n
o, m. (cf. W. rhod) d
s.
i routh
,
Wb. 11a3
(a primâ manu).
n
p. roith, rotha.
roth
m. (g
s. n
p. -a),
IGT Dec. § 95 (p. 127.24)
.
In early Mod.Ir. n
s. rotha occurs (Bedell,
Eccles. xii 6
), pl.
rothadha (
Ezekiel i 20
; FM).
(a) something circular, or wheel-shaped
:
roth a rotá .i. ōn
c[h]ūairt,
Corm. Y 1087
(a false etymology; the word is
native, see
Pedersen Vgl. Gr. i 33
).
roth
, gl. rota,
Ir. Gl. 227
.
roth cruind
forsa-ndenat na cerda in[na] lestrai, gl. rotae,
Ml. 18b4
. dona
rothib (gl. rotis),
Gild. Lor. 119
. Esp. (a) a wheel (of a vehicle):
droch .i. roth carpait,
O'Mulc. 350
.
roth nó fonnud nó fertas
. . . in charpait,
TBC-LL¹ 772
. du.
nechtar in dá roth (.i. fonnod)
iarndae in carpait,
LU 5180
(
TBC-I¹ 701
), where it is used of
the outer rim or tyre of a wheel.
hi carput dā rath,
Hy. v 84
(metri gratiâ). Pl.
nom thescfat roith iarnaide in charpait,
TBC-LL¹ 1340
.
dollotar rotha iarnaidi in carpait hi talmain,
2640
.
ruamghail na roth
,
CCath. 1834
.
ni bhí in cathair . . . gin míli
roth for fenaibh ┐ damhuibh ┐ asanaibh ac togluasacht ṡida,
Marco P. 70
.
ro fucctha . . . rothadha faoí dia fhógluasacht,
AFM vi 1980.10
. Meton. the vehicle itself: nír imthige fri roth
`do not race against a wheel (i.e.
chariot
)',
Tec. Corm. § 19.9
.
ag dol i roth isin aier,
AFM a. 553
= in curru suó,
RC xvii 142
(Tig.). leth ruith ┐ leth gobra
half [of them] in chariots and
half on horseback
(?),
BDD 51
(of advancing warriors). Of
other wheels:
lúathidir roth [m]búali,
BDD 127
, cf.
FB 87
(a mill-wheel turned by water, see
ZCP i 94
,
98
). Of a wheel
for torture:
roth mor . . . ┐ bera áithe ┐ clóidbe . . . in a medon,
PH 1204
.
(b) a disc or sphere
:
rotha grene ┐ escai,
Marco P. 68
.
doimchellat na renda roth cruinn in domuin,
Ériu ii 106 § 19
.
ardruiri ind roith rigda ail | garg-ruide fri croich coem-nair,
SR 1077
; i.e. of the circular universe? but
1078
suggests
the circular panel at the juncture of the cross-arms, on which
in Irish high-crosses the Crucifixion was often depicted; cf.
.xx. pars inna cuairt-roth
`circle-wheel' (of the centre of the
cross),
Thes. ii 255.4
(
Stowe M. 65b
).
gu Rīg na roth
,
ZCP
vii 304 § 17
. a gac[h] rotha do rothaib [rothaidhibh v.l.] na
firmaminti
spheres
,
ITS xiv 68.7
. in roth árd . . . reithes grian
(of the Zodiac),
MR 112.20
. See also rothchles(s) below.
(c) a circular brooch, wheel-brooch
:
atcondarc roth n-óir isin
brut ara bélaib,
BDD 99
.
roth creda sin brutt,
TBC-LL¹ 5401
=
delcc, St.
cu ndechutar do chunchid roith croi for Aed mac
Ainmirech .i. delg nos-facbad cech rig diaroile,
LB 238cb23
,
cf.
RC xx 421
.
a chneas-léine . . . gona teóra roth . . . do
dhearg-ór,
ML 110.29
.
roth credha .i. dealg, O'Cl.
(d) in follg. exx. appar. of circular torques or fillets encircling neck or head:
rotha derga tentide for sírlasad imma
mbrágtib,
FA 28
.
atchíu [a] ardroth n-imnaisse | imma chend,
BDD 100 (e)
. Cf.
cóicroth óir . . . úas cach ae,
91
. Of (? concentric) circles traced as ornament on a shield:
dondscīath . . .
co cōic roth ōir co mbil findruine fair,
TBC-I¹ 2045
.
cromscīath
. . . co trī radhaib ro-dēnma,
2339
. Cf. the story of Cuchulainn's shield,
Ériu v 72
and
xi 54
, Macalister Archaeology of Irel. 146
.
(e) a loop, noose
: atnaig a cend i ruth gait
in the noose of a
gad
,
Metr. Dinds. iii 252.127
(see note). Hence prob. O'Cl.:
ruth ghaid .i. rathán gadraigh. ruth `a chain, link
', O'R.
(f) in
TBC-LL¹ 5590 fg
. (Stowe) used of movable war-machines
mounted on wheels:
tri rúada rot[h]a,
5591
.
ar cach roth nét
dona teoraibh rothaibh,
5604
.
(g)
roth rámach `rowing (?) wheel', name of a fabulous
flying-machine
, see rámach. The term
roth
may denote the
circular body, or car, of the machine.
(h) fig. uses:
roth creth `circle of science',
RC xx 44
(ACC
Introd.) =
roth cráed (.i. filidecht),
LU 354
.
roth soithe (name
of a metre?),
IT iii 36 § 18
, also called r.¤ soadh (= suadh?),
ib. i roth na réime aimseardha
revolution
,
TSh. 537
. rochtain
. . . go roth uachtrach urchóide
the topmost revolution
(i.e.
zenith) of iniquity
,
Hackett xliii 42
. eo Rosa, | roth ruirech | recht flatha, 'a king's circle'
LL iv 27650
,
Bondarenko 278, 281
.
Compds.
¤chles(s) n
name of a feat or game of skill
:
LU 9291
.
FB 30
.
Ériu iv 30.11
.
oc cur in rothclessa,
FB 64
(where it
is described; the `
roth
' was appar. a disc or quoit hurled into
the air).
¤gal: tucsatar . . . craithed neim-meirtnech do rothgail ro-tren `twirling' (of wrestlers),
MR 256.5
.
¤impód: ag
roithled ┐ ag roth-impod aroile
twirling
,
MR 256.18
. ruathar
. . . ag roith-lingeadh orra
wheeling round them
(?),
TSh. 6635
.
roith-néll
a whirling cloud
(i.e.
dizziness
),
MR 270.2
. ?
¤richt
wheel-shape, circular form
:
Tech Duind . . . rothricht ré lan
ler fethaigthi,
IT iii 22 § 66
=
rodrict,
49 § 88
(LL), ródrícht,
ib. (BB),
rath righ,
98 § 161
; Meyer
Bruchst. i § 133
emends:
rāith rīg.