n o, n. and m. in Mid.Ir. g s. also ratha (usual later form). n s. rath , Wb. 2c17 ; (with art.) a rrad , 29d29 ; rad ṅDé, 7d3 (but: rad Dée, 13b6 , cf. 3d16 ). g s. raith, 14c42 , 29a7 , 33b8 ; SR 3317 , 3322 , 5319 ; ratha, 6061 . g p. inna rath , Wb. 15c3 . d p. huanaib rathaib , Ml. 116c1 . rath m., g s. raith, ratha, IGT Dec. § 38.7 .

Acc. to Thurn. Hdb. § 726 , Lewis and Ped. § 542 , vn. of ernaid bestows, grants

(a) grace , esp. in religious sense, both of Divine grace and grace as a spiritual quality in man; general meaning in Glosses, where it nearly always translates Lat. gratia. manimchobrad rad Dáe (= gratia Dei), Wb. 3d16 . do rath Dé ba forlán, Fél. Nov. 5 . duine co rrath Dé, Mon. Tall. § 32 . eícndag ind raith diadi, Wb. 29a7 . amal romboí cuit cáich din rath diadu (= secundum gratiam quae data est nobis), 5d6 . ro línad o rath in spiruta naím, LU 9826 . rath in Spirto, Fél. May 15 ; cf. PH 5409 . teirt . . . is inti tanic rath super apostolos, Ériu iii 116.11 . cride co rad ríg nime `the gracious heart of the King of Heaven', ii 118 § 56 ; cf. alaind baí in rígan cu rath `lovely and gracious was the princess', Metr. Dinds. ii 74.49 (perh. = d). in rí go rath, gan deiredh is gan tosach, ZCP viii 114 § 2 . cenotad maic-si raith sons of grace , Wb. 33b8 . a meic raith! (of Joseph), SR 3317 . Ioseph in bith-raith, 3322 . in mac raith Eibbán (of St. Abbán), ZCP viii 110 § 9 . Cf. an Mac Ratha (name of Maedóc's bell), BNnÉ 245 § 197 . fer raith, Fél. Aug. 18 . aes raith, SR 5319 . `sin chanoin ruithsenaig raith, ACL iii 307 § 27 . ? ferr rath inā riagal, ZCP vi 261.14 .

(b) a grace, virtue, gift (= Lat. charisma), oft. with defining gen.: rath dénma ferte (= gratiam curationum), Wb. 12b21 . rath precepte, 12b29 . rath somailse, Ml. 89c15 . tic rath fastini fair the gift of prophecy , LU 9827 . rath ecna ┐ fatsine, PH 4490 . BNnÉ 265.4 . muime gach ratha rāin (of isle of Rachriu), ZCP x 53 § 4 . ro fallsiged rath in aislingi, MacCongl. 39.28 . pl. ata imda ratha ind Fheilire, Fél. 10.30 . is liriu feor ilratha in marbnaid noeb-siu, ZCP iii 225.4 . it e sin ratha na haíne, PH 8422 . co rathaib righ-c[h]ealla, ZCP viii 203.30 .

The two follg. exx. from SR, by Stokes in Index referred to O'Clery's rath .i. baile (which = 2 ráth ), prob. represent this word: cia dechair fail dar a rath? what difference is there in their virtue? (of winds), SR 7947 (: dath). diar bris dia rigroimsi rath | primdo[i]rsi na morcatrach, 7355 (of Samson; abundance of graces, virtues ?).

(c) the granting of a favour : tuc A. . . . maidm forro . . . tre rath Chiarain, RC xvii 404.29 . ro muid for Gallaib tria rath Poil ┐ Pedair, Cog. 14.23 . A mark of favour, a boon : is rath co feirg a wrathful gift , RC iii 180.23 ( LL 121a48 ) (of a spear asked as a gift, which is thrown to the asker and wounds him). Cf. is ann is etail duine | i [= a] mba cuma lais uile | a aor ocus a molad, | a rath ocus a ghueidhe, ZCP vii 298.9 , 10 (i.e. when it is alike to him whether he be censured or praised, receive favours or be asked for them?). Mercy : crochad is riaghad gan rath , Acall. 1852 .

(d) good luck, fortune, prosperity (usual later sense): eochair ratha ro-chruth (i.e. beauty wins prosperity), ZCP vi 270 § 2 . ni hingnad a beith cen rath, duine drechmas (of one who is fair of face but lacks sense), 267 § 3 . in fer ba huasle ┐ ba mó rath isin tuaith, LL 2a30 . fer in ratha `man of luck' (of Find m. Cumaill), Metr. Dinds. ii 74.42 . ni gēbha rath, recht nā righe, ZCP viii 110 § 11 . do ben dím mo rath 's tuc me gan righe, BCC § 139 . do chinnsat ar chomha[i]rle fa mór rath which turned out very successful , Ériu i 98.18 . fuarais mór ríg co rath āig, RC xx 12 § 18 ( LL 47b36 ). réim go rath , Cog. 96.31 . ruathar go rath `victorious march', 104.19 . Domnall dorinde oirne maith | fa deoigh coma fer raith `may he be a man of bounty' (? may he prosper ), BCC § 136 . Cormac hua Cuind an ri raith, Anecd. i 18.10 . for rith raith `in a successful career', Ériu ix 46 § 11 . fágbhaidh la hOilill a rath | i gcath Ceall Osnadha (i.e. was defeated by O.), Keat. iii 709 (poem). fá mór rath Éireann ré linn Chormaic, 3028 . do mhúch rath na cathrach, Keat. Poems 1508 . Aedh . . . d'hēg a tus a ratha `in the beginning of his felicity', AU iii 80 y , cf. 354 y . rath beg saoghalta ar fedh ttamaill, Ó Héodhusa 72.8 . a mí aoibhill a ratha saoghalta, TSh. 542 . tuar goimhe rochtain i rath , L. Cl. A. B. 175.87 . go gcuireadh an Tighearna rath air, Gen. xxxix 23 . pl. in distributive sense: claifitir a ratha, tairnfither a bríg, CRR 22 (: datha). ro bhoi 'sa dun fo rathaib `in happiness (?)', ZCP xi 41 § 5 . diombágh druim rena rathaibh [ag leannán Chuinn] `alas that Conn's darling turned her back on her good fortune!' A. Ó Dálaigh liii 14 .

fri rath on account of: do-foeth mór fer find fria rath , ScM. § 3.15 .

(e) in gramm., dative case: a rath: do fhiur, do fheraib, do mnaí, do mnáib, do nim, do nimib, Auraic.² 52.3​ .

Compds. ¤bard: Raigne na rathbard `of the lucky bards', Metr. Dinds. ii 46.11 . ¤beo: tria rún raith rathaig rath-bi `through the mystery of the bountiful living grace', KMMisc. 154.98 . rathbla áig, LL 211a50 = uath-bla, Metr. Dinds. iii 396.5 . rí co rrathbuidnib `with blessed hosts', 24.323 . ós Raigniu rath-chert `of hallowed rights', iii 2.2 . ri roghach rathgorm, AU 902 (poem) = rogach rath , AFM a. 898 . ós rathlind Charmain `hallowed water', Metr. Dinds. iii 22.275 , cf. 260.7 . rathmac `son of grace', BColm. 20.8 . athnugud na cell | tre rathmūnud mind `the gracious doctrine of relics', KMMisc. 274.9 . hua Lathbertuig . . . rathnertaig, LL 141a48 . recht ruirech rathordan, BDD 100 (c) = BDD² 1016 `honor of bestowal'. úasind ruirig rathrúanaid, ib. (k) = rathrúnigh `intent on bestowing'?, BDD² 1043 .

n o, m. (orig. neut.; n s. rath n-athigh, ZCP xv 251 § 7 ) prob. orig. same word as 1 rath , from which it is not always to be easily distinguished. See ZCP xiv 339.33 .

Goods, chattels, property , esp. as bestowed in bounty (cf. 1 rath ) or given as a due or stipend. Cf. icund rathtig, gl. in macello, Wb. 11b19 (a prima manu), i.e. a provision or store-house? rath .i. foirithin, ut est . . . cét-rath cacha selba .i. . . . cét-foirithin cacha sealba, O'Dav. 1374 (i.e. subsidy ?). cotomroir o rath aib (.i. romfoirestar o tuarustal), LL 392d27 . ro gnathaig rath a (.i. ro gnataig tuarustal do tabairt dam), ib. 37 . urlam do rath, rurtech do chách ready in bounty (?), LU 3398 ( SCC 18 ). seanchus cach righ is a rath `the history of every king and his income', Leb. Cert. 52.18 (poem dealing with the tributes and subsidies due to the king of Cashel). intí . . . dobered rath doib, ba isin coire dobered, Corm. Y 141 s.v. bōige (of fees or food-gifts to qualified poets). forscailtech raith lavish of property, bounty (?), LL 147a20 = PRIA iii 546 § 17 . mise ó's ag min-roinn mo raith | timnaim ise don Ardḟlaith, IGT Dec. ex. 902 . ? i n-inber raithe `the inver of bounties', RC xxvi 26 § 104 (raith v.l.; glossed .i. i n-inber ind ratha .i. i n-ollamnas). maic Aincgeis co méit ratha `rich in substance', Metr. Dinds. iii 4.27 .

a fief of stock or land given by a chief or landlord to a tribesman or tenant subject to certain counter-obligations (divided mainly into doír-rath and soír-rath ); by Thurneysen, Cóic Con. p. 9 defined as Lehen, Viehstellung mit Gegenleistung. in fuidir . . . nochin-fuil ni is mó dō nā rath dā bō . . . cid mor do nechib iartair air, is ecen dō in rath sin do aisic no in fognam do denam uada, Cóic Con. 54 § 123 (the `fuidir' has a loan or stipend of two cows; whatever service may be required of him, he must perform it or restore the loan). dilis, acht cu muine coire, rath n-athigh do flaith, ZCP xv 251 § 7 (the ` rath ' of a peasant is forfeit to the lord provided the latter has fulfilled his obligations; the ` rath ' here is an acknowledgement, probably in stock, of benefits conferred by the lord in representing him or defending his rights). rath aithuigh di alaile, 251 § 8 (a loan or subsidy given by one peasant to another on footing of equal rank). a biathadh fo méit a raith o ṡaerceilibh ┐ o dhaercheilibh, Rawl. B 506 f. 35b ( O'D. 2329 ). A list of various kinds of ` rath ' is given in H 3.18 p. 392b ( O'Curry 874 ). dliged raith fine. Se rath file la feine . . . luath-rath, fi[a]drath, etc., H 3.18 393b ( O'Curry 878 ). luath-rath .i. rath ernar iar fuilliucht athar ┐ sean-athar . . . fiad-rath .i. rath ernir i fid heirnidh loingsech no fogluid no feinniuth, ib. ( O'Curry 879 ). cor druith (.i. co rath) no mire (.i. cen rath), Laws i 52.1 , 31 (transld. `one who can do work', `one who cannot work'). im gaire ndruith (.i. co rath .i. nesam in biad ┐ in t-etach ro caithfithea riu); im gaire mire (.i. ben mer, .i. gin rath), i 124.9 ; 136.18 , 20 .

n fern see 1 raith.

n m. and f. n s. also ráith, freq. in law tracts, Laws iv 140.21 , v 342.24 ; d s. a raith , 348.4 ; g s. and n p. in Mid.Ir. rátha. g p. inna rath , Ml. 127b1 . ráth (ón tṡlánoighecht), IGT Dec. § 38.9 (m., g s. ráith, rátha). See Bürgschaft 3 , 34 , 35 f. ; ZCP xviii 364 ff. ; Críth G. p. 102 .

(a) a surety, guarantor : inna rath ł inna fecheman, gl. creditorum, Ml. 127b1 . sequester medius .i. ráth , Sg. 97a4 ; cf. Thes. ii 231.21 . slúag ro-maith . . . tar a cenn am ráth-sa I am surety on their behalf , Fél. Ep. 164 . ní ba ráth ar neoch do not become a guarantor for any one , Tec. Corm. § 19.35 . ba rāth ┐ fēchem oc saigid dligid, ZCP xv 327 § 18 ( Rawl. 113a32 ). cach disli i láim ratha. cach rāth co forus, ACL iii 227.59 . pl. na rāthai, Cáin Ad. § 23 . ni rag-sa gan rátha | do chluchi na n-ātha, TBC-LL¹ 3060 . ratha eturru secht ṅdruid, secht filid, Dinds. 161 ( RC xvi 280.3 ). ocht maic Galaim . . . rop iat-sin rátha ind óenaig, Metr. Dinds. iii 10.101 . gab Cairpre cethri ráth riss, ib. 442.27 (ratha, ráith, v.l.); Thurneysen, Bürgschaft 34 , would read: cethri i ráith. it é na ratha . . . dodechatar fri laim Emine the guarantors who went security for E. , Anecd. i 42.18 . raithi Laighen . . . a n-oghlesaigte Emine guarantors for the full satisfaction of E., ib. 13 . ni techta nach foessam ar na tegat ratha fine `no "foessam" is lawful which is not supported by sureties of the tribe ', Laws iv 206.17 . ní ó ráthaib tuc [ríge] acht a rrói chatha, LL 20b22 . ? bad bláith cen olc i n-airi, | bad ráith [rait MSS.] a bríathar airi [aire v.l.] let his word be surety for him (of his good faith )? Ériu iii 96 z (Rule of Ailbe). See also Ériu xiii 28 - 29 .

(b) suretyship: a guarantee, pledge : `rath' cor, Metr. Gl. Eg. 22 . rath .i. cor, Lec. Gl. 552 = roth, 346 M . imnedach cach ráth [raith v.l.], ar is écen dí dían-apud im cach ngell dobeir `troublesome is every security, for it is necessary for it to give sudden notice as regards every pledge which he gives', Triads 235 (glossed: gach urrughas, p. 43 ). rucus rāith ar macc ṁbeoathar I decided that surety may be given for the son of a living father , ZCP xv 311 § 7 ( Rawl. 113a10 ). dobert aen a raith tar cend Conaill, Laws v 348.4 . dobreth Geer . . . hi rráith fri Ingcel im orgain no thogfad i nHére dó `G. was given in pledge (? as surety) to I. for such destruction in Ireland as he should select ', BDD § 168 App . ( LU 8029 ). dan-far-gabat far cuir ┐ far rátha if your compacts and pledges hold , TBC-LL¹ 2133 . atnagar rátha ┐ nadmand tenna . . . for muintir Chorccaige fria comall, `pledges', MacCongl. 23.3 . co tardad ratha ┐ cura Coluimchilli fris co tisad slan ar culu, RC xxiv 46 § 3 . ro ronsat sídh . . . do réir ratha ┐ miond, AFM ii 1132.16 .

Natural forces were often offered as securities or pledges and were supposed to wreak vengeance on those who violated a promise: nī rogaib Adomnān co tarta rātha ┐ gremand fris im ṡō[i]re ban dó. It ēat ind so na rātha hī sein: grīan ┐ ésca ┐ dūle Dē arcenae; Petar, Pōl . . . ┐ reliqui apostoli , Cáin Ad. § 22 . dobretha ratha fri Laigniu .i. gréin ┐ esca, usci ┐ aer, LU 9797 ( RC vi 165 ). duli De adroegaid rāith | tucsat dāl báis forsin ríg which he invoked as sureties , LU 9810 ( RC vi 165.30 ) (of death of Laegaire m. Néill). gumadh a rata ri Laighnibh grian ┐ gaeth ros mharbhsad (of same event), AU 462 . it é ratha tucsat ind | nem talam ésca grian grind, ZCP xi 57 § 10 . tucait rátha frisin ríg | grian is esca is muir is tír, LL 207b41 . do cheangladar rátha gréine ┐ éasca orra féin, Keat. ii 1787 . tugadar rátha na n-uile dúl ré híoc na héarca, 3580 . Cf. Ériu vii 227 § 61 , FDG 5 ( MR 2.5 ), Content. iv 35 .

n m. and f. Orig. gender doubtful; g s. rathi, Thes. ii 260.38 ( Ardm. 6b1 ) in a Latin context, possibly a Latinized form representing a native g s. ráith. ? ráith, Fél. Prol. 200 (taken by Stokes as locative). ratho, AU 595 , 622 ; Anecd. ii 47.6 , 7 . ratha, AU 808 ; Anecd. ii 47.8 , 9 . rathi, ib. 8 . raithe, Laws v 348.7 (text). a s. raith, AU 622 . d s. raith, 622 , 747 , 788 . ráth m. (g s. rátha, ráith), IGT Dec. § 38.3 . ráth f. (g s. rátha, ráithe), § 39.3 . ráith m., § 41.3 . ráith f. (g s. ráithe, rátha), § 42.4 . See Bürgschaft p. 3 , and 1 ráth .

In late lang. d s. ráthaid occurs (possibly a different word): issin rathaid , Dinds. 31 ( RC xv 333.27 ) = rathaidh, BB 367b41 ; rathaidh, AU ii 222.11 (a. 1196 ). n p. rathanna, BColm. 64.16 , cf. ZCP viii 549.28 .

An earthen rampart surrounding a chief's residence, a fort, rath ; somet. by extension used of the enclosed dwelling also; common in place-names folld. by an adj. or genitive. rath .i. baile, Corm. Y 1117 ; O'Cl. di raith for raith (.i. da baili for baili), Laws v 348.7 , 31 . la taisic a raithe (.i. baile eneclainni), 350.1 . secht ratha (.i. secht mbaile), 348.3 , 14 . co Cruachanráith Connacht, CRR 16 (of fort of Ailill and Medb). Ráth Chrúachan ro scáichi la hAilill, Fél. Prol. 177 . ní mair in drong úabair | ráith Bécce maicc Eogain, ib. 200 . ni ro [a]trebhthar in rath | dia comharbaibh (: bráth), BNnÉ 314 § 8 (curse on a land-owner). mūr n-ollaman dos-rōgaib | 'sa rāith rōt-gloin ōs Breagmaigh, Sitzungsb. Pr. Akad. 1919, v 92 § 16 . rīghbile ōs rāith (: cáich), ZCP viii 199.12 (i.e. a tree growing on the rampart of a fort). du. ro class di rígráith la Nemed . . . .i. Raith Chimbáeth is Emne, LL 6a27 . dá ríoghráith, Keat. i 176.47 . pl. bat fāssa a rát[h]a, ZCP viii 110 § 2 . ? a rí na rrath! (to a chief), LL 148b25 = KMMisc. 268 § 40 (`O king of the raths'). Bale U Dimán ┐ Less na Findan . . . ┐ rathanna ele, BColm. 64.16 .

Of a burial-ground (within an earthen rampart): Mac Cuill, Mac Gréni . . . i rRáith Cruachan dodoscelt, LU 2833 . Metr. Dinds. iii 130.28 . Exceptionally of a grave-mound: clandtair a fert ┐ a raith, RC xiii 222.27 . oc cloidi ratha ┐ ic sadad lia, ib. 36 .

Of an (earthen) rampart or wall in general: dorónta . . . rátha móra impe (sc. round Troy), TTr.² 197 . athnugud na múr ┐ tórmach na rath , 1272 (of fortifications of the Greek camp).

In wider senses: a fhiaich . . . na herig sunda don ráith, SG 56.37 ( LB 274b11 , of a hollow tree in which the speaker has found shelter, = Caithréim Cellaig, 450 ). SG 57.1 = CCellaig 460 . Tú tháinig . . . i mbroinn Ríoghna i ráith na ndíog, Measgra D. 61.66 (poem by Gilla Bríghde Mac Con Midhe, 13th cent.).

The upper part or hill of Armagh in which the church stood was called the ` ráth ': Ard Macha do loscadh . . . eter Raith is Trian `both Close and Trian', AU ii 26.9 (a. 1074). reicles Poil ┐ Petair . . . co mbloidh moir don rathaidh do loscadh, 222.11 (a. 1196 ). Cf. the prophecy made to Patrick in the Liber Angeli: scit Dominus . . . tuum praesentem locum quem praesto videmus in alto positum, Ardm. 20d ( Trip. 352.23 ).

Compds. see ráthbuige and ráthmug.