 .

n (same as preceding word ?) m. a prince, lord (poet.): fó .i. flaith, tighearna no rí, O'Cl. foi .i. flaith, unde ... nip indemain fochlach foe ..., Corm. Y 661 . ba hé in fó co fresabra, Metr. Dinds. iii 58.62 . g s. i ccedfuidh a fo (.i. a fiadhnuisi a tiagerna) in the presence of his lord ZCP v 483 § 5 (B. na f.). g p. caoga fó , ZCP viii 102.11 = coeca righ, Ériu ii 186 .

v ( fo-ad-gaib). Early forms: Imperat. 2 s. fácaibh, CCath. 1666 . Ind. pres. 3 s. —facaib, Ml. 102a20 . 114b16 . 3 pl. foácbat, BCr. 18b11 . fuácbat, Ml. 80a10 . imperf. 3 pl. —facabtais, LU 10560 . subj. pres. 1 s. (perf.) —farcab, LU 5674 . 2 sg. —fácba, 6068 . 3 s. (perf.) —farcba, Ériu iii 104 § 33 . 2 pl. (perf.) —fargbaid, LU 8387 . 3 pl. narom facbat , Gild. Lor. 16 . past subj. 3 s. no facbad , CCath. 392 v.l. (nó faicfedh , text). ( perf.) —fargbad, SR 2835 (: tarddad). fut. 1 s. fáiceb, LL 252a37 . —fuicéb, LU 5152 . fo-t-uigebsa, Trip. 176.3 (2047) . 3 s. —fuiceba, ZCP viii 310.19 . 3 pl. —foigebat, Ml. 69a8 (for the -g- here cf. Ml. 95a12 ). —faicebat, LL 112a36 . sec. fut. 1 s. —fóicebaind, Trip. 244.5 ( = —foicébaind, 2879 ). 3 s. —faicbed, SR 4132 (cf. nó faicfedh , CCath. 392 ). pret. and perf. 1 s. fotrácbus, Wb. 31b1 . fosrácbus, LL 251b10 . 2 sg. forácbais, Trip. 176.2 ( = farácbais, 2046 ). 3 s. fáccab, Thes. ii 242.19 ( Ardm. 18b1 ). facab; facib, Thes. ii 240.14 ; 15 ( Ardm. 18a1 ). —facab, LU 10988 . fácaib, SR 6168 (possibly pres.). foracab, Ml. 37d10 . foragab, 30a9 . forácaib, Trip. 176.6 (2049) . —farcaib (—farggaib v.l.) Hy ii 10 . 3 pl. foragabsat, Ml. 95a12 . Pass. pres. s. facabar LU 4925. Laws ii 366.11 ( SM Facs. 41b1 ). subj. past s. —facabtha, TBC-I¹ 3595 . pl. (perf.) —farcabtis, Wb. 31d13 . fut. s. faicebthair, LL 303a17 ( Bor. 81 ). fáicebthair, LL 289b8 ( RC xiii 444x ). —faicebthar, TBC-I¹ 3594 . pl. faicebtair LL 302a8 ( Bor. 69 ). perf. s. foracbadh, Mon. Tall. § 71 . fotracbad, LL 147a5 . —farcbad, 286by 0 . TBC-I¹ 3594 . Cf. ruacbath, RC xxv 22.3 ; 227.1 . pl. —ffarccabhtha, AFM ii 846.10 . ro fagbaid , BB 445a51 ( = ro fácbait , Mer. Uil. 24 ). vn. fácbáil, —áil, q.v.

Mid. Ir. and later forms.

(1) Already early in Mid. Ir. the prototonic stem fácb— often takes the place of the deuterotonic forms ( pres. 1 s. fácbaim, LU 9217 . fágbhaim TSh. 5002 . 2 sg. fácbai, TBC-LL¹ 3473 . 3 pl. fácbait, LU 1547 . 8763 . facbait, SR 7655 ) and is treated as that of a simple vb., pres. 3 s. facbaid, SR 3687 . 3 s. pret. fácbais (see IGT below). Cf. fúic me meisi d'Feraibh Ceall, BNnÉ 174 .

(2) In deuterot. forms the f is often repeated. 3 s. pres. fófácaib, LU 5406 . fofacaib, SR 1201 . 3 pl. fofacbad, BDD 13 . Pret. and perf. 1 s. fosfácbus, Metr. Dinds. i 42.66 . forfacbus, ZCP vii 310 § 9 . 3 s. forfaccaib, Mon. Tall. § 47 . forfhagoip, Fl. Earls 1.2 (archaic). Pass. s. forfacbad, ACL iii 225.17 (Hy M). pl. forḟacaibthi, SR 1358 .

(3) Subj. and pret. prototonic forms with infixed -ro- are common: pres. subj. 1 s. da farcbur , LU 9932 . Past 1 s. (perf.) —farcbainn, Fianaig. 12 § 21 . 2 sg. cf. fargbhais .i. fágbais , O'Cl. 3 s. cu rofarcuibh , Marco P. 34 . pl. a bfargaibsiot , Leb. Gab.(i) i 14.19 .

(4) The stem fácb— is often replaced by fác— (fág—), both being freq. used side by side: 2 s. imp. fác, PH 1987 . past subj. 1 s. co fagainn , ZCP vi 55.20 . 3 pl. co ḟactais , LB 3b26 . fut. 3 s. —fáicfe, Cáin Ad. 19 . 1 pl. faicfimmít, TBC-LL¹ 4159 . 3 s. perf. ra ḟác , LL 227b42 . 232b20 ( TTr. 787 ; 1141 ). pl. ro fhacsat , Lism. L. 721 . pass. pres. s. facthair, LL 305a11 ( Bor. 123 ). fágthar, TSh. 4637 . fut. pl. faicfiter, LL 301b ( Bor. 67 ). fuicfider, Bor. 69 Lec. From fác— is formed the analogical deuterot. stem fo-ác-: perf. 1 pl. forfacsam, SR 1485 . fos-racsamar, LL 11b46 . 2 pl. foracsabair, LU 2397 . 3 pl. foracsat, AU 1056 . LL 134a13 . forracsat, LL 184b51 . barḟacsat ... baracsat , 261b34 , 37 . Similarly on the analogy of farcb- occur forms like: co fargsat , SR 6459 . co farcsat , TTr.² 1568 . IGT III § 85 gives: Ind. pres. 1 s. fágbhuim (abs. and conj.). 2 sg. fágbhae (abs. and conj.). 3 s. fágbhaidh, —fáguib, —fágbann. 1 pl. fágmuid (`cóir do chanamhain'). Subj. 1 s. fágbhar (abs. and conj.). imperf. ind. and subj. 1 s. do ḟágbhuinn . fut. 1 s. faeigfed, fóigfed, fūigfed. —fúigeab, —fóigeab, —faeigebh (3 s. fáoigfidh, fúigfidh, Decl. ex. 49 ; —ḟaeigfi III ex. 890 ). Cf. 2 pl. fáicfidi, LU 4584 (H ; = faicebthai. TBC-LL¹ 291 , faoigebtha St). 3 pl. fúigfid, TSh. 953 . pass. fúigfidhear (rel.), TSh. 5509 ]. sec. fut. 1 s. —ḟaeigfinn, —ḟúigfinn, —ḟóigfinn. pret. — perf. 1 s. —fāgbhas. 2 sg. fágbhais. 3 s. —fáguibh, —fágbais.

I In general sense leaves (trans.) (a thing, place or person):

(a) gl. linquere Gild. Lor. 16 ; relinquere Wb. 31b1 . a rrig foragabsat dia náes their king whom they had left behind them Ml. 95a12 . fosrácbus im thaig dim éis, TBFr. § 23 . trēide as dile lem forfacbus, ZCP vii 310 § 9 . lucht na luinge foracabsat hi tír A., ZCP viii 313.24 . conafarcbad ar chind Neill so that he was left to await N., Rawl. 81a15 ( = co fargabad, BB 134b40 ). dorat rigan na Saba do S. ... .xx. ar .c. tallann d'ór ... mō ruc cid mor forḟacaib, Rawl. 79a45 . forácaib Úsaili i Cill Ú., Trip. 186.21 (2193) . is ann forothaig Cill M., ┐ farácaib díis dia muintir and, 94.11 (1049 : faráccaib). da fáccadh duine a ḟual a ngar do thigh, Maund. 217 . fofacbad na heoin a n-enchendcha ` quit (i.e. leave off, discard) their birdskins' BDD 13 . Departs from, forsakes , of places: fác an inad atai, PH 1987 . faccaibh an mendat attaoi, BNnÉ 302.1 . fag an cathair-si coluath, ZCP vi 55.1 . fácaib Eocho F. ... | a thír ar tír L. abandoned his country for that of L. xi 109 § 18 . forácsadar in n-innsi, TTr.² 824 . ná farcba a liss that he may not leave his enclosure Ériu iii 104 § 33 . dia mbad fómsa trá cách, ol in druí, no faicfithea in dunadsa innocht, LL 254a18 ( TFerbe 111 ). Of persons: i céin mairer nim-fargba, CF p. 89.21 ( GJ iv 56 ). in duine dia bhfoghnaim-si ... ni fharcabhsa he I may not leave him Lism. L. 184 . ni fuigeabh-sa ... aenduine dá tainic lim, BCC § 120 (p. 116) . Leaves remaining: conna facabtais cid mecnu na fér ... hi talam, LU 10560 ( CCC 1 ). bādur sé semmanda a sleig cech fir ... ┐ no gédais tri semanda as cech sleig ┐ fuicbidis tri semannda in cech sleig, Fianaig. 6y . conidh anbecht ma do ḟacsat mil na duíne, RC xviii 11 (Tig.) = conidh as inueachtain foragsat míol n-indile, AFM 1089 . in t-aentrian fuicfithear and do tṡluagh G. the third that shall be left Ériu iv 180 § 42 . is mar sin fheanntar an t-anam, go nach fágthar subháilce ar bioth ... aige, TSh. 9443 . Leaves behind i.e. outstrips (in a race): ata ben agum ... no fágbed [leg. -ad] na heocho, ZCP xii 252.24 . doling M. frisna heochu gur rusfágaib ib. 31 . nir taisdil in domhan ... cú nó fíadh nach fuicfedhsan, Duan. F. i 56 § 12 .

(b) relinquishes, renounces: ni ḟil ... cathair nar ḟacaib in t-ídaladrad, PH 2424 . úair foracsabairsi foromsa ... cach maith since ye have renounced for My sake every good LU 2397 . an tí aidmheóchas ┐ fhúigfeas iad who shall acknowledge and renounce them (viz. his sins) TSh. 9054 .

(c) With adj. or equivalent as complement of pred. leaves (in a certain state): o forḟacaibthi gle-nuicht when they were left stark-naked SR 1358 . manibed Moisi ... óenfer díb ... na faicbed beo for talmain, 4132 . cía romácbad Beothach béo though B. should leave me alive LU 1262 . ( Imr. Brain ii 288 ). fófácaib in trúaill fás leaves the scabbard empty LU 5406 . fáiceb in less n-óibela, LL 252a37 ( TBFr. § 28 ). benfaid frim adaircín nosfaiceba fás, LB 33b7 ( = Lism. L. 1054 ). forḟacaib B. he ic funi Mairt, LB 33b8 = forfacbhudh he ag bruith mairt Lism. L. 1055 . nacham facbaid-si m'oenur!, Ériu iii 137.1 . fómraccbhadsa sunn m'áenor, BNnÉ 93.6 . foceird-sim ... urcur di sleigh fuirri ... corus farcaib cen anmain, RC v 200z . cona farcobsat formáol fornocht so that they left it [the `dún'] bare and naked Dinds. 27 . ni theigdis uad ... co fācbaidis lān, Ériu ii 20 § 1 . fúigfid bandála Gall gruaidhḟliuch, TD 16.52 . as saidhbhir do fháoicfithea me, damad eol damh ..., Parrth. Anma 332.19 . arna farcabtais cen forcitlaid lest they should be left without a teacher Wb. 31d13 . nacham ḟácbasa cen brát[h]air, LU 6068 . fotracbad ar fán thou wast left desolate LL 147a5 ( PRIA iii 546 ). cach tailach ... namúrtis co fáctais ina foenglenntaib, LL 263b48 ( MU² 270 ). co fargbaid mo thechsa amal fondrancaibar for bar cind till you leave my house as you found it LU 8387 ( FB 26 ). ni aithergem na duile acht nos-lecam amal fosracaib Dia, Alex. 885 . f.¤ fri láim sets aside, excepts, stipulates: facbaim Concobar fri láim I leave C. aside LU 9217 ( FB 94 ). farācbaisemne fri lāim deitsiu ... nād ṅ-īurmais orguin co feasmais ..., BDD 73 Y. Cf. dochta do neoch dáles dāil | fācbas dáil n-éco fri lāimh, Fianaig. 10 § 3 . Cf. foscichret i crandchor ... fáicebthair Lugaid fris anechtair `L. will be left out of the chance' RC xiii 444x .

Folld. by CEN and vn.: foragab Duaid inna anman adiecta cen tabairt anman trén fríu D. left the adjectives without adding substantives to them Ml. 30a9 . dia ḟaicet ... gním maith i nduine, fácbait sin cen luad, PH 7678 . gunar ḟacsat uaim ... gan tachailt, Cog. 24.18 . is iomdha éacht ... ḟuigfeam ... gan chur síos which we shall leave untold Keat. ii 3237 . Cf. (k).

(d) folld. by LA, OC of pers. leaves with, in the hands of, in possession of; at the mercy of: tíagait úad ... ┐ fácbait bennachtain leiss, LU 1547 ( MU² 1057 ). facabar a cuit urgnuma in mifoltaig las in sofoltach, Laws ii 366.11 ( Stud. in E. Ir. Law 32 ). ni scarfom ... co rrucsa do chen[n]su nó co farcabsa mo chend latsu, LU 5674 . techit ... ┐ fácbait a mbíad oc na bíastaib, LU 8763 ( FB 57 ). is e gell ... forácbad icon eclais i fus the pledge that has been left LB 251b3 . co fargaibhset a mbraighti aicce `left their pledges with him' AU 1157 . fágbad frithalam núa acan impiri ┐ imthigid (they) render the emperor fresh service (of a relay of attendants) Maund. 203 . fagbuis aigi budhein an Camcornn kept for himself Ériu ii 187.3 ( co fagbais, ZCP viii 103.11 ). fagbuit gne chustaim ag doirseoiribh in droichit pay toll to Fl. Earls 86.5 . fūicfidir sinne uile ar fódaib ... no fāicfemait [fúigfiom v.l.] oirechas agat-sa, ML² 1572 (cf. ML 118.26 ). Cf. da sirinn a meic no a mna ... dofuicfedis tes `gom thoigh they would have delivered them up ZCP viii 219 § 9 . cf. (f), (g). leaves (as a duty) to: fofacaib lim ... frithalim na n-anmanna leaves to me (the task of) attendance on the animals SR 1201 . With FO : fágbhaim fá bhreathnughadh gach aonduine I leave it to all to judge TSh. 5002 .

(e) leaves behind (on a battle-field, etc.), loses (of persons and things): maiti for Ultu. Facabar Conchobar C. is left (wounded) LU 4926 . fáicfidi leis mili cend 4584 . in farcbad mo macsa? ... Forrácbad has my son been slain ? He has 1529 ( MU² 1031 ). fácabar .xx. láech lais díb twenty of their warriors fell by him 1583 . mebaid ... forsint slúag mór ria nDauid | co fargsat ... huili cruid a ṅgabála, SR 6459 . maidid for Aibisolón. facabair in milid ZCP xiii 177.13 . tuitfimit-ni uili it lurg, amal ro fácbait do muinter uili connici so, Mer. Uil. 24 . ro memhaidh for Aedh ... co farcaib ili, AU 859 . co fargsat a muntir ┐ a longa, RC xvii 404 (Tig.; AFM 1065 have: fáccbhaitt a nethra lais imon luing ...). co farggabsat ... a llonga leu, AU 851 . sluaighed la D. ┐ la feraib M. ... cor lādh ór fer M. ... co facsad a lón ┐ a n-eich ┐ a n-airm, RC xviii 37 . romebaid forsna T. ... co farcsat ár mór do degdóinib, TTr.² 1568 . foraccaibhset a n-ār lá mac meic L. eittir marbhadh ┐ bathadh, AFM ii 964w . go bhfúigfe do cheann ┐ do chosgar ag cathaibh Chuinn, ML 122.1 . Cf. ni ḟil cidh oenfer ... natt farcbainn i tinorguin whom I could not leave i.e. vanquish Fianaig. 12 § 21 . trian érca cach éinḟir da muintir da faicfigther `the third part of the eric for every man ... that is killed' Hy Maine 64 . Cf. Maol Seachlainn ... do dhol i ttíribh Mumhan ... ro indir Mumha co muir ... iar madhmaim for a rioghaibh ... co ffarccbadh ann lais Maol Crón ... tanaisi na nDéisi, co sochaidhe ele, AFM 856 . AU has co fargbadh ann lethri na nDeise, Maol Cron ...

(f) leaves behind (at death): nicon foigebat ciniud ... dia næs, Ml. 69a8 . facbaid [Ioseph] dá mac, SR 3687 . tabairt mnā dó fo déig co farcbad comarba, LU 10166 . act a mbere-so ni fuiceba-som di chlaind [sic leg.] save what thou bearest he will leave no offspring ZCP viii 310.19 . ni hairdircc a chlann maro ḟacaib if he left any Rawl. 147a22 . ar na hoighreadhaibh fhágbhaid dá n-éis, TSh. 4577 . Hence bequeathes: fáccab Aed aidacht la Conchad, Ardm. 18b1 ( Thes. ii 242.19 ). seoit aini ro facaib a n-athair acu, Laws i 216.8 Comm. ní ḟágaibh athair ag mac | Inis Ḟódla, TD 17.3 . dá bhfágbhadh duine ré hudhacht ni nach leis fein, TSh. 5133 . dá bhfágbhadh ... neach a oighreacht ré hudhacht ag neach oile, 5140 .

(g) leaves (instructions, a charge, command, etc.), often with obj. clause: teorae briathra forfaccaib Diarmaid app Iae la C. ... fit foss figell, Mon. Tall. § 47 . faracaib Dia linn co ndigesta God left with us (the knowledge) that thou wouldst go Trip.² 275 . secht cluchi ... issed forḟácaib Patraic, Metr. Dinds. iii 16 . faccbaim cen a tidhnacul go brāth do Cloinn C. I leave an ordinance that they are never to be given to the clan of C. Anecd. ii 30z . fāgaim in ces naīdhen for Ultaib co brāth, ZCP xii 252y . a los na mallachta do ḟágaibh Noe ag Cam, Keat. i p. 178 . forácaibh [Pátraic] ordnidi lóech ┐ cleirech uad cu bráth promised that illustrious laymen and clerics should descend from him Trip. 210.13 (2464) . forácaib nobeitis ríg ... día cenél co bráth, 164.9 (1910 : furácaib). ro fagaib Colman troscud umpi seo C. left an ordinance that they should fast for it BColm. 88.13 . is i gCluain Mic Nóis do ḟágaibh Diarmaid é féin d'adhnacal, Keat. iii 2164 . ro fagaib fo péin a n-anma orra gan techt tairis sin, ZCP vi 80.28 . do fácbadh Menistir na mBrathar ... do beth os cind na mBrathar co huilidhi it was decided that the Minister of the Friars ... should be over all the Friars AU iii 526 . do fagcaib doib ... cruth a mban for a maccaib, BColm. 90.18 . fágbhais P. ... eineach is eangnamh Éirionn ... d'ḟágbhálaibh air, TD 7.17 (see fácbáil). Of a salutation, farewell: ro faccbustair iomchomarc bethadh ag R., BNnÉ 328 § 58 .

? is ed rofacbad do mnai, | is cet cía thái, cet cía théis this is the last word on woman (?) ZCP iii 37.18 . Cf. (j).

(h) fo-ácaib bréithir leaves a word i.e. a blessing, malediction, etc.: forácaib Patraic [br]eithir foraib, Trip. 208.24 (2451) . fácbaid bréithir ... for cléithib na Cráeb-rúaide, a mbeith fo chess `she leaves a word upon ..., that they should be in distress' Metr. Dinds. iv 130.1 . forfacaib-seom na m[i]briathra-sa doib .i. comdais brēcairi filid Connacht, ZCP xiii 25.24 . a los na mbriathar ro fagaibh Mocuda forra, BNnÉ 307.1 .

(i) of placing, inflicting: géabhthar air go bhfágthar iomad créacht air he will be beaten till many sores are left on him TSh. 3483 .

(j) leaves (on record), hands down (a statement, etc.): ro ḟagaibh fria blaisect mbāis gur fhír son, Marco P. 1 . do ḟágaibhsiod eólaigh gurab mó do thuit, etc. ML 142.28 . d'fagadar [na harsanta] againne gorab comfada, etc. Ir. Astr. Tr. 134.23 . faguibh aguinn a bunad make known to us Fen. 258.6 . Cf. (g), last cit.

(k) f.¤ immuig leaves out, omits: foracabsom lethchosmailius [—iusin MS] immuig `he has left out half of the comparison' Ml. 37d10 . Cf. (c).

II Rarely intrans.

(a) is left, remains (prob. in early Mid. Ir. an impers. use of the trans. vb.): connach farcaib i mBrudin i farrad Conaire acht Conall ┐ Sencha ... so that only C. and S. ... were left BDD 152 ( LU 7920 ). is cuit péne cach ra ḟác di ṡluag na Eurpa uli na rachomraic immon oenchomarli seo hardly were there any who were left of the host of Europe that did not join in this council (?) LL 232b20 ( TTr. 1141 ). ? fásughadh Muighe B. la Saxoibh ... ┐ rugsat braigdi iomdha leo as gach ionadh hi farcaibhset `from every place which they left' (? in which they had stayed) AFM 683 .

(b) departs, gets away: facbuid-si asin tír-si, RC xiv 56 § 69 . ro facsat tra na Troianu as gach gliaid ┐ as gach gabad, Aen. 195 .

v (can— `sing') sings to, accompanies in song: foacanim, gl. succino Sg. 167a2 .

v subjoins: fo[a]ccomla ... frecrae (gl. subicitur responsio) Ml. 30b10 . See follg.

x see fo-ricc.

x see fo-feiscren.

v ( fo-ad-tib-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 648 ) laughs, chuckles, smiles: imperf. adubairt P. anno faitfed (.i. gaire), Trip.² 229 (= arridens p. 12 n .). ACL iii 10 § 11 . pret. and perf. fó-atbi, Trip. 98.7 (= fóaitbi, 1096 ). amal foraitbi int Sarra ... in tan asrobrad frie o mberad macc as that Sarah laught when she had been told that she would bear a son Tur. 62 . fáitbestár LU 8131 ( FB 9 ). ro cháiestair ... ┐ ro fháitbhestair iar ttain, BNnÉ 12 § 10 . faiphtis gen gaire 'ná agaid, TTebe 3210 . With IMM, laughs at: fáithbid [leg. faítbhid] ... immbi (= deridebat eum Lat. Lives 53 . fáitbis ... in máthair imon córaid, PH 6625 . ro fháitbe impu, 1850 . fáibtis fear agá faigsin, IGT III ex. 785 (v.l. fáibhtis; faitfis. Decl. ex. 608 reads fáiltis). (Trans.) ro ḟaitbe ... in popul ... dásacht na foirni, Lat. Lives 92 . Vn. fáitbiud, -be(d), q.v.

v ( fo-ad-luig-, Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 572 ). Ind. pres. 1 s. foalgim Sg. 146b14 . 2 sg. fu fálgi , Ml. 108c12 . 3 s. falgai (protot. for deuterot.) LU 8353 ( FB 24 ). ? subj. pres. 2 s. [sic Strachan, VSR 118 ] failgai si, SR 8239 . pret. and perf. 3 s. fosnálaig, LU 1805 . forálaig, Ml. 123b9 . foralaig, 43d5 . ? fosrolaich (-rolaic v.l.) Hy ii 62 . Pass. pres. s. fomm álagar, Sg. 146b14 . PCr. 60b5 . sec. fut. 3 pl. no failgifitis (v.l. na falgitis ), gl. consternarentur Lib. Hymn. i 72.41 ( Goid. 69.3 ). pret. pl. -falguide, Laws iv 16.2 (see Ériu xii 199 ). In Mid. Ir. generally treated as simple vb., stem fálg-, fáilg-; pret. forms hard to distinguish from fo-léci or fo-luigi. Vn. fálgud, q.v.

Lays low, prostrates, throws down: fufálgi siu inna naimtea, Ml. 108c12 . ? rofailgestar .i. dosrat inna ligu, Thes. ii 320.33 (gl. fosrolaich, Hy ii 62 ). fosnálaig som a [ceol] ... co ara bárach laid them low (in sleep) LU 1805 ( RC ix 488 ). fodoralaid [leg. -rálaig ?] féin for lár | anim Ádaim, SR 2189 . cf. forrolaid in gaeth ... a puplu, BB 496a36 ( IT ii2 101 ). Both these exx. may belong to for-cuirethar, q.v. dia rosalgid [da rusfailgid v.l.] pailm dó when palms were strewn Ériu ii 198z . bátar fir óir ┐ argit inna láim. dobert a mér for dís fa thríar díb condaforlaig int airinech buí ara bélaib, LL 289a47 ( SG 313.5 . RC xiii 444 . CMMucr. 107 n.118 ); of a game of chess: `struck the chamber's panel' O'Gr.; `so that the front rank [of chessmen] was hidden' Stokes: so that ... fell, was knocked down (reflex.) ? falgai betho borrbuidne lays low the world's boisterous bands LU 8353 ( FB 24 ). rofailgid ... curpa curatai, Alex. 22 . ros failgetar belgi ┐ mendudai ... a námut dia reir, 200 . failgebe in t-iarthar .i. Eoraip thou shalt overthrow 91 . r[o]ḟolaig Gaillu, LL 184a14 (ḟolaig in marg.) = Arch. Hib. ii 72 § 31 . cenmotha a forlaig dint slúagh olchena, TTr.² 1381 . In impers. construction: fonrālaig mairb mesctha mir | do dālaib ind escra sin we are struck dead, dismayed, distracted SR 3579 (cf. 2189 , cited above). fosrālaig (: sáraig) cen rige ruad [Saul's children] were left low without kingship 6541 .

Cf. fáilgid.

v g (mám) subjugates (formed on analogy of Lat. subjugare ?): subj. pres. fo[a]mmamaigedar (gl. si ... subigerit) Ml. 113c6 . perf. fosroammamigestar dia molad he has subjugated them to his praise 67b24 . Pass. pres. cosnaib hulib dūlib fo[am]mamaigter dosuidi, 26a8 .

v (reth-) = do-árraid perf. of do-áirret comes up with, overtakes: fon-arraid a gcrích Corca D. mnáoi ZCP vii 304.29 .

v dies, perishes: 3 s. subj. and fut. fobā fobeba ZCP xi 97 § 57 = dobá dobeba, 87 § 49 . pres. Niall dira Niall fuba, YBL 174 a 13 . 3 p. pret. fo brōn bebsat (a tmesis construction) Ériu xxviii 4 .

v ī submerges: pass. pres. fobdidithir [leg. fobáidither ?] leth na bairgine isin cail[i]uch, Thes. ii 251.11 (Stowe Miss.). in fobdod fombaiter inda lled `with which the two halves are submerged' 254.1 . Part. foibdide, q.v. Vn. fobdud, q.v.

v (ber—) lit. brings under , hence

(a) abases, subdues, impairs (?): ? domruacht bochta fombera, LL 37c40 ( Auraic. 5343 ).

(b) in follg. ex. with acc. of thing, seems = introduces, occasions (Lat. subigere): cet[h]arda fobera fiannas do duine .i. doimairg cricha, etc., four (evils) which soldiering will bring upon man (?) ZCP iii 453.12 (for fodera ?).

(c) dips, submerges: cu fobairthea cend na slegi sin issind lind, LL 267b20 ( MU² 732 ). ro foibred na fiarlanna isna lennaib fichecha a slessaib na saerclann `were tempered' Ériu viii 44.17 . mac Fiachrach lēr foibreadh sleagh 'Fiachra's son by whom a spear was tempered', Celtica xxvi 106 § 50 . See fobairt and fobride, and cf. fo-geir.

(d) passes under (?): (with —ro—) asberat araile ... forbered [Fergus] muire ┐ uisce samlaid, O'Curry 776 (< H 3.18, 364a ; cf. eolus fobarta fo muirib ib.) = imteghed fo muirib, Laws i 72.13 .

v Ind. pres. 3 s. foben, Laws v 284.5 . AFM 886 . —fuben, BCrólige § 53 . —fuiben, Laws ii 388.1 . —fuban, Fianaig. 26.14 . with ro—: foruban ib. 3 . perf. pres. ( ¤com—): fuichmen, Ériu xiii 13.4 (= fochmen .i. focuma nó fuban, O'Dav. 857 ). See ib. Ériu xiii 57z ff . Cf. nodonuiben (rel.) ZCP xii 360.9 . subj. pres. 3 s. fom bia, Ml. 15a11 . —fubai, LL 38b32 . past subj. 3 pl. —fuibitis, Ériu iii 140. 181 . perf. 3 s. fodrubi LU 10770 - 1 . 2 pl. forubid, Wb. 27c27 . Pass. pres. fo-benaither, Ériu xiii 17.1 (= —aiter, 60.2 ). past subj. perf. focombethe, O'Curry 814 (< H 3.18, 375 - 6 ). —fochmaide, BCrólige § 53 . The obscure form forruipnetar, ZCP viii 105.9 may belong to this verb. On forruipnetar see also forruipnetar ?. Vn. ? 1 fuba(e), q.v. Lit. ` strikes or cuts under ,' hence

(a) in wide sense attacks (insidiously), impairs, spoils, invalidates , in physical and moral sense. Sometimes with IMM of indirect obj. Gl. vitiare Ml. 15a11 . Enchir. Aug. 71a [ind a]imser forubid [tre b]ar ṅdrognímu `the time that ye have wasted (?)' Wb. 27c27 . foben subha síl Beraich it destroys the gladness of B.'s race AFM 886 (poem). Bruchst. i § 114 . ni fuiben enecland arain ... excess does not lessen honour-price Laws ii 388.1 . foben inracus acobuir `covetousness vitiates worthiness' v 284.5 (with gl.: fobenaid a indricus uimisim saint acobuir na set). direnarsom amal ni fochmaide miad a tuisteda, ar ni fuben ni imo[n] n-ennac mignim ind anenaicc, BCrólige § 53 (cf. O'Dav. 926 , where amail nad fochmand graid seems a corruption of this). ni fuiben fortacht co n-idna .i. ni fodiubann eiric uait isin fortacht dorinnis, O'D. 578 (< H 3.17, c. 444 ). don galar fotrubai, Ériu xii 170.6 (fotroibi v.l. = fodrubi LU 10770 - 1 ). ó foruban crith cech cnáim `when palsy hath consumed each bone' Fianaig. 26.3 (perf. pres.). fobenad ┐ doairmescad menmain they harass ... the mind Mon. Tall. § 2 (see Rule of Tallaght p. 104 ). mad fuba nī di dath ind lenna if it sully the colour of the liquid somewhat Ériu vii 148 § 11 . ni hairged fionn foichmen, Ériu xiii 13.4 = ni airgeat find fochmean (.i. ni fuban ... in airged taitnemach), O'Curry 1877 ( 23 P 3, 21 ) = O'Dav. 857 ( Ériu xiii 57 ). an mōr do dula ar in mbeg, | ind fuban indt sacarbec ? Fubun [fuban v.l.] ón that much should go in requital of little, does that impair the sacred host (i.e. vitiate thy religious profession) ? It does indeed ACL iii 2.13 . SG 401 . Here perhaps: itē da n-anocht dēc fob-at in Gaedelg .i. claen ┐ rudrach, etc. BB 308b5 .

(b) of attacking or wounding an enemy: fomna in loech fodotben!, TBC-I¹ 1511 = LU 5979 . ? mad mattain foraib imbárach i nUrd [sic leg.] ┐ ni fuibitis nech n-and they hurt no one (?) Ériu iii 140.181 (= na ro beotais ┐ naro ruibtis nech ann, Rawl. 132b35 ). ro fubad Find ... isind urgail, LL 193a32 (= do fubad, Dinds. 27 ). rus-fubad cenn lúaithLeacaigh L.'s head was cut off Duan. F. i 18.14 . Cf. fobach .i. ... in ni fobentar a caisiul na hatha `which is taken from the "caisel" wall of the kiln' Laws v 488.12 = O'Dav. 976 .

Cf. fo bith na fintar in leat focombethe in mbliucht farrit [ = fa friut ?], O'Curry 814 (< H 3.18, 375 - 6 . Of taking distress in a cow-yard).

(c) intrans.: is gnáth ... dond oís glicc dolleicet forru indáil et fobenat iarum inna deud, Wb. 13b13 ; `they let the crowd pass them and then steal up (?) after it' Thes. (cf. Marstrander s.v. 3 dál).

See ? 1 fuba(e) and fubaid, fubaide ?.

v (-fubth—, -bubth—, though these may be from a different word, see Pedersen Vgl. Gr. ii 477 ).

I Intrans. is alarmed, frightened: fobothaim (gl. consternor) Sg. 146b13 . PCr. 60b4 . 65b4 . ní bái ní ara fubthaitis occu there was no reason why they should be alarmed TFerbe 113 .

II Generally trans. scares, alarms, disturbs: co fota-bothad (gl. terreret) Ml. 33b16 . cid dia mbúpthai (fubthai v.l.) na báethlaegu ? why dost thou frighten RC ix 482.11 ( LU 1752 ). corgus ma fot-botha if Lent affright thee Fél. Nov. 15 . nach rouba (v.l. robda U, rubda Eg.) fuam in tsluaigh, TBC-I¹ 209 . a sciath in tan focrotha | a bidbadha fobotha RC xvii 173 (Tig.). Bruchst. i § 5 (= futbotha, AFM 614 ). batir da siabuir ┐ fobuthad cechtar de a chéile (of goblins or sprites) IT iii 245.62 . ? fa-mboith ... Finn `turns upon him' Fianaig. 24.4 . nā fubthad uaman do gnē, 16 § 43 . do Aed Ordnide na rofubthad, LL 181b38 ( Arch. Hib. ii 48 § 14 ).

Vn. fubthad, q.v.